446:, the BESW works with grouping emotions into either states or traits and then classifying them as positive, negative passive, or negative active. Researchers can assess subjects, giving writers a chance to get more work done if left in the right emotional state, since data suggests that writers with positive emotions tended to express more than writers with negative passive or negative active. Scholars and researchers such as Dr. Mandy Bamber suggest practicing meditation to reduce negative moods like stress and anxiety. Bamber's team conducted a study on 40 university students who showed signs of anxiety. After practicing mindfulness and mediation exercises, 33 out of the 40 showed significant decreases in stress and anxiety levels.
469:
to one another. Writer's block is not continuing to do a task, and procrastination is delaying to start the task. In her 1987 Ph.D. thesis (published in 2012), Karen E. Peterson posited two different scenarios on how procrastination and writer's block can lead up to each other. One scenario is that a person will procrastinate due to having the fear of past experiences of getting writer's block when doing a task. The other scenario is that a person will have writer's block because of the feeling of being overwhelmed about needing to do a task at the last minute after procrastinating for a long period of time.
29:
255:
experiences are in motivating students to write. Success generally enhances one's belief in their efficacy, whereas failure weakens them. "These mechanisms are particularly evident in early phases of skill development where failure typically occurs before a sense of efficacy has been firmly established. This implies that children in their first years in school have writer self-beliefs that are particularly malleable and dynamic". Writing development is therefore both enhanced and endangered during the first years in school.
306:, clustering, list making, and engaging with the text. To overcome writing blocks, Oliver suggests asking writers questions to uncover their writing process. He then recommends solutions such as systematic questioning, free writing, and encouragement. A recent study of 2,500 writers aimed to find techniques that writers themselves use to overcome writer's block. The research discovered a range of solutions from altering the time of day to write and setting deadlines to lowering expectations and using
485:
184:". The limbic system is associated with the instinctual processes, such as "fight or flight" response; and behaviour that is based on "deeply engrained training". The limited input from the cerebral cortex hinders a person's creative processes, which is replaced by the behaviours associated with the limbic system. The person is often unaware of the change, which may lead them to believe they are creatively "blocked".
62:. All types of writers, including full-time professionals, academics, workers of creative projects, and those trying to finish written assignments, can experience writer's block. The condition has many causes, some that are even unrelated to writing. The majority of writer's block researchers agree that most causes of writer's block have an affective/physiological, motivational, and cognitive component.
354:
concluded that it is a treatable condition once the writer finds a way to remove anxiety and build confidence in themselves. Sarah Ahmed and
Dominik Güss state that solutions for coping with writer's block include using more efficient writing strategies during the composing process, more effective goal-setting strategies, and even brainstorming ideas with others.
363:
different sections of a paper, rather than trying to start with an introduction, can be a useful strategy to cope with writer's block. She points out that if a person is stuck on the introduction, they can try moving onto a different section like a body paragraph. Huston states: "There is no need to begin at the beginning and write an article in sequence".
271:
contexts of life. Related to self-efficacy, Driscoll and Wells suggest that writers who have a positive self-belief are more likely to produce work than some with a negative self-belief. Self-efficacy is especially important for a writer when it comes to an unfamiliar learning or writing setting because it may seem overwhelming.
121:, who described it as being caused by oral masochism, mothers that bottle fed, and an unstable private love life. The growing reputation of psychiatry in the United States made the term gain more recognition. However, some great writers may have already suffered from writer's block years before Bergler described it, such as
473:
suggestion makes a connection to one of
Peterson's scenarios, specifically when someone procrastinates due to fear of past experiences and begins to feel judgmental toward themselves. Kervin recommends taking a mindful approach to combating procrastination in order to become more grounded and improve self-regulation.
341:" involvement in writing. While Bill Downey proposes that he is basing his approach in practical concerns, his concentration on "right-brain" techniques speaks to cognitive theory approach similar to Rico's and a more practical advice for writers to approach their writer's block. Mike Rose mentions that
472:
According to some scholars like Claire Kervin, procrastination is usually a result of a negative mood and is a "short-term mood regulator". Unlike previous beliefs that procrastination is poor time management, Kervin suggests procrastination is a way individuals cope with negative emotions. Kervin's
285:
For tutors to provide students with the most appropriate feedback, scholars like Jared
Featherstone from James Madison University suggest that tutors should be well educated in mindfulness strategies to combat a student's fixed mindset. He argues that tutors or instructors should be mindful enough to
266:
stated that writer's block can be caused by a writer's history in writing, rules and restrictions from the past. Writers can be hesitant of what they write based on how it will be perceived by the audience. Guangming Ling states that there is a negative correlation between self-efficacy and avoidance
250:
Herman A. Estrin in his article "Motivation in
Composition Writing" writes: "When freshmen are assigned such topics for a research paper as ... they have no real background of the subject for an in-depth paper ... they prepare a mechanical, lifeless paper with no creativity, imagination, or
225:
itself. This damage causes an extreme form of writer's block known as agraphia. With agraphia, the inability to write is due to issues with the cerebral cortex; this disables the brain's process of translating thoughts into writing. Brain injuries are an example of a physical illness that can cause a
113:
period (mid-18th to mid-19th century), it was widely recognised as something that would block a writer and cause them emotional instability. Research concerning this topic was done in the late 1970s and 1980s. During this time, researchers were influenced by the
Process and Post-Process movements and
393:
something—anything!—to jog yourself into motion." Cherryl
Armstrong, who worked with the South Coast Writing Project, stated that one can free-write about anything, even a completely different subject than one was going to write about: "any writing will do". Oliver claims that after free writing the
