2332:
vote, United
Nations Global Technical Regulations (UN GTRs) in a UN Global Registry. The UN GTRs contain globally harmonized performance requirements and test procedures. Each UN GTR contains extensive notes on its development. The text includes a record of the technical rationale, the research sources used, cost and benefit considerations, and references to data consulted. The Contracting Parties use their nationally established rulemaking processes when transposing UN GTRs into their national legislation. The 1998 Agreement currently has 33 Contracting Parties and 14 UN GTRs that have been established into the UN Global Registry. Manufacturers and suppliers cannot use directly the UN GTRs as these are intended to serve the Countries and require transposition in national or regional law.
2287:
with all applicable federal or Canada Motor
Vehicle Safety, bumper and antitheft standards. No prior verification is required by a governmental agency or authorised testing entity before the vehicle or equipment can be imported, sold, or used. If reason develops to believe the certification was false or improper — i.e., that the vehicle or equipment does not in fact comply — then authorities may conduct tests and, if a noncompliance is found, order a recall and/or other corrective and/or punitive measures. Vehicle and equipment makers are permitted to appeal such penalties, but this is a difficult direction. Non-compliances found that are arguably without effect to highway safety may be petitioned to skip recall (remedy and notification) requirements for vehicles already produced.
2238:
212:
1838:. Any country that accedes to the 1958 Agreement has authority to test and approve any manufacturer's design of a regulated product, regardless of the country in which that component was produced. Each individual design from each individual manufacturer is counted as one individual type. Once any acceding country grants a type approval, every other acceding country is obliged to honor that type approval and regard that vehicle or item of motor vehicle equipment as legal for import, sale and use. Items type-approved according to a UN Regulation are marked with an
1260:
589:
989:
2296:
29:
379:
429:
514:
1735:
1164:
329:
1310:
1335:
1410:
1785:
1535:
1139:
1064:
1560:
564:
1089:
1435:
1039:
864:
1685:
1460:
889:
739:
639:
1660:
1585:
1510:
1285:
1189:
964:
914:
839:
814:
404:
1760:
1610:
1485:
939:
689:
664:
539:
1360:
1114:
1014:
484:
1710:
1210:
789:
614:
1823:
1635:
1385:
254:
354:
714:
76:
764:
279:
304:
1235:
459:
124:(UNECE). Its responsibility is to manage the multilateral Agreements signed in 1958, 1997 and 1998 concerning the technical prescriptions for the construction, approval of wheeled vehicles as well as their Periodic Technical Inspection and, to operate within the framework of these three Agreements to develop and amend UN Regulations, UN Global Technical Regulations and UN Rules, kind of
2736:
1814:(apart from Lighting Regulations) are the two significant exceptions; the UN Regulations are generally not recognised and UN-compliant vehicles and equipment are not authorised for import, sale, or use in the two regions, unless they are tested to be compliant with the region's car safety laws, or for limited non driving use (e.g. car show displays).
