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29: 1113: 1357:, however the results were being worse each year, and by the turn of the millennium FK Zemun was relegated to the lower-leagues with just few occasional but flashy and inconsistent comebacks. Easy to conclude how the presence of Galenika in the club was fundamental for them to archive results and stability and without them Zemun supporters can only remember nostalgically the period when the club had its golden era thanks to the perfect wedding with a major local pharmaceutical company. 1895: 1353:, and Yugoslav football fans all became well aware of the name FK Galenika Zemun. Later, by the early 1990s the wars and the break-up of Yugoslavia started, Galenika suffered the financially asphyxiating consequences of the economic sanctions imposed to Serbia. The company had to drop its backing to the club and the club dropped the company name and became known just as FK Zemun. They managed to survive for some time during the 1990s in the 1880:, too has a works team tradition going back many decades, although the clubs have declined post professionalism in heartland countries, it has not been completely extinguished. As late as 1988 the Wales Captain played his club rugby for South Wales Police. As of 2017, Tata Steel play in the Second Flight of the WRU Club Pyramid. The British Army still plays occasional matches against Clubs, and has won the Middlesex Sevens in the 2000s. 128: 1333:
injected resources and backed the club financially, and the results immediately stated to show up. Right in the first season the club managed promotion back to the Yugoslav Second League where they will become among the strongest teams in the following decade. After several failed attempts Galenika Zemun achieved promotion to the Yugoslav First League in 1982 and that same year they reached the semi-finals of the
75:, is a sports team that is financed and run by a manufacturer or other business, institution, or organization in a broad sense. Works teams have very close ties with their main sponsor and owner, and usually incorporate its logo, its name, or both, in the sport club or team logo. Sometimes, works teams contain or are entirely made up of employees of the supporting company. In 1921:, the most well-established or traditional definition of a works team or factory-backed team is a manufacturer that builds its own car or motorbike including the engine. In a broader sense, it can also be any team that is financed and run by a manufacturer or other business, institution, or organization. 1376:. The club managed to achieve an impressive record for such a short existence, making its presence in two seasons in the Yugoslav First League and reaching the Yugoslav Cup final in 1947 and 1949. While the Yugoslav Air Force created its club in Serbia in Zemun, a suburb of the capital Belgrade, the 1332:
but they managed to stay at that level just two seasons. In 1969 they were playing third level, the Serbian Republic League, and were struggling financially. It was then that Galenika decided to take over the club and by merging it with its own minor club they formed FK Galenika Zemun. The company
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is the term used by the UCI to name a cycling team of the highest category in professional road cycling and many have been backed by commercial brands to such an extent that the team name became interchangeable with the commercial brand behind it. Until the mid-1950s professional cycling sponsorship
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was founded as a local iron factory SARTID football team. The club will be known by the company name since its foundation, in 1924, until 1944 when it became nationalised. In 1992, it will restore the name Sartid just as the club ownership returned to the Sartid metallurgical company and this state
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Many works teams, factory teams or student teams were started to give staff or students some exercise and entertainment and eventually became professional teams without actually having workers, factory workers or students in their squads, but retained their original names to reflect their historical
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Amateur baseball leagues exist all over Japan, with many teams sponsored by companies. Amateur baseball is governed by the Japan Amateur Baseball Association (JABA). Players on these teams are employed by their sponsoring companies and receive salaries as company employees, not as baseball players.
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In the Soviet Union there were officially no professional footballers as everyone supposedly lived in the country of working people. So the Soviet footballers were officially on the books of big Soviet industrial giants or state agencies and were officially paid by those employers as their workers
1384:, and named it NK Mornar Split. However, just as Naša Krila, the club lived shortly, it was formed in 1946 and disbanded two years later and by the 1960s a new club, which was formed by a merger of a number of smaller ones, was making its way to the highlights of Yugoslav football. 1327:
in Yugoslavia and one of the major of all South-Eastern Europe. The company owned a small club, FK Galenika, however by the late 1960s they decided to play a bigger role in football. FK Jedinstvo Zemun was at time the leading club in the city. In 1962 they achieved promotion to the
1610:'s first electric company. For several decades, Emelec's players and directors were employees in the company, though such involvement decreased gradually until the company eventually folded in the 2000s (decade), the club being de facto autonomous for decades before. 1828:
brand because the riders used Nivea products to soften the chamois in their shorts. When Magni signed the cosmetic company as his team's title sponsor, he spearheaded a new trend in cycling where teams became part and parcel of many companies' marketing strategy.
110:, university/college sports teams are in many instances fully-integrated in the same national sports league or championship system where amateur, semi-professional and professional teams and athletes compete in one of many divisions of the system's pyramid. 660:(Hungary) comes from a Hungarian contract electronics manufacturer. The club, founded in 1941 by the defence manufacturing company Székesfehérvári Vadásztölténygyár, was made up of workers of the local factory in its early years. 284:
is based in Horseed, Somalia. A seven-time champion of the Somalia League, it is a former army team. Other works teams that have played in the Somali football leagues include Banaadir Telecom, Ports Authority, and Somali Police.
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was founded in 1907, when the city of Cluj-Napoca was part of Austro-Hungarian Empire, under the name Cluj Railway Sports Club (Kolozsvári Vasutas Sport Club). From 1907 to 1910, the team played in the municipal championship.
