1232:
1147:, has said that the fish were most likely trying to scrape off a perceived parasite on another fish and that they did not demonstrate self-recognition. The authors of the study retorted that because the fish checked themselves in the mirror before and after the scraping, this meant that the fish had self-awareness and recognized that their reflections belonged to their own bodies. In a 2024 study, "mirror-naive" bluestreak cleaner wrasse were reported to initially show aggression to wrasse photographs sized 10% larger or 10% smaller than themselves, regardless of size. However, upon viewing their reflections in a mirror, they avoided confronting photographs 10% larger than they were.
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wrasses in the same tank results in the smaller of the two becoming female again. Additionally, while the individual to change sex is generally the largest female, evidence also exists of the largest female instead "choosing" to remain female in situations in which she can maximize her evolutionary
170:, many of which are brightly colored. The family is large and diverse, with over 600 species in 81 genera, which are divided into 9 subgroups or tribes. They are typically small, most of them less than 20 cm (7.9 in) long, although the largest, the
1136:, is one of the most common cleaners found on tropical reefs. Few cleaner wrasses have been observed being eaten by predators, possibly because parasite removal is more important for predator survival than the short-term gain of eating the cleaner.
1052:. Subgroup Labrini is composed of eight genera, wherein 15 of 23 species exhibit broodcare behavior, which ranges from simple to complex parental care of spawn; males build algae nests or crude cavities, ventilate eggs, and defend nests against
896:
910:, usually with separate jaw teeth that jut outwards. Many species can be readily recognized by their thick lips, the inside of which is sometimes curiously folded, a peculiarity which gave rise to the German name of "lip-fishes" (
965:
from function. The actual morphology of wrasses reflects this, with many lineages displaying different jaw morphology that results in the same functional output in a similar or identical ecological niche.
1295:
1231:
2170:
1920:
Hanel, R.; Westneat, M. W.; Sturmbauer, C. (December 2002). "Phylogenetic relationships, evolution of broodcare behavior, and geographic speciation in the Wrasse tribe
Labrini".
2006:
Munday, P. L.; Ryen, C. A.; McCormick, M. I.; Walker, S. P. W. (2009). "Growth acceleration, behaviour and otolith check marks associated with sex change in the wrasse
1555:
Cowman, P.F.; Bellwood, D.R.; van
Herwerden, L. (2009). "Dating the evolutionary origins of wrasse lineages (Labridae) and the rise of trophic novelty on coral reefs".
178:. Many smaller wrasses follow the feeding trails of larger fish, picking up invertebrates disturbed by their passing. Juveniles of some representatives of the genera
1032:
currents; adult labroids have no interaction with offspring. Wrasses of a particular subgroup of the family
Labridae, Labrini, do not exhibit broadcast spawning.
887:
1884:"Aspects of the spawning of labrid and scarid fishes (Pisces, Labroidei) at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands with notes on other families (corrected reprint.)"
2053:
Munoz, R. C.; Warner, R. R. (2003). "A new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: incorporating sperm competition and size-fecundity skew".
934:. Juveniles are a mix of males and females (known as initial-phase individuals), but the largest adults become territory-holding (terminal-phase) males.
974:
Most wrasses inhabit the tropical and subtropical waters of the
Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, though some species live in temperate waters: the
1422:
1020:. Group spawning and pair spawning occur within mating systems. The type of spawning that occurs depends on male body size. Labroids typically exhibit
322:
2178:
329:
301:
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1256:
287:
2200:
2156:
1971:
Kuwamura, T.; Tanaka, N.; Nakashima, Y.; Karino, K.; Sakai, Y (2002). "Reversed sex-change in the protogynous reef fish
Labroides dimidiatus".
3798:
315:
1470:
1035:
Sex change in wrasses is generally female-to-male, but experimental conditions have allowed for male-to-female sex change. Placing two male
1517:
Parenti, Paolo; Randall, John E. (June 2000). "An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families
Labridae and Scaridae".
3299:
2496:
953:
are joined to the anterior tips of these two bones, respectively, creating a loop of four rigid bones connected by moving joints. This "
294:
280:
1811:
Robertson, D.R.; Warner, R.R. (1978). "Sexual patterns in the labroid fishes of the
Western Caribbean II: the parrotfishes (Scaridae)".