254:
Aline Alves-Wold, in her article "Assessing
Writing Motivation: a Systematic Review of K-5 Students' Self-Reports" states that there is a general lack of research on the motivation of students to write in the first few years of education, which is problematic when one considers how important initial
468:
are two similar issues that people struggle with when it comes to writing. Writer's block is an issue that can cause people to delay their goals and may prevent them from finishing writing projects. Although writer's block and procrastination are not the exact same issue, they can end up leading up
449:
Anne
Johnstone suggests a couple of strategies to help with writer's block. When one finds oneself unable to generate content, Johnstone suggests "recopying a well-liked piece" of one's own to help generate ideas. Johnstone states that individuals who are articulate orally but struggle with writing
353:
It is also important to evaluate the environment in which the writing is being produced to determine what is the best condition to work in. One must look into these different factors to determine whether it is a good or bad environment to work in. Psychologists who have studied writer's block have
281:
In "Motivation in the
Writing Centre: A Peer Tutor's Experience", Leonie Kirchoff states that "The concept of 'amotivation' describes a lack of motivation due to an individual's feeling of incompetence and helplessness." Demotivation is the process of reducing or diminishing motivational basis for
237:
For a composition perspective, Lawrence Oliver said in his article "Helping
Students Overcome Writer's Block": "Students receive little or no advice on how to generate ideas or explore their thoughts, and they usually must proceed through the writing process without guidance or corrective feedback
50:
Writer's block has various degrees of severity, from difficulty in coming up with original ideas to being unable to produce work for years. This condition is not solely measured by time passing without writing, it is measured by time passing without productivity in the task at hand. Writer's block
416:
is suggested as another potential solution to writer's block. The technique involves writing a stream of consciousness on a horizontal piece of paper and connecting any similar or linked thoughts. This exercise is intended to help a writer suffering from writer's block to bypass the analytical or
388:
but is written in prose form without stopping. To free-write, one writes without pausing to think or edit, and one pours raw ideas onto paper. Author Benjamin Solomon described the rationale for the technique: "Writer's block is a rut, a ditch, a trap, a swampy mire, and in order to lift yourself
314:
recommends meditation as a grounding exercise to help people becoming more metacognitavely aware. Chaterdon had conducted a study in her two writing classes at Marist College and concluded that practicing mindfulness at least once a week is essential in developing higher levels of metacognition.
398:
effective method that has helped people deal with writer's block. This method consists of writing down ideas or thoughts about a certain topic. Freewriting doesn't focus on grammar or style. There is only one rule for this method, and that is to keep on writing. Educators should also never read
362:
Research has also shown that it is highly effective if one breaks their work into pieces rather than doing all of their writing in one sitting, in order to produce good quality work. While it can be helpful to split up the writing process into pieces, Patricia Huston suggests that starting with
313:
Mindfulness meditation has proved to increase awareness and improve writing skills. Kate Chaterdon, an English professor at Marist College, suggests mindfulness not only improves writing skills but also allows writers to transfer their knowledge of writing into other contexts of life. Chaterdon
270:
Similarly to Ling, Dana Driscoll and Jennifer Wells explain writing dispositions in their essay "Beyond Knowledge and Skills". Driscoll and Wells argue that dispositions toward writing play crucial roles in determining whether writers are able to transfer their knowledge of writing into other
241:
Phyllis Koestenbaum wrote in her article "The Secret Climate the Year I Stopped Writing" about her trepidation toward writing, claiming it was tied directly to her instructor's response. She said, "I needed to write to feel, but without feeling I couldn't write." In contrast to Koestenbaum's
206:, or the intensive desire to write. She points out that in this condition, the patient's temporal lobe is afflicted, usually by damage, and it may be the same changes in this area of the brain that can contribute to writer's-blocking behaviours. Not to be confused with writer's block,
433:
Camacho, Alves and Boscolo wrote about enhancing students' writing motivation in the classroom. They say that to foster students' positive self-beliefs and beliefs about writing, teachers must nurture their self-beliefs, as well as their beliefs about the writing task.
336:
looks into invention strategies, such as clustering, which has been noted to be an invention strategy used to help writers overcome their blocks, and further emphasizes the solutions presented in works by Rose, Oliver, and Clark. Similar to Rico, James Adams discusses
282:
behavior or ongoing actions through external influences. An external factor such as feedback may affect demotivation, whereas an internal factor, such as pessimistic expectations, may cause amotivation. Even so, both concepts have similar effects on writers.
242:
experience, Nancy Sommers stated that papers do not end when students finish writing and that neither should instructors' comments. She urges a "partnership" between writers and instructors so that responses become a conversation.
760:
286:
be grounded and focused solely on their student so they can pick up on the feelings, stress, or fixed mindsets their student might have. An unmindful tutor might accidentally reinforce a student's negative thinking patterns.
202:, and that block may be the result of brain activity being disrupted in those areas. Dr. Flaherty suggested in her writing that there are many diseases that may impact one's ability to write. One of which she refers to is
417:
critical functioning of their brain and access the creative functioning more directly, stimulating the flow of ideas. Other techniques similar to clustering and mind mapping are the writing of notes on cards in a
394:
writer is able to analyze many ideas that might not have been generated before and develop a clearer sense of what theme is trying to be communicated throughout the writing. Lawrence J. Oliver suggests that
2178:
It is through the use of hypertext itself and an understanding of hypertext theories that instructors can begin to help students to use computers to break through writing difficulties such as writer's block.
210:
is a neurological disorder caused by trauma or stroke causing difficulty in communicating through writing. Agraphia cannot be treated directly, but it is possible to relearn certain writing abilities.
