Yasser Arafat - Knowledge

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causes and the agency had no plans to conduct further tests. Unlike the Swiss report, the French and Russian reports were not made public at the time. The Swiss experts read the French and Russian reports and argued that the radiologic data measured by the other teams supported their conclusions of a probable death by polonium poisoning. In March 2015, a French prosecutor closed a 2012 French inquiry, stating that French experts maintained that the polonium and lead traces found were of an environmental nature. Palestinian official Wasel Abu Yousef said of the 2013 report, "The French report is politicized and is contrary to all the evidence which confirms that the president was killed by poisoning", and "This report is an attempt to cover up what happened in Percy hospital."

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poisoning hypothesis by polonium is "reasonably supported", while forensic scientist Dave Barclay, retained by Al Jazeera, stated, "In my opinion, it is absolutely certain that the cause of his illness was polonium poisoning. ... What we have got is the smoking gun – the thing that caused his illness and was given to him with malice." Derek Hill, a professor in radiological science at University College London who was not involved in the investigation, said "I would say it's clearly not overwhelming proof, and there is a risk of contamination (of the samples), but it is a pretty strong signal. ... It seems likely what they're doing is putting a very cautious interpretation of strong data."

10671: 834:. They lived there with their uncle Salim Abul Saud for four years. In 1937, their father recalled them to be taken care of by their older sister, Inam. Arafat had a deteriorating relationship with his father; when he died in 1952, Arafat did not attend the funeral, nor did he visit his father's grave upon his return to Gaza. Arafat's sister Inam stated in an interview with Arafat's biographer, British historian Alan Hart, that Arafat was heavily beaten by his father for going to the Jewish quarter in Cairo and attending religious services. When she asked Arafat why he would not stop going, he responded by saying that he wanted to study Jewish mentality. 553: 2924: 1456:. After the foreign national hostages were taken off the planes and moved away from them, three of the planes were blown up in front of international press, which took photos of the explosion. This tarnished Arafat's image in many western nations, including the United States, who held him responsible for controlling Palestinian factions that belonged to the PLO. Arafat, bowing to pressure from Arab governments, publicly condemned the hijackings and suspended the PFLP from any guerrilla actions for a few weeks. He had taken the same action after the PFLP attacked 1564: 8693: 1343:, Jordan, the site of a major PLO camp. The goal of the invasion was to destroy Karameh camp and capture Yasser Arafat in reprisal for the attacks by the PLO against Israeli civilians, which culminated in an Israeli school bus hitting a mine in the Negev, killing two children. However, plans for the two operations were prepared in 1967, one year before the bus attack. The size of the Israeli forces entering Karameh made the Jordanians assume that Israel was also planning to occupy the eastern bank of the Jordan River, including the 2488:

on Arafat's life by the Israeli Mossad and the Military Directorate in 1970. In 1976, Abu Sa'ed, a Palestinian agent working for the Mossad, was enlisted in a plot to put poison pellets that looked like grains of rice in Arafat's food. Abu Iyad explains that Abu Sa'ed confessed after he received the order to go ahead, explaining that he was unable to go through with the plot because, "He was first of all a Palestinian and his conscience wouldn't let him do it." Arafat claimed in a 1988 interview with

2854: 2095:. Arafat's decision also severed relations with Egypt and many of the oil-producing Arab states that supported the US-led coalition. Many in the US also used Arafat's position as a reason to disregard his claims to being a partner for peace. After the end of hostilities, many Arab states that backed the coalition cut off funds to the PLO and began providing financial support for the organization's rival Hamas and other Islamist groups. Arafat narrowly escaped death again on 7 April 1992, when an 293: 8428: 1885: 544: 3070: 14707: 9045: 3056: 2326: 2165:. The agreement called for the implementation of Palestinian self-rule in portions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip over a five-year period, along with an immediate halt to and gradual removal of Israeli settlements in those areas. The accords called for a Palestinian police force to be formed from local recruits and Palestinians abroad, to patrol areas of self-rule. Authority over the various fields of rule, including education and culture, 1404: 1842: 783: 1637:, a prominent Israeli historian, have stated that Black September was an armed branch of Fatah used for paramilitary operations. According to Abu Daoud's 1999 book, "Arafat was briefed on plans for the Munich hostage-taking." The killings were internationally condemned. In 1973–74, Arafat closed Black September down, ordering the PLO to withdraw from acts of violence outside Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip. 2808: 1729: 2618:(IMF) conducted an audit of the PNA and stated that Arafat had diverted $ 900 million in public funds to a special bank account controlled by himself and the PNA Chief Economic Financial adviser. However, the IMF did not claim that there were any improprieties, and it specifically stated that most of the funds had been used to invest in Palestinian assets, both internally and abroad. 1360:

However, the relatively high casualties were a considerable surprise for the Israel Defense Forces and was stunning to the Israelis. Although the Palestinians were not victorious on their own, King Hussein let the Palestinians take credit. Some have alleged that Arafat himself was on the battlefield, but the details of his involvement are unclear. However, his allies–as well as

3042: 1218:. Although Nasser and his Arab allies had been defeated, Arafat and Fatah could claim a victory, in that the majority of Palestinians, who had up to that time tended to align and sympathize with individual Arab governments, now began to agree that a 'Palestinian' solution to their dilemma was indispensable. Many primarily Palestinian political parties, including 1065:. Arafat had met Abu Iyad while attending Cairo University and Abu Jihad in Gaza. Both would later become Arafat's top aides. Abu Iyad traveled with Arafat to Kuwait in late 1960; Abu Jihad, also working as a teacher, had already been living there since 1959. After settling in Kuwait, Abu Iyad helped Arafat obtain a temporary job as a schoolteacher. 2075:)–and toward the establishment of two separate entities: an Israeli state within the 1949 armistice lines, and an Arab state in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. On 2 April 1989, Arafat was elected by the Central Council of the Palestine National Council, the governing body of the PLO, to be the president of the proclaimed State of Palestine. 2456: 1370:, and Arafat's face appeared on the cover of the 13 December 1968 issue, bringing his image to the world for the first time. Amid the post-war environment, the profiles of Arafat and Fatah were raised by this important turning point, and he came to be regarded as a national hero who dared to confront Israel. With mass applause from the 1127:. Fatah had approximately three hundred members by this time, but none were fighters. In Syria, he managed to recruit members by offering them higher incomes to enable his armed attacks against Israel. Fatah's manpower was incremented further after Arafat decided to offer new recruits much higher salaries than members of the 1515:

from both the PLO and the Jordanian Army, Arafat called for King Hussein to be toppled. Responding to the threat, in June 1971, Hussein ordered his forces to oust all remaining Palestinian fighters in northern Jordan, which they accomplished. Arafat and a number of his forces, including two high-ranking commanders,

2258:. He began subordinating non-governmental organizations that worked in education, health, and social affairs under his authority by replacing their elected leaders and directors with PNA officials loyal to him. He then appointed himself chairman of the Palestinian financial organization that was created by the 2763:

came on 25 October 2004, after he vomited during a staff meeting. His condition deteriorated in the following days. Following visits by other doctors, including teams from Tunisia, Jordan, and Egypt—and agreement by Israel to allow him to travel—Arafat was flown from Ramallah to Jordan by a Jordanian

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In 2004, President Bush dismissed Arafat as a negotiating partner, saying he had "failed as a leader", and accused him of undercutting Abbas when he was prime minister (Abbas resigned the same year he was given the position). Arafat had a mixed relationship with the leaders of other Arab nations. His

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Party) and partly due to insistence for compromise by President Clinton, Barak offered Arafat a Palestinian state in 73 percent of the West Bank and all of the Gaza Strip. The Palestinian percentage of sovereignty would extend to 90 percent over a ten- to twenty-five-year period. Also included in the

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In August 1970, Arafat declared: "Our basic aim is to liberate the land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River. We are not concerned with what took place in June 1967 or in eliminating the consequences of the June war. The Palestinian revolution's basic concern is the uprooting of the Zionist

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In addition, some circles within the US State Department viewed Arafat as an able diplomat and negotiator who could get support from many Arab governments at once. An example of that, we find in March 1973 that Arafat tried to arrange for a meeting between the President of Iraq and the Emir of Kuwait

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But on 26 December 2013, a team of Russian scientists released a report saying they had found no trace of radioactive poisoning—a finding that came after the French report found traces of polonium. Vladimir Uiba, the head of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, said that Arafat died of natural

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The Israeli security Cabinet on 11 September 2003 decided that "Israel will act to remove this obstacle in the manner, at the time, and in the ways that will be decided on separately". Israeli Cabinet members and officials hinted on Arafat's death, the Israeli military had begun making preparations

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Israel attempted to assassinate Arafat on a number of occasions, but has never used its own agents, preferring instead to "turn" Palestinians close to the intended target, usually using blackmail. According to Alan Hart, the Mossad's specialty is poison. According to Abu Iyad, two attempts were made

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In the late 1960s, tensions between Palestinians and the Jordanian government increased greatly; heavily armed Palestinian elements had created a virtual "state within a state" in Jordan, eventually controlling several strategic positions in that country. After their proclaimed victory in the Battle

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divisional commander to withdraw his men and headquarters to the nearby hills, Arafat refused, stating, "We want to convince the world that there are those in the Arab world who will not withdraw or flee." Aburish writes that it was on Arafat's orders that Fatah remained, and that the Jordanian Army

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In the latter part of the 1950s, Arafat co-founded Fatah, a paramilitary organization which sought Israel's replacement with a Palestinian state. Fatah operated within several Arab countries, from where it launched attacks on Israeli targets. In the latter part of the 1960s Arafat's profile grew; in

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published the results of a nine-month investigation, which found that rumors Arafat had died of cancer, cirrhosis, or AIDS were not true, because he was in good health until he fell ill suddenly on 12 October 2004 – but revealed that tests carried out by Swiss experts found traces of

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in 2002—Arafat's commodity monopolies could accurately be seen as gouging his own people, "especially in Gaza which is poorer, which is something that is totally unacceptable and immoral." Fayyad claims that Arafat used $ 20 million from public funds to pay the leadership of the PNA security forces

2641:. The head of the investigation stated that "although the money for the portfolio came from public funds like Palestinian taxes, virtually none of it was used for the Palestinian people; it was all controlled by Arafat. And none of these dealings were made public." An investigation conducted by the 2206:

In accordance with the terms of the Oslo agreement, Arafat was required to implement PLO authority in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. He insisted that financial support was imperative to establishing this authority and needed it to secure the acceptance of the agreements by the Palestinians living in

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and Israel's right "to exist in peace and security" and Arafat's statements were greeted with approval by the US administration, which had long insisted on these statements as a necessary starting point for official discussions between the US and the PLO. These remarks from Arafat indicated a shift

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By 25 September, the Jordanian Army achieved dominance, and two days later Arafat and Hussein agreed to a ceasefire in Amman. The Jordanian Army inflicted heavy casualties on the Palestinians—including civilians—who suffered approximately 3,500 fatalities. After repeated violations of the ceasefire

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Fatah dedicated itself to the liberation of Palestine by an armed struggle carried out by Palestinians themselves. This differed from other Palestinian political and guerrilla organizations, most of which firmly believed in a united Arab response. Arafat's organization never embraced the ideologies

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On 6 November 2013, Al Jazeera reported that the Swiss forensic team had found levels of polonium in Arafat's ribs and pelvis 18 to 36 times the average, even though by this point in time the amount had diminished by a factor of 2 million. François Bochud, the head of the Swiss team, said that the

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commenced attacks towards Israel in order to compete with Hamas. On 6 May 2002, the Israeli government released a report, based in part on documents, allegedly captured during the Israeli raid of Arafat's Ramallah headquarters, which allegedly included copies of papers signed by Arafat authorizing

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were killed in a traffic accident involving an Israeli driver. Rumors spread that the deaths were a deliberate act of revenge for an Israeli shopper who was stabbed to death by a Palestinian in Gaza four days earlier. Mass rioting broke out, and within weeks, partly upon consistent requests by Abu

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to track Arafat's movements in Lebanon to kill him because Sharon saw Arafat as a "Jew murderer" and an important symbol, symbols being as important as body counts in a war against a terrorist organization. The Salt Fish task force orchestrated the bombing of buildings where Arafat and senior PLO

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This was the first time that a senior Hamas official disclosed that some of the Hamas suicide bombings during the second intifada, which erupted 10 years ago, were ordered by Arafat. Until now it was widely believed that Arafat had only ordered his Fatah militiamen to carry out terror attacks on

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policies with Israel. These groups often bombed non-military targets, such as malls and movie theaters, to increase the psychological damage and civilian casualties. In the 1990s, these groups seemed to threaten Arafat's capacity to hold together a unified nationalist organization with a goal of

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of the Israeli army." The Civil War's first phase ended and Arafat—who was commanding Fatah forces at Tel al-Zaatar—narrowly escaped with assistance from Saudi and Kuwaiti diplomats. Towards the end of the siege, the US and European governments brokered an agreement guaranteeing safe passage for

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considered this a growing threat to his kingdom's sovereignty and security, and attempted to disarm the militias. However, in order to avoid a military confrontation with opposition forces, Hussein dismissed several of his anti-PLO cabinet officials, including some of his own family members, and

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document, declassified in 2006, concluded "The Khartoum operation was planned and carried out with the full knowledge and personal approval of Yasser Arafat." Arafat denied any involvement in the operation and insisted it was carried out independently by the Black September Organization. Israel

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by Palestinian forces. The Israelis were repelled at the end of a day's battle, having destroyed most of the Karameh camp and taken around 141 PLO prisoners. Both sides declared victory. On a tactical level, the battle went in Israel's favor and the destruction of the Karameh camp was achieved.

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In accordance with his ideology, Arafat generally refused to accept donations to his organization from major Arab governments, in order to act independently of them. He did not want to alienate them, and sought their undivided support by avoiding ideological alliances. However, to establish the

2313:, the DFLP and other popular opposition movements chose to boycott the presidential elections, the choices were limited. Arafat's landslide victory guaranteed Fatah 51 of the 88 seats in the PLC. After Arafat was elected to the post of President of the PNA, he was often referred to as the 956:. During their marriage, Suha tried to leave Arafat on many occasions, but he forbade it. Suha said she regrets the marriage, and given the choice again would not repeat it. In mid-1995, Arafat's wife Suha gave birth in a Paris hospital to a daughter, named Zahwa after Arafat's mother. 1644:(drawn up by Arafat and his advisers), and proposed a compromise with the Israelis. It called for a Palestinian national authority over every part of "liberated" Palestinian territory, which refers to areas captured by Arab forces in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War (present-day West Bank, 2562:. After the wanted men were handed over the siege was lifted. With that, and a promise that he would issue a call to the Palestinians to halt attacks on Israelis, Arafat was released. He issued such a call on 8 May. On 19 September 2002, the IDF largely demolished the compound with 2407:, sovereignty on all Islamic and Christian holy sites, and three of Jerusalem's four Old City quarters. Arafat rejected Barak's offer and refused to make an immediate counter-offer. He told President Clinton that, "the Arab leader who would surrender Jerusalem is not born yet." 2717:

unit in charge of Israel's numerous targeted killings. Shooting down a commercial airliner in international airspace over very deep water was thought to be preferable to make recovery of the wreckage, and hence investigation, more difficult. Following Israel's 1982 invasion of

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and opposed the US-led coalition attack on Iraq. He made this decision without the consent of other leading members of Fatah and the PLO. Arafat's top aide Abu Iyad vowed to stay neutral and opposed an alliance with Saddam; on 17 January 1991, Abu Iyad was assassinated by the

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Persistent attempts by the Israeli government to identify another Palestinian leader to represent the Palestinian people failed. Arafat was enjoying the support of groups that, given his own history, would normally have been quite wary of dealing with or supporting him.

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in February, the peace process took a steep downfall. Palestinian elections scheduled for January 2002 were postponed—the stated reason was an inability to campaign due to the emergency conditions imposed by the Intifada, as well as IDF incursions and restrictions on

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and tourism, would be transferred to the Palestinian interim government. Both parties agreed also on forming a committee that would establish cooperation and coordination dealing with specific economic sectors, including utilities, industry, trade and communication.

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in Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan as well as by many Palestinian intellectuals and the local leadership of the Palestinian territories. However, the inhabitants of the territories generally accepted the agreements and Arafat's promise for peace and economic well-being.

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support from Arab leaders tended to increase whenever he was pressured by Israel; for example, when Israel declared in 2003 it had made the decision, in principle, to remove him from the Israeli-controlled West Bank. In an interview with the Arabic news network

2317:, (literally president in Arabic), although he spoke of himself as "the general". In 1997, the PLC accused the executive branch of the PNA of financial mismanagement causing the resignation of four members of Arafat's cabinet. Arafat refused to resign his post. 2746:

to a meeting with Arafat in an additional unsuccessful attempt to kill him. In 2001, Sharon as prime minister is believed to have made a commitment to cease attempts to assassinate Arafat. However, following Israel's successful assassination in March 2004 of

10702: 2055:, Arafat suggested that if Israel withdrew a "few kilometers" from parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and transferred responsibility to the UN, Arafat could give "something to show his people before he could acknowledge Israel's right to exist". 1902:

After Israel withdrew from Lebanon, cross-border hostilities between PLO forces and Israel continued, though from August 1981 to May 1982, the PLO adopted an official policy of refraining from responding to provocations. On 6 June 1982, Israel launched

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published a peer-reviewed article by the Swiss experts about the analysis of the 38 samples of Arafat's clothes and belongings and 37 reference samples which were known to be polonium-free, suggesting that Arafat could have died of polonium poisoning.

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of Karameh, Fatah and other Palestinian militias began taking control of civil life in Jordan. They set up roadblocks, publicly humiliated Jordanian police forces, molested women and levied illegal taxes—all of which Arafat either condoned or ignored.

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to the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp by Phalangist forces precipitated the Lebanese Civil War. Arafat was reluctant to respond with force, but many other Fatah and PLO members felt otherwise. For example, the DFLP carried out several attacks against the

1531:, a pro-Palestinian Jordanian cabinet member, and Fahd al-Khomeimi, the Saudi ambassador to Jordan, Arafat managed to enter Syria with nearly two thousand of his fighters. However, due to the hostility of relations between Arafat and Syrian President 2790:). Initially, Arafat's medical records were withheld by senior Palestinian officials, and Arafat's wife refused an autopsy believing that it went against Muslim practices. French doctors also said that Arafat suffered from a blood condition known as 2461: 2460: 2457: 5444: 5599: 2462: 2551:(a leader of al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades) emerged as a possible replacement during the Second Intifada, but Israel had him arrested for allegedly being involved in the killing of twenty-six civilians, and he was sentenced to five life terms. 7375: 2483:

and the other Islamist movements gaining support over Fatah. The complex and fragile web of relations between the US, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab states contributed also to Arafat's longevity as the leader of the Palestinians.

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and his skill as a tactician, given the extremely dangerous nature of politics of the Middle East and the frequency of assassinations. Some commentators believe his survival was largely due to Israel's fear that he could become a

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Under the Oslo Peace Accords, Israel undertook to deposit the VAT tax receipts on goods purchased by Palestinians into the Palestinian treasury. Until 2000, these monies were transferred directly to Arafat's personal accounts at

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accused Arafat and the PNA leadership of failing to adequately investigate abuses by the PSS (including torture and unlawful killings) against political opponents and dissidents as well as the arrests of human rights activists.

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Arafat and his family have always insisted that he was born 4 August 1929. in his mother's family home in Jerusalem. Nevertheless, an Egyptian birth registration exists, suggesting that he was born in Egypt on 24 August

2530:, a Hamas leader in Gaza, stated in September 2010 that Arafat had instructed Hamas to launch what he termed "military operations" against Israel in 2000 when Arafat felt that negotiations with Israel would not succeed. 14786: 1311:, especially after the collective Arab defeat in 1967. The operation was in response to attacks, including rockets strikes from Fatah and other Palestinian militias, within the Israeli-occupied West Bank. According to 1147:

security forces. Several other raids with Fatah's poorly trained and badly-equipped fighters followed this incident. Some were successful, others failed in their missions. Arafat often led these incursions personally.

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Jihad, Arafat attempted to direct the uprising, which lasted until 1992–93. Abu Jihad had previously been assigned the responsibility of the Palestinian territories within the PLO command and, according to biographer

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mourning prayers emitted from mosque loudspeakers throughout the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and tires burned in the streets. The Palestinian Authority and refugee camps in Lebanon declared 40 days of mourning.

