1113:, the federal agency representing the rights and interests of indigenous populations, the Yanomami have received little protection from the government against these intrusive forces. In some cases the government can be cited as supporting the infiltration of mining companies into Yanomami lands. In 1978, the militarized government, under pressure from anthropologists and the international community, enacted a plan that demarcated land for the Yanomami. These reserves, however, were small "island" tracts of land lacking consideration for Yanomami lifestyle, trading networks, and trails, with boundaries that were determined solely by the concentration of mineral deposits. In 1990, more than 40,000
1138:. Although Yanomami religious tradition prohibits the keeping of any bodily matter after the death of that person, the donors were not warned that blood samples would be kept indefinitely for experimentation. Several prominent Yanomami delegations have sent letters to the scientists who are studying them, demanding the return of their blood samples. As of June 2010 these samples were in the process of being removed from storage for shipping to the Amazon, pending the decision as to whom to deliver them to and how to prevent any potential health risks in doing so. In 2015 the blood samples were returned and buried by the Yanomami.
523:
354:, the 1970s saw the implementation of development projects within the framework of the "National Integration Plan" launched by the Brazilian military governments of the time. This meant the opening of a stretch of perimeter road (1973–76) and various colonization programs on land traditionally occupied by the Yanomami. During the same period, the Amazonian resources survey project RADAM (1975) detected important mineral deposits in the region. This triggered a progressive movement of gold prospectors, which after 1987 took the form of a real
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447:(headman) acts as the leader of each village, but no single leader presides over the whole of those classified as Yanomami. Headmen gain political power by demonstrating skill in settling disputes both within the village and with neighboring communities. A consensus of mature males is usually required for action that involves the community, but individuals are not required to take part. Local descent groups also play important roles in regulating marriages and settling disputes within villages.
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leaders, established
Yanomami schools that teach Portuguese, aiming to aid the Yanomami in their navigation of Brazilian politics and international arenas in their struggle to defend land rights. Additionally, these village schools teach Yanomami about Brazilian society, including money use, good production, and record-keeping.
515:, gather fruit, and hunt animals and fish. Crops compose up to 75% of the calories in the Yanomami diet. Protein is supplied by wild resources obtained through gathering, hunting, and fishing. When the soil becomes exhausted, Yanomami frequently move to avoid areas that have become overused, a practice known as
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In July 2012 the government of
Venezuela investigated another alleged massacre. According to Yanomami organizations, a village of eighty people was attacked by a helicopter and the only known survivors of the village were three men who happened to be out hunting while the attack occurred. However, in
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searching for gold in their territory. Malaria, which was first introduced to
Yanomami populations by gold miners during the 1980s, is now frequent in Yanomami populations. Without the protection of the government, Yanomami populations declined when miners were allowed to enter the Yanomami territory
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They killed so many. I was weeping for fear and for pity but there was nothing I could do. They snatched the children from their mothers to kill them, while the others held the mothers tightly by the arms and wrists as they stood up in a line. All the women wept... The men began to kill the children;
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I would like my book to help revise the exaggerated representation that has been given of
Yanomami violence. The Yanomami are warriors; they can be brutal and cruel, but they can also be delicate, sensitive, and loving. Violence is only sporadic; it never dominates social life for any length of time,
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is not seen as an important time period for male
Yanomami children, as it is for females. After menstruating for the first time, the girls are expected to leave childhood, enter adulthood, and take on the responsibilities of a grown Yanomami woman. After a young girl gets her period, she is forbidden
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Although some
Yanomami really have been engaged in intensive warfare and other kinds of bloody conflict, this violence is not an expression of Yanomami culture itself. It is, rather, a product of specific historical situations: The Yanomami make war not because Western culture is absent, but because
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described the
Yanomami as living in "a state of chronic warfare". Chagnon's account and similar descriptions of the Yanomami portrayed them as aggressive and warlike, sparking controversy amongst anthropologists and creating an enormous interest in the Yanomami. The debate centered around the degree
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and the ritual repeated annually until the ashes are gone. All of the dead person's personal belongings are also burned, because it is believed that they may harbor some evil spirits. In daily conversation, no reference may be made to a dead person except on the annual "day of remembrance", when the
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The
Yanomami do not recognize themselves as a united group, but rather as individuals associated with their politically autonomous villages. Yanomami communities are grouped together because they have similar ages and kinship, and militaristic coalitions interweave communities together. The Yanomami
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Ferguson stresses the idea that contrary to
Chagnon's description of the Yanomami as unaffected by Western culture, the Yanomami experienced the effects of colonization long before their territory became accessible to Westerners in the 1950s, and that they had acquired many influences and materials
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among
Amazonian tribes has also been observed. Many unions are monogamous. Polygamous families consist of a large patrifocal family unit based on one man, and smaller matrifocal subfamilies: each woman's family unit, composed of the woman and her children. Life in the village is centered around the
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and replacing them with new ones that symbolize her womanhood and availability for marriage. During the week of that first menstrual period, the girl is fed with a stick, because she is forbidden from touching the food in any way. While on confinement, she has to whisper when speaking, and she may
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by constructing roads and military bases near Yanomami communities, led to a campaign to defend the rights of the Yanomami to live in a protected area. In 1978 the Pro-Yanomami Commission (CCPY) was established. Originally named the Commission for the Creation of a Yanomami Park, it is a Brazilian
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might be practiced in the event of the death of a spouse. Kin groups tend to be localized in villages and their genealogical depth is rather shallow. Kinship is critical in the arrangement of marriage and very strong bonds develop between kin groups who exchange women. Their kinship system can be
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are a very important part of Yanomami culture. The Yanomami celebrate a good harvest with a big feast to which nearby villages are invited. The Yanomami village members gather large amounts of food, which helps to maintain good relations with their neighbors. They also decorate their bodies with
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In 2000, CCPY sponsored a project to foster a market for Yanomami-grown fruit trees. This project aimed to help the Yanomami as they transition to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle because of environmental and political pressures. In a separate venture, the CCPY, per the request of Yanomami
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Violence is one of the leading causes of Yanomami death. Up to half of all Yanomami males die violent deaths in the constant conflict between neighboring communities over local resources. Often these confrontations lead to Yanomami leaving their villages in search of new ones. Women are often
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between 1987 and 1990. The number of gold miners in the Yanomami area of Roraima was then estimated at 30 to 40 thousand, about five times the indigenous population resident there. Although the intensity of this gold rush has subsided greatly since 1990, gold prospecting continues today in the
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are expected to take responsibility for the children, who are expected to help their mothers with domestic chores from a very young age, and mothers rely very much on help from their daughters. Boys typically become the responsibility of the male members of the community after about age 8.
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ashes of the dead are consumed and people recall the lives of their deceased relatives. This tradition is meant to strengthen the Yanomami people and keep the spirit of that individual alive. Infanticide is also noted amongst the Yanomami for reasons of disability, adultery, and rape.
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Grenfell P, Fanello CI, Magris M, Goncalves J, Metzger WG, Vivas-Martínez S, Curtis C, Vivas L. Anaemia and malaria in Yanomami communities with differing access to healthcare. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Jul;102(7):645-52. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.02.021. Epub 2008 Apr 10. PMID
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questioned Ferguson's analysis, writing that the character and speed of changes caused by contact with civilization are not well understood, and that diseases, trade items, weapons, and population movements likely all existed as possible contributors to warfare before civilization.
1420:, anthropologist Bruce Albert, and Catholic missionary Carlo Zacquini, CCPY has dedicated itself to the defense of Yanomami territorial rights and the preservation of Yanomami culture. CCPY launched an international campaign to publicize the destructive effects of the
1243:, who had been supporting the Yanomami in this allegation, retracted their support, concluding the report was false after journalists taken to the area by the government found that the area was undisturbed and the local Yanomami had not heard of the alleged massacre.
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In January 2023, Indigenous health secretary Weibe Tapeba compared the conditions of Yanomami to that of a "concentration camp". Tapeba stated that 20,000 illegal gold miners contaminated the local water supply and fish within and were responsible for causing
1310:, this was the first confirmed Yanomami death and the third death due to COVID-19 in an indigenous tribe, and raised fears over the virus' impact on Brazil's indigenous peoples. Ten Yanomami children were reported to have died from COVID-19 in January 2021.