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308:
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with larger, often predatory, fish, grooming them and benefiting by consuming what they remove. "Client" fish congregate at wrasse "
3733:
3772:
2396:
2224:
Kohda, Masanori; Takashi, Hatta; Takeyama, Tmohiro; Awata, Satoshi; Tanaka, Hirokazu; Asai, Jun-ya; Jordan, Alex (2018-08-21).
1498:
Parenti, Paolo; Randall, John E. (15 April 2011). "Checklist of the species of the families
Labridae and Scaridae: an update".
1358:
1191:. Commercial fish farming of cleaner wrasse for sea-lice pest control in commercial salmon farming has developed in Scotland
3908:
1607:
3777:
2868:
1393:
2226:"Cleaner wrasse pass the mark test. What are the implications for consciousness and self-awareness testing in animals?"
1452:
869:
2303:
1274:
2898:
1211:. A list of 338 parasite taxa from 127 labrid fish species was provided by Muñoz and Diaz in 2015. An example is the
1171:
In the
Western Atlantic coastal region of North America, the most common food species for indigenous humans was the
3870:
1321:
2255:"Cleaner fish with mirror self-recognition capacity precisely realize their body size based on their mental image"
1414:
1056:
males and predators. In species that express this behavior, eggs cannot survive without parental care. Species of
3803:
2552:
2489:
1668:
Bos, AR; Hoeksema, BW (2015). "Cryptobenthic fishes and co-inhabiting shrimps associated with the mushroom coral
2416:
1378:
859:
174:, can measure up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft). They are efficient carnivores, feeding on a wide range of small
3785:
876:
3603:
2637:
2455:
2395:
Muñoz G., Diaz P.E. 2015: Checklist of parasites of labrid fishes (Pisces: Labridae). Viña del Mar, Chile.
1435:
872:
866:
861:
2464:. Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 7. Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
1128:', consuming healthy tissue and mucus, which is energetically costly for the client fish to produce. The
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868:
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3668:
2537:
1208:
883:
878:
1008:. Hermaphroditism allows for complex mating systems. Labroids exhibit three different mating systems:
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62:
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214:
2253:
Kobayashi, Taiga; Kohda, Masanori; Awata, Satoshi; Bshary, Redouan; Sogawa, Shumpei (2024-09-11).
867:
3550:
3532:
3094:
2843:
2594:
2450:
1307:
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20:
957:" has the property of allowing numerous arrangements to achieve a given mechanical result (fast
884:
3839:
3621:
3512:
3336:
3321:
3144:
2863:
2752:
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864:
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is found as far north as Norway. Wrasses are usually found in shallow-water habitats such as
3834:
3764:
3542:
3527:
3036:
2853:
1334:
1188:
881:
3862:
3826:
2324:
3903:
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2445:
2019:
1980:
1929:
1681:
1640:
1564:
1443:
1005:
962:
2225:
8:
3326:
3269:
3069:
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2745:
1843:"A comparative analysis of sex change in Labridae supports the size advantage hypothesis"
1385:
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1264:
1239:
1216:
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1117:
parasites, the cleaners even swimming into their open mouths and gill cavities to do so.
2287:
2023:
1984:
1933:
1741:
Wainwright, Peter C.; Alfaro, Michael E.; Bolnick, Daniel I.; Hulsey, C. Darrin (2005).
1685:
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1992:
1945:
1864:
1859:
1842:
1764:
1701:
1603:
1580:
1534:
1342:
1021:
2082:
2039:
1743:"Many-to-One Mapping of Form to Function: A General Principle in Organismal Design?"
2996:
2941:
2903:
2858:
2816:
2740:
2527:
2336:
2282:
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2233:
2109:
2062:
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1988:
1957:
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2622:
2609:
2579:
2308:
2096:
Taborsky, M.; Hudde, B.; Wirtz, P. (1987). "Reproductive behavior and ecology of
1370:
998:
718:
480:
262:
248:
171:
3790:
3673:
1715:
1576:
1175:, a species of wrasse. Wrasses today are commonly found in both public and home
1048:
The subgroup
Labrini arose from a basal split within family Labridae during the
3489:
3462:
3354:
3346:
3279:
3249:
3188:
3170:
3124:
3114:
2718:
2671:
2270:
1204:
1143:, the first fish to do so. However, the test's inventor, American psychologist
1009:
958:
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473:
255:
209:
129:
104:
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1941:
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1001:
994:
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802:
767:
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508:
382:
354:
204:
2325:"Tool use by a temperate wrasse, California sheephead Semicossyphus pulcher"
2113:
1824:
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3308:
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1598:
Choat, J.H.; Bellwood, D.R. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
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781:
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697:
557:
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459:
114:
45:
1800:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 839.