2740:
2327:
The "Agreement concerning the
Establishing of Global Technical Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be fitted and/or be used on Wheeled Vehicles", or 1998 Agreement, is a subsequent agreement. Following its mission to harmonize vehicle regulations, the UNECE solved the main
2286:
Rather than a UN-style system of type approvals, the US and
Canadian auto safety regulations operate on the principle of self-certification, wherein the manufacturer or importer of a vehicle or item of motor vehicle equipment certifies—i.e., asserts and promises—that the vehicle or equipment complies
2269:
were officially forbidden to
Americans, but this outlet proved viable for many years. The grey market reached 66,900 vehicles imported by individual consumers in 1985, and altered to meet U.S. design regulations. It is no longer possible to import vehicle into the United States as a personal import,
223:
member countries only, but in 1995 the agreement was revised to allow non-ECE members to participate. Current participants include the
European Union and its member countries, as well as non-EU UNECE members such as Norway, Russia, Ukraine, Serbia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Azerbaijan, and even
202:
of vehicles and components. These were formerly called "UNECE Regulations" or, less formally, "ECE Regulations" in reference to the
Economic Commission for Europe. However, since many non-European countries are now contracting parties to the 1958 Agreement, the regulations are officially entitled "UN
2228:
between Canada and the
European Union could see Canada recognise more UN Regulations as acceptable alternatives to the Canadian regulations. Canada currently applies 14 of the 17 ECE main standards as allowable alternatives - the exceptions at this point relate to motorcycle controls and displays,
197:
The core of the Forum's work is based around the "1958 Agreement", formally titled "Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of
2331:
The 1998 Agreement is born to produce meta regulations called Global
Technical Regulations without administrative procedures for type approval and so, without the principle of mutual recognition of Type Approvals. The 1998 Agreement stipulates that Contracting Parties will establish, by consensus
1846:
Although all countries' type approvals are legally equivalent, there are real and perceived differences in the rigour with which the regulations and protocols are applied by different national type approval authorities. Some countries have their own national standards for granting type approvals,
218:
Formally signing the 1958 Agreement was possible till June 30 of that year, and five countries chose to do so: Italy (March 28), Netherlands (March 30), West
Germany (June 19), France (June 26), and Hungary (June 30). Sweden and Belgium acceded soon after. Originally, the agreement allowed
2215:
and does not recognise UN type approvals. However, both the United States and Canada are parties to the 1998 Agreement. UN-specification vehicles and components which do not also comply with the US regulations therefore cannot be imported to the US without extensive modifications.
1855:
As of 2015, there are 135 UN Regulations appended to the 1958 Agreement; most regulations cover a single vehicle component or technology. A partial list of current regulations applying to passenger cars follows (different regulations may apply to heavy vehicles, motorcycles, etc.)
227:
Contracting parties to the 1958 Agreement are referenced by a Distinguishing Number, historically corresponding to the chronological order in which the countries became such member parties. As of 2022, the participants of the Agreement, with their Distinguishing Number, were:
1805:
Most countries, even if not formally participating in the 1958 agreement, recognise the UN Regulations and either mirror the UN Regulations' content in their own national requirements, or permit the import, registration, and use of UN type-approved vehicles, or both. The
2344:(TTIP) negotiations, the issues of divergent standards in automobile regulatory structure are being investigated. TTIP negotiators are seeking to identify ways to narrow the regulatory differences, potentially reducing costs and spurring additional trade in vehicles.
198:
approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions" (E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2, amended on 16 October 1995). This forms a legal framework wherein participating countries (contracting parties) agree on a common set of technical prescriptions and protocols for
1847:
which may be more stringent than called for by the UN regulations themselves. Within the auto parts industry, a German (E1) type approval, for example, is regarded as a measure of insurance against suspicion of poor quality or an undeserved type approval.
138:
At its inception, WP.29 had a broader European scope. Since 2000, the global scope of this forum was recognized given the active participation of Countries in all continents, excluding the United States and Canada, who developed incompatible standards.
1842:
and a Distinguishing Number, within a circle. This number indicates which country approved the item, and other surrounding letters and digits indicate the precise version of the regulation met and the type approval number, respectively.
2524:"United Nations Treaty Series Vol. 335 (1959): 'Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts. Done at Geneva, on 20 March 1958'"
2549:"ECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations Part I: Contracting Parties to the Agreement, their date of application of the UN Regulations and designated Type Approval Authority(ies) and Technical Service(s))"
2328:
issues (Administrative Provisions for Type approval opposed to self-certification and mutual recognition of Type Approvals) preventing non-signatory Countries to the 1958 Agreement to fully participate to its activities.
2755:
1952:
R20 — Headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam and equipped with halogen double-filament H4 bulbs (superseded by R112, but still valid for existing approvals)
2852:
2229:
motorcycle mirrors, and electronic stability control for passenger cars. These three remaining groups will be allowed in Canada by the time the ratification of the trade deal occurs.
2808:
2352:
2245:
Vehicles built in compliance with global safety and emissions regulations were still available to Americans in the period 1976-88, as individual imports. This was via the
203:
Regulations". According to the mutual recognition principle set in the Agreement, each Contracting Party's Type Approvals are recognised by all other Contracting Parties.
2973:
2106:
2355:(OICA) hosts on its web site the working documents from various United Nations expert groups including World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations.