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Following demarcation of the Yanomami Indigenous Area in 1992, CCPY's health programs, in conjunction with the now-defunct NGO URIHI (Yanomami for "forest"), succeeded in reducing the incidence of malaria among the Brazilian Yanomami by educating Yanomami
1151:, charging that anthropologists had repeatedly caused harm—and in some cases, death—to members of the Yanomami people whom they had studied in the 1960s. This began a heated debate. The book's claims were found to be largely fabricated by Tierney, and the
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and long peaceful moments can separate two explosions. When one is acquainted with the societies of the North American plains or the societies of the Chaco in South America, one cannot say that Yanomami culture is organized around warfare as Chagnon does.
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Groups of Yanomami live in villages usually consisting of their children and extended families. Villages vary in size, but usually contain between 50 and 400 people. In this largely communal system, the entire village lives under a common roof called the
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of the Yanomami. CCPY devoted itself to a long national and international campaign to inform and sensitize public opinion and put pressure on the Brazilian government to demarcate an area suited to the needs of the Yanomami. After 13 years the
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was officially demarcated in 1991 and approved and registered in 1992, thus ensuring that indigenous people had the constitutional right to the exclusive use of almost 96,650 square kilometres (37,320 sq mi) located in the States of
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of violence in Yanomami society, and the question of whether violence and warfare were best explained as an inherent part of Yanomami culture, or rather as a response to specific historical situations. Writing in 1985, anthropologist
730:. Yanomami women cultivate until the gardens are no longer fertile, and then move their plots. Women are expected to carry 70 to 80 pounds (32 to 36 kg) of crops on their backs during harvesting, using bark straps and woven
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and dangerous, girls are kept hidden away in a small tent-like screen of leaves. A deep hole is built in the structure over which girls squat, to "rid themselves" of their blood. These structures are regarded as isolation
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to be adopted into the captor's community. Wives may be beaten frequently, so as to keep them docile and faithful to their husbands. Sexual jealousy causes much of the violence. Women are beaten with clubs, sticks,
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In early anthropological studies the Yanomami culture was described as being permeated with violence. The Yanomami people have a history of acting violently not only towards other tribes, but towards one another.
1125:, a campaign that started in the early 1970s. Non-Yanomami people continue to enter the land; the Brazilian and Venezuelan governments do not have adequate enforcement programs to prevent the entry of outsiders.
965:, argued that a culture of violence had evolved among the Yanomami through competition resulting from a lack of nutritional resources in their territory. However, the 1995 study "Yanomami Warfare", by
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and the marriage may be consummated only once the girl starts menstruating, though the taboo is often violated, and many girls become sexually active before then. The Yanomami word for menstruation (
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Children stay close to their mothers when young; most of the childrearing is done by women. Yanomami groups are a famous example of the approximately fifty documented societies that openly accept
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2355:"Human Rights Council Opens Forty-Eighth Regular Session, Hearing the High Commissioner's Global Human Rights Update and Her Separate Updates on Venezuela, Afghanistan, Nicaragua and Sri Lanka"
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over the land rights of the Yanomami. Alcida Rita Ramos, an anthropologist who worked closely with the Yanomami, says this three-year period "led to charges against Brazil for genocide."
753:, or even look for vines that can be woven into baskets. While some women gather these small sources of food, other women go off and fish for several hours during the day. The women also
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920:, unrelated to other South American indigenous languages, while others believe the language of the Yanomami to be part of the Macro-jê group. The origins of the language are obscure.
916:. Many local variations and dialects also exist, such that people from different villages cannot always understand each other. Many linguists consider the Yanomaman family to be a
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From approximately 1630 to 1720, the other river-based indigenous societies who lived in the same region were wiped out or reduced as a result of slave-hunting expeditions by the
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victims of physical abuse and anger. Inter-village warfare is common, but does not too commonly affect women. When Yanomami tribes fight and raid nearby tribes, women are often
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to its headwaters; he replied yes, and that he had gone to make war against the Guaharibo Indians, who were very brave ... and who will not be friends with any kind of Indian.
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and I call a "tribal zone", an extensive area beyond state administrative control, inhabited by nonstate people who must react to the far-flung effects of the state presence.
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invasion and promoted a political movement to designate an area along the Brazil-Venezuela border as the Yanomami Indigenous Area. This campaign was ultimately successful.
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against the Yanomami, citing widespread starvation and contamination of water supplies by miners, whose illegal activities were unrestricted under Bolsonaro. The Brazilian
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to dye the baskets, as well as to paint their bodies and dye their loin cloths. After the baskets are painted, they are further decorated with masticated charcoal pigment.
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are built from raw materials from the surrounding rainforest, such as leaves, vines, and tree trunks. They are susceptible to heavy damage from rains, winds, and insect
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Aerial view of a Yanomami shabono in northern Brazil. Outlying buildings are for the privacy of newlywed couples, or may be used for the preparation of game and fish.
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The Haximu massacre, also known as the Yanomami massacre, was an armed conflict in 1993, just outside Haximu, Brazil, close to the border with Venezuela. A group of
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in the end voted 846 to 338 in 2005 to rescind a 2002 report on the allegations of misconduct by scholars studying the Yanomami people. In 2010, Brazilian director
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1809:
859:, and are only responsible for assisting their mothers in household work. When they approach the age of menstruation, they are sought out by males as potential
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415:, few have received official title to their territories and the government has announced it will open up large parts of the Amazon rainforest to legal mining.
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The German-based non-governmental organization Yanomami-Hilfe e.V. is building medical stations and schools for the Yanomami in Venezuela and Brazil. Founder
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of Yanomami women does not occur frequently due to constant nursing or child-birthing, and is treated as a very significant occurrence only at this time.
3711:"Os enviados de Dom Bosco entre os Masiripiwëiteri. O impacto missionário sobre o sistema social e cultural dos Yanomami ocidentais (Amazonas, Brasil.)"
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Brazil: Anthropological Perspectives, Essays in Honor of Charles Wagley. M. Margolis and W. Carter (eds.) pp. 121–32. New York Columbia University Press
1746:"Os enviados de Dom Bosco entre os Masiripiwëiteri. O impacto missionário sobre o sistema social e cultural dos Yanomami ocidentais (Amazonas, Brasil.)"
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features the Yanomami in a documentary/drama, depicting their way of life and struggles with gold prospectors. It notably features indigenous activist
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582:. Often the Yanomami will cut down palms in order to facilitate the growth of grubs. The traditional Yanomami diet is very low in edible salt. Their
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559:, “In a word, everyone in Yanomamo society is called by some kinship term that can be translated into what we would call blood relatives.”
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is characteristically among the lowest of any demographic group. For this reason, the Yanomami have been the subject of studies seeking to link
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827:) translates literally as "squatting" in English, as they use no pads or cloths to absorb the blood. Due to the belief that menstrual blood is
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682:. The ashes are then mixed with a kind of soup made from bananas, which is consumed by the entire community. The ashes may be preserved in a
335:. How this affected the Yanomami is unknown. Sustained contact with the outside world began in the 1950s with the arrival of members of the
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in gardens as their main crops. Men do the heavy work of clearing areas of forest for the gardens. Another food source for the Yanomami is
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Ramos, A. R. (1987), Reflecting on the Yanomami: Ethnographic Images and the Pursuit of the Exotic. Cultural Anthropology, 2: 284–304.
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in how to diagnose and treat malaria. Between 1998 and 2001 the incidence of malaria among Brazilian Yanomami Indians dropped by 45%.
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674:, in which they consume the bones of deceased kinsmen. The body is wrapped in leaves and placed in the forest some distance from the
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is notified immediately, and she, along with the elder female friends of the girl, are responsible for disposing of her old cotton
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1386:. It tells of Yanomami tribesmen/tribeswomen living in the Amazon and has been performed by many drama groups around the world.
1059:, to assess the inability of the government to protect their constitutional rights. On September 13, 2021, in her report to the
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Interior of Yanomami shabono, showing circular structure with separate divisions for each family around a central communal space
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The Brazilian-based Yanomami formed their own indigenous organization Hutukara Associação Yanomami and accompanying website.
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declared a national emergency following reports of deaths among Yanomami children due to malnutrition and disease exposure.
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is the Indians' self-denomination ... the term refers to communities disseminated to the south of the Orinoco, the variant
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Alcida Rita Ramos (1995). Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
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1416:) is a Brazilian NGO focused on improving health care and education for the Yanomami. Established in 1978 by photographer
783:, Yanomami women weave and decorate baskets. They use these baskets to carry plants, crops, and food to bring back to the
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663:, spirits that are believed to govern many aspects of the physical world. Women do not engage in this practice, known as
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Macauley, Cameron (2005). "Aggressive active case detection: a malaria control strategy based on the Brazilian model".