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3119:
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2772:
2757:
2703:
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2659:
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1900:
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Cleaner wrasses are best known for feeding on dead tissue, scales, and
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37:
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2735:
2681:
2666:
2644:
2627:
2574:
2462:
List of the fishes of the Family Labridae in the Western Indian Ocean
1180:
1058:
991:
923:
844:
830:
788:
732:
690:
599:
571:
564:
550:
522:
466:
445:
438:
424:
410:
74:
3738:
3615:
2171:"This tiny fish can recognize itself in a mirror. Is it self-aware?"
895:
3725:
3638:
3477:
3418:
3364:
3359:
3178:
3046:
2708:
2654:
2569:
2238:
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1244:
1212:
1184:
1176:
1080:
1025:
942:
907:
676:
501:
396:
375:
240:
186:
180:
94:
1625:"Fishes (Gobiidae and Labridae) associated with the mushroom coral
3450:
3445:
3423:
3396:
3391:
3386:
2931:
2883:
2777:
2547:
2542:
2201:"A species of fish has passed the mirror test for the first time"
2157:"A species of fish has passed the mirror test for the first time"
2130:
1406:
950:
417:
937:
The wrasses have become a primary study species in fish-feeding
3369:
1427:
1312:
1287:
1172:
1095:
1068:
1049:
578:
84:
1004:. A good example of this reproductive behavior is seen in the
926:, usually running most of the length of the back. Wrasses are
858:
3847:
3712:
3472:
3401:
2811:
1970:
1789:
1740:
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2961:
2514:
2505:
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1029:
167:
982:
and rocky shores, where they live close to the substrate.
3413:
2981:
2373:. Scottish Salmon Producers' Organisation. Archived from
2252:
2223:
2005:
945:
bones are connected at their posterior ends to the rigid
2304:"Are Fish As Intelligent As Crows, Chimps... Or People?"
2474:
2100:, a European wrasse with four types of male behavior".
1919:
1183:. They may also be employed as cleaner fish to combat
1155:
Studies show that some wrasse species are capable of
949:, and the superior and inferior articulations of the
2095:
1836:
1834:
1195:, with apparent commercial benefit and viability.
1043:
1840:
1179:. Some species are small enough to be considered
3890:
1831:
1810:
1716:"Wrasse | Define Wrasse at Dictionary.com"
1516:
1497:
2490:
2417:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
1804:
1672:(Fungiidae) in the Davao Gulf, Philippines".
1629:(Scleractinia: Fungiidae) in the Philippines"
1597:
2089:
1964:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1550:
1548:
1139:In a 2019 study, cleaner wrasses passed the
941:due to their jaw structures. The nasal and
208:hide among the tentacles of the free-living
2052:
1667:
1088:sp., working on gill area of dragon wrasse
969:
2497:
2483:
2456:Male and Female Images or Rock Wrasse Fish
1999:
1602:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 211.
1113:" and wait for the cleaner fish to remove
1101:Cleaner wrasses are the best-known of the
36:
3042:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
2286:
2237:
2217:
2046:
1908:
1899:
1881:
1875:
1858:
1758:
1729:
1652:
1545:
1166:
1040:fitness by refraining from changing sex.
2414:
2127:"The Fish That Makes Other Fish Smarter"
1784:
1780:
1778:
1079:
985:
894:
271:
3891:
1841:Kazancioglu, E.; Alonzo, S.H. (2010).
3620:
3619:
2478:
2301:
2120:
1775:
1557:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
961:or a forceful bite), thus decoupling
922:has eight to 21 spines and six to 21
3853:FD1087D9-FFA9-4A47-FF67-A0664F7EFA9F
3814:3be94880-558c-44fd-8098-2735073b26da
2322:
1813:Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
3598:
2869:Electroreception and electrogenesis
1747:Integrative and Comparative Biology
1622:
1124:, although they are also known to '
1072:genera exhibit broodcare behavior.
247:, meaning an old woman or hag, via
13:
2421:Bulletins of American Paleontology
1591:
14:
3920:
2439:
2098:Symphodus (Crenilabrus) ocellatus
1882:Colin, P.L.; Bell, L. J. (1992).