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which kept tight links with the railways company. Željezničar Sarajevo, ŽAK Subotica and Spartak Subotica are the railways-backed clubs with best performances in the league, but besides these there were many others such as
1427:(formed by the owner of a local clothing factory Tri Zvezde, it was named since its foundation in 1924 till 1950 as SK Tri Zvezde and during that time most of the players of the squad were also employees at the factory). 1662:, are company teams which employ the name of their owners in their official team names and logos. Other company teams belonging to major corporations competing in the main Japanese professional baseball leagues include 1526:, in the Province of the same name. The club was founded under the name "Club Deportivo Tipoiti" on 14 December 1952, by a group of textile workers from the Tipoiti textile factory in Corrientes, Argentina. Because the 239:
The National Public Safety Football League is a modern-day example of a league of works teams, with each team in the league consisting of employees of a public department (usually police or fire) in a given city.
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When they meet certain criteria, college and university teams, also known sometimes as student teams, competing in semi-professional or professional leagues and championships, instead of exclusively competing in
892:, SC Arsenal Kyiv, which fielded a number of teams in various sports such as association football and hockey, among others. In 2001, there was an attempt to revive the club by the Kyiv city authorities (see 2706: 1224:) was a club formed and backed throughout its existence by the railways company. It was dissolved in 1945. In its place the new socialist authorities which replaced the monarchy in Yugoslavia formed 1075:
from Somerset, England, was formed in 1889 as Bath A.F.C. The team changed its name to Bath Railway in 1902, before settling on the name Bath City F.C. Included among Scottish amateur works teams are
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Most professional sports teams in the Philippines until recently, have been owned by companies, and leagues are exclusively participated at by these teams. Examples of such leagues include the
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The level of play in these leagues is very competitive; Industrial League players are often selected to represent Japan in international tournaments and Major League Baseball players such as
783:. A multisport club, besides top flight football, it housed competitive rink hockey, cycling and rowing teams and departments, among others. The club, which was a major contender in the main 2457: 704:
in March 1886 by workers from the Ulster Spinning Company's Linfield Mill. Originally named the Linfield Athletic Club, its playing ground, "the Meadow", was situated behind the mill.
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was limited to manufacturing companies in the bicycle business. In 1954, when the European post-war bike boom ended, European bike companies became financially stressed. In 1953, the
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still in the 1930s. However, two decades after the end of the Second World War, the city had just a big number of small lower-leagues clubs. At that time Zemun was also home of
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national fourth division; the J. League specifically bars works teams from its ranks unless they professionalise and adopt the community they play in as a source of fan support.
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became owned in 1949 by the labour union of the railways company. The link between the club and the railways was kept ever since with their followers even nowadays are known as
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was, from 1939 to 1947, called Athletic Aviación de Madrid, having merged with Aviación Nacional of Zaragoza, founded in 1939 by members of the Spanish Air Force.
1315:, was known for many home-born notable players and some more or less successful football clubs ever since first half of the 1920s. SK Sparta Zemun played in the 1135:. The name Željezničar means "railway worker", given because it was established by a group of railway workers. Another working-class football club from Bosnia is 304:
are examples of two works teams which were the teams of two textile companies. In addition, two major teams of the railway network also achieved notoriety – the
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became known during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s as FK Mladost GOŠA because at that period the club was backed by the GOŠA, a former train wagons factory from
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did not accept commercial company names, the club had to change its name to "Club Deportivo Mandiyú", which means cotton in the indigenous language of
2322: 1289: 1181: 3148: 1811:. Examples of this have been found in many different geographical locations and markets around the world and throughout the history of the sport. 3174: 1436: 3295: 228:
food starch company of Decatur, Illinois, as a company team under the name 'Decatur Staleys'. Today, A.E. Staley is an American subsidiary of
2707:"GD Fabril: "Um clube operário que deixou de ser fortemente operário, após o 25 de abril. Tornou-se meio burguês, a coberto de ser popular"" 3403: 2048: 2144: 3320: 2052: 803:
which was the works team of the Riopele textile factory, as well as the sport club established by the Argozelo Mines in 1975 and called
609:). Most of them are still company teams owned by the company which founded the sports club in the past. Founded, sponsored and owned by 1015:
A few amateur and semi-professional United Kingdom association football (soccer) works teams retain their companies' names, including
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by 2026. In the 2010s, many works teams, also known as factory-backed teams in the context of motorsport, entered the newly created
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and the railways simbol is part of club's logo. In Slovenia the railways had one club in each one of the two main Slovenian cites,
1803:(UCI) professional cycling teams are owned, sponsored and managed by companies in order to raise awareness about those companies' 309: 900:
was originally formed by the Elvorti Factory personnel and after the Communist revolution it was renamed along with the factory.
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in Zenica. Being a mineral-rich country, with many mines all over Bosnia, led to establishment of several clubs named FK Rudar (
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was founded as Sport Alianza in 1901 by workers in the Alianza Racing Horse Stud, then property of two-time President of Peru
1807:. These cycling teams are usually named after those companies and brands in a premeditated attempt to boost those companies' 1760: 925: 3122: 2785: 2102: 2090: 2004: 1583: 2656:"Billionaire family that controls Ferrari denies 'groundless' rumors that Italian soccer giants Juventus are up for sale" 2602: 2297: 1574:(energy drink industry) are examples of football teams established and backed by companies, also known as company teams. 1099:, while Glynhill Moorcroft A.F.C. began as Babcock & Wilcox F.C., the works team of the Renfrew engineering company. 417: 2987: 2945: 2880: 1511: 1450: 708:
was created as Distillery by employees of Dunville's Royal Irish Distillery in Grosvenor Street, Belfast in July 1879.
