241:
218:
1705:
140:
115:
247:
146:
984:
open and closed circles are medium and strongly reactive, respectively (reactivity suggests that a nucleotide is unpaired or loosely structured). Consistent and compensatory mutations (single and double point mutations that preserve pairing) are annotated in blue and purple, respectively. Base pairs that are 100% conserved in rodents are bold and black, while those conserved in rodents and mammals are in green. The data and model are taken from
1051:
chromatin-binding region was functionally mapped and evaluated by using an approach for studying noncoding RNA function in living cells called peptide nucleic acid (PNA) interference mapping. In the reported experiments, a single 19-bp antisense cell-permeating PNA targeted against a particular region of Xist RNA caused the disruption of the Xi. The association of the Xi with macro-histone H2A is also disturbed by PNA interference mapping.
980:
966:
The A region appears to encode two long stem-loop RNA structures that each include four repeats. An ortholog of the Xist RNA gene in humans has been identified in mice. This ortholog encodes a 15 kb Xist transcript that is also localized in the nucleus. However, the ortholog does not feature conserved repeats. The Xist RNA gene is located within the Xist
Inactivation Center (XIC), which plays a major role in X-inactivation.
31:
1211:
of the X chromosomes from one of the sexes are Tsix antisense gene, DNA methylation and DNA acetylation; however, the definite mechanism of X-inactivation is still poorly understood. If one of the X chromosomes is not inactivated or is partially expressed, it could lead to over expression of the X chromosome and it could be lethal in some cases.
1114:, in return resulting in inhibition of the Xist promoter and thus the expression of the Xist gene. Methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) produces an active chromatin structure, which recruits transcription factors and thus allows for transcription to occur, therefore in this case the transcription of Xist.
1042:
the in vivo data, this revised model is highly conserved in rodents and mammals (including humans) suggesting functional importance for repA structure. Although the exact function of the repA region is uncertain, it was shown that the entire region is needed for efficient binding to the Suz12 protein.
1210:
mechanisms that allow for equal expression of the X and autosomal chromosomes. Different species have different dosage compensation methods, with all of the methods involving the regulation of an X chromosome from one of the either sexes. Some methods involved in dosage compensation to inactivate one
948:
The functional role of the Xist transcript was definitively demonstrated in mouse female ES cells using a novel antisense technology, called peptide nucleic acid (PNA) interference mapping. In the reported experiments, a single 19-bp antisense cell-permeating PNA targeted against a particular region
1059:
The Xist RNA gene lies within the X-inactivation centre (XIC), which plays a major role in Xist expression and X-inactivation. The XIC is located on the q arm of the X chromosome (Xq13). XIC regulates Xist in cis X-inactivation, where Tsix, an antisense of Xist, downregulates the expression of Xist.
1168:
1 at the binding site of these factors on the Xist gene, which inhibits Xist expression A study was conducted where Nanog or Oct4 transcription factors were depleted in pluripotent cells, which resulted in the upregulation of Xist. From this study, it is proposed that Nanog and Oct4 are involved in
1134:
is an RNAi enzyme and it is believed to cleave the duplex of Xist and Tsix at the beginning of X-inactivation, to small ~30 nucleotide RNAs, which have been termed xiRNAs, These xiRNAs are believed to be involved in repressing Xist on the probable active X chromosome based upon studies. A study was
983:
Structure model of the repeat A (repA) region of Xist based on in vivo biochemical structure probing and comparative sequence analysis. Repeats 1 to 8(1/2) are numbered and boxed - they are shown in red on the cartoon of repA in the upper left hand panel. Reactive nucleotides are colored red, where
965:
The human Xist RNA gene is located on the long (q) arm of the X chromosome. The Xist RNA gene contains conserved repeats within its structure. Its gene product is largely localized in the nucleus. The Xist RNA gene features a conserved A region, which contains 8 repeats separated by U-rich spacers.
1041:
structures. A recent study using in vivo biochemical probing and comparative sequence analysis proposed a revision of the repA structure model that includes both intra-repeat and inter-repeat folding found in previous models as well as novel features (see Figure). In addition to its agreement with
1230:
and sperm do not express Xist and the X chromosome remains active. After fertilization, when the cells are in the 2 to 4 cell stage, Xist transcripts are expressed from paternal X chromosome(Xp) in every cell, causing that X chromosome to become imprinted and inactivated. Some cells develop into
1217:
is one example of where dosage compensation does not equally express the X chromosome, and in females one of the X chromosomes is missing or has abnormalities, which leads to physical abnormalities and also gonadal dysfunction in females due to the one missing or abnormal X chromosome. Turner's
1050:
The Xist RNA directly binds to the inactive X-chromosome through a chromatin binding region of the RNA transcript. The Xist chromatin binding region was first elucidated in female mouse fibroblastic cells. The primary chromatin binding region was shown to localize to the C-repeat region. The
956:
In addition to being expressed in nearly all females, XIST is expressed in narrow developmental contexts in males including human preimplantation embryos, primordial germ cells, testicular germ cell tumors, and a subset of male cancers of diverse lineages. It may be involved in the dosage
1135:
conducted where normal endogenous Dicer levels were decreased to 5%, which led to an increase in Xist expression in undifferentiated cells, thus supporting the role of xiRNAs in Xist repression. The role and mechanism of xiRNAs is still under examination and debate.
949:
of Xist RNA prevented the formation of Xi and inhibited cis-silencing of X-linked genes. The association of the Xi with macro-histone H2A is also disturbed by PNA interference mapping. The X-inactivation process occurs in mice even in the absence of this gene via
1076:
to repress the transcription of Xist, which negatively regulates its expression. The mechanism behind how Tsix modulates Xist activity in cis is poorly understood; however, there are a few theories on its mechanism. One theory is that Tsix is involved in
891:. The inactive X chromosome is coated with this transcript, which is essential for the inactivation. X chromosomes lacking Xist will not be inactivated, while duplication of the Xist gene on another chromosome causes inactivation of that chromosome.
2039:
Borsani G, Tonlorenzi R, Simmler MC, Dandolo L, Arnaud D, Capra V, Grompe M, Pizzuti A, Muzny D, Lawrence C, Willard HF, Avner P, Ballabio A (May 1991). "Characterization of a murine gene expressed from the inactive X chromosome".