226:
writer to be blocked. Other brain related disorders and neurological disorders such as epilepsy have been known to cause the problem of writer's block and hypergraphia, the strong urge to write.
109:(late 19th-century art movement) who had famously recognised poets that gave up writing early into their career because they were unable to find the language to convey their message. During the
2413:
238:
from the teacher, who withholds comments and criticism until grading the final product." He said that students "learn to write by writing", and often they are insecure or paralyzed by rules.
105:
did not understand much about the topic; they assumed writer's block was due to a power that did not want them to write any more. It became slightly more recognised during the time of French
1071:
Oppenheim, Lois (June 2005). "Book Reviews: The midnight disease: The drive to write, writer's block, and the creative brain. By Alice W. Flaherty. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004, 320 pp".
278:
that various reasons blocks occur include fear of taking a risk, "chaos" in the pre-writing stage, judging versus generating ideas, an inability to incubate ideas, or a lack of motivation.
774:
234:
Some other causes of writer's block has been due to writer's anxiety. Writer's anxiety is defined as being worried with one's words or thought, thus experiencing writer's block.
151:, reflecting on her post-bestseller prospects, proposed that such a pressure might be released by interpreting creative writers as "having" genius rather than "being" a genius.
2378:
221:
Physical damage can produce writer's block. If a person experiences tissue damage in the brain, i.e. a stroke, it is likely to lead to other complications apart from the
218:
Other research identifies neurological malfunctions as a cause. Malcolm T. Cunningham showed how these malfunctions can be linked to trauma both mental and physical.
267:
goals in studies on writing apprehension and writer's block, which suggests that having hesitations about writing may lead to less effort and thus less success.
168:
describing a day in London: "It was too big for him, that was the truth. It had never really progressed, it had simply fallen apart into a series of fragments."
2486:
85:
Throughout history, writer's block has been a documented problem. Professionals who have struggled with the affliction include authors such as
345:
provide supportive feedback so that blocked writers can feel secure in sharing their problems and experimenting with new ideas about writing.
976:
1150:
1114:
Cunningham, Malcolm T. (17 April 2007). "Writer's block: failures of the neurological network and comparisons with business networks".
938:
176:
Physiological and neurological bases of writer's block have been suggested. Under stress, a human brain will "shift control from the
1999:
1453:
Ling, Guangming; Elliot, Norbert; Burstein, Jill C.; McCaffrey, Daniel F.; MacArthur, Charles A.; Holtzman, Steven (1 April 2021).
915:
1540:
1402:
Rose, Mike (1980). "Rigid Rules, Inflexible Plans, and the Stifling of Language: A Cognitivist Analysis of Writer's Block".
2418:
450:
and forming their ideas into sentences on paper should try tape-recording themselves and later transcribing it onto paper.
607:
2287:"Mindfulness-based meditation to decrease stress and anxiety in college students: A narrative synthesis of the research"
2250:
Brand, Alice G.; Powell, Jack L. (1 May 1986). "Emotions and the Writing Process: A Description of Apprentice Writers".
2479:
1168:
1044:
828:
537:
199:
20:
536:. Foreword by Marilyn S. Sternglass. Carbondale: Published for Conference on College Composition and Communication by
1931:
1271:
583:
545:
442:
Other ways to cope come from ideas such as The Brand Emotions Scale for Writers (BESW). Using the framework of the
329:
323:
114:
therefore focused specifically on the writer's processes. The condition was first described in 1947 by Austrian
2122:
1655:
65:
Studies have found effective coping strategies to deal with writer's block. These strategies aim to remove the
2472:
508:
2549:
2192:"Writing Motivation in School: a Systematic Review of Empirical Research in the Early Twenty-First Century"
294:
Irene Clark describes the following strategies for coping with writer's block: class and group discussion,
2662:
443:
1703:"Rigid Rules, Inflexible Plans, and the Stifling of Language: A Cognitivist Analysis of Writer's Block"
160:
2286:
1568:
1454:
1808:
251:
originality". According to him, freshman students write well about topics they are passionate about.
1503:
2739:
2606:
2328:
1232:
90:
2354:
991:
2379:"Emotional Management over Time Management: Using Mindfulness to Address Student Procrastination"
2114:
2101:
1604:
2558:
2519:
2495:
2000:"There's no such thing as writer's block; (or if there is, some suggestions for dissolving it)"
307:
818:
47:, in which an author is either unable to produce new work or experiences a creative slowdown.
2360:
1621:
195:
28:
1017:
935:
332:, also explored by Rose and Linda Flowers and John R. Hayes, among others. Rico's book
503:
263:
144:
110:
8:
2744:
2693:
2563:
2107:
When a Writer Can't Write: Studies in Writer's Block and Other Composing-Process Problems
1900:
94:
86:
2011:
1686:
Right Brain – Write ON!: Overcoming Writer's Block and Achieving Your Creative Potential
792:
2578:
2448:
2229:
2169:
2081:
2046:
1945:
1890:
1836:
1784:
1749:
1730:
1684:
1648:
Writing the Natural Way: Using Right-Brain Techniques to Release Your Expressive Powers
1482:
1435:
1427:
1379:
1346:
1345:
Alves-Wold, Aline; Walgermo, Bente Rigmor; McTigue, Erin; Uppstad, Per Henning (2023).
1324:
1241:
1209:
1096:
983:
890:
855:
678:
661:
530:
498:
2749:
2677:
2652:
2453:
2435:
2306:
2267:
2233:
2221:
2128:
2118:
2038:
1980:
1949:
1937:
1927:
1871:
1840:
1828:
1789:
1771:
1722:
1661:
1651:
1546:
1536:
1486:
1474:
1419:
1384:
1366:
1316:
1277:
1267:
1230:
Koestenbaum, Phyllis (Summer 2007). "The Secret Climate the Year I Stopped Writing".