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The first report of the Yanomami is from 1654, when a Spanish expedition under Apolinar Diaz de la Fuente visited some
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Percentage of male deaths due to warfare in two Yanomami subgroups, as compared to other indigenous ethnic groups in
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have a characteristic oval shape, with open grounds in the center measuring an average of 100 yards (91 m). The
147:
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small, matrilocal family unit, whereas the larger patrilocal unit has more political importance beyond the village.
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feathers and flowers. During the feast, the Yanomami eat a lot, and the women dance and sing late into the night.
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1998:
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was created in 1993 with the objective of preserving the traditional territory and lifestyle of the Yanomami and
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settled, they killed members of the Yanomami tribe in conflict over land. In addition, mining techniques by the
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2763:"A boy from a remote Amazonian tribe has died, raising concerns about Covid-19's impact on indigenous people"
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Lawrence H. Keeley (1996). War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage. Oxford University Press.
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Men of the Yanomami are said to commit significant intervals of bride service living with their in-laws, and
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then after insects have consumed the soft tissue (usually about 30 to 45 days), the bones are collected and
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1307:
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1038:, a Brazilian woman kidnapped by Yanomami warriors in the 1930s, witnessed a Karawetari raid on her tribe:
27:
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and killing game for food. Although the women do not hunt, they do work in the gardens and gather fruits,
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Harris, Marvin. 1984. "A cultural materialist theory of band and village warfare: the Yanomamo test". in
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has arisen about Yanomami blood taken for study by scientists such as Napoleon Chagnon and his associate
1063:, Michelle Bachelet declared that she was "alarmed by recent attacks against members of the Yanomami and
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Under the roof, divisions exist marked only by support posts, partitioning individual houses and spaces.
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Human Impacts On Amazonia: The Role Of Traditional Ecological Knowledge In Conservation And Development
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river and moved to the highlands of Brazil and Venezuela, the location the Yanomami currently occupy.
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has created global awareness-raising campaigns on the human rights situation of the Yanomami people.
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Following the increase in threats and attacks against the uncontacted Yanomami, member of parliament
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2386:"Environmental crisis: High Commissioner calls for leadership by Human Rights Council member states"
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Nelly Arvelo-Jiminez and Horacio Biord Castillo, eds., 1989. Iquitos, Peru: IIAP-CETA; pp. 171–172.
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819:. Girls typically start menstruation around the ages of 12 to 13. Girls are often betrothed before
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Increasing pressure from farmers, cattle ranchers, and gold miners, as well as those interested in
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In the mornings, while the men are off hunting, the women and young children go off in search of
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nests and other grubs, which will later be roasted at the family hearths. The women also pursue
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Life Among the Yanomami: The Story of Change Among the Xilixana on the Mucajai River in Brazil
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corresponds to a dialect reserved for a cultural subgroup, much influenced by the neighboring
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358:. Hundreds of clandestine runways were opened by gold miners in the major tributaries of the
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Marvin Harris. 1979. "The Yanomamö and the cause of war in band and village societies." In
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Central University of Venezuela, Faculty of Social and Scientific Economics, Caracas, 1975.
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3653:"Os Yanomami e a morte," Doctoral Thesis, University of Sao Paulo, Dept. of Anthropology.
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Noble Savages: My Life Among Two Dangerous Tribes – the Yanomamo and the Anthropologists
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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3769:"Napoleon in Exile," National Geographic Adventure, April 2002, pp. 52–61, 98–100.
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The Xilixana Yanomami of the Amazon: History, Social Structure, and Population Dynamics
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By interlocution of an Uramanavi Indian, I asked Chief Yoni if he had navigated by the
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3816:"mtDNA variation in the Yanomami: evidence for additional New World founding lineages"
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featured one of the Yanomami in the telling of the history and culture of his people.
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brought disease, alcoholism, and violence. Yanomami culture was severely endangered.
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The Yanomami are known as hunters, fishers, and horticulturists. The women cultivate
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1965:(Chagnon 1968; Chagnon 1977; Chagnon 1983; Chagnon 1992; Chagnon 1998; Chagnon 2012)
1634:[Yanomami go to war with strangers in exchange for women, says researcher].
1097:(small independent gold-diggers) started to enter the Yanomami country. Where these
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shelter constitutes the perimeter of the village, if it has not been fortified with
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Hutukara.org, official website of the Yanomami Indians and the Hutukara Association
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1993:, Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology, Cambridge University Press, Worcester;
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The Yanomami can be classified as foraging horticulturalists, depending heavily on
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3566:
Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology, Cambridge University Press, Worcester;
3502:
3260:
3239:
2974:
2593:
2417:"Davi Yanomami warns uncontacted Yanomami in Brazil "could soon be exterminated""
2333:
1491:, a 27-minute documentary of his two-months stay in the Amazon with the Yanomami.
1456:
1446:
1417:
1382:, to convey what is happening to the people and their natural environment in the
1231:
killed approximately 16 Yanomami. In turn, Yanomami warriors killed at least two
1222:
1031:
stick occurs often, and symbolizes a male's strength or dominance over his wife.
880:
671:
629:
5432:
5427:
5417:
5259:
5196:
4759:
3905:
2699:"Venezuela investigating an alleged massacre of indigenous people in the Amazon"
1156:
5422:
5374:
5294:
5234:
4928:
4905:
4825:
4691:
4656:
3970:
3965:
3935:
3900:
3895:
2969:
2822:
2797:
2063:"In Brazil, Activists Defend Infanticide Among Indigenous Tribes - Worldcrunch"
1506:
1329:
1084:
was found in Yanomami territory in the early 1970s and the resulting influx of
1051:, Dario Kopenawa Yanomami and some other Brazilian indigenous leaders met with
1028:
997:
901:
804:
768:
583:
505:
433:
258:
244:
5339:
4636:
4611:
4283:
3975:
3915:
3347:
3143:
Spreter, Jona; AFP; KNA, KNA Katholische Nachrichten-Agentur (April 3, 2020).
2880:"Brazil declares emergency over deaths of Yanomami children from malnutrition"
1360:, created The Good Project to help support the future of the Yanomami people.
1206:
1198:
5598:
5559:
5437:
5359:
5354:
5319:
5299:
5269:
5264:
5152:
5096:
5073:
5063:
4749:
4711:
4681:
4601:
4503:
4498:
4470:
4337:
4030:
3990:
3980:
3950:
3559:
3156:
2813:"Covid deaths of Yanomami children fuel fears for Brazil's indigenous groups"
1679:
1545:
1006:
969:, examined all documented cases of warfare among the Yanomami and concluded:
962:
949:
933:
852:
speak only to close kin, such as sisters or her mother, but never to a male.
776:
283:
are variant spellings. Supporters of the work on the tribe of anthropologist
211:
4576:
2788:"First Yanomami Covid-19 death raises fears for Brazil's indigenous peoples"
1632:"Ianomamis vão à guerra com estranhos em troca de mulheres, diz pesquisador"
1034:
Yanomami men have been known to kill children while raiding enemy villages.
5495:
5369:
4895:
4581:
4571:
4447:
4040:
4020:
4015:
3743:
Darkness in El Dorado: How Scientists and Journalists Devastated the Amazon
3710:
3307:
2817:
2792:
2734:
2519:
1745:
1495:
1299:
and was admitted to the intensive care unit at Roraima General Hospital in
974:
it is present, and present in certain specific forms. All Yanomami warfare
811:
711:
604:
587:
508:
455:
359:
332:
328:
312:
42:
4460:
3841:
3758:
Yanoama: The Story of Helena Valero, a Girl Kidnapped by Amazonian Indians
3538:
Into The Heart: One Man's Pursuit of Love and Knowledge Among the Yanomami
3320:
2848:
2334:
Sexual Paradox: Complementarity, Reproductive Conflict and Human Emergence
2105:
Into the Heart: One Man's Pursuit of Love and Knowledge Among the Yanomami
754:
363:
Yanomami land, spreading violence and serious health and social problems.