6517: 2625:—began examining Arafat's finances. In its conclusions, the team claimed that part of the Palestinian leader's wealth was in a secret portfolio worth close to $ 1 billion, with investments in companies like a 1374:, financial donations increased significantly, and Fatah's weaponry and equipment improved. The group's numbers swelled as many young Arabs, including thousands of non-Palestinians, joined the ranks of Fatah. 983:

did so. However, Arafat dropped Abdel Rahman and Abdel Raouf from his name as well. During the early 1950s, Arafat adopted the name Yasser, and in the early years of Arafat's guerrilla career, he assumed the

1167:, but neither Arafat nor Jibril attended, delegating representatives to attend on their behalf. Urabi was killed during or after the meeting amid disputed circumstances. On the orders of Defense Minister 5440: 811:. Arafat's father battled in the Egyptian courts for 25 years to claim family land in Egypt as part of his inheritance but was unsuccessful. He worked as a textile merchant in Cairo's religiously mixed 5595: 6958: 1838:

to the Christians after a six-month siege in which thousands of Palestinians, mostly civilians, were killed. Arafat and Abu Jihad blamed themselves for not successfully organizing a rescue effort.

2356:. Palestinian-Israeli relations grew even more hostile as a result of continued conflict. Despite the Israel-PLO accord, Netanyahu opposed the idea of Palestinian statehood. In 1998, US President 8156: 7366: 4973: 14881: 2881:, citing security concerns. Israel also feared that his burial would strengthen Palestinian claims to East Jerusalem. Following the Cairo procession, Arafat was "temporarily" buried within the 2302: 7076: 2177:

Prior to signing the accords, Arafat—as Chairman of the PLO and its official representative—signed two letters renouncing violence and officially recognizing Israel. In return, Prime Minister

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Arafat's full name was Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini. Mohammed Abdel Rahman was his first name, Abdel Raouf was his father's name and Arafat his grandfather's.

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stood alone beside Arafat's coffin for about ten minutes in a last show of respect for Arafat, whom he hailed as "a man of courage". The next day, Arafat's body was flown from Paris aboard a

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On 27 November 2012, three teams of international investigators, a French, a Swiss, and a Russian team, collected samples from Arafat's body and the surrounding soil in the mausoleum in

2960:, disagreed with this claim, insisting that Arafat's record indicated that it was highly unlikely that the cause of his death was AIDS. Arafat's personal doctor Ashraf al-Kurdi and aide 1979:

During the 1980s, Arafat received financial assistance from Libya, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, which allowed him to reconstruct the badly damaged PLO. This was particularly useful during the

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for the Palestinian cause if he were assassinated or even arrested by Israel. Others believe that Israel refrained from taking action against Arafat because it feared Arafat less than

3827: 952:, when he was 61 and Suha, 27. Her mother introduced her to him in France, after which she worked as his secretary in Tunis. Prior to their marriage, Arafat adopted fifty Palestinian 1351:, which Israel had captured just 10 months prior, to be used a bargaining chip. Israel assumed that the Jordanian Army would ignore the invasion, but the latter fought alongside the 12632: 12353: 10635: 9020: 11378: 9119: 1944:. This time Arafat was expelled by a fellow Palestinian working under Hafez al-Assad. Arafat did not return to Lebanon after his second expulsion, though many Fatah fighters did. 7314: 2554:

Arafat was finally allowed to leave his compound on 2 May 2002 after intense negotiations led to a settlement: six PFLP militants, including the organization's secretary-general

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was a response to the PFLP's involvement in masterminding the latter attack. Two days later, various PLO factions retaliated by bombing a bus station, killing eleven civilians.

2458: 1234:, the Islamic Liberation Front and several Syrian-backed groups, virtually crumbled after their sponsor governments' defeat. Barely a week after the defeat, Arafat crossed the 1171:, a close friend of Urabi, Arafat was subsequently arrested, found guilty by a three-man jury and sentenced to death. However, he and his colleagues were pardoned by President 1068:

As Arafat began to develop friendships with Palestinian refugees (some of whom he knew from his Cairo days), he and the others gradually founded the group that became known as

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and other boycotts. Israel responded by confiscating large sums of money in house-to-house raids. As the Intifada came to a close, new armed Palestinian groups—in particular

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permanently, by stating, "Is it his homeland or ours? We were planted here before the Prophet Abraham came, but it looks like they don't understand history or geography."

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by an Israeli hit squad. Arafat had considered Abu Jihad as a PLO counterweight to local Palestinian leadership in the territories, and led a funeral procession for him in

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was the name of his tribe and al-Husseini was that of the clan to which the al-Qudwas belonged. The al-Husseini clan was based in Gaza and is not related to the well-known

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during this period. On 20 January 1996, Arafat was elected president of the PNA, with an overwhelming 88.2 percent majority (the other candidate was charity organizer

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and sent relief to displaced Jews. Arafat returned to Lebanon a year after his eviction from Beirut, this time establishing himself in the northern Lebanese city of

14876: 4316: 2062:. Though he had frequently been accused of and associated with terrorism, in speeches on 13 and 14 December Arafat repudiated 'terrorism in all its forms, including 1511:. A ceasefire was agreed upon between the two sides, but Nasser died of a massive heart attack hours after the summit, and the conflict resumed shortly afterward. 1203:

border. In the resulting skirmish, scores of Jordanian security forces were killed and 125 homes razed. This raid was one of several factors that led to the 1967

14856: 10575: 5415: 2968:. A senior Israeli physician concluded that Arafat died from food poisoning. Both Israeli and Palestinian officials have denied claims that Arafat was poisoned. 826:

Arafat's first visit to Jerusalem came when his father, unable to raise seven children alone, sent Yasser and his brother Fathi to their mother's family in the

12544: 12052: 3708: 2669: 1072:. The exact date for the establishment of Fatah is unknown. In 1959, the group's existence was attested to in the pages of a Palestinian nationalist magazine, 8232: 6063:"The Chaos of Corruption, Challenges for the improvement of the Palestinian Society: VI. PA security service, 1. Abuses, torture and infringements of the law" 2794:, although it is inconclusive what brought about the condition. When Arafat's death was announced, the Palestinian people went into a state of mourning, with 2211:—Arafat's usual source for financial backing—still refused to provide him and the PLO with any major donations for siding with Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War. 14891: 12709: 10788: 10628: 3288:(before Yasser Arafat's marriage): "Yasser Arafat is not married, but is called 'Abu 'Ammar' as an inversion of the name of the heroic early Muslim warrior ' 1116:

in 1961). These businessmen and oil workers contributed generously to the Fatah organization. Arafat continued this process in other Arab countries, such as

7402: 2901:—Arafat was reburied on the morning of 13 November at around 3:00 am. On 10 November 2007, prior to the third anniversary of Arafat's death, President 1671:

Also in 1974, the PLO was declared the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" and admitted to full membership of the Arab League at the

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offer was the return of a small number of refugees and compensation for those not allowed to return. Palestinians would also have "custodianship" over

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shortly after the verdict. The incident brought Assad and Arafat to unpleasant terms, which would surface later when Assad became President of Syria.

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In September 2005, an Israeli AIDS expert claimed that Arafat bore all the symptoms of AIDS based on obtained medical records. But others, including

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Because of Lebanon's weak central government, the PLO was able to operate virtually as an independent state. During this time in the 1970s, numerous

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From 1983 to 1993, Arafat based himself in Tunisia, and began to shift his approach from open conflict with the Israelis to negotiation. In 1988, he

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Since Arafat was raised in Cairo, the tradition of dropping the Mohammed or Ahmad portion of one's first name was common; notable Egyptians such as

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In the early 1990s, Arafat and leading Fatah officials engaged the Israeli government in a series of secret talks and negotiations that led to the

1408: 1324: 920:. By that time, Arafat had graduated with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and was called to duty to fight with Egyptian forces during the 897:

during the conflict). In early 1949, the war was winding down in Israel's favor, and Arafat returned to Cairo due to a lack of logistical support.

6832: 5114: 14846: 14841: 14776: 10644: 10520: 10510: 10492: 10486: 10482: 9105: 8282: 3447: 2227: 1648:

and Gaza Strip). This caused discontent among several of the PLO factions; the PFLP, DFLP and other parties formed a breakaway organization, the

373: 64: 6119: 5474: 3893: 14761: 10369: 10363: 10357: 10344: 10334: 10328: 10318: 10314: 10308: 10282: 7597: 5570: 4917: 2983:

polonium in quantities much higher than could occur naturally on Arafat's personal belongings. On 12 October 2013, the British medical journal

2889:; tens of thousands of Palestinians attended the ceremony. Arafat was buried in a stone, rather than wooden, coffin, and Palestinian spokesman 2582:

prepared to serve as a human shield. The compound remained under siege until Arafat's transfer to a French hospital, shortly before his death.

2239: 2067: 584: 3333: 1873:. There they hijacked a bus and sprayed gunfire inside and at passing vehicles, killing thirty-seven civilians. In response, the IDF launched 1687:

Today I have come bearing an olive branch in one hand and a freedom fighter's rifle in another. Do not let the green branch fall from my hand.

1092:

of the major Arab governments of the time, in contrast to other Palestinian factions, which often became satellites of nations such as Egypt,

14756: 14746: 14496: 13943: 12469: 11571: 11304: 10504: 9324: 6398: 4624: 4558: 3504: 2141: 1445: 1316: 1053:(at the time a British protectorate) and was approved, based on his work in civil engineering. There he encountered two Palestinian friends: 8707: 6318: 2285:

Throughout November and December 1995, Arafat toured dozens of Palestinian cities and towns that were evacuated by Israeli forces including

1932:. During the 1982 war, Arafat took measures to protect the Lebanese Jews, living in the country. He ordered the PLO fighters to protect the 1583:

PLO groups took up arms against Israel, carrying out attacks against civilians as well as military targets within Israel and outside of it.

11155: 10598: 7155: 6088: 6457: 1539:), the Palestinian fighters crossed the border into Lebanon to join PLO forces in that country, where they set up their new headquarters. 1499:, other Arab governments attempted to negotiate a peaceful resolution. As part of this effort, Gamal Abdel Nasser led the first emergency 1104:

groundwork for Fatah's future financial support, he enlisted contributions from the many wealthy Palestinians working in Kuwait and other

14771: 10265: 10259: 9533: 7013:

For a general overview of the crucial importance of foreign funding in the peace process, and the PNA's use of such aid, see Rex Brynen,

1865:—occurred on 11 March 1978. A force of nearly a dozen Fatah fighters landed their boats near a major coastal road connecting the city of 8148: 1503:

on 21 September. Arafat's speech drew sympathy from attending Arab leaders. Other heads of state took sides against Hussein, among them

1291:

Throughout 1968, Fatah and other Palestinian armed groups were the target of a major Israeli army operation in the Jordanian village of

1123:

In 1962, Arafat and his closest companions migrated to Syria—a country sharing a border with Israel—which had recently seceded from its

14806: 14451: 13879: 12584: 10590: 10580: 3017: 2611: 12345: 7863: 5141: 1983:

in December 1987, which began as an uprising of Palestinians against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The word

764:

who symbolized the national aspirations of his people, while many Israelis regarded him as a terrorist. Palestinian rivals, including

14861: 14446: 12243: 11859: 10781: 10001: 9844: 2269:(PSS), that became active on 13 May 1994. It was mainly composed of PLA soldiers and foreign Palestinian volunteers. Arafat assigned 1572: 1364:–confirm that he urged his men throughout the battle to hold their ground and continue fighting. The battle was covered in detail by 7911: 7759: 7340: 4493:

Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, The: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History

2254:

or cabinet composed of twenty members. Arafat also replaced and assigned mayors and city councils for major cities such as Gaza and

721:. He engaged in a series of negotiations with the Israeli government to end the conflict between it and the PLO. These included the 14751: 14576: 14506: 14471: 11374: 11206: 11163: 10969: 10585: 10139: 10019: 9556: 8362: 8305: 7130: 3641:

for more information. Some believe also that the Jerusalem birthplace might have been a little known rumor created by the KGB (see

2418:

in January 2001; this time, Ehud Barak pulled out of the talks to campaign in the Israeli elections. In October and December 2001,

1778:

to fight alongside right-wing Christian forces against the PLO and the LNM. The primary components of the Christian front were the

4862: 3478: 2538:

funding for al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades' activities. The report implicated Arafat in the "planning and execution of terror attacks".

1967:, leaving 73 people dead; Arafat had gone out jogging that morning. The following year Arafat had his operational headquarters in 14436: 12759: 12518: 11723: 9645: 9074: 6211: 4687: 2350: 2250:

was published, in three different versions by the PLO. Arafat proceeded with creating a structure for the PNA. He established an

1766:

feared a loss of influence in Lebanon and switched sides. He sent his army, along with the Syrian-backed Palestinian factions of

1695:

throughout his speech, although it did not contain a gun. His speech increased international sympathy for the Palestinian cause.

1656: 1214:

on 5 June 1967. The war ended in an Arab defeat and Israel's occupation of several Arab territories, including the West Bank and

411: 7042: 6547: 5846: 14811: 13948: 12797: 12101: 10680: 9802: 8986: 2791: 908:(GUPS) from 1952 to 1956. During his first year as president of the union, the university was renamed Cairo University after a 823:

was the family home of his mother, Zahwa Abul Saud, who died from a kidney ailment in 1933, when Arafat was four years of age.

612: 5735: 12766: 12218: 10069: 10053: 9949: 8976: 8663: 8614: 8590: 8565: 8542: 8518: 8494: 8472: 8331: 7885: 7843: 7562: 6030: 5903: 5814: 5712: 5376: 5322: 5185: 4957: 4896: 4671: 4608: 4412: 4239: 4201: 4145: 4111: 4083: 4049: 4021: 3537: 3415: 3343: 2645:

reported that Arafat and the PLO held over $ 10 billion in assets even at the time when he was publicly claiming bankruptcy.

905: 659: 14074: 1552: 14851: 14836: 14821: 14796: 14114: 10774: 9913: 7511: 5514: 2122: 686:

and continued its attacks on Israel, resulting in the organization becoming a major target of Israeli invasions during the

8024:

Froidevaux, P.; Baechler, S.; Bailat, C. J.; Castella, V.; Augsburger, M.; Michaud, K.; Mangin, P.; Bochud, F. O. (2013).

757:

has remained the subject of speculation, investigations by Russian and French teams determined no foul play was involved.

14886: 14486: 14431: 10797: 10132: 9993: 9866: 6670: 6045: 5970: 3027: 2419: 2039: 1389:

of the Palestinian Revolutionary Forces two years later, and in 1973, became the head of the PLO's political department.

1355:, opening heavy fire that inflicted losses upon the Israeli forces. This engagement marked the first known deployment of 893:, although he did not join the organization. He took part in combat in the Gaza area (which was the main battleground of 4377: 3460: 2742:

leaders were believed to be staying. Later renamed "Operation Goldfish", Israeli operatives followed Israeli journalist

2558:, wanted by Israel, who had been holed up with Arafat in his compound, would be transferred to international custody in 2026:. The local leadership in some West Bank towns commenced non-violent protests against Israeli occupation by engaging in 14781: 14426: 12608: 11959: 11825: 11238: 10253: 10177: 10045: 10009: 9405: 9319: 9067: 8747: 8210: 7947: 6569: 698: 8126: 7310: 14831: 14816: 14568: 14491: 12790: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12094: 11440: 10723: 9929: 9314: 8822: 8698: 8636: 8025: 7456: 6599: 6244: 5282: 4803: 4535: 4501: 4326: 4266: 3189: 3146: 2059: 1660: 1132: 754: 535: 3700: 1084:

which translates into "The Palestinian National Liberation Movement". "Fatah" is also a word that was used in early

14871: 14766: 14356: 14348: 14012: 12649: 10097: 10079: 10061: 6594:

Taylor & Francis Group (2004) Europa World Year Book 2: Kazakhstan-Zimbabwe Published by Taylor & Francis,

4491: 3098: 2830:. A military band played the French and Palestinian national anthems, and a Chopin funeral march. French President 2502:

Arafat's ability to adapt to new tactical and political situations was perhaps tested by the rise of the Hamas and

1599: 1471: 710: 505: 431: 7285: 6514:"The Involvement of Arafat, PA Senior Officials and Apparatuses in Terrorism against Israel- Corruption and Crime" 4256: 2684:

that Arafat used several million dollars of aid money to buy weapons and support militant groups. During Israel's

14896: 14866: 12486: 11234: 10852: 10500: 9705: 9586: 9344: 8998: 8803: 8789: 7398: 5341: 3292:. The idea, presumably, that if Yasser Arafat had a son, he would or should be as heroic as the earlier Ammar ", 2931:

Numerous theories have circulated regarding Arafat's death, with the most prominent being poisoning (possibly by

2523: 2494:

that because of his fear of assassination by the Israelis, he never slept in the same place two nights in a row.

2470:

Arafat's long personal and political survival was taken by most Western commentators as a sign of his mastery of

2243: 2208: 1680: 1105: 14094: 3529:

Eighteen Years in Lebanon and Two Intifadas: The Israeli Defense Force and the U.S. Army Operational Environment

2751:, a founder of the Hamas movement, Sharon stated in April 2004 that "this commitment of mine no longer exists." 1664:

claimed that Arafat was in ultimate control over these organizations and therefore had not abandoned terrorism.

292: 14516: 14278: 13872: 13255: 12146: 10496: 10426: 10420: 10298: 10156: 8904: 8389: 8179: 2893:

said that Arafat would be reburied in East Jerusalem following the establishment of a Palestinian state. After

2223: 2193:

of the PLO allied itself with Islamists in a common opposition against the agreements. It was rejected also by

1460:. The Jordanian government moved to regain control over its territory, and the next day, King Hussein declared 1026: 913: 616: 558: 13669: 11747: 10348: 10205: 9939: 9334: 9015: 7098: 5441:"133 Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa – Tel Aviv Road" 5231: 2846:

there, attended by several heads of states, prime ministers and foreign ministers. Egypt's top Muslim cleric

2574:

for Arafat's possible expulsion in the near future, and many feared for his life. Israeli peace activists of

2072: 1759:, who had a friendly relationship with Arafat and other PLO leaders. Although originally aligned with Fatah, 570: 20: 14084: 14064: 14044: 7425: 4430:"GUERRILLAS BACK AT JORDAN CAMP; Attack by Israelis Failed to Destroy Base at Karameh or Wipe Out Commandos" 3633:

indicate Cairo as Arafat's place of birth, but others list his birthplace as Jerusalem as well as Gaza. See

2181:, on behalf of Israel, officially recognized the PLO. The following year, Arafat and Rabin were awarded the 321: 48: 14826: 14461: 14421: 14411: 13960: 13078: 12441: 10087: 9653: 9370: 9309: 9239: 9032: 9006: 8894: 6992: 6066: 5088: 4290: 2969: 2534: 2004: 1740:

Although hesitant at first to take sides in the conflict, Arafat and Fatah played an important role in the

1587: 1457: 1449: 1378: 1160: 667: 13977: 12590: 5044: 3634: 1987:

in Arabic is literally translated as "tremor"; however, it is generally defined as an uprising or revolt.

14586: 14416: 14406: 13617: 12719: 12578: 12377: 11631: 10292: 9862: 9747: 6818: 6647: 4318:

Fortress Israel: The Inside Story of the Military Elite Who Run the Country—and Why They Can't Make Peace

3850: 3402: 2674: 2615: 2266: 1874: 1760: 687: 463: 7211: 4705: 2656:

and Bill Clinton, stated that Arafat's "walking-around money" financed a vast patronage system known as

14791: 14557: 14550: 14481: 14160: 13922: 12375: 11711: 10912: 10438: 10416: 10352: 6842: 5118: 4663: 3959:

Aburish says the date of Fatah's founding is unclear but claims in 1959 it was exposed by its magazine.

3597: 2776: 2692:

militants. The Palestinians claimed that the counterfeit money was confiscated from criminal elements.

