34:
644:. Through this binding, the integrins cluster, thereby activating FAK, and causing a corresponding reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Subsequent internalization of bound bacteria occurs when the actin-depolymerising Yops are not being expressed. The protein encoded on the "attachment invasion locus" named Ail also bestows attachment and invasive abilities upon Yersiniae while interfering with the binding of complement on the bacterial surface. To increase binding specificity, the fibrillar pH6 antigen targets bacteria to target intestinal cells only when thermoinduced.
77:
565:. In addition, YopJ inhibits TNF-α release from many cell types, possibly through an inhibitory action on NF-κB, suppressing inflammation and the immune response. By secretion through a type III pathway and localization in the nucleus by a vesicle-associated, microtubule-dependent method, YopM may alter host cell growth by binding to RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase), which regulates cell cycle regulation genes. YadA has lost its adhesion,
742:
1250:
Andrey; Khalyapin, Mikhail Viktorovich; Gnuni, Artak; Kriiska, Aivar; Lasak, Irena; Metspalu, Mait; Moiseyev, Vyacheslav; Gromov, Andrei; Pokutta, Dalia; Saag, Lehti; Varul, Liivi; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas; Foley, Robert A.; Lahr, Marta Mirazón; Nielsen, Rasmus; et al. (2015).
480:
genes external to this core region. The sole exception is LcrV, which is also known as the "versatile Yop" for its two roles as an effector Yop and as a regulatory Yop. The combined function of these effector Yops permits the bacteria to resist internalization by immune and intestinal cells and to
451:
and help to translocate secretory Yops to the target cell. For example, YopN and TyeA are positioned as a plug on the apparatus so only their conformational change, induced by their interaction with certain host cell membrane proteins, will cause the unblocking of the secretory pathway. Secretion
1249:
Rasmussen, Simon; Allentoft, Morten Erik; Nielsen, Kasper; Orlando, Ludovic; Sikora, Martin; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Pedersen, Anders Gorm; Schubert, Mikkel; Van Dam, Alex; Kapel, Christian Moliin Outzen; Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn; Brunak, Søren; Avetisyan, Pavel; Epimakhov,
956:
smFISH technique it was shown that the number of YSR35 RNA increased 2.5 times upon temperature shift from 25 °C to 37 °C. Another study uncovered that a temperature-induced global reprogramming of central metabolic functions are likely to support intestinal colonization of the pathogen.
528:
while giving cytotoxic changes in the host cell. YopT targets Rho GTPase, commonly named "RhoA", and uncouples it from the membrane, leaving it in an inactive RhoA-GDI (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor)-bound state whereas YopE and YpkA convert Rho proteins to their inactive GDP-bound
493:-encoded Sycs (specific Yop chaperones), which prevent premature interaction with other proteins and guide the Yops to a type-III secretory apparatus. In addition to the Syc-Yop complex, Yops are also tagged for type III secretion either by the first 60nt in their corresponding
957:
Environmentally controlled regulatory RNAs coordinate control of metabolism and virulence allowing rapid adaptation and high flexibility during life-style changes. High-throughput RNA structure probing identified many thermoresponsive RNA structures.
728:
resistance through the expression of Yops and the type III pathway; yet, by limited pYV action, it can populate host cells, especially macrophages, intracellularly to further evade immune responses and be disseminated throughout the body.
704:. Strains that carry the exotoxin gene are rare in Western countries, where the disease, when at all apparent, manifests itself largely with minor symptoms, whereas more than 95% of strains from Far Eastern countries contain
1647:
promotes deactivation of macrophage mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Correlation with its inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha
2916:
537:
or undermine host cell immune response signal cascades since YpkA is targeted to the cytoplasmic side of the host cell membrane. YopH acts on host focal adhesion sites by dephosphorylating several
561:
with YpkA, "...interferes with the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activities of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase", leading to macrophage
328:
is usually only able to colonize hosts by peripheral routes and cause serious disease in immunocompromised individuals, if this bacterium gains access to the blood stream, it has an LD
3042:
2824:
Righetti, Francesco; Nuss, Aaron M.; Twittenhoff, Christian; Beele, Sascha; Urban, Kristina; Will, Sebastian; Bernhart, Stephan H.; Stadler, Peter F.; Dersch, Petra (2016-06-28).