5459:
5211:
4958:
4874:
4646:
4631:
4591:
4561:
4035:
3940:
1484:
1117:
had entered the Yanomami land. In 1992, the government of Brazil, led by
1093:
1085:
1076:
750:
690:
The women are responsible for many domestic duties and chores, excluding
490:
404:
189:, signifies "human beings." This expression is opposed to the categories
5083:
4991:
4850:
4820:
4686:
4480:
4465:
1791:
5379:
5144:
3454:
1209:, then president of Brazil, also supported the economic venture of the
1135:
1002:
952:, who had lived among the Yanomami for more than twenty years, stated:
501:
5309:
5126:
4996:
4840:
4765:
4739:
4721:
4541:
4455:
4010:
3798:
2187:
Yanoama: The Narrative of a Young Woman Kidnapped by Amazonian Indians
1473:, a musical entertainment published by Josef Weinberger, London (1983)
5407:
5101:
4968:
4948:
4910:
4890:
4790:
4626:
4475:
4222:
3925:
3726:
3479:
Growing Up Yanomam'o: Missionary Adventures in the Amazon Rainforest,
3057:
1819:
1761:
1128:
1064:
873:
869:
828:
816:
703:
679:
623:
as part of healing rituals for members of the community who are ill.
620:
608:
531:
355:
155:
126:
79:
5508:
5284:
5201:
4981:
4775:
4754:
4621:
4546:
4000:
3848:
1177:
From 1987 to 1990, the Yanomami population was severely affected by
835:
423:
4666:
4586:
4556:
4536:
3995:
3920:
2970:"Return to the rainforest: A son's search for his Amazonian mother"
2911:"Calls for action as Brazil Yanomami Indigenous people face crisis"
1567:
1460:
1333:
1296:
856:
848:
820:
535:
479:
171:
5384:
5188:
5055:
4986:
4885:
4810:
4661:
4490:
3761:. An eyewitness account of a captive who came of age in the tribe.
2534:"Brazil: Blood samples returned to Yanomami after nearly 50 years"
761:, then roasting the flour to make flat cakes (known in Spanish as
5531:
5364:
5174:
5001:
4933:
4920:
4863:
4830:
4696:
4651:
4566:
4518:
4513:
3960:
2942:
2884:
1178:
1035:
1024:
928:
864:
738:
719:
691:
575:
466:
437:
389:
351:
320:
5389:
4731:
3945:
2476:
6th edition, Wadsworth Publishing, January 1, 2012; pp. 231–232.
1925:. New Haven, Connecticut: Human Relations Area Files. p. 3.
562:
5289:
5239:
4900:
4835:
4780:
4770:
4701:
4671:
4606:
4596:
4551:
4421:
4412:
3955:
3910:
3781:
1870:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. p. 4.
1814:
1394:
844:
731:
715:
699:
597:
591:
512:
225:
is used to refer to communities north of the Orinoco. The term
159:
98:
5023:
3677:
In Trouble Again: A Journey Between the Orinoco and the Amazon
3495:
3232:
1459:, and were engaged in tribal warfare against the neighbouring
637:, derived from a different plant with hallucinogenic effects (
5229:
5037:
4943:
4616:
3985:
3814:
Easton RD, Merriwether DA, Crews DE, Ferrell RE (July 1996).
3553:
They Eat your Ash to Save your Soul – Yanomami Death Culture'
2849:"Brazil airlifts starving Yanomami tribal people from jungle"
1201:
denied that the sharp increase in Yanomami deaths was due to
1194:
1110:
860:
723:
707:
695:
683:
579:
291:, while those who oppose his work or are neutral usually use
3799:
Jointhegoodproject.com, official website of The Good Project
3211:
1947:
Yanomamö Warfare, Social Organization And Marriage Alliances
961:
Anthropologists working in the ecologist tradition, such as
3803:
3564:
Tales of the Yanomami: Daily Life in the Venezuelan Forest,
3459:
1081:
1015:
780:
742:
727:
378:
dedicated to the defense of the territorial, cultural, and
4433:
2284:, R.B. Ferguson (ed.) pp. 111–40. Orlando: Academic Press.
1991:
Tales of the Yanomami: Daily Life in the Venezuelan Forest
987:
from Western culture through trade networks much earlier.
643:), is usually cultivated in the garden by the shaman. The
443:
Mature men hold most political and religious authority. A
3659:
Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis.
3597:
El banquete humano. Una historia cultural del canibalismo
2979:
2853:
2767:
1445:
The Yanomami's reputation for violence was dramatized in
1356:
David Good, son of Yarima and her husband anthropologist
177:
was produced by anthropologists on the basis of the word
3540:. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company; (January 17, 1997)
2685:
Sanuma Memories: Yanomami Ethnography in Times of Crisis
2091:. NY: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Fourth edition.
1845:"Venezuelan tribes protest against violent mining gangs"
3181:
2687:. Madison, WI: University Wisconsin Press. p. xvi.
2672:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 103.
3576:
Le Cercle des feux: Faits e dits des Indiens yanomami,
3348:"Cannibal Holocaust--The One That Goes All The Way!!!"
2617:
Seduced and Abandoned: The Taming of Brazilian Indians
2449:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 96.
2003:
Le Cercle des feux: Faits e dits des Indiens yanomami,
233:. Other denominations applied to the Yanomami include
2943:"Helping the future leaders of the Amazon rainforest"
2488:"Researchers to Return Blood Samples to the Yanomamö"
1498:
featured the Yanomami in his 1997 television feature
855:
Until the time of menstruation, girls are treated as
2730:"Campaign group retracts Yanomami 'massacre' claims"
1726:
Spirit of the Rainforest: A Yanomamo Shaman's Story.
1521:
3694:
Spirit of the Rainforest: A Yanomamo Shaman's Story
3336:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 241.
1043:
little ones, bigger ones, they killed many of them.
1027:, and other blunt or sharp objects. Burning with a
2670:Brazil's Indians and the Onslaught of Civilization
2663:
2661:
2447:Brazil's Indians and the Onslaught of Civilization
1351:
798:
627:also refers to the tree from which it is derived,
202:
196:
190:
184:
178:
3526:) Holt McDougal; 3rd edition (December 12, 1984)
3321:The work of URIHI in the Yanomami Area, 2000–2004
2586:"AAA Rescinds Acceptance of the El Dorado Report"
1313:
1185:, malnutrition, and violence due to an influx of
1067:," in Brazil, "by illegal miners in the Amazon."
1057:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
5596:
3745:. W. W. Norton & Company (January 17, 2002)
3585:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (January 15, 1999)
2474:Yanomamo: Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology.
2461:Anthropology: the exploration of human diversity
1713:Red Gold: The Conquest of the Brazilian Indians,
16:Indigenous people who live in the Amazonas basin
3496:"Savages, The Life And Killing of the Yanomami"
3233:"Savages, The Life And Killing of the Yanomami"
2658:
2255:. Santa Fe: School for American Research Press.
2155:
2153:
2130:Vanishing Peoples Yanomami People of The Amazon
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1407:
839:A Yanomami girl at Xidea, Brazil in August 1997
765:), which they cook over a small pile of coals.
411:recognizes indigenous peoples’ rights to their
3364:
2761:Kaur, Harmeet; Alberti, Mia (April 10, 2020).
2485:
1715:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
659:. The drugs facilitate communication with the
4395:
3864:
3184:[EXPANSION OF YANOMAMI RADIOPHONIA].
3142:
2132:. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books.
1949:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms.
943:An influential ethnography by anthropologist
3423:"The Laughing Alligator | www.li-ma.nl"
2935:
2578:
2150:
2141:
2008:
1920:
1906:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1659:
2961:
2760:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2226:
2224:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2178:
1810:"UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory"
4402:
4388:
3871:
3857:
2810:
2463:, 10th ed., p. 464, New York: McGraw-Hill.
2128:Schwartz, David M, with Victor Englebert.
1958:
1956:
1883:
1505:In 2021, “The Last Forest” directed by
1328:accused the government of his predecessor
339:as well as Catholic missionaries from the
41:
3831:
3574:; pp. xiv–xv. Original volume in French:
2642:"Roraima: Brazil's Northernmost Frontier"
2327:
2325:
2037:
2021:Good, Kenneth, with David Chanoff (1988)
2001:; pp. xiv–xv. Original volume in French:
1975:"Yanomami Indians in the INTERSALT study"
1743:
1638:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
1609:"Yanomami - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil"
1532:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
1190:frequently throughout this 3-year span.
757:, shredding the roots and expressing the
401:Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare Biosphere Reserve
201:(invisible or nameless beings), but also
150:who live in some 200–250 villages in the
3661:Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
3285:
3258:
2785:
2240:
2237:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
2221:
2218:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
2203:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2081:
1985:
1983:
1630:Criado, Miguel Ángel (29 October 2014).