1075:
231:The word "wrasse" comes from the
3597:
3586:
3585:
3568:
3567:
2593:
2451:How Fish Hire a Cleaning Service
2401:
1993:10.1046/j.1439-0310.2002.00791.x
1860:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01016.x
1469:
1451:
1434:
1413:
1392:
1377:
1357:
1341:
1320:
1294:
1273:
1255:
1230:
61:
2553:Environmental impact of fishing
2389:
2363:
2316:
2295:
2246:
2192:
2163:
2149:
2140:
1888:Environmental Biology of Fishes
1674:Environmental Biology of Fishes
1044:Broodcare behavior of the tribe
2302:Gertz, Emily (June 19, 2014).
2198:
1922:Journal of Molecular Evolution
1708:
1661:
1616:
1510:
1491:
930:. Many species are capable of
890:
1:
1484:
1203:As all fish, labrids are the
1028:eggs, which are broadcast by
3909:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
2638:intramembranous ossification
2177:. 2019-02-07. Archived from
1198:
1159:, using rocks to smash open
1024:, releasing high numbers of
226:
7:
1577:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.015
1301:A yellowtail coris wrasse,
1150:
853:
221:
144:
10:
3925:
3017:Fin and flipper locomotion
2987:Sequential hermaphroditism
2874:Jamming avoidance response
2591:
2446:FishBase info for Labridae
2323:Dunn, R. P. (2015-12-23).
2271:10.1038/s41598-024-70138-7
1718:. Dictionary.reference.com
1462:Pseudocheilinus hexataenia
1223:
18:
3628:
3581:
3505:
3438:
3345:
3307:
3298:
3237:
3168:
3055:
3007:
2917:
2842:
2602:
2512:
2032:10.1007/s00338-009-0499-3
1942:10.1007/s00239-002-2373-6
1694:10.1007/s10641-014-0374-0
1654:10.1007/s00338-011-0834-3
1130:bluestreak cleaner wrasse
1091:Novaculichthys taeniourus
914:), and the Dutch name of
345:
142:
137:
58:Scientific classification
56:
44:
35:
30:
2504:
1670:Heliofungia actiniformis
1627:Heliofungia actiniformis
970:Distribution and habitat
215:Heliofungia actiniformis
3533:Glossary of ichthyology
3095:Diel vertical migration
2415:Sepkoski, Jack (2002).
2329:Journal of Fish Biology
2114:10.1163/156853986x00063
1825:10.5479/si.00810282.255
1797:Encyclopædia Britannica
1519:Ichthyological Bulletin
1308:Labroides phthirophagus
254:. It is related to the
21:Wrasse (disambiguation)
16:Family of marine fishes
2899:Surface wave detection
2864:Hydrodynamic reception
2538:Diseases and parasites
1623:Bos, Arthur R (2012).
1600:Encyclopedia of Fishes
1305:, is being cleaned by
1237:Giant Napoleon wrasse
1167:Significance to humans
1098:
903:
3835:Paleobiology Database
3037:Undulatory locomotion
2854:Ampullae of Lorenzini
2471:on Sealife Collection
2181:on September 17, 2018
1083:
986:Reproductive behavior
898:
3265:Genetically modified
2460:Smith, J.L.B. 1957.
2377:on 15 September 2013
2008:Halichoeres miniatus
1760:10.1093/icb/45.2.256
1444:Labroides dimidiatus
1268:, Melbourne Aquarium
1134:Labroides dimidiatus
1037:Labroides dimidiatus
1006:California sheephead
272:Subgroups and tribes
19:For other uses, see
3070:Aquatic respiration
2957:Life history theory
2146:Trivers, R. L. 1971
2055:American Naturalist
2024:2009CorRe..28..623M
1985:2002Ethol.108..443K
1934:2002JMolE..55..776H
1686:2015EnvBF..98.1479B
1645:2012CorRe..31..133B
1569:2009MolPE..52..621C
1441:Bluestreak wrasse,
1386:Belize Barrier Reef
1366:Gomphosus caeruleus
1280:Yellowtail wrasse,
1265:Cheilinus undulatus
1240:Cheilinus undulatus
1217:Huffmanela ossicola
52:, a typical wrasse
2909:Weberian apparatus
2259:Scientific Reports
1901:10.1007/BF00005881
1500:Smithiana Bulletin
1478:Wilhelm von Wright
1107:cleaning symbiosis
1099:
1022:broadcast spawning
928:sexually dimorphic
908:protractile mouths
904:
3886:
3885:
3822:Open Tree of Life
3622:Taxon identifiers
3613:
3612:
3523:Fish common names
3434:
3433:
3065:Aquatic predation
2889:Capacity for pain
2618:Age determination
2341:10.1111/jfb.12856
1609:978-0-12-547665-2
1476:Cuckoo wrasse by
1384:Bluehead wrasse,
1262:Humphead wrasse,
1111:cleaning stations
1105:. They live in a
1084:Cleaner wrasses,
990:Most labrids are
152:
151:
133:
50:Thalassoma lunare
3916:
3879:
3878:
3866:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3843:
3842:
3830:
3829:
3817:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3793:
3791:NBNSYS0000160258
3781:
3780:
3768:
3767:
3755:
3754:
3742:
3741:
3729:
3728:
3716:
3715:
3703:
3702:
3690:
3689:
3677:
3676:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3617:
3616:
3601:
3600:
3589:
3588:
3571:
3570:
3305:
3304:
2597:
2528:Ethnoichthyology
2499:
2492:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1917:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1738:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1680:(6): 1479–1489.
