626:
2585:
2532:
1559:
1675:
1735:
2110:
1746:
3468:
2071:, thus making him the World Chess Champion. Because Anand's World Chess Champion title was won in a tournament rather than a match, a minority of commentators questioned the validity of his title. Kramnik also made ambiguous comments about the value of Anand's title, but did not claim the title himself then. (In a 2015 interview Kramnik dated the loss of his world championship title to his 2008 match against Anand rather than the 2007 tournament, and he likewise did not contradict an interviewer who dated it thus in a 2019 interview.) Subsequent world championship matches returned to the format of a match between the champion and a challenger.
3461:
2444:
791:(7–2, 2 draws). In 1858–59 Morphy played matches against several leading players, beating them all. This prompted some commentators at the time to call him the world champion: Gabriel-Éloy Doazan, who knew Morphy, wrote that "one can and...must place in the same bracket" as Deschapelles and La Bourdonnais, who he had played years before, and that "his superiority is as obvious as theirs". But when Morphy returned to America in 1859, he abruptly retired from chess, though many considered him the world champion until his death in 1884. His sudden withdrawal from chess at his peak led to his being known as "the pride and sorrow of chess".
2432:
869:
champion. There is also no known evidence of
Steinitz being called the world champion after defeating Anderssen in 1866. It has been suggested that Steinitz could not make such a claim while Morphy was alive (Morphy died in 1884). There are a number of references to Steinitz as world champion in the 1870s, the earliest being after the first Zukertort match in 1872. Later, in 1879, it was argued that Zukertort was world champion, since Morphy and Steinitz were not active. However, later in his career, at least from 1887, Steinitz dated his reign from this 1866 match, and early sources such as the New York Times in 1894,
2225:
or delayed challenges for the title. Between 1888 and 1948 various difficulties that arose in match negotiations led players to try to define agreed rules for matches, including the frequency of matches, how much or how little say the champion had in the conditions for a title match and what the stakes and division of the purse should be. However these attempts were unsuccessful in practice, as the same issues continued to delay or prevent challenges. There was an attempt by an external organization to manage the world championship from 1887 to 1889, but this experiment was not repeated until 1948.
2049:
3757:
3213:
2470:
3148:
2184:
2814:
5843:(September 1927) for FIDE's decision to await the result of the Capablanca–Alekhine match; the minutes of FIDE's 1928 congress for the adoption of the forthcoming 1928 Bologjubow–Euwe match as being for the "FIDE championship" and its congratulations to the winner, Bologjubow; the minutes of FIDE's 1928 congress for Alekhine's agreement and his exception for Capablanca; a resolution of 1928 for the attempt to arrange an Alekhine-Bogoljubow match; subsequent FIDE minutes for the non-occurrence of the match (under FIDE); and the vanishing of the title "Champion of FIDE".
1067:
4220:"A History of Chess", H. J. R. Murray, p. 878: "It was, however, generally accepted that Deschapelles was the strongest player of his time, and Sarratt appears to have acquiesced in this opinion, although there was apparently no stronger reason for it than the fact that the general standard of French chess had been higher than that of English chess in the end of the eighteenth century. The result of Lewis's visit was to show that there was very little, if any, difference in strength between Deschapelles and himself."
4039:
2506:
3725:
3693:
3597:
3533:
3332:
3292:
3252:
3220:
2481:
3661:
3629:
2802:
2776:
2642:
1984:
2557:
2750:
784:, the best player of Germany": von der Lasa was unable to attend the 1851 tournament, though he was invited. In 1851, Anderssen lost a match to von der Lasa; in 1856, George Walker wrote that " and Anderssen are decidedly the two best in the known world". Von der Lasa did not compete in tournaments or formal matches because of the demands of his diplomatic career, but his games show that he was one of the world's best then: he won series of games against Staunton in 1844 and 1853.
1589:
3853:
1999:
1078:
696:
7929:
2998:
1954:
3885:
7939:
3789:
3021:
1659:
40:
2975:
1574:
1093:
defend his title within one year of receiving a challenge from a recognized master; the champion would decide the date of the match; the champion was not obliged to accept a challenge for a purse of less than US$ 10,000 (about $ 170,000 in current terms); 20% of the purse was to be paid to the title holder, and the remainder being divided, 60% going to the winner of the match, and 40% to the loser; the highest purse bid must be accepted.
3364:
3122:
984:
3565:
3821:
3500:
3429:
3299:
3259:
1399:
help that the Soviet Union had long refused to join FIDE, and by this time it was clear that about half the credible contenders were Soviet citizens. But, realizing that it could not afford to be excluded from discussions about the vacant world championship, the Soviet Union sent a telegram in 1947 apologizing for the absence of Soviet representatives and requesting that the USSR be represented on future FIDE Committees.
1403:
681:
3070:
2919:
2863:
3396:
1325:
3096:
2952:
1969:
4128:
not know how well acquainted
Philidor was with Greco's games. He didn't have a high opinion of them, because Greco 'achieved the win in his games often in a risky way and only thanks to mistakes made by the opponent, without ever drawing the attention of the reader to these errors on both sides.' But as we will shortly see, one might argue that Philidor himself was even more outstanding at this 'technique'.
1643:, who was head of the Soviet team, confirmed in 2002 that Petrosian, Geller and Keres arranged to draw all their games in order to save their energy for games against non-Soviet players. Korchnoi, who defected from the USSR in 1976, never confirmed that he was forced to throw games. FIDE responded by changing the format of future Candidates Tournaments to eliminate the possibility of collusion.
711:
2025:
9724:
4025:
1049:, Lasker insisted on a similar clause that if Lasker should resign the title after a date had been set for the match, Capablanca should become world champion. On 27 June 1920 Lasker abdicated in favor of Capablanca because of public criticism of the terms of the match, naming Capablanca as his successor. Some commentators questioned Lasker's right to name his successor;
1204:; about half would be distributed to the winner's backers, and the winner would receive the larger share of the remainder (the loser's backers got nothing). The players had to meet their own travel, accommodation, food and other expenses out of their shares of the purse. This system evolved out of the wagering of small stakes on club games in the early 19th century.
1473:, along with whoever lost the previous title match and the second-placed competitor in the previous Candidates Tournament three years earlier; and the winner of the Candidates played a title match against the champion. Until 1962 inclusive the Candidates Tournament was a multi-cycle round-robin tournament – how and why it was changed are described below.
1718:
games, except that if the score reached 9–9 he should remain champion. He argued that this was more advantageous to the challenger than the champion's advantage under the existing system, where the champion retained the title if the match was tied at 12–12 including draws. Eventually FIDE deposed
Fischer and crowned Karpov as the new champion.
3170:
number of championship wins is identical, the number of wins at undisputed championships, the number of years as undisputed champion, the number of years as champion are used as tie-breakers (in that order). If all numbers are the same, the players are listed by year of first victory at world championships (in chronological order).
5400:; Capablanca's letter of 20 December 1911 to Lasker, stating his objections to Lasker's proposal; Lasker's letter to Capablanca, breaking off negotiations; Lasker's letter of 27 April 1921 to Alberto Ponce of the Havana Chess Club, proposing to resign the 1921 match; and Ponce's reply, accepting the resignation.
666:
1864:. Shirov won the match, but negotiations for a Kasparov–Shirov match broke down, and Shirov was subsequently omitted from negotiations, much to his disgust. Plans for a 1999 or 2000 Kasparov–Anand match also broke down, and Kasparov organised a match with Kramnik in late 2000. In a major upset, Kramnik
2278:
tournament. Since 2023, the Grand Prix has been replaced by the FIDE Circuit, making many more tournaments (not only those organised by FIDE) contribute towards
Candidates qualification. In addition, a small number of players sometimes qualify directly for the Candidates either by finishing highly in
2224:
Until 1948, world championship contests were arranged privately between the players. As a result, the players also had to arrange the funding, in the form of stakes provided by enthusiasts who wished to bet on one of the players. In the early 20th century this was sometimes an obstacle that prevented
2135:
Beginning with the 2014 Championship cycle, the World
Championship has followed a 2-year cycle: qualification for the Candidates in the odd year, the Candidates tournament early in the even year, and the World Championship match later in the even year. This and the next two cycles resulted in Carlsen
1717:
won the right to challenge
Fischer in 1975. Fischer objected to the "best of 24 games" championship match format that had been used from 1951 onwards, claiming that it would encourage whoever got an early lead to play for draws. Instead he demanded that the match should be won by whoever first won 10
1398:
because problems with money and travel so soon after the end of World War II prevented many countries from sending representatives. The shortage of clear information resulted in otherwise responsible magazines publishing rumors and speculation, which only made the situation more confusing. It did not
1316:
agreed to place future matches for the world title under the auspices of FIDE, except that he would only play
Capablanca under the same conditions that governed their match in 1927. Although FIDE wished to set up a match between Alekhine and Bogoljubow, it made little progress and the title "Champion
6890:
It's reassuring to see that even FIDÉ now subscribes to the canonical view of who has and who has not been world champion. By openly conceding that the
Chinese Grandmaster Ding Liren is the 17th champion, FIDÉ have confirmed that the true line of succession is Kasparov (13th champion), Kramnik (14),
1929:
did not take place until late 2004 (it was drawn, so
Kramnik retained his title). Meanwhile, FIDE never managed to organise a Kasparov match, either with 2002 FIDE champion Ponomariov, or 2004 FIDE champion Kasimdzhanov. Kasparov's frustration at the situation played a part in his decision to retire
1207:
Up to and including the 1894 Steinitz–Lasker match, both players, with their backers, generally contributed equally to the purse, following the custom of important matches in the 19th century before there was a generally recognized world champion. For example: the stakes were £100 a side in both the
1037:
and, in addition to making severe financial demands, proposed some novel conditions: the match should be considered drawn if neither player finished with a two-game lead; and it should have a maximum of 30 games, but finish if either player won six games and had a two-game lead (previous matches had
3169:
The table below organises the world champions in order of championship wins. A successful defense counts as a win for the purposes of this table, even if the match is drawn. The table is made more complicated by the split between the "Classical" and FIDE world titles between 1993 and 2006. If total
1881:
games were used to resolve ties at the end of each round, a format which some felt did not necessarily recognize the highest-quality play: Kasparov refused to participate in these events, as did
Kramnik after he won the Classical title in 2000. In the first of these events, in 1998, champion Karpov
1694:
accepted this maneuver and interpreted the rules very flexibly to enable Fischer to play, as he thought it important for the health and reputation of the game that Fischer should have the opportunity to challenge for the title as soon as possible. Fischer crushed all opposition and won the right to
1650:
was replaced by a series of elimination matches. Initially the quarter-finals and semi-finals were best of 10 games, and the final was best of 12. Fischer, however, refused to take part in the 1966 cycle, and dropped out of the 1969 cycle after a controversy at 1967 Interzonal in Sousse. Both these
1468:
The proposals which led to the 1948 Championship Tournament also specified the procedure by which challengers for the World Championship would be selected in a three-year cycle: countries affiliated to FIDE would send players to Zonal Tournaments (the number varied depending on how many good enough
1357:
to Capablanca then FIDE's decision should be followed and Capablanca would have to play Flohr in 1940. Most chess writers and players strongly supported the Dutch super-tournament proposal and opposed the committee processes favored by FIDE. While this confusion went unresolved: Euwe lost his title
4127:
Most books on the history of chess make a leap of a century after Greco and go directly to the Frenchman François André Danican Philidor (1726-1795). Although a few things happened in-between, he was the next player considered to stand head and shoulders above his contemporaries. ... However, I do
2039:
reunification match between Topalov and Kramnik was held in late 2006. After much controversy, it was won by Kramnik. Kramnik thus became the first unified and undisputed World Chess Champion since Kasparov split from FIDE to form the PCA in 1993. This match, and all subsequent championships, have
1339:
While negotiating his 1937 World Championship rematch with Alekhine, Euwe proposed that if he retained the title FIDE should manage the nomination of future challengers and the conduct of championship matches. FIDE had been trying since 1935 to introduce rules on how to select challengers, and its
1092:
Following the controversies surrounding his 1921 match against Lasker, in 1922 world champion Capablanca proposed the "London Rules": the first player to win six games would win the match; playing sessions would be limited to 5 hours; the time limit would be 40 moves in 2½ hours; the champion must
939:
started work on drawing up regulations for the future conduct of world championship contests. Steinitz supported this endeavor, as he thought he was becoming too old to remain world champion. The proposal evolved through many forms (as Steinitz pointed out, such a project had never been undertaken
894:
779:
retrospectively awarded the title of first world chess champion to Anderssen for his victory, but there is no evidence that he was widely acclaimed as such at the time, and no mention of such a status afterwards in the tournament book by Staunton. Indeed, Staunton's tournament book calls Anderssen
1820:
in the finals, thereby earning the right to challenge Kasparov for the title. However, before the match took place, both Kasparov and Short complained of FIDE's mishandling of the prize pool in organizing the match, corruption in the leadership, and FIDE's failure to abide by their own rules, and
1144:
Immediately after winning, Alekhine announced that he was willing to grant Capablanca a return match provided Capablanca met the requirements of the "London Rules". Negotiations dragged on for several years, often breaking down when agreement seemed in sight. Alekhine easily won two title matches
908:
Following the Steinitz–Zukertort match, a tradition continued of the world championship being decided by a match between the reigning champion, and a challenger: if a player thought he was strong enough, he (or his friends) would find financial backing for a match purse and challenge the reigning
1088:
After the breakdown of his first attempt to negotiate a title match against Lasker (1911), Capablanca drafted rules for the conduct of future challenges, which were agreed to by the other top players at the 1914 Saint Petersburg tournament, including Lasker, and approved at the Mannheim Congress
1053:
raised the same objection but welcomed Lasker's resignation of the title. Capablanca argued that, if the champion abdicated, the title must go to the challenger, as any other arrangement would be unfair to the challenger. Lasker later agreed to play a match against Capablanca in 1921, announcing
752:
1511:
The FIDE system followed its 1948 design through five cycles: 1948–1951, 1951–1954, 1954–1957, 1957–1960 and 1960–1963. The first two world championships under this system were drawn 12–12 – Botvinnik-Bronstein in 1951 and Botvinnik-Smyslov in 1954 – so Botvinnik retained the title both times.
557:
in the late 19th century, no chess player seriously claimed to be champion of the world. The phrase was used by some chess writers to describe other players of their day, and the status of being the best at the time has sometimes been awarded in retrospect, going back to the early 17th-century
1469:
players each country had); the players who gained the top places in these would compete in an Interzonal Tournament (later split into two and then three tournaments as the number of countries and eligible players increased); the highest-placed players from the Interzonal would compete in the
868:
There is some debate over whether to date Steinitz's reign as world champion from his win over Anderssen in 1866, or from his win over Zukertort in 1886. The 1886 match was clearly agreed to be for the world championship, but there is no indication that Steinitz was regarded as the defending
1089:
later that year. The main points were: the champion must be prepared to defend his title once a year; the match should be won by the first player to win six or eight games (the champion had the right to choose); and the stake should be at least £1,000 (about £120,000 in current terms).
649:, in 1843 is considered to have established Staunton as the world's strongest player, at least in England and France. By the 1830s, players from Germany and more generally Central Europe were beginning to appear on the scene: the strongest of the Berlin players around 1840 was probably
1925:) to choose his challenger. It was agreed that Kasparov would play the FIDE champion (Ponomariov) for the FIDE title, and the winner of that match would face the winner of the Kramnik–Leko match for the unified title. However, the matches proved difficult to finance and organise. The
737:
1038:
been won by the first to win a certain number of games, usually 10; in theory, such a match might go on for ever). Capablanca objected to the two-game lead clause; Lasker took offence at the terms in which Capablanca criticized the two-game lead condition and broke off negotiations.
1689:
In the 1969–1972 cycle Fischer caused two more crises. He refused to play in the 1969 US Championship, which was a Zonal Tournament. This would have eliminated him from the 1969–1972 cycle, but Benko was persuaded to concede his place in the Interzonal to Fischer. FIDE President
1141:, but Alekhine overcame Capablanca's natural skill with his unmatched drive and extensive preparation (especially deep opening analysis, which became a hallmark of most future grandmasters). The aggressive Alekhine was helped by his tactical skill, which complicated the game.