2664:
2834:
2374:
2114:
2270:
with four exceptions, none of which permits Americans to buy recent vehicles not officially available in the United States. Even prominent billionaire
1943:
emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam, equipped with R2 or HS1 bulbs (superseded by R112, but still valid for existing approvals)
169:
There are six permanent Working Parties which are subsidiary bodies that consider specialized tasks, consisting of people with a specific expertise:
80:
2379:
2341:
2467:
220:
121:
93:
2856:
1949:
R8 — Headlamps equipped with replaceable single-filament tungsten-halogen bulbs (superseded by R112, but still valid for existing approvals)
2812:
2225:
2319:
headlamps, which were prohibited in many European countries. A similar approach was evident with the US mandatory side marker lights.
2389:
2384:
2212:
2573:"ECE/TRANS/WP.29/343/Rev.30 - Status of the Agreement, of the annexed Regulations and of the amendments thereto - Revision 30"
2221:
1835:
2689:
2878:
2307:
Historically, one of the most conspicuous differences between UN and US regulations was the design and performance of
2548:
2237:
2098:
R85 — electric drive trains — measurement of the net power and the maximum 30 minutes power of electric drive trains
1826:
Two types of approval mark: top - according to UN regulations, bottom - according to EU regulations (or directives)
2601:
2224:, broadly similar to the US FMVSS, but Canada does also accept UN-compliant headlamps and bumpers. The impending
2572:
2315:
shown here illustrates the large differences in headlamps during the 1940-1983 era when US regulations required
2121:
2093:
2892:
2126:
R117 — approval limits for pass-by noise, wet grip, and rolling resistance. These values are also used on the
2963:
2913:
1974:
R112 — Headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam and equipped with filament bulbs
2506:
224:
remote territories such as South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia.
1977:
R113 — Headlamps emitting a symmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam and equipped with filament bulbs
1964:
R99 — Gas-discharge light sources for use in approved gas-discharge lamp units of power-driven vehicles (
2968:
2246:
2183:
211:
2523:
2948:
2102:
147:
1955:
R31 — Halogen sealed beam headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam
994:
104:
2262:
1967:
1886:
2639:
2944:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) – How It Works, How to Join It
2254:
1903:
151:
8:
2489:
2419:
2394:
2046:
2000:
819:
2364:
2258:
125:
2299:
A comparison of European (top) and US (bottom) headlamp configuration on similar-year
1946:
R5 — Sealed Beam headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam and/or a driving beam
2602:"Grey market cars: Everything you need to know to avoid seeing your ride get crushed"
2196:
2110:
1615:
2241:
1981 Lamborghini Countach LP 400S sold new in the United States via the grey market
2943:
2938:
2784:"U.S. and EU Motor Vehicle Standards: Issues for Transatlantic Trade Negotiations"
2615:
2853:"Motivemagazine.com - Motive Tech: The Difference Between US and European Lights"
2447:
2335:
2295:
1169:
1215:
519:
445:
434:
161:
This work affects de facto vehicle design and facilitates international trade.
143:
28:
2957:
2208:
1831:
1807:
199:
2783:
2711:
2312:
2300:
1874:
R7 — Front and rear position lamps, stop lamps and end-outline marker lamps
1315:
2316:
2275:
2266:
2250:
2170:
1740:
1415:
1340:
594:
334:
2665:"New UN ECE Regulations on Cyber Security and Software Updates Adopted"
2369:
2271:
2127:
1790:
1565:
1540:
1144:
1069:
569:
500:
2462:
2077:
R15 — emissions and fuel consumption (superseded by R83, R84 and R101)
2399:
2080:
R24 — engine power measurement, smoke emissions, engine type approval
2058:
R95 — protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral collision
2055:
R94 — protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision
2033:
2026:
1940:
1265:
1094:
2308:
1690:
1465:
1440:
1044:
894:
869:
744:
2717:. United States General Accounting Office. 16 July 1987. p. 2
2089:
R83 — emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements
2160:
R109 — Retreaded tyres for commercial vehicles and their trailers
2052:
R43 — safety glazing materials and their installation on vehicles
1822:
1765:
1665:
1590:
1515:
1490:
1290:
1194:
969:
944:
919:
844:
694:
669:
644:
544:
409:
384:
259:
2712:"Tax Administration Gas Guzzler Tax Compliance Can Be Increased"
2217:
2145:
R64 — Temporary use spare unit, run flat tyres, run flat-system
1811:
1715:
1365:
1119:
1019:
794:
769:
719:
619:
489:
359:
284:
2336:
2013 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (proposed)
2451:. Newport Beach, CA, USA: CBS Inc. - CBS Publications: 38–41.