419:
genes, which regulate the expression and secretion of Yops. Many Ysc proteins also amalgamate to form a type-III secretory apparatus, which secretes many Yops into the host cell
286:
Far East scarlet-like fever usually becomes apparent five to 10 days after exposure and typically lasts one to three weeks without treatment. In complex cases or those involving
2714:
Shepherd, Douglas P.; Li, Nan; Micheva-Viteva, Sofiya N.; Munsky, Brian; Hong-Geller, Elizabeth; Werner, James H. (2013-05-21). "Counting small RNA in pathogenic bacteria".
2375:
Carnoy C, Loiez C, Faveeuw C, Grangette C, Desreumaux P, Simonet M (2004). "Impact of the
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis -Derived Mitogen (YPM) on the Murine Immune System".
371:
argued for a divergence around 6,000 years ago. These modern estimates differ dramatically from earlier suggestions in popular scientific literature which claimed that
2767:"Transcriptomic profiling of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis reveals reprogramming of the Crp regulon by temperature and uncovers Crp as a master regulator of small RNAs"
841:
263:(fever and right-sided abdominal pain), except that the diarrheal component is often absent, which sometimes makes the resulting condition difficult to diagnose.
4703:
516:
to form large colonies without inducing systemic failure and, with YopQ, contributes to the translocation process by bringing YopB and YopD to the eukaryotic
3035:
2526:
Nikolova S, Najdenski H, Wesselinova D, Vesselinova A, Kazatchca D, Neikov P (1997). "Immunological and electronmicroscopic studies in pigs infected with
664:
gene. YPM specifically binds and causes the proliferation of T lymphocytes expressing the Vβ3, Vβ7, Vβ8, Vβ9, Vβ13.1, and Vβ13.2 variable regions with
4677:
3028:
948:
have been identified to play regulatory functions. Some can regulate the virulence genes. 150 unannotated sRNAs were identified by sequencing of
367:
relatively recently - about 1,500 to 20,000 years ago, and shortly before the first historically recorded outbreaks in humans. A 2015 paper in
2765:
Nuss, Aaron M.; Heroven, Ann
Kathrin; Waldmann, Barbara; Reinkensmeier, Jan; Jarek, Michael; Beckstette, Michael; Dersch, Petra (2015-03-01).
4716:
952:
RNA libraries from bacteria grown at 26 °C and 37 °C, suggesting they may play a role in pathogenesis. By using single-molecule
2657:"Global discovery of small RNAs in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis identifies Yersinia-specific small, noncoding RNAs required for virulence"
504:. LcrV, YopQ, YopE, YopT, YopH, YpkA, YopJ, YopM, and YadA are all secreted by the type-III secretory pathway. LcrV inhibits neutrophil
1151:
Brubaker RR (1983). "The Vwa+ virulence factor of yersiniae: the molecular basis of the attendant nutritional requirement for Ca++".
924:
topology. YpM molecular weight is about 14 kDa. Structurally, it is unlike any other superantigen, but is remarkably similar to the
4664:
2152:
632:
adheres strongly to intestinal cells via chromosomally encoded proteins so that Yop secretion may occur, to avoid being removed by
4690:
51:
2066:
Cornelis GR, Sluiters C, Delor I, Geib D, Kaniga K, Lambert de
Rouvroit C, Sory MP, Vanooteghem JC, Michiels T (1991). "ymoA, a
476:
genes listed above, the Yops that act directly on host cells to cause cytopathologic effects – "effector Yops" – are encoded by
2471:"Geographical heterogeneity between Far Eastern and Western countries in prevalence of the virulence plasmid, the superantigen
1547:, tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas and FAK, and the associated accumulation of these proteins in peripheral focal adhesions"
4616:
4208:
2392:
1090:
1048:
995:
789:
4695:
861:
3858:
3603:
320:
The symptoms of fever and abdominal pain mimicking appendicitis (actually from mesenteric lymphadenitis) associated with
4772:
2418:"Geographical heterogeneity between Far East and Europe in prevalence of ypm gene encoding the novel superantigen among
3284:
1132:
953:
1598:
YpkA Ser/Thr kinase is translocated and subsequently targeted to the inner surface of the HeLa cell plasma membrane".
3412:
3055:
1311:
3848:
1641:
Ruckdeschel K, Machold J, Roggenkamp A, Schubert S, Pierre J, Zumbihl R, Liautard JP, Heesemann J, Rouot B (1997).