435:. Steinitz won, becoming the first world champion. From 1886 to 1946, the champion set the terms, requiring any challenger to raise a sizable stake and defeat the champion in a match in order to become the new world champion. Following the death of reigning world champion
1232:
for £400 a side. Lasker introduced the practice of demanding that the challenger should provide the whole of the purse, and his successors followed his example up to World War II. This requirement made arranging world championship matches more difficult, for example:
5496:
Regarding a possible "two-game lead" clause, Winter cites Capablanca's messages to Julius Finn and Norbert Lederer dated 15 October 1927, in which he proposed that, if the Buenos Aires match were drawn, the second match could be limited to 20 games. Winter cites
1136:
had all challenged Capablanca in the early 1920s but only Alekhine could raise the US$ 10,000 Capablanca demanded and only in 1927. Capablanca was shockingly upset by the new challenger. Before the match, almost nobody gave Alekhine a chance against the dominant
605:. These were the first to be adequately reported, and they somewhat resemble the later world championship matches. Approximately 85 games (the true number is up for historical debate) were played, with La Bourdonnais winning a majority of the games.
1299:
FIDE's congresses in 1925 and 1926 expressed a desire to become involved in managing the world championship. FIDE was largely happy with the "London Rules", but claimed that the requirement for a purse of $ 10,000 was impracticable and called upon
860:
by a convincing 3-point margin, ahead of nearly every leading player in the world, with Steinitz finishing second. This tournament established Steinitz and Zukertort as the best two players in the world, and led to a match between these two, the
2194:
Soon after the 2021 match, Carlsen indicated that he would not defend the title again. This was confirmed in an announcement by FIDE on 20 July 2022. As a consequence, the top two finishers of the Candidates Tournament, Ian Nepomniachtchi and
1721:
Fischer privately maintained that he was still World Champion. He went into seclusion and did not play chess in public again until 1992, when Spassky agreed to participate in an unofficial rematch for the World Championship. Fischer won the
1393:
that made the normal procedure impossible. The situation was very confused, with many respected players and commentators offering different solutions. FIDE found it very difficult to organize the early discussions on how to resolve the
2203:
in Astana, Kazakhstan, from 7 April to 30 April 2023. Ding won, making him the first World Chess Champion from China. FIDE referred to Ding as the "17th World Champion"; thus the "Classical" line of Champions during the split has been
4796:
Après Deschapelles et Labourdonnais, il m'a été donné de voir un jeune homme que l'on peut et que l'on doit placer sur la même ligne. Sa supériorité est aussi évidente que la leur. Elle est aussi incontestable et se révèle de la même
829:, which was the strongest that had been held to date (Anderssen came first, and won twice against Steinitz). Steinitz confirmed his standing as the world's leading player by winning the London 1872 tournament, winning a match against
1531:, on the grounds that it would reduce Soviet dominance of the tournament. Averbakh claimed that this was to Botvinnik's advantage as it reduced the number of Soviet players he might have to meet in the title match. Botvinnik lost to
960:, was prepared to play Steinitz for the title in New York, so this match was played in 1890–1891 and was won by Steinitz. The experiment was not repeated, and Steinitz's later matches were private arrangements between the players.
5012:
J.I. Minchin, the editor of the tournament book, wrote, "Dr. Zukertort at present holds the honoured post of champion, but only a match can settle the position of these rival monarchs of the Chess realm." J.I. Minchin (editor),
1825:(PCA), under whose auspices they held their match. In response, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title and held a championship match between Karpov and Timman. For the first time in history, there were two World Chess Champions:
1882:
was seeded directly into the final, but he later had to qualify alongside the other players. Karpov defended his title in the first of these championships in 1998, but resigned his title in protest at the new rules in 1999.
622:(who was probably Walker) wrote, "Will Gaul continue the dynasty by placing a fourth Frenchman on the throne of the world? the three last chess chiefs having been successively Philidor, Deschapelles, and De La Bourdonnais."
1669:
meeting FIDE officials in 1972. His reign as World Champion ended, for a short time, 24 years of Soviet domination of the World Championship. After becoming World Champion, Fischer did not play competitive chess for 20
1872:
Meanwhile, FIDE had decided to scrap the Interzonal and Candidates system, instead having a large knockout event in which a large number of players contested short matches against each other over just a few weeks (see
6953:
1348:
as the official challenger. Euwe then declared that: if he retained his title against Alekhine he was prepared to meet Flohr in 1940 but he reserved the right to arrange a title match either in 1938 or 1939 with
1756:
After becoming world champion by default, Karpov confirmed his worthiness for the title with a string of tournament successes from the mid 70s to the early 80s. He defended his title twice against ex-Soviet
1425:. The AVRO tournament had brought together the eight players who were, by general acclamation, the best players in the world at the time. Two of the participants at AVRO – Alekhine and former world champion
1752:
defeated Karpov to become the 13th World Champion, was undisputed World Champion from 1985 to 1993, and held the split title until 2000. He holds a record of 255 months as the world's highest-rated player.
1868:
with two wins, thirteen draws, and no losses. At the time the championship was called the Braingames World Chess Championship, but Kramnik later referred to himself as the Classical World Chess Champion.
1836:
FIDE and the PCA each held a championship cycle in 1993–1996, with many of the same challengers playing in both. Kasparov and Karpov both won their respective cycles. In the PCA cycle, Kasparov defeated
1856:
Soon after the 1995 championship, the PCA folded, and Kasparov had no organisation to choose his next challenger. In 1998 he formed the World Chess Council, which organised a candidates match between
1941:
between eight of the leading players in the world. However Kramnik insisted that his title be decided in a match, and declined to participate. The tournament was convincingly won by the Bulgarian
5839:
Winter cites: Resolution XI of the 1926 FIDE Congress, regarding the "London Rules"; page 5 of the 1926 Congress' minutes about the initial decision to set up an "official championship of FIDE";
1699:. After agreeing to play in Yugoslavia, Fischer raised a series of objections and Iceland was the final venue. Even then Fischer raised difficulties, mainly over money. It took a phone call from
952:
tied for first place; their play-off resulted in four draws; and neither wanted to play a match against Steinitz – Chigorin had just lost to him, and Weiss wanted to get back to his work for the
2294:
is a tournament to choose the challenger. Over the years it has varied in size (between 8 and 16 players) and in format (a tournament, a set of matches, or a combination of the two). Since the
6592:
1045:
included a clause that, if Lasker should resign the title after a date had been set for the match, Rubinstein should become world champion. When he resumed negotiations with Capablanca after
11285:
1304:
to come to an agreement with the leading masters to revise the Rules. In 1926 FIDE decided in principle to create a title of "Champion of FIDE" and, in 1928, adopted the forthcoming 1928
1344:
proposed that a super-tournament (AVRO) of ex-champions and rising stars should be held to select the next challenger. FIDE rejected this proposal and at their second attempt nominated
876:
Many modern commentators divide Steinitz's reign into an "unofficial" one from 1866 to 1886, and an "official" one after 1886. By this reckoning, the first World Championship match was
6618:
1084:, who played dynamic and imaginative chess, was World Champion from 1927 to 1935 and again from 1937 to his death in 1946. He is the only World Champion to die while holding the title.
1340:
various proposals favored selection by some sort of committee. While they were debating procedures in 1937 and Alekhine and Euwe were preparing for their rematch later that year, the
6566:
6701:
4646:
1917:
in the world and had won a string of major tournaments after losing his title in 2000 – ensured even more confusion over who was World Champion. In May 2002, American grandmaster
1741:
became World Champion after Fischer refused to defend his title. He was world champion from 1975 to 1985, and FIDE World Champion from 1993 to 1999 when the world title was split.
6843:
574:) and gave public demonstrations of his blindfold chess skills. However, some of Philidor's contemporaries were not convinced by the analysis Philidor gave in his book (e.g. the
6337:
1713:
An unbroken line of FIDE champions had thus been established from 1948 to 1972, with each champion gaining his title by beating the previous incumbent. This came to an end when
5280:
1539:
in 1960 but won the return match in 1961. Thus Smyslov and Tal each held the world title for a year, but Botvinnik was world champion for rest of the time from 1948 to 1963.
2074:
The following two championships had special clauses arising from the 2006 unification. Kramnik was given the right to challenge for the title he lost in a tournament in the
657:. The earliest recorded use of the term "World Champion" was in 1845, when Staunton was described as "the Chess Champion of England, or ... the Champion of the World".
990:
was the World Champion for 27 years consecutively from 1894 to 1921, the longest reign of a World Champion. During that period, he played seven World Championship matches.
6960:
4086:
625:
589:
in 1821 suggests that they were on par. After Deschapelles and Lewis withdrew from play, the strongest players from France and England respectively were recognised as
9998:
6748:
813:
narrowly defeated Anderssen in a match (8–6, 0 draws). However, he was not immediately able to conclusively demonstrate his superiority. Steinitz placed third at the
10900:
597:. La Bourdonnais visited England in 1825, where he played many games against Lewis and won most of them, and defeated all the other English masters despite offering
9993:
6808:
1784:, whose aggressive tactical style was in sharp contrast to Karpov's positional style. The two of them fought five incredibly close world championship matches, the
2078:, which Anand won. Then Topalov, who as the loser of the 2006 match was excluded from the 2007 championship, was seeded directly into the Candidates final of the
10708:
1921:
led the organisation of the so-called "Prague Agreement" to reunite the world championship. Kramnik had organised a candidates tournament (won later in 2002 by
806:
were also playing at a comparable standard to Anderssen in the 1860s: Anderssen narrowly won a match against Kolisch in 1861, and drew against Paulsen in 1862.
12459:
1804:(again narrowly won by Kasparov, 12½–11½). In the five matches Kasparov and Karpov played 144 games with 104 draws, 21 wins by Kasparov and 19 wins by Karpov.
7366:
6644:
1015:
106:
794:
After Morphy's retirement from chess, Anderssen was again regarded as the world's strongest active player, a reputation he reinforced by winning the strong
12268:
7200:
771:, which was the first international chess tournament, organized by Staunton. It was played as a series of matches, and was won convincingly by the German
11839:
7370:
7256:
1033:
Lasker's negotiations for title matches from 1911 onwards were extremely controversial. In 1911, he received a challenge for a world title match against
1027:
111:
5449:
2343:
There were many variations during the world title split between 1993 and 2006. FIDE determined the championship by a single knockout tournament between
11805:
9983:
9766:
8270:
4052:
5826:
5518:
5332:
4727:
1527:. A defeated champion would have the right to a return match. FIDE also limited the number of players from the same country that could compete in the
11183:
10757:
10073:
7912:
7907:
6588:
6877:
5082:
11843:
10737:
9973:
5245:
10138:
5483:
11290:
10703:
10036:
6350:
5626:
5175:
6314:
549:
The game of chess in its modern form emerged in Spain in the 15th century, though rule variations persisted until the late 19th century. Before
12225:
12041:
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broke away from FIDE, which led to a rival claimant to the title of World Champion for the next thirteen years. The titles were unified at the
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466:, the championship has settled on a two-year cycle, with championships occurring every even year. The 2020 and 2022 matches were postponed to
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won the Candidates. Anand won the championship match again, in tie breaking rapid games, for his fourth consecutive world championship win.
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world championship was not held, as the champion (Fischer) refused to defend his title; his challenger (Karpov) became champion by default.
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agreed in principle to a world championship match, but this was never played as Rubinstein could not raise the money. In the early 1920s,
971:. Tarrasch had the better tournament results at the time, but it was Lasker who was able to raise the money to challenge Steinitz. Lasker
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publicly alleged that the Soviets had colluded to prevent any non-Soviet – specifically him – from winning. He claimed that Petrosian,
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1132:, although there has been speculation that the actual contract might have included a "two-game lead" clause. Alekhine, Rubinstein and
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Ding Liren made history by becoming the 17th World Champion in chess, defeating Ian Nepomniachtchi in the final game of the tiebreaks
2384:
world championship was played between the top two finishers of the Candidates, as the champion (Carlsen) refused to defend his title.
745:, who won three strong international tournaments and is often considered the world's leading player around the mid-nineteenth century
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1176:. World War II temporarily prevented any further world title matches, and Alekhine remained world champion until his death in 1946.
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Hendriks, Willy (2020). "1. Footnotes to Greco; 2. The Nimzowitsch of the 17th century; 3. With a little help from the opponent".
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has been an 8-player double round robin tournament, with the winner playing a match against the champion for the title. Norwegian
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The eventual solution was very similar to FIDE's initial proposal and to a proposal put forward by the Soviet Union (authored by
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placed second and Capablanca and Flohr in the bottom places; and the outbreak of World War II in 1939 cut short the controversy.
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wrote "The sceptre of chess, in Europe, has been for the last century, at least, wielded by a Gallic dynasty. It has passed from
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to La Bourdonnais, through the grasp, successively, of Philidor, Bernard, Carlier , and Deschapelles". In 1840, a columnist in
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reigned as World Champion from 1921 to 1927. He proposed the short-lived "London Rules" for future World Championship matches.
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Zonal tournaments: different regional tournaments to qualify for the following stage. Qualifiers from zonals play in the
1674:
486:
33:
2167:, and caused the next match to be postponed from 2020 to 2021. Carlsen again successfully defended his title, defeating
2093:, had short knock-out matches for the Candidates Tournament. This format was not popular with everyone, and world No. 1
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760:, who dominated all of his opposition during his brief chess career before retiring from chess at the age of 21 in 1859
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1853:. Negotiations were held for a reunification match between Kasparov and Karpov in 1996–97, but nothing came of them.
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775:, including a 4–1 semi-final win over Staunton. This established Anderssen as the world's leading player. In 1893,
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alleged were instigated by the two Soviet representatives in FIDE, who were personal friends of reigning champion
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died in 1946 before anyone else could win against him in match for the World Champion title. This resulted in an
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cycles, a rule existed which allowed the champion a rematch if he lost the championship match, leading to the
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was "supposed to be the best Chess-player in the world". Philidor wrote an extremely successful chess book (
443:(the International Chess Federation) took over administration of the World Championship, beginning with the
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defeated Garry Kasparov in 2000, and then became the undisputed world champion by beating Topalov in 2006.
1816:
broke the domination of Kasparov and Karpov by defeating Karpov in the candidates semi-finals followed by
1433:
in which the other six participants at AVRO would play four games against each other. These players were:
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11991:
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10402:
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1200:: either the challenger or both players, with the assistance of financial backers, would contribute to a
853:
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844:
Apart from the Blackburne match, Steinitz played no competitive chess between the Vienna tournaments of
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Since 1948, the world championship has mainly operated on a two or three-year cycle, with four stages:
2164:
1461:, so only five players competed. Botvinnik won convincingly and thus became world champion, ending the
1275:
900:
dominated chess from 1866 to 1894. Some commentators date his time as World Champion from 1866; others
447:. From 1948 to 1993, FIDE organized a set of tournaments to choose a new challenger every three years.
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Crescendo of the Virtuoso: Spectacle, Skill, and Self-Promotion in Paris during the Age of Revolution
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that, if he won, he would resign the title so that younger masters could compete for it. Capablanca
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2063:
in Mexico. This was an 8-player double round robin tournament, the same format as was used for the
1253:, but only Alekhine was able to raise the US$ 10,000 that Capablanca demanded, and not until 1927.
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The Earl of Mexborough's speech to the meeting of Yorkshire Chess Clubs, as reported in the 1845
2024:
1913:
By 2002, not only were there two rival champions, but Kasparov's strong results – he had the top
1707:
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Lasker held the title from 1894 to 1921, the longest reign (27 years) of any champion. He won a
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Soon after, FIDE dropped the short knockout format for a World Championship and announced the
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6667:"The World Chess Championship comes to New York City 11—30 November 2016 | World Chess"
6090:
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1655:, who lost the title match to Petrosian in 1966, but won and became world champion in 1969.