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1473:
1458:Six-line wrasse
1455:
1438:
1423:Anampses cuvieri
1417:
1396:
1381:
1369:swimming with a
1361:
1350:Gomphosus varius
1345:
1330:Gomphosus varius
1324:
1298:
1277:
1259:
1234:
1187:infestations in
1145:Gordon G. Gallup
955:four-bar linkage
712:Pseudocheilinops
614:Macropharyngodon
128:
66:
65:
40:
28:
27:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3874:
3869:
3861:
3859:
3851:
3846:
3838:
3833:
3825:
3820:
3812:
3810:
3802:
3797:
3789:
3784:
3776:
3771:
3763:
3758:
3750:
3745:
3737:
3732:
3724:
3719:
3711:
3706:
3698:
3693:
3685:
3680:
3672:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3624:
3614:
3609:
3577:
3501:
3430:
3341:
3294:
3233:
3164:
3057:
3051:
3003:
2947:Ichthyoplankton
2913:
2845:
2838:
2834:Digital Library
2829:Teleost leptins
2768:Shark cartilage
2692:pharyngeal slit
2687:pharyngeal arch
2623:Anguilliformity
2608:
2606:
2598:
2589:
2508:
2503:
2442:
2430:
2428:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2321:
2317:
2309:Popular Science
2300:
2296:
2251:
2247:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2207:
2197:
2193:
2184:
2182:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:, March 7, 2018
2125:
2121:
2108:(1–2): 82–118.
2094:
2090:
2051:
2047:
2004:
2000:
1969:
1965:
1918:
1909:
1880:
1876:
1853:(8): 2254–226.
1839:
1832:
1809:
1805:
1783:
1776:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1666:
1662:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1596:
1592:
1553:
1546:
1515:
1511:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1439:
1430:
1418:
1409:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1373:
1371:yellow goatfish
1362:
1353:
1346:
1337:
1325:
1316:
1299:
1290:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1235:
1226:
1207:of a number of
1201:
1193:as lice busters
1169:
1153:
1094:, on a reef in
1078:
1046:
988:
972:
901:Labrus festivus
893:
888:
886:
856:
851:
850:
719:Pseudocheilinus
481:Diproctacanthus
348:
343:
342:
323:Pseudocheilines
274:
249:Cornish dialect
229:
224:
210:mushroom corals
172:humphead wrasse
127:
60:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3922:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3867:
3857:
3844:
3831:
3818:
3808:
3795:
3782:
3769:
3756:
3743:
3730:
3717:
3704:
3691:
3678:
3665:
3650:
3634:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3595:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3351:
3349:
3347:Wild fisheries
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3270:Hallucinogenic
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3145:Schooling fish
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3105:Filter feeders
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3080:Bottom feeders
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2726:Leydig's organ
2723:
2722:
2721:
2719:pharyngeal jaw
2716:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:branchial arch
2664:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2440:External links
2438:
2437:
2436:
2409:
2408:
2388:
2362:
2335:(2): 805–810.
2315:
2294:
2245:
2239:10.1101/397067
2216:
2191:
2162:
2148:
2139:
2119:
2088:
2067:10.1086/374345
2061:(5): 749–761.
2045:
2018:(3): 623–634.
1998:
1979:(5): 443–450.
1963:
1928:(6): 776–789.
1907:
1894:(3): 330–345.