1455:, in which natives apparently practiced
1414:Comissão pela Criação do Parque Yanomami
1393:crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1987 in a
996:
927:
834:
561:
521:
454:
422:
3715:Journal de la Société des Américanistes
3093:from the original on September 21, 2023
2811:Milhorance, Flávia (February 8, 2021).
2398:from the original on September 18, 2021
2367:from the original on September 15, 2021
2331:Christine Fielder, Chris King (2006). "
2159:
2099:
2097:
1953:
1944:
1750:Journal de la Société des Américanistes
1363:UK-based non-governmental organization
47:Yanomami woman and her child, June 1997
5597:
3794:Survival International's Yanomami page
3709:Smiljanic, Maria Inês (January 2002).
3070:from the original on January 24, 2018.
2967:
2949:from the original on December 16, 2023
2728:Watts, Jonathan (September 11, 2012).
2667:
2654:from the original on January 27, 2023.
2444:
2322:
2313:
2184:
2060:
1855:from the original on December 1, 2023.
1744:Smiljanic, Maria Inês (January 2002).
1629:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1291:, a 15-year-old Yanomami boy from the
1172:
146:, are a group of approximately 35,000
5458:
5173:
5022:
4432:
4383:
3878:
3852:
3809:Indigenous Peoples of Brazil—Yanomami
3698:Island Lake Press; (January 1, 2000)
3641:. University of Toronto Press, 1998.
3599:. Siglo XXI de España, Madrid, 2008.
3331:
3163:from the original on January 27, 2023
3145:"Abenteurer: Rüdiger Nehberg ist tot"
3111:
3080:
2923:from the original on January 24, 2023
2861:from the original on January 24, 2023
2846:
2829:from the original on February 8, 2021
2742:from the original on October 31, 2013
2727:
2682:
2614:
2308:Yanomami Warfare: A political history
2253:Yanomami Warfare: A Political History
2144:Faces of the Rainforest: The Yanomami
2110:
2033:
2031:
2025:. London: The Ulverscroft Foundation.
1980:
1879:
1877:
1865:
1665:
1439:
872:and must keep herself covered with a
58:
3536:Good, Kenneth; with Chanoff, David.
3505:Macfarlane Walter & Ross (1992)
3259:Kopenawa, Davi (November 15, 2013).
3242:Macfarlane Walter & Ross (1992)
2986:from the original on August 29, 2013
2775:from the original on April 10, 2020.
2590:American Anthropological Association
2094:
2050:from the original on April 24, 2024.
2038:Leveratto, Yuri (December 5, 2023).
1250:
1246:
1153:American Anthropological Association
670:The Yanomami people practice ritual
497:are constructed every 4 to 6 years.
66:Regions with significant populations
3192:from the original on April 21, 2024
3016:from the original on April 22, 2024
2968:Kremer, William (August 29, 2013).
2639:
2561:
2544:from the original on April 30, 2023
2427:from the original on March 31, 2024
2391:United Nations Human Rights Council
2360:United Nations Human Rights Council
2160:Changon, Napoleon (February 2013).
2077:from the original on June 24, 2018.
1596:
1061:United Nations Human Rights Council
13:
3581:Milliken, William; Albert, Bruce.
3470:
2709:from the original on March 3, 2016
2028:
1921:Hames, R. B.; Beierle, J. (1995).
1884:Hames, Beierle, Raymond B., John.
1874:
1798:from the original on May 18, 2006.
1018:, beaten, and brought back to the
1009:and to some industrialized nations
14:
5641:
5625:Indigenous peoples of the Guianas
3775:
3441:"David Blaine - Magic Man (1997)"
3367:"Endocannibalism of the Yanomami"
3182:"EXPANSÃO DA RADIOFONIA YANOMAMI"
2892:from the original on May 13, 2023
2847:Gozzi, Laura (January 24, 2023).
2486:Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer (2010).
2282:Warfare, Culture, and Environment
1784:"C C P Y - Comissão Pró-Yanomami"
5630:Indigenous peoples of the Amazon
4411:
3780:
3481:Grace Acres Press, May 1, 2009.
2786:Phillips, Tom (April 10, 2020).
2619:. Iowa City: University of Iowa.
1552:
1538:
1524:
1255:
1070:
787:. They use a red berry known as
450:
427:Location of the Yanomami peoples
91:
72:
5615:Indigenous peoples in Venezuela
3447:
3433:
3415:
3401:
3387:
3373:
3358:
3340:
3325:
3314:
3300:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.05.025
3279:
3252:
3222:
3204:
3174:
3136:
3105:
3074:
3050:
3028:
2998:
2903:
2872:
2840:
2804:
2779:
2754:
2721:
2691:
2676:
2633:
2623:
2608:
2555:
2526:
2479:
2466:
2453:
2438:
2409:
2378:
2347:
2300:
2287:
2274:
2258:
2185:Biocca, Ettore (October 1969).
2135:
2054:
1968:
1938:
1929:
1914:
1859:
1837:
1802:
1478:Yai Wanonabälewä: The Enemy God
1352:Groups working for the Yanomami
1163:controversy in his documentary
799:Female puberty and menstruation
553:Iroquois classificatory pattern
432:have common historical ties to
418:
207:(enemy, stranger, non-Indian).
3627:. Lunverg-RTVE, Madrid, 1990.
2459:Kottak, Conrad Phillip (2004)
2061:Toledo, Marcelo (2016-01-06).
1776:
1737:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1646:
1623:
1483:In 1979, Chilean video artist
1314:2023 national emergency decree
900:comprise four main varieties:
647:also mix the powdered bark of
436:speakers who resided near the
1:
3681:Penguin Books Limited, 2012.
3288:Social Science & Medicine
2512:10.1126/science.328.5983.1218
2270:10.1525/can.1987.2.3.02a00020
2214:Chagnon, Napoleon A. (1992).
2146:. New York: PowerHouse Books.
1698:Francisco Michelena y Rojas,
1654:Diccionario Yanomami-Espanol,
1590:
1287:On April 3, 2020, during the
368:securing the Brazilian border
5610:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
3524:Ya̧nomamö: The Fierce People
3265:. Harvard University Press.
2087:Napoleon A. Chagnon (1992).
2040:"The origin of the Yanomami"
1963:Ya̦nomamö: the fierce people
1935:Starkweather and Hames, 2012
1408:Comissão Pró-Yanomami (CCPY)
1320:Yanomami humanitarian crisis
1308:Brazilian Ministry of Health
1303:, before dying on April 10.
1216:
815:symbolizes the beginning of
407:peoples. However, while the
165:
28:Yanomami humanitarian crisis
7:
3657:Ramos, Alcida Rita (1995).
3613:, Edelvives, Madrid, 1990.
3188:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
3063:Music Theatre International
3006:"YANOMAMI HEALTH EMERGENCY"
1790:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
1672:The New York Times Magazine
1668:"Who Are the Real Savages?"
1666:Eakin, Emily (2013-02-17).
1584:Yanomamö: The Fierce People
1517:
1295:area was confirmed to have
1109:. Despite the existence of
923:
886:
651:with the powdered seeds of
526:Yanomami women in Venezuela
183:, which, in the expression
10:
5646:
5460:Indigenous peoples of the
5175:Indigenous peoples of the
5024:Indigenous peoples of the
4434:Indigenous peoples of the
3083:"Campaigns & Projects"
2306:Ferguson, R. Brian. 1995.
2251:R. Brian Ferguson (1995).
1977:(accessed 14 January 2007)
1886:"Culture Summary: Yanoama"
1467:Peter Rose and Anne Conlon
1380:Peter Rose and Anne Conlon
1317:
1220:
1074:
890:
802:
555:. To quote anthropologist
380:civil and political rights
302:
25:
18:
5568:
5540:
5522:
5494:
5476:
5472:
5454:
5398:
5210:
5187:
5183:
5169:
5143:
5125:
5082:
5054:
5036:
5032:
5018:
4967:
4919:
4849:
4730:
4527:
4489:
4446:
4442:
4428:
4346:
4320:
4163:
4101:
4070:
4049:
3886:
3583:Yanomami: A Forest People
3409:"Yai Wanonabälewä review"
3352:www.cannibalholocaust.net
3275:– via Google Books.
3114:"Bamboo raft trip (1992)"
3010:survivalinternational.org
2538:survivalinternational.org
2421:survivalinternational.org
2107:. NY: Simon and Schuster.