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In China, there are several works teams or company teams playing in the top professional competitions. These include
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is owned by Japanese restaurant operator Onodera Group (which became also a majority shareholder of Portuguese club
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There are many other cases in Serbia, specially among medium-size clubs and their main local companies, such as
2988:"Softbank's baseball team in Japan replaced fans with robots in the stands as the season starts without crowds" 2224: 2014: 1824:
that it would be unable to maintain the team in the following season. Magni was well-connected with the German
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Company teams are owned, sponsored and managed by companies in order to raise awareness about those companies'
1337:. Playing in the Yugoslav top level, during the 1980s the club played side-by-side with the big ones such as 305: 1800: 1701: 1415:(known as FK Sloboda Point Sevojno after its merger with FK Sevojno in 2010 and backing from Point company), 1354: 1064: 425: 2062: 648:), are examples of notable works or company teams from France linked to well-known multinational companies. 79:, a works team or factory team is a manufacturer that builds its own car or motorbike including the engine. 3418: 2044: 1985:
while competing in the main top level leagues and championships of their countries instead of competing in
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European former works teams that later would become noteworthy professional company teams include those of
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that was originally formed as factory team of Bryanka Factory (today Dnipropetrovsk Metallurgical Plant).
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PLC, a British company that produces a range of starch products for the food, paper and other industries,
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The best well known success story of a company and football club connection in Yugoslavia was the one of
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workshops under the name of Asociația culturală și sportivă CFR ("CFR Cultural and Sports Association").
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Several Argentinian clubs began life as the works teams of British-owned railway companies, including
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traces its roots to the Football Association of the Gorlovka Artillery Works (FOGAZ). In times of the
2034: 2024: 1998: 1481:, an industrial cement company. The team was formed on 22 May 1927 by some of the company's workers. 1250: 1076: 1028: 469: 3067: 1246: 800: 760: 633: 578: 3016: 1982: 1934: 1611: 1507: 1284:, which was formed in 1933 as SK BATA Borovo. The club was formed as the promotional team for the 1044: 1016: 877: 873: 804: 523:
company. There are many other teams in Iran that are factory, company and workers teams including,
337: 233: 202: 94:) owns more than one team named after it competing in different sports or even in the same sport. 3200: 301: 3443: 2566:"From Cliff Diving To Formula One and Football: How Red Bull Built A World-Class Sporting Empire" 1419:(also known as ČSK Pivara, owned and closely related throughout its history by beer manufacturer 1088: 848:, formed on 23 December 1889 by Dr. William Alexander Mackay and British workers employed by the 780: 705: 673: 540: 520: 445: 248: 138: 49: 2680: 2430: 1841:
as the most successful cycling team of all time, with a large margin on the second placed team,
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section: Возобновување (1945–1949), at FK Rabotnički official website, Retrieved 4 March 2016
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is based in the capital of Transnistria, was founded by the Sheriff security company in 1997.
86:, being usually named after those companies and brands as part and parcel of those companies' 2535: 2403:"In Europe, you don't play high school or college sports. Some think U.S. should follow suit" 2070: 1941:
in 1953 changed motorsport deeply and was marked by the establishment of teams like Ferrari,
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Recent developments saw the emergence of leagues with teams based on localities, such as the
1687: 1372:), which existed only for three years between 1947 and 1950, and was formed and owned by the 1316: 1068: 949: 937: 685: 544: 512: 393: 385: 289: 194: 16:
Sports team that is financed and run by a manufacturer or other organization in a broad sense
1791:, the largest telecommunications service provider in the country. It was dissolved in 2003. 1626:
tribes that they encountered while prospecting for oil in the Ecuadorian Amazonian jungles.
824: 1966: 1817: 1563: 1080: 1024: 993: 965: 921: 881: 845: 792: 622: 461: 329: 2859: 1639: 1515: 920:). At the KryvbasOre (today Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Association) were created such teams like 8: 2170:"42 Football Teams With Sponsor Names - Update With 15 New Teams & Sponsors Industry" 1663: 1571: 1411:(known since summer 2014 as FK Javor Matis due to its backing from local Matis company), 1403:(known as Čukarički Stankom between 2001 and 2011 when it was owned by Stankom company), 1274: 1225: 1198: 1060: 917: 909: 748: 586: 524: 361: 357: 269: 190: 1981:
A number of college and university teams around the world have played professionally or
1412: 1112: 3072: 2629: 2094: 1858: 1808: 1519: 1503: 1462: 1373: 1032: 1020: 1001: 614: 602: 473: 457: 87: 41: 1420: 1293: 1136: 1127:(English: Football Club Željezničar) is a Bosnian professional football club based in 861: 2811: 2610: 2465: 2080: 2074: 1930: 1635: 1619: 1424: 1408: 1400: 1388: 1350: 1338: 1270: 1213: 1173: 1169: 772: 717: 669: 321: 277: 252: 209: 1297: 1253:
in Bosnia. In other parts of Yugoslavia there are other cases, in North Macedonia,
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obtained its name through company sponsorship from a meat packing company named the
2961: 2589: 2374:"RB Leipzig and Red Bull Salzburg to compete in Champions League after UEFA ruling" 1922: 1788: 1531: 1346: 913: 901: 492: 421: 405: 381: 244: 2760:"Florgrade. A lei da rolha é outra num futebol que vê a floresta além das árvores" 2056: 1614:
is another important works team in Ecuador. Historically the most popular team in
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became noted examples of European company teams at the start of the 21st century.