2016:
1640:
1390:
1240:
464:
309:
155:
133:
Working Party of experts on technical requirement of vehicles
75:
2207:
The most notable non-signatory to the 1958 Agreement is the
2157:
R108 — Retreaded tyres for passenger cars and their trailers
2061:
R116 — protection of motor vehicles against unauthorized use
22:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29)
2353:
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles
1896:
R48 — Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices
2756:"FOREIGN CAR IMPORTERS CAN'T BREAK RED TAPE AT THE BORDER"
2737:"Foreign Car Importers Can't Break Red Tape at the Border"
2690:"CETA Means Big Changes For Canadian Automotive Industry"
2120:
R101 — measurement of the emission of carbon dioxide and
1961:
R98 — Headlamps equipped with gas-discharge light sources
1795:
1770:
1745:
1720:
1695:
1670:
1645:
1620:
1595:
1570:
1545:
1520:
1495:
1470:
1445:
1420:
1395:
1370:
1345:
1320:
1295:
1270:
1245:
1220:
1174:
1149:
1124:
1099:
1074:
1049:
1024:
999:
974:
949:
924:
899:
874:
849:
824:
799:
774:
749:
724:
699:
674:
649:
624:
599:
574:
549:
524:
494:
469:
439:
414:
389:
364:
339:
314:
289:
264:
2949:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations FAQ
2171:
Automated/autonomous and connected vehicle regulations
2142:
R54 — Tyres for commercial vehicles and their trailers
2445:
Rusz, Joe (December 1978). "Lamborghini Countach S".
2151:
R88 — Retroreflective tyres for two-wheeled vehicles
114:
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations
2375:
Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures
2139:R30 — Tyres for passenger cars and their trailers
1830:The 1958 Agreement operates on the principles of
120:) of the Inland Transport Committee (ITC) of the
2955:
2640:"Text of the 1958 Agreement - Transport - UNECE"
2249:. Many of the finest, iconic automobiles of the
2012:R11 — door latches and door retention components
2616:"Marketing emphasis on German E1 type approval"
135:", while its current name was adopted in 2000.
2440:
2438:
2436:
2380:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
2342:Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
2166:R141 — Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS)
2068:
2064:R129 — enhanced child restraint systems (ECRS)
2974:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
2753:
2105:with regard to specific requirements for the
2039:R17 — seats, seat anchorages, head restraints
1868:R4 — Illumination of rear registration plates
122:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
2893:"Global Technical Regulations(GTRs)of UNECE"
2163:R124 — Replacement wheels for passenger cars
2778:
2776:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2433:
1981:
131:WP.29 was established in June 1952 as the "
2490:"WP.29 - Introduction - Transport - UNECE"
2444:
2226:Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
206:
2455:
2390:Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108
2290:
2045:R42 — front and rear protective devices (
2773:
2653:
2294:
2236:
2232:
1821:
210:
142:The forum works on regulations covering
182:Automated and Connected Vehicles (GRVA)
2956:
2385:Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
2213:Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
2154:R106 — Tyres for agricultural vehicles
2086:R68 — measurement of the maximum speed
2281:
2222:Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
2835:"eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations"
2482:
2133:
2074:R10 — electromagnetic compatibility
1859:
176:Lighting and Light-Signalling (GRE)
13:
2148:R75 — Tyres for motorcycles/mopeds
2006:
1987:R35 — arrangement of foot controls
14:
2985:
2932:
2322:
2022:R13 — braking (trucks and busses)
1850:
192:
2914:"OICA un-expert-group-documents"
2754:Guy Gugliotta (22 August 1995).