1849:survivalinternational.org
1476:The 2008 Christian movie
1374:(WWF) funded the musical
1326:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
1264:This section needs to be
1107:environmental degradation
409:constitution of Venezuela
210:According to ethnologist
125:
120:
113:
108:
89:
70:
65:
57:
52:
40:
3651:Ramalho, Moises (2008).
3611:Amazonas, último destino
2164:. Simon & Schuster.
1923:Culture Summary: Yanoama
1888:. New Haven, Connecticut
1119:Fernando Collor de Mello
385:Yanomami indigenous land
3332:Posey, Darrell (2006).
1945:Chagnon, N. A. (1967).
1430:community health agents
775:Using small strings of
640:Anadenanthera peregrina
619:, are used by Yanomami
203:
197:
191:
185:
179:
19:For the languages, see
3691:Ritchie, Mark Andrew.
3411:. Focus on the family.
3395:"Yanomamo Chorus Book"
3112:Haverkamp, Christina.
3081:Haverkamp, Christina.
3036:"Musicals for Schools"
2683:Ramos, Alcida (1995).
2668:Rabben, Linda (2004).
2615:Ramos, Alcida (1995).
2592:. 2005. Archived from
2445:Rabben, Linda (2004).
1989:Lizot, Jacques. 1985.
1724:Ritchie, Mark Andrew.
1613:pib.socioambiental.org
1511:Davi Kopenawa Yanomami
1489:The Laughing Alligator
1449:'s controversial film
1365:Survival International
1241:Survival International
1235:and wounded two more.
1123:Survival International
1045:
1010:
984:
959:
936:
840:
567:
551:described in terms of
527:
460:
428:
376:nonprofit organization
345:Salesians of Don Bosco
325:
274:
154:on the border between
3789:at Wikimedia Commons
2394:. 13 September 2021.
2363:. 13 September 2021.
2235:Studying the Yanomamo
2189:. Allen & Unwin.
2142:Cruz, Valdir (2002).
2103:Kenneth Good (1991).
1370:In 1988 the US-based
1318:Further information:
1161:Darkness in El Dorado
1148:Darkness in El Dorado
1040:
1000:
971:
954:
931:
838:
565:
525:
458:
426:
317:
216:
26:Further information:
3383:. Rose-Conlon Music.
3365:Andrew N. Woznicki.
2919:. January 24, 2023.
2888:. January 22, 2023.
2231:Chagnon, Napoleon A.
1866:Early, John (2000).
1700:Exploracion Oficial,
1332:of having committed
1166:Secrets of the Tribe
517:shifting cultivation
504:resources; they use
5620:Uncontacted peoples
5177:Central-West Region
3637:Peters, John Fred.
3397:. Josef Weinberger.
3369:. The Summit Times.
2504:2010Sci...328.1218C
2337:". LULU PR. p.156.
1578:Yanomaman languages
1573:Visual anthropology
1399:Christina Haverkamp
1397:and, together with
1372:World Wildlife Fund
1324:In 2023, President
1173:Population decrease
978:occurs within what
898:Yanomaman languages
893:Yanomaman languages
655:to create the drug
493:. As a result, new
195:(game animals) and
115:Yanomaman languages
37:
21:Yanomaman languages
5400:Mato Grosso do Sul
4418:Indigenous peoples
3741:Tierney, Patrick.
3501:2019-09-26 at the
3238:2019-09-26 at the
3118:Yanomami-Hilfe e.V
3087:Yanomami-Hilfe e.V
3046:on April 14, 2015.
2916:Al Jazeera English
2705:. 30 August 2012.
2568:insidehighered.com
2540:. April 13, 2015.
2423:. March 24, 2020.
1788:proyanomami.org.br
1452:Cannibal Holocaust
1440:In popular culture
1338:Ministry of Health
1091:In the mid-1970s,
1011:
976:that we know about
937:
841:
568:
528:
461:
429:
337:New Tribes Mission
35:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5466:Southeast Regions
5450:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
4377:
4376:
3880:Venezuelan people
3820:Am. J. Hum. Genet
3785:Media related to
3672:O'Hanlon, Redmond
3647:978-1-55111-193-3
3605:978-84-323-1341-7
3522:(formerly titled
3516:Chagnon, Napoleon
3492:Berwick, Dennison
3455:"The Last Forest"
3229:Berwick, Dennison
2975:BBC News Magazine
2310:. SAR Press. p. 6
2071:Folha de S. Paulo
1851:. June 18, 2015.
1642:on March 8, 2016.
1619:on June 19, 2018.
1384:Amazon rainforest
1346:mercury poisoning
1306:According to the
1289:COVID-19 pandemic
1285:
1284:
1247:COVID-19 pandemic
1183:mercury poisoning
1053:Michelle Bachelet
967:R. Brian Ferguson
868:from showing her
747:terrestrial crabs
572:cooking plantains
548:sororate marriage
413:ancestral domains
152:Amazon rainforest
148:indigenous people
132:
131:
5637:
5474:
5473:
5456:
5455:
5185:
5184:
5171:
5170:
5034:
5033:
5026:Northeast Region
5020:
5019:
4444:
4443:
4430:
4429:
4416:
4415:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4286:
4279:
4225:
4211:
4124:
4117:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3784:
3755:Valero, Helena.
3738:
3727:10.4000/jsa.2763
3623:Pancorbo, Luis.
3609:Pancorbo, Luis.
3595:Pancorbo, Luis.
3465:
3464:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3329:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3256:
3250:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3120:. Archived from
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3042:. Archived from
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2646:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2570:. Archived from
2562:Jaschik, Scott.
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2483:
2477:
2470:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2351:
2345:
2329:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2304:
2298:
2291:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2262:
2256:
2249:
2238:
2228:
2219:
2212:
2201:
2200:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2108:
2101:
2092:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2035:
2026:
2019:
2006:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:on March 9, 2007
1822:. Archived from
1806:
1800:
1799:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1762:10.4000/jsa.2763
1741:
1735:
1722:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1615:. Archived from
1605:
1562:
1560:Venezuela portal
1557:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1293:Uraricoera River
1280:
1277:
1271:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1049:Joenia Wapichana
945:Napoleon Chagnon
918:language isolate
557:Napoleon Chagnon
373:non-governmental
341:Society of Jesus
285:Napoleon Chagnon
206:
200:
194:
188:
182:
97:
95:
94:
78:
76:
75:
60:
53:Total population
45:
38:
34:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5580:
5564:
5536:
5518:
5490:
5468:
5442:
5394:
5206:
5179:
5157:
5139:
5121:
5078:
5050:
5028:
5006:
4963:
4915:
4845:
4726:
4523:
4485:
4438:
4424:
4410:
4408:
4378:
4373:
4342:
4316:
4282:
4275:
4221:
4207:
4159:
4120:
4113:
4097:
4066:
4045:
3882:
3877:
3813:
3778:
3773:
3721:(88): 137–158.
3708:
3625:Plumas y Lanzas
3503:Wayback Machine
3473:
3471:Further reading
3468:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3363:
3359:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3315:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3262:The Falling Sky
3257:
3253:
3240:Wayback Machine
3227:
3223:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3166:
3164:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3124:on May 12, 2013
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3079:
3075:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2895:
2893:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2864:
2862:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2809:
2805:
2784:
2780:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2681:
2677:
2666:
2659:
2651:
2644:
2640:Hemming, John.
2638:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2560:
2556:
2547:
2545:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2484:
2480:
2471:
2467:
2458:
2454:
2443:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2401:
2399:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2368:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2288:
2279:
2275:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2197:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2158:
2151:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2082:
2067:worldcrunch.com
2059:
2055:
2036:
2029:
2020:
2009:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1954:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1919:
1915:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1864:
1860:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1756:(88): 137–158.
1742:
1738:
1723:
1719:
1710:
1706:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1664:
1660:
1652:Jacques Lizot,
1651:
1647:
1628:
1624:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1457:endocannibalism
1447:Ruggero Deodato
1442:
1418:Claudia Andujar
1412:CCPY (formerly
1410:
1391:Rüdiger Nehberg
1354:
1322:
1316:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1239:September 2012
1225:
1223:Haximu massacre
1219:
1205:invasions, and
1175:
1143:Patrick Tierney
1079:
1073:
991:Lawrence Keeley
926:
895:
889:
881:menstrual cycle
807:
801:
755:prepare cassava
672:endocannibalism
649:Virola elongata
630:Virola elongata
453:
421:
315:. Diaz wrote:
309:Ye'kuana people
305:
239:Waica, Guiaca,
231:Ye'kuana people
168:
138:, also spelled
92:
90:
73:
71:
48:
33:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5643:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5528:
5526:
5524:Santa Catarina
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5478:Espírito Santo
5470:
5469:
5452:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5413:Guarani-Kaiowá
5410:
5404:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5340:Kĩsêdjê (Suyá)
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5193:
5191:
5181:
5180:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5131:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5117:Gavião-Pykobjê
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5030:
5029:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4906:Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4440:
4439:
4426:
4425:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4384:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4369:Refugee crisis
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4347:Related topics
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4088:Indo-Caribbean
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3826:(1): 213–225.