557:, a Taiwanese professional football club based in Taipei, was affiliated with the 2949: 1976: 1958: 1862: 1838: 1723: 1495: 1458: 1407:(known as FK Hajduk Rodić during the period it was backed by the Rodić company), 1177: 1009: 905: 893: 889: 849: 776: 441: 198: 2101:
company, merged with Cardiff Metropolitan University to form the club in 2000);
1730:), have been discovered by professional clubs while playing industrial baseball. 1296:
himself. The company had already earlier in 1922 became owner of the Czech club
1217: 1027:. Other former and current amateur and semi-professional UK works teams include 3225: 2123: 2040: 1986: 1889: 1845:(started by Alcyon, a French bicycle, automobile and motorcycle manufacturer). 1821: 1715: 1667: 1659: 1404: 1381: 1072: 558: 465: 377: 341: 229: 99: 20: 2348: 1953:, which began to enter multiple factory backed cars or works cars to compete. 1833:, a fully-fledged factory team or company team in cycling by definition since 1542:
In Brazil, clubs that were born as works teams include São Paulo Railway (now
733: 102:, have been considered works teams as well. In some regions of the world like 3397: 2942: 2614: 2469: 1954: 1950: 1870: 1812: 1691: 1555: 1454: 1392:
of affairs will remain till 2004, the year the company, by then now owned by
1377: 1320: 1005: 985: 812: 697: 677: 645: 610: 606: 594: 570: 429: 365: 273: 221: 217: 107: 91: 37: 33: 2895: 2812:"Florgrade FC :: Portugal :: Perfil da Equipa :: zerozero.pt" 3321:"Cassidy ends Formula E season by clinching team championship for Envision" 3269: 2323:"The issues with multi-club ownership: City Football Group, Red Bull, more" 1787:, Portugal. The club, a company team, was founded in 1996 and was owned by 1711: 1334: 981: 977: 941: 933: 885: 876:
clubs in Ukraine trace their roots to factory teams among several there is
808: 796: 689: 516: 496: 333: 225: 53: 1618:, Aucas was founded and initially integrated and financed by employees of 3044: 2250:"What Football Teams Are Named After a Sponsor? | Football Betting Sites" 2118: 2028: 1926: 1877: 1727: 1342: 788: 764: 721: 681: 657: 554: 532: 528: 437: 401: 3347:"London E-Prix: Envision defeats Jaguar to claim Formula E teams' title" 2492:"State players find pro football opportunities in a new frontier: Japan" 2458:"The history of works teams: from Atlético Madrid to British Airways FC" 247:, the highest level of American football in Japan; examples include the 3244:"Where are Formula 1 teams based? Mercedes, Ferrari, Red Bull and more" 1918: 1894: 1854: 1780: 1719: 1707: 1675: 1523: 1393: 1285: 1281: 1156: 968:
clubs in the United Kingdom were also formed as works teams, including
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in November 2022) and thus can be described as a company team as well.
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Uruguay has one of the best known clubs that began as a works team:
127: 2098: 1962: 1906: 1623: 1312: 1304: 1128: 989: 832: 725: 484: 353: 2145:"A history of work teams: The famous clubs with roots in industry" 613:, which uses the sports teams as part and parcel of its products' 3149:"O «adeus» da Portugal Telecom numa final com história garantida" 1834: 1683: 1586:, or just CURCC, which was the basis for the later foundation of 916:). There also was a factory team of the Donetsk Steel Works (see 637: 582: 574: 45: 2510:"Kazuyoshi Miura extends Portuguese second-division stint at 56" 1957:
entered Formula One in 2005 after creating its own company team
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even though never performing functions for what they were paid.
1184:, while other clubs are simply called FK Radnik or FK Radnički ( 811:, established in 2014, was founded and is owned by a Portuguese 392:. The highest league Japanese works teams can compete in is the 1925:
is a notable example of a works team or factory-backed team in
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was formed at the October Revolution Locomotive Factory (today
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Professional or semi-professional college and university teams
767:, founded as a true works team in 1937. It was located in the 2917:(in Slovenian). Železničarsko Športno Društvo. Archived from 2883:
at gradsubotica.co.rs, 9 January 2011, retirved 4 March 2016
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which is owned by the Ukrainian aircraft engine manufacturer
590: 488: 83: 236:, crystalline fructose, and other agro-industrial products. 2964:
at FC Fastav Zlín official website, Retrieved 4 March 2016
1961:, and in 2022 had started the development of comprehensive 1380:
created their club in Croatia, in the major Yugoslav port,
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The best teams in these circuits are determined via the
3372:"Formula E launches Manufacturers' Trophy in Season 10" 2734:""Quando demos por ela, estávamos na primeira divisão"" 1883: 1300:
which was known between 1924 and 1948 as SK Bata Zlin.