1032:
The Xist RNA contains a region of conservation called the repeat A (repA) region that contains up to nine repeated elements. It was initially suggested that repA repeats could fold back on themselves to form local intra-repeat
1197:
domain. The zinc finger domain is believed to bind to the RNA molecule. The PRC2 has been observed to repress Xist expression independent of the Tsix antisense transcript, although the definite mechanism is still not known.
1247:, but the Xist is maintained in epiblast, an X is inactivated and the Xist allele is turned off in the active X chromosome. In maturing XX primordial germ cells, Xist is downregulated and X reactivation occurs once again.
2999:
Brown CJ, Ballabio A, Rupert JL, Lafreniere RG, Grompe M, Tonlorenzi R, Willard HF (January 1991). "A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome".
2146:, Ashworth A, Kay GF, McCabe VM, Norris DP, Cooper PJ, Swift S, Rastan S (1992). "The product of the mouse Xist gene is a 15 kb inactive X-specific transcript containing no conserved ORF and located in the nucleus".
3717:
Brockdorff N, Ashworth A, Kay GF, Cooper P, Smith S, McCabe VM, Norris DP, Penny GD, Patel D, Rastan S (May 1991). "Conservation of position and exclusive expression of mouse Xist from the inactive X chromosome".
2091:
Brockdorff N, Ashworth A, Kay GF, Cooper P, Smith S, McCabe VM, Norris DP, Penny GD, Patel D, Rastan S (May 1991). "Conservation of position and exclusive expression of mouse Xist from the inactive X chromosome".
3305:
Ganesan S, Silver DP, Greenberg RA, Avni D, Drapkin R, Miron A, Mok SC, Randrianarison V, Brodie S, Salstrom J, Rasmussen TP, Klimke A, Marrese C, Marahrens Y, Deng CX, Feunteun J, Livingston DM (November 2002).
3177:
Plenge RM, Hendrich BD, Schwartz C, Arena JF, Naumova A, Sapienza C, Winter RM, Willard HF (November 1997). "A promoter mutation in the XIST gene in two unrelated families with skewed X-chromosome inactivation".
3045:
Brown CJ, Lafreniere RG, Powers VE, Sebastio G, Ballabio A, Pettigrew AL, Ledbetter DH, Levy E, Craig IW, Willard HF (January 1991). "Localization of the X inactivation centre on the human X chromosome in Xq13".
2945:
Ganesan S, Silver DP, Greenberg RA, Avni D, Drapkin R, Miron A, Mok SC, Randrianarison V, Brodie S, Salstrom J, Rasmussen TP, Klimke A, Marrese C, Marahrens Y, Deng CX, Feunteun J, Livingston DM (November 2002).
1718:
Brown CJ, Ballabio A, Rupert JA, Lafreniere RG, Grompe M, Tonlorenzi R, Willard HF (Jan 1991). "A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome".
254:
153:
1163:
that seem to play a role in repressing Xist. In the absence of Tsix in pluripotent cells, Xist is repressed, where a mechanism has been proposed that these transcription factors cause splicing to occur at
2852:
Nesterova TB, Mermoud JE, Hilton K, Pehrson J, Surani MA, McLaren A, Brockdorff N (January 2002). "Xist expression and macroH2A1.2 localisation in mouse primordial and pluripotent embryonic germ cells".
3349:
Kawakami T, Okamoto K, Sugihara H, Hattori T, Reeve AE, Ogawa O, Okada Y (April 2003). "The roles of supernumerical X chromosomes and XIST expression in testicular germ cell tumors".
1189:
27 (K27), which results in chromatin repression, and thus leads to transcriptional silencing. Xist RNA recruits polycomb complexes to the inactive X chromosome at the onset of XCI.
1988:
Maenner S, Blaud M, Fouillen L, Savoye A, Marchand V, Dubois A, Sanglier-Cianférani S, Van
Dorsselaer A, Clerc P, Avner P, Visvikis A, Branlant C (January 2010). Hall K (ed.).
2801:
Mak W, Nesterova TB, de
Napoles M, Appanah R, Yamanaka S, Otte AP, Brockdorff N (January 2004). "Reactivation of the paternal X chromosome in early mouse embryos".
945:
where it coats the inactive X chromosome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but their full length sequences have not been determined.
2526:
Navarro P, Chambers I, Karwacki-Neisius V, Chureau C, Morey C, Rougeulle C, Avner P (September 2008). "Molecular coupling of Xist regulation and pluripotency".
871:
The Xist RNA, a large (17 kb in humans) transcript, is expressed on the inactive chromosome and not on the active one. It is processed in a similar way to
1548:
Duret L, Chureau C, Samain S, Weissenbach J, Avner P (June 2006). "The Xist RNA gene evolved in eutherians by pseudogenization of a protein-coding gene".
566:
2422:"Tsix transcription across the Xist gene alters chromatin conformation without affecting Xist transcription: implications for X-chromosome inactivation"
3380:"Familial cases of point mutations in the XIST promoter reveal a correlation between CTCF binding and pre-emptive choices of X chromosome inactivation"
547:
55:, DXS1089, DXS399E, LINC00001, NCRNA00001, SXI1, swd66, X inactive specific transcript (non-protein coding), X inactive specific transcript, Xist
2367:
Nesterova TB, Popova BC, Cobb BS, Norton S, Senner CE, Tang YA, Spruce T, Rodriguez TA, Sado T, Merkenschlager M, Brockdorff N (October 2008).
1373:
1501:"The human XIST gene: analysis of a 17 kb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus"
1243:
cells are then formed and they begin to be differentiated, and the Xist is upregulated from either of the two X chromosomes and at random in
3215:
Hong YK, Ontiveros SD, Strauss WM (March 2000). "A revision of the human XIST gene organization and structural comparison with mouse Xist".
1355:
929:). The process is regulated by several factors, including a region of chromosome X called the X-inactivation center (XIC). The XIST gene is
3448:
Cohen HR, Panning B (August 2007). "XIST RNA exhibits nuclear retention and exhibits reduced association with the export factor TAP/NXF1".
2774:
Chenga MK, Nguyena KD, Disteche CM (2006). "Dosage compensation of the X chromosome and Turner syndrome=International-Congress-series".
767:
760:
3378:
Pugacheva EM, Tiwari VK, Abdullaev Z, Vostrov AA, Flanagan PT, Quitschke WW, Loukinov DI, Ohlsson R, Lobanenkov VV (April 2005).