1874:
1830:
1803:
1791:"Wrasse"
1788:, ed. (1911).
1786:Chisholm, Hugh
1774:
1753:(2): 256–262.
1728:
1707:
1660:
1615:
1608:
1590:
1563:(3): 621–631.
1544:
1531:10962/d1019894
1509:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1420:Pearl wrasse,
1419:
1412:
1410:
1399:Clown wrasse,
1398:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1363:
1356:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1279:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1236:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1200:
1197:
1168:
1165:
1152:
1149:
1077:
1076:Cleaner wrasse
1074:
1045:
1042:
995:hermaphrodites
987:
984:
971:
968:
959:jaw protrusion
892:
889:
857:
855:
852:
849:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
740:Pseudojuloides
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
666:
663:Ophthalmolepis
659:
652:
645:
642:Novaculichthys
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
547:
540:
533:
526:
519:
512:
505:
498:
491:
484:
477:
470:
463:
456:
449:
442:
435:
428:
421:
414:
407:
400:
393:
386:
379:
372:
365:
358:
350:
349:
347:
344:
341:
340:
333:
330:Pseudolabrines
326:
319:
312:
305:
302:Labrichthyines
298:
291:
284:
276:
275:
273:
270:
228:
225:
223:
220:
150:
149:
140:
139:
135:
134:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
105:Actinopterygii
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3921:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3574:
3573:more lists...
3566:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:Fish families
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:Aquarium life
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3496:
3495:fleshy-finned
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3463:Cartilaginous
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:Electric fish
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2731:Mauthner cell
2729:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Chromatophore
2648:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2298:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2206:
2205:New Scientist
2202:
2195:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2158:
2152:
2143:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1835:
1826:
1822:
1819:(255): 1–26.
1818:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1717:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1494:
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1368:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1335:Kona (Hawaii)
1332:
1331:
1327:Bird wrasse,
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1303:Coris gaimard
1297:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1283:Coris gaimard
1276:
1271:
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1123:
1122:ectoparasites
1118:
1116:
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1097:
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1092:
1087:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1050:Eocene period
1041:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:mating system
1000:
996:
993:
983:
981:
977:
976:Ballan wrasse
967:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
906:Wrasses have
902:
897:
847:
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842:
840:
839:
835:
833:
832:
828:
826:
825:
821:
819:
818:
814:
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811:
807:
805:
804:
803:Tautogolabrus
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:
779:
777:
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772:
770:
769:
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765:
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688:
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684:Paracheilinus
681:
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664:
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509:Eupetrichthys
506:
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383:Anchichoerops
380:
378:
377:
373:
371:
370:
366:
364:
363:
359:
357:
356:
355:Acantholabrus
352:
351:
339:
338:
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332:
331:
327:
325:
324:
320:
318:
317:
313:
311:
310:
306:
304:
303:
299:
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288:Hypsigenyines
285:
283:
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278:
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264:
260:
257:
253:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
219:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
205:Paracheilinus
201:
200:
195:
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189:
188:
183:
182:
177:
176:invertebrates
173:
169:
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148:
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59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3629:
3602:
3590:
3490:spiny-finned
3439:Major groups
3160:Intelligence
3140:Scale eaters
3085:Cleaner fish
2967:Mouthbrooder
2919:Reproduction
2894:Schreckstoff
2879:Lateral line
2795:Swim bladder
2785:Spiral valve
2714:hyomandibula
2697:pseudobranch
2580:Hypoxia in -
2429:. Retrieved
2424:
2420:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2375:the original
2365:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2307:
2297:
2265:(1): 20202.
2262:
2258:
2248:
2229:
2219:
2208:. Retrieved
2204:
2199:Ye, Yvaine.