423:
with the assistance of the "translocation apparatus", constructed of YopB and YopD. The core region also includes
3853:
3394:
966:
387:. Superantigens, bacterial adhesions, and the actions of Yops (which are bacterial proteins once thought to be "
4721:
2992:
557:
responses to antigen-binding, YopH elicits antiphagocytic and other anti-immune effects. YopJ, which shares an
3426:
3020:
395:
virulence" – commonly known as the pYV – cause host pathogenesis and allow the bacteria to live parasitically.
4516:
849:
3242:
2616:"Crystal and solution structures of a superantigen from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis reveal a jelly-roll fold"
2113:
Isberg RR, Van Nhieu GT (1994). "Two mammalian cell internalization strategies used by pathogenic bacteria".
2655:
Koo, Jovanka T.; Alleyne, Trevis M.; Schiano, Chelsea A.; Jafari, Nadereh; Lathem, Wyndham W. (2011-09-13).
4412:
3736:
3172:
712:. Although the superantigen poses the greatest threat to host health, all virulence factors contribute to
324:
infection are not typical of the diarrhea and vomiting from classical food poisoning incidents. Although
4073:
3683:
254:
199:
936:
Some highly similar homologous variants of YPM have been characterized, including YPMa, YPMb, and YPMc.
897:. Since YpM can activate large numbers of the T cell population, this leads the release of inflammatory
271:, especially in children and younger adults, and, in rare cases, the disease may cause skin complaints (
4152:
845:
4731:
3873:
3708:
3677:
3607:
3388:
3130:
802:
76:
2341:
4348:
4251:
4130:
3868:
3863:
3747:
3536:
3355:
3278:
3270:
2932:
621:
gene, changes conformation, allowing for virF expression, which then up-regulates the Yop regulon.
33:
2292:
Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Fujimaki W, Yan XJ, Yagi J, Imanishi K, Kato H, Tomonari K, Uchiyama T (1997).
4552:
4432:
4392:
4334:
4053:
3820:
3256:
3214:
3007:
2986:
894:
259:
383:
To facilitate attachment, invasion, and colonization of its host, this bacterium possesses many
4682:
4578:
4368:
4286:
4245:
4241:
4122:
4116:
3883:
3593:
3528:
3322:
3228:
3200:
3134:
1186:
Achtman, M.; Zurth, K.; Morelli, G.; Torrea, G.; Guiyoule, A.; Carniel, E. (23 November 1999).
925:
613:
is in turn thermoregulated. At 37 degrees
Celsius, chromosomally encoded Ymo, which regulates
2416:
Yoshino K, Ramamurthy T, Nair GB, Fukushima H, Ohtomo Y, Takeda N, Kaneko S, Takeda T (1995).
1078:
1036:
4385:
4374:
4172:
3802:
3628:
3599:
3406:
3166:
3120:
542:
520:
for pore-formation. By causing actin filament depolymerisation, YopE, YopT, and YpkA resist
161:
4744:
2469:
Fukushima H, Matsuda Y, Seki R, Tsubokura M, Takeda N, Shubin FN, Paik IK, Zheng XB (2001).
4708:
4546:
4506:
4459:
4341:
3992:
3950:
3930:
3887:
3743:
3542:
3222:
2195:
1759:
1700:
1496:
Zumbihl R, Aepfelbacher M, Andor A, Jacobi CA, Ruckdeschel K, Rouot B, Heesemann J (1999).
1203:
828:
453:
1803:"Role of YopP in suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha release by macrophages during
1385:
Cornelis GR, Boland A, Boyd AP, Geuijen C, Iriarte M, Neyt C, Sory MP, Stainier I (1998).
1164:
8:
4524:
4469:
4138:
4014:
3959:
3907:
3826:
3769:
3722:
3657:
3505:
3497:
3491:
3208:
3194:
3063:
2972:
2247:
pH 6 antigen forms fimbriae and is induced by intracellular association with macrophages"
945:
917:
890:
609:
operon are considered the "Yop regulon" since they are coregulated by pYV-encoded VirF.