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3777:
3776:External links
3774:
3772:
3771:
3765:Wallace, Scott
3762:
3753:
3739:
3706:
3689:
3669:
3655:
3649:
3635:
3621:
3607:
3593:
3579:
3557:
3548:
3534:
3513:
3489:
3477:Dawson, Mike.
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3446:
3432:
3414:
3400:
3386:
3372:
3357:
3339:
3324:
3313:
3294:(3): 563–573.
3278:
3271:
3251:
3221:
3203:
3173:
3135:
3104:
3073:
3066:. 2016-03-31.
3049:
3027:
2997:
2960:
2934:
2902:
2871:
2839:
2823:Rio de Janeiro
2803:
2798:Rio de Janeiro
2778:
2753:
2720:
2690:
2675:
2657:
2632:
2622:
2607:
2596:on 4 July 2015
2577:
2574:on 2005-08-23.
2554:
2525:
2498:(5983): 1218.
2478:
2465:
2452:
2437:
2408:
2377:
2346:
2321:
2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2257:
2239:
2220:
2202:
2196:978-0045720187
2195:
2177:
2171:978-0684855110
2170:
2149:
2134:
2121:
2109:
2093:
2080:
2053:
2027:
2023:Into the Heart
2007:
1979:
1967:
1952:
1937:
1928:
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1711:John Hemming,
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1674:. p. 32.
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1159:revisited the
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891:Main article:
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805:Yanomami women
803:Main article:
800:
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769:Yanomami women
712:sweet potatoes
584:blood pressure
506:slash-and-burn
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311:living on the
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186:yanõmami thëpë
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3560:Jacques Lizot
3558:
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1036:Helena Valero
1032:
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1007:South America
1004:
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963:Marvin Harris
958:
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950:Jacques Lizot
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934:face painting
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809:The start of
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605:Hallucinogens
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104:19,420 (2011)
103:
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88:
85:16,069 (2009)
84:
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69:
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56:
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44:
39:
29:
22:
5496:Minas Gerais
5255:Enawene Nawe
5197:Avá-Canoeiro
4953:
4806:Suruí (Pará)
4716:
4436:North Region
4354:Colonization
4025:
4006:Timoto–Cuica
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3427:www.li-ma.nl
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3254:
3224:
3216:www.wald.org
3215:
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3186:hutukara.org
3185:
3176:
3165:. Retrieved
3148:
3138:
3126:. Retrieved
3122:the original
3117:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3086:
3076:
3061:
3052:
3044:the original
3039:
3030:
3018:. Retrieved
3009:
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2973:
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2937:
2925:. Retrieved
2914:
2905:
2894:. Retrieved
2883:
2874:
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2852:
2842:
2831:. Retrieved
2818:The Guardian
2816:
2806:
2793:The Guardian
2791:
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2766:
2756:
2744:. Retrieved
2735:The Guardian
2733:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2702:
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2669:
2635:
2625:
2616:
2610:
2598:. Retrieved
2594:the original
2580:
2572:the original
2567:
2564:"Never Mind"
2557:
2546:. Retrieved
2537:
2528:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2473:
2472:Chagnon, N.
2468:
2460:
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2429:. Retrieved
2420:
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1990:
1970:
1962:
1946:
1940:
1931:
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1916:
1890:. Retrieved
1867:
1861:
1848:
1839:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:the original
1813:
1804:
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1753:
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1671:
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1648:
1640:the original
1635:
1625:
1617:the original
1612:
1582:
1499:
1496:David Blaine
1494:Illusionist
1488:
1477:
1470:
1450:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1388:
1375:
1369:
1362:
1358:Kenneth Good
1355:
1342:
1323:
1305:
1286:
1273:
1265:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1210:
1202:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1164:
1160:
1157:José Padilha
1146:
1140:
1127:
1114:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1080:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1019:
1012:
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985:
975:
972:
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955:
942:
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932:Traditional
896:
878:
854:
842:
824:
812:menstruation
810:
808:
792:
788:
784:
774:
767:
751:caterpillars
736:
726:, and other
689:
675:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
638:
634:
628:
624:
616:
612:
603:
596:
588:hypertension
569:
541:
529:
509:horticulture
499:
494:
486:
484:
475:
471:
465:
462:
444:
442:
430:
419:Organization
398:
365:
360:Branco River
349:
333:bandeirantes
326:
318:
313:Padamo River
306:
296:
292:
288:
287:usually use
280:
276:
275:
269:
264:
257:
250:
238:
234:
222:
218:
217:
209:
174:
169:
143:
139:
135:
133:
32:Ethnic group
5250:Cinta Larga
5212:Mato Grosso
4875:Cinta Larga
4647:Pira-tapuya
4637:Parintintín
4359:Immigration
4292:Scandinavia
3572:0-521406722
2927:January 25,
2044:neperos.com
1999:0-521406722
1892:10 December
1485:Juan Downey
1233:garimpeiros
1229:garimpeiros
1211:garimpeiros
1207:José Sarney
1199:Romero Jucá
1187:garimpeiros
1132:controversy
1115:garimpeiros
1103:garimpeiros
1099:garimpeiros
1094:garimpeiros
1077:Gold mining
759:toxic juice
611:, known as
491:infestation
251:Guajaribo,
247:, Guaharibo
5599:Categories
5569:Widespread
5486:Tupiniquim
5380:Yawalapiti
5315:Nambikwara
5245:Chiquitano
5145:Pernambuco
4882:(Rondônia)
4871:(Rondônia)
4256:Portuguese
4246:Lithuanian
4093:Uruguayans
4078:Argentines
3931:Cumanagoto
3888:Indigenous
3751:0393322750
3687:0241963729
3667:0299146545
3591:1900347733
3546:0673982327
3532:0030623286
3511:0921912331
3487:1602650098
3443:. YouTube.
3381:"Yanomamo"
3248:0921912331
3167:2024-04-25
3058:"Yanomamo"
3040:wwf.org.uk
2896:2023-01-23
2865:2023-01-25
2833:2023-01-23
2703:MercoPress
2548:2023-04-30
2431:2022-01-17
2402:2022-01-17
2371:2022-01-17
1830:2017-04-02
1685:2024-07-03
1591:References
1422:garimpeiro
1203:garimpeiro
1197:President
1145:published
1136:James Neel
1075:See also:
1003:New Guinea
609:entheogens
502:rainforest
245:Shirishana
101:(northern)
5542:São Paulo
5408:Chamacoco
5335:Rikbaktsa
5305:Munduruku
5135:Potiguara
5102:Guajajara
5092:Awá-Guajá
4969:Tocantins
4949:Wapishana
4891:Karitiana
4796:Parkatêjê
4791:Munduruku
4786:Kỳikatêjê
4627:Munduruku
4476:Machinere
4461:Asháninka
4312:Ukrainian
4236:Hungarian
4223:Coloniero
3926:Chitarero
3735:161453622
3520:Ya̧nomamö
3518:. (1968)
3157:0044-2070
2990:29 August
2630:18405929.
2600:30 August
1820:Venezuela
1770:161453622
1680:0362-4331
1500:Magic Man
1487:released
1376:Yanomamo,
1301:Boa Vista
1217:Massacres
1193:In 1987,
1065:Munduruku
874:loincloth
870:genitalia
829:poisonous
817:womanhood
704:sugarcane
534:, though
532:polyandry
480:palisades
356:gold rush
270:Shamatari
166:Etymology
156:Venezuela
127:Shamanism
109:Languages
80:Venezuela
5605:Yanomami
5576:Kaingang
5555:Kaingang
5514:Xakriabá
5350:Tapirapé
5345:Tapayúna
5280:Kamayurá
5275:Kalapalo
5084:Maranhão
5069:Tabajara
4992:Tapirapé
4959:Ye'kuana
4954:Yanomami
4939:Patamona
4851:Rondônia
4821:Turiwára
4801:Parakanã
4717:Yanomami
4687:Turiwára
4667:Tenharim
4587:Jamamadi
4557:Barasana
4537:Amahuaca
4529:Amazonas
4509:Karipuna
4481:Yaminawá
4466:Kaxinawá
4364:Diaspora
4333:Mestizos
4261:Romanian
4209:Corsican
4193:Croatian
4173:Austrian
4145:Japanese
4130:Armenian
4115:Lebanese
4083:Chileans
4071:Americas
4036:Ye'kuana
4026:Yanomami
3996:Saladoid
3921:Caquetio
3787:Yanomami
3562:. 1985.