2685: 2519: 1921: 1752: 1745: 1641: 1328: 1269:

took his place and invited Arafat to join the organization. Fatah was allocated 33 of 105 seats of the

1062: 679: 2936: 2215:—a key Fatah negotiator during the negotiations in Oslo—publicly announced that the PLO was bankrupt. 1861:

PLO cross-border raids against Israel grew during the late 1970s. One of the most severe—known as the

772:, frequently denounced him as corrupt or too submissive in his concessions to the Israeli government. 14710: 14511: 14401: 14298: 13987: 13965: 13865: 13349: 12639: 12572: 12142: 10404: 10288: 10235: 10183: 9884: 9578: 9304: 9090: 5466: 5314: 3901: 3642: 2642: 2503: 2247: 2235: 2035: 1484: 1465: 1296: 1223: 1128: 874: 722: 655: 7589: 4137: 2713:

on which he was believed to be traveling. The assassination was initially assigned to Caesarea, the

1385:

stepped down from his chairmanship of the PLO. Arafat was elected chairman on 4 February. He became

14019: 13794: 12624: 12401: 12127: 10613: 10199: 10195: 9985: 9967: 9874: 9768: 9154: 8971: 6018: 5272: 5202: 2979: 2587: 2353: 2166: 1933: 1787: 1723: 1698:

Following recognition, Arafat established relationships with a variety of world leaders, including

1434: 1254: 1227: 909: 478: 11583: 11563: 7619: 6408: 5919: 4632: 4574: 1045:" forces there—including Arafat. Arafat originally attempted to obtain a visa to Canada and later 678:'s Jordanian government and in the early 1970s it relocated to Lebanon. There, Fatah assisted the 666:

1967 he joined the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and in 1969 was elected chair of the

14672: 14591: 14376: 12813: 12514: 12431: 12278: 11478: 10466: 10241: 9269: 8582: 6865: 6326: 5544: 2847: 2765: 2591: 2251: 1672: 1568: 1500: 1488: 1270: 1196: 718: 10710: 7163: 6302: 6147: 6096: 6006: 5656: 5368: 5361: 5259: 5076: 5007: 4949: 4943: 4849: 4742: 3880: 3763: 2764:

military helicopter and from there to France on a French military plane. He was admitted to the

2364:

detailed the steps to be taken by the Israeli government and PNA to complete the peace process.

1444:

Despite Hussein's intervention, militant actions in Jordan continued. On 15 September 1970, the

1195:, in response to a Fatah-implemented roadside bomb attack which had killed three members of the 1143:, Fatah's armed wing, attempted to infiltrate Israel, but they were intercepted and detained by 14731: 14099: 13299: 13193: 12463: 12193: 12070: 12059: 12040: 12025: 12014: 12003: 11988: 11977: 11966: 11955: 11940: 11929: 11918: 11899: 11888: 11877: 11866: 11851: 11836: 11821: 11810: 11799: 11788: 11773: 11458: 11447: 11436: 11425: 11417: 11408: 11396: 11389: 11385: 11108: 10880: 10876: 10816: 10448: 10444: 9921: 9852: 9836: 9828: 9202: 7835: 6465: 5019: 4175: 3956: 3941: 3748: 3207: 2951: 2918: 2514:

An attack carried out by Hamas militants in March 2002 killed 29 Israeli civilians celebrating

2431:

in the Palestinian territories. In the same month, Sharon ordered Arafat to be confined to his

2388: 2376: 1889: 1835: 1621:, Black September kidnapped and killed eleven Israeli athletes. A number of sources, including 1610:, killing twenty-four civilians. Israel later claimed that the assassination of PFLP spokesman 949: 730: 658:. Following the defeat of Arab forces, Arafat returned to Cairo and served as president of the 515: 488: 359: 7484: 7027: 6384: 6369: 5895: 5177: 5171: 4013: 3688: 2051:

entity from our land and liberating it." However, in early 1976, at a meeting with US Senator

14657: 14391: 14386: 14263: 14243: 14054: 14024: 13168: 12947: 12887: 12871: 12435: 11903: 11535: 11147: 10888: 10544: 10217: 9739: 9395: 9360: 9249: 9192: 8981: 8464: 8431: 6751:"Opinion | Israel and Palestine : The real obstacle to peace is Sharon, not Arafat" 6354: 5819: 4131: 3527: 3388: 3093: 3083: 2897:

discovered that Arafat was buried improperly and in a coffin—which is not in accordance with

2894: 2614:

Chief alleged that Arafat's personal wealth was in the range of US$ 1.3 billion. In 2003 the

2278: 1862: 1231: 863: 846:

and graduated in 1950. At university, he engaged Jews in discussion and read publications by

831: 8767: 8097: 7707: 6723: 5302: 4976:. Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. 8 June 1974. Archived from 3978:. Brighton, Portland: Sussex Academic Press (Jaffee Centre for Strategic Studies), pp. 29–30 3733: 2759:

The first reports of Arafat's failing health by his doctors for what his spokesman said was

14741: 14736: 14692: 14662: 14622: 14617: 14521: 14396: 14233: 13660: 13333: 13209: 13140: 13120: 13116: 13102: 12971: 12528: 12257: 12018: 11004: 10924: 10836: 10526: 10432: 10107: 9975: 9810: 9679: 9512: 9455: 9380: 9365: 9254: 8336: 7916: 7804: 7271: 6159: 4913: 3775: 2866: 2432: 2392: 2361: 2103:

during a sandstorm. Two pilots and an engineer were killed; Arafat was bruised and shaken.

1995: 1964: 1916: 1814: 1618: 1607: 1257:

and Arafat was declared by Nasser to be the "leader of the Palestinians." In December 1967

1124: 1042: 886: 867: 815:. Arafat was the second-youngest of seven children and was, along with his younger brother 750: 745:, in 1994. At the time, Fatah's support among the Palestinians declined with the growth of 448: 426: 552: 8: 14682: 14039: 13972: 13832: 12725: 12407: 10824: 10304: 10229: 10211: 10189: 9713: 9025: 8782: 7921: 7767: 6784: 4757: 3855: 2748: 2723: 2709:

Arafat, including attempting to intercept and shoot down private aircraft and commercial

2428: 2396: 2194: 2052: 1675:. Arafat became the first representative of a non-governmental organization to address a 1200: 1076:(Our Palestine, The Call of Life), which was written and edited by Abu Jihad. FaTaH is a 878: 855: 12540: 11715: 11663: 11358: 11096: 7236: 5815:"Yasser Arafat, Speech at UN General Assembly Geneva, General Assembly 13 December 1988" 4349: 3359: 2923: 2027: 1563: 14687: 14667: 14627: 14543: 14526: 14501: 14308: 14119: 14109: 14089: 14059: 14034: 13062: 13038: 12995: 12963: 12667: 12425: 12413: 12201: 12133: 12048: 11970: 11296: 11222: 11139: 11034: 10868: 10860: 10514: 10470: 10338: 9721: 9571: 9410: 9299: 8873: 8867: 8752: 8741: 8692: 8557: 8504: 8061: 7461: 5800: 5729:"Margaret P. Grafeld Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review" 5621: 4656: 4099: 4075: 3626: 3554: 2965: 2956: 2787: 2730: 2507: 2471: 2346: 2246:. In July, after the PNA was declared the official government of the Palestinians, the 2190: 1960: 1925: 1896: 1741: 1719: 1649: 1580: 1476: 1386: 1211: 1022: 890: 859: 769: 706: 683: 651: 453: 440: 212: 14303: 8508: 8041: 7998: 6215: 4007: 2566:

in order to isolate Arafat. In March 2003, Arafat ceded his post as Prime Minister to

2071:

away from one of the PLO's primary aims—the destruction of Israel (as entailed in the

885:

and the creation of the state of Israel. However, instead of joining the ranks of the

14647: 14338: 14273: 14188: 14168: 13536: 13489: 13481: 13465: 13421: 13397: 13309: 13225: 13201: 13160: 13144: 13094: 13086: 13011: 12939: 12831: 12674: 12596: 12457: 12162: 12153: 11944: 11829: 11647: 11342: 11326: 11288: 11069: 11061: 10940: 10900: 10801: 10766: 10476: 10381: 10171: 9671: 9637: 9390: 9177: 8949: 8731: 8669: 8659: 8642: 8632: 8610: 8586: 8576: 8561: 8538: 8514: 8490: 8468: 8053: 8045: 7839: 7828: 7645: 7536: 7263: 7185: 6758: 6700: 6595: 6539: 6487: 6430: 6268: 6185: 6026: 5899: 5888: 5858: 5708: 5372: 5318: 5278: 5181: 4953: 4892: 4885: 4819: 4799: 4667: 4604: 4566: 4531: 4497: 4408: 4322: 4262: 4235: 4232:

Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993

4207: 4197: 4141: 4107: 4079: 4045: 4037: 4017: 3533: 3411: 3339: 3022: 2961: 2657: 2653: 2563: 2330: 2182: 2150: 2019: 2018:

The most common tactic used by Palestinians during the Intifada was throwing stones,

1957: 1956:, until 1993. In 1985 Arafat narrowly survived an Israeli assassination attempt when 1834:, a Phalangist stronghold where they massacred 684 people and wounded many more. The 1603: 1591: 1480: 1438: 1429: 1344: 1336: 1286: 1085: 901: 894: 734: 675: 401: 10992: 8604: 8532: 8065: 4459:

Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel's Security and Foreign Policy

3638: 1159:, was killed. Urabi had been chairing a meeting to ease tensions between Arafat and 753:

for over two years by the Israeli army, Arafat fell into a coma and died. While the

14581: 14288: 14253: 14223: 14218: 14193: 14002: 13888: 13473: 13413: 13341: 13152: 13128: 13124: 12226: 12063: 11948: 11870: 11655: 11591: 11131: 11088: 11038: 11000: 10564: 10387: 9959: 9786: 9629: 9159: 9011: 8943: 8817: 8600: 8341: 8037: 7976: 7674: 6837: 5854: 5673: 3163: 3157: 3120: 3061: 3047: 2843: 2835: 2827: 2772:, a suburb of Paris. On 3 November, he had lapsed into a gradually deepening coma. 2622: 2555: 2548: 2527: 1941: 1904: 1884: 1733: 1611: 1557: 851: 843: 827: 691: 639: 620: 483: 473: 468: 396: 271: 11492: 10832: 7566: 7015:

A Very Political Economy: Peacebuilding and Foreign Aid in the West Bank and Gaza,

5946:"Israel-PLO Recognition: Exchange of Letters Between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat" 5945: 5824: 5409:

Perhaps 3,000 Palestinians, mostly civilians, died in the siege and its aftermath.

3976:

Fatah and the Politics of Violence: The Institutionalization of a Popular Struggle

1822:. In 1976, an alliance of Christian militias with the backing of the Lebanese and 1523:, were forced into the northern corner of Jordan. They relocated near the town of 14632: 14601: 14596: 14441: 14381: 14328: 14258: 14238: 14213: 14203: 14104: 13982: 13777: 13701: 13625: 13441: 13321: 13313: 13279: 13185: 13177: 13164: 13054: 13003: 12987: 12979: 12911: 12879: 12839: 12753: 12713: 12566: 12419: 12263: 12044: 11911: 11814: 11639: 11527: 11504: 11484: 11057: 11012: 10570: 10223: 9905: 9776: 9687: 9289: 9173: 8966: 8712: 7731: 7729: 6928: 6403: 5310: 4974:"Political Program Adopted at the 12th Session of the Palestine National Council" 4191: 4187: 3971: 3630: 3443: 3289: 3198: 3075: 2823: 2783: 2680:

Fuad Shubaki, former financial aide to Arafat, told the Israeli security service

2634: 2490: 2411: 2270: 2063: 1908: 1846: 1831: 1795: 1676: 1630: 1508: 1504: 1496: 1398: 1366: 1300: 1058: 1030: 1000:. Although he dropped most of his inherited names, he retained Arafat due to its 989: 917: 749:

and other militant rivals. In late 2004, after effectively being confined within

671: 520: 458: 406: 13148: 12532: 12502: 11280: 7738:"Israeli Mossad poisoned Arafat through his medications, says Bassam Abu Sharif" 7073:"Documents seized during Operation Defensive Shield linking Arafat to Terrorism" 5522: 4069: 3974:

state Fatah's first formal meeting was in October 1959. See Anat N. Kurz (2005)

3505:"Yasser Arafat investigation: Russian probe finds death not caused by radiation" 2533:

Some Israeli government officials opined in 2002 that the armed Fatah sub-group

2447:

supported Sharon's action, claiming that Arafat was "an obstacle to the peace."

1881:. The IDF achieved this goal, and Arafat withdrew PLO forces north into Beirut. 1877:

three days later, with the goal of taking control of Southern Lebanon up to the

1327:(DFLP), to withdraw their forces from the town. Though advised by a sympathetic 14637: 14476: 14371: 14366: 14333: 14323: 14313: 14283: 14208: 14198: 14079: 14007: 13902: 13804: 13767: 13677: 13642: 13588: 13523: 13519: 13457: 13353: 13337: 13238: 13070: 12915: 12903: 12895: 12855: 12536: 12480: 12476: 12453: 12232: 12207: 12033: 11922: 11844: 11777: 11703: 11675: 11671: 11547: 11523: 11451: 11350: 11334: 10984: 10736: 9820: 9794: 9663: 9491: 9486: 9460: 9294: 9049: 8961: 8956: 8775: 6929:"Arafat's Billions: One Man's Quest To Track Down Unaccounted-For Public Funds" 6214:. The State of Israel (Translated from Hebrew). 23 October 1998. Archived from 5778: 5700: 5625: 4003: 3461:"Yasser Arafat: French rule out foul play in former Palestinian leader's death" 2947: 2831: 2638: 2444: 2083: 2082:

in 1990–91, when the Intifada's intensity began to wear down, Arafat supported

1980: 1892: 1783: 1763: 1756: 1699: 1645: 1532: 1412: 1356: 1320: 1258: 1168: 985: 702: 624: 601: 421: 415: 281: 12447: 11623: 11496: 11429: 7726: 6678: 2853: 1238:

in disguise and entered the West Bank, where he set up recruitment centers in

803:, Egypt. His father, Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini, was a Palestinian from 14725: 14642: 14268: 14248: 14135: 14049: 13816: 13751: 13742: 13621: 13607: 13544: 13527: 13449: 13433: 13429: 13405: 13389: 13283: 13271: 13156: 13136: 13132: 13112: 12955: 12931: 12847: 12492: 12251: 12182: 12086: 11992: 11907: 11739: 11727: 11687: 11555: 11366: 11253: 11123: 11073: 10892: 10844: 10754: 10742: 10660: 10029: 9613: 9465: 9234: 8889: 8843: 8482: 8049: 6762: 5792: 4887:

Striking Back: The 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and Israel's Deadly Response

4570: 4065: 3622: 3285: 2902: 2779:

on 11 November 2004 at the age of 75 of what French doctors called a massive

2567: 2422:

increased and Israeli counter strikes intensified. Following the election of

2306: 2301:, declaring them "liberated". The PNA also gained control of the West Bank's 2274: 2178: 2126: 2100: 2023: 1991: 1870: 1850: 1819: 1806: 1382: 1348: 1335:

In response to persistent PLO raids against Israeli civilian targets, Israel

1266: 1219: 1152: 1113: 980: 847: 738: 154: 142: 110: 90: 12692: 8673: 8646: 5596:"92 Press Conference Following Israel Air Force Attack on PLO base in Tunis" 5157:"All Yasser Arafat had in his holster at the UN was a pair of dark glasses." 4527:

Aviation and Airport Security: Terrorism and Safety Concerns, Second Edition

4211: 2226:(PNA)—the provisional entity created by the Oslo Accords. Arafat became the 1952:

Arafat and Fatah's center for operations was based in Tunis, the capital of

1744:. Succumbing to pressure from PLO sub-groups such as the PFLP, DFLP and the 760:

Arafat remains a controversial figure. Palestinians generally view him as a

14787:

Members of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization

14677: 14318: 14178: 14173: 14029: 13955: 13907: 13844: 13759: 13738: 13725: 13717: 13693: 13685: 13568: 13560: 13505: 13373: 13317: 13263: 13242: 13217: 13046: 12923: 12863: 12782: 12735: 12655: 12562: 12176: 11881: 11840: 11803: 11792: 11755: 11683: 11599: 11462: 11261: 11214: 10920: 10820: 10410: 9729: 9507: 9339: 9284: 9197: 8736: 8624: 8528: 8457: 8452: 8149:"Yasser Arafat's remains exhumed for death investigation, Palestinians say" 8057: 7780: 6483: 5883: 5770: 5496: 5298: 5203:"Big Daddy's boy: Idi Amin's son jailed in Britain over Somali gang murder" 4939: 4127: 3967: 3306: 2972: 2874: 2726: 2661: 2590:, Arafat responded to Ariel Sharon's suggestion that he be exiled from the 2423: 2357: 2334: 2186: 2162: 2154: 2146: 2134: 2130: 2000: 1878: 1810: 1802: 1791: 1779: 1775: 1767: 1634: 1416: 1352: 1312: 1235: 1164: 1054: 1049:, but was unsuccessful in both attempts. In 1957, he applied for a visa to 1046: 1001: 816: 787: 742: 726: 643: 510: 12390: 8687: 6251: 5670:

An Analysis of the Strategies and Tactics of the Palestinians and Israelis

4796:

The Conscience of Lebanon: A Political Biography of Ettiene Sakr (Abu-Arz)

877:, Arafat left the university and, along with other Arabs, sought to enter 733:. The success of the negotiations in Oslo led to Arafat being awarded the 14293: 14150: 13997: 13992: 13938: 13917: 13789: 13781: 13381: 13345: 13329: 13291: 12602: 12554: 12524: 12508: 12118: 12029: 11996: 11615: 11579: 11543: 11104: 10460: 9621: 9594: 9450: 9244: 8938: 8899: 8860: 7972: 7457:"The Death of Arafat: An Emotion-Driven Flock Storms the Burial Ceremony" 7367:"Yasser Arafat medical records show health was blamed on gastroenteritis" 5752: 4880: 4823: 2890: 2820: 2780: 2706: 2649: 2575: 2415: 2391:

in July 2000. Due partly to his own politics (Barak was from the leftist

2212: 2042:, and internal fighting amongst the Palestinians increased dramatically. 1823: 1536: 1528: 1461: 1204: 1172: 1156: 1136: 1018: 976: 945: 924:; however, he never actually fought. Later that year, at a conference in 921: 812: 234: 95: 12767:

Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture

9059: 5948:. U.S. State Department Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. 3 September 1993 3069: 1841: 782: 543: 14228: 14145: 14140: 14069: 13836: 13656: 13580: 13497: 13325: 13246: 13019: 12558: 12548: 12007: 11892: 11781: 10932: 10247: 9168: 8727: 8718: 6954: 6314: 6065:. The Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group (PHRMG). Archived from 6048: 5687:

A Matter of Justice: Tax Resistance in Beit Sahour-Nonviolent Sanctions

5167: 4405:

Once an Arafat Man: The True Story of How a PLO Sniper Found a New Life

3240:

Muḥammad Yāsir ʿAbd ar-Raḥman ʿAbd ar-Raʾūf ʿArafāt al-Qudwa al-Ḥusaynī

2985: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2665: 2621:

However, in 2003, a team of American accountants—hired by Arafat's own

2604: 2384: 2372: 2338: 2325: 2259: 2170: 2113:

Palestinian views on the peace process § Yasser Arafat and the PLO

2096: 2008: 1371: 1253:

At the same time, Nasser contacted Arafat through the former's adviser

1215: 1077: 1034: 969: 266: 5345: 4465: 3820:"Arafat's widow tried to leave Palestinian leader 'hundreds of times'" 2262:

to control most aid money towards helping the new Palestinian entity.