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was the strongest player of the time, though three games between him and the English player
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This cites: a report of Lasker's concerns about the location and duration of the match, in
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legitimised over the FIDE line by FIDE itself. The next world championship will be held in
1234:
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485:
Though the world championship is open to all players, there are separate championships for
2262:
Candidates qualification tournaments. From 1948 to 1993, the only such tournament was the
1710:
to persuade him to play. After a few more traumatic moments Fischer won the match 12½–8½.
8:
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1989:
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1114:
948:. The tournament was duly played, but the outcome was not quite as planned: Chigorin and
9121:
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1429:– had died; but FIDE decided that the championship should be awarded to the winner of a
852:. During that time, Zukertort emerged as the world's leading active player, winning the
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6925:(the 14th World Chess Champion) shares his views on the first 13 World Chess Champions.
6462:
Most likely I finally felt liberated after losing the World Championship title in 2008.
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2274:, a series of tournaments restricted to the top 20 or so players in the world; and the
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challenged Lasker in 1904 but could not raise the money until 1907; in 1911 Lasker and
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1974:
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Attempts to form an international chess federation were made at the time of the 1914
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world championship was determined by an eight-player tournament instead of a match.
2028:
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from the United States. However, FIDE soon accepted a Soviet request to substitute
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Further controversy arose when, in 1912, Lasker's terms for a proposed match with
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2004:
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562:(the first player where complete games survive). Richard Lambe, in his 1764 book
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9649:
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9238:
9101:
9096:
8933:
8928:
8794:
8752:
8722:
8551:
8494:
8382:
8350:
8316:
8309:
8294:
8255:
8250:
8177:
8172:
8017:
7961:
7813:
7775:
7652:
7609:
7575:
7547:
7463:
7374:
6996:
6906:
6380:
6361:
6208:
6059:
5941:
5915:
4956:
3975:
3697:
3368:
3303:
3263:
3224:
3114:
2911:
2855:
2794:
2768:
2660:
2462:
2125:
2113:
2094:
2055:
held the FIDE title from 2000 to 2002, and the unified title from 2007 to 2013.
1781:
1749:
1738:
1714:
1564:
1532:
1454:
1281:
1189:
1023:
987:
968:
870:
822:
818:
803:
598:
452:
417:
6915:– Contains the results, and also some commentary by an amateur chess historian
5132:
4410:
4339:
1292:
Tournaments. On 20 July 1924 the participants at the Paris tournament founded
1022:, although the exact conditions of this match are a mystery. He then defeated
787:
Anderssen was himself decisively beaten in an 1858 match against the American
581:
In the early 19th century, it was generally considered that the French player
12443:
11569:
11554:
11302:
9708:
9698:
9681:
9354:
9337:
9259:
9148:
9106:
9086:
8868:
8850:
8841:
8804:
8737:
8660:
8645:
8600:
8583:
8578:
8568:
8400:
8162:
8100:
7527:
7517:
6407:
5584:
5154:
5040:
5000:
4583:
3633:
3628:
3601:
3467:
2755:
2742:
2729:
2474:
2449:
2098:
1857:
1696:
1678:
1662:
1652:
1640:
1624:
1520:
799:
650:
7234:
5266:
The Steinitz Papers: Letters and Documents of the First World Chess Champion
4079:"World Chess Championship 2021: Decisively decided? • The Tulane Hullabaloo"
2156:. Both the 2016 and 2018 defences were decided by tie-break in rapid games.
11449:
10621:
10056:
9728:
9654:
9639:
9369:
9190:
9173:
9081:
9015:
8958:
8953:
8685:
8680:
8620:
8563:
8454:
8410:
8182:
8167:
8157:
8093:
8059:
8032:
8000:
7942:
6301:
6113:
4044:
4030:
3724:
3692:
3596:
3532:
3331:
3291:
3251:
2807:
2781:
2647:
1983:
1788:(controversially terminated without result with Karpov leading +5 −3 =40),
1457:
for Flohr, and Fine dropped out in order to continue his degree studies in
1118:
6723:
Arkady Dvorkovich: The match for the chess crown will be postponed to 2021
6694:"Magnus Carlsen Beats Fabiano Caruana to win the World Chess Championship"
2355:; meanwhile, the Classical world championship had no qualifying stages in
1188:
world championship matches were financed by arrangements similar to those
10959:
10946:
9003:
8993:
8742:
8705:
8588:
8199:
8194:
8152:
8005:
7483:
6537:"Sofia R7: Topalov beats Kamsky, wins candidates match | Chess News"
6041:
5180:
4113:
On the Origin of Good Moves: A Skeptic's Guide to Getting Better at Chess
3729:
3660:
2830:
2688:
2562:
2083:
1945:, and negotiations began for a Kramnik–Topalov match to unify the title.
1846:
1813:
1628:
1579:
1536:
1446:
1367:
1169:
1046:
788:
757:
680:
6209:"World Chess Championship 1972 Fischer – Spassky Title Match:Highlights"
1588:
1077:
459:, and all subsequent matches have once again been administered by FIDE.
10937:
10839:
10684:
10046:
9644:
8700:
8536:
8526:
8459:
8443:
8135:
7785:
7307:
5370:
5368:
5366:
3852:
3761:
3140:
3003:
2263:
2244:
2196:
2187:
1998:
1922:
1914:
1878:
1817:
1632:
1458:
1442:
1438:
1373:
1363:
1345:
1289:
695:
405:
43:
9744:
8206:
5907:
1953:
665:
10954:
10329:
9659:
8983:
8943:
8546:
8541:
8430:
8405:
8130:
6928:
6756:
5995:
5993:
5509:
5507:
5239:"Steinitz—Chigorin, Havana 1899 – A World Championship Match or Not?"
5230:
3164:
1666:
1658:
1050:
949:
39:
9537:
5363:
5306:
2128:
won the 2013 Candidates and then convincingly defeated Anand in the
893:
10051:
9347:
8390:
7412:
6801:"Lacking Motivation, Magnus Carlsen Will Give Up World Chess Title"
3884:
3665:
3026:
2549:
2213:
1691:
1573:
1434:
1328:
1309:
1285:
1271:
1165:
478:; the next match will return to the normal schedule and be held in
5990:
5504:
4420:. Paul Metzner, Berkeley: University of California Press, c. 1998.
3037:
2298:
it has always been an eight-player, double round-robin tournament.
1515:
In 1956 FIDE introduced two apparently minor changes which Soviet
12295:
8064:
6769:
6491:
Your reign as champion ended with the 2008 defeat to Vishy Anand.
5473:
5471:
3788:
3219:
3212:
2980:
2480:
2469:
1402:
983:
944:
to select a challenger for Steinitz, rather like the more recent
751:
710:
420:, the previous world champion, had declined to defend his title.
6722:
6563:"FIDE World Chess Championship Match – Anand Retains the Title!"
6060:"Index of FIDE Events 1948–1990 : World Chess Championship"
5983:
5942:"Index of FIDE Events 1948–1990 : World Chess Championship"
5107:
5105:
5103:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4333:
4331:
1324:
1312:
match (won by Bogoljubow) as being for the "FIDE championship".
963:
Two young strong players emerged in late 1880s and early 1890s:
8531:
6138:
5846:
5066:
5064:
5015:
Games Played in the London International Chess Tournament, 1883
3820:
3817:
3721:
3689:
3593:
3529:
3499:
3496:
3428:
3363:
3328:
3298:
3288:
3258:
3248:
3127:
3075:
2924:
2868:
2819:
2301:
The championship match between the champion and the challenger.
2270:. However extra qualification events have also been added: the
1770:
1762:
1353:, who had lost the title to Alekhine in 1927; if Euwe lost his
689:, reputed to be the best player in the early nineteenth century
6770:"Statement by FIDE President on Magnus Carlsen's announcement"
6503:
Regulations for the 2007 – 2009 World Chess Championship Cycle
6182:"Fischer, outspoken ex-chess champion, dies of kidney failure"
5501:
30 November 1927 for Alekhine's conditions for a return match.
5468:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5321:
4716:
2366:
A one-off match to reunite the world championship was held in
1968:
1681:
played a World Championship match against Fischer, dubbed the
674:, reputed to be the best player of the late eighteenth century
7984:
6969:
5100:
4742:
4328:
3756:
3395:
3153:
3101:
2957:
2266:. Since 2005, the Interzonal has mainly been replaced by the
2212:, in which Ding will defend his title against the challenger
1542:
The return match clause was not in place for the 1963 cycle.
1354:
909:
world champion. If he won, he would become the new champion.
736:
704:, the world's strongest player from 1821 to his death in 1840
401:
6053:
6051:
5061:
1061:
880:, and Steinitz was the first official World Chess Champion.
719:, generally reckoned the world's leading player of the 1840s
8049:
7433:
6839:
6733:
6670:
6513:
6236:"World Chess Championship 1975: Fischer forfeits to Karpov"
5761:
5641:
5403:
5295:
4674:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), pp.216–217.
3564:
2511:
1293:
1267:
1138:
440:
423:
The first event recognized as a world championship was the
6328:"Many Fans Root For Rebels In Fight With Chess Federation"
5574:
5572:
1124:
The only match played under those rules was Capablanca vs
578:), and some more recent authors have echoed these doubts.
6048:
6032:
5814:
4571:
3625:
2236:
was a one-off tournament to decide a new world champion.
821:; he placed second at the Dundee 1867 tournament, behind
641:
After La Bourdonnais' death in December 1840, Englishman
9723:
7953:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5533:
4024:
888:
5569:
4637:
This can be viewed online at or downloaded as PDF from
3657:
2399:
912:
Steinitz successfully defended his world title against
6913:
Graeme Cree's World Chess Championship Page (archived)
6746:
BREAKING: Carlsen Might Only Defend Title Vs. Firouzja
6641:"Sochi G11: In dramatic finale, Carlsen retains title"
6476:"Vladimir Kramnik Interview: 'I'm Not Afraid To Lose'"
5780:
4982:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.459.
4560:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.263.
4499:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.390.
3849:
2831:
Classical (PCA/Braingames) world champions (1993–2006)
1535:
in 1957 but won the return match in 1958, and lost to
6968:
5873:
5698:
5615:
5441:
4523:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.15.
4446:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.44.
4233:, Oxford University Press, 1992 (2nd edition), p.56.
1930:
from chess in 2005, still ranked No. 1 in the world.
1409:
was the first World Champion under FIDE jurisdiction.
4305:
The exploits and triumphs, in Europe, of Paul Morphy
4020:
3881:
1374:
Birth of FIDE's World Championship cycle (1946–1948)
883:
27:
Competition to determine the World Champion in chess
6832:"Ding Liren makes history, becoming World Champion"
6002:"Yuri Averbakh: An Interview with History – Part 2"
3785:
3457:
3209:
2892:
2609:
2136:successfully defending his title: against Anand in
6447:"Vladimir Kramnik: "It turns out I'm 52, not 40!""
5729:
5727:
4614:
4053:Comparison of top chess players throughout history
3914:
3425:
3360:
3165:World Champions by number of title match victories
1729:
1635:had prearranged to draw all their games, and that
1164:, Alekhine was unexpectedly defeated by the Dutch
873:in 1908, and Reuben Fine in 1952 all do the same.
6891:Anand (15), Carlsen (16) and now Ding Liren (17).
6589:"Magnus Carlsen wins FIDE Candidates' Tournament"
6078:
5579:
4578:
4267:. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 126.
3753:
3392:
2305:There have been a few exceptions to this system:
1800:(drawn 12–12, Kasparov retaining the title), and
1317:of FIDE" quietly vanished after Alekhine won the
12441:
5916:"World Chess Championship FIDE Events 1948–1990"
5017:, British Chess Magazine, 1973 (reprint), p.100.
4253:"A History of Chess", H. J. R. Murray, pp. 882–5
3561:
1937:, a double round robin tournament to be held in
5886:
5724:
5450:"The Mad Aussie's Chess Trivia – Archive No. 3"
5262:
3038:FIDE (reunified) world champions (2006–present)
2014:
1706:and a doubling of the prize money by financier
6870:"Shalom Alekhine: Ding joins the chess greats"
6739:
5647:
5147:
5116:. André Deutsch (now as paperback from Dover).
2325:matches. There were also one-off rematches in
501:. There are also chess world championships in
427:between the two leading players in the world,
12460:Recurring sporting events established in 1886
9760:
7969:
7264:
7250:
6954:
6934:The World Chess Championship by Edward Winter
6798:
5352:
5350:
4337:
4182:"A History of Chess", H. J. R. Murray, p. 870
1026:in the most one-sided title match in history
978:
539:
400:is played to determine the world champion in
6919:Kramnik Interview: From Steinitz to Kasparov
5999:
5786:
5515:"Jose Raul Capablanca: Online Chess Tribute"
5039:
4999:"The Centenary Match, Kasparov–Karpov III",
4811:"Paul Morphy: The Pride and Sorrow of Chess"
4539:
4537:
1646:Beginning in the next cycle, 1963–1966, the
1321:that he and Bogoljubow themselves arranged.
566:, wrote that the 18th-century French player
5754:
4515:
4513:
2247:(up to 1993), knockout world championship (
2190:, the current World Champion (2023–present)
2086:). Anand again won the championship match.
46:of China, the current world champion (2023)
9767:
9753:
7976:
7962:
7257:
7243:
6961:
6947:
6929:Chessgames guide to the World Championship
6615:"World Championship Match – PRESS RELEASE"
5665:
5347:
5236:
5020:
4666:
4664:
4106:
4104:
4058:List of world championships in mind sports
2359:, and only a Candidates tournament in its
2059:Kramnik played to defend his title at the
1807:
1792:(in which Kasparov won the title, 13–11),
1604:
1476:
975:and succeeded Steinitz as world champion.
6325:
6087:"FIDE World Chess Championship 1948–1990"
6026:
4974:
4972:
4534:
4249:
4247:
4216:
4214:
1256:
1062:Capablanca, Alekhine and Euwe (1921–1946)
1014:. In 1910, he almost lost his title in a
645:'s match victory over another Frenchman,
6444:
5208:"Do You Know The World Chess Champions?"
5111:
5045:The Centenary Match, Kasparov–Karpov III
4931:
4906:
4881:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4808:
4638:
4620:
4510:
4262:
4110:
2598:
2182:
2108:
2047:
2023:
1780:He eventually lost his title in 1985 to
1744:
1733:
1673:
1657:
1401:
1323:
1076:
1065:
982:
892:
624:
38:
9774:
6144:
5447:
4855:
4849:
4661:
4397:Jeremy Spinrad believes the author was
4138:
4136:
4101:
4076:
3966:World Correspondence Chess Championship
2351:, and by an eight-player tournament in
1058:by four wins, ten draws and no losses.
629:A depiction of the chess match between
14:
12442:
6907:Mark Weeks' pages on the championships
6691:
6215:from the original on 25 September 2008
6111:
5852:
5820:
5477:
5423:"How Capablanca Became World Champion"
5153:
4969:
4784:
4471:"Early Uses of 'World Chess Champion'"
4317:
4287:
4244:
4211:
4191:
4163:
4145:"Early Uses of 'World Chess Champion'"
2178:
2104:
2019:
1261:
837:, and decisively winning a match over
647:Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant
9748:
7957:
7238:
6942:
6867:
6829:
6704:from the original on 28 November 2018
6647:from the original on 30 November 2014
6272:from the original on 21 February 2022
6242:from the original on 11 December 2008
6233:
6206:
6084:
6066:from the original on 1 September 2014
6057:
5952:from the original on 1 September 2014
5922:from the original on 1 September 2014
5913:
5802:from the original on 10 December 2008
5768:from the original on 14 November 2008
5557:from the original on 16 December 2008
5283:from the original on 30 December 2020
5218:from the original on 11 December 2021
5003:and David Goodman, Batsford 1986, p.9
4829:
4817:from the original on 27 December 2022
4477:from the original on 13 November 2013
4151:from the original on 13 November 2013
4089:from the original on 24 February 2022
1796:(narrowly won by Kasparov, 12½–11½),
1639:had been instructed to lose to them.