1396:
1235:(the inner cell mass) when the blastocyte forms. There, the imprint is removed, leading to the downregulation of Xist and thus
3676:"A novel role for Xist RNA in the formation of a repressive nuclear compartment into which genes are recruited when silenced"
3093:"XIST RNA paints the inactive X chromosome at interphase: evidence for a novel RNA involved in nuclear/chromosome structure"
1338:
1060:
The Xist promoter of XIC is the master regulator of X-inactivation. X-inactivation plays a key role in dosage compensation.
3880:
3136:"Identification and characterization of the human XIST gene promoter: implications for models of X chromosome inactivation"
1317:
3890:
2235:
Herzing LB, Romer JT, Horn JM, Ashworth A (March 1997). "Xist has properties of the X-chromosome inactivation centre".
3573:
Plath K, Mlynarczyk-Evans S, Nusinow DA, Panning B (2002). "Xist RNA and the mechanism of X chromosome inactivation".
3538:
Vincent-Salomon A, Ganem-Elbaz C, Manié E, Raynal V, Sastre-Garau X, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Stern MH, Heard E (June 2007).
1770:
Lee JT (2011). "Gracefully ageing at 50, X-chromosome inactivation becomes a paradigm for RNA and chromatin control".
2640:"Polycomb group proteins Ring1A/B link ubiquitylation of histone H2A to heritable gene silencing and X inactivation"
1239:
of the inactive X chromosome. Recent data suggests that Xist activity is regulated by an anti-sense transcript. The
240:
2634:
de
Napoles M, Mermoud JE, Wakao R, Tang YA, Endoh M, Appanah R, Nesterova TB, Silva J, Otte AP, Vidal M, Koseki H,
1342:
1321:
217:
3540:"X inactive-specific transcript RNA coating and genetic instability of the X chromosome in BRCA1 breast tumors"
611:
2727:"Synergism of Xist RNA, DNA methylation, and histone hypoacetylation in maintaining X chromosome inactivation"
2286:
Lee JT, Davidow LS, Warshawsky D (April 1999). "Tsix, a gene antisense to Xist at the X-inactivation centre".
2192:
Lee JT, Davidow LS, Warshawsky D (April 1999). "Tsix, a gene antisense to Xist at the X-inactivation centre".
2369:"Dicer regulates Xist promoter methylation in ES cells indirectly through transcriptional control of Dnmt3a"
887:. It has been suggested that this RNA gene evolved at least partly from a protein-coding gene that became a
592:
3861:
139:
114:
64:
3254:"An ectopic human XIST gene can induce chromosome inactivation in postdifferentiation human HT-1080 cells"
1445:
Chureau C, Prissette M, Bourdet A, Barbe V, Cattolico L, Jones L, Eggen A, Avner P, Duret L (June 2002).
1268:
1072:
antisense gene is a transcript of the Xist gene at the XIC center. The Tsix antisense transcript acts in
1226:
Xist expression and X-inactivation change throughout embryonic development. In early embryogenesis, the
2373:
253:
152:
1181:) consist of a class of polycomb group proteins that are involved in catalyzing the trimethylation of
1236:
839:
246:
145:
51:
2682:
Nguyen DK, Disteche CM (January 2006). "Dosage compensation of the active X chromosome in mammals".
1704:
72:
3602:
Brockdorff N (July 2002). "X-chromosome inactivation: closing in on proteins that bind Xist RNA".
1037:
structures. Later work using in vitro biochemical structure probing proposed several inter-repeat
3885:
1499:
Brown CJ, Hendrich BD, Rupert JL, Lafrenière RG, Xing Y, Lawrence J, Willard HF (October 1992).
1447:"Comparative sequence analysis of the X-inactivation center region in mouse, human, and bovine"
1152:
1073:
2332:
Senner CE, Brockdorff N (April 2009). "Xist gene regulation at the onset of X inactivation".
1256:
1148:
918:
884:
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3009:
2810:
2590:
2535:
2482:
2244:
2101:
2049:
1888:
1829:
1728:
1669:
1557:
1214:
1082:
934:
128:
1877:"Evidence of Xist RNA-independent initiation of mouse imprinted X-chromosome inactivation"
1423:
84:
8:
3487:"Inducible XIST-dependent X-chromosome inactivation in human somatic cells is reversible"
1934:"Somatic XIST activation and features of X chromosome inactivation in male human cancers"
1289:
1207:
926:
3822:
3769:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
3731:
3502:
3269:
3059:
3013:
2902:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
2896:
Ganesan S, Silver DP, Drapkin R, Greenberg R, Feunteun J, Livingston DM (January 2004).
2814:
2594:
2539:
2486:
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2105:
2053:
1892:
1833:
1732:
1673:
1561:
1410:
Chow JC, Yen Z, Ziesche SM, Brown CJ (2005). "Silencing of the mammalian X chromosome".
1086:
3789:
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2707:
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2503:
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2016:
1989:
1909:
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88:
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3122:
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3025:
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2927:
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2826:
2756:
2699:
2661:
2616:
2551:
2508:
2451:
2402:
2349:
2303:
2260:
2209:
2163:
2159:
2117:
2065:
2021:
1963:
1955:
1914:
1857:
1852:
1817:
1787:
1744:
1685:
1635:
1573:
1522:
1517:
1500:
1476:
1427:
1019:
44:
3666:
3244:
3207:
2882:
2838:
2563:
2315:
2221:
2175:
1990:"2-D structure of the A region of Xist RNA and its implication for PRC2 association"
1818:"PNA interference mapping demonstrates functional domains in the noncoding RNA Xist"
1799:
1585:
1534:
3830:
3826:
3784:
3776:
3755:
3735:
3695:
3687:
3644:
3611:
3582:
3551:
3516:
3506:
3477:
3457:
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3358:
3319:
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3155:
3147:
3112:
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3017:
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2783:
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2711:
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2651:
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2598:
2543:
2498:
2490:
2441:
2433:
2392:
2382:
2341:
2295:
2272:
2252:
2201:
2155:
2129:
2109:
2077:
2057:
2011:
2001:
1945:
1904:
1896:
1847:
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1779:
1756:
1736:
1697:
1677:
1625:
1615:
1565:
1512:
1466:
1458:
1419:
1130:
pathway have been also proposed to play a role in regulation of the Xist
Promoter.