1164:
1131:
1100:
1088:
1050:
1040:
987:
895:
877:
824:
683:
589:
579:
551:
541:
148:
2356:
Relationships Among Measures Of Writer's Block, Writing Anxiety, And Procrastination
2085:
1963:"The midnight disease: the drive to write, writer's block, and the creative brain".
1439:
2770:
2667:
2657:
2611:
2509:
2443:
2427:
2390:
2298:
2263:
2259:
2211:
2203:
2159:
2073:
1972:
1919:
1896:
1863:
1820:
1779:
1761:
1714:
1580:
1466:
1411:
1374:
1358:
1312:
1308:
1156:
1123:
1080:
946:
885:
867:
673:
106:
33:
1824:
2594:
2524:
2302:
1347:"Assessing Writing Motivation: a Systematic Review of K-5 Students' Self-Reports"
1084:
942:
921:
769:
465:
459:
295:
177:
122:
2394:
2164:
2147:
1037:
The Midnight Disease: The Drive to Write, Writer's Block, and the Creative Brain
189:
The Midnight Disease: The Drive to Write, Writer's Block, and the Creative Brain
143:
problems that originate within an author's work itself. A writer may run out of
2207:
2110:
1362:
717:
490:
118:
115:
59:
1923:
1550:
1470:
1127:
1054:
2764:
2647:
2439:
2431:
2310:
2271:
2225:
2191:
2042:
1984:
1941:
1875:
1832:
1775:
1726:
1504:"CF 26: Beyond Knowledge and Skills by Dana Lynn Driscoll and Jennifer Wells"
1478:
1423:
1370:
1320:
1281:
1160:
1135:
1092:
977:"The Writer's Brain: What Neurology Tells Us about Teaching Creative Writing"
881:
742:
593:
385:
372:
303:
181:
155:
74:
2132:
2077:
1665:
1200:
Oliver Jr., Lawrence J. (1982). "Helping Students Overcome Writer's Block".
164:, in which the protagonist Gordon Comstock struggles in vain to complete an
2457:
1976:
1793:
1585:
1388:
899:
555:
484:
413:
408:
377:
299:
203:
70:
687:
2723:
2514:
1622:"CF 50: Mindful Practice & Metacognitive Awareness by Kate Chaterdon"
1455:"Writing motivation: A validation study of self-judgment and performance"
701:
Rienzi, Greg (28 September 2009). "Great Scott: Fitzgerald's Baltimore".
633:
608:"Symptoms and Cures for Writer's Block - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University"
381:
342:
338:
102:
2216:
2173:
2050:
2026:
1328:
1296:
1245:
1213:
380:
is a widely accepted technique for overcoming writer's block. Taught by
2718:
2672:
2631:
2599:
2529:
2464:
1867:
1766:
1264:
Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing
872:
634:"An Analysis of Writer's Block: Causes, Characteristics, and Solutions"
576:
Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing
140:
1734:
1702:
1431:
422:
418:
192:
165:
127:
2568:
258:
2626:
2616:
1718:
1415:
765:
207:
2064:
Lopeke, Linda (December 1984). "Breaking through writer's block".
2621:
66:
44:
1344:
1152:
The Psychology of Creative Writing edited by Scott Barry Kaufman
2713:
2534:
2414:"The unsuccessful self-treatment of a case of "writer's block""
2148:"Breaking the block: basic writers in the electronic classroom"
1914:
Jackson, Michael (2013). "24. Writing in Search of Lost Time".
222:
1918:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 150–154.
198:
has argued that literary creativity is a function of specific
51:
has been an acknowledged problem throughout recorded history.
2708:
2698:
2573:
2190:
Camacho, Ana; Alves, Rui A.; Boscolo, Pietro (1 March 2021).
1569:"Motivation in the Writing Centre: A Peer Tutor's Experience"
98:
357:
2703:
2285:
Bamber, Mandy D.; Kraenzle Schneider, Joanne (1 May 2016).
1452:
428:
16:
Condition in which an author experiences creative slowdown
2284:
1535:(5th ed.). New York: Basic Books. pp. 25–133.
328:
Garbriele Lusser Rico's concern with the mind links to
171:
125:, who stopped writing novels a few years after writing
1034:
43:
is a non-medical condition, primarily associated with
2377:
Kervin, Claire E.; Barrett, Heather E. (1 May 2018).
2066:
ACM SIGDOC Asterisk Journal of Computer Documentation
1809:"An Analysis of Writer's Block: Causes and Solutions"
1149:
Kaufman, Scott Barry; Kaufman, James C, eds. (2009).
970:
968:
849:
847:
480:
2189:
2100:
1683:
1073:Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
965:
914:
844:
529:
2329:"The writer's hell: Approaches to writer's block"
1807:Ahmed, Sarah J.; Güss, C. Dominik (3 July 2022).
366:
259:Negative self-beliefs and feeling of incompetence
139:Writer's block may have several causes. Some are
2762:
2348:
2346:
1533:Conceptual Blockbusting: A Guide to Better Ideas
229:
147:, or be distracted by other events. The writer
2109:. Perspectives in Writing Research. New York:
1916:The Other Shore: Essays on Writers and Writing
1888:
1650:(Revised ed.). New York: Tarcher/Putnam.
1225:
1223:
1148:
1116:Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing
743:"How great artists have fought creative block"
453:
2480:
2376:
2343:
2004:The Quarterly of the National Writing Project
1750:"Taking the Helm; Combining Responsibilities"
399:students' freewriting unless asked to do so.