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which was once the works team of Vallacar Transit Inc.
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Milorad Sijić: "Football in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia"
2198:"Where Aston fits in the great F1 'works team' debate" 2097:
which was once called Inter CableTel A.F.C. after the
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founded the team and produced its bikes, is listed on
1658:, a prominent professional baseball team owned by the 724:
were respectively known for years as company teams of
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Current and former works teams in South Korea include
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Currently the strongest works teams are in Asia. The
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Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association
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all had their origins as a factory or works team. In
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was formed at the Kharkiv Locomotive Factory (today
3175:"PT acaba com equipas profissionais de basquetebol" 1360:One of those minor clubs that emerged in Zemun was 1220:(Železničarski atletski klub Subotica, translation 1155:, which was founded by the workers of the iron and 732:. Actual company or works teams from Italy include 288:A number of works teams were founded in the former 1965:capabilities in order to secure the production of 511:In Iran current and former work teams include the 499:are other examples of company teams. In the past, 2786:"Florgrade FC: quando o futebol nasce da cortiça" 1598:In Ecuador, a perfect example of a works team is 984:(formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the 515:, affiliated with a steel factory in Isfahan and 336:(formerly The Cong), or the football team of the 268:Former and current works teams in Africa include 243:This tradition is continued by some teams in the 3395: 3068:"Japanese Are Irked by U.S. Interest in Pitcher" 3066:Schwarz, Alan; Lefton, Brad (19 November 2008). 2273:"Why are there soccer teams with company names?" 1292:and it was founded by the BATA company founder, 856:, started as a team made up of workers from the 201:, and eventually became a charter member of the 3040:"Contract loophole opened door for Nomo's jump" 1704:and the Industrial League national tournament. 1212:More clubs in former Yugoslavia were formed by 356:clubs starting life as a member of the amateur 2976:Fudbal u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji, Sijić, p. 173 1437:Voluntary Sports Societies of the Soviet Union 827:was founded in 1923 by a group workers of the 805:Centro Cultural e Desportivo Minas de Argozelo 352:Works teams are common in Japan, with several 298:Grupo Desportivo da Companhia Têxtil do Punguè 3296:"Horner Shares Secrets To Red Bull's Success" 3065: 888:until the 1960s in Kyiv was a sports club of 320:Current and former Asian works teams include 185:Works teams were common in the early days of 3201:"list of cycling team sponsors, old and new" 3096:"MLB, Japanese are headed for a bidding war" 1779:, commonly known as Portugal Telecom, was a 1590:, one of the top two clubs in that country. 1102: 448:are prominent company teams in South Korea. 2840:. Huelvabuenasnoticias.com. 7 February 2014 1269:. In relation with railways, Serbian club 422:Gyeongju Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power FC 36:posing with the European Cup together with 2766:(in European Portuguese). 7 September 2023 1311:, a city just in the outskirts of capital 193:were a famous works team; it consisted of 2881:Otkud ime "Plavi golubovi" i BLUE MARINES 1937:teams exist as well. The creation of the 1473:One of the most popular teams in Mexico, 168:Learn how and when to remove this message 2731: 2298:"Red Bull soccer teams around the world" 2225:"The 8 Biggest Brand Sponsors in Sports" 1893: 1465:is a well-known company team in the US. 1111: 1107: 294:that Portuguese-speaking African country 292:that still are currently major teams in 27: 3093: 3037: 2603:"Parmalat Prepares to Sell Soccer Team" 2222: 1973:open-wheel electric motorsport series. 258: 3396: 2985: 2400: 2270: 1430: 1216:employees, for instance, Serbian club 3123:"Primeiro título da Portugal Telecom" 2559: 2557: 2489: 2455: 2425: 2423: 2396: 2394: 2142: 1761:Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League 1518:, also referred to as Mandiyú, is an 844:The oldest football club in Spain is 2601:News, Bloomberg (30 December 2003). 2600: 2349:"Who owns your Premier League club?" 2192: 2190: 2107:University of Stirling Football Club 2091:Cardiff Metropolitan University F.C. 2005:Beijing Institute of Technology F.C. 1884:Works or factory teams in motorsport 1584:Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club 180: 150:adding citations to reliable sources 121: 3404:Terminology used in multiple sports 3038:Whiting, Robert (10 October 2010). 3014: 2431:"Do European colleges have sports?" 2223:Hussain, Khizer (2 December 2023). 1995:Club Deportivo Universidad Católica 1546:), Cotonifício Rodolfo Crespi (now 1186: 1161: 1144: 672:a number of early clubs, including 418:Busan Transportation Corporation FC 216:and its employee and team founder, 90:. Sometimes a single company (e.g. 13: 2732:Pimentel, Tiago (3 January 2020). 