1009:
999:
899:
333:
264:
208:
163:
3556:
3539:
3341:
2981:
76:
3865:
2656:
2639:
2635:
2143:
2006:
1657:
1107:
1004:
930:
895:
880:
308:
92:
3853:
3765:"Advances in understanding chromosome silencing by the long non-coding RNA Xist"
1378:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1360:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
921:
process in mammalian females that transcriptionally silences one of the pair of
3491:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3258:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1950:
1933:
1822:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1284:
914:
835:
823:
409:
3485:
Chow JC, Hall LL, Baldry SE, Thorogood NP, Lawrence JB, Brown CJ (June 2007).
3461:
2787:
2345:
2187:
2185:
898:
through a cDNA library screening and then characterized in collaboration with
3874:
3151:
1959:
1932:
Sadagopan A, Nasim IT, Li J, Achom M, Zhang CZ, Viswanathan SR (2022-11-16).
1620:
1111:
3511:
3431:
3414:
2822:
2602:
2579:"Polycomb proteins targeted by a short repeat RNA to the mouse X chromosome"
2547:
2494:
1569:
469:
347:
3838:
3798:
3780:
3709:
3623:
3594:
3565:
3530:
3469:
3440:
3405:
3370:
3333:
3297:
3278:
3236:
2973:
2931:
2913:
2874:
2830:
2760:
2703:
2665:
2620:
2555:
2512:
2455:
2406:
2353:
2307:
2213:
2182:
2025:
1967:
1918:
1861:
1842:
1791:
1639:
1577:
1480:
1431:
1023:
942:
922:
876:
827:
326:
105:
3747:
3658:
3252:
Hall LL, Byron M, Sakai K, Carrel L, Willard HF, Lawrence JB (June 2002).
3228:
3199:
3169:
3126:
3108:
3075:
3029:
2742:
2387:
2264:
2167:
2121:
2069:
1875:
Kalantry S, Purushothaman S, Bowen RB, Starmer J, Magnuson T (July 2009).
1748:
1689:
1526:
807:
802:
3413:
Vasques LR, Stabellini R, Xue F, Tian XC, Soukoyan M, Pereira LV (2007).
3396:
3379:
1294:
1232:
1194:
950:
933:
exclusively from the XIC of the inactive X chromosome. The transcript is
1900:
3809:(May 2013). "Long noncoding RNAs may alter chromosome's 3D structure".
3691:
3191:
2437:
1182:
888:
852:
846:
225:
122:
2525:
2327:
2325:
1462:
3739:
3537:
3067:
3021:
2256:
2113:
2061:
1740:
1681:
1078:
1038:
1034:
957:
compensation of supernumerary X chromosomes in the latter two cases.
844:– X-chromosome inactivation centre – along with two other RNA genes (
511:
292:
279:
191:
178:
80:
3308:"BRCA1 supports XIST RNA concentration on the inactive X chromosome"
2948:"BRCA1 supports XIST RNA concentration on the inactive X chromosome"
1783:
641:
637:
3572:
2695:
2322:
1816:
Beletskii A, Hong YK, Pehrson J, Egholm M, Strauss WM (July 2001).
1240:
986:
Fang R, Moss WN, Rutenberg-Schoenberg M, Simon MD (December 2015).
925:, thus providing dosage equivalence between males and females (see
831:
791:
2898:"Association of BRCA1 with the inactive X chromosome and XIST RNA"
2471:"Intersection of the RNA interference and X-inactivation pathways"
2420:
Navarro P, Pichard S, Ciaudo C, Avner P, Rougeulle C (June 2005).
988:"Probing Xist RNA Structure in Cells Using Targeted Structure-Seq"
979:
3633:"X chromosome inactivation is mediated by Xist RNA stabilization"
2299:
2205:
1874:
1644:
Figure 1 Xist RNA encompasses the X from which it is transcribed.
985:
938:
623:
578:
30:
3858:
3091:
Clemson CM, McNeil JA, Willard HF, Lawrence JB (February 1996).
68:
3377:
2038:
1227:
1186:
1165:
775:
533:
3348:
3044:
2998:
2895:
2851:
2800:
1717:
1660:(1996). "Requirement for Xist in X chromosome inactivation".
1547:
1498:
1272:
1190:
1131:
1123:
872:
3090:
1444:
3716:
3176:
2142:
2090:
1178:
1160:
1156:
1143:
1127:
1069:
857:
3673:
3304:
2944:
2633:
2577:
Zhao J, Sun BK, Erwin JA, Song JJ, Lee JT (October 2008).
1987:
1815:
2419:
2366:
3674:
Chaumeil J, Le Baccon P, Wutz A, Heard E (August 2006).
3412:
2234:
1218:
syndrome is also referred to as a monosomy X condition.
316:
3484:
2724:
1655:
3630:
3133:
2773:
1931:
481:
3415:"XIST repression in the absence of DNMT1 and DNMT3B"
3251:
3214:
2285:
2191:
1397:"Entrez Gene: XIST X (inactive)-specific transcript"
953:, but Xist is required to stabilize this silencing.
3631:Panning B, Dausman J, Jaenisch R (September 1997).
1598:
1409:
1081:modification at the Xist locus and another is that
1599:Ng K, Pullirsch D, Leeb M, Wutz A (January 2007).
1334:
1332:
1330:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1092:
2855:Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity
1811:
1809:
263:
162:
3872:
3134:Hendrich BD, Plenge RM, Willard HF (July 1997).
2576:
2331:
2084:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1327:
1306:
1102:The Tsix antisense is believed to activate DNA
3762:
2725:Csankovszki G, Nagy A, Jaenisch R (May 2001).
2681:
1806:
1339:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000086503
1255:Mutations in the XIST promoter cause familial
1172:
1138:
1054:
2677:
2675:
2334:Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
1868:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1391:
1389:
1387:
3447:
2938:
2889:
2032:
1974:
1412:Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
1063:
2468:
1318:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000229807
3601:
2672:
1711:
1656:Penny GD, Kay GF, Sheardown SA, Rastan S,
1487:
1384:
1193:is a component of the PRC2 and contains a
969:
3788:
3699:
3648:
3555:
3520:
3510:
3430:
3395:
3323:
3287:
3277:
3159:
3116:
2963:
2921:
2750:
2655:
2610:
2502:
2445:
2396:
2386:
2015:
2005:
1949:
1908:
1851:
1841:
1629:
1619:
1516:
1470:
1013:
1003:
1763:
1144:Pluripotent cell transcriptional factors
978:
3805:
1221:
3873:
3587:10.1146/annurev.genet.36.042902.092433
1201:
894:The human Xist gene was discovered by
822:(X-inactive specific transcript) is a
3763:Sado T, Brockdorff N (January 2013).