2194:
2183:. Retrieved
2179:the original
2174:
2165:
2151:
2142:
2135:The Atlantic
2134:
2122:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1925:
1921:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1850:
1846:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1795:
1750:
1746:
1720:. Retrieved
1710:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1618:
1599:
1593:
1560:
1556:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1459:
1442:
1421:
1402:Coris aygula
1400:
1364:
1348:
1328:
1306:
1302:
1281:
1263:
1238:
1215:
1202:
1189:salmon farms
1170:
1154:
1138:
1133:
1119:
1103:cleaner fish
1100:
1089:
1085:
1067:
1063:Centrolabrus
1057:
1047:
1036:
1034:
989:
973:
947:neurocranium
939:biomechanics
936:
932:changing sex
915:
911:
905:
900:
843:
838:Xiphocheilus
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
761:Sagittalarva
759:
752:
747:Pseudolabrus
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
670:Oxycheilinus
668:
661:
654:
649:Novaculoides
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
591:
586:Lachnolaimus
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
549:
544:Hologymnosus
542:
535:
528:
521:
516:Frontilabrus
514:
507:
500:
493:
486:
479:
472:
465:
458:
451:
444:
437:
432:Cirrhilabrus
430:
423:
416:
409:
404:Centrolabrus
402:
395:
390:Austrolabrus
388:
381:
374:
367:
360:
353:
335:
328:
321:
314:
307:
300:
293:
286:
279:
265:
258:
251:
244:
236:
230:
213:
203:
199:Oxycheilinus
197:
193:Cirrhilabrus
191:
185:
179:
166:, of marine
163:
155:
153:
143:
124:
49:
25:
3904:Labriformes
3747:iNaturalist
3654:Wikispecies
3604:WikiProject
3563:Prehistoric
3547:Threatened
3238:Other types
3135:Sardine run
3110:Forage fish
3090:Corallivory
2942:Development
2927:Bubble nest
2800:physoclisti
2790:Suckermouth
2763:Root effect
2585:Ichthyology
2012:Coral Reefs
1633:Coral Reefs
1249:Philippines
1161:sea urchins
1141:mirror test
1054:conspecific
1018:promiscuous
992:protogynous
980:coral reefs
891:Description
782:Suezichthys
775:Stethojulis
726:Pseudocoris
698:Pictilabrus
558:Labrichthys
530:Halichoeres
488:Doratonotus
460:Ctenolabrus
316:Novaculines
115:Labriformes
46:Moon wrasse
3893:Categories
3219:Groundfish
3214:Freshwater
3209:Euryhaline
3194:Coral reef
3130:Salmon run
3120:Paedophagy
3022:Amphibious
3009:Locomotion
2817:pharyngeal
2805:physostome
2758:Photophore
2704:Glossohyal
2677:gill raker
2660:dorsal fin
2610:physiology
2467:Photos of
2431:2011-05-18
2371:"Sea Lice"
2232:: 397067.
2210:2020-05-11
2185:2020-05-11
1722:2012-06-28
1485:References
1026:planktonic
1010:polygynous
963:morphology
943:mandibular
920:dorsal fin
912:Lippfische
824:Wetmorella
817:Thalassoma
810:Terelabrus
754:Pteragogus
705:Polylepion
656:Novaculops
635:Notolabrus
628:Minilabrus
621:Malapterus
607:Leptojulis
593:Lappanella
537:Hemigymnus
495:Dotalabrus
369:Ammolabrus
362:Achoerodus
3468:chimaeras
3355:Predatory
3332:Salmonids
3290:Whitefish
3280:Poisonous
3255:Diversity
3189:Coldwater
3125:Predatory
3115:Migratory
3075:Bait ball
3058:behaviour
2977:Pregnancy
2972:Polyandry
2746:papillare
2741:Operculum
2736:Meristics
2682:gill slit
2645:Cleithrum
2575:Fish kill
2565:Fear of -
2558:- as food
2548:Fisheries
2533:Evolution
2523:Diversity
2349:0022-1112
2279:2045-2322
2102:Behaviour
1847:Evolution
1702:254466578
1539:0073-4381
1209:parasites
1199:Parasites
1181:reef safe
1086:Labroides
1059:Symphodus
997:within a
924:soft rays
916:lipvissen
845:Xyrichtys
831:Xenojulis
789:Symphodus
733:Pseudodax
691:Parajulis
600:Larabicus
572:Labropsis
565:Labroides
551:Iniistius
523:Gomphosus
467:Cymolutes
446:Conniella
439:Clepticus
425:Choerodon
411:Cheilinus
295:Julidines
281:Cheilines
227:Etymology
130:G. Cuvier
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
3899:Labridae
3674:Labridae
3660:Labridae
3639:Wikidata
3630:Labridae
3592:Category
3543:Smallest
3456:lampreys
3419:flatfish
3409:Demersal
3365:mackerel
3360:billfish
3300:Commerce
3229:Tropical
3204:Demersal
3199:Deep-sea
3155:Venomous
3047:RoboTuna
2997:triggers
2992:Spawning
2952:Juvenile
2937:Egg case
2570:FishBase
2357:26693945
2288:11390716
2083:33000631
2075:12858282
2040:38928952
1973:Ethology
1950:12486536
1869:20394662
1769:21676769
1585:19464378
1525:: 1–97.