2383:WLN: A Journal of Writing Center Scholarship
2322:
2320:
1602:
2249:
1262:Somers, Nancy (2012). "Across the Drafts".
1229:
1220:
925:. Vol. 68, no. 9. pp. 23–24.
69:about writing and range from ideas such as
2487:
2473:
2027:"Helping Students Overcome Writer's Block"
1257:
1255:
1199:
1113:
820:Comprehensive dictionary of psychoanalysis
810:
317:
2447:
2326:
2317:
2215:
2163:
1997:
1806:
1783:
1765:
1677:
1675:
1584:
1566:
1378:
1301:Improving College and University Teaching
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1070:
936:Elizabeth Gilbert on nurturing creativity
889:
871:
677:
421:, and nonlinear electronic writing using
358:Splitting the writing into smaller pieces
2494:
2352:
2245:
2243:
1971:(1): 42–0127–42–0127. 1 September 2004.
1895:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
1526:
1524:
1015:
853:
790:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
27:
1913:
1889:Kwame Harrison, Anthony (24 May 2018).
1252:
1018:"Blocked: why do writers stop writing?"
740:
569:
567:
565:
532:Writer's Block: The Cognitive Dimension
429:Positive self-beliefs and encouragement
2763:
2372:
2370:
2063:
2024:
1747:
1690:. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
1681:
1672:
1616:
1614:
1598:
1596:
1498:
1496:
1294:
1261:
1184:
912:
816:
793:"Blocked Why do writers stop writing?"
723:writer who didn't publish for 30 years
700:
659:
348:
32:A representation of writer's block by
2468:
2411:
2240:
2098:
1707:College Composition and Communication
1567:Kirchhoff, Leonie (24 January 2022).
1562:
1560:
1530:
1521:
1404:College Composition and Communication
1340:
1338:
1266:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
1066:
1064:
786:
784:
761:"Adele Opens Up About Writer's Block"
715:
644:
638:UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations
631:
578:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
573:
245:
54:However, not until 1947 was the term
2419:Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
2145:
2102:"Psychotherapies for writing blocks"
1700:
1645:
1639:
1401:
974:
562:
527:
289:
172:Physiological and neurological basis
154:A fictional example can be found in
58:coined by the Austrian psychiatrist
2367:
2252:The Journal of Educational Research
1998:Armstrong, Cherryl (January 1983).
1748:Huston, Patricia (September 2001).
1611:
1593:
1493:
1297:"Motivation in Composition Writing"
437:
13:
2405:
1901:10.1093/oso/9780199371785.003.0004
1694:
1557:
1335:
1061:
1009:
860:American Journal of Neuroradiology
781:
574:Clark, Irene (2012). "Invention".
538:Southern Illinois University Press
14:
2782:
1754:Canadian Journal of Public Health
854:Castillo, M. (5 September 2013).
773:. 24 October 2015. Archived from
660:Huston, Patricia (January 1998).
2359:(Ph.D. thesis). Columbus, Ohio:
741:Winston, Robert (27 July 2010).
483:
324:Lateralization of brain function
2353:Peterson, Karen Eileen (1987).
2278:
2183:
2146:Kish, Judith Mara (Fall 2000).
2139:
2092:
2057:
2018:
1991:
1956:
1907:
1882:
1856:Nonprofit Communications Report
1847:
1800:
1741:
1646:Rico, Gabriele Lusser (2000) .
1446:
1395:
1288:
1142:
1107:
1035:Flaherty, Alice Weaver (2015).
1028:
1016:Acolella, Joan (14 June 2004).
975:Bane, Rosanne (February 2010).
952:
929:
913:Miller, John J. (23 May 2016).
906:
632:Ahmed, Sarah (1 January 2019).
402:
213:
21:Writer's block (disambiguation)
2264:10.1080/00220671.1986.10885692
2010:(1): 14–15, 18. Archived from
1313:10.1080/00193089.1973.10533389
753:
734:
709:
694:
625:
600:
521:
367:Free writing and brainstorming
274:James Adams noted in his book
77:to talking to a professional.
1:
2327:Johnstone, Anne (Fall 1983).
2196:Educational Psychology Review
1825:10.1080/10400419.2022.2031436
1351:Educational Psychology Review
1039:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
823:. Karnac Books. p. 310.
716:Maher, Michael (7 May 2015).
705:. Johns F Kennedy University.
514:
509:Process theory of composition
384:, free writing is similar to
230:Writer anxiety and inhibition
2303:10.1016/j.edurev.2015.12.004
2025:Oliver, Lawrence J. (1982).
1892:Writing Up Research Findings
1603:Featherstone, Jared (2018).
1085:10.1177/00030651050530022401
791:Acocella, J (14 June 2004).
7:
2740:Articulation (sociological)
2412:Upper, Dennis (Fall 1974).
2395:10.37514/WLN-J.2018.42.9.03
2333:Journal of Teaching Writing
2291:Educational Research Review
2165:10.37514/JBW-J.2000.19.2.08
1854:"Overcome Writer's Block".
1813:Creativity Research Journal
1573:Journal of Academic Writing
476:
454:Relation to procrastination
444:Differential Emotions Scale
10:
2787:
2208:10.1007/s10648-020-09530-4
1862:(1): 1. 14 December 2016.
1363:10.1007/s10648-023-09732-6
1295:Estrin, Herman A. (1973).