2469:Ogawa Y, Sun BK, Lee JT (June 2008).
1772:Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
1424:10.1146/annurev.genom.6.080604.162350
834:that acts as a major effector of the
268:
229:
224:
167:
126:
121:
1541:
1769:
1206:X-inactivation plays a key role in
1169:the repression of Xist expression.
13:
2991:
1250:
838:process. It is a component of the
14:
3902:
3847:
3363:10.1097/01.ju.0000044927.23323.5a
2867:10.1046/j.1432-0436.2002.690415.x
1601:"Xist and the order of silencing"
1117:
937:but apparently does not encode a
1703:
1089:play a role in Xist repression.
960:
941:. The transcript remains in the
252:
245:
239:
216:
151:
144:
138:
113:
29:
2845:
2794:
2767:
2718:
2627:
2570:
2519:
2462:
2413:
2360:
2279:
2228:
2136:
1925:
1649:
1592:
1262:
1177:Polycomb repressive complex 2 (
1093:Regulation of the Xist promoter
386:epithelium of lactiferous gland
3831:10.1126/science.340.6135.910-a
1438:
1403:
1366:
1348:
1151:express transcription factors
1097:
470:More reference expression data
1:
3650:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80355-4
3616:10.1016/S0168-9525(02)02717-8
3557:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-0465
3325:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01052-8
2965:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01052-8
2776:International Congress Series
1300:
237:
136:
2657:10.1016/j.devcel.2004.10.005
2160:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90519-I
2007:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000276
1518:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90520-M
1005:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005668
7:
3881:Genes on human chromosome X
3097:The Journal of Cell Biology
2731:The Journal of Cell Biology
2374:Epigenetics & Chromatin
1278:
1173:Polycomb repressive complex
1139:Tsix independent mechanisms
1055:X-inactivation centre (XIC)
1045:
974:
909:
10:
3907:
1951:10.1016/j.cels.2022.10.002
452:sexually immature organism
3891:Sex-determination systems
3575:Annual Review of Genetics
3462:10.1007/s00412-007-0100-1
2788:10.1016/j.ics.2006.06.012
2346:10.1016/j.gde.2009.03.003
1374:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1356:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1064:Tsix antisense transcript
806:
801:
797:
790:
774:
755:
742:
738:
723:
719:
712:
699:
695:
680:
676:
669:
658:
654:
635:
631:
622:
609:
605:
590:
586:
577:
564:
560:
545:
541:
532:
517:
510:
506:
494:
489:
480:
467:
416:
407:
354:
345:
315:
307:
303:
286:
273:
236:
215:
206:
202:
185:
172:
135:
112:
103:
99:
62:
59:
49:
42:
37:
28:
23:
3384:Human Molecular Genetics
1621:10.1038/sj.embor.7400871
768:Chr X: 102.5 – 102.53 Mb
3680:Genes & Development
3512:10.1073/pnas.0610946104
2823:10.1126/science.1092674
2603:10.1126/science.1163045
2548:10.1126/science.1160952
2495:10.1126/science.1157676
2426:Genes & Development
1570:10.1126/science.1126316
1267:XIST has been shown to
970:Transcript organization
761:Chr X: 73.82 – 73.85 Mb
3781:10.1098/rstb.2011.0325
3351:The Journal of Urology
3279:10.1073/pnas.132468999
3152:10.1093/nar/25.13.2661
3140:Nucleic Acids Research
2914:10.1098/rstb.2003.1371
1843:10.1073/pnas.161173098
1149:Pluripotent stem cells
1029:
883:. However, it remains
432:neural layer of retina
3432:10.1093/dnares/dsi013
3229:10.1007/s003350010040
3109:10.1083/jcb.132.3.259
2743:10.1083/jcb.153.4.773
2388:10.1186/1756-8935-1-2
1257:skewed X-inactivation
1083:transcription factors
982:
951:epigenetic regulation
826:transcribed from the
1222:X-inactivation cycle
231:X chromosome (mouse)
129:X chromosome (human)
3859:lncRNAdb Xist entry
3823:2013Sci...340Q.910P
3732:1991Natur.351..329B
3503:2007PNAS..10410104C
3270:2002PNAS...99.8677H
3060:1991Natur.349...82B
3014:1991Natur.349...38B
2815:2004Sci...303..666M
2595:2008Sci...322..750Z
2540:2008Sci...321.1693N
2487:2008Sci...320.1336O
2249:1997Natur.386..272H
2106:1991Natur.351..329B
2054:1991Natur.351..325B
1901:10.1038/nature08161
1893:2009Natur.460..647K
1834:2001PNAS...98.9215B
1733:1991Natur.349...38B
1674:1996Natur.379..131P
1562:2006Sci...312.1653D
1556:(5780): 1653–1655.
1290:Dosage compensation
1208:dosage compensation
1202:Dosage compensation
1104:methyl transferases
927:dosage compensation
378:germinal epithelium
270:X D|X 46.15 cM
3864:2015-12-22 at the
3775:(1609): 20110325.
3692:10.1101/gad.380906
3604:Trends in Genetics
3397:10.1093/hmg/ddi089
3192:10.1038/ng1197-353
2644:Developmental Cell
2438:10.1101/gad.341105
1944:(11): 932–944.e5.
1030:
612:ENSMUSG00000086503
456:intercostal muscle
420:epithelium of lens
370:right uterine tube
2481:(5881): 1336–41.
1463:10.1101/gr.152902
1233:pluripotent cells
1215:Turner's Syndrome
1087:pluripotent cells
832:placental mammals
817:
816:
813:
812:
786:
785:
751:
750:
732:
731:
708:
707:
689:
688:
665:
664:
648:
647:
618:
617:
599:
598:
573:
572:
554:
553:
502:
501:
498:
497:
476:
475:
463:
462:
401:
400:
299:
298:
198:
197:
3898:
3842:
3802:
3792:
3759:
3740:10.1038/351329a0
3726:(6324): 329–31.