1172:teacher. Alekhine convincingly won a
996:return match against Steinitz in 1897
889:Reign of Wilhelm Steinitz (1886–1894)
6126:from the original on 3 December 2008
5970:
5895:from the original on 6 December 2010
5861:from the original on 8 December 2008
5712:from the original on 10 January 2009
5629:from the original on 6 December 2007
4762:Early Uses of 'World Chess Champion'
4370:
4192:Winter, Edward (22 September 2023).
4133:
2400:Pre-FIDE world champions (1886–1946)
2043:
1380:Interregnum of World Chess Champions
1168:, an amateur player who worked as a
833:in 1872 (7–1, 4 draws), winning the
825:; and he again placed second at the
726:
6846:from the original on 24 August 2023
6692:Mather, Victor (28 November 2018).
6539:. Chessbase.com. 26 February 2009.
6473:
6262:"The chess games of Garry Kasparov"
4856:Kaufman, Larry (4 September 2023).
1886:won the FIDE World Championship in
1437:, from the Netherlands; Botvinnik,
1335:in 1935 but lost a rematch in 1937.
1331:became World Champion by defeating
1224:match (London, 1866); Steinitz and
24:
9787:List of world sports championships
6326:Lundstrom, Harold (23 July 1993).
6162:from the original on 6 August 2011
5823:"Chess Notes Archive [17]"
5669:Classical Chess Matches, 1907–1913
5429:from the original on 12 March 2018
5420:
4649:from the original on 20 March 2022
4642:Google books: The Chess Tournament
4468:
4292:. London: C.J. Skeet. p. 381.
4142:
2388:
2228:After the death of world champion
2065:FIDE World Chess Championship 2005
1935:FIDE World Chess Championship 2005
1875:FIDE World Chess Championship 1998
1851:FIDE World Chess Championship 1996
445:1948 World Championship tournament
32:For the women's championship, see
25:
12471:
7277:List of World Chess Championships
6900:
6811:from the original on 21 July 2022
6780:from the original on 20 July 2022
6569:from the original on 8 March 2013
6543:from the original on 1 March 2009
6516:online. Undated, but reported in
6340:from the original on 23 July 1993
5976:The World Chess Championship 1963
5603:from the original on 28 June 2008
5517:. chessmaniac.com. 28 June 2007.
5126:
4602:from the original on 28 June 2008
4387:from the original on 15 June 2008
4352:from the original on 25 June 2008
4077:Henshaw, Jack (9 December 2021).
3986:World Computer Chess Championship
2395:List of World Chess Championships
2082:. He won the Candidates (against
1843:PCA World Chess Championship 1995
1726:decisively with a score of 10–5.
1546:won the 1962 Candidates and then
884:Champions before FIDE (1886–1946)
827:Baden-Baden 1870 chess tournament
535:List of World Chess Championships
54:List of World Chess Championships
9722:
9393:List of strong chess tournaments
7937:
7928:
7927:
6909:– Contains all results and games
6880:from the original on 16 May 2023
6861:
6823:
6792:
6762:
6716:
6621:from the original on 7 June 2013
6445:McGourty, Colin (26 June 2015).
6188:from the original on 16 May 2008
6014:from the original on 26 May 2014
5733:
5521:from the original on 13 May 2008
5335:from the original on 24 May 2008
5251:from the original on 30 May 2008
5088:from the original on 8 June 2020
4978:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld,
4730:from the original on 16 May 2008
4670:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld,
4556:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld,
4519:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld,
4495:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld,
4442:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld,
4229:David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld,
4037:
4023:
3996:World Chess Solving Championship
3946:World Amateur Chess Championship
3924:Women's World Chess Championship
3883:
3851:
3819:
3787:
3755:
3723:
3691:
3659:
3627:
3595:
3563:
3531:
3498:
3466:
3459:
3427:
3394:
3362:
3330:
3297:
3290:
3257:
3250:
3218:
3211:
3146:
3120:
3094:
3068:
3019:
2996:
2973:
2950:
2917:
2893:FIDE world champions (1993–2006)
2861:
2812:
2800:
2774:
2748:
2640:
2610:FIDE world champions (1948–1993)
2583:
2555:
2530:
2504:
2479:
2468:
2442:
2430:
1997:
1982:
1967:
1952:
1701:United States Secretary of State
1587:
1572:
1557:
1366:under a tie-breaking rule, with
750:
735:
709:
694:
679:
664:
603:a long series of matches in 1834
404:. The current world champion is
34:Women's World Chess Championship
8366:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
6685:
6659:
6643:. ChessBase. 23 November 2014.
6633:
6607:
6595:from the original on 7 May 2013
6581:
6555:
6529:
6496:
6467:
6438:
6419:
6397:
6374:
6355:
6319:
6292:"Battle off the boards hots up"
6284:
6254:
6227:
6200:
6174:
6105:
5964:
5934:
5829:from the original on 9 May 2008
5659:
5586:Chess History And Reminiscences
5486:from the original on 9 May 2008
5376:"1921 World Chess Championship"
5200:
5168:
5120:
5047:. Collier Books. pp. 1–2.
5033:
5006:
4993:
4950:
4925:
4900:
4875:
4802:
4778:
4697:
4685:
4621:Staunton, Howard (April 2003).
4585:Chess History And Reminiscences
4577:Section "Progress of Chess" in
4550:
4489:
4457:
4436:
4423:
4404:
4364:
4324:. Charles J. Skeet. p. 38.
4311:
4296:
4281:
4256:
3941:World Senior Chess Championship
3929:World Junior Chess Championship
3915:Other world chess championships
2007:, FIDE World Champion 2005–2006
1992:, FIDE World Champion 2004–2005
1977:, FIDE World Champion 2002–2004
1962:, FIDE World Champion 1999–2000
1730:Karpov and Kasparov (1975–1993)
767:An important milestone was the
672:François-André Danican Philidor
568:François-André Danican Philidor
11806:long distance mountain running
6868:Keene, Raymond (13 May 2023).
6830:Dinic, Milan (30 April 2023).
6799:Victor Mather (20 July 2022).
6038:The Games of Robert J. Fischer
4936:. Everyman Chess. p. 59.
4911:. Everyman Chess. p. 31.
4886:. Everyman Chess. p. 55.
4858:"Accuracy, Ratings, and GOATs"
4223:
4185:
4176:
4070:
3961:World Blitz Chess Championship
3956:World Rapid Chess Championship
3935:World Youth Chess Championship
1823:Professional Chess Association
1821:split from FIDE to set up the
1651:Candidates cycles were won by
1421:was used as the basis for the
544:
13:
1:
10265:Olympic Class Combined Worlds
9491:Computer chess championships
6150:"Remembering Max Euwe Part 1"
5855:"World Championship Disorder"
5578:Section "Stakes at Chess" in
5480:"Capablanca v Alekhine, 1927"
5114:The World's Great Chess Games
5072:"Ready for a big chess match"
4980:The Oxford Companion to Chess
4934:My Great Predecessors, Vol. I
4909:My Great Predecessors, Vol. I
4884:My Great Predecessors, Vol. I
4785:Doazan, Gabriel-Éloy (1859).
4672:The Oxford Companion to Chess
4558:The Oxford Companion to Chess
4521:The Oxford Companion to Chess
4497:The Oxford Companion to Chess
4467:(with the cover date 1846) –
4444:The Oxford Companion to Chess
4231:The Oxford Companion to Chess
4063:
2234:World Chess Championship 1948
2173:World Chess Championship 2021
2130:World Chess Championship 2013
2091:World Chess Championship 2012
2080:World Chess Championship 2010
2076:World Chess Championship 2008
2067:. This tournament was won by
2061:World Chess Championship 2007
2037:World Chess Championship 2006
1802:World Chess Championship 1990
1798:World Chess Championship 1987
1794:World Chess Championship 1986
1790:World Chess Championship 1985
1786:World Chess Championship 1984
1619:World Chess Championship 1972
1615:World Chess Championship 1969
1611:World Chess Championship 1966
1507:World Chess Championship 1963
1503:World Chess Championship 1961
1499:World Chess Championship 1960
1495:World Chess Championship 1958
1491:World Chess Championship 1957
1487:World Chess Championship 1954
1483:World Chess Championship 1951
1319:1929 world championship match
1296:as a kind of players' union.
940:before), and resulted in the
863:World Chess Championship 1886
601:. He and McDonnell contested
457:World Chess Championship 2006
414:2023 World Chess Championship
12455:World championships in chess
10635:Ju-Jitsu World Championships
7223:Chess national championships
6300:. p. 19. Archived from
5841:Schweizerische Schachzeitung
5792:"Whose Title Is it, Anyway?"
4724:"I grandi matches 1850–1864"
2015:Reunified title (since 2006)
1769:(6–5 with 21 draws) then in
1724:1992 Fischer–Spassky rematch
1695:challenge reigning champion
1423:1948 Championship Tournament
1342:Royal Dutch Chess Federation
1216:match (Paris, 1843) and the
1179:
858:London 1883 chess tournament
835:Vienna 1873 chess tournament
796:London 1862 chess tournament
769:London 1851 chess tournament
474:respectively because of the
408:, who defeated his opponent
7:
9268:Bishop and knight checkmate
7298:FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament
7287:Knockout format (1998–2004)
6972:international championships
6565:. Fide.com. 20 April 2010.
6474:Cox, David (18 July 2019).
4704:1858–59 Paul Morphy Matches
4371:G.W. (July–December 1840).
4194:"Jeremy Silman (1954-2023)"
4016:
4006:World Chess960 Championship
2089:The next championship, the
2040:been administered by FIDE.
1623:After the 1962 Candidates,
1445:from the Soviet Union; and
942:1889 tournament in New York
854:Paris 1878 chess tournament
815:Paris 1867 chess tournament
10:
12476:
9436:Other world championships
6836:worldchampionship.fide.com
6591:. Fide.com. 1 April 2013.
5541:"From the Editorial Chair"
5356:"From Morphy to Fischer",
5237:Thulin, A. (August 2007).
5026:"From Morphy to Fischer",
4842:"From Morphy to Fischer",
4543:"From Morphy to Fischer",
4429:"From Morphy to Fischer",
3880:
3848:
3816:
3784:
3752:
3720:
3688:
3656:
3624:
3592:
3560:
3528:
3495:
3456:
3424:
3391:
3359:
3327:
3287:
3247:
3208:
2392:
2165:2020 Candidates Tournament
2116:, World Champion 2013–2023
1608:
1597:, World Champion 1963–1969
1582:, World Champion 1960–1961
1567:, World Champion 1957–1958
1550:to become world champion.
1548:defeated Botvinnik in 1963
1480:
1377:
1276:AVRO 1938 chess tournament
1265:
979:Emanuel Lasker (1894–1921)
540:Early champions (pre-1886)
532:
528:
247:Split titles (Classical):
31:
12450:World Chess Championships
12423:
12354:Mobile Legends: Bang Bang
12294:
11703:
11322:
11315:
11238:
11010:
10945:
10936:
10838:
10683:
10620:
10527:
10461:
10452:
10367:
10009:
9804:
9795:
9782:
9717:
9627:
9530:
9383:
9278:Opposite-coloured bishops
9258:
9204:
9067:
8909:
8849:
8840:
8751:
8619:
8480:
8381:
8217:
8121:
7991:
7983:
7923:
7807:Other world championships
7806:
7716:
7633:
7592:
7585:
7432:
7321:
7272:
7266:World Chess Championships
7216:
7070:
6977:
6523:21 September 2007 at the
6518:Chessbase on 24 June 2007
6184:. ESPN. 19 January 2008.
5394:"Emanuel Lasker column".
5043:; Goodman, David (1986).
4966:, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
4713:, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
4639:Staunton, Howard (1852).
3181:
3178:
3175:
2915:
2859:
2638:
2219:
956:. The third prizewinner,
856:. Zukertort then won the
572:Analyse du jeu des Échecs
9410:World Chess Championship
8371:World Chess Hall of Fame
6751:14 December 2021 at the
6617:. Fide.com. 7 May 2013.
6508:10 December 2008 at the
6431:3 September 2008 at the
6367:10 February 2020 at the
6036:; O'Connell, K. (1972).
5891:. Chess History Center.
5887:Winter, E. (2003–2004).
5303:"New York 1889 and 1924"
5263:Landsberger, K. (2002).
5030:, (Batsford, 1973), p.24
4932:Kasparov, Garry (2003).
4907:Kasparov, Garry (2003).
4882:Kasparov, Garry (2003).
4767:13 November 2013 at the
4694:, 24 February 1856, p. 5
4465:Chess Player's Chronicle
4373:"The Café de la Régence"
4263:Golombek, Harry (1976).
928:, and Chigorin again in
398:World Chess Championship
18:World chess championship
11286:Radio-controlled racing
9704:Simultaneous exhibition
9614:Chess newspaper columns
9303:Rook and bishop vs rook
9288:Queen and pawn vs queen
6386:6 February 2021 at the
5546:Lasker's Chess Magazine
5129:"World Chess Champions"
4846:, (Batsford, 1973) p.16
4321:Chess and Chess-Players
4318:Walker, George (1850).
4290:Chess and Chess-Players
4288:Walker, George (1850).
3931:(under 20 years of age)
2279:the previous cycle, on
1827:Kasparov defeated Short
1808:Split title (1993–2006)
1605:FIDE system (1963–1975)
1477:FIDE system (1949–1963)
937:American Chess Congress
841:7–0 (0 draws) in 1876.
839:Joseph Henry Blackburne
702:Louis de la Bourdonnais
591:Louis de la Bourdonnais
12269:long distance duathlon
11925:mountain bike marathon
11291:1:10 electric off-road
10549:Bobsleigh and skeleton
10074:Bobsleigh and skeleton
9154:Richter–Veresov Attack
9142:Queen's Indian Defence
6426:Interview with Kramnik
5653:From Morphy to Fischer
4962:13 August 2007 at the
4957:1883 London Tournament
4788:Labourdonnais – Morphy
4547:, (Batsford, 1973) p.4
4433:, (Batsford, 1973) p.3
4340:"Early World Rankings"
4169:"A History of Chess",
2191:
2117:
2056:
2032:
1777:(6–2, with 10 draws).
1765:, the Philippines, in
1753:
1742:
1686:
1683:"Match of the Century"
1671:
1648:round-robin tournament
1431:round-robin tournament
1410:
1336:
1257:FIDE title (1948–1993)
1121:promptly signed them.
1085:
1074:
991:
946:Candidates Tournaments
905:
687:Alexandre Deschapelles
638:
637:, on 16 December 1843.
583:Alexandre Deschapelles
47:
10489:Wheelchair basketball
9813:Association football
9420:Candidates Tournament
9308:Rook and pawn vs rook
9273:King and pawn vs king
9224:List of chess gambits
9127:King's Indian Defence
8805:Isolated Queen's Pawn
8329:List of chess players
8271:Top player comparison
8070:Internet chess server
7313:Candidates Tournament
6413:12 April 2012 at the
6362:The Week in Chess 127
6114:"Ed Edmondson Letter"
6000:Kingston, T. (2002).
5396:New York Evening Post
5360:, (Batsford, 1973) 39
4692:Bell's Life in London
4083:The Tulane Hullabaloo
2393:Further information:
2292:Candidates Tournament
2186:
2122:Candidates Tournament
2112:
2097:withdrew in protest.
2051:
2027:
1748:
1737:
1677:
1661:
1609:Further information:
1529:Candidates Tournament
1481:Further information:
1471:Candidates Tournament
1405:
1327:
1080:
1069:
986:
896:
817:, behind Kolisch and
628:
533:Further information:
272:Split titles (FIDE):
42:
12375:Pro Evolution Soccer
12089:inline speed skating
11680:Synchronized skating
10997:Sports Car Endurance
10645:Kickboxing (amateur)
9132:Nimzo-Indian Defence
9028:Scandinavian Defense
8989:Semi-Italian Opening
8894:King's Indian Attack
8783:first-move advantage
8436:Threefold repetition
8361:Bobby Fischer Center
8246:Charlemagne chessmen
8240:Göttingen manuscript
8204:
8045:Correspondence chess
7201:Intercollegiate Team
6512:, sections 4 and 5,
6404:Topalov Kramnik 2006
6394:206, 19 October 1998
5790:, Y. (August 1998).