600:(4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his 13912: 13824: 13812: 13572: 12703: 11735: 11226: 10375: 9279: 9229: 2906: 2878: 2862: 2858: 2795: 2760: 2626: 2294: 2219: 2092: 1920:

Arafat and the PLO—guarded by a multinational force of eight hundred

1749: 1683:. In his United Nations address, Arafat condemned Zionism, but said: 1622: 1520: 1274: 1243: 1188: 1140: 1038: 820: 804: 714: 10643: 8631:(Rev. and updated ed.). New York: Continuum. pp. 166–171. 8283:"Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat was murdered with polonium: widow" 7679:"Arafat's doctor: There was HIV in his blood, but poison killed him" 7678: 5757:

20:21 Vision: Twentieth-Century Lessons for the Twenty-First Century

5305:

The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians

4945:

Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001

4694:. 6 February 1969. p. 9 – via Google News Archive Search. 4489: 3965:. McKay, p.58; Schiff and Rothstein claim Fatah was founded in 1959. 1728: 1655:

Israel and the US have alleged also that Arafat was involved in the

14652: 14361: 13857: 13634: 13552: 13234: 12731: 8914: 8909: 8102: 8002: 7649: 7540: 7189: 6543: 6491: 6434: 6272: 6189: 6163: 6093:

Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs

5974: 5850: 5629: 5470: 4133:

Six Days of War, June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East

3779: 3222: 2994: 2940: 2932: 2886: 2812: 2710: 2681: 2630: 2515: 2436: 2290: 2079: 2012: 1990:

The first stage of the Intifada began following an incident at the

1703: 1516: 1448:(part of the PLO) hijacked four planes and landed three of them at 1403: 1250:, and began attracting both fighters and financiers for his cause. 993: 929: 765: 6397:

Prager, Karsten; Murray J. Gart; Yasser Arafat (7 November 1988).

13785: 13709: 12614: 11855: 10454: 9445: 9400: 9375: 8394: 8184: 6396: 4658:

The Palestine Liberation Organisation: People, Power and Politics

3701:"Yasser Arafat: Homeland a dream for Palestinian Authority Chief" 2882: 2769: 2719: 2559: 2497: 2404: 2298: 1968: 1953: 1692: 1340: 1292: 1192: 1144: 882: 497: 201: 8023: 6749:

Shlaim, Avi; Tribune, International Herald (24 September 2003).

12747: 11400: 9435: 9430: 9187: 9182: 8919: 8762: 8722: 8702: 8442: 3410:. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 269–272. 2997:, to carry out an investigation independently from each other. 2898: 2714: 2689: 2579: 2518:, including many senior citizens. In response, Israel launched 2476: 2440: 2255: 2106: 2087: 2038:(PIJ)—began targeting Israeli civilians with the new tactic of 1937: 1827: 1772:

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command

1707: 1595: 1524: 1361: 1304: 1247: 1239: 1210:

The Six-Day war began when Israel launched air strikes against

1184: 1050: 997: 953: 933: 925: 761: 647: 14882:

Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class

5620:

Middle East International No 289, 5 December 1986; Publishers

3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3408:

Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: A–C

3126: 2975:

ruled out poisoning after talks with Arafat's French doctors.

2826:

held a brief ceremony for Arafat, with his coffin draped in a

2807: 2729:

created a special task force code named "Salt Fish" headed by

2700: 2007:. On 16 April 1988, as the Intifada was raging, Abu Jihad was 1911:

and bombarded by the IDF; Arafat declared the city to be the "

1659:, in which five diplomats and five others were killed. A 1973 1183:

On 13 November 1966, Israel launched a major raid against the

932:–different from the fishnet-patterned one he adopted later in 14456: 9470: 9440: 9385: 9274: 9264: 9206: 9163: 8799: 8797: 6959:"MI chief: terror groups trying hard to pull off mega-attack" 6294: 6292: 6290: 4071:

Behind the Myth: Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution

3556:

Palestinian Politics after Arafat: A Failed National Movement

3228:

Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini

3178: 2839: 2480: 2399: 2310: 2286: 2031: 1929: 1912: 1866: 1854: 1479:(center) mediating an agreement between Arafat and Jordanian 1453: 1420: 1117: 1109: 1097: 1069: 965: 808: 800: 746: 638:, Egypt, where he spent most of his youth. He studied at the 635: 628: 222: 174:

Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini

7099:"Israel Claims Finding Evidence Against Arafat – 2002-04-03" 6989:"Arafat Diverted $ 900 Million to Private Account, IMF Says" 3169: 2466:

Footage of Arafat speaking and meeting international leaders

2201: 354: 13652: 12741: 3663: 3621:

Not certain; Disputed; Most sources including Tony Walker,

3563: 3172: 3129: 1308: 1093: 11608:

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

7339:

Erlanger, Steven; Altman, Lawrence K. (8 September 2005).

6287: 3572:"Palestinians May Exhume Arafat After Report of Poisoning" 2383:

Arafat continued negotiations with Netanyahu's successor,

1809:. His death from his wounds, the following month, and the 1713: 1464:. On the same day, Arafat became supreme commander of the 8534:

Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest

8026:"Improving forensic investigation for polonium poisoning" 7784: 6893:"Bush dismisses Arafat as Partner, Pushes for New Leader" 5926:. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 4 May 1994 5571:"Lebanese Jew Reached Out to Arafat to Protect Synagogue" 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3704: 3135: 2265:

Arafat established a Palestinian police force, named the

1813:

of 27 Palestinians and Lebanese travelling on a bus from

1586:

Two major incidents occurred in 1972. The Fatah subgroup

364: 12693:

Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

8390:"Arafat did not die of poisoning, French tests conclude" 8225: 7311:"Palestinians may exhume Yasser Arafat's body for tests" 7291:. French Republic Ministry for Defence. 18 November 2004 7028:"Backgrounder: Corruption in the PLO's Financial Empire" 6120:"Obituary: Yasir Arafat, Palestinian Leader, Dies at 75" 5598:. Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1 November 1985. 4841: 4839: 4837: 4402: 4136:. New York: The Random House Publishing Group. pp. 2058:

On 15 November 1988, the PLO proclaimed the independent

2003:, had "impressive knowledge of local conditions" in the 8629:

The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East

7512:"Arafat Dies at 75; No Successor Set; West Bank Burial" 2850:

led mourning prayers preceding the funeral procession.

1556:

Yasser Arafat visits East Germany in 1971; background:

12391:

Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

10796: 8574: 7590:"Grave site for Arafat is another point of contention" 5020:"The Seizure of the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Khartoum" 4154: 4036: 3916: 1830:. The PLO and LNM retaliated by attacking the town of 1437:. Arafat refused, citing his belief in the need for a 1295:, where the Fatah headquarters—as well as a mid-sized 670:(PNC). Fatah's growing presence in Jordan resulted in 12710:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

12487:

United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia

9127: 7999:"Yasser Arafat: Palestinians call for poison inquiry" 7991: 7860:"Arafat's Widow Alleges 'Criminal Scheme' over Death" 7830:

Presidential leadership, illness, and decision making

7760:"Arafat's aide: New information on president's death" 7075:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 April 2002. 6516:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The State of Israel. 6458:"Arafat ordered Hamas attacks against Israel in 2000" 5878: 5876: 5443:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12 March 1978. 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 4834: 4282: 3497: 3190: 3175: 3147: 3132: 1748:(PLF), Arafat aligned the PLO with the Communist and 11934:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

8306:"Arafat's body loaded with polonium, say scientists" 8233:"Swiss Team: Arafat Poisoned to Death With Polonium" 7886:"Palestinians head to Paris to probe Arafat's death" 7510:

Bennet, James; Erlanger, Steven (11 November 2004).

6614:"Arafat Remains Defiant Amid Rubble of His Compound" 5405:

Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions

5363:

Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions

4798:. London, Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass. p. 20. 4490:

Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Roberts (12 May 2005).

4407:. Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. pp. 4–6. 3453: 3260: 3238: 3232:محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني 3212: 3181: 3138: 3037: 2912: 642:. While a student, he embraced Arab nationalist and 631:

political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004.