3713:
3703:
3670:
3652:
3627:
3598:
3569:
3559:
3534:
3524:
3514:
3481:
3444:
3434:
3409:
3399:
3374:
3345:
3327:
3301:
3291:
3281:
3248:
3217:Mammalian Genome
3211:
3173:
3163:
3130:
3120:
3087:
3068:10.1038/349082a0
3041:
3022:10.1038/349038a0
2986:
2985:
2967:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2659:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2534:(5896): 1693–5.
2523:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2257:10.1038/386272a0
2232:
2226:
2225:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2114:10.1038/351329a0
2100:(6324): 329–31.
2088:
2082:
2081:
2062:10.1038/351325a0
2036:
2030:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1953:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1887:(7255): 647–51.
1872:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1741:10.1038/349038a0
1715:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1682:10.1038/379131a0
1653:
1647:
1646:
1633:
1623:
1605:
1604:(Review Article)
1596:
1590:
1589:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1520:
1496:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1382:
1381:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1346:
1336:
1325:
1315:
1027:
1017:
1007:
998:(12): e1005668.
900:Carolyn J. Brown
799:
798:
770:
763:
746:
736:
735:
727:
717:
716:
713:RefSeq (protein)
703:
693:
692:
684:
674:
673:
652:
651:
629:
628:
603:
602:
584:
583:
558:
557:
539:
538:
508:
507:
487:
486:
472:
412:
410:Top expressed in
405:
404:
390:lactiferous duct
350:
348:Top expressed in
343:
342:
322:
321:
305:
304:
295:
282:
271:
256:
249:
243:
232:
220:
204:
203:
194:
181:
170:
155:
148:
142:
131:
117:
101:
100:
95:
93:XIST - orthologs
54:
47:
33:
21:
20:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3871:
3870:
3866:Wayback Machine
3854:NCBI Xist entry
3850:
3845:
3686:(16): 2223–37.
3550:(11): 5134–40.
3544:Cancer Research
3497:(24): 10104–9.
3264:(13): 8677–82.
3180:Nature Genetics
3146:(13): 2661–71.
3008:(6304): 38–44.
2994:
2992:Further reading
2989:
2943:
2939:
2908:(1441): 123–8.
2894:
2890:
2861:(4–5): 216–25.
2850:
2846:
2809:(5658): 666–9.
2799:
2795:
2772:
2768:
2723:
2719:
2684:Nature Genetics
2680:
2673:
2632:
2628:
2589:(5902): 750–6.
2575:
2571:
2524:
2520:
2467:
2463:
2432:(12): 1474–84.
2418:
2414:
2365:
2361:
2330:
2323:
2288:Nature Genetics
2284:
2280:
2243:(6622): 272–5.
2233:
2229:
2194:Nature Genetics
2190:
2183:
2141:
2137:
2089:
2085:
2048:(6324): 325–9.
2037:
2033:
2000:(1): e1000276.
1986:
1975:
1930:
1926:
1873:
1869:
1828:(16): 9215–20.
1814:
1807:
1784:10.1038/nrm3231
1768:
1764:
1727:(6304): 38–44.
1716:
1712:
1702:
1668:(6561): 131–7.
1654:
1650:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1546:
1542:
1497:
1488:
1451:Genome Research
1443:
1439:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1385:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1337:
1328:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1281:
1265:
1253:
1251:Disease linkage
1224:
1204:
1175:
1146:
1141:
1120:
1100:
1095:
1066:
1057:
1048:
977:
972:
963:
912:
896:Andrea Ballabio
881:polyadenylation
808:View/Edit Mouse
803:View/Edit Human
766:
759:
756:Location (UCSC)
744:
725:
701:
682:
640:
593:ENSG00000229807
468:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
424:renal corpuscle
422:
408:
397:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
366:mucosa of ileum
364:
360:
346:
290:
277:
269:
259:
258:
257:
250:
230:
207:Gene location (
189:
176:
168:
158:
157:
156:
149:
127:
104:Gene location (
63:
50:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3904:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3886:Non-coding RNA
3883:
3869:
3868:
3856:
3849:
3848:External links
3846:
3844:
3843:
3803:
3760:
3714:
3671:
3628:
3599:
3570:
3535:
3482:
3445:
3410:
3375:
3357:(4): 1546–52.
3346:
3318:(3): 393–405.
3302:
3249:
3212:
3174:
3131:
3088:
3054:(6304): 82–4.
3042:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2958:(3): 393–405.
2937:
2888:
2844:
2793:
2766:
2717:
2696:10.1038/ng1705
2671:
2626:
2569:
2518:
2461:
2412:
2359:
2321:
2278:
2227:
2181:
2135:
2083:
2031:
1973:
1924:
1867:
1805:
1778:(12): 815–26.
1762:
1710:
1648:
1591:
1540:
1486:
1457:(6): 894–908.
1437:
1402:
1383:
1365:
1347:
1326:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:X-inactivation
1280:
1277:
1264:
1261:
1252:
1249:
1223:
1220:
1203:
1200:
1174:
1171:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1119:
1118:dsRNA and RNAi
1116:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1044:
976:
973:
971:
968:
962:
959:
915:X-inactivation
911:
908:
836:X-inactivation
824:non-coding RNA
815:
814:
811:
810:
805:
795:
794:
788:
787:
784:
783:
781:
779:
772:
771:
764:
757:
753:
752:
749:
748:
740:
739:
733:
730:
729:
721:
720:
714:
710:
709:
706:
705:
697:
696:
690:
687:
686:
678:
677:
671:
667:
666:
663:
662:
656:
655:
649:
646:
645:
633:
632:
626:
620:
619:
616:
615:
607:
606:
600:
597:
596:
588:
587:
581:
575:
574:
571:
570:
562:
561:
555:
552:
551:
543:
542:
536:
530:
529:
524:
519:
515:
514:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
484:
478:
477:
474:
473:
465:
464:
461:
460:
458:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:
413:
402:
399:
398:
396:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:
351:
339:
338:
330:
319:
313:
312:
309:RNA expression
301:
300:
297:
296:
288:
284:
283:
275:
272:
267:
261:
260:
251:
244:
238:
234:
233:
228:
222:
221:
213:
212:
200:
199:
196:
195:
187:
183:
182:
174:
171:
166:
160:
159:
150:
143:
137:
133:
132:
125:
119:
118:
110:
109:
97:
96:
61:
57:
56:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
16:Non-coding RNA
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3903:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3817:(6135): 910.