3499:Archived
3308:15550304
3236:Archived
3196:April 9,
3190:Archived
3161:Archived
3149:Die Zeit
3128:April 9,
3097:April 9,
3091:Archived
3068:Archived
3020:April 9,
3014:Archived
2984:Archived
2953:July 31,
2947:Archived
2921:Archived
2890:Archived
2859:Archived
2827:Archived
2773:Archived
2740:Archived
2707:Archived
2649:Archived
2542:Archived
2520:20522749
2425:Archived
2396:Archived
2365:Archived
2233:(1974).
2216:Yanomamo
2089:Yanomamo
2075:Archived
2048:Archived
1902:cite web
1853:Archived
1796:Archived
1792:Brasília
1568:Tim Asch
1518:See also
1471:Yanomamo
1334:genocide
1297:COVID-19
1141:In 2000
1029:branding
1025:machetes
924:Violence
914:Yanomamö
887:Language
857:children
849:garments
832:screens.
821:menarche
680:cremated
676:shabono;
645:Xamatari
544:levirate
536:polygyny
495:shabonos
487:Shabonos
472:Shabonos
405:Ye'kuana
394:Amazonas
297:Yanomama
293:Yanomami
289:Yanomamö
281:Yanomama
277:Yanomamö
265:Xamatari
241:Shiriana
223:Yanomawi
219:Yanomami
180:yanõmami
175:Yanomami
172:ethnonym
144:Yanomama
140:Yąnomamö
136:Yanomami
121:Religion
36:Yanomami
5532:Xokleng
5423:Kadiweu
5375:Xavante
5365:Umutina
5310:Nahukuá
5295:Kuikuro
5235:Bakairi
5127:Paraíba
5112:Krĩkatí
5107:Ka'apor
5002:Xerente
4997:Xambioá
4977:Apinajé
4934:Macushi
4929:Akawaio
4921:Roraima
4864:Akuntsu
4831:Wayampi
4826:Wai-wai
4766:Araweté
4740:Amanayé
4722:Zuruahã
4697:Wayampi
4692:Wai-wai
4657:Tariana
4652:Siriano
4567:Cambeba
4542:Apurinã
4519:Wayampi
4514:Palikur
4456:Apurinã
4302:Slovene
4297:Serbian
4271:Spanish
4266:Russian
4241:Italian
4183:British
4178:Belgian
4155:Turkish
4135:Chinese
4011:Waikerí
3971:Marueta
3966:Mariche
3961:Macushi
3936:Guahibo
3901:Akawaio
3896:Achagua
3842:8659527
3833:1915132
2885:Reuters
2713:9 April
2500:Bibcode
2492:Science
1266:updated
1179:malaria
1129:Ethical
1105:led to
1020:shabono
865:Puberty
785:shabono
739:termite
732:baskets
720:cassava
716:papayas
708:mangoes
700:bananas
692:hunting
665:shapuri
625:Yakoana
621:shamans
613:yakoana
598:Rituals
576:cassava
513:bananas
511:, grow
476:shabono
467:shabono
438:Orinoco
390:Roraima
352:Roraima
321:Orinoco
303:History
253:Yanoama
59:approx.
5560:Terena
5550:Aimoré
5509:Kaxixó
5504:Aimoré
5438:Terena
5360:Trumai
5355:Terena
5330:Paresi
5325:Panará
5320:Paiter
5300:Matipu
5290:Kayapo
5285:Karajá
5270:Kaiabi
5265:Ikpeng
5240:Bororo
5225:Apiacá
5220:Aimoré
5202:Karajá
5153:Xukuru
5097:Canela
5074:Tapeba
5064:Kiriri
5046:Pataxó
4982:Karajá
4901:Paiter
4880:Gavião
4859:Aikanã
4836:Wayana
4816:Tiriyó
4781:Kayapo
4776:Karajá
4771:Atikum
4762:(Pará)
4755:Apiacá
4750:Aparai
4745:Anambé
4712:Witoto
4702:Wayana
4682:Tucano
4677:Tiriyó
4672:Ticuna
4642:Pirahã
4622:Matsés
4607:Macuna
4602:Kulina
4597:Korubo
4552:Baniwa
4547:Banawá
4504:Kalina
4499:Aparai
4471:Kulina
4422:Brazil
4321:Others
4284:Isleño
4277:Basque
4251:Polish
4217:German
4203:French
4165:Europe
4150:Korean
4140:Indian
4122:Syrian
4050:Africa
4031:Yaruro
4001:Sanumá
3991:Piaroa
3981:Panare
3956:Lokono
3951:Kalina
3911:Baniwa
3840:
3830:
3749:
3733:
3702:
3685:
3665:
3645:
3631:
3617:
3603:
3589:
3578:(1976)
3570:
3544:
3530:
3509:
3485:
3306:
3269:
3246:
3212:"CCPY"
3155:
2518:
2341:
2193:
2168:
2005:(1976)
1997:
1815:UNESCO
1768:
1731:
1678:
1463:tribe.
1461:Yacumo
1395:Pedalo
1086:miners
912:, and
906:Sanumá
845:mother
763:casabe
696:tubers
661:hekura
592:sodium
445:tuxawa
262:, and
227:Sanumá
160:Brazil
99:Brazil
96:
77:
61:35,339
5462:South
5433:Ofayé
5428:Mbayá
5418:Guató
5385:Yudjá
5370:Wauja
5260:Guató
5230:Aweti
5189:Goiás
5056:Ceará
5038:Bahia
4987:Krahô
4944:Pemon
4911:Wari’
4896:Kwaza
4886:Kanoê
4869:Arara
4811:Tembé
4760:Arara
4662:Tembé
4617:Matis
4582:Hupda
4572:Cubeo
4491:Amapá
4307:Swiss
4231:Greek
4198:Dutch
4188:Czech
4062:Black
4041:Yukpa
4021:Wayuu
4016:Warao
3986:Pemon
3906:Auaké
3731:S2CID
2652:(PDF)
2645:(PDF)
1766:S2CID
1195:FUNAI
1111:FUNAI
1016:raped
910:Waiká
902:Ninam
861:wives
793:urucu
789:onoto
781:roots
749:, or
743:frogs
728:crops
724:maize
684:gourd
657:ebene
617:ebene
580:grubs
434:Carib
259:Ninam
235:Waika
5464:and
5390:Zoró
4841:Zo'é
4732:Pará
4632:Mura
4612:Mawé
4592:Juma
4562:Bora
4448:Acre
4338:Roma
4328:Jews
4109:Arab
4102:Asia
3976:Barí
3946:Hodï
3941:Hiwi
3916:Baré
3838:PMID
3747:ISBN
3719:2002
3700:ISBN
3683:ISBN
3663:ISBN
3643:ISBN
3629:ISBN
3615:ISBN
3601:ISBN
3587:ISBN
3568:ISBN
3542:ISBN
3528:ISBN
3507:ISBN
3483:ISBN
3460:IMDb
3304:PMID
3267:ISBN
3244:ISBN
3198:2013
3153:ISSN
3130:2013
3099:2013
3022:2013
2992:2013
2955:2015
2929:2023
2748:2012
2715:2013
2602:2013
2516:PMID
2339:ISBN
2191:ISBN
2166:ISBN
1995:ISBN
1908:link
1894:2013
1754:2002
1729:ISBN
1676:ISSN
1082:Gold
1005:and
879:The
843:The
779:and
777:bark
653:yopo
635:Yopo
574:and
399:The
392:and
343:and
331:and
279:and
204:napë
192:yaro
170:The
158:and
134:The
4577:Dâw
4420:of
3828:PMC
3723:doi
3296:doi
2980:BBC
2854:BBC
2768:CNN
2508:doi
2496:328
2266:doi
1758:doi
1378:by
825:roo
791:or
615:or
607:or
590:to
546:or
350:In
295:or
268:or
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