960:Keep The Aspidistra Flying
916:"Wordsmiths Without Words"
662:"Resolving writer's block"
457:
406:
370:
321:
161:Keep the Aspidistra Flying
80:
18:
2732:
2686:
2640:
2587:
2548:
2502:
1924:10.1525/9780520954823-025
1531:Adams, James L. (2019) .
1471:10.1016/j.asw.2020.100509
1128:10.1108/08858620710741850
941:26 September 2016 at the
666:Canadian Family Physician
134:
2432:10.1901/jaba.1974.7-497a
2152:Journal of Basic Writing
1233:The Massachusetts Review
1161:10.1017/CBO9780511627101
2105:. In Rose, Mike (ed.).
2078:10.1145/1111174.1111177
817:Akhtar, Salman (2009).
334:Writing the Natural Way
318:Right-brain involvement
276:Conceptual Blockbusting
2099:Boice, Robert (1985).
1977:10.5860/choice.42-0127
1586:10.18552/joaw.v6i1.282
396:freewriting is another
308:mindfulness meditation
103:Early Romantic writers
37:
2361:Ohio State University
1965:Choice Reviews Online
1682:Downey, Bill (1984).
31:
2496:Literary composition
2158:(2): 141–159 (148).
2113:. pp. 182–218 (
1626:compositionforum.com
1508:compositionforum.com
777:on 20 November 2015.
504:Occupational burnout
330:brain lateralisation
111:Great American Novel
19:For other uses, see
2745:Composition studies
2694:Creative nonfiction
2559:Linguistic contrast
2552: / devices
2014:on 6 December 2023.
1701:Rose, Mike (1980).
1605:"The Mindful Tutor"
528:Rose, Mike (1984).
464:Writer's block and
349:Writing environment
95:Sergei Rachmaninoff
87:F. Scott Fitzgerald
2031:Journal of Reading
1868:10.1002/npcr.30569
1767:10.1007/bf03404972
1202:Journal of Reading
1155:. Cambridge Core.
873:10.3174/ajnr.a3729
499:Analysis paralysis
246:Student motivation
200:areas of the brain
38:
2758:
2757:
2750:Technical writing
2564:Literary contrast
1542:978-1-5416-7404-2
1459:Assessing Writing
389:out, you need to
290:Coping strategies
196:Alice W. Flaherty
191:, the writer and
187:In her 2004 book
149:Elizabeth Gilbert
97:, and songwriter
2778:
2668:Rhetorical modes
2658:Grammatical mood
2612:Cut-up technique
2510:Characterization
2489:
2482:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2399:
2398:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2219:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2167:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2104:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1769:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1197:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
996:
990:. Archived from
981:
972:
963:
956:
950:
933:
927:
926:
918:
910:
904:
903:
893:
875:
866:(6): 1043–1044.
856:"Writer's Block"
851:
842:
841:
839:
837:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
788:
779:
778:
757:
751:
750:
738:
732:
731:
713:
707:
706:
698:
692:
691:
681:
657:
642:
641:
629:
623:
622:
620:
618:
604:
598:
597:
571:
560:
559:
535:
525:
493:
488:
487:
438:Other techniques
397:
34:Leonid Pasternak
2786:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2733:Beyond the arts
2728:
2682:
2636:
2595:Writing process
2583:
2544:
2525:Fiction writing
2498:
2493:
2408:
2406:Further reading
2403:
2402:
2389:(9–10): 10–18.
2375:
2368:
2351:
2344:
2325:
2318:
2283:
2279:
2248:
2241:
2188:
2184:
2144:
2140:
2125:
2097:
2093:
2062:
2058:
2023:
2019:
1996:
1992:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1934:
1912:
1908:
1887:
1883:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1805:
1801:
1746:
1742:
1699:
1695:
1680:
1673:
1658:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1601:
1594:
1565:
1558:
1543:
1529:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1451:
1447:
1400:
1396:
1343:
1336:
1293:
1289:
1274:
1260:
1253:
1228:
1221:
1198:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1147:
1143:
1112:
1108:
1069:
1062:
1047:
1033:
1029:
1014:
1010:
1000:
998:
997:on 28 June 2018
994:
979:
973:
966:
958:George Orwell,
957:
953:
943:Wayback Machine
934:
930:
922:National Review
911:
907:
852:
845:
835:
833:
831:
815:
811:
801:
799:
789:
782:
770:Huffington Post
759:
758:
754:
739:
735:
714:
710:
703:The JHU Gazette
699:
695:
658:
645:
630:
626:
616:
614:
606:
605:
601:
586:
572:
563:
548:
526:
522:
517:
489:
482:
479:
466:procrastination
462:
460:Procrastination
456:
440:
431:
411:
405:
395:
375:
369:
360:
351:
326:
320:
292:
261:
248:
232:
216:
178:cerebral cortex
174:
137:
123:Herman Melville
91:Joseph Mitchell
83:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2784:
2774:
2773:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2653:Writer's voice
2650:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2540:Writer's block
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2503:General topics
2500:
2499:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2366:
2342:
2316:
2277:
2258:(5): 280–285.
2239:
2202:(1): 213–247.
2182:
2138:
2123:
2111:Guilford Press
2091:
2056:
2037:(2): 162–168.
2017:
1990:
1955:
1932:
1906:
1881:
1846:
1819:(3): 339–354.
1799:
1760:(5): 325–327.
1740:
1719:10.2307/356589
1713:(4): 389–401.
1693:
1671:
1656:
1638:
1610:
1592:
1556:
1541:
1520:
1492:
1445:
1416:10.2307/356589
1410:(4): 389–401.
1394:
1334:
1307:(2): 132–134.
1287:
1272:
1251:
1240:(2): 278–308.
1219:
1208:(2): 162–168.