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3643:(5): 907–16.
3642:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3456:(4): 373–83.
3455:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3390:(7): 953–65.
3389:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3103:(3): 259–75.
3102:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2737:(4): 773–84.
2736:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2676:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2650:(5): 663–76.
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2326:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2154:(3): 515–26.
2153:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1511:(3): 527–42.
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
992:PLOS Genetics
989:
981:
967:
961:Gene location
958:
954:
952:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
923:X chromosomes
920:
919:developmental
916:
907:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
859:
858:protein genes
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
809:
804:
800:
796:
793:
789:
782:
780:
777:
773:
769:
765:
762:
758:
754:
747:
741:
737:
734:
728:
722:
718:
715:
711:
704:
698:
694:
691:
685:
679:
675:
672:
670:RefSeq (mRNA)
668:
661:
657:
653:
650:
644:
643:
639:
634:
630:
627:
625:
621:
614:
613:
608:
604:
601:
595:
594:
589:
585:
582:
580:
576:
569:
568:
563:
559:
556:
550:
549:
544:
540:
537:
535:
531:
528:
525:
523:
520:
516:
513:
509:
505:
493:
488:
485:
483:
479:
471:
466:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
415:
411:
406:
403:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
353:
349:
344:
341:
340:
337:
335:
331:
329:
328:
324:
323:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
289:
285:
281:
276:
266:
262:
255:
248:
242:
235:
227:
223:
219:
214:
210:
205:
201:
193:
188:
184:
180:
175:
165:
161:
154:
147:
141:
134:
130:
124:
120:
116:
111:
107:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
53:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3814:
3810:
3772:
3768:
3723:
3719:
3683:
3679:
3640:
3636:
3610:(7): 352–8.
3607:
3603:
3578:
3574:
3547:
3543:
3494:
3490:
3453:
3449:
3425:(5): 373–8.
3422:
3419:DNA Research
3418:
3387:
3383:
3354:
3350:
3315:
3311:
3261:
3257:
3223:(3): 220–4.
3220:
3216:
3186:(3): 353–6.
3183:
3179:
3143:
3139:
3100:
3096:
3051:
3047:
3005:
3001:
2955:
2951:
2940:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2690:(1): 47–53.
2687:
2683:
2647:
2643:
2636:Brockdorff N
2629:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2378:
2372:
2362:
2340:(2): 122–6.
2337:
2333:
2300:10.1038/7734
2294:(4): 400–4.
2291:
2287:
2281:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2206:10.1038/7734
2200:(4): 400–4.
2197:
2193:
2151:
2147:
2144:Brockdorff N
2138:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2045:
2041:
2034:
1997:
1994:PLOS Biology
1993:
1941:
1938:Cell Systems
1937:
1927:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1825:
1821:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1665:
1661:
1658:Brockdorff N
1651:
1643:
1614:(1): 34–39.
1611:
1608:EMBO Reports
1607:
1594:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1508:
1504:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1266:
1263:Interactions
1254:
1244:
1237:reactivation
1225:
1213:
1205:
1176:
1147:
1121:
1101:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1031:
995:
991:
964:
955:
947:
917:is an early
913:
904:Hunt Willard
893:
885:untranslated
870:
865:
861:
851:
845:
840:
828:X chromosome
819:
818:
743:
724:
700:
681:
659:
636:
610:
591:
565:
546:
526:
521:
332:
325:
291:102,526,860
278:102,503,972
60:External IDs
18:
1195:zinc finger
1098:Methylation
382:pericardium
362:skin of hip
190:73,852,723
177:73,820,649
38:Identifiers
3875:Categories
3581:: 233–78.
3450:Chromosoma
1345:, May 2017
1324:, May 2017
1301:References
1183:histone H3
889:pseudogene
875:, through
856:) and two
394:left ovary
336:(ortholog)
3807:Pennisi E
1960:2405-4712
1418:: 69–92.
1110:the Xist
1108:methylate
1079:chromatin
1039:stem-loop
1035:stem-loop
931:expressed
512:Orthologs
81:GeneCards
3862:Archived
3839:23704542
3799:23166390
3710:16912274
3667:17987743
3624:12127775
3595:12429693
3566:17545591
3531:17537922
3470:17333237
3441:16769694
3406:15731119
3371:12629412
3334:12419249
3298:12072569
3245:21921352
3237:10723727
3208:23338176
2974:12419249
2932:15065664
2883:32840485
2875:11841480
2839:37749083
2831:14752160
2761:11352938
2704:16341221
2666:15525528
2638:(2004).
2621:18974356
2564:42703823
2556:18802003
2513:18535243
2456:15964997
2407:19014663
2381:(1): 2.
2354:19345091
2316:30636065
2308:10192391
2222:30636065
2214:10192391
2176:19889657
2026:20052282
1968:36356577
1919:19571810
1862:11481485
1800:21881827
1792:22108600
1640:17203100
1586:28145201
1578:16778056
1535:13141516
1481:12045143
1432:16124854
1341:–
1320:–
1279:See also
1269:interact
1241:epiblast
1112:promoter
1046:C region
1024:26646615
975:A region
910:Function
877:splicing
792:Wikidata
448:gastrula
3819:Bibcode
3811:Science
3790:3539355
3756:4342551
3748:2034279
3728:Bibcode
3701:1553206
3659:9298902
3522:1891207
3499:Bibcode
3478:7947134
3266:Bibcode
3200:9354806
3170:9185579
3127:8636206
3118:2120729
3084:4360783
3076:1985270
3056:Bibcode
3038:4332325
3030:1985261
3010:Bibcode
2923:1693294
2811:Bibcode
2803:Science
2782:: 3–8.