2554: 2420: 2391: 2271:Ovalle, Jorge (17 December 2018). 1558:, formed by railway workers), and 1457:wins, was the factory team of the 1396:, left the direction of the club. 1280:Other cases in Yugoslavia include 1049:Stewarts & Lloyds Corby A.F.C. 290:Portuguese territory of Mozambique 14: 3465: 2563: 2401:Miller, Andrew (7 October 2018). 2187: 2103:Queen's University Belfast A.F.C. 1901:, a joint factory-backed team of 1873:has a team in the Korean league. 1746:Philippine Basketball Association 1461:Corporation in Pennsylvania. The 1453:, which holds a record number of 1116:The locomotive at the stadium of 959: 716:In Italy, football teams such as 3439:Works association football teams 3409:Association football terminology 3293: 2704: 2536:"How Red Bull Reinvented Soccer" 2143:Evans, Chris (6 November 2020). 2011:University College Dublin A.F.C. 1857:in Japan features teams such as 1818:Ganna bike company's racing team 1622:. They named the club after the 1484: 1445: 974:Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway 952:traces its roots to the team of 932:traces its roots to the team of 787:, was disbanded and replaced by 785:Portuguese Football Championship 489:Dempo Mining Corporation Limited 126: 67:, sometimes also referred to as 3364: 3339: 3313: 3287: 3262: 3236: 3218: 3193: 3167: 3141: 3115: 3087: 3059: 3031: 3017:"Inside the Industrial Leagues" 2979: 2970: 2955: 2936: 2904: 2889: 2874: 2852: 2830: 2804: 2778: 2752: 2725: 2698: 2673: 2648: 2594: 2590:V.R. Distillery Cricket Club 2583: 2528: 2502: 2483: 2449: 2366: 2045:Associação Académica de Coimbra 2021:Club Universidad de Guadalajara 1650:In Japan, teams playing in the 1552:Sport Club Corinthians Paulista 1479:Cooperativa La Cruz Azul S.C.L. 1222:Railways athletic club Subotica 1041:United Services Portsmouth F.C. 1037:Harrogate Railway Athletic F.C. 197:employees, including the famed 137:needs additional citations for 3376:The Official Home of Formula E 2341: 2315: 2290: 2264: 2242: 2216: 2162: 2136: 2015:University College Cork A.F.C. 1987:university/college level sport 1848: 1739: 1528:Argentine Football Association 1120:, formed by railway employees. 940:is another football team from 656:The name of the football club 487:is owned and sponsored by the 411: 100:university/college level sport 19:For the motorsports term, see 1: 2129: 1939:World Sports Car Championship 1801:Union Cycliste Internationale 1770: 1734: 1702:intercity baseball tournament 1604:Empresa Eléctrica del Ecuador 1512:Club Atlético Central Córdoba 1355:First League of FR Yugoslavia 1065:Stocksbridge Park Steels F.C. 1012:(formerly Ferranti Thistle). 795:. Other examples include the 426:Ulsan Hyundai Mipo Dolphin FC 3181:(in Portuguese). 28 May 2003 3094:Marantz, Ken (6 June 1996). 2860:"Osnivanje kluba – FKZ" 2456:Evans, Chris (1 July 2019). 1911:Grand Prix motorcycle racing 1754:Philippine Basketball League 1680:Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles 1672:Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters 1652:Nippon Professional Baseball 1489: 1004:, founded by workers of the 815:company with the same name. 759:The Portuguese conglomerate 7: 2490:Beard, Rod (8 April 2020). 2112: 2085:University of Pretoria F.C. 1899:Red Bull KTM Factory Racing 1645: 1602:, which was founded by the 1477:, is a works team owned by 1097:Burntisland Shipyard A.F.C. 754: 388:Co., Ltd. Soccer Club) and 374:Mitsubishi Motors Mizushima 368:). Modern examples include 306:Clube Ferroviário de Maputo 117: 10: 3470: 1887: 1794: 1765:National Basketball League 1593: 1577: 1434: 1125:Fudbalski klub Željezničar 1057:Atherton Collieries A.F.C. 867: 818: 743: 663: 651: 642:Evian Thonon Gaillard F.C. 559:Tatung electronics company 310:Clube Ferroviário da Beira 296:(independent since 1975). 18: 2025:Club Universidad Nacional 1999:Club Universidad de Chile 1929:. Several factory-backed 1537: 1468: 1103:Former European countries 1077:Inverurie Loco Works F.C. 1029:Crawley Down Gatwick F.C. 833:Fotbal Club CFR 1907 Cluj 628: 564: 549: 470:Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C. 263: 3424:Rugby league terminology 3129:(in European Portuguese) 3015:Ryo (2 September 2009). 2792:(in European Portuguese) 2067:FC Politehnica Timișoara 1935:World Rally Championship 1612:Sociedad Deportiva Aucas 1508:Club Ferrocarril Midland 1045:Metropolitan Police F.C. 1008:, and the Scottish team 878:FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk 874:Ukrainian Premier League 839: 797:Grupo Desportivo Riopele 711: 503:was owned by JCT Mills. 479: 451: 347: 234:high-fructose corn syrup 203:National Football League 3429:Rugby union terminology 3270:"Mille Miglia Archives" 3226:"All-time Team Ranking" 1629: 1267:NK Železničar Ljubljana 1073:Bath City Football Club 793:a military coup in 1974 781:Grupo Desportivo da CUF 763:(CUF) had also its own 740:company Feralpi Group. 706:Lisburn Distillery F.C. 541:F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran 506: 446:Suwon Samsung Bluewings 315: 224:was established by the 50:1988 European Cup Final 3449:Sports clubs and teams 3434:Motorsport terminology 3414:Basketball terminology 1914: 1831:Peugeot's cycling team 1777:Clube Portugal Telecom 1656:Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks 1570:(cotton industry) and 1330:Yugoslav Second League 1325:pharmaceutical company 1133:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1121: 1093:White's Chemical Works 1085:Ravenscraig steelworks 1053:Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1006:Singer bicycle company 930:FC Metalurh Zaporizhia 898:FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi 801:Vila Nova de Famalicão 761:Companhia União Fabril 634:FC Sochaux-Montbéliard 579:FC Sochaux-Montbéliard 537:Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. 434:Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors 364:, who were originally 326:Thai Farmers Bank F.C. 214:Indian Packing Company 60: 2071:FC Universitatea Cluj 1897: 1688:Tokyo Yakult Swallows 1566:(concrete industry), 1435:Further information: 1317:Yugoslav First League 1263:NK Železničar Maribor 1115: 1108:Former SFR Yugoslavia 1069:Cardiff Civil Service 964:Several professional 950:FC Torpedo Zaporizhia 938:FC Motor Zaporizhzhia 926:FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih 545:Gol Gohar Sirjan F.C. 513:Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C. 394:Japan Football League 386:Otsuka Pharmaceutical 338:Vietnam People's Army 302:Textáfrica do Chimoio 195:Pennsylvania Railroad 187:professional football 31: 2912:"80 letnica društva" 2035:FC Academia Chișinău 1905:and company team of 1876:In United Kingdom's 1451:Bethlehem Steel F.C. 1239:Železničar Smederevo 1081:Colville Park A.F.C. 922:FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih 882:FC Shakhtar Horlivka 846:Recreativo de Huelva 674:St James's Gate F.C. 623:FC Red Bull Salzburg 462:Changchun Yatai F.C. 384:(founded in 1955 as 330:Krung Thai Bank F.C. 259:Association football 146:improve this article 3419:Cricket terminology 2948:12 May 2012 at the 2063:FC Politehnica Iași 2047:(student's union); 2043:(student's union); 1983:semi-professionally 1967:its own powertrains 1820:told its top rider 1748:, and formerly the 1676:Nippon Ham Co., Ltd 1664:Chiba Lotte Marines 1572:Red Bull Bragantino 1500:Talleres de Córdoba 1431:Former Soviet Union 1362:SK Naša Krila Zemun 1275:Smederevska Palanka 1243:Železničar Lajkovac 1235:Železničar Belgrade 1226:FK Spartak Subotica 1207:FK Radnički Lukavac 1199:FK Radnik Bijeljina 1061:Prescot Cables F.C. 918:FC Metalurh Donetsk 910:FC Metalist Kharkiv 858:Seville Water Works 799:founded in 1958 in 749:FC Sheriff Tiraspol 525:Aluminium Arak F.C. 362:Yokohama F. Marinos 358:Japan Soccer League 270:Arab Contractors SC 191:Columbus Panhandles 3454:Sports terminology 3230:cyclingranking.com 3073:The New York Times 2986:Meisenzahl, Mary. 2862:. fkzeljeznicar.ba 2640:has generic name ( 2607:The New York Times 2277:LatinAmerican Post 2252:. 15 December 2021 2095:Inter Cardiff F.C. 1915: 1859:Suntory Sungoliath 1839:cyclingranking.com 1809:marketing strategy 1712:Shin-Nitetsu Sakai 1654:leagues, like the 1520:Argentine football 1504:Ferro Carril Oeste 1463:New York Red Bulls 1374:Yugoslav Air Force 1122: 1089:Shawfield Amateurs 1033:Civil Service F.C. 615:marketing strategy 603:FC Carl Zeiss Jena 474:Shanghai Port F.C. 458:Beijing Guoan F.C. 88:marketing strategy 61: 40:, chairman of the 3248:www.autosport.com 2542:. 20 October 2022 2435:Beyond The States 2204:. 7 February 2020 2081:Bidvest Wits F.C. 1989:, this includes: 1931:motorcycle racing 1694:), among others. 1640:Augusto B. Leguía 1636:Club Alianza Lima 1620:Royal Dutch Shell 1516:Deportivo Mandiyú 1425:FK Mladost Apatin 1409:FK Javor Ivanjica 1389:FK Smederevo 1924 1343:Partizan Belgrade 1271:GFK Jasenica 1911 1251:Željezničar Doboj 1249:, in Serbia, and 1214:Yugoslav Railways 1203:FK Radnik Hadžići 1174:FK Rudar Ugljevik 1170:FK Rudar Prijedor 972:(the team of the 970:Manchester United 850:Rio Tinto Company 779:, and was called 773:industrial suburb 670:League of Ireland 322:Nepal Police Club 278:AS Police (Benin) 272:of Egypt (also a 253:Fujitsu Frontiers 210:Green Bay Packers 181:American football 178: 177: 170: 3461: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3205:bikeraceinfo.com 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3012: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2992:Business Insider 2983: 2977: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2959: 2953: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2923: 2916: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2681:"Executive Team" 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2639: 2635: 2633: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2598: 2592: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2561: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2496:The Detroit News 2487: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2427: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2407:Post and Courier 2398: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2194: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2140: 2089:United Kingdom: 1923:Scuderia Ferrari 1789:Portugal Telecom 1413:FK Sloboda Užice 1196: 1192: 1188: 1167: 1163: 1150: 1146: 998:Thames Ironworks 914:Malyshev Factory 902:FC Zorya Luhansk 694:Northern Ireland 686:Midland Athletic 587:Bayer Leverkusen 493:ASEB Sports Club 390:Maruyasu Okazaki 382:Tokushima Vortis 173: 166: 162: 159: 153: 130: 122: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3381: 3379: 3378:. 