1183:
1170:978-0511627101
1169:
1141:
1122:(3): 154–160.
1106:
1079:(2): 630–634.
1060:
1046:978-0547525099
1045:
1027:
1022:The New Yorker
1008:
964:
951:
928:
905:
843:
830:978-1855758605
829:
809:
797:The New Yorker
780:
752:
733:
708:
693:
643:
624:
612:owl.purdue.edu
599:
584:
561:
546:
519:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
506:
501:
495:
494:
491:Writing portal
478:
475:
458:Main article:
455:
452:
439:
436:
430:
427:
407:Main article:
404:
401:
371:Main article:
368:
365:
359:
356:
350:
347:
322:Main article:
319:
316:
291:
288:
260:
257:
247:
244:
231:
228:
215:
212:
173:
170:
136:
133:
119:Edmund Bergler
82:
79:
60:Edmund Bergler
57:
56:writer's block
41:Writer's block
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2783:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:Writing style
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2371:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2349:
2347:
2339:(2): 155–165.
2338:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1933:9780520275249
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1525:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1273:9780415885164
1269:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1012:
993:
989:
985:
978:
971:
969:
961:
955:
948:
944:
940:
937:
932:
924:
923:
917:
909:
901:
897:
892:
887:
883:
879:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
848:
832:
826:
822:
821:
813:
798:
794:
787:
785:
776:
772:
771:
767:
762:
756:
748:
744:
737:
729:
725:
724:
720:
712:
704:
697:
689:
685:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
639:
635:
628:
613:
609:
603:
595:
591:
587:
585:9780415885164
581:
577:
570:
568:
566:
557:
553:
549:
547:0-8093-1141-0
543:
539:
534:
533:
524:
520:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
492:
486:
481:
474:
470:
467:
461:
451:
447:
445:
435:
426:
424:
420:
415:
410:
400:
392:
387:
386:brainstorming
383:
379:
374:
373:Brainstorming
364:
355:
346:
344:
340:
335:
331:
325:
315:
311:
309:
305:
304:brainstorming
301:
297:
287:
283:
279:
277:
272:
268:
265:
256:
252:
243:
239:
235:
227:
224:
219:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
190:
185:
183:
182:limbic system
179:
169:
167:
163:
162:
157:
156:George Orwell
152:
150:
146:
142:
132:
130:
129:
124:
120:
117:
116:psychoanalyst
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
78:
76:
75:brainstorming
72:
68:
63:
61:
55:
52:
48:
46:
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
2539:
2423:
2417:
2386:
2382:
2355:
2336:
2332:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2255:
2251:
2217:10216/131704
2199:
2195:
2185:
2177:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2106:
2094:
2072:(4): 22–24.
2069:
2065:
2059:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2012:the original
2007:
2003:
1993:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1915:
1909:
1891:
1884:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1685:
1647:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:
1579:(1): 31–40.
1576:
1572:
1532:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1354:
1350:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1263:
1237:
1231:
1205:
1201:
1174:. Retrieved
1151:
1144:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1076:
1072:
1036:
1030:
1021:
1011:
999:. Retrieved
992:the original
962:, Chapter 2.
959:
954:
949:talk in 2009
931:
920:
908:
863:
859:
834:. Retrieved
819:
812:
800:. Retrieved
796:
775:the original
764:
755:
746:
736:
727:
722:
718:
711:
702:
696:
669:
665:
637:
627:
615:. Retrieved
611:
602:
575:
531:
523:
471:
463:
448:
441:
432:
414:Mind mapping
412:
409:Mind mapping
403:Mind mapping
390:
378:Free writing
376:
361:
352:
333:
327:
312:
300:free writing
293:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
262:
253:
249:
240:
236:
233:
220:
217:
214:Brain trauma
204:hypergraphia
188:
186:
175:
159:
153:
138:
126:
84:
71:free writing
64:
53:
49:
40:
39:
25:
2724:Short story
2515:Description
1631:28 February
1513:28 February
382:Peter Elbow
343:peer tutors
339:right-brain
193:neurologist
145:inspiration
93:, composer
36:(1862–1945)
2719:Screenplay
2673:Stylistics
2632:Plagiarism
2607:Assemblage
2600:Prewriting
2550:Techniques
2530:Literature
2520:Exposition
2426:(3): 497.
2124:0898622514
1657:0874779618
1551:1084631918
1465:: 100509.
1176:28 October
1055:1037196899
1001:4 December
836:17 October
802:28 October
721:New Yorker
515:References
296:journaling
107:Symbolists
2440:0021-8855
2311:1747-938X
2272:0022-0671
2234:254465022
2226:1573-336X
2043:0022-4103
1985:0009-4978
1950:226887120
1942:808007361
1876:1549-778X
1841:246367048
1833:1040-0419
1776:0008-4263
1727:0010-096X
1487:233567231
1479:1075-2935
1424:0010-096X
1371:1040-726X
1357:(1): 24.
1321:0019-3089
1282:703871383
1136:0885-8624
1101:143529086
1093:0003-0651
988:146850178
882:0195-6108
672:: 92–96.
594:703871383
423:hypertext
419:card file
264:Mike Rose
166:epic poem
158:'s novel
128:Moby-Dick
2765:Category
2663:Register
2641:Features
2627:Pastiche
2617:Diegesis
2458:16795475
2297:: 1–32.
2174:43741068
2133:11211866
2086:29780705
2051:40029248
1794:11702481
1666:42592844
1440:26780594
1389:36852261
1329:27564516
1246:25091203
1214:40029248
939:Archived
900:24008169
766:Sky News
747:BBC News
730:(Video).