8653: 8180:"Samples taken from Arafat corpse for poison tests" 7669: 7667: 7565:. Associated Press. 7 November 2004. Archived from 6991:. Bloomberg News. 20 September 2003. Archived from 6239: 6237: 6235: 6233: 5344:. The Lebanese-American Association. Archived from 4863:"2 Who Share a Past Are Rivals for Israel's Future" 3166: 3123: 2873:Israel refused Arafat's wish to be buried near the 2099:aircraft he was a passenger on crash-landed in the 807:, whose mother, Yasser's paternal grandmother, was 786:Arafat (right) with his sister Khadija and brother 19:"Yasir Arafat" redirects here. For other uses, see 14467:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 8627:(2002). "Arafat, Yasser". In Avraham, Sela (ed.). 8456: 8209:Poort, David; Silverstein, Ken (6 November 2013). 8204: 8202: 7941: 7939: 7827: 7365: 7131:"How Arafat Eluded Israel's Assassination Machine" 6399:"Interview: with Yasser Arafat: Knowing the Enemy" 5920:"Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area" 5887: 5873: 5360: 5238: 4884: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4655: 4450: 3401: 2939:-related illnesses, as well as liver disease or a 2909:for Arafat near his tomb in commemoration of him. 900:After returning to the university, Arafat studied 12662:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 11982:International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons 10154: 8481: 8363:"Arafat was not poisoned, French prosecutor says" 7399:"New Arafat medical file released in death probe" 7186:"Arafat's funeral held in Cairo: Mystery illness" 6640:"Israeli siege of Arafat 'is killing peace hope'" 5689:, Albert Einstein Institution, Spring–Summer 1992 5632:pp.10-11; No 291, 9 January 1987; Jim Muir pp.3-4 4598: 4461:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 244–246. 4064: 3598:"A Dreamer Who Forced His Cause Onto World Stage" 3089:List of international trips made by Yasser Arafat 2964:maintained that Arafat was poisoned, possibly by 2360:persuaded the two leaders to meet. The resulting 1801:In February 1975, a pro-Palestinian Lebanese MP, 850:and other prominent Zionists. By 1946, he was an 713:. In 1994, he returned to Palestine, settling in 609:chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization 382:Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization 120:Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization 14877:Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority 14723: 10645:Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority 8332:"Russia: Arafat's death not caused by radiation" 8208: 7664: 7358: 6230: 5965: 5963: 5894:. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc. pp. 5068: 5066: 3569: 3479:"France drops investigation into Arafat's death" 2248:Basic Laws of the Palestinian National Authority 1409:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 1325:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 854:and began procuring weapons to be smuggled into 8260:"Q&A: Francois Bochud on the Arafat report" 8211:"Swiss study: Polonium found in Arafat's bones" 8199: 7936: 7587: 7341:"Medical records say Arafat died from a stroke" 7124: 7122: 7120: 5769: 5089:"'Arafat's "Mediation" Between Iraq and Kuwait" 4727: 4351:الذكرى الثالثة والأربعون لمعركة الكرامة الخالدة 3448:President of the Palestinian National Authority 2857:Honour guard at attention over Yasser Arafat's 2652:, former Middle East negotiator for Presidents 2420:suicide bombings by Palestinian militant groups 1706:. Arafat was Amin's best man at his wedding in 1527:, near the border with Syria. With the help of 374:President of the Palestinian National Authority 65:President of the Palestinian National Authority 12116: 8599: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8085: 7509: 7338: 6701:"Excerpts: Israeli security cabinet statement" 5998: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5342:"The Civil War... 1975, Regional Intervention" 4999: 4997: 4995: 4830:. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. 4760:. Armed Conflict Events Data. 16 December 2000 4688:"A Fatah Chief To Lead Palestinian Liberation" 4523: 3729: 2498:Relations with Hamas and other militant groups 1507:, who mocked him and his schizophrenic father 1332:agreed to back them if heavy fighting ensued. 14497:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 13944:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 13873: 12798: 12470:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 12361: 12102: 11572:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 11305:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 10782: 10696: 10629: 10140: 9541: 9113: 9075: 8783: 7948:"Arafat's widow calls for body to be exhumed" 7701: 7699: 6748: 6488:"Palestinian Authority funds go to militants" 5971:"1994: Israelis and Arafat share peace prize" 5960: 5139: 5115:"PLENARY MEETING Wednesday, 13 November 1974" 5063: 3794: 2439:, following an attack in the Israeli city of 1317:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 1178: 607:, was a Palestinian political leader. He was 578: 14892:Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents 12812: 7117: 7017:United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000 6922: 6920: 6918: 5176:. New York, New York: Basic Books. pp. 5160: 5045:"William Rogers to the Embassy at Fort Lamy" 4783:(in Arabic). Dar al-Hayan. pp. 175–181. 3900:. Facts on File; 1st edition. Archived from 2705:The Israeli government tried for decades to 2107:Palestinian Authority and peace negotiations 1392: 1381:(PNC) convened in Cairo on 3 February 1969, 1061:("Abu Jihad"), both official members of the 8575:Rubin, Barry M.; Judith Colp Rubin (2003). 8551: 8082: 7396: 7264:"Arafat: If he is "brain-dead," he is dead" 7179: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7148: 6662: 6346: 6344: 5989: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5467:"Time Line: Lebanon: Israel Controls South" 5413:This source states that 2,000 were killed: 5385: 4992: 4603:. Reader's Digest Association. p. 80. 4254: 3851:"Suha Arafat: I wish I'd never married him" 3331: 2701:Unsuccessful Israeli assassination attempts 2578:, Knesset members and others went into the 1826:armies besieged Tel al-Zaatar camp in east 1273:while 57 seats were left for several other 646:ideas. Opposed to the 1948 creation of the 14857:People of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 13880: 13866: 12805: 12791: 12585:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 12368: 12354: 12109: 12095: 10789: 10775: 10703: 10689: 10636: 10622: 10599:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement 10147: 10133: 9548: 9534: 9120: 9106: 9082: 9068: 8790: 8776: 8691: 8329: 8127:"Yasser Arafat's body exhumed in Ramallah" 7819: 7696: 7673: 6811:"Mid-East 'On Edge of Abyss': Arafat Aide" 6455: 6269:"Mid-East press reflects on Arafat legacy" 6250:. PASSIA. 11 December 2004. Archived from 4551: 4485: 4483: 4421: 4378:"1968: Karameh and the Palestinian revolt" 4106:. Sidgwick and Jackson. pp. 204–205. 3894:"Biography of Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad)" 3595: 3589: 3532:. Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 53. 3018:Martyr Yasser Arafat Governmental Hospital 2648:Although Arafat lived a modest lifestyle, 2541: 2189:. The Palestinian reaction was mixed. The 1947: 1542: 634:Arafat was born to Palestinian parents in 619:(PNA) from 1994 to 2004. Ideologically an 585: 571: 132:4 February 1969 – 29 October 2004 47: 14802:Palestine Liberation Organization members 11860:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 10309:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242 10283:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194 9089: 8513:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 8435:interview with John and Janet Wallach on 8330:Isachenkov, Vladimir (26 December 2013). 8124: 7967: 7965: 7945: 7912:"Family: Platelet disorder killed Arafat" 7825: 7705: 7390: 6926: 6915: 6611: 6374: 6359: 6025:. HarperCollins Publishing. p. 479. 5667: 4752: 4750: 4625:"The Guerrilla Threat In the Middle East" 4599:Livingstone, Neil; Halevy, David (1990). 4370: 4225: 4223: 4221: 2775:Arafat was pronounced dead at 03:30 2506:organizations, Islamist groups espousing 2410:After the September 2000 outbreak of the 2320: 2202:Establishing authority in the territories 1963:bombed his Tunis headquarters as part of 1805:, was shot and killed, reportedly by the 1573:Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party 1131:(PLA), the regular military force of the 14577:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 14507:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 14472:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 13741:/ Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / 11375:International Committee of the Red Cross 11207:International Committee of the Red Cross 11164:Nansen International Office for Refugees 10970:International Committee of the Red Cross 7799: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7735: 7563:"Israel Plans for Arafat Burial in Gaza" 7261: 7170: 6952: 6891:Hillman, G. Robert (19 September 2003). 6833:"Israel's SAS prepares to snatch Arafat" 6570:"Arafat siege to end as handover agreed" 6456:Abu Toameh, Khaled (29 September 2010). 6341: 6060: 5791: 5635: 5270: 3814: 3812: 3559:. Indiana University Press. p. 259. 2922: 2852: 2806: 2522:, a major military offensive into major 2454: 2366: 2324: 2140: 2121: 1994:where four Palestinian residents of the 1907:to expel the PLO from southern Lebanon. 1883: 1840: 1732:Arafat in a Palestinian refugee camp in 1727: 1562: 1551: 1470: 1452:, located 30 miles (48 km) east of 1402: 1155:when a Palestinian Syrian Army officer, 1082:Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini 988:of Abu Ammar. Both names are related to 781: 14452:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 14437:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 12760:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative 12519:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity 11724:International Campaign to Ban Landmines 9646:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 8451: 8177: 7334: 7332: 7128: 6890: 6668: 6637: 6631: 6298: 6143: 6081: 6002: 5699: 5652: 5495: 5297: 5291: 5255: 5200: 5072: 5003: 4869:. pp. Section A, Page 3, Column 1. 4845: 4738: 4706:"Fatah Wins Control of Palestine Group" 4480: 4186: 4171: 3961:Zeev Schiff, Raphael Rothstein (1972). 3952: 3937: 3876: 3759: 3744: 3684: 3335:The A to Z of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1714:Fatah involvement in Lebanese Civil War 1657:1973 Khartoum diplomatic assassinations 1547: 1347:, to create a situation similar to the 1303:word for 'dignity', which elevated its 412:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon 77:5 July 1994 – 11 November 2004 14847:Palestinian people of Egyptian descent 14842:Palestinian people imprisoned by Syria 14777:Collars of the Order of the White Lion 14724: 14447:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 10591:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement 10581:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement 8387: 8280: 8098:"Yasser Arafat, la valse des isotopes" 7962: 7834:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7454: 7423: 7209: 6612:Schmemann, Serge (22 September 2002). 6117: 6051:26 July 2006. Accessed on17 June 2024. 6017: 5882: 5751: 5358: 5352: 5336: 5334: 5274:Middle East Perspectives: From Lebanon 5091:. US Embassy in Beirut. 4 April 1973. 5025:. U.S. Department of State. 4 May 2006 4938: 4911: 4860: 4772: 4747: 4653: 4358:(in Arabic). Ammon News. 20 March 2011 4229: 4218: 4044:. Time Warner Paperbacks. p. 33. 4002: 3946: 3891: 3654: 3552: 3446:word for both titles is the same. See 3293: 3221: 2792:disseminated intravascular coagulation 2045: 1299:—were located. The town's name is the 1139:in 1964. On 31 December, a squad from 794: 717:and promoting self-governance for the 627:, Arafat was a founding member of the 14762:Arab people in the State of Palestine 13861: 12786: 12748:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education 12691: 12389: 12349: 12090: 10770: 10684: 10617: 10128: 9555: 9529: 9101: 9063: 8977:2006 Palestinian legislative election 8771: 8708:"A Life in Retrospect: Yasser Arafat" 8654:Wallach, Janet; John Wallach (1990). 8527: 8257: 8159:from the original on 27 November 2012 8125:Carlstrom, Gregg (27 November 2013). 7790: 7708:"Yasser Arafat a-t-il été assassiné?" 7436:from the original on 22 December 2017 7183: 6946: 6927:McDermott, Tricia (7 November 2003). 6863: 6782: 6721: 6638:Huggler, Justin (28 September 2002). 6520:from the original on 21 November 2014 6511: 6482: 6319:"A Life in Retrospect: Yasser Arafat" 6313: 5568: 5391: 5367:. Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 5095:from the original on 13 November 2011 5051:from the original on 13 November 2011 4879: 4793: 4758:"Black September in Jordan 1970–1971" 4427: 4314: 3848: 3809: 3711:from the original on 18 November 2001 3659:. 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Archived from 3299: 2913:Theories about the cause of death 2754: 2395:, whereas Netanyahu was from the 2234:of the PNA, the Commander of the 1974: 1661:United States Department of State 1629:), one of the masterminds of the 1133:Palestine Liberation Organization 14862:People of the Lebanese Civil War 14706: 14705: 14432:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 14115:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 12650:National Transplant Organization 10669: 10505:Agreement on Movement and Access 9044: 9043: 8426: 8388:Taylor, Paul (3 December 2013). 8381: 8355: 8323: 8304:Tait, Robert (8 November 2013). 8297: 8281:Taylor, Paul (7 November 2013). 8274: 8258:Poort, David (8 November 2013). 8251: 8171: 8141: 8118: 8017: 7946:Carlstrom, Gregg (4 July 2012). 7904: 7878: 7852: 7774: 7752: 7710:[Was Arafat murdered?]. 7638: 7612: 7581: 7555: 7529: 7503: 7483:Left, Sarah (11 November 2004). 7476: 7448: 7417: 7317:from the original on 4 July 2012 7303: 7278: 7255: 7237:"Frail Arafat arrives in France" 7229: 7203: 7091: 7065: 7034: 7020: 7007: 6981: 6884: 6857: 6825: 6803: 6776: 6742: 6715: 6693: 6605: 6588: 6562: 6532: 6505: 6476: 6449: 6423: 6390: 6307: 6261: 6204: 6178: 6152: 6137: 6111: 6061:Forgione, Fabio (October 2004). 6054: 6046:Constitution of Palestine (1994) 6039: 6011: 5938: 5912: 5839: 5807: 5785: 5763: 5569:Starr, Paul (24 November 2021). 5545:"When Arafat protected the Jews" 5117:. United Nations. Archived from 4196:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. 4012:. Frank Crass & Co. p. 3898:Encyclopedia of the Palestinians 3570:Kershner, Isabel (4 July 2012). 3162: 3119: 3068: 3054: 3040: 2414:, negotiations continued at the 2329:Arafat with PNA cabinet members 1600:Ben Gurion International Airport 1535:(who had since ousted President 1433:invited Arafat to become Deputy 1135:(PLO), which was created by the 1007: 939: 842:In 1944, Arafat enrolled in the 551: 542: 320: 291: 14752:20th-century presidents in Asia 14075:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 12633:Kintampo Health Research Centre 11640:Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama) 10853:Institut de Droit International 10539:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 10533:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 10501:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 9706:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 9587:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency 9345:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 9021:Palestinian Mujahideen Movement 7973:"Arafat's doctor wants autopsy" 7736:Bannoura, Saed (20 July 2009). 5745: 5721: 5693: 5679: 5661: 5614: 5588: 5562: 5537: 5507: 5489: 5459: 5433: 5396: 5264: 5230:. 14 April 2003. Archived from 5220: 5194: 5133: 5107: 5081: 5037: 5012: 4966: 4932: 4905: 4873: 4854: 4812: 4787: 4698: 4680: 4647: 4617: 4592: 4517: 4396: 4342: 4308: 4248: 4180: 4120: 4092: 4058: 4030: 3996: 3981: 3885: 3870: 3842: 3753: 3738: 3723: 3693: 3648: 3546: 3519: 3471: 3338:. Scarecrow Press. p. 26. 2668:official whom Arafat appointed 2209:Arab states of the Persian Gulf 2117: 1151:Arafat was detained in Syria's 1106:Arab states of the Persian Gulf 904:and served as president of the 243: 14517:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 14279:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 12670:for the Advancement of Science 10178:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence 9994:Palestinian militancy campaign 9016:Al-Mustaqbal (electoral list)‎ 8905:Fatah Special Operations Group 7210:Melman, Yossi (14 July 2011). 7160:Palestine: The Mystery Country 6724:"New Palestinian Cabinet OK'd" 5228:"Biographical Focus: Idi Amin" 3526:Creed, Richard D. Jr. (2014). 3428: 3393: 3378: 3352: 3325: 3279: 3246: 3111: 2224:Palestinian National Authority 2222:, which was controlled by the 1640:In 1974, the PNC approved the 1323:'s breakaway organization the 1027:United Nations Emergency Force 889:, Arafat fought alongside the 617:Palestinian National Authority 1: 14812:Palestinian Arab nationalists 12380:for International Cooperation 11379:League of Red Cross Societies 10905:Paul Estournelles de Constant 10266:American trusteeship proposal 9335:Popular Resistance Committees 8658:. Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart. 8510:Arafat, a political biography 8042:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61834-6 7485:"Arafat begins final journey" 6160:"Profile: Binyamin Netanyahu" 5890:Palestine Peace Not Apartheid 5515:"The Battle of Tel al-Zaatar" 3272: 3099:Arafat's Johannesburg Address 2811:Arafat's "temporary" tomb in 2612:Israeli Military Intelligence 2073:Palestinian National Covenant 1845:Arafat with Palestinian poet 1598:and forced it to land at the 1441:with Palestinian leadership. 777: 21:Yasir Arafat (disambiguation) 14462:Federation of Arab Republics 14422:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 14412:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 14013:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 13961:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 9033:Palestinian Freedom Movement 8895:Black September Organization 7807:. BBC News. 8 September 2005 7397:Laub, Karin (12 July 2012). 7212:"What killed Yasser Arafat?" 7041:Katz, Yaakov (17 May 2006). 6089:"Palestine Facts: 1994–1995" 5734:. 4 May 2006. Archived from 5271:Mardelli, Bassil A. (2012). 4914:"Munich Massacre Remembered" 4781:Arafat, the Difficult Number 4289:Oren, Amir (29 March 1968). 4009:Green March, Black September 3507:. CBS News. 26 December 2013 3223:[ˈjaːsɪrˤʕɑrˤɑˈfaːt] 2970:Palestinian foreign minister 2005:Israeli-occupied territories 1794:, a son of former President 1602:in Israel. The PFLP and the 1588:Black September Organization 1489:emergency Arab League summit 1379:Palestinian National Council 1161:Palestinian Liberation Front 1021:in 1956, Egyptian president 837: 711:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 668:Palestinian National Council 611:(PLO) from 1969 to 2004 and 506:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 432:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7: 14852:Palestinian revolutionaries 14837:Palestinian Nobel laureates 14822:Palestinian civil engineers 14797:Nobel Peace Prize laureates 14587:Flag of the Arab Federation 14417:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 14407:Arab Socialist Action Party 12720:Hispanic Society of America 12646:The Transplantation Society 12595:2004: The European Union's 12579:International Space Station 9863:Palestinian suicide attacks 8558:Reader's Digest Association 6540:"Profile: Marwan Barghouti" 6325:. p. 2. Archived from 6245:"Yasser Arafat (1929–2004)" 4234:. Oxford University Press. 3655:Brexel, Bernadette (2003). 3485:. Reuters. 2 September 2015 3406:. In Mattar, Philip (ed.). 3261: 3239: 3213: 3033: 2675:Preventive Security Service 2670:Finance Minister of the PNA 2616:International Monetary Fund 2267:Preventive Security Service 1501:Arab League summit in Cairo 1063:Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood 1029:to establish itself in the 688:1978 South Lebanon conflict 464:1978 South Lebanon conflict 10: 14913: 14887:Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana 14558:On the Way of Resurrection 14551:The Battle for One Destiny 14482:Lebanese National Movement 13923:Third International Theory 13079:Hungarian Freedom Fighters 12742:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance 12053:Center for Civil Liberties 10913:International Peace Bureau 10439:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 10427:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement 10421:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 10353:Palestinian autonomy talks 8552:Livingstone, Neil (1990). 8239:. Reuters. 6 November 2013 8096:Lema, Luis (24 May 2014). 7626:. London. 15 December 2004 6785:"Killing Arafat An Option" 6512:Naveh, Dani (6 May 2002). 6212:"The Wye River Memorandum" 5707:. Doubleday. p. 418. 5277:. iUniverse. p. 260. 5142:"Five Minutes to Midnight" 4891:. New York: Random House. 4664:Cambridge University Press 3730:Rubenstein & Leon 1995 3434:Some sources use the term 3290:Ammar bin ('son of) Yasser 2916: 2802: 2686:Operation Defensive Shield 2570:amid pressures by the US. 2520:Operation Defensive Shield 2110: 1755:(LNM). The LNM was led by 1753:Lebanese National Movement 1746:Palestine Liberation Front 1717: 1396: 1284: 1179:Leader of the Palestinians 928:, he donned a solid white 680:Lebanese National Movement 650:, he fought alongside the 18: 14782:Fatah military commanders 14701: 14610: 14567: 14535: 14512:Unified Political Command 14402:Arab Nationalist Movement 14347: 14299:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 14159: 14128: 14095:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 13966:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 13931: 13895: 13599: 13365: 13030: 13020:The American Fighting-Man 12823: 12698: 12687: 12640:World Health Organization 12591:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 12573:Fernando Henrique Cardoso 12396: 12385: 12273: 12242: 12217: 12192: 12161: 12141: 12126: 11765: 11514: 11271: 11048: 10808: 10732: 10667: 10651: 10553: 10396: 10349:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 10274: 10206:Faisal–Weizmann agreement 10163: 10124: 9897: 9760: 9605: 9563: 9525: 9500: 9479: 9423: 9353: 9240:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 9222: 9215: 9145: 9097: 9041: 9007:Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 8997: 8928: 8882: 8852: 8831: 8810: 8699:Yasser Arafat (1929–2004) 8537:. New York: Grove Press. 8425: 8420: 8310:The Sydney Morning Herald 7862:. CBN.com. Archived from 7313:. CBS News. 4 July 2012. 7156:"Ending of Yasser's Life" 5847:"Timeline: Yasser Arafat" 5759:. Macmillan. p. 151. 