2752:2192370
2712:2898893
2612:2748911
2591:Bibcode
2583:Science
2536:Bibcode
2528:Science
2504:2584363
2483:Bibcode
2475:Science
2447:1151664
2273:4371247
2265:9069284
2245:Bibcode
2168:1423610
2130:4342551
2122:2034279
2102:Bibcode
2078:4239301
2070:2034278
2050:Bibcode
2017:2796953
1910:2754729
1889:Bibcode
1830:Bibcode
1757:4332325
1749:1985261
1729:Bibcode
1698:4329368
1690:8538762
1670:Bibcode
1631:1796754
1558:Bibcode
1550:Science
1527:1423611
1472:1383731
1343:Ensembl
1322:Ensembl
1015:4672913
943:nucleus
939:protein
935:spliced
830:of the
624:UniProt
579:Ensembl
518:Species
444:condyle
440:utricle
311:pattern
45:Aliases
3837:
3797:
3787:
3754:
3746:
3720:Nature
3708:
3698:
3665:
3657:
3622:
3593:
3564:
3529:
3519:
3476:
3468:
3439:
3404:
3369:
3342:372211
3340:
3332:
3296:
3289:124357
3286:
3243:
3235:
3206:
3198:
3168:
3161:146792
3158:
3125:
3115:
3082:
3074:
3048:Nature
3036:
3028:
3002:Nature
2982:372211
2980:
2972:
2930:
2920:
2881:
2873:
2837:
2829:
2759:
2749:
2710:
2702:
2664:
2619:
2609:
2562:
2554:
2511:
2501:
2454:
2444:
2405:
2398:257704
2395:
2352:
2314:
2306:
2271:
2263:
2237:Nature
2220:
2212:
2174:
2166:
2128:
2120:
2094:Nature
2076:
2068:
2042:Nature
2024:
2014:
1966:
1958:
1917:
1907:
1881:Nature
1860:
1850:
1798:
1790:
1755:
1747:
1721:Nature
1696:
1688:
1662:Nature
1638:
1628:
1584:
1576:
1533:
1525:
1479:
1469:
1430:
1228:oocyte
1187:lysine
1166:intron
1022:
1012:
778:search
776:PubMed
567:213742
534:Entrez
482:BioGPS
428:dermis
169:Xq13.2
69:314670
3752:S2CID
3663:S2CID
3474:S2CID
3338:S2CID
3241:S2CID
3204:S2CID
3080:S2CID
3034:S2CID
2978:S2CID
2879:S2CID
2835:S2CID
2708:S2CID
2560:S2CID
2312:S2CID
2269:S2CID
2218:S2CID
2172:S2CID
2126:S2CID
2074:S2CID
1853:55400
1796:S2CID
1753:S2CID
1694:S2CID
1582:S2CID
1531:S2CID
1273:BRCA1
1271:with
1191:SUZ12
1153:Nanog
1132:Dicer
1124:dsRNA
1106:that
873:mRNAs
866:Cnbp2
527:Mouse
522:Human
436:fossa
374:vulva
358:tibia
334:Mouse
327:Human
274:Start
209:Mouse
173:Start
106:Human
77:98974
3835:PMID
3795:PMID
3744:PMID
3706:PMID
3655:PMID
3637:Cell
3620:PMID
3591:PMID
3562:PMID
3527:PMID
3466:PMID
3437:PMID
3402:PMID
3367:PMID
3330:PMID
3312:Cell
3294:PMID
3233:PMID
3196:PMID
3166:PMID
3123:PMID
3072:PMID
3026:PMID
2970:PMID
2952:Cell
2928:PMID
2871:PMID
2827:PMID
2780:1298
2757:PMID
2700:PMID
2662:PMID
2617:PMID
2552:PMID
2509:PMID
2452:PMID
2403:PMID
2350:PMID
2304:PMID
2261:PMID
2210:PMID
2164:PMID
2148:Cell
2118:PMID
2066:PMID
2022:PMID
1964:PMID
1956:ISSN
1915:PMID
1858:PMID
1788:PMID
1745:PMID
1686:PMID
1636:PMID
1574:PMID
1523:PMID
1505:Cell
1477:PMID
1428:PMID
1295:Tsix
1179:PRC2
1161:Sox2
1159:and
1157:Oct4
1128:RNAi
1126:and
1070:Tsix
1068:The
1020:PMID
902:and
879:and
864:and
850:and
820:Xist
548:7503
317:Bgee
265:Band
226:Chr.
164:Band
123:Chr.
85:XIST
65:OMIM
52:XIST
24:XIST
3827:doi
3815:340
3785:PMC
3777:doi
3773:368
3736:doi
3724:351
3696:PMC
3688:doi
3645:doi
3612:doi
3583:doi
3552:doi
3517:PMC
3507:doi
3495:104
3458:doi
3454:116
3427:doi
3392:doi
3359:doi
3355:169
3320:doi
3316:111
3284:PMC
3274:doi
3225:doi
3188:doi
3156:PMC
3148:doi
3113:PMC
3105:doi
3101:132
3064:doi
3052:349
3018:doi
3006:349
2960:doi
2956:111
2918:PMC
2910:doi
2906:359
2863:doi
2819:doi
2807:303
2784:doi
2747:PMC
2739:doi
2735:153
2692:doi
2652:doi
2607:PMC
2599:doi
2587:322
2544:doi
2532:321
2499:PMC
2491:doi
2479:320
2442:PMC
2434:doi
2393:PMC
2383:doi
2342:doi
2296:doi
2253:doi
2241:386
2202:doi
2156:doi
2110:doi
2098:351
2058:doi
2046:351
2012:PMC
2002:doi
1946:doi
1905:PMC
1897:doi
1885:460
1848:PMC
1838:doi
1780:doi
1737:doi
1725:349
1678:doi
1666:379
1626:PMC
1616:doi
1566:doi
1554:312
1513:doi
1467:PMC
1459:doi
1420:doi
1245:ICM
1185:on
1085:of
1074:cis
1010:PMC
1000:doi
868:).
862:Tsx
853:Ftx
847:Jpx
841:Xic
745:n/a
726:n/a
702:n/a
683:n/a
660:n/a
490:n/a
287:End
186:End
89:OMA
73:MGI
3877::
3833:.
3825:.
3813:.
3793:.
3783:.
3771:.
3767:.
3750:.
3742:.
3734:.
3722:.
3704:.
3694:.
3684:20
3682:.
3678:.
3661:.
3653:.
3641:90
3639:.
3635:.
3618:.
3608:18
3606:.
3589:.
3579:36
3577:.
3560:.
3548:67
3546:.
3542:.
3525:.
3515:.
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