578:
108:
2199:
2126:
1763:
1704:
1207:
4512:
4423:
3924:
3913:
3834:
3778:
3566:
3264:
3250:
3180:
3157:
2860:
2825:
2801:
2766:
2747:
2691:
2656:
2591:
2566:
2314:
2293:
2274:
2262:
2095:
2083:
1783:
1623:
1611:
1571:
1542:
1502:
induces modification and cellular redistribution of the small GTP-binding protein RhoA"
1276:
1251:
276:
71:
2543:
2446:
2417:
2043:
2014:
1990:
1961:
1937:
1908:
1884:
1855:
1831:
1802:
1746:
Galyov EE, Håkansson S, Forsberg A, Wolf-Watz H (1993). "A secreted protein kinase of
4767:
4739:
4638:
4497:
4463:
4327:
4259:
4022:
4000:
3969:
3420:
3186:
2943:
2865:
2847:
2806:
2788:
2739:
2731:
2696:
2678:
2637:
2596:
2547:
2508:
2503:
2494:
2470:
2451:
2437:
2398:
2388:
2357:
2319:
2266:
2223:
2218:
2179:
2130:
2087:
2048:
1995:
1942:
1889:
1836:
1775:
1728:
1723:
1688:
1669:
1615:
1576:
1523:
1478:
1420:
1415:
1406:
1386:
1362:
1357:
1328:
1307:
1281:
1231:
1226:
1187:
1168:
1128:
1086:
1044:
991:
836:
794:
570:
384:
287:
46:
3941:
3898:
3793:
2751:
2278:
2099:
1981:
1928:
1875:
1822:
1627:
1299:"The disease started millions of years ago in rodents in the Himalayan foothills..."
770:
4643:
4488:
4403:
4194:
4041:
4028:
3843:
3460:
3442:
3349:
3308:
3236:
3106:
2855:
2837:
2796:
2778:
2723:
2686:
2668:
2627:
2586:
2578:
2539:
2498:
2490:
2441:
2433:
2380:
2309:
2258:
2213:
2203:
2122:
2079:
2038:
2030:
1985:
1977:
1932:
1924:
1879:
1871:
1826:
1818:
1787:
1767:
1718:
1708:
1659:
1607:
1566:
1558:
1513:
1468:
1457:
type III secretion, is required for toxin targeting into the cytosol of HeLa cells"
1410:
1402:
1352:
1344:
1271:
1263:
1221:
1211:
1160:
824:
709:
614:
549:
and p130. Since FAK phosphorylation is involved in uptake of yersiniae as well as
350:
272:
118:
2034:
1348:
1192:, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis"
700:, these cytokines are largely responsible for the damage caused indirectly by the
4438:
4359:
4313:
4218:
4158:
4093:
4035:
4004:
3996:
3699:
3669:
3663:
3546:
3375:
3299:
3126:
2937:
2889:
2783:
921:
782:
538:
457:
448:
355:
303:
295:
3050:
2826:"Temperature-responsive in vitro RNA structurome of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis"
2379:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 529. pp. 133–5.
313:
The recently described syndrome "Izumi-fever" has been linked to infection with
4538:
4188:
4182:
4045:
3783:
3314:
3081:
3051:
2948:
2830:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2661:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1267:
928:
and viral capsid proteins. This suggests a possible evolutionary relationship.
368:
98:
2925:
2632:
2615:
2582:
2340:
Uchiyama T, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Kato H, Fujimaki W, Imanishi K, Yan XJ (1993).
1562:
724:
can live extracellularly due to its formidable mechanisms of phagocytosis and
4761:
4601:
4534:
4450:
4277:
4232:
3973:
3965:
3808:
3575:
3486:
3340:
3146:
3112:
3087:
3072:
2851:
2792:
2735:
2682:
2384:
1713:
1664:
1642:
1518:
1497:
1216:
1012:
882:
681:
677:
517:
460:. Since this pathway gives secretion selectivity, it is a virulence factor.
307:
192:
2842:
2673:
2298:-derived mitogen (YPM) and factors involved in YPM-induced toxicity in mice"
1123:: characteristics and comparison". In Funnell, B.E.; Phillips, G.J. (eds.).