5173:How We Got Here: The '70s 4948:. Vintage Books. p. 4258:The Arab-Israeli Conflict 3360:"Yasser Arafat Mausoleum" 3008: 2867:presidential headquarters 2643:General Accounting Office 2535:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 2218:In 1994, Arafat moved to 2036:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 1849:(center) and PFLP leader 1393:Confrontation with Jordan 1224:Arab Nationalist Movement 1129:Palestine Liberation Army 1074:Filastununa Nida al-Hayat 844:University of King Fuad I 723:Madrid Conference of 1991 640:University of King Fuad I 307: 299: 287: 277: 272:University of King Fuad I 265: 257: 228: 218: 208: 191: 169: 164: 160: 148: 136: 125: 117: 104: 81: 70: 62: 58: 46: 37: 30: 14832:Palestinian nationalists 14817:Palestinian billionaires 14020:1952 Egyptian revolution 13737:: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. 12625:Ifakara Health Institute 11748:Médecins Sans Frontières 10388:Israel–Lebanon agreement 10200:Anglo-French Declaration 10196:Declaration to the Seven 9769:Misgav Am hostage crisis 8078:(Subscription required.) 7826:McDermott, Rose (2008). 7374:. London. 12 July 2012. 7286:"Hospitalization Report" 6703:. BBC. 11 September 2003 6095:(PASSIA). Archived from 5359:Harris, William (1996). 4794:Nisan, Mordechi (2003). 4559:"The Israeli Assessment" 4350: 3988:Hussein, Hassan Khalil. 3450:for further information. 3104: 2354:Prime Minister of Israel 2337:(right) at a meeting in 2149:and Rabin receiving the 2133:, and Arafat during the 1934:Maghen Abraham Synagogue 1909:Beirut was soon besieged 1724:Battle of Tripoli (1983) 1435:Prime Minister of Jordan 1297:Palestinian refugee camp 1088:to refer to "conquest." 944:In 1990, Arafat married 329:This article is part of 204:, Hauts-de-Seine, France 38: 14872:Presidents of Palestine 14767:Cairo University alumni 14673:Palestinian nationalism 14592:Flag of the Arab Revolt 14085:1966 Syrian coup d'état 14065:1963 Syrian coup d'état 14045:1961 Syrian coup d'état 13235:The Apollo 8 Astronauts 12515:Government of Guatemala 12442:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 12432:University of Salamanca 12208:Clifford Glenwood Shull 12136:(United States/Hungary) 11235:Friends Service Council 10080:Israel–Palestine crisis 9931:Bringing Home the Goods 9270:Guardians of the Cedars 8583:Oxford University Press 6897:The Dallas Morning News 6791:. CBS. Associated Press 4828:Israel: A Country Study 4654:Cobban, Helena (1984). 4588:(subscription required) 4446:(subscription required) 4291:"Debacle in the desert" 4040:; Uzi Mahmaini (1996). 2819:On 11 November 2004, a 2766:Percy military hospital 2592:Palestinian territories 2542:Attempts to marginalize 1948:Headquarters in Tunisia 1836:Tel al-Zaatar camp fell 1543:Headquarters in Lebanon 1419:at press conference in 1415:and Palestinian writer 1271:PLO Executive Committee 1197:Israeli security forces 959: 912:was carried out by the 755:cause of Arafat's death 719:Palestinian territories 14897:20th-century engineers 14867:Politicians from Cairo 14100:1969 Libyan revolution 13978:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 13194:Martin Luther King Jr. 12464:Hans-Dietrich Genscher 12279:Nobel Prize recipients 12219:Physiology or Medicine 11632:UN Peacekeeping Forces 11481: (declined award) 11390:Martin Luther King Jr. 10497:Sharm El Sheikh Summit 10417:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 10299:Tripartite Declaration 9922:Ain es Saheb airstrike 9803:South Lebanon conflict 8485:; Tony Walker (2005). 8106:(in French). p. 3 5924:Jewish Virtual Library 5797:The West's last chance 5146:The Gazette (Montreal) 4261:. Black Rabbit Books. 4230:Sayigh, Yezid (1997). 4068:; Tony Walker (1991). 3776:"Profile: Suha Arafat" 3553:Ghanem, As'ad (2010). 3400:Dunn, Michael (2004). 3307:"Definition of Arafat" 2952:University of Lausanne 2928: 2919:Death of Yasser Arafat 2870: 2816: 2467: 2389:Camp David 2000 Summit 2380: 2342: 2321:Other peace agreements 2207:those areas. However, 2158: 2138: 2093:Abu Nidal Organization 1905:an invasion of Lebanon 1899: 1890:Iranian Prime Minister 1858: 1737: 1689: 1576: 1560: 1492: 1424: 914:Free Officers Movement 791: 731:2000 Camp David Summit 516:2000 Camp David Summit 14658:Jordanian nationalism 14392:Arab Islamic Republic 14387:Arab Higher Committee 14264:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 14244:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 14055:North Yemen civil war 13988:Arab–Israeli conflict 13651:The Good Samaritans: 12948:Franklin D. Roosevelt 12888:Franklin D. Roosevelt 12872:Franklin D. Roosevelt 12436:University of Coimbra 11904:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 11584:Alfonso García Robles 11564:Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 11536:Amnesty International 11148:Carlos Saavedra Lamas 10545:John Kerry Parameters 10218:Churchill White Paper 10184:Sykes–Picot Agreement 9740:Coastal Road massacre 9361:Arab Higher Committee 9250:Arab Liberation Front 9193:Palestinian Authority 9091:Arab–Israeli conflict 8982:Battle of Gaza (2007) 8606:The Mystery of Arafat 8487:Arafat: The Biography 8465:Bloomsbury Publishing 7770:on 21 September 2012. 7712:Le Monde diplomatique 7268:The Volokh Conspiracy 7166:on 30 September 2007. 5820:Le Monde diplomatique 4474:The Arab-Israeli Wars 4193:Nasser, The Last Arab 3643:Jewish Vitual Library 3635:Nobel Prize Biography 3094:List of Fatah members 3084:Politics of Palestine 2926: 2895:Sheikh Taissir Tamimi 2856: 2842:, Egypt, for a brief 2810: 2635:venture capital funds 2580:Presidential Compound 2465: 2370: 2328: 2279:Amnesty International 2144: 2125: 2111:Further information: 1887: 1863:Coastal Road massacre 1844: 1731: 1685: 1566: 1555: 1487:conflict, during the 1474: 1406: 1261:resigned his post as 1232:Arab Higher Committee 1228:Hajj Amin al-Husseini 1002:significance in Islam 950:Palestinian Christian 875:1948 Arab–Israeli War 864:Arab Higher Committee 785: 751:his Ramallah compound 656:1948 Arab–Israeli War 14693:Tunisian nationalism 14663:Lebanese nationalism 14623:Egyptian nationalism 14618:Algerian nationalism 14522:United Arab Republic 14397:Arab Liberation Army 14377:Arab Ba'ath Movement 14234:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 13768:The Silence Breakers 13635:The American Soldier 13616:The Whistleblowers: 13474:The Endangered Earth 13256:The Middle Americans 13210:William Westmoreland 13103:Dwight D. Eisenhower 12972:Dwight D. Eisenhower 12545:Fatana Ishaq Gailani 12529:Olayinka Koso-Thomas 12477:Frederik W. de Klerk 12019:World Food Programme 10527:Annapolis Conference 10521:UNSC Resolution 1701 10511:UNSC Resolution 1850 10493:UNSC Resolution 1583 10487:UNSC Resolution 1566 10483:UNSC Resolution 1559 10433:Wye River Memorandum 10289:Armistice agreements 10046:Gaza border protests 9968:Gaza–Israel conflict 9680:Lod Airport massacre 9513:United Arab Republic 9456:United Arab Emirates 9366:Arab Liberation Army 8972:Fatah–Hamas conflict 8609:. Steerforth Press. 8603:; Leon, Dan (1995). 8337:The Washington Times 8155:. 27 November 2012. 7569:on 11 September 2016 7432:. Associated Press. 7401:. Associated Press. 7272:Agence France-Presse 6576:. London. 1 May 2002 6317:(12 November 2004). 6257:on 29 February 2012. 5775:Witnessing for Peace 5741:on 8 September 2013. 5407:. pp. 162–165. 4565:. 13 December 1968. 4255:Cath Senker (2004). 2637:in the U.S. and the 2610:In August 2002, the 2375:and Bill Clinton at 2362:Wye River Memorandum 2309:). However, because 2195:Palestinian refugees 2137:on 13 September 1993 1996:Jabalya refugee camp 1965:Operation Wooden Leg 1619:Munich Olympic Games 1548:Official recognition 1362:Israeli intelligence 1025:agreed to allow the 887:Palestinian fedayeen 868:Army of the Holy War 449:Battle of the Hotels 427:Operation Wooden Leg 14827:Palestinian Muslims 14683:Sahrawi nationalism 14040:1959 Mosul uprising 13973:Great Syrian Revolt 13833:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 12817:Persons of the Year 12726:Amref Health Africa 12408:Enrique V. Iglesias 12402:José López Portillo 11700:Pugwash Conferences 10719:Executive Committee 10370:UNSC Resolution 497 10364:UNSC Resolution 478 10358:UNSC Resolution 452 10345:UNSC Resolution 446 10335:UNSC Resolution 425 10329:UNSC Resolution 350 10319:UNSC Resolution 339 10315:UNSC Resolution 338 10305:Khartoum Resolution 10293:Lausanne Conference 10242:Morrison–Grady Plan 10212:San Remo conference 10190:Balfour Declaration 10062:Gaza–Israel clashes 10054:Gaza–Israel clashes 9829:Mothers' Bus attack 9406:Revolutionary Cells 9026:Mujahideen Brigades 8285:. NBC News. Reuters 7372:The Daily Telegraph 6821:on 8 December 2015. 6574:The Daily Telegraph 6486:(7 November 2003). 6468:on 8 October 2010. 6437:. 29 September 2004 6411:on 26 November 2010 6329:on 13 November 2004 5348:on 5 February 1998. 4824:"Israel in Lebanon" 4577:on 23 November 2008 4457:Maoz, Zeev (2006). 3856:The Times of Israel 3805:. 19 December 1994. 3602:The Washington Post 3226:; full birth name: 2838:transport plane to 2749:Sheikh Ahmed Yassin 2724:Minister of Defense 2429:freedom of movement 2252:executive committee 2053:Adlai Stevenson III 2046:Change in direction 1681:UN General Assembly 1567:Yasser Arafat with 1475:Egyptian President 1307:in the eyes of the 1080:of the Arabic name 972:clan of Jerusalem. 856:Mandatory Palestine 799:Arafat was born in 795:Birth and childhood 662:from 1952 to 1956. 14688:Syrian nationalism 14668:Libyan nationalism 14628:Greater Mauritania 14544:The Arab Awakening 14527:United Arab States 14502:Rejectionist Front 14309:Gamal Abdel Nasser 14120:Yemeni unification 14110:Lebanese Civil War 14090:17 July Revolution 14060:Ramadan Revolution 14035:14 July Revolution 13398:Ayatollah Khomeini 13063:John Foster Dulles 12668:Max Planck Society 12414:Belisario Betancur 12202:Bertram Brockhouse 12134:George Andrew Olah 11971:Juan Manuel Santos 11297:George C. Marshall 11140:Carl von Ossietzky 11035:Austen Chamberlain 10901:A. M. F. Beernaert 10869:Theodore Roosevelt 10861:Bertha von Suttner 10515:Quartet Principles 10449:Clinton Parameters 10339:Camp David Accords 9722:Savoy Hotel attack 9572:1948 Palestine war 9411:South Lebanon Army 9300:Muslim Brotherhood 8874:Voice of Palestine 8868:Falastin Al Thawra 8753:The New York Times 8742:The Jerusalem Post 8690:on Nobelprize.org 8439:, 23 December 1990 8367:The Jerusalem Post 7979:. 12 November 2004 7924:on 18 January 2012 7892:. 17 November 2004 7866:on 18 January 2013 7677:(12 August 2007). 7652:. 10 November 2007 7543:. 12 November 2004 7516:The New York Times 7462:The New York Times 7345:The New York Times 7135:The New York Times 7047:The Jerusalem Post 6957:(14 August 2002). 6903:on 13 October 2007 6872:. Associated Press 6845:on 8 December 2015 6755:The New York Times 6730:. Associated Press 6618:The New York Times 6462:The Jerusalem Post 6166:. 20 December 2005 6124:The New York Times 6069:on 11 January 2008 5977:. 3 September 1993 5827:on 19 January 2012 5801:Regnery Publishing 5473:. 9 October 2007. 5121:on 8 February 2012 4980:on 28 January 2012 4867:The New York Times 4820:Metz, Helen Chapin 4713:The New York Times 4692:The Morning Record 4635:on 8 February 2007 4434:The New York Times 4038:Abu Sharif, Bassam 3782:. 11 November 2004 3576:The New York Times 3483:The Jerusalem Post 2957:The New York Times 2929: 2871: 2817: 2788:hemorrhagic stroke 2731:special operations 2629:bottling plant in 2598:Financial dealings 2564:armored bulldozers 2472:asymmetric warfare 2468: 2451:Political survival 2381: 2347:Benjamin Netanyahu 2343: 2191:Rejectionist Front 2159: 2157:, 10 December 1994 2139: 2060:State of Palestine 1926:United States Navy 1900: 1897:Iranian Revolution 1859: 1742:Lebanese Civil War 1738: 1720:Lebanese Civil War 1650:Rejectionist Front 1577: 1561: 1497:the conflict raged 1493: 1477:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1425: 1387:Commander-in-Chief 1199:near the southern 1023:Gamal Abdel Nasser 891:Muslim Brotherhood 792: 707:two-state solution 684:Lebanese Civil War 652:Muslim Brotherhood 454:Aishiyeh massacres 441:Lebanese Civil War 14792:Muslim socialists 14719: 14718: 14648:Iraqi nationalism 14339:Constantin Zureiq 14189:Abdul Rahman Arif 14169:Butrus al-Bustani 13855: 13854: 13837:Spirit of Ukraine 13537:Pope John Paul II 13514:The Peacemakers: 13490:George H. W. Bush 13482:Mikhail Gorbachev 13466:Mikhail Gorbachev 13310:Susan Brownmiller 13226:Lyndon B. Johnson 13202:Lyndon B. Johnson 13111:U.S. Scientists: 13095:Charles de Gaulle 13087:Nikita Khrushchev 13039:Mohammed Mosaddeq 13012:Winston Churchill 12940:Winston Churchill 12832:Charles Lindbergh 12780: 12779: 12776: 12775: 12683: 12682: 12675:Fulbright Program 12597:Erasmus Programme 12458:Mikhail Gorbachev 12376:Laureates of the 12343: 12342: 12244:Economic Sciences 12084: 12083: 11945:Kailash Satyarthi 11830:Mohamed ElBaradei 11648:Mikhail Gorbachev 11343:Philip Noel-Baker 11327:Lester B. Pearson 11289:Albert Schweitzer 11070:Ferdinand Buisson 11062:Gustav Stresemann 10941:Henri La Fontaine 10802:Nobel Peace Prize 10764: 10763: 10678: 10677: 10611: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10477:Geneva Initiative 10445:Camp David Summit 10405:Madrid Conference 10382:Reagan peace plan 10355: 10260:UN Partition Plan 10254:London Conference 10236:London Conference 10172:Damascus Protocol 10120: 10119: 10021:Pillar of Defense 9672:Sabena Flight 571 9638:Battle of Karameh 9557:Armed engagements 9521: 9520: 9419: 9418: 9391:Japanese Red Army 9146:Primary countries 9057: 9056: 8950:Battle of Karameh 8665:978-0-8184-0533-4 8616:978-1-883642-10-5 8601:Rubenstein, Danny 8592:978-0-19-516689-7 8567:978-0-7090-4548-9 8544:978-0-8021-1758-8 8520:978-0-253-32711-6 8496:978-1-85227-924-0 8474:978-1-58234-049-4 8448: 8447: 7917:Ma'an News Agency 7845:978-0-521-88272-9 7764:Ma'an News Agency 7675:Rubenstein, Danny 7243:. 29 October 2004 7105:. 30 October 2009 6969:on 1 October 2007 6681:on 11 August 2003 6671:"Arafat vs Abbas" 6275:. 5 November 2004 6192:. 9 December 2002 6032:978-0-00-638337-6 5905:978-0-7432-8502-5 5714:978-0-385-40401-3 5705:Israel: a history 5626:Dennis Walters MP 5403:Harris, William. 5378:978-1-55876-115-5 5324:978-0-89608-601-2 5187:978-0-465-04195-4 5047:. 13 March 1973. 4959:978-0-679-74475-7 4898:978-1-920769-80-2 4779:Rasheda, Mahran. 4715:. 5 February 1969 4673:978-0-521-27216-2 4610:978-0-7090-4548-9 4414:978-1-4143-2361-9 4356:Petra News Agency 4241:978-0-19-829643-0 4203:978-0-312-28683-5 4147:978-0-345-46192-6 4113:978-0-283-06220-9 4085:978-0-940793-86-6 4051:978-0-7515-1636-4 4023:978-0-7146-2987-2 3904:on 21 August 2006 3830:on 16 August 2018 3539:978-1-78289-593-0 3417:978-0-02-865769-1 3345:978-0-8108-7015-4 3259: 3237: 3211: 3023:Yasser Arafat Cup 2962:Bassam Abu Sharif 2696:Illness and death 2658:neopatrimonialism 2463: 2377:Camp David Summit 2331:Yasser Abed Rabbo 2277:to head the PSS. 2183:Nobel Peace Prize 2163:1993 Oslo Accords 2151:Nobel Peace Prize 2020:molotov cocktails 1958:Israeli Air Force 1924:supported by the 1815:Sabra and Shatila 1811:massacre in April 1774:(PFLP-GC) led by 1642:Ten Point Program 1604:Japanese Red Army 1592:Sabena Flight 572 1491:, September 1970 1439:Palestinian state 1345:Balqa Governorate 1287:Battle of Karameh 1281:Battle of Karameh 1212:Egypt's air force 1057:("Abu Iyad") and 1013:Founding of Fatah 902:civil engineering 813:Sakakini District 735:Nobel Peace Prize 595: 594: 479:Battle of Tripoli 402:Battle of Karameh 347: 346: 311: 310: 213:Arafat's compound 14904: 14709: 14708: 14582:Eagle of Saladin 14289:Amin al-Husseini 14254:Faisal I of Iraq 14224:Sultan al-Atrash 14219:Mansur al-Atrash 14194:Abdul Salam Arif 14003:War of Attrition 13889:Arab nationalism 13882: 13875: 13868: 13859: 13858: 13848: 13840: 13828: 13820: 13808: 13800: 13798: 13771: 13763: 13755: 13747: 13745: 13729: 13721: 13713: 13705: 13697: 13689: 13681: 13673: 13665: 13663: 13646: 13638: 13630: 13628: 13611: 13608:Rudolph Giuliani 13592: 13584: 13576: 13564: 13556: 13548: 13540: 13532: 13530: 13509: 13501: 13493: 13485: 13477: 13469: 13461: 13453: 13445: 13437: 13425: 13417: 13409: 13401: 13393: 13385: 13377: 13358: 13356: 13342:Billie Jean King 13308:American Women: 13303: 13295: 13287: 13275: 13267: 13259: 13251: 13249: 13229: 13221: 13213: 13205: 13197: 13189: 13181: 13173: 13171: 13153:William Shockley 13129:Joshua Lederberg 13125:Donald A. Glaser 13106: 13098: 13090: 13082: 13074: 13066: 13058: 13050: 13042: 13023: 13015: 13007: 12999: 12991: 12983: 12975: 12967: 12959: 12951: 12943: 12935: 12927: 12919: 12907: 12899: 12891: 12883: 12875: 12867: 12859: 12851: 12843: 12835: 12807: 12800: 12793: 12784: 12783: 12689: 12688: 12648:and the Spanish 12541:Rigoberta Menchú 12387: 12386: 12370: 12363: 12356: 12347: 12346: 12281: 12258:John Forbes Nash 12227:Alfred G. Gilman 12111: 12104: 12097: 12088: 12087: 12077: 12066: 12064:Narges Mohammadi 12055: 12036: 12021: 12010: 11999: 11984: 11973: 11962: 11951: 11949:Malala Yousafzai 11936: 11925: 11914: 11895: 11884: 11873: 11871:Martti Ahtisaari 11862: 11847: 11832: 11817: 11806: 11795: 11784: 11758: 11750: 11742: 11730: 11718: 11716:José Ramos-Horta 11706: 11694: 11678: 11666: 11664:Rigoberta Menchú 11658: 11656:Aung San Suu Kyi 11650: 11642: 11634: 11626: 11618: 11610: 11602: 11594: 11586: 11574: 11566: 11558: 11550: 11538: 11530: 11528:Mairead Corrigan 11507: 11499: 11487: 11472: 11471: 11465: 11454: 11443: 11432: 11421: 11420: 11412: 11411: 11403: 11392: 11381: 11369: 11361: 11359:Dag Hammarskjöld 11353: 11345: 11337: 11329: 11321: 11320: 11314: 11313: 11307: 11299: 11291: 11283: 11264: 11256: 11248: 11247: 11241: 11229: 11217: 11209: 11201: 11200: 11194: 11193: 11187: 11186: 11180: 11179: 11173: 11172: 11166: 11158: 11150: 11142: 11134: 11132:Arthur Henderson 11126: 11118: 11117: 11111: 11099: 11097:Nathan Söderblom 11091: 11089:Frank B. Kellogg 11083: 11082: 11076: 11064: 11041: 11029: 11028: 11022: 11021: 11015: 11007: 11001:Hjalmar Branting 10995: 10987: 10979: 10978: 10972: 10964: 10963: 10957: 10956: 10950: 10949: 10943: 10935: 10927: 10915: 10907: 10895: 10883: 10871: 10863: 10855: 10847: 10839: 10827: 10791: 10784: 10777: 10768: 10767: 10726: 10720: 10714: 10705: 10698: 10691: 10682: 10681: 10673: 10638: 10631: 10624: 10615: 10614: 10565:Trump peace plan 10557: 10351: 10149: 10142: 10135: 10126: 10125: 10111: 10108:Israel–Hamas war 10103: 10099:Shield and Arrow 10093: 10083: 10075: 10065: 10057: 10049: 10041: 10038:Wave of violence 10033: 10025: 10015: 10005: 9997: 9989: 9981: 9971: 9963: 9955: 9945: 9935: 9925: 9917: 9909: 9890: 9880: 9870: 9858: 9848: 9840: 9832: 9824: 9816: 9806: 9798: 9790: 9782: 9772: 9753: 9743: 9735: 9725: 9717: 9714:Ma'alot massacre 9709: 9701: 9691: 9683: 9675: 9667: 9659: 9649: 9641: 9633: 9630:War of Attrition 9625: 9617: 9598: 9590: 9582: 9579:Arab–Israeli War 9574: 9550: 9543: 9536: 9527: 9526: 9424:Other countries 9220: 9219: 9160:Egyptian Kingdom 9122: 9115: 9108: 9099: 9098: 9084: 9077: 9070: 9061: 9060: 9047: 9046: 9012:Marwan Barghouti 8944:War of Attrition 8818:History of Fatah 8802:Party and their 8792: 8785: 8778: 8769: 8768: 8695: 8677: 8650: 8620: 8596: 8571: 8548: 8524: 8500: 8489:. Virgin Books. 8478: 8462: 8453:Aburish, Said K. 8430: 8429: 8418: 8417: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8342:Associated Press 8327: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8301: 8295: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8206: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8093: 8080: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7977:Associated Press 7969: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7943: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7856: 7850: 7849: 7833: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7801: 7788: 7778: 7772: 7771: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7733: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7703: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7671: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7574: 7559: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7369: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7336: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7307: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7290: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7181: 7168: 7167: 7162:. 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Bush 2623:finance ministry 2549:Marwan Barghouti 2528:Mahmoud al-Zahar 2524:West Bank cities 2464: 2435:headquarters in 2040:suicide bombings 1875:Operation Litani 1761:Syrian President 1734:Southern Lebanon 1612:Ghassan Kanafani 1558:Brandenburg Gate 1125:union with Egypt 1096:, Saudi Arabia, 852:Arab nationalist 828:Mughrabi Quarter 692:1982 Lebanon War 672:military clashes 621:Arab nationalist 587: 580: 573: 555: 546: 484:War of the Camps 474:1982 Lebanon War 469:Battle of Zahleh 397:War of Attrition 343: 342: 340: 333: 332: 324: 317: 316: 313: 312: 295: 251: 249: 245: 198: 195:11 November 2004 184: 182: 165:Personal details 151: 139: 130: 107: 84: 75: 51: 41: 28: 27: 14912: 14911: 14907: 14906: 14905: 14903: 14902: 14901: 14722: 14721: 14720: 14715: 14697: 14633:Greater Morocco 14606: 14602:Pan-Arab colors 14597:Hawk of Quraish 14563: 14531: 14382:Arab Federation 14343: 14329:Abdullah Rimawi 14304:Mostéfa Merarda 14259:Muammar Gaddafi 14239:Ahmed Ben Bella 14214:Jamal al-Atassi 14204:Bashar al-Assad 14155: 14124: 14105:Black September 13983:Anglo-Iraqi War 13927: 13891: 13886: 13856: 13851: 13843: 13831: 13823: 13811: 13803: 13778:Jamal Khashoggi 13776:The Guardians: 13775: 13774: 13766: 13758: 13750: 13733: 13732: 13724: 13716: 13708: 13702:Mark Zuckerberg 13700: 13692: 13684: 13676: 13668: 13650: 13649: 13641: 13633: 13626:Sherron Watkins 13615: 13614: 13606: 13595: 13587: 13579: 13567: 13559: 13551: 13543: 13535: 13513: 13512: 13504: 13496: 13488: 13480: 13472: 13464: 13456: 13448: 13442:Peter Ueberroth 13440: 13428: 13420: 13412: 13404: 13396: 13388: 13380: 13372: 13361: 13314:Kathleen Byerly 13307: 13306: 13298: 13290: 13280:Henry Kissinger 13278: 13270: 13262: 13254: 13233: 13232: 13224: 13216: 13208: 13200: 13192: 13186:Pope John XXIII 13184: 13178:John F. Kennedy 13176: 13169:Robert Woodward 13165:James Van Allen 13110: 13109: 13101: 13093: 13085: 13077: 13069: 13061: 13055:Konrad Adenauer 13053: 13045: 13037: 13026: 13018: 13010: 13004:Harry S. Truman 13002: 12996:George Marshall 12994: 12988:James F. Byrnes 12986: 12980:Harry S. Truman 12978: 12970: 12964:George Marshall 12962: 12954: 12946: 12938: 12930: 12922: 12912:Chiang Kai-shek 12910: 12902: 12894: 12886: 12880:Hugh S. Johnson 12878: 12870: 12862: 12856:Mohandas Gandhi 12854: 12846: 12840:Walter Chrysler 12838: 12830: 12819: 12811: 12781: 12772: 12754:Ellen MacArthur 12714:Paris Agreement 12694: 12679: 12567:Valeri Polyakov 12420:Contadora group 12392: 12381: 12374: 12344: 12339: 12277: 12269: 12264:Reinhard Selten 12260:(United States) 12254:(United States) 12238: 12235:(United States) 12229:(United States) 12213: 12210:(United States) 12188: 12179:(Israel/Poland) 12157: 12137: 12122: 12115: 12085: 12080: 12075:to be announced 12069: 12058: 12045:Ales Bialiatski 12039: 12024: 12013: 12002: 11987: 11976: 11965: 11954: 11939: 11928: 11917: 11912:Tawakkol Karman 11898: 11887: 11876: 11865: 11850: 11835: 11820: 11815:Wangari Maathai 11809: 11798: 11787: 11772: 11761: 11753: 11745: 11733: 11721: 11709: 11697: 11681: 11669: 11661: 11653: 11645: 11637: 11629: 11621: 11613: 11605: 11597: 11589: 11577: 11569: 11561: 11553: 11541: 11533: 11521: 11510: 11505:Andrei Sakharov 11502: 11490: 11485:Henry Kissinger 11475: 11469: 11468: 11457: 11446: 11435: 11424: 11416: 11415: 11407: 11406: 11395: 11384: 11372: 11364: 11356: 11348: 11340: 11332: 11324: 11318: 11317: 11311: 11310: 11302: 11294: 11286: 11278: 11267: 11259: 11251: 11245: 11244: 11232: 11220: 11212: 11204: 11198: 11197: 11191: 11190: 11184: 11183: 11177: 11176: 11170: 11169: 11161: 11153: 11145: 11137: 11129: 11121: 11115: 11114: 11109:Nicholas Butler 11102: 11094: 11086: 11080: 11079: 11067: 11058:Aristide Briand 11055: 11044: 11032: 11026: 11025: 11019: 11018: 11013:Fridtjof Nansen 11010: 11005:Christian Lange 10998: 10990: 10982: 10976: 10975: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10954: 10953: 10947: 10946: 10938: 10930: 10918: 10910: 10898: 10886: 10874: 10866: 10858: 10850: 10842: 10830: 10815: 10804: 10795: 10765: 10760: 10728: 10724: 10718: 10712: 10709: 10679: 10674: 10665: 10647: 10642: 10612: 10603: 10571:Abraham Accords 10555: 10549: 10392: 10374:1981–1982 10270: 10224:Peel Commission 10159: 10157:peace proposals 10153: 10116: 10106: 10096: 10086: 10078: 10068: 10060: 10052: 10044: 10036: 10028: 10018: 10008: 10000: 9992: 9984: 9974: 9966: 9958: 9948: 9938: 9928: 9920: 9912: 9906:Second Intifada 9904: 9893: 9886:Grapes of Wrath 9883: 9873: 9861: 9851: 9843: 9835: 9827: 9819: 9809: 9801: 9793: 9785: 9775: 9767: 9756: 9746: 9738: 9728: 9720: 9712: 9704: 9694: 9688:Munich massacre 9686: 9678: 9670: 9662: 9652: 9644: 9636: 9628: 9620: 9612: 9601: 9593: 9585: 9577: 9570: 9559: 9554: 9517: 9496: 9475: 9415: 9371:Black September 9349: 9290:Lebanese Forces 9211: 9207:Ba'athist Syria 9203:Syrian Republic 9148:and authorities 9147: 9141: 9140: 9126: 9093: 9088: 9058: 9053: 9037: 8993: 8967:Second intifada 8924: 8878: 8848: 8827: 8806: 8804:splinter groups 8796: 8684: 8666: 8639: 8617: 8593: 8568: 8545: 8521: 8497: 8475: 8427: 8421:External videos 8416: 8414:Further reading 8411: 8410: 8400: 8398: 8386: 8382: 8372: 8370: 8369:. 