5214:. 19 December 2015.
4709:25 June 2007 at the
4625:. Hardinge Simpole.
4623:The Chess Tournament
4010:Fischer random chess
3570:José Raúl Capablanca
2499:José Raúl Capablanca
1849:in the final of the
1427:José Raúl Capablanca
1351:José Raúl Capablanca
1071:José Raúl Capablanca
1056:won their 1921 match
1035:José Raúl Capablanca
653:, co-founder of the
564:The History of Chess
519:Fischer random chess
451:, reigning champion
11345:Australian football
10630:Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
10503:Wheelchair curling
10494:Wheelchair handball
9776:World championships
9365:Two knights endgame
9112:Bogo-Indian Defence
8999:Two Knights Defense
8939:Nimzowitsch Defence
8629:Artificial castling
8266:Soviet chess school
8141:Dubrovnik chess set
6728:1 July 2020 at the
6304:on 28 February 1993
5666:Wilson, F. (1975).
5329:"I matches 1880/99"
4416:12 May 2008 at the
4338:Jeremy P. Spinrad.
3951:Other time limits:
3919:Restricted events:
3858:Rustam Kasimdzhanov
3826:Alexander Khalifman
2991:Rustam Kasimdzhanov
2935:Alexander Khalifman
2179:Ding (2023–present)
2105:Carlsen (2013–2023)
2020:Kramnik (2006–2007)
1990:Rustam Kasimdzhanov
1960:Alexander Khalifman
1939:San Luis, Argentina
1904:Rustam Kasimdzhanov
1884:Alexander Khalifman
1519:and chess official
1362:in 1938 was won by
1262:FIDE, Euwe and AVRO
865:, won by Steinitz.
782:Heydebrand der Laza
595:Alexander McDonnell
12154:ski mountaineering
12003:Modern pentathlon
11570:Quidditch/Quadball
11329:American football
11296:1:8 nitro off-road
10763:chinese eight ball
10519:Sitting volleyball
9595:endgame literature
9137:Old Indian Defense
9047:Accelerated Dragon
8919:Alekhine's Defence
8651:Checkmate patterns
8520:symbols in Unicode
8515:annotation symbols
8278:Geography of chess
8146:Staunton chess set
7129:EU Individual Open
7002:Olympiad (women's)
6759:, 21 December 2021
6698:The New York Times
6381:Kasparov Interview
6297:The Indian Express
6155:. The Chess Cafe.
6044:. pp. 331–46.
6007:. The Chess Cafe.
5946:www.mark-weeks.com
5686:on 20 January 2005
5623:"Lasker biography"
5382:on 20 January 2005
5188:on 1 November 2009
5176:"Wilhelm Steinitz"
5158:"Wilhelm Steinitz"
5079:The New York Times
4265:A History of Chess
3937:(lower age groups)
3434:Alexander Alekhine
2578:Alexander Alekhine
2525:Alexander Alekhine
2230:Alexander Alekhine
2192:
2169:Ian Nepomniachtchi
2118:
2057:
2033:
1927:Kramnik–Leko match
1845:. Karpov defeated
1831:Karpov beat Timman
1754:
1743:
1687:
1672:
1411:
1385:Alexander Alekhine
1337:
1333:Alexander Alekhine
1192:described for his
1086:
1082:Alexander Alekhine
1075:
992:
973:won the 1894 match
906:
831:Johannes Zukertort
639:
635:Pierre Saint-Amant
555:Johannes Zukertort
437:Alexander Alekhine
433:Johannes Zukertort
410:Ian Nepomniachtchi
317:Reunified (FIDE):
48:
12437:
12436:
12419:
12418:
12382:Rainbow Six Siege
12347:League of Legends
12134:practical shotgun
12124:practical handgun
11690:Underwater hockey
11311:
11310:
11012:Motorcycle sports
10901:draughts-64 women
10738:English billiards
10616:
10615:
10454:Paralympic sports
10448:
10447:
10250:Modern pentathlon
9742:
9741:
9619:Chess periodicals
9548:Chess in the arts
9480:Chess composition
9318:Philidor position
9254:
9253:
9196:Trompowsky Attack
9179:Semi-Slav Defence
9069:Queen's Pawn Game
8949:Four Knights Game
8924:Caro–Kann Defence
8889:Zukertort Opening
8676:Discovered attack
8396:Cheating in chess
8233:Versus de scachis
7951:
7950:
7712:
7711:
7232:
7231:
6755:, Peter Doggers,
6673:on 25 August 2016
6406:, book review by
6392:The Week in Chess
5581:Henry Edward Bird
5164:on 17 April 2012.
5112:Fine, R. (1952).
5081:. 11 March 1894.
4580:Henry Edward Bird
4377:Fraser's Magazine
4122:978-90-5691-879-8
3912:
3911:
3794:Ruslan Ponomariov
3401:Viswanathan Anand
3337:Mikhail Botvinnik
3162:
3161:
3089:Viswanathan Anand
3035:
3034:
2968:Ruslan Ponomariov
2945:Viswanathan Anand
2890:
2889:
2828:
2827:
2704:Mikhail Botvinnik
2676:Mikhail Botvinnik
2635:Mikhail Botvinnik
2607:
2606:
2201:2023 championship
2161:COVID-19 pandemic
2069:Viswanathan Anand
2053:Viswanathan Anand
2044:Anand (2007–2013)
1975:Ruslan Ponomariov
1896:Ruslan Ponomariov
1839:Viswanathan Anand
1525:Mikhail Botvinnik
1415:Mikhail Botvinnik
1407:Mikhail Botvinnik
1358:to Alekhine; the
1245:, Rubinstein and
1008:Siegbert Tarrasch
965:Siegbert Tarrasch
727:From 1851 to 1886
619:Fraser's Magazine
476:COVID-19 pandemic
394:
393:
16:(Redirected from
12467:
12094:roller freestyle
12074:artistic skating
11811:snowshoe running
11801:mountain running
11695:Underwater rugby
11320:
11319:
11245:Aeroplane sport
10943:
10942:
10692:Carom billiards
10499:Wheelchair rugby
10473:Para ice hockey
10459:
10458:
10238:artificial track
9879:Beach volleyball
9802:
9801:
9769:
9762:
9755:
9746:
9745:
9729:Chess portal
9727:
9726:
9670:Leela Chess Zero
9601:Oxford Companion
9553:early literature
9543:Chess aesthetics
9283:Pawnless endgame
9234:Bongcloud Attack
9212:List of openings
9184:Chigorin Defense
9122:Grünfeld Defence
9033:Sicilian Defence
8979:Ponziani Opening
8974:Philidor Defence
8969:Petrov's Defence
8911:King's Pawn Game
8884:Larsen's Opening
8847:
8846:
8208:
7978:
7971:
7964:
7955:
7954:
7941:
7931:
7930:
7590:
7589:
7259:
7252:
7245:
7236:
7235:
7227:
7221:
6963:
6956:
6949:
6940:
6939:
6923:Vladimir Kramnik
6894:
6893:
6887:
6885:
6865:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6851:
6827:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6796:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6776:. 20 July 2022.
6766:
6760:
6743:
6737:
6720:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6669:. Archived from
6663:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6637:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6611:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6585:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6533:
6527:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6486:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6457:
6442:
6436:
6423:
6417:
6401:
6395:
6378:
6372:
6359:
6353:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6333:The Deseret News
6323:
6317:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6204:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6167:
6161:
6154:
6146:Sosonko, Gennadi
6142:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6125:
6118:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6089:. Archived from
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6055:
6046:
6045:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6013:
6006:
5997:
5988:
5987:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5884:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5850:
5844:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5742:on 3 August 2009
5738:. Archived from
5731:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5682:. Archived from
5663:
5657:
5656:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5576:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5553:. January 1905.
5537:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5511:
5502:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5475:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5452:. Archived from
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5421:Winter, Edward.
5418:
5401:
5399:
5398:. 15 March 1911.
5391:
5389:
5387:
5378:. Archived from
5372:
5361:
5354:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5305:. Archived from
5299:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5250:
5243:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5184:. Archived from
5172:
5166:
5165:
5160:. Archived from
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5135:on 23 April 2008
5131:. Archived from
5124:
5118:
5117:
5109:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5087:
5076:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5037:
5031:
5024:
5018:
5010:
5004:
4997:
4991:
4976:
4967:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4853:
4847:
4840:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4793:
4782:
4776:
4773:Edward G. Winter
4759:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4720:
4714:
4701:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4668:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4636:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4575:
4569:
4554:
4548:
4541:
4532:
4517:
4508:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4469:Winter, Edward.
4461:
4455:
4440:
4434:
4427:
4421:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4344:
4335:
4326:
4325:
4315:
4309:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4242:
4227:
4221:
4218:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4198:chesshistory.com
4189:
4183:
4180:
4174:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4143:Winter, Edward.
4140:
4131:
4130:
4115:. New in Chess.
4108:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4074:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4001:Chess variants:
3991:Chess Problems:
3981:Computer chess:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3540:
3538:Tigran Petrosian
3536:
3535:
3507:
3505:Vladimir Kramnik
3503:
3502:
3475:
3473:Wilhelm Steinitz
3471:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3173:
3172:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3063:Vladimir Kramnik
3042:
3041:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2897:
2896:
2882:Vladimir Kramnik
2867:
2865:
2864:
2835:
2834:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2717:Tigran Petrosian
2646:
2644:
2643:
2614:
2613:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2484:
2483:
2473:
2472:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2425:Wilhelm Steinitz
2404:
2403:
2199:, played in the
2120:Since 2013, the
2029:Vladimir Kramnik
2001:
1986:
1971:
1956:
1862:Vladimir Kramnik
1595:Tigran Petrosian
1591:
1576:
1561:
1544:Tigran Petrosian
1451:Samuel Reshevsky
1198:Wilhelm Steinitz
1043:Akiba Rubinstein
1016:short tied match
914:Mikhail Chigorin
898:Wilhelm Steinitz
811:Wilhelm Steinitz
754:
739:
713:
698:
683:
668:
576:Modenese Masters
551:Wilhelm Steinitz
495:lower age groups
429:Wilhelm Steinitz
50:
49:
21:
12475:
12474:
12470:
12469:
12468:
12466:
12465:
12464:
12440:
12439:
12438:
12433:
12415:
12290:
12209:SUP/paddleboard
12186:Summer biathlon
12129:practical rifle
12084:inline downhill
11699:
11438:Formation Latin
11307:
11234:
11189:team long track
11006:
10932:
10834:
10778:women nine-ball
10679:
10668:beach wrestling
10612:
10523:
10444:
10363:
10114:mountain biking
10005:
9791:
9778:
9773:
9743:
9738:
9721:
9713:
9623:
9609:Chess libraries
9526:
9430:FIDE Grand Prix
9425:Chess World Cup
9379:
9375:Wrong rook pawn
9313:Lucena position
9250:
9200:
9117:Catalan Opening
9092:English Defence
9077:Budapest Gambit
9063:
9021:Austrian Attack
8905:
8874:English Opening
8836:
8832:School of chess
8815:Minority attack
8747:
8716:Queen sacrifice
8615:
8476:
8472:White and Black
8467:Touch-move rule
8426:Perpetual check
8421:Fifty-move rule
8377:
8213:
8210:
8117:
7987:
7982:
7952:
7947:
7919:
7802:
7708:
7629:
7581:
7428:
7317:
7303:FIDE Grand Prix
7293:Chess World Cup
7289:
7268:
7263:
7233:
7228:
7225:
7219:
7212:
7170:North American
7066:
6997:Olympiad (open)
6973:
6967:
6903:
6898:
6897:
6883:
6881:
6866:
6862:
6849:
6847:
6828:
6824:
6814:
6812:
6797:
6793:
6783:
6781:
6768:
6767:
6763:
6753:Wayback Machine
6744:
6740:
6730:Wayback Machine
6721:
6717:
6707:
6705:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6674:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6650:
6648:
6639:
6638:
6634:
6624:
6622:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6598:
6596:
6587:
6586:
6582:
6572:
6570:
6561:
6560:
6556:
6546:
6544:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6525:Wayback Machine
6510:Wayback Machine
6501:
6497:
6484:
6482:
6472:
6468:
6455:
6453:
6443:
6439:
6433:Wayback Machine
6424:
6420:
6415:Wayback Machine
6402:
6398:
6388:Wayback Machine
6379:
6375:
6371:, 14 April 1997
6369:Wayback Machine
6360:
6356:
6343:
6341:
6324:
6320:
6307:
6305:
6290:
6289:
6285:
6275:
6273:
6260:
6259:
6255:
6245:
6243:
6232:
6228:
6218:
6216:
6205:
6201:
6191:
6189:
6180:
6179:
6175:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6152:
6143:
6139:
6129:
6127:
6123:
6116:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6094:
6093:on 20 July 2008
6083:
6079:
6069:
6067:
6056:
6049:
6031:
6027:
6017:
6015:
6011:
6004:
5998:
5991:
5969:
5965:
5955:
5953:
5940:
5939:
5935:
5925:
5923:
5912:
5908:
5898:
5896:
5885:
5874:
5864:
5862:
5851:
5847:
5832:
5830:
5819:
5815:
5805:
5803:
5785:
5781:
5771:
5769:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5745:
5743:
5732:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5706:"New York 1924"
5704:
5703:
5699:
5689:
5687:
5680:
5664:
5660:
5646:
5642:
5632:
5630:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5604:
5597:
5577:
5570:
5560:
5558:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5524:
5522:
5513:
5512:
5505:
5489:
5487:
5476:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5446:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5419:
5404:
5393:
5385:
5383:
5374:
5373:
5364:
5358:Israel Horowitz
5355:
5348:
5338:
5336:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5312:
5310:
5309:on 19 June 2008
5301:
5300:
5296:
5286:
5284:
5277:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5241:
5235:
5231:
5221:
5219:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5125:
5121:
5110:
5101:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5038:
5034:
5028:Israel Horowitz
5025:
5021:
5011:
5007:
4998:
4994:
4977:
4970:
4964:Wayback Machine
4955:
4951:
4944:
4930:
4926:
4919:
4905:
4901:
4894:
4880:
4876:
4866:
4864:
4854:
4850:
4844:Israel Horowitz
4841:
4830:
4820:
4818:
4807:
4803:
4791:
4783:
4779:
4769:Wayback Machine
4760:
4743:
4733:
4731:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4711:Wayback Machine
4702:
4698:
4690:
4686:
4669:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4633:
4619:
4615:
4605:
4603:
4596:
4576:
4572:
4555:
4551:
4545:Israel Horowitz
4542:
4535:
4518:
4511:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4462:
4458:
4441:
4437:
4431:Israel Horowitz
4428:
4424:
4418:Wayback Machine
4409:
4405:
4390:
4388:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4336:
4329:
4316:
4312:
4307:, 1859 page 115
4301:
4297:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4245:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4212:
4202:
4200:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4171:H. J. R. Murray
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4141:
4134:
4123:
4109:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4019:
3917:
3890:Veselin Topalov
3882:
3850:
3818:
3786:
3754:
3722:
3690:
3658:
3626:
3594:
3562:
3530:
3497:
3465:
3458:
3426:
3393:
3361:
3329:
3296:
3289:
3256:
3249:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3167:
3147:
3145:
3121:
3119:
3095:
3093:
3069:
3067:
3040:
3020:
3018:
3014:Veselin Topalov
2997:
2995:
2974:
2972:
2951:
2949:
2918:
2916:
2895:
2862:
2860:
2833:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2801:
2799:
2775:
2773:
2749:
2747:
2641:
2639:
2612:
2584:
2582:
2556:
2554:
2531:
2529:
2505:
2503:
2486:German Republic
2478:
2477:
2467:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2438:Austria-Hungary
2431:
2429:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:World champions
2272:FIDE Grand Prix
2268:Chess World Cup
2257:Chess World Cup
2222:
2181:
2150:Fabiano Caruana
2142:Sergey Karjakin
2107:
2046:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:Veselin Topalov
2002:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1943:Veselin Topalov
1919:Yasser Seirawan
1879:Rapid and blitz
1810:
1759:Viktor Korchnoi
1732:
1704:Henry Kissinger
1637:Viktor Korchnoi
1621:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1509:
1479:
1419:AVRO tournament
1382:
1376:
1360:AVRO tournament
1278:
1266:Main articles:
1264:
1259:
1249:all challenged
1182:
1174:rematch in 1937
1147:Efim Bogoljubov
1064:
1020:Carl Schlechter
981:
958:Isidor Gunsberg
954:Rothschild Bank
922:Isidor Gunsberg
891:
886:
773:Adolf Anderssen
765:
764:
763:
762:
761:
755:
747:
746:
743:Adolf Anderssen
740:
729:
724:
723:
722:
721:
720:
717:Howard Staunton
714:
706:
705:
699:
691:
690:
684:
676:
675:
669:
655:Berlin Pleiades
643:Howard Staunton
631:Howard Staunton
560:Gioachino Greco
558:Italian player
547:
542:
537:
531:
515:problem solving
390:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12473:
12463:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12435:
12434:
12432:
12431:
12424:
12421:
12420:
12417:
12416:
12414:
12413:
12406:
12399:
12392:
12385:
12378:
12371:
12364:
12357:
12350:
12343:
12336:
12329:
12322:
12315:
12312:Counter-Strike
12308:
12300:
12298:
12292:
12291:
12289:
12288:
12283:
12282:
12281:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12259:cross duathlon
12256:
12251:
12246:
12241:
12236:
12228:
12223:
12222:
12221:
12213:
12212:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12188:
12183:
12182:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12163:
12162:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12138:
12137:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12118:
12117:
12116:
12111:
12103:
12102:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12050:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12026:
12021:
12020:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12001:
11996:
11995:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11976:
11975:
11974:
11969:
11961:
11956:
11955:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11934:
11933:
11932:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11909:
11904:
11903:
11902:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11864:
11863:
11862:
11857:
11849:
11848:
11847:
11833:
11825:
11824:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11770:
11769:
11768:
11763:
11758:
11750:
11745:
11744:
11743:
11735:
11734:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11707:
11705:
11701:
11700:
11698:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11666:
11665:
11660:
11652:
11651:
11650:
11645:
11637:
11636:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11617:
11616:
11615:
11610:
11604:Roller hockey
11602:
11601:
11600:
11595:
11587:
11582:
11577:
11572:
11567:
11562:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11546:
11545:
11537:
11532:
11531:
11530:
11525:
11517:
11512:
11511:
11510:
11505:
11499:Indoor hockey
11497:
11496:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11480:
11472:
11471:
11470:
11465:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11441:
11440:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11415:Beach handball
11412:
11411:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11382:
11381:
11380:
11375:
11370:
11365:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11341:
11340:
11335:
11326:
11324:
11317:
11313:
11312:
11309:
11308:
11306:
11305:
11300:
11299:
11298:
11293:
11283:
11282:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11258:
11257:
11256:
11251:
11242:
11240:
11236:
11235:
11233:
11232:
11231:
11230:
11222:
11221:
11220:
11210:
11209:
11208:
11198:
11197:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11168:
11163:
11162:
11161:
11151:
11150:
11149:
11144:
11142:Supersport 300
11139:
11134:
11126:
11125:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11112:SuperMotocross
11109:
11104:
11099:
11098:
11097:
11084:
11083:
11082:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11059:
11058:
11057:
11052:
11044:
11043:
11042:
11040:team endurance
11037:
11032:
11022:
11016:
11014:
11008:
11007:
11005:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10993:
10992:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10951:
10949:
10940:
10934:
10933:
10931:
10930:
10925:
10920:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10904:
10903:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10875:
10874:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10855:
10850:
10844:
10842:
10836:
10835:
10833:
10832:
10831:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10802:
10801:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10783:team nine-ball
10780:
10775:
10770:
10765:
10760:
10752:
10751:
10750:
10745:
10735:
10734:
10733:
10728:
10727:
10726:
10721:
10713:
10712:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10695:Three-cushion
10689:
10687:
10681:
10680:
10678:
10677:
10672:
10671:
10670:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10626:
10624:
10618:
10617:
10614:
10613:
10611:
10610:
10605:
10600:
10599:
10598:
10593:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10569:
10568:
10563:
10555:
10550:
10547:
10542:
10537:
10531:
10529:
10525:
10524:
10522:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10510:
10509:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10485:
10484:
10479:
10471:
10469:Blind football
10465:
10463:
10456:
10450:
10449:
10446:
10445:
10443:
10442:
10441:
10440:
10435:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10411:
10410:
10405:
10397:
10392:
10391:
10390:
10385:
10377:
10371:
10369:
10365:
10364:
10362:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10350:
10349:
10339:
10338:
10337:
10332:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10307:Sport climbing
10304:
10303:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10268:
10267:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10246:
10245:
10240:
10232:
10227:
10226:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10207:
10206:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10185:
10184:
10183:
10178:
10170:
10165:
10164:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10143:
10142:
10141:
10133:
10132:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10103:
10102:
10101:
10096:
10088:
10087:
10086:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10065:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10041:
10040:
10039:
10034:
10026:
10021:
10019:Aquatic sports
10015:
10013:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10003:
10002:
10001:
9996:
9988:
9987:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9963:
9962:
9961:
9956:
9948:
9943:
9942:
9941:
9936:
9928:
9927:
9926:
9921:
9913:
9912:
9911:
9906:
9898:
9897:
9896:
9891:
9881:
9876:
9875:
9874:
9869:
9867:3x3 basketball
9864:
9859:
9851:
9850:
9849:
9844:
9836:
9835:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9819:
9810:
9808:
9799:
9797:Olympic sports
9793:
9792:
9790:
9789:
9783:
9780:
9779:
9772:
9771:
9764:
9757:
9749:
9740:
9739:
9737:
9736:
9731:
9718:
9715:
9714:
9712:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9695:
9694:
9689:
9679:
9678:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9652:
9650:Chess composer
9647:
9642:
9637:
9631:
9629:
9625:
9624:
9622:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9605:
9604:
9597:
9592:
9582:
9581:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9545:
9540:
9534:
9532:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9524:
9523:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9505:North American
9502:
9497:
9489:
9488:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9434:
9433:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9407:
9406:
9405:
9398:Chess Olympiad
9395:
9389:
9387:
9381:
9380:
9378:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9351:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9322:
9321:
9320:
9315:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9264:
9262:
9256:
9255:
9252:
9251:
9249:
9248:
9247:
9246:
9244:Scholar's mate
9241:
9236:
9226:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9208:
9206:
9202:
9201:
9199:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9159:Queen's Gambit
9156:
9151:
9146:
9145:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9102:Benoni Defence
9097:Indian Defence
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9073:
9071:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9040:
9030:
9025:
9024:
9023:
9013:
9011:Owen's Defence
9008:
9007:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8941:
8936:
8934:Modern Defence
8931:
8929:French Defence
8926:
8921:
8915:
8913:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8896:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8864:Bird's Opening
8861:
8855:
8853:
8844:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8795:Pawn structure
8792:
8787:
8786:
8785:
8775:
8774:
8773:
8763:
8757:
8755:
8749:
8748:
8746:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8719:
8718:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8642:
8641:
8639:Alekhine's gun
8631:
8625:
8623:
8617:
8616:
8614:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8592:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8561:
8556:
8555:
8554:
8552:Half-open file
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8495:Chess notation
8492:
8486:
8484:
8478:
8477:
8475:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8463:
8462:
8452:
8450:Pawn promotion
8447:
8440:
8439:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8387:
8385:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8375:
8374:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8353:
8351:Women in chess
8348:
8347:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8326:
8321:
8320:
8319:
8314:
8313:
8312:
8307:
8297:
8292:
8291:
8290:
8275:
8274:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8261:Hypermodernism
8258:
8256:Romantic chess
8253:
8251:Lewis chessmen
8248:
8243:
8236:
8223:
8221:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8211:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8191:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8127:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8115:
8110:
8109:
8108:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8091:
8089:world rankings
8081:
8080:
8079:
8078:
8077:
8067:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8018:Computer chess
8015:
8014:
8013:
8003:
7997:
7995:
7989:
7988:
7981:
7980:
7973:
7966:
7958:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7935:
7924:
7921:
7920:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7915:
7910:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7868:Correspondence
7865:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7816:
7810:
7808:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7800:
7779:
7753:
7731:
7720:
7718:
7714:
7713:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7696:
7686:
7676:
7666:
7656:
7637:
7635:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7613:
7598:
7596:
7587:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7579:
7557:
7551:
7531:
7521:
7511:
7497:
7487:
7477:
7467:
7457:
7438:
7436:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7416:
7406:
7388:
7378:
7371:1910 (Nov–Dec)
7367:1910 (Jan–Feb)
7348:
7325:
7323:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7284:
7279:
7273:
7270:
7269:
7262:
7261:
7254:
7247:
7239:
7230:
7229:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7208:South American
7205:
7204:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7183:
7178:
7177:
7176:
7168:
7163:
7162:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7094:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7076:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7032:Computer Speed
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6983:
6981:
6975:
6974:
6966:
6965:
6958:
6951:
6943:
6937:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6916:
6910:
6902:
6901:External links
6899:
6896:
6895:
6860:
6822:
6805:New York Times
6791:
6761:
6738:
6736:, 30 June 2020
6715:
6684:
6658:
6632:
6606:
6580:
6554:
6528:
6495:
6466:
6437:
6435:, 10 July 2008
6418:
6396:
6373:
6354:
6336:. p. 12.
6318:
6283:
6266:Chessgames.com
6253:
6226:
6199:
6173:
6137:
6104:
6077:
6047:
6025:
5989:
5963:
5933:
5906:
5872:
5845:
5813:
5796:GAMES Magazine
5779:
5762:"FIDE History"
5753:
5736:"FIDE History"
5723:
5708:. chessgames.
5697:
5678:
5658:
5649:Horowitz, I.A.
5640:
5614:
5595:
5568:
5532:
5503:
5467:
5456:on 16 May 2008
5440:
5402:
5362:
5346:
5320:
5294:
5275:
5229:
5199:
5167:
5146:
5119:
5099:
5060:
5053:
5041:Keene, Raymond
5032:
5019:
5005:
4992:
4968:
4949:
4942:
4924:
4917:
4899:
4892:
4874:
4848:
4828:
4809:David Lawson.
4801:
4777:
4741:
4715:
4696:
4684:
4660:
4631:
4613:
4594:
4570:
4549:
4533:
4509:
4488:
4456:
4435:
4422:
4403:
4363:
4345:. Chess Cafe.
4327:
4310:
4295:
4280:
4273:
4255:
4243:
4222:
4210:
4184:
4175:
4162:
4132:
4121:
4100:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4034:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
3999:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3979:
3978:
3976:Chess Olympiad
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:Vasily Smyslov
3686:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:Magnus Carlsen
3357:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:Anatoly Karpov
3285:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:Garry Kasparov
3245:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:Emanuel Lasker
3206:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:Number of wins
3177:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3117:
3115:Magnus Carlsen
3112:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3006:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2914:
2912:Anatoly Karpov
2908:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2858:
2856:Garry Kasparov
2853:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2797:
2795:Garry Kasparov
2792:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2771:
2769:Anatoly Karpov
2766:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:Vasily Smyslov
2658:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2465:
2463:Emanuel Lasker
2460:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2341:
2334:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2288:
2260:
2221:
2218:
2180:
2177:
2163:disrupted the
2148:; and against
2126:Magnus Carlsen
2114:Magnus Carlsen
2106:
2103:
2095:Magnus Carlsen
2045:
2042:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1809:
1806:
1782:Garry Kasparov
1750:Garry Kasparov
1739:Anatoly Karpov
1731:
1728:
1715:Anatoly Karpov
1606:
1603:
1593:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1570:
1565:Vasily Smyslov
1563:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1533:Vasily Smyslov
1478:
1475:
1455:Vasily Smyslov
1378:Main article:
1375:
1372:
1282:St. Petersburg
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1190:Emanuel Lasker
1181:
1178:
1063:
1060:
1024:Dawid Janowski
1000:Frank Marshall
988:Emanuel Lasker
980:
977:
969:Emanuel Lasker
890:
887:
885:
882:
871:Emanuel Lasker
823:Gustav Neumann
819:Szymon Winawer
804:Ignatz Kolisch
756:
749:
748:
741:
734:
733:
732:
731:
730:
728:
725:
715:
708:
707:
700:
693:
692:
685:
678:
677:
670:
663:
662:
661:
660:
659:
546:
543:
541:
538:
530:
527:
523:computer chess
511:correspondence
453:Garry Kasparov
418:Magnus Carlsen
392:
391:
389:
388:
381:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
315:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
270:
269:
264:
259:
254:
245:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
145:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
112:1910 (Nov–Dec)
109:
107:1910 (Jan–Feb)
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
60:
57:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12472:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12447:
12445:
12430:
12426:
12425:
12422:
12412:
12411:
12407:
12405:
12404:
12400:
12398:
12397:
12393:
12391:
12390:
12389:Rocket League
12386:
12384:
12383:
12379:
12377:
12376:
12372:
12370:
12369:
12365:
12363:
12362:
12358:
12356:
12355:
12351:
12349:
12348:
12344:
12342:
12341:
12337:
12335:
12334:
12330:
12328:
12327:
12323:
12321:
12320:
12316:
12314:
12313:
12309:
12307:
12306:
12302:
12301:
12299:
12297:
12293:
12287:
12284:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12264:long distance
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12242:
12240:
12237:
12235:
12232:
12231:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12220:
12217:
12216:
12214:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12191:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12166:
12164:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12141:
12139:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12121:
12119:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12106:
12104:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12085:
12082:
12080:
12079:inline alpine
12077:
12075:
12072:
12071:
12070:
12069:Roller Sports
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12042:mountain bike
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12029:
12028:Orienteering
12027:
12025:
12024:Mounted games
12022:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12004:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11979:
11977:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11964:
11962:
11960:
11957:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11939:
11938:
11935:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11912:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11890:canoe sailing
11888:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11867:
11865:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11852:
11850:
11845:
11841:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11828:
11826:
11822:
11821:trail running
11819:
11817:
11814:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11781:half marathon
11779:
11777:
11776:cross country
11774:
11773:
11771:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11753:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11742:
11739:
11738:
11736:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11713:
11712:
11709:
11708:
11706:
11702:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11641:
11640:
11638:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11620:
11619:Rugby league
11618:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11605:
11603:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11590:
11589:Roller derby
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11576:
11573:
11571:
11568:
11566:
11563:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11544:
11541:
11540:
11538:
11536:
11533:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11520:
11518:
11516:
11515:Inline hockey
11513:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11500:
11498:
11494:
11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11481:
11479:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11460:
11458:
11456:
11455:Flag football
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11439:
11436:
11435:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11385:
11383:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11360:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11330:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11321:
11318:
11314:
11304:
11303:Tank biathlon
11301:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11288:
11287:
11284:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11261:
11260:Powerboating
11259:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11246:
11244:
11243:
11241:
11237:
11229:
11226:
11225:
11223:
11219:
11216:
11215:
11214:
11211:
11207:
11204:
11203:
11202:
11199:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11171:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11160:
11157:
11156:
11155:
11152:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11129:
11127:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11096:
11093:
11092:
11091:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11062:
11060:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11047:
11045:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11031:
11028:
11027:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11017:
11015:
11013:
11009:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10991:
10988:
10987:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10952:
10950:
10948:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10935:
10929:
10926:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10876:
10872:
10869:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10858:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10845:
10843:
10841:
10837:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10805:
10803:
10799:
10798:straight pool
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10773:men nine-ball
10771:
10769:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10755:
10753:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10740:
10739:
10736:
10732:
10729:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10716:
10714:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10696:
10694:
10693:
10691:
10690:
10688:
10686:
10682:
10676:
10673:
10669:
10666:
10665:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10627:
10625:
10623:
10622:Combat sports
10619:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10588:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10561:track cycling
10559:
10558:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10532:
10530:
10526:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10508:
10505:
10504:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10474:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10466:
10464:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10451:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10430:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10400:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10380:
10378:
10376:
10375:Basque pelota
10373:
10372:
10370:
10366:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10354:Weightlifting
10352:
10348:
10345:
10344:
10343:
10340:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10327:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10282:
10280:
10278:
10277:Skateboarding
10275:
10273:
10270:
10266:
10263:
10262:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10244:
10243:natural track
10241:
10239:
10236:
10235:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10210:
10208:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10190:
10189:
10186:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10173:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10148:
10147:
10146:Equestrianism
10144:
10140:
10137:
10136:
10134:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10106:
10104:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10091:
10089:
10085:
10082:
10081:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10044:
10042:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10029:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10016:
10014:
10012:
10008:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9991:
9989:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9966:
9964:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9951:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9931:
9929:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9901:
9900:Field hockey
9899:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9889:mixed doubles
9887:
9886:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9854:
9852:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9814:
9812:
9811:
9809:
9807:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9794:
9788:
9785:
9784:
9781:
9777:
9770:
9765:
9763:
9758:
9756:
9751:
9750:
9747:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9719:
9716:
9710:
9709:Solving chess
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9699:Chess prodigy
9697:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9684:
9683:
9682:Chess problem
9680:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9657:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9632:
9630:
9626:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9603:
9602:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9590:opening books
9588:
9587:
9586:
9583:
9579:
9578:short stories
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9550:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9531:Art and media
9529:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9435:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9412:
9411:
9408:
9404:
9401:
9400:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9390:
9388:
9386:
9382:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9343:triangulation
9341:
9339:
9338:Tarrasch rule
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9310:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9298:Queen vs rook
9296:
9294:
9293:Queen vs pawn
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9261:
9257:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9231:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9210:
9209:
9207:
9203:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9161:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9149:London System
9147:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9107:Modern Benoni
9105:
9103:
9100:
9099:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9087:Dutch Defence
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9074:
9072:
9070:
9066:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9035:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9022:
9019:
9018:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8964:King's Gambit
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8912:
8908:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8891:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8879:Grob's Attack
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8869:Dunst Opening
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8859:Benko Opening
8857:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8851:Flank opening
8848:
8845:
8843:
8839:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8779:
8776:
8772:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8754:
8750:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8640:
8637:
8636:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8618:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8606:Transposition
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8566:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8553:
8550:
8549:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8487:
8485:
8483:
8479:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8461:
8458:
8457:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8445:
8441:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8388:
8386:
8384:
8380:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8356:Chess museums
8354:
8352:
8349:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8331:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8324:Notable games
8322:
8318:
8315:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8302:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8289:
8286:
8285:
8284:
8281:
8280:
8279:
8276:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8241:
8237:
8235:
8234:
8230:
8229:
8228:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8220:
8216:
8209:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8124:
8120:
8114:
8113:World records
8111:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8099:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8086:
8085:
8084:Rating system
8082:
8076:
8073:
8072:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7994:
7990:
7986:
7979:
7974:
7972:
7967:
7965:
7960:
7959:
7956:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7934:
7926:
7925:
7922:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7844:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7805:
7799:
7798:
7793:
7792:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7777:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7761:
7757:
7754:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7732:
7729:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7715:
7704:
7700:
7697:
7694:
7690:
7687:
7684:
7680:
7677:
7674:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7660:
7657:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7632:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7614:
7611:
7607:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7597:
7595:
7594:PCA/Classical
7591:
7588:
7584:
7577:
7573:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7558:
7555:
7552:
7549:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7536:
7532:
7529:
7525:
7522:
7519:
7515:
7512:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7498:
7495:
7491:
7488:
7485:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7424:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7410:
7407:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7389:
7386:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7324:
7320:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7271:
7267:
7260:
7255:
7253:
7248:
7246:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7224:
7215:
7209:
7206:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7167:
7166:Mediterranean
7164:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7072:Supranational
7069:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6971:
6964:
6959:
6957:
6952:
6950:
6945:
6944:
6941:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6892:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6864:
6857:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6826:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6795:
6779:
6775:
6771:
6765:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6747:
6742:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6719:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6688:
6672:
6668:
6662:
6646:
6642:
6636:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6594:
6590:
6584:
6568:
6564:
6558:
6542:
6538:
6532:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6504:
6499:
6492:
6481:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6452:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6422:
6416:
6412:
6409:
6408:Jeremy Silman
6405:
6400:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6377:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6358:
6352:
6339:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6322:
6316:
6303:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6287:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6241:
6237:
6230:
6214:
6210:
6203:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6158:
6151:
6147:
6141:
6122:
6115:
6108:
6092:
6088:
6081:
6065:
6061:
6054:
6052:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6029:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5994:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5967:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5937:
5921:
5917:
5910:
5894:
5890:
5889:"Interregnum"
5883:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5860:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5828:
5824:
5817:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5728:
5711:
5707:
5701:
5685:
5681:
5679:0-486-23145-3
5675:
5671:
5670:
5662:
5654:
5650:
5644:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5602:
5598:
5596:1-4191-1280-5
5592:
5589:. Kessinger.
5588:
5587:
5582:
5575:
5573:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5536:
5520:
5516:
5510:
5508:
5500:
5485:
5481:
5474:
5472:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5428:
5424:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5397:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5282:
5278:
5276:0-7864-1193-7
5272:
5269:. McFarland.
5268:
5267:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5217:
5213:
5212:Rafael Leitão
5209:
5203:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5150:
5134:
5130:
5127:Weeks, Mark.
5123:
5115:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5084:
5080:
5073:
5067:
5065:
5056:
5054:0-02-028700-3
5050:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5029:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
5001:Raymond Keene
4996:
4989:
4988:0-19-866164-9
4985:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4945:
4939:
4935:
4928:
4920:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4895:
4889:
4885:
4878:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4816:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4794:. p. 4.
4790:
4789:
4781:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4763:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4700:
4693:
4688:
4681:
4680:0-19-866164-9
4677:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4634:
4632:1-84382-089-7
4628:
4624:
4617:
4601:
4597:
4595:1-4191-1280-5
4591:
4588:. Kessinger.
4587:
4586:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4566:0-19-866164-9
4563:
4559:
4553:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4530:
4529:0-19-866164-9
4526:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4506:
4505:0-19-866164-9
4502:
4498:
4492:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4453:
4452:0-19-866164-9
4449:
4445:
4439:
4432:
4426:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4400:
4399:George Walker
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4299:
4291:
4284:
4276:
4274:0-7100-8266-5
4270:
4266:
4259:
4250:
4248:
4240:
4239:0-19-866164-9
4236:
4232:
4226:
4217:
4215:
4199:
4195:
4188:
4179:
4173:, pp. 863–865
4172:
4166:
4150:
4146:
4139:
4137:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4107:
4105:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4021:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3790:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3694:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3662:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3634:Bobby Fischer
3630:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3602:Boris Spassky
3598:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3174:
3171:
3158:2023–present
3157:
3155:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3030:
3028:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2823:
2821:
2809:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2757:
2756:United States
2746:
2744:
2743:Bobby Fischer
2741:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2730:Boris Spassky
2728:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:United States
2439:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2396:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2259:(since 2005).
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:in 1946, the
2231:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2102:
2100:
2099:Boris Gelfand
2096:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2006:
2000:
1991:
1985:
1976:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1866:won the match
1863:
1859:
1858:Alexei Shirov
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1697:Boris Spassky
1693:
1684:
1680:
1679:Boris Spassky
1676:
1668:
1664:
1663:Bobby Fischer
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:Boris Spassky
1649:
1644:
1642:
1641:Yuri Averbakh
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:Bobby Fischer
1620:
1616:
1612:
1596:
1590:
1581:
1575:
1566:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:Yuri Averbakh
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1228:played their
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1028:later in 1910
1025:
1021:
1017:
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12305:Call of Duty
12304:
12249:Ironman 70.3
12219:short course
12059:Powerlifting
11999:Ice Climbing
11748:Armwrestling
11741:water skiing
11639:Rugby union
11565:Padel tennis
11555:Minifootball
11425:Beach tennis
11420:Beach soccer
11378:women's club
11316:Other sports
11254:Aerobatic GP
11117:Sidecarcross
10860:
10608:Table tennis
10573:Powerlifting
10566:road cycling
10368:Discontinued
10317:Table tennis
10300:snowboarding
10209:Ice skating
10161:show jumping
10139:breakdancing
10135:Dance sport
10037:race walking
9984:women's club
9832:women's club
9655:Chess engine
9640:Chess boxing
9600:
9409:
9370:Wrong bishop
9217:theory table
9191:Torre Attack
9174:Slav Defence
9082:Colle System
9057:Scheveningen
9016:Pirc Defence
8959:Italian Game
8954:Giuoco Piano
8899:Réti Opening
8822:Piece values
8810:Maróczy Bind
8771:the exchange
8761:Compensation
8691:Interference
8681:Double check
8455:Time control
8442:
8416:by agreement
8344:grandmasters
8288:South Africa
8238:
8231:
8207:Score sheets
8153:Chess pieces
8060:Online chess
8006:Chess titles
8001:Chess theory
7795:
7789:
7693:Kasimdzhanov
7533:
7265:
7226:}}
7220:{{
7186:Pan American
7124:Commonwealth
6986:
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5448:Clayton, G.
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4082:
4072:
4045:World portal
4031:Chess portal
4000:
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3980:
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2808:Soviet Union
2782:Soviet Union
2698:
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2648:Soviet Union
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12194:short board
12159:telemarking
12064:Racquetball
11978:Gymnastics
11972:fly fishing
11959:Finswimming
11915:cyclo-cross
11731:paragliding
11726:parachuting
11670:Sepaktakraw
11550:Life saving
11434:Dancesport
11408:T20 (women)
11398:ODI (women)
11355:Ball hockey
11128:Production
11061:Grand Prix
11046:Ice racing
11035:Hard Enduro
11030:SuperEnduro
11002:Touring Car
10960:Formula One
10947:Auto racing
10896:draughts-64
10840:Mind sports
10429:Tug of war
10425:Real tennis
10347:mixed relay
10218:short track
9990:Water polo
9965:Volleyball
9930:Ice hockey
9853:Basketball
9585:Chess books
9385:Tournaments
9239:Fool's mate
9004:Vienna Game
8994:Scotch Game
8827:Prophylaxis
8743:Zwischenzug
8728:Undermining
8696:Overloading
8656:Combination
8505:descriptive
8200:Chess table
8195:Chess clock
8011:Grandmaster
7586:Split title
7556:(no result)
7282:Interregnum
7022:Composition
6874:The Article
6708:28 November
6677:30 November
6651:24 November
6451:chess24.com
6276:21 February
6112:Donlan, M.
5972:Wade, R. G.
5853:Winter, E.
5821:Winter, E.
5655:. Batsford.
5478:Winter, E.
5222:24 February
5181:MSN Encarta
4867:7 September
4821:27 December
4093:24 February
3730:Mikhail Tal
2689:Mikhail Tal
2601:Interregnum
2563:Netherlands
2276:Grand Swiss
2084:Gata Kamsky
1890:, Anand in
1847:Gata Kamsky
1814:Nigel Short
1761:, first in
1629:Efim Geller
1580:Mikhail Tal
1537:Mikhail Tal
1517:grandmaster
1463:interregnum
1447:Reuben Fine
1396:interregnum
1390:interregnum
1368:Reuben Fine
1247:Nimzowitsch
1214:Saint-Amant
1170:mathematics
1134:Nimzowitsch
1047:World War I
789:Paul Morphy
758:Paul Morphy
545:Before 1851
12444:Categories
12429:World cups
12427:See also:
12361:NES Tetris
12230:Triathlon
12199:long board
12169:individual
11967:freshwater
11875:ocean race
11816:skyrunning
11772:Athletics
11716:ballooning
11711:Air sports
11704:Individual
11685:Tchoukball
11628:men's club
11488:men's club
11459:Floorball
11430:Canoe polo
11368:men's club
11194:flat track
11184:long track
11174:individual
11154:Rally raid
11137:Supersport
11107:Supercross
11090:individual
11086:Motocross
11050:individual
10985:Rally raid
10980:Rallycross
10965:Hill climb
10938:Motorsport
10848:Backgammon
10768:eight-ball
10719:individual
10715:Five-pins
10685:Cue sports
10664:Wrestling
10528:Individual
10507:mixed team
10203:trampoline
10188:Gymnastics
10062:individual
10043:Badminton
10028:Athletics
10011:Individual
9974:men's club
9822:men's club
9692:joke chess
9645:Chess club
9333:opposition
8790:Middlegame
8778:Initiative
8701:Pawn storm
8666:Deflection
8537:Key square
8527:Fianchetto
8460:Fast chess
8444:En passant
8136:chessboard
7683:Ponomariov
7385:Capablanca
7308:Interzonal
7218:See also:
6625:26 January
6599:26 January
6573:26 January
6547:26 January
6234:Weeks, M.
6207:Weeks, M.
6085:Weeks, M.
6058:Weeks, M.
5914:Weeks, M.
5287:25 October
5155:Silman, J.
4943:1857443306
4918:1857443306
4893:1857443306
4653:25 October
4155:19 January
4064:References
3762:Ding Liren
3202:Undisputed
3190:Undisputed
3141:Ding Liren
3132:2013–2023
3106:2007–2013
3080:2006–2007
3031:2005–2006
3008:2004–2005
3004:Uzbekistan
2985:2002–2004
2962:2000–2002
2939:1999–2000
2929:1993–1999
2886:2000–2006
2873:1993–2000
2824:1985–1993
2786:1975–1985
2760:1972–1975
2734:1969–1972
2721:1963–1969
2708:1961–1963
2693:1960–1961
2680:1958–1960
2665:1957–1958
2652:1948–1957
2594:1937–1946
2567:1935–1937
2541:1927–1935
2516:1921–1927
2490:1894–1921
2454:1886–1894
2296:2013 cycle
2283:, or as a
2264:Interzonal
2245:Interzonal
2197:Ding Liren
2188:Ding Liren
2140:; against
1923:Peter Leko
1915:Elo rating
1818:Jan Timman
1708:Jim Slater
1633:Paul Keres
1459:psychology
1443:Salo Flohr
1439:Paul Keres
1364:Paul Keres
1346:Salo Flohr
1306:Bogoljubow
1302:Capablanca
1290:Gothenburg
1251:Capablanca
1239:Rubinstein
1230:1886 match
1194:1894 match
1115:Tartakower
1111:Rubinstein
1099:Bogoljubow
777:Henry Bird
425:1886 match
406:Ding Liren
62:Pre-FIDE
44:Ding Liren
12368:Overwatch
12234:Aquathlon
12215:Swimming
12120:Shooting
12017:laser run
11982:acrobatic
11907:Crokinole
11895:freestyle
11880:wildwater
11866:Canoeing
11737:Aquatics
11585:Roll Ball
11580:Rogaining
11539:Lacrosse
11445:Dodgeball
11403:T20 (men)
11393:ODI (men)
11350:Baseball5
11249:Aerobatic
11201:Supermoto
11170:Speedway
11132:Superbike
11122:Snowcross
11020:Endurance
10955:Formula E
10877:Draughts
10758:blackball
10583:Snowboard
10545:Badminton
10540:Athletics
10399:Lacrosse
10359:Wrestling
10342:Triathlon
10322:Taekwondo
10295:freestyle
10090:Canoeing
9950:Softball
9915:Handball
9838:Baseball
9675:Stockfish
9665:Deep Blue
9660:AlphaZero
9568:paintings
9360:Tablebase
9324:Strategy
9229:Irregular
8984:Ruy Lopez
8944:Open Game
8711:Sacrifice
8671:Desperado
8574:connected
8547:Open file
8542:King walk
8500:algebraic
8431:Stalemate
8406:Checkmate
8131:Chess set
8123:Equipment
7663:Khalifman
7554:1984–1985
7508:Petrosian
7494:Botvinnik
7474:Botvinnik
7454:Botvinnik
7355:1896–1897
7337:1890–1891
6757:chess.com
6480:chess.com
5672:. Dover.