15 March 2024 3370: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3325:The Independent 3319: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3292: 3288: 3278: 3276: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3250:. 5 August 2022 3242: 3241: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3155:(in Portuguese) 3147: 3146: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3064: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3036: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3013: 3006: 2996: 2994: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2965: 2960: 2956: 2950:Wayback Machine 2941: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2924:on 4 March 2016 2921: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2900:(in Macedonian) 2899: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2818:(in Portuguese) 2816:www.zerozero.pt 2810: 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2740:(in Portuguese) 2730: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2713:(in Portuguese) 2703: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2637: 2636: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2617: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2562: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2519: 2517: 2514:The Japan Times 2508: 2507: 2503: 2488: 2484: 2474: 2472: 2454: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2437:. 12 April 2023 2429: 2428: 2421: 2411: 2409: 2399: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2332: 2330: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2306: 2304: 2302:InsideSport.com 2296: 2295: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2269: 2265: 2255: 2253: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2221: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2188: 2178: 2176: 2174:Footy Headlines 2168: 2167: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2115: 1979: 1959:Red Bull Racing 1892: 1886: 1863:Toyota Verblitz 1851: 1797: 1773: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1731: 1724:Kosuke Fukudome 1648: 1632: 1596: 1580: 1540: 1522:club, based in 1496:Rosario Central 1492: 1487: 1471: 1459:Bethlehem Steel 1448: 1439: 1433: 1421:Pivara Čelarevo 1195: Worker's 1194: 1193: – transl. 1190: 1178:FK Rudar Kakanj 1166: FC Miner 1165: 1149: FC Steel 1148: 1110: 1105: 1025:Vauxhall Motors 994:West Ham United 962: 906:Luhanskteplovoz 894:FC Arsenal Kyiv 890:Arsenal Factory 870: 862:Atlético Madrid 842: 825:Rapid Bucharest 821: 757: 746: 714: 700:was founded in 666: 654: 631: 567: 552: 509: 482: 454: 442:Seoul E-Land FC 414: 350: 318: 266: 261: 230:Tate & Lyle 199:Nesser Brothers 183: 174: 163: 157: 154: 143: 131: 120: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3467: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3444:Sports culture 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3390: 3389: 3363: 3338: 3327:. 30 July 2023 3312: 3286: 3261: 3235: 3217: 3192: 3166: 3140: 3114: 3086: 3058: 3030: 3004: 2978: 2969: 2954: 2935: 2903: 2888: 2873: 2851: 2829: 2803: 2777: 2764:www.bancada.pt 2751: 2724: 2697: 2672: 2647: 2593: 2582: 2564:Ayles, James. 2553: 2527: 2516:. 12 July 2023 2501: 2482: 2448: 2419: 2390: 2365: 2340: 2329:. 14 July 2023 2314: 2289: 2263: 2241: 2215: 2186: 2161: 2149:The Set Pieces 2134: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2124:Factory-backed 2121: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2087: 2079:South Africa: 2077: 2059: 2041:AEIS Agronomia 2037: 2031: 2017: 2007: 2001: 1978: 1975: 1890:Factory-backed 1888:Main article: 1885: 1882: 1850: 1847: 1822:Fiorenzo Magni 1796: 1793: 1783:team based in 1772: 1769: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1716:Junichi Tazawa 1697: 1696: 1668:Lotte Holdings 1660:SoftBank Group 1647: 1644: 1631: 1628: 1595: 1592: 1579: 1576: 1539: 1536: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1470: 1467: 1447: 1444: 1432: 1429: 1405:FK Hajduk Kula 1247:Železničar Niš 1191: Laborer 1182:FK Rudar Breza 1118:FK Željezničar 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 961: 960:United Kingdom 958: 869: 866: 841: 838: 820: 817: 756: 753: 745: 742: 713: 710: 665: 662: 653: 650: 630: 627: 566: 563: 551: 548: 521:Mobarake Steel 508: 505: 481: 478: 466:Guangzhou F.C. 453: 450: 413: 410: 406:UD Oliveirense 349: 346: 342:United City FC 317: 314: 265: 262: 260: 257: 182: 179: 176: 175: 134: 132: 125: 119: 116: 48:, after their 21:Factory-backed 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3466: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3352: 3351:Autocar India 3348: 3342: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3301: 3297: 3290: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3249: 3245: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3154: 3150: 3144: 3128: 3127:www.record.pt 3124: 3118: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3062: 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Index

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PSV
Frits Philips
BOD
Philips
1988 European Cup Final
Benfica
Stuttgart
motorsport
brands
marketing strategy
Red Bull GmbH
university/college level sport
Europe
Latin America

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professional football
Columbus Panhandles
Pennsylvania Railroad
Nesser Brothers
National Football League
Green Bay Packers
Indian Packing Company
Curly Lambeau
Chicago Bears

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