17 March 2015 8361: 8360: 8356: 8346: 8344: 8328: 8324: 8314: 8312: 8302: 8298: 8288: 8286: 8279: 8275: 8265: 8263: 8256: 8252: 8242: 8240: 8231: 8230: 8226: 8216: 8214: 8207: 8200: 8190: 8188: 8176: 8172: 8162: 8160: 8147: 8146: 8142: 8132: 8130: 8123: 8119: 8109: 8107: 8094: 8083: 8077: 8070: 8068: 8022: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7997: 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7971: 7970: 7963: 7953: 7951: 7944: 7937: 7927: 7925: 7910: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7890:The Irish Times 7884: 7883: 7879: 7869: 7867: 7858: 7857: 7853: 7846: 7824: 7820: 7810: 7808: 7803: 7802: 7791: 7779: 7775: 7758: 7757: 7753: 7743: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7717: 7715: 7704: 7697: 7687: 7685: 7672: 7665: 7655: 7653: 7644: 7643: 7639: 7629: 7627: 7620:"No way to die" 7618: 7617: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7586: 7582: 7572: 7570: 7561: 7560: 7556: 7546: 7544: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7508: 7504: 7494: 7492: 7481: 7477: 7467: 7465: 7453: 7449: 7439: 7437: 7430:Chicago Tribune 7422: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7395: 7391: 7381: 7379: 7364: 7363: 7359: 7349: 7347: 7337: 7330: 7320: 7318: 7309: 7308: 7304: 7294: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7279: 7260: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7182: 7171: 7154: 7153: 7149: 7139: 7137: 7127: 7118: 7108: 7106: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7056: 7054: 7039: 7035: 7026: 7025: 7021: 7012: 7008: 6998: 6996: 6995:on 2 April 2015 6987: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6970: 6951: 6947: 6937: 6935: 6925: 6916: 6906: 6904: 6889: 6885: 6875: 6873: 6862: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6794: 6792: 6781: 6777: 6767: 6765: 6747: 6743: 6733: 6731: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6684: 6682: 6675:Al-Ahram Weekly 6667: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6644:The Independent 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6610: 6606: 6593: 6589: 6579: 6577: 6568: 6567: 6563: 6553: 6551: 6546:. 20 May 2004. 6538: 6537: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6510: 6506: 6496: 6494: 6481: 6477: 6454: 6450: 6440: 6438: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6395: 6391: 6379: 6375: 6364: 6360: 6349: 6342: 6332: 6330: 6312: 6308: 6297: 6288: 6278: 6276: 6267: 6266: 6262: 6254: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6218:on 15 July 2001 6210: 6209: 6205: 6195: 6193: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6169: 6167: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6142: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6116: 6112: 6102: 6100: 6099:on 29 July 2013 6087: 6086: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6059: 6055: 6044: 6040: 6033: 6023:Secret Channels 6016: 6012: 6001: 5990: 5980: 5978: 5969: 5968: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5944: 5943: 5939: 5929: 5927: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5906: 5881: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5845: 5844: 5840: 5830: 5828: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5790: 5786: 5768: 5764: 5750: 5746: 5738: 5731: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5715: 5701:Gilbert, Martin 5698: 5694: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5668:Ron, Jonathan, 5666: 5662: 5651: 5636: 5619: 5615: 5605: 5603: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5579: 5577: 5567: 5563: 5553: 5551: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5528: 5526: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5494: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5414: 5412: 5401: 5397: 5390: 5386: 5379: 5357: 5353: 5340: 5339: 5332: 5325: 5311:South End Press 5296: 5292: 5285: 5269: 5265: 5254: 5239: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5199: 5195: 5188: 5165: 5161: 5150: 5148: 5138: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5071: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5002: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4878: 4874: 4859: 4855: 4844: 4835: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4792: 4788: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4756: 4755: 4748: 4737: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4611: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4580: 4578: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4522: 4518: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4488: 4481: 4470: 4466: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4438: 4436: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4401: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4376: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4359: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4253: 4249: 4242: 4228: 4219: 4204: 4185: 4181: 4170: 4155: 4148: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4004:Cooley, John K. 4001: 3997: 3986: 3982: 3972:Khalil al-Wazir 3966: 3960: 3951: 3947: 3936: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3890: 3886: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3818: 3817: 3810: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3758: 3754: 3743: 3739: 3728: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3699: 3698: 3694: 3683: 3664: 3653: 3649: 3631:Said K. Aburish 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3568: 3564: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3433: 3429: 3418: 3403:"Arafat, Yasir" 3398: 3394: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3366:. 17 March 2016 3358: 3357: 3353: 3346: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3269: 3251: 3247: 3218: 3191: 3165: 3156: 3155: 3148: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3076:Politics portal 3074: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3046: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3011: 2921: 2915: 2877:or anywhere in 2824:guard of honour 2805: 2784:cerebrovascular 2757: 2703: 2698: 2660:. According to 2607:, in Tel Aviv. 2600: 2544: 2500: 2455: 2453: 2443:; US President 2412:Second Intifada 2323: 2271:Mohammed Dahlan 2204: 2171:direct taxation 2120: 2115: 2109: 2086:'s invasion of 2066:'. He accepted 2064:state terrorism 2048: 1992:Erez checkpoint 1977: 1971:for some time. 1950: 1847:Mahmoud Darwish 1796:Camille Chamoun 1726: 1716: 1677:plenary session 1631:Munich massacre 1550: 1545: 1505:Muammar Gaddafi 1485:Black September 1401: 1399:Black September 1395: 1357:suicide bombers 1289: 1283: 1255:Mohammed Heikal 1181: 1078:reverse acronym 1059:Khalil al-Wazir 1031:Sinai Peninsula 1015: 1010: 990:Ammar ibn Yasir 962: 942: 895:Egyptian forces 840: 797: 780: 648:State of Israel 591: 548: 540: 525: 521:Second Intifada 493: 489:Battle of Sidon 459:Chekka massacre 436: 407:Black September 386: 379: 369: 338: 336: 335: 334: 330: 328: 327: 253: 241: 237: 219:Political party 200: 196: 186: 180: 178: 176: 175: 149: 137: 131: 126: 105: 100: 82: 76: 71: 54: 42: 39: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14910: 14900: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14717: 14716: 14714: 14713: 14702: 14699: 14698: 14696: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14614: 14612: 14611:Related topics 14608: 14607: 14605: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14573: 14571: 14565: 14564: 14562: 14561: 14554: 14547: 14539: 14537: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14477:Islamic Legion 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14369: 14367:Al-Mourabitoun 14364: 14359: 14353: 14351: 14345: 14344: 14342: 14341: 14336: 14334:Hamdeen Sabahi 14331: 14326: 14324:Fuad al-Rikabi 14321: 14316: 14314:Adnan Pachachi 14311: 14306: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14284:Saddam Hussein 14281: 14276: 14274:Sati' al-Husri 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14211: 14209:Hafez al-Assad 14206: 14201: 14199:Zaki al-Arsuzi 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14165: 14163: 14157: 14156: 14154: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14132: 14130: 14126: 14125: 14123: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14080:Aden Emergency 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14025:Iraqi Intifada 14022: 14017: 14016: 14015: 14010: 14008:Yom Kippur War 14005: 14000: 13995: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13969: 13968: 13958: 13953: 13952: 13951: 13941: 13935: 13933: 13929: 13928: 13926: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13903:Arab socialism 13899: 13897: 13893: 13892: 13885: 13884: 13877: 13870: 13862: 13853: 13852: 13850: 13849: 13841: 13829: 13821: 13809: 13805:Greta Thunberg 13801: 13772: 13764: 13756: 13748: 13735:Ebola Fighters 13730: 13722: 13714: 13706: 13698: 13690: 13682: 13678:Vladimir Putin 13674: 13666: 13647: 13643:George W. Bush 13639: 13631: 13618:Cynthia Cooper 13612: 13603: 13601: 13597: 13596: 13594: 13593: 13589:George W. Bush 13585: 13577: 13565: 13557: 13549: 13541: 13533: 13524:Nelson Mandela 13520:F. W. de Klerk 13510: 13502: 13494: 13486: 13478: 13470: 13462: 13458:Corazon Aquino 13454: 13446: 13438: 13426: 13418: 13410: 13402: 13394: 13386: 13378: 13369: 13367: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13359: 13338:Barbara Jordan 13304: 13296: 13288: 13276: 13268: 13260: 13252: 13239:William Anders 13230: 13222: 13214: 13206: 13198: 13190: 13182: 13174: 13161:Charles Townes 13141:Edward Purcell 13117:Charles Draper 13107: 13099: 13091: 13083: 13075: 13071:Harlow Curtice 13067: 13059: 13051: 13043: 13034: 13032: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13024: 13016: 13008: 13000: 12992: 12984: 12976: 12968: 12960: 12952: 12944: 12936: 12928: 12920: 12916:Soong Mei-ling 12908: 12904:Wallis Simpson 12900: 12896:Haile Selassie 12892: 12884: 12876: 12868: 12860: 12852: 12844: 12836: 12827: 12825: 12821: 12820: 12810: 12809: 12802: 12795: 12787: 12778: 12777: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12770: 12763: 12756: 12750: 12744: 12738: 12728: 12722: 12716: 12706: 12699: 12696: 12695: 12685: 12684: 12681: 12680: 12678: 12677: 12671: 12664: 12658: 12652: 12642: 12636: 12623:(Mozambique), 12617: 12611: 12605: 12599: 12593: 12587: 12581: 12575: 12569: 12551: 12537:Fatiha Boudiaf 12521: 12511: 12505: 12499: 12489: 12483: 12481:Nelson Mandela 12473: 12466: 12460: 12454:Jacques Delors 12450: 12444: 12438: 12428: 12422: 12416: 12410: 12404: 12397: 12394: 12393: 12383: 12382: 12373: 12372: 12365: 12358: 12350: 12341: 12340: 12338: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12274: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12267: 12261: 12255: 12248: 12246: 12240: 12239: 12237: 12236: 12233:Martin Rodbell 12230: 12223: 12221: 12215: 12214: 12212: 12211: 12205: 12198: 12196: 12190: 12189: 12187: 12186: 12180: 12174: 12167: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12152: 12150: 12139: 12138: 12132: 12130: 12124: 12123: 12114: 12113: 12106: 12099: 12091: 12082: 12081: 12079: 12078: 12067: 12056: 12037: 12034:Dmitry Muratov 12022: 12011: 12000: 11985: 11974: 11963: 11952: 11937: 11926: 11923:European Union 11915: 11896: 11885: 11874: 11863: 11848: 11845:Muhammad Yunus 11833: 11818: 11807: 11796: 11785: 11778:United Nations 11769: 11767: 11763: 11762: 11760: 11759: 11751: 11743: 11731: 11719: 11707: 11704:Joseph Rotblat 11695: 11679: 11676:F. W. de Klerk 11672:Nelson Mandela 11667: 11659: 11651: 11643: 11635: 11627: 11619: 11611: 11603: 11595: 11587: 11575: 11567: 11559: 11551: 11548:Menachem Begin 11539: 11531: 11524:Betty Williams 11518: 11516: 11512: 11511: 11509: 11508: 11500: 11488: 11473: 11466: 11455: 11452:Norman Borlaug 11444: 11433: 11422: 11413: 11404: 11393: 11382: 11370: 11362: 11354: 11351:Albert Luthuli 11346: 11338: 11330: 11322: 11315: 11308: 11300: 11292: 11284: 11275: 11273: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11265: 11257: 11249: 11242: 11230: 11218: 11210: 11202: 11195: 11188: 11181: 11174: 11167: 11159: 11151: 11143: 11135: 11127: 11119: 11112: 11100: 11092: 11084: 11077: 11065: 11052: 11050: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11042: 11030: 11023: 11016: 11008: 10996: 10993:Léon Bourgeois 10988: 10985:Woodrow Wilson 10980: 10973: 10965: 10958: 10951: 10944: 10936: 10928: 10916: 10908: 10896: 10889:Klas Arnoldson 10884: 10877:Ernesto Moneta 10872: 10864: 10856: 10848: 10840: 10828: 10825:Frédéric Passy 10812: 10810: 10806: 10805: 10794: 10793: 10786: 10779: 10771: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10758: 10757:(2004–present) 10752: 10746: 10740: 10737:Ahmad Shukeiri 10733: 10730: 10729: 10708: 10707: 10700: 10693: 10685: 10676: 10675: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10663: 10658: 10652: 10649: 10648: 10641: 10640: 10633: 10626: 10618: 10609: 10608: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10601: 10595: 10594: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10567: 10560: 10558: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10547: 10541: 10535: 10529: 10523: 10517: 10507: 10489: 10479: 10473: 10463: 10457: 10451: 10441: 10435: 10429: 10423: 10413: 10407: 10400: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10391: 10390: 10384: 10378: 10372: 10366: 10360: 10341: 10331: 10321: 10311: 10301: 10295: 10285: 10278: 10276: 10272: 10271: 10269: 10268: 10262: 10256: 10250: 10244: 10238: 10232: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10192: 10186: 10180: 10174: 10167: 10165: 10161: 10160: 10155:Diplomacy and 10152: 10151: 10144: 10137: 10129: 10122: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10112: 10104: 10094: 10084: 10076: 10066: 10058: 10050: 10042: 10034: 10026: 10016: 10011:Returning Echo 10006: 9998: 9990: 9982: 9964: 9956: 9946: 9936: 9926: 9918: 9910: 9901: 9899: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9891: 9881: 9876:Accountability 9871: 9859: 9849: 9841: 9833: 9825: 9821:First Intifada 9817: 9807: 9799: 9795:Bus 300 affair 9791: 9783: 9773: 9764: 9762: 9758: 9757: 9755: 9754: 9744: 9736: 9726: 9718: 9710: 9702: 9692: 9684: 9676: 9668: 9664:Yom Kippur War 9660: 9650: 9642: 9634: 9626: 9618: 9609: 9607: 9603: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9591: 9583: 9575: 9567: 9565: 9561: 9560: 9553: 9552: 9545: 9538: 9530: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9515: 9510: 9504: 9502: 9498: 9497: 9495: 9494: 9492:United Nations 9489: 9487:European Union 9483: 9481: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9461:United Kingdom 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9427: 9425: 9421: 9420: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9357: 9355: 9351: 9350: 9348: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9295:al-Mourabitoun 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9226: 9224: 9217: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9209: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9178:Ba'athist Iraq 9171: 9166: 9157: 9151: 9149: 9143: 9142: 9139: 9138: 9135: 9132: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9102: 9095: 9094: 9087: 9086: 9079: 9072: 9064: 9055: 9054: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9035: 9030: 9029: 9028: 9018: 9009: 9003: 9001: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8990: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8969: 8964: 8962:First intifada 8959: 8957:Yom Kippur War 8954: 8953: 8952: 8941: 8936: 8932: 8930: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8886: 8884: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8876: 8871: 8864: 8856: 8854: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8846: 8841: 8835: 8833: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8820: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8807: 8795: 8794: 8787: 8780: 8772: 8766: 8765: 8756: 8745: 8734: 8725: 8716: 8705: 8696: 8683: 8682:External links 8680: 8679: 8678: 8664: 8651: 8637: 8621: 8615: 8597: 8591: 8572: 8566: 8554:Inside the PLO 8549: 8543: 8525: 8519: 8501: 8495: 8483:Gowers, Andrew 8479: 8473: 8446: 8445: 8423: 8422: 8415: 8412: 8409: 8408: 8380: 8354: 8322: 8296: 8273: 8250: 8224: 8198: 8170: 8140: 8117: 8081: 8036:(9900): 1308. 8016: 7990: 7961: 7935: 7903: 7877: 7851: 7844: 7818: 7789: 7773: 7751: 7725: 7695: 7663: 7637: 7611: 7580: 7554: 7528: 7502: 7475: 7447: 7416: 7389: 7357: 7328: 7302: 7277: 7254: 7228: 7202: 7169: 7147: 7116: 7090: 7064: 7033: 7019: 7006: 6980: 6953:Alon, Gideon; 6945: 6914: 6883: 6856: 6824: 6802: 6775: 6741: 6714: 6692: 6661: 6650:on 1 June 2004 6630: 6604: 6587: 6561: 6531: 6504: 6475: 6448: 6422: 6389: 6373: 6358: 6340: 6306: 6286: 6260: 6229: 6203: 6177: 6151: 6136: 6110: 6080: 6053: 6038: 6031: 6010: 5988: 5959: 5937: 5911: 5904: 5872: 5838: 5806: 5793:Blankley, Tony 5784: 5781:. p. 111. 5779:Fortress Press 5762: 5744: 5720: 5713: 5692: 5678: 5660: 5634: 5613: 5587: 5575:Jewish Journal 5561: 5536: 5506: 5503:. p. 346. 5501:Fatal Triangle 5488: 5458: 5432: 5395: 5384: 5377: 5351: 5330: 5323: 5290: 5283: 5263: 5237: 5219: 5193: 5186: 5159: 5132: 5106: 5080: 5062: 5036: 5011: 4991: 4965: 4958: 4931: 4904: 4897: 4872: 4853: 4833: 4822:, ed. (1988). 4811: 4804: 4786: 4771: 4746: 4726: 4697: 4679: 4672: 4646: 4616: 4609: 4601:Inside the PLO 4591: 4550: 4536: 4516: 4502: 4479: 4476:. p. 205. 4464: 4449: 4420: 4413: 4395: 4369: 4341: 4327: 4307: 4281: 4267: 4247: 4240: 4217: 4202: 4179: 4153: 4146: 4119: 4112: 4091: 4084: 4066:Gowers, Andrew 4057: 4050: 4029: 4022: 3995: 3980: 3945: 3915: 3884: 3869: 3841: 3824:The Daily Star 3808: 3801:"Milestones". 3793: 3767: 3752: 3737: 3722: 3692: 3662: 3647: 3614: 3588: 3562: 3545: 3538: 3518: 3496: 3470: 3452: 3438:, rather than 3427: 3416: 3392: 3377: 3364:Alluring World 3351: 3344: 3324: 3313:. Random House 3311:dictionary.com 3298: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3245: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3065: 3051: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3010: 3007: 2948:Patrice Mangin 2917:Main article: 2914: 2911: 2875:Masjid Al-Aqsa 2832:Jacques Chirac 2804: 2801: 2756: 2755:Failing health 2753: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2639:Cayman Islands 2599: 2596: 2543: 2540: 2499: 2496: 2452: 2449: 2445:George W. Bush 2322: 2319: 2303:postal service 2232:Prime Minister 2203: 2200: 2167:social welfare 2153:following the 2119: 2116: 2108: 2105: 2084:Saddam Hussein 2047: 2044: 2028:tax resistance 1981:First Intifada 1976: 1975:First Intifada 1973: 1949: 1946: 1893:Mehdi Bazargan 1788:Tigers Militia 1784:Bachir Gemayel 1764:Hafez al-Assad 1757:Kamal Jumblatt 1715: 1712: 1700:Saddam Hussein 1646:East Jerusalem 1623:Mohammed Oudeh 1606:carried out a 1575:, in the 1970s 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1533:Hafez al-Assad 1483:to end to the 1458:Athens Airport 1450:Dawson's Field 1413:Nayef Hawatmeh 1394: 1391: 1329:Jordanian Army 1321:Nayef Hawatmeh 1285:Main article: 1282: 1279: 1259:Ahmad Shukeiri 1180: 1177: 1169:Hafez al-Assad 1112:(where he met 1017:Following the 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 961: 958: 941: 938: 883:Israeli troops 839: 836: 796: 793: 790:in Cairo, 1942 779: 776: 703:right to exist 593: 592: 590: 589: 582: 575: 567: 564: 563: 557: 556: 539: 538: 532: 531: 524: 523: 518: 513: 508: 502: 501: 492: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 445: 444: 435: 434: 429: 424: 422:First Intifada 419: 416:PLO in Lebanon 409: 404: 399: 393: 392: 390:Pre-presidency 378: 377: 368: 367: 362: 357: 349: 348: 345: 344: 331:a series about 325: 309: 308: 305: 304: 301: 297: 296: 289: 285: 284: 282:Civil engineer 279: 275: 274: 269: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 239: 233: 232: 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 199:(aged 75) 193: 189: 188: 185:24 August 1929 173: 171: 167: 166: 162: 161: 158: 157: 152: 146: 145: 140: 134: 133: 123: 122: 115: 114: 108: 102: 101: 99: 98: 93: 87: 85: 83:Prime Minister 79: 78: 68: 67: 60: 59: 56: 55: 53:Arafat in 1996 52: 44: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14909: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14732:Yasser Arafat 14730: 14729: 14727: 14712: 14704: 14703: 14700: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14643:Greater Yemen 14641: 14639: 14638:Greater Syria 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14615: 14613: 14609: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14574: 14572: 14570: 14566: 14560: 14559: 14555: 14553: 14552: 14548: 14546: 14545: 14541: 14540: 14538: 14534: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14354: 14352: 14350: 14349:Organizations 14346: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14320: 14317: 14315: 14312: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14269:George Habash 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14249:Izzat Darwaza 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14185: 14184:Yasser Arafat 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14162: 14161:Personalities 14158: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14136:Arab identity 14134: 14133: 14131: 14127: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14050:Arab Cold War 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13990: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13967: 13964: 13963: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13950: 13947: 13946: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13936: 