1506:: 29–44.
1245:Apo Reef
1213:nematode
1185:sea-lice
1157:tool use
1151:Tool use
1115:gnathiid
1014:lek-like
899:Lips of
854:Timeline
677:Oxyjulis
502:Epibulus
397:Bodianus
376:Anampses
337:Scarines
309:Labrines
243:form of
222:Taxonomy
187:Epibulus
181:Bodianus
164:Labridae
145:See text
125:Labridae
121:Family:
95:Chordata
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
31:Wrasses
3645:Q208722
3538:Largest
3451:hagfish
3446:Jawless
3424:pollock
3397:sardine
3392:herring
3387:anchovy
3337:Tilapia
3327:Octopus
3322:Catfish
3309:Farming
3224:Pelagic
3184:Coastal
3171:habitat
3027:Walking
2932:Clasper
2884:Otolith
2846:systems
2844:Sensory
2778:ganoine
2753:Papilla
2604:Anatomy
2543:Fishing
2469:Wrasses
2230:bioRxiv
2175:Animals
2131:Ed Yong
2020:Bibcode
1981:Bibcode
1958:3002410
1930:Bibcode
1682:Bibcode
1641:Bibcode
1639:: 133.
1565:Bibcode
1407:Red Sea
1224:Gallery
1177:aquaria
999:haremic
951:maxilla
796:Tautoga
474:Decodon
418:Cheilio
266:gwrac'h
241:lenited
233:Cornish
156:wrasses
138:Genera
111:Order:
101:Class:
3876:125541
3863:114180
3860:uBio:
3827:214115
3811:NZOR:
3778:170477
3765:114341
3726:1LABRF
3556:sharks
3473:sharks
3402:sprats
3382:Forage
3370:salmon
3250:Coarse
3032:Flying
2904:Vision
2859:Barbel
2773:Scales
2633:dermal
2513:About
2381:8 June
2355:
2347:
2285:
2277:
2081:
2073:
2038:
1956:
1948:
1867:
1767:
1700:
1606:
1583:
1537:
1428:Hawaii
1313:Hawaii
1288:Hawaii
1173:tautog
1096:Hawaii
1069:Labrus
1066:, and
1016:, and
918:. The
579:Labrus
346:Genera
263:Breton
259:gwrach
245:gwragh
202:, and
160:family
158:are a
132:, 1816
3871:WoRMS
3848:Plazi
3840:80708
3760:IRMNG
3752:49284
3518:Blind
3506:Lists
3285:Rough
3150:Sleep
3056:Other
2822:shark
2812:Teeth
2427:: 560
2079:S2CID
2036:S2CID
1954:S2CID
1698:S2CID
1205:hosts
1126:cheat
1030:tidal
453:Coris
256:Welsh
252:wrath
237:wragh
235:word
3804:8247
3799:NCBI
3773:ITIS
3739:8535
3734:GBIF
3721:EPPO
3713:5305
3687:1853
3682:BOLD
3551:rays
3485:Bony
3478:rays
3375:tuna
3317:Carp
3275:Oily
3260:Game
3245:Bait
3179:Cave
2962:Milt
2667:Gill
2655:Fins
2628:Bone
2515:fish
2506:Fish
2383:2011
2353:PMID
2345:ISSN
2275:ISSN
2071:PMID
1946:PMID
1865:PMID
1765:PMID
1604:ISBN
1581:PMID
1535:ISSN
261:and
239:, a
212:and
168:fish
154:The
3786:NBN
3708:EoL
3700:BPN
3695:CoL
3669:AFD
3414:cod
3169:By
2982:Roe
2709:Jaw
2607:and
2425:364
2397:PDF
2337:doi
2283:PMC
2267:doi
2234:doi
2129:by
2110:doi
2106:102
2063:doi
2059:161
2028:doi
2010:".
1989:doi
1977:108
1938:doi
1896:doi
1855:doi
1821:doi
1817:255
1755:doi
1690:doi
1649:doi
1573:doi
1527:hdl
1311:in
1243:in
3895::
3873::
3850::
3837::
3824::
3801::
3788::
3775::
3762::
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2423:.
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2351:.
2343:.
2333:88
2331:.
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1944:.
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1647:.
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