5583:(2004) .
5499:La Prensa
5261:Based on
4862:Chess.com
4582:(2004) .
4203:7 October
3204:champion
3196:Classical
3182:Years as
2285:wild card
1812:In 1993,
1667:Amsterdam
1288:and 1920
1226:Zukertort
1218:Anderssen
1180:Financing
1051:Amos Burn
950:Max Weiss
902:from 1886
809:In 1866,
608:In 1839,
599:handicaps
491:under-20s
439:in 1946,
12410:Valorant
12340:Fortnite
12326:eSailing
12239:Duathlon
12204:big wave
12190:Surfing
12054:Pétanque
12012:triathle
11963:Fishing
11911:Cycling
11870:marathon
11827:Bowling
11752:Archery
11663:Dinghies
11654:Sailing
11575:Ringette
11535:Korfball
11528:Standard
11519:Kabaddi
11450:Fistball
11384:Cricket
11279:offshore
11264:Aquabike
10975:Rallying
10918:Scrabble
10891:checkers
10823:amateurs
10804:Snooker
10793:ten-ball
10743:amateurs
10731:artistic
10650:Muaythai
10603:Swimming
10578:Shooting
10557:Cycling
10553:Climbing
10514:Goalball
10379:Croquet
10272:Shooting
10198:rhythmic
10193:artistic
10156:eventing
10151:dressage
10105:Cycling
10069:Biathlon
9946:Rugby 7s
9734:Category
9687:glossary
9348:Zugzwang
9328:fortress
9260:Endgames
9169:Declined
9164:Accepted
8842:Openings
8800:Hedgehog
8766:Exchange
8753:Strategy
8733:Windmill
8584:isolated
8569:backward
8391:Castling
8334:amateurs
8227:Timeline
8101:Variants
8055:Glossary
8038:software
8023:glossary
7933:Category
7903:Chess960
7893:Computer
7814:Olympiad
7610:Kasparov
7576:Kasparov
7423:Alekhine
7403:Alekhine
7345:Steinitz
7322:Pre-FIDE
7159:Club Cup
7134:European
7027:Computer
7017:Chess960
6878:Archived
6844:Archived
6809:Archived
6778:Archived
6749:Archived
6726:Archived
6702:Archived
6645:Archived
6619:Archived
6593:Archived
6567:Archived
6541:Archived
6521:Archived
6506:Archived
6429:Archived
6411:Archived
6384:Archived
6365:Archived
6338:Archived
6270:Archived
6240:Archived
6213:Archived
6186:Archived
6157:Archived
6148:(2001).
6121:Archived
6064:Archived
6042:Batsford
6034:Wade, R.
6009:Archived
5984:64514341
5978:. Arco.
5974:(1964).
5950:Archived
5920:Archived
5893:Archived
5859:Archived
5827:Archived
5800:Archived
5788:Seirawan
5766:Archived
5764:. FIDE.
5710:Archived
5651:(1973).
5627:Archived
5601:Archived
5555:Archived
5519:Archived
5484:Archived
5427:Archived
5333:Archived
5281:Archived
5246:Archived
5216:Archived
5083:Archived
4960:Archived
4815:Archived
4797:manière.
4765:Archived
4728:Archived
4707:Archived
4647:Archived
4600:Archived
4475:Archived
4414:Archived
4385:Archived
4347:Archived
4149:Archived
4087:Archived
4017:See also
3666:Max Euwe
3199:Champion
3176:Champion
3027:Bulgaria
2550:Max Euwe
2214:Gukesh D
2206:de facto
1692:Max Euwe
1435:Max Euwe
1329:Max Euwe
1314:Alekhine
1286:Mannheim
1272:Max Euwe
1243:Alekhine
1235:Marshall
1222:Steinitz
1210:Staunton
1166:Max Euwe
1145:against
1126:Alekhine
1095:Alekhine
1018:against
12296:Esports
12244:Ironman
12226:Teqball
12174:doubles
12165:Squash
12140:Skiing
12109:coastal
12105:Rowing
12099:scooter
12007:biathle
11992:parkour
11987:aerobic
11900:waveski
11860:outdoor
11840:singles
11836:Ninepin
11721:gliding
11560:Netball
11474:Futsal
11224:E-Bike
11218:nations
11166:Sidecar
11102:nations
10970:Karting
10928:Xiangqi
10913:Puzzles
10828:six-red
10788:pyramid
10587:Skiing
10535:Archery
10433:outdoor
10420:Rackets
10383:singles
10326:Tennis
10312:Surfing
10281:Skiing
10260:Sailing
10168:Fencing
10032:outdoor
10024:Archery
9884:Curling
9635:Arbiter
9628:Related
9485:Solving
9475:Amateur
9052:Najdorf
8634:Battery
8621:Tactics
8596:Swindle
8579:doubled
8559:Outpost
8490:Blunder
8305:Armenia
8219:History
8065:Premove
8033:engines
8028:matches
7993:Outline
7898:Solving
7776:Carlsen
7728:Kramnik
7703:Topalov
7624:Kramnik
7528:Fischer
7518:Spassky
7464:Smyslov
7181:Oceania
7080:African
7052:Solving
7007:Amateur
6992:Women's
6815:20 July
6784:20 July
6351:Alt URL
6315:Alt URL
5956:5 April
5092:13 June
3971:Teams:
3051:Country
2981:Ukraine
2903:Country
2844:Country
2623:Country
2475:Germany
2413:Country
2309:In the
2171:in the
1841:in the
1284:, 1914
1208:second
1184:Before
1103:Maróczy
878:in 1886
780:"after
614:Legalle
529:History
499:seniors
449:In 1993
412:in the
222:1984–85
92:1896–97
77:1890–91
12319:Dota 2
12279:winter
12274:sprint
12144:flying
12114:indoor
11930:trials
11920:indoor
11855:indoor
11851:Bowls
11831:Tenpin
11796:100 km
11791:relays
11786:indoor
11756:indoor
11658:Yachts
11543:indoor
11523:Circle
11359:Bandy
11065:MotoGP
11025:Enduro
10923:Sudoku
10857:Chess
10853:Bridge
10596:Nordic
10591:alpine
10438:indoor
10395:Karate
10290:Nordic
10285:alpine
10255:Rowing
10213:figure
10099:sprint
10094:slalom
10079:Boxing
9573:poetry
9563:novels
9538:Caïssa
9470:Senior
9460:Junior
9043:Dragon
9038:Alapin
8723:Skewer
8589:passed
8532:Gambit
8339:female
8300:Europe
8283:Africa
8178:Knight
8173:Bishop
7943:Portal
7888:Senior
7878:Junior
7653:Karpov
7548:Karpov
7375:Lasker
7191:Junior
7149:Senior
7139:Junior
7119:Baltic
7107:Senior
7102:Junior
7085:Junior
7047:Senior
7037:Junior
6884:16 May
6850:16 May
6344:4 June
6308:4 June
5982:
5734:Wall.
5716:20 May
5690:30 May
5676:
5633:31 May
5607:7 June
5593:
5561:7 June
5525:20 May
5490:9 June
5460:9 June
5433:7 June
5386:4 June
5339:29 May
5313:7 June
5273:
5255:6 June
5192:7 June
5139:7 June
5051:
4986:
4940:
4915:
4890:
4775:, 2007
4678:
4629:
4606:7 June
4592:
4564:
4527:
4503:
4481:6 June
4450:
4391:6 June
4356:6 June
4271:
4237:
4119:
3151:
3128:Norway
3125:
3099:
3076:Russia
3073:
3054:Years
3024:
3001:
2978:
2955:
2925:Russia
2922:
2906:Years
2869:Russia
2866:
2847:Years
2820:Russia
2817:
2805:
2779:
2753:
2645:
2626:Years
2590:France
2560:
2537:France
2509:
2447:
2435:
2416:Years
2363:cycle.
2281:rating
2220:Format
1902:, and
1771:Merano
1763:Baguio
1670:years.
1617:, and
1505:, and
1274:, and
1119:Vidmar
521:, and
497:, and
462:Since
147:FIDE:
12396:Smite
12286:Yo-yo
12254:cross
12149:speed
12047:trail
11937:Darts
11766:field
11675:Socca
11648:women
11633:women
11613:women
11598:women
11508:women
11493:women
11483:women
11468:women
11373:women
11338:women
11239:Other
11228:cross
11213:Trial
11159:Bajas
11147:Women
11095:women
11080:MotoE
11075:Moto3
11070:Moto2
10990:Bajas
10886:women
10866:women
10813:women
10754:Pool
10748:women
10704:women
10675:Wushu
10655:Sambo
10640:Kendo
10482:women
10408:women
10335:women
10234:Luge
10223:speed
10181:women
10172:Golf
10129:urban
10124:track
10084:women
10057:mixed
10052:women
9999:women
9979:women
9959:women
9939:women
9924:women
9909:women
9894:mixed
9862:women
9847:women
9827:women
9520:WCSCC
9465:Youth
9455:Blitz
9450:Rapid
9440:Women
9403:Women
9355:Study
9205:Other
8738:X-ray
8661:Decoy
8646:Block
8601:Tempo
8564:Pawns
8482:Terms
8401:Check
8383:Rules
8317:India
8310:Spain
8295:China
8188:Fairy
8163:Queen
8094:norms
7985:Chess
7883:Youth
7873:Women
7846:Blitz
7819:Rapid
7750:Anand
7673:Anand
7174:Youth
7144:Youth
7097:Asian
7062:Youth
7042:Rapid
7012:Blitz
6979:World
6970:Chess
6160:(PDF)
6153:(PDF)
6124:(PDF)
6117:(PDF)
6012:(PDF)
6005:(PDF)
5249:(PDF)
5242:(PDF)
5086:(PDF)
5075:(PDF)
4792:(PDF)
4350:(PDF)
4343:(PDF)
3187:Total
3154:China
3102:India
2958:India
2255:) or
1355:title
1202:purse
1196:with
1139:Cuban
507:blitz
503:rapid
487:women
402:chess
12333:FIFA
12179:team
12032:foot
11952:team
11844:team
11388:Test
11323:Team
11206:team
11179:team
11055:team
10871:team
10861:open
10818:team
10724:team
10709:team
10660:Sumo
10462:Team
10415:Polo
10388:team
10230:Judo
10119:road
9872:club
9806:Team
9558:film
9515:WCCC
9510:TCEC
9500:CSVN
9445:Team
9415:List
8686:Fork
8611:Trap
8411:Draw
8183:Pawn
8168:Rook
8158:King
8106:List
8075:list
8050:FIDE
7913:2022
7908:2019
7861:2023
7856:2022
7851:2021
7839:2023
7834:2022
7829:2021
7824:2019
7797:2026
7791:2024
7786:Ding
7782:2023
7772:2021
7768:2018
7764:2016
7760:2014
7756:2013
7746:2012
7742:2010
7738:2008
7734:2007
7724:2006
7717:FIDE
7699:2005
7689:2004
7679:2002
7669:2000
7659:1999
7649:1998
7645:1996
7641:1993
7634:FIDE
7620:2004
7616:2000
7606:1995
7602:1993
7572:1990
7568:1987
7564:1986
7560:1985
7544:1981
7540:1978
7535:1975
7524:1972
7514:1969
7504:1966
7500:1963
7490:1961
7480:1960
7470:1958
7460:1957
7450:1954
7446:1951
7442:1948
7434:FIDE
7419:1937
7413:Euwe
7409:1935
7399:1934
7395:1929
7391:1927
7381:1921
7363:1908
7359:1907
7351:1894
7341:1892
7333:1889
7329:1886
7196:Team
7154:Team
7112:Team
7092:Arab
7057:Team
6987:Open
6886:2023
6852:2023
6840:FIDE
6817:2022
6786:2022
6774:FIDE
6734:FIDE
6710:2018
6679:2016
6653:2014
6627:2014
6601:2014
6575:2014
6549:2014
6514:FIDE
6487:2023
6458:2023
6346:2024
6310:2024
6278:2022
6248:2008
6221:2008
6194:2008
6168:2008
6132:2008
6099:2008
6072:2008
6020:2008
5980:LCCN
5958:2016
5928:2008
5901:2008
5867:2008
5835:2008
5808:2008
5774:2008
5748:2008
5718:2008
5692:2008
5674:ISBN
5635:2008
5609:2008
5591:ISBN
5563:2008
5527:2008
5492:2008
5462:2008
5435:2008
5388:2008
5341:2008
5315:2008
5289:2020
5271:ISBN
5257:2008
5224:2022
5194:2008
5141:2008
5094:2018
5049:ISBN
4984:ISBN
4938:ISBN
4913:ISBN
4888:ISBN
4869:2023
4823:2022
4736:2008
4676:ISBN
4655:2020
4627:ISBN
4608:2008
4590:ISBN
4562:ISBN
4525:ISBN
4501:ISBN
4483:2008
4448:ISBN
4393:2008
4358:2008
4269:ISBN
4235:ISBN
4205:2023
4157:2022
4117:ISBN
4095:2022
3193:FIDE
3048:Name
2900:Name
2841:Name
2620:Name
2512:Cuba
2410:Name
2382:2023
2380:The
2375:2007
2373:The
2368:2006
2361:2004
2357:2000
2353:2005
2349:2004
2347:and
2345:1998
2338:1975
2336:The
2331:2008
2329:and
2327:1986
2323:1961
2321:and
2319:1958
2315:1960
2313:and
2311:1957
2290:The
2253:2004
2249:1998
2210:2024
2159:The
2154:2018
2146:2016
2138:2014
2035:The
1908:2004
1900:2002
1892:2000
1888:1999
1860:and
1829:and
1775:1981
1767:1978
1631:and
1449:and
1441:and
1310:Euwe
1294:FIDE
1268:FIDE
1186:1948
1162:1935
1155:1934
1153:and
1151:1929
1130:1927
1117:and
1107:Réti
1012:1908
1006:and
1004:1907
967:and
930:1892
926:1891
918:1889
850:1882
848:and
846:1873
802:and
633:and
593:and
553:and
493:and
480:2024
472:2023
470:and
468:2021
464:2014
441:FIDE
431:and
396:The
385:2026
378:2024
372:2023
367:2021
362:2018
357:2016
352:2014
347:2013
342:2012
337:2010
332:2008
327:2007
322:2006
312:2005
307:2004
302:2002
297:2000
292:1999
287:1998
282:1996
277:1993
267:2004
262:2000
257:1995
252:1993
242:1990
237:1987
232:1986
227:1985
217:1981
212:1978
207:1975
202:1972
197:1969
192:1966
187:1963
182:1961
177:1960
172:1958
167:1957
162:1954
157:1951
152:1948
142:1937
137:1935
132:1934
127:1929
122:1927
117:1921
102:1908
97:1907
87:1894
82:1892
72:1889
67:1886
12037:ski
11947:PDC
11942:BDO
11885:SUP
11643:men
11623:men
11608:men
11593:men
11503:men
11478:men
11463:men
11363:men
11333:men
11274:F4s
10881:men
10808:men
10699:men
10477:men
10403:men
10330:men
10176:men
10109:BMX
10047:men
9994:men
9969:men
9954:men
9934:men
9919:men
9904:men
9857:men
9842:men
9817:men
9495:CCC
8706:Pin
8510:PGN
7788:),
7484:Tal
3452:17
3387:10
3355:13
3323:10
3243:27
2699:(6)
2671:(6)
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2152:in
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1906:in
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1212:vs
1160:In
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1010:in
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12446::
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11761:3D
11269:F1
10908:Go
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