2202:
1926:R149 - Road Illumination Devices
1817:
1783:
1758:
1733:
1708:
1683:
1658:
1633:
1608:
1583:
1558:
1533:
1508:
1483:
1458:
1433:
1408:
1383:
1358:
1333:
1308:
1283:
1258:
1233:
1208:
1187:
1162:
1137:
1112:
1087:
1062:
1037:
1012:
987:
962:
937:
912:
887:
862:
837:
812:
787:
762:
737:
712:
687:
662:
637:
612:
587:
562:
537:
512:
482:
457:
427:
402:
377:
352:
327:
302:
277:
252:
185:General Safety Provisions (GRSG)
74:
27:
2906:
2885:
2871:
2845:
2827:
2801:
2747:
2729:
2704:
2682:
2632:
2608:
2420:"Transport - Transport - UNECE"
2042:R27 — advance-warning triangles
1929:R150 - Reflex Reflector Devices
164:
2594:
2565:
2541:
2516:
2500:
2412:
1923:R148 - Light Signaling Devices
1883:R37 — Filament lamps (bulbs) (
1:
2405:
2184:automated lane keeping system
1933:
1865:R3 — Retroreflecting devices
7:
2663:Nick Bowyer (August 2020).
2358:
2069:Environmental compatibility
1990:R39 — speedometer equipment
179:Pollution and Energy (GRPE)
10:
2990:
1911:R112 — Headlamp Asymmetric
96:Inland Transport Committee
2103:battery electric vehicles
1871:R6 — Direction indicators
100:
87:
67:
59:
51:
43:
35:
26:
2507:The End of the 'ECE' Era
2189:
1996:R79 — steering equipment
1982:Instrumentation/controls
1920:R128 — LED light sources
148:environmental protection
2347:
2179:R156 — software updates
1993:R46 — rear-view mirrors
1958:R45 — Headlamp cleaners
1908:R91 — Side marker lamps
207:Participating countries
2463:"WP.29 - Introduction"
2304:
2291:Regulatory differences
2242:
1914:R119 — Cornering lamps
1880:R23 — Reversing lights
1836:reciprocal recognition
1827:
995:Bosnia and Herzegovina
215:
173:Noise and Tyres (GRBP)
105:UNECE Transport - WP29
2298:
2263:Mercedes-Benz G-Class
2259:Mercedes-Benz 500 SEL
2240:
2233:Grey Market (1976-88)
2176:R155 — cyber security
2092:R84 — measurement of
2083:R51 — noise emissions
2036:and restraint systems
1968:Automotive lamp types
1904:Daytime running lamps
1887:Automotive lamp types
1877:R19 — Front fog lamps
1825:
214:
188:Passive Safety (GRSP)
2964:Automotive standards
2278:have proven unable.
2255:Lamborghini Countach
2211:, which has its own
1893:R38 — Rear fog lamps
116:is a working party (
2760:The Washington Post
2511:Driving Vision News
2395:Automotive lighting
2101:R100 — approval of
2001:event data recorder
1899:R77 — Parking lamps
970:Republic of Moldova
89:Parent organization
23:
2881:. 12 January 2015.
2789:. 18 February 2014
2365:Vehicle regulation
2305:
2282:Self-certification
2243:
1828:
770:Russian Federation
216:
126:vehicle regulation
21:
2969:Automotive safety
2879:"1971 Citröen DS"
2692:. 18 October 2013
2604:. 30 August 2013.
2529:. p. 211-227
2197:ECE Regulation 90
2115:hydrogen emission
2111:Functional Safety
1803:
1802:
650:17 September 1976
219:participation of
152:energy efficiency
110:
109:
2981:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2855:. Archived from
2849:
2843:
2842:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2811:. Archived from
2809:"Press Releases"
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2743:on 20 July 2012.