13934: 13930: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13900: 13898: 13894: 13890: 13883: 13878: 13876: 13871: 13869: 13864: 13863: 13860: 13846: 13842: 13838: 13834: 13830: 13826: 13822: 13818: 13817:Kamala Harris 13814: 13810: 13806: 13802: 13797: 13796: 13791: 13787: 13783: 13779: 13773: 13769: 13765: 13761: 13757: 13753: 13752:Angela Merkel 13749: 13744: 13743:Salome Karwah 13740: 13736: 13731: 13727: 13723: 13719: 13715: 13711: 13710:The Protester 13707: 13703: 13699: 13695: 13691: 13687: 13683: 13679: 13675: 13671: 13667: 13662: 13661:Melinda Gates 13658: 13654: 13648: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13632: 13627: 13623: 13622:Coleen Rowley 13619: 13613: 13609: 13605: 13604: 13602: 13598: 13590: 13586: 13582: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13566: 13562: 13558: 13554: 13550: 13546: 13545:Newt Gingrich 13542: 13538: 13534: 13529: 13528:Yitzhak Rabin 13525: 13521: 13517: 13516:Yasser Arafat 13511: 13507: 13503: 13499: 13495: 13491: 13487: 13483: 13479: 13475: 13471: 13467: 13463: 13459: 13455: 13451: 13450:Deng Xiaoping 13447: 13443: 13439: 13435: 13434:Yuri Andropov 13431: 13430:Ronald Reagan 13427: 13423: 13419: 13415: 13411: 13407: 13406:Ronald Reagan 13403: 13399: 13395: 13391: 13390:Deng Xiaoping 13387: 13383: 13379: 13375: 13371: 13370: 13368: 13364: 13355: 13351: 13347: 13343: 13339: 13335: 13331: 13327: 13323: 13319: 13315: 13311: 13305: 13301: 13297: 13293: 13289: 13285: 13284:Richard Nixon 13281: 13277: 13273: 13272:Richard Nixon 13269: 13265: 13261: 13257: 13253: 13248: 13244: 13240: 13236: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13219: 13215: 13211: 13207: 13203: 13199: 13195: 13191: 13187: 13183: 13179: 13175: 13170: 13166: 13162: 13158: 13157:Edward Teller 13154: 13150: 13146: 13142: 13138: 13137:Linus Pauling 13134: 13133:Willard Libby 13130: 13126: 13122: 13118: 13114: 13113:George Beadle 13108: 13104: 13100: 13096: 13092: 13088: 13084: 13080: 13076: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13047:Elizabeth II 13044: 13040: 13036: 13035: 13033: 13029: 13021: 13017: 13013: 13009: 13005: 13001: 12997: 12993: 12989: 12985: 12981: 12977: 12973: 12969: 12965: 12961: 12957: 12956:Joseph Stalin 12953: 12949: 12945: 12941: 12937: 12933: 12932:Joseph Stalin 12929: 12925: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12897: 12893: 12889: 12885: 12881: 12877: 12873: 12869: 12865: 12861: 12857: 12853: 12849: 12848:Owen D. Young 12845: 12841: 12837: 12833: 12829: 12828: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12816: 12808: 12803: 12801: 12796: 12794: 12789: 12788: 12785: 12768: 12764: 12761: 12757: 12755: 12751: 12749: 12745: 12743: 12739: 12737: 12733: 12729: 12727: 12723: 12721: 12717: 12715: 12711: 12707: 12705: 12701: 12700: 12697: 12690: 12686: 12676: 12672: 12669: 12665: 12663: 12659: 12657: 12653: 12651: 12647: 12643: 12641: 12637: 12634: 12630: 12626: 12622: 12618: 12616: 12612: 12610: 12606: 12604: 12600: 12598: 12594: 12592: 12588: 12586: 12582: 12580: 12576: 12574: 12570: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12556: 12552: 12550: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12520: 12516: 12512: 12510: 12506: 12504: 12500: 12498: 12497:Yasser Arafat 12494: 12493:Yitzhak Rabin 12490: 12488: 12484: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12471: 12467: 12465: 12461: 12459: 12455: 12451: 12449: 12445: 12443: 12439: 12437: 12433: 12429: 12427: 12426:Raúl Alfonsín 12423: 12421: 12417: 12415: 12411: 12409: 12405: 12403: 12399: 12398: 12395: 12388: 12384: 12379: 12371: 12366: 12364: 12359: 12357: 12352: 12351: 12348: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12280: 12276: 12275: 12272: 12265: 12262: 12259: 12256: 12253: 12252:John Harsanyi 12250: 12249: 12247: 12245: 12241: 12234: 12231: 12228: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12220: 12216: 12209: 12206: 12203: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12195: 12191: 12184: 12183:Yitzhak Rabin 12181: 12178: 12175: 12172: 12171:Yasser Arafat 12169: 12168: 12166: 12164: 12160: 12155: 12151: 12148: 12144: 12140: 12135: 12131: 12129: 12125: 12120: 12112: 12107: 12105: 12100: 12098: 12093: 12092: 12089: 12076: 12072: 12068: 12065: 12061: 12057: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12020: 12016: 12012: 12009: 12005: 12001: 11998: 11994: 11993:Denis Mukwege 11990: 11986: 11983: 11979: 11975: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11935: 11931: 11927: 11924: 11920: 11916: 11913: 11909: 11908:Leymah Gbowee 11905: 11901: 11897: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11883: 11879: 11875: 11872: 11868: 11864: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11849: 11846: 11842: 11838: 11834: 11831: 11827: 11823: 11819: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11805: 11801: 11797: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11783: 11779: 11775: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11764: 11757: 11752: 11749: 11744: 11741: 11740:David Trimble 11737: 11732: 11729: 11728:Jody Williams 11725: 11720: 11717: 11713: 11708: 11705: 11701: 11696: 11693: 11692:Yasser Arafat 11689: 11688:Yitzhak Rabin 11685: 11680: 11677: 11673: 11668: 11665: 11660: 11657: 11652: 11649: 11644: 11641: 11636: 11633: 11628: 11625: 11620: 11617: 11612: 11609: 11604: 11601: 11596: 11593: 11588: 11585: 11581: 11576: 11573: 11568: 11565: 11560: 11557: 11556:Mother Teresa 11552: 11549: 11545: 11540: 11537: 11532: 11529: 11525: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11513: 11506: 11501: 11498: 11494: 11493:Seán MacBride 11489: 11486: 11482: 11480: 11474: 11467: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11442: 11438: 11434: 11431: 11427: 11423: 11419: 11414: 11410: 11405: 11402: 11398: 11394: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11376: 11371: 11368: 11367:Linus Pauling 11363: 11360: 11355: 11352: 11347: 11344: 11339: 11336: 11331: 11328: 11323: 11316: 11309: 11306: 11301: 11298: 11293: 11290: 11285: 11282: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11270: 11263: 11258: 11255: 11254:John Boyd Orr 11250: 11243: 11240: 11236: 11231: 11228: 11224: 11219: 11216: 11211: 11208: 11203: 11196: 11189: 11182: 11175: 11168: 11165: 11160: 11157: 11152: 11149: 11144: 11141: 11136: 11133: 11128: 11125: 11124:Norman Angell 11120: 11113: 11110: 11106: 11101: 11098: 11093: 11090: 11085: 11078: 11075: 11074:Ludwig Quidde 11071: 11066: 11063: 11059: 11054: 11053: 11051: 11047: 11040: 11039:Charles Dawes 11036: 11031: 11024: 11017: 11014: 11009: 11006: 11002: 10997: 10994: 10989: 10986: 10981: 10974: 10971: 10966: 10959: 10952: 10945: 10942: 10937: 10934: 10929: 10926: 10922: 10917: 10914: 10909: 10906: 10902: 10897: 10894: 10893:Fredrik Bajer 10890: 10885: 10882: 10881:Louis Renault 10878: 10873: 10870: 10865: 10862: 10857: 10854: 10849: 10846: 10845:Randal Cremer 10841: 10838: 10837:Charles Gobat 10834: 10833:Élie Ducommun 10829: 10826: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10813: 10811: 10807: 10803: 10799: 10792: 10787: 10785: 10780: 10778: 10773: 10772: 10769: 10756: 10755:Mahmoud Abbas 10753: 10750: 10749:Yasser Arafat 10747: 10744: 10743:Yahya Hammuda 10741: 10738: 10735: 10734: 10731: 10727: 10721: 10715: 10706: 10701: 10699: 10694: 10692: 10687: 10686: 10683: 10672: 10662: 10661:Mahmoud Abbas 10659: 10657: 10656:Yasser Arafat 10654: 10653: 10650: 10646: 10639: 10634: 10632: 10627: 10625: 10620: 10619: 10616: 10600: 10596: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10573: 10572: 10568: 10566: 10562: 10561: 10559: 10552: 10546: 10542: 10540: 10536: 10534: 10530: 10528: 10524: 10522: 10518: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10490: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10478: 10474: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10462: 10458: 10456: 10452: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10440: 10436: 10434: 10430: 10428: 10424: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10412: 10408: 10406: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10395: 10389: 10385: 10383: 10379: 10377: 10373: 10371: 10367: 10365: 10361: 10359: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10342: 10340: 10336: 10332: 10330: 10326: 10322: 10320: 10316: 10312: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10300: 10296: 10294: 10290: 10286: 10284: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10273: 10267: 10263: 10261: 10257: 10255: 10252:1946–47 10251: 10249: 10245: 10243: 10239: 10237: 10233: 10231: 10227: 10225: 10221: 10219: 10215: 10213: 10209: 10207: 10203: 10201: 10197: 10193: 10191: 10187: 10185: 10181: 10179: 10175: 10173: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10162: 10158: 10150: 10145: 10143: 10138: 10136: 10131: 10130: 10127: 10123: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10100: 10095: 10091: 10090: 10089:Breaking Dawn 10085: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10072: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10022: 10017: 10013: 10012: 10007: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9972: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9952: 9951:Autumn Clouds 9947: 9943: 9942: 9937: 9933: 9932: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9896: 9888: 9887: 9882: 9878: 9877: 9872: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9856: 9855: 9850: 9846: 9842: 9838: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9813: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9779: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9765: 9763: 9759: 9751: 9750: 9745: 9741: 9737: 9733: 9732: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9698: 9693: 9689: 9685: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9656: 9651: 9647: 9643: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9614:Samu incident 9611: 9610: 9608: 9604: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9573: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9551: 9546: 9544: 9539: 9537: 9532: 9531: 9528: 9524: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9501:Former states 9499: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9480:Transnational 9478: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9466:United States 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9422: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9381:Holy War Army 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9352: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9255:Army of Islam 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9221: 9218: 9216:Organizations 9214: 9208: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9174:Iraqi Kingdom 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9155:All-Palestine 9153: 9152: 9150: 9144: 9137:Organizations 9136: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9123: 9118: 9116: 9111: 9109: 9104: 9103: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9085: 9080: 9078: 9073: 9071: 9066: 9065: 9062: 9052: 9051: 9040: 9034: 9031: 9027: 9024: 9023: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8996: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8927: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8881: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8869: 8865: 8863: 8862: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8851: 8845: 8844:Mahmoud Abbas 8842: 8840: 8839:Yasser Arafat 8837: 8836: 8834: 8830: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8793: 8788: 8786: 8781: 8779: 8774: 8773: 8770: 8764: 8760: 8759:Yasser Arafat 8757: 8755: 8754: 8749: 8748:Yasser Arafat 8746: 8744: 8743: 8738: 8737:Yasser Arafat 8735: 8733: 8729: 8728:Yasser Arafat 8726: 8724: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8689: 8688:Yasser Arafat 8686: 8685: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8661: 8657: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8638:9780826414137 8634: 8630: 8626: 8625:Sela, Avraham 8622: 8618: 8612: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8579: 8573: 8569: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8550: 8546: 8540: 8536: 8535: 8530: 8529:Karsh, Efraim 8526: 8522: 8516: 8512: 8511: 8506: 8502: 8498: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8470: 8466: 8461: 8460: 8454: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8440: 8438: 8434: 8424: 8419: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8384: 8368: 8364: 8358: 8343: 8339: 8338: 8333: 8326: 8311: 8307: 8300: 8284: 8277: 8261: 8254: 8238: 8234: 8228: 8212: 8205: 8203: 8187: 8186: 8181: 8174: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8144: 8128: 8121: 8105: 8104: 8099: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8027: 8020: 8005:. 3 July 2012 8004: 8000: 7994: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7966: 7949: 7942: 7940: 7923: 7919: 7918: 7913: 7907: 7891: 7887: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7847: 7841: 7837: 7832: 7831: 7822: 7806: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7786: 7782: 7777: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7755: 7739: 7732: 7730: 7713: 7709: 7702: 7700: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7670: 7668: 7651: 7647: 7641: 7625: 7621: 7615: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7584: 7568: 7564: 7558: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7517: 7513: 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6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6300: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6253: 6246: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6217: 6213: 6207: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6145: 6140: 6125: 6121: 6114: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6084: 6068: 6064: 6057: 6050: 6047: 6042: 6034: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6004: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5964: 5947: 5941: 5925: 5921: 5915: 5907: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5891: 5885: 5884:Carter, James 5879: 5877: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5842: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5816: 5810: 5803:. p. 77. 5802: 5798: 5794: 5788: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5771:Younan, Munib 5766: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5737: 5730: 5724: 5716: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5688: 5682: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5658: 5654: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5617: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5525:on 9 May 2006 5524: 5520: 5516: 5510: 5502: 5498: 5497:Chomsky, Noam 5492: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5462: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5421: 5417: 5410: 5406: 5399: 5393: 5388: 5380: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5335: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5300: 5299:Chomsky, Noam 5294: 5286: 5284:9781475906721 5280: 5276: 5275: 5267: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5189: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5147: 5143: 5136: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5074: 5069: 5067: 5050: 5046: 5040: 5021: 5015: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4940:Morris, Benny 4935: 4919: 4915: 4908: 4900: 4894: 4889: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4868: 4864: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4807: 4805:0-7146-5392-6 4801: 4797: 4790: 4782: 4775: 4759: 4753: 4751: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4714: 4707: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4675: 4669: 4665: 4662:. Cambridge: 4660: 4659: 4650: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4612: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4539: 4537:9781439894736 4533: 4530:. CRC Press. 4529: 4528: 4520: 4505: 4503:9781851098422 4499: 4495: 4494: 4486: 4484: 4475: 4468: 4460: 4453: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4416: 4410: 4406: 4399: 4383: 4382:The Telegraph 4379: 4373: 4357: 4353: 4345: 4330: 4328:9781429944472 4324: 4321:. Macmillan. 4320: 4319: 4311: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4270: 4268:9781583404416 4264: 4260: 4259: 4251: 4243: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4149: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4128:Oren, Michael 4123: 4115: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4087: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4061: 4053: 4047: 4043: 4042:Tried by Fire 4039: 4033: 4025: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3992:. p. 64. 3991: 3984: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3858: 3857: 3852: 3845: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3813: 3804: 3797: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3658: 3657:Yasser Arafat 3651: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3623:Andrew Gowers 3618: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3558: 3557: 3549: 3541: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3522: 3506: 3500: 3484: 3480: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3347: 3341: 3337: 3336: 3328: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3296:, p. 272 3295: 3291: 3287: 3286:Helena Cobban 3282: 3278: 3263: 3249: 3241: 3229: 3224: 3215: 3214:Yāsir ʿArafāt 3209: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3186: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3143: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3052: 3049: 3038: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2925: 2920: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2903:Mahmoud Abbas 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2849: 2848:Sayed Tantawi 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2814: 2809: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2606: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2568:Mahmoud Abbas 2565: 2561: 2557: 2556:Ahmad Sa'adat 2552: 2550: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2492: 2485: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2345:In mid-1996, 2340: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2307:Samiha Khalil 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2275:Jibril Rajoub 2272: 2268: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2185:, along with 2184: 2180: 2179:Yitzhak Rabin 2175: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2127:Yitzhak Rabin 2124: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2101:Libyan Desert 2098: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2078:Prior to the 2076: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2054: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2024:burning tires 2021: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1928:—to exile in 1927: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1898: 1895:, days after 1894: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1871:Tel Aviv-Yafo 1868: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1851:George Habash 1848: 1843: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1820:Lebanese Army 1816: 1812: 1808: 1807:Lebanese Army 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1574: 1571:, founder of 1570: 1565: 1559: 1554: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1383:Yahya Hammuda 1380: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1349:Golan Heights 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1288: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1267:Yahya Hammuda 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1220:George Habash 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1187:administered 1186: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153:Mezzeh Prison 1149: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114:Mahmoud Abbas 1111: 1107: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1086:Islamic times 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1008:Rise of Fatah 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 986:nom de guerre 982: 981:Hosni Mubarak 978: 973: 971: 967: 957: 955: 951: 947: 940:Personal life 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 918:King Farouk I 916:overthrowing 915: 911: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 871: 869: 865: 861: 858:, for use by 857: 853: 849: 848:Theodor Herzl 845: 835: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 789: 784: 775: 773: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 739:Yitzhak Rabin 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 705:and sought a 704: 700: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 603: 599: 598:Yasser Arafat 588: 583: 581: 576: 574: 569: 568: 566: 565: 562: 561: 560:Media gallery 554: 550: 549: 547: 545: 537: 534: 533: 530: 527: 526: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 503: 500: 499: 495: 494: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 443: 442: 438: 437: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 417: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 394: 391: 388: 387: 385: 383: 376: 375: 371: 370: 366: 363: 361: 358: 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Khan 12603:Simone Veil 12555:Pedro Duque 12525:Emma Bonino 12509:Helmut Kohl 12448:Óscar Arias 12173:(Palestine) 12119:Nobel Prize 12030:Maria Ressa 11997:Nadia Murad 11712:Carlos Belo 11624:Óscar Arias 11616:Elie Wiesel 11592:Lech Wałęsa 11580:Alva Myrdal 11544:Anwar Sadat 11497:Eisaku Satō 11430:René Cassin 11223:Emily Balch 11105:Jane Addams 10751:(1969–2004) 10745:(1967–1969) 10739:(1964–1967) 10461:Taba Summit 10230:White Paper 10110:(2023–2024) 10040:(2015–2016) 9988:(2008–2009) 9980:(2007–2008) 9960:Lebanon War 9908:(2000–2005) 9823:(1987–1993) 9787:Lebanon War 9700:(1972–1979) 9648:(1968–1982) 9632:(1967–1970) 9622:Six-Day War 9595:Suez Crisis 9589:(1949–1956) 9581:(1948–1949) 9451:North Korea 9245:Arab League 9134:Authorities 8939:Six-Day War 8900:Fatah Hawks 8861:Falastinuna 8719:Appearances 8243:12 February 8163:14 November 8009:12 February 7954:12 February 7870:15 November 7714:(in French) 7440:21 December 6999:8 September 6955:Hass, Amira 6938:12 February 6933:cbsnews.com 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Line 1108:, such as 1035:Gaza Strip 998:companions 970:al-Husayni 946:Suha Tawil 870:militias. 860:irregulars 778:Early life 498:Presidency 355:Early life 278:Profession 267:Alma mater 181:1929-08-24 40:ياسر عرفات 14569:Symbolism 13913:Nasserism 13908:Ba'athism 13825:Elon Musk 13813:Joe Biden 13573:Ken Starr 13366:1976–2000 13031:1951–1975 12824:1927–1950 12704:Knowledge 12266:(Germany) 12128:Chemistry 12121:laureates 11736:John Hume 11515:1976–2000 11272:1951–1975 11227:John Mott 11049:1926–1950 10809:1901–1925 10798:Laureates 10397:1991–2016 10376:Fahd Plan 10275:1948–1983 9898:2000–2021 9761:1980–1999 9606:1960–1979 9564:1947–1959 9340:as-Sa'iqa 9280:Hezbollah 9230:Abu Nidal 9131:Countries 8929:Conflicts 8433:Booknotes 8050:0140-6736 7594:USA Today 6763:0362-4331 6381:Hart 1989 6366:Hart 1989 6351:Hart 1989 6333:24 August 6222:24 August 5606:25 August 5549:Reset DOC 5529:25 August 5481:9 October 5451:9 October 4639:24 August 4571:0040-781X 3627:Alan Hart 3440:President 3385:Hart 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