728:BBC News
617:18 March
477:See also
208:agraphia
141:creative
2771:Writing
2622:Mimesis
2588:Methods
2449:1311997
1785:6979793
1380:9947433
891:7965145
768:UK via
688:9481467
679:2277565
556:9392424
180:to the
81:History
67:anxiety
45:writing
2714:Poetry
2569:Cliché
2535:Writer
2456:
2446:
2438:
2309:
2270:
2232:
2224:
2172:
2131:
2121:
2084:
2049:
2041:
1983:
1948:
1940:
1930:
1874:
1839:
1831:
1792:
1782:
1774:
1735:356589
1733:
1725:
1664:
1654:
1549:
1539:
1485:
1477:
1438:
1432:356589
1430:
1422:
1387:
1377:
1369:
1327:
1319:
1280:
1270:
1244:
1212:
1167:
1134:
1099:
1091:
1053:
1043:
986:
898:
888:
880:
827:
686:
676:
592:
582:
554:
544:
223:lesion
135:Causes
2709:Novel
2699:Essay
2687:Forms
2579:Trope
2574:Idiom
2230:S2CID
2170:JSTOR
2082:S2CID
2047:JSTOR
1946:S2CID
1837:S2CID
1731:JSTOR
1483:S2CID
1436:S2CID
1428:JSTOR
1325:JSTOR
1242:JSTOR
1210:JSTOR
1097:S2CID
995:(PDF)
984:S2CID
980:(PDF)
99:Adele
2704:Joke
2678:Tone
2454:PMID
2436:ISSN
2307:ISSN
2268:ISSN
2222:ISSN
2129:OCLC
2119:ISBN
2039:ISSN
1981:ISSN
1938:OCLC
1928:ISBN
1872:ISSN
1829:ISSN
1790:PMID
1772:ISSN
1723:ISSN
1662:OCLC
1652:ISBN
1633:2024
1547:OCLC
1537:ISBN
1515:2024
1475:ISSN
1420:ISSN
1385:PMID
1367:ISSN
1317:ISSN
1278:OCLC
1268:ISBN
1178:2019
1165:ISBN
1132:ISSN
1089:ISSN
1051:OCLC
1041:ISBN
1003:2014
945:, a
896:PMID
878:ISSN
838:2011
825:ISBN
804:2019
719:The
684:PMID
619:2023
590:OCLC
580:ISBN
552:OCLC
542:ISBN
302:and
89:and
73:and
2444:PMC
2428:doi
2391:doi
2299:doi
2260:doi
2212:hdl
2204:doi
2160:doi
2117:).
2115:202
2074:doi
1973:doi
1920:doi
1897:doi
1864:doi
1821:doi
1780:PMC
1762:doi
1715:doi
1581:doi
1467:doi
1412:doi
1375:PMC
1359:doi
1309:doi
1157:doi
1124:doi
1081:doi
947:TED
886:PMC
868:doi
674:PMC
2767::
2452:.
2442:.
2434:.
2422:.
2416:.
2387:42
2385:.
2381:.
2369:^
2345:^
2335:.
2331:.
2319:^
2305:.
2295:18
2293:.
2289:.
2266:.
2256:79
2254:.
2242:^
2228:.
2220:.
2210:.
2200:33
2198:.
2194:.
2176:.
2168:.
2156:19
2154:.
2150:.
2127:.
2080:.
2070:10
2068:.
2045:.
2035:26
2033:.
2029:.
2006:.
2002:.
1979:.
1969:42
1967:.
1944:.
1936:.
1926:.
1870:.
1860:15
1858:.
1835:.
1827:.
1817:34
1815:.
1811:.
1788:.
1778:.
1770:.
1758:92
1756:.
1752:.
1729:.
1721:.
1711:31
1709:.
1705:.
1674:^
1660:.
1624:.
1613:^
1595:^
1575:.
1571:.
1559:^
1545:.
1523:^
1506:.
1495:^
1481:.
1473:.
1463:48
1461:.
1457:.
1434:.
1426:.
1418:.
1408:31
1406:.
1383:.
1373:.
1365:.
1355:35
1353:.
1349:.
1337:^
1323:.
1315:.
1305:21
1303:.
1299:.
1276:.
1254:^
1238:48
1236:.
1222:^
1206:26
1204:.
1186:^
1163:.
1130:.
1120:22
1118:.
1095:.
1087:.
1077:53
1075:.
1063:^
1049:.
1020:.
982:.
967:^
919:.
894:.
884:.
876:.
864:35
862:.
858:.
846:^
795:.
783:^
763:.
745:.
726:.
682:.
670:44
668:.
664:.
646:^
636:.
610:.
588:.
564:^
550:.
540:.
425:.
391:do
310:.
298:,
131:.
101:.
2488:e
2481:t
2474:v
2460:.
2430::
2424:7
2397:.
2393::
2363:.
2337:2
2313:.
2301::
2274:.
2262::
2236:.
2214::
2206::
2162::
2135:.
2088:.
2076::
2053:.
2008:5
1987:.
1975::
1952:.
1922::
1903:.
1899::
1878:.
1866::
1843:.
1823::
1796:.
1764::
1737:.
1717::
1668:.
1635:.
1607:.
1589:.
1583::
1577:6
1553:.
1517:.
1489:.
1469::
1442:.
1414::
1391:.
1361::
1331:.
1311::
1284:.
1248:.
1216:.
1180:.
1159::
1138:.
1126::
1103:.
1083::
1057:.
1024:.
1005:.
902:.
870::
840:.
806:.
749:.
690:.
640:.
621:.
596:.
558:.
337:"
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