2739:. Archived from
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2577:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2520:
2514:
2513:, 29 August 2011
2504:
2498:
2497:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2448:Road & Track
2442:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2416:
2134:Tyres and wheels
2122:fuel consumption
2094:fuel consumption
2019:(passenger cars)
1917:R123 — AFS lamps
1860:General lighting
1797:
1796:1 September 2023
1789:
1787:
1786:
1772:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1747:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1722:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1672:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1647:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1622:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1547:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1522:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1447:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1422:
1421:31 December 2004
1414:
1412:
1411:
1397:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1372:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1347:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1322:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1247:
1246:24 November 1998
1239:
1237:
1236:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1176:
1175:17 November 1991
1168:
1166:
1165:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1126:
1125:27 February 1996
1118:
1116:
1115:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1051:
1043:
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1016:
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993:
991:
990:
976:
975:20 November 2016
968:
966:
965:
951:
943:
941:
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926:
918:
916:
915:
901:
893:
891:
890:
876:
868:
866:
865:
851:
843:
841:
840:
826:
818:
816:
815:
801:
793:
791:
790:
776:
775:17 February 1987
768:
766:
765:
751:
743:
741:
740:
726:
718:
716:
715:
701:
700:21 February 1977
693:
691:
690:
676:
675:20 December 1976
668:
666:
665:
651:
643:
641:
640:
626:
618:
616:
615:
601:
593:
591:
590:
576:
575:12 December 1971
568:
566:
565:
551:
543:
541:
540:
526:
518:
516:
515:
496:
488:
486:
485:
471:
463:
461:
460:
441:
433:
431:
430:
416:
408:
406:
405:
391:
390:5 September 1959
383:
381:
380:
366:
358:
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355:
341:
333:
331:
330:
316:
308:
306:
305:
291:
283:
281:
280:
266:
258:
256:
255:
231:
230:
79:
78:
31:
24:
20:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2954:
2953:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2815:on 18 June 2016
2807:
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2792:
2790:
2786:
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2781:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2752:
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2714:
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2705:
2695:
2693:
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2683:
2673:
2671:
2661:
2654:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2505:
2501:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2443:
2434:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2361:
2350:
2340:As part of the
2338:
2325:
2293:
2284:
2235:
2205:
2192:
2173:
2136:
2071:
2009:
2007:Crashworthiness
1984:
1936:
1862:
1853:
1820:
1784:
1782:
1759:
1757:
1734:
1732:
1721:22 October 2022
1709:
1707:
1684:
1682:
1671:18 October 2018
1659:
1657:
1646:3 February 2013
1634:
1632:
1609:
1607:
1584:
1582:
1571:26 January 2016
1559:
1557:
1534:
1532:
1509:
1507:
1496:5 November 2011
1484:
1482:
1459:
1457:
1434:
1432:
1409:
1407:
1384:
1382:
1359:
1357:
1346:26 January 2002
1334:
1332:
1309:
1307:
1284:
1282:
1259:
1257:
1234:
1232:
1209:
1207:
1188:
1186:
1170:North Macedonia
1163:
1161:
1138:
1136:
1113:
1111:
1088:
1086:
1063:
1061:
1050:21 January 2000
1038:
1036:
1025:18 January 1999
1013:
1011:
988:
986:
963:
961:
938:
936:
913:
911:
888:
886:
863:
861:
838:
836:
813:
811:
800:5 December 1992
788:
786:
763:
761:
738:
736:
713:
711:
688:
686:
663:
661:
638:
636:
613:
611:
588:
586:
563:
561:
538:
536:
513:
511:
483:
481:
470:10 October 1961
458:
456:
428:
426:
403:
401:
378:
376:
353:
351:
328:
326:
303:
301:
278:
276:
265:28 January 1965
253:
251:
209:
195:
167:
90:
73:
70:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2987:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2939:UN Regulations
2934:
2933:External links
2931:
2928:
2927:
2905:
2884:
2870:
2844:
2826:
2800:
2772:
2746:
2728:
2703:
2681:
2652:
2631:
2607:
2593:
2582:. 1 March 2022
2564:
2540:
2515:
2499:
2481:
2454:
2432:
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2407:
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2377:
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2357:
2349:
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2337:
2334:
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2323:1998 Agreement
2321:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2253:, such as the
2234:
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2204:
2201:
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2199:
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2013:
2008:
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1997:
1994:
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1891:
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1878:
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1851:UN Regulations
1849:
1819:
1816:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1780:
1776:
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1398:
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1380:
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1368:
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1330:
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1318:
1305:
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1300:
1298:
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1273:
1268:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:European Union
1205:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1127:
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1109:
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1104:
1102:
1097:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:8 January 2011
1072:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1002:
997:
984:
980:
979:
977:
972:
959:
955:
954:
952:
947:
934:
930:
929:
927:
922:
909:
905:
904:
902:
900:1 January 1993
897:
884:
880:
879:
877:
872:
859:
855:
854:
852:
850:8 October 1991
847:
834:
830:
829:
827:
822:
809:
805:
804:
802:
797:
784:
780:
779:
777:
772:
759:
755:
754:
752:
747:
734:
730:
729:
727:
722:
709:
705:
704:
702:
697:
684:
680:
679:
677:
672:
659:
655:
654:
652:
647:
634:
630:
629:
627:
622:
609:
605:
604:
602:
600:28 August 1973
597:
584:
580:
579:
577:
572:
559:
555:
554:
552:
547:
534:
530:
529:
527:
522:
520:United Kingdom
509:
505:
504:
497:
492:
479:
475:
474:
472:
467:
454:
450:
449:
446:Czechoslovakia
442:
440:1 January 1993
437:
435:Czech Republic
424:
420:
419:
417:
412:
399:
395:
394:
392:
387:
374:
370:
369:
367:
362:
349:
345:
344:
342:
340:29 August 1960
337:
324:
320:
319:
317:
312:
299:
295:
294:
292:
287:
274:
270:
269:
267:
262:
249:
245:
244:
241:
240:Effective date
238:
235:
208:
205:
194:
193:1958 Agreement
191:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
166:
163:
144:vehicle safety
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:Antonio Erario
71:
68:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2986:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2915:
2909:
2894:
2888:
2880:
2874:
2859:on 1 May 2009
2858:
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2848:
2840:
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2785:
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2738:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2691:
2685:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2647:www.unece.org
2641:
2635:
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2597:
2581:
2574:
2568:
2550:
2544:
2525:
2519:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2495:
2494:www.unece.org
2491:
2485:
2470:
2469:
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2458:
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2449:
2441:
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2437:
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2427:www.unece.org
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2297:
2288:
2279:
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2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2209:United States
2203:North America
2198:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:type approval
1824:
1818:Type approval
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:United States
1799:
1794:
1792:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:24 April 2020
1694:
1692:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
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1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:30 April 2018
1519:
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1502:
1499:
1494:
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1477:
1474:
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1456:
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1449:
1444:
1442:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:25 April 2000
1269:
1267:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1221:24 March 1998
1219:
1217:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:29 March 2002
1098:
1096:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
998:
996:
985:
982:
981:
978:
973:
971:
960:
957:
956:
953:
948:
946:
935:
932:
931:
928:
923:
921:
910:
907:
906:
903:
898:
896:
885:
882:
881:
878:
873:
871:
860:
857:
856:
853:
848:
846:
835:
832:
831:
828:
825:24 March 1998
823:
821:
810:
807:
806:
803:
798:
796:
785:
782:
781:
778:
773:
771:
760:
757:
756:
753:
750:28 March 1980
748:
746:
735:
732:
731:
728:
725:13 March 1979
723:
721:
710:
707:
706:
703:
698:
696:
685:
682:
681:
678:
673:
671:
660:
657:
656:
653:
648:
646:
635:
632:
631:
628:
623:
621:
610:
607:
606:
603:
598:
596:
585:
582:
581:
578:
573:
571:
560:
557:
556:
553:
548:
546:
535:
532:
531:
528:
525:16 March 1963
523:
521:
510:
507:
506:
502:
498:
495:12 March 2001
493:
491:
480:
477:
476:
473:
468:
466:
455:
452:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
425:
422:
421:
418:
413:
411:
400:
397:
396:
393:
388:
386:
375:
372:
371:
368:
363:
361:
350:
347:
346:
343:
338:
336:
325:
322:
321:
318:
315:26 April 1963
313:
311:
300:
297:
296:
293:
288:
286:
275:
272:
271:
268:
263:
261:
250:
247:
246:
242:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
225:
222:
213:
204:
201:
200:type approval
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
170:
162:
159:
158:-resistance.
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:
86:
82:
77:
72:
66:
62:
58:
55:Working Party
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
16:Working party
2918:. Retrieved
2908:
2896:. Retrieved
2887:
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2857:the original
2847:
2839:www.ecfr.gov
2838:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:the original
2803:
2793:24 September
2791:. Retrieved
2763:. Retrieved
2759:
2749:
2741:the original
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2668:
2646:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2610:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2579:
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2518:
2510:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2472:. Retrieved
2466:
2457:
2446:
2426:
2414:
2351:
2339:
2330:
2326:
2306:
2285:
2244:
2220:has its own
2206:
2107:construction
2034:safety belts
1965:
1884:
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1771:26 July 2023
1446:4 April 2006
1321:17 June 2001
1316:South Africa
1296:30 June 2000
1150:14 June 2002
1000:6 March 1992
875:25 June 1991
625:4 April 1975
592:
365:20 June 1959
290:20 June 1959
234:Dist. Number
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196:
168:
165:Organization
160:
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60:Legal status
36:Abbreviation
18:
2920:13 November
2863:29 December
2765:9 September
2721:9 September
2624:13 November
2317:sealed beam
2276:Porsche 959
2267:Range Rover
2251:Malaise era
2247:grey market
2027:safety belt
1741:Philippines
1621:25 May 2015
1546:3 June 2006
1416:South Korea
1341:New Zealand
1199:11.04.2023
925:2 July 1995
595:Switzerland
550:11 May 1971
415:2 July 1960
335:Netherlands
2958:Categories
2916:. Oica.net
2898:5 February
2674:6 November
2557:2 November
2533:8 February
2474:2 November
2406:References
2370:Car safety
2313:Citroën DS
2301:Citroën DS
2272:Bill Gates
2128:tyre label
2029:anchorages
1791:Kyrgyzstan
1566:San Marino
1541:Montenegro
1471:1 May 2006
1396:1 May 2004
1371:1 May 2004
1145:Azerbaijan
1070:Kazakhstan
950:1 May 1995
570:Luxembourg
501:Yugoslavia
499:(formerly
444:(formerly
2669:InterRegs
2400:Headlamps
2309:headlamps
1941:Headlamps
1934:Headlamps
1266:Australia
1095:Lithuania
44:Formation
2696:20 March
2586:31 March
2359:See also
2274:and his
2015:R13-H —
1766:Viet Nam
1691:Pakistan
1466:Thailand
1441:Malaysia
1045:Bulgaria
895:Slovakia
870:Slovenia
745:Portugal
2819:30 June
2182:R157 —
2049:, etc.)
2047:bumpers
2017:braking
1999:R160 —
1666:Nigeria
1616:Georgia
1591:Tunisia
1516:Armenia
1491:Albania
1291:Ukraine
1195:Andorra
945:Estonia
920:Belarus
845:Croatia
820:Ireland
695:Romania
670:Denmark
645:Finland
545:Austria
410:Hungary
385:Belgium
260:Germany
237:Country
101:Website
83:(2021-)
2311:. The
2218:Canada
2195:R90 —
2032:R16 —
2025:R14 —
1902:R87 —
1812:Canada
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1120:Turkey
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243:Notes
63:Active
2787:(PDF)
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2643:(PDF)
2619:(PDF)
2580:UNECE
2576:(PDF)
2552:(PDF)
2527:(PDF)
2468:UNECE
2423:(PDF)
2190:Brake
1966:See:
1939:R1 —
1885:See:
1641:Egypt
1391:Malta
1241:Japan
465:Spain
310:Italy
156:theft
118:WP.29
94:UNECE
39:WP.29
2922:2011
2900:2014
2865:2010
2821:2016
2795:2023
2767:2020
2723:2020
2698:2014
2676:2021
2626:2011
2588:2022
2559:2021
2535:2024
2476:2021
2348:OICA
2303:cars
2265:and
2113:and
1834:and
1810:and
154:and
112:The
69:Head
52:Type
47:1952
958:30
221:ECE
2960::
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1971:)
1890:)
1840:E
453:9
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373:6
348:5
323:4
298:3
273:2
248:1
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