4530:
4304:
3511:
3451:
3398:
3383:
3328:
2869:
2810:
2743:
2700:
2641:
2512:
2402:
2294:"Identification of murine T cells reactive with the bacterial superantigen
2208:
2180:"Bacterial resistance to complement killing mediated by the Ail protein of
2015:"Reevaluation of the virulence phenotype of the inv yadA double mutants of
1527:
1482:
1473:
1452:
1285:
1235:
725:
673:
665:
566:
525:
299:
268:
227:
128:
2600:
2551:
2455:
2361:
2323:
2270:
2227:
2134:
2091:
2052:
1999:
1946:
1893:
1840:
1779:
1732:
1673:
1619:
1580:
1424:
1366:
1172:
798:
4610:
4104:
4059:
4010:
3714:
3466:
1185:
633:
521:
501:
486:
482:
247:
452:
is regulated in this fashion so that proteins are not expelled into the
206:, most often through the food-borne route. Animals are also infected by
4669:
3478:
2525:
1252:"Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 Years Ago"
693:
505:
498:
411:
known to encode virulence factors and its loss gives avirulence of all
291:
280:
235:
4630:
2908:
2727:
2342:"Superantigenic properties of a novel mitogenic substance produced by
746:
crystal structure of yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen (ypm)
4651:
4292:
4144:
3812:
3753:
3634:
2967:
1771:
898:
641:
562:
420:
334:
195:
4572:
2242:
2070:
chromosomal gene modulating the expression of virulence functions".
1640:
4656:
4595:
3728:
2885:
2614:
Donadini R, Liew CW, Kwan AH, Mackay JP, Fields BA (January 2004).
2339:
1329:"Identification of SycN, YscX, and YscY, three new elements of the
777:
701:
546:
509:
231:
203:
138:
88:
1959:
1854:
Skurnik M, el Tahir Y, Saarinen M, Jalkanen S, Toivanen P (1994).
1540:
689:
685:
4625:
4319:
4265:
3619:
3584:
1689:"Involvement of focal adhesion kinase in invasin-mediated uptake"
1304:
Man and
Microbes: Disease and Plagues in History and Modern Times
1039:. In Ladant, Daniel; Alouf, Joseph E.; Popoff, Michel R. (eds.).
913:
637:
2764:
1907:
China B, Sory MP, N'Guyen BT, De
Bruyere M, Cornelis GR (1993).
1745:
1593:
1248:
3097:
2920:
2346:
isolated from patients manifesting acute and systemic symptoms"
1853:
886:
856:
741:
669:
558:
554:
550:
530:
239:
211:
2713:
2415:
2291:
1906:
1495:
2468:
1594:
Håkansson S, Galyov EE, Rosqvist R, Wolf-Watz H (1996). "The
636:, and to invade target host cells. A transmembrane protein,
408:
243:
2823:
533:
autophosphorylation, so it may have regulatory functions in
2881:
2374:
1909:"Role of the YadA protein in prevention of opsonization of
818:
765:
529:
states by expressing GTPase activity. YpkA also catalyses
494:
2475:-derived mitogen, and the high-pathogenicity island among
640:, facilitates these functions by binding to host cell αβ1
2065:
1541:
Persson C, Carballeira N, Wolf-Watz H, Fällman M (1997).
1384:
1037:"The superantigenic toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis"
1041:
720:
and define the bacterium’s pathogenic characteristics.
415:
species. A 26-kb "core region" in the pYV contains the
391:
outer membrane proteins") that are encoded on the " for
2654:
1960:
China B, N'Guyen BT, de
Bruyere M, Cornelis GR (1994).
593:, yet it still is secreted by type III secretion. The
290:
patients, antibiotics may be necessary for resolution;
2880:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
2613:
1966:
to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes"
1081:. In Miliotis, Marianne D.; Bier, Jeffrey W. (eds.).
1076:
1034:
2898:
2567:"Destruction of bacteria on fresh meat by hot water"
1856:"YadA mediates specific binding of enteropathogenic
920:consisting of 9 strands in two beta sheets, in a
489:. Inside the bacterium, these Yops are bound by
4759:
4496:
1450:
2112:
1326:
656:express a superantigenic exotoxin, YPM, or the
1800:
1035:Carnoy, C.; Lemaitre, N.; Simonet, M. (2005).
497:transcript or by their corresponding first 20
3036:
1083:International Handbook of Foodborne Pathogens
985:
668:preference, although activation of some CD8+
2607:
2177:
1750:is an indispensable virulence determinant".
1686:
375:evolved in rodents "millions of years ago."
341:
2240:
1150:
1119:Lindler, L. (2004). "Virulence plasmids of
363:. The plague appears to have diverged from
230:-like symptoms, including localized tissue
3043:
3029:
1010:
740:
684:overproduction. Since administering anti-
32:
2859:
2841:
2800:
2782:
2690:
2672:
2631:
2590:
2502:
2445:
2313:
2217:
2207:
2042:
2012:
1989:
1936:
1883:
1830:
1722:
1712:
1663:
1570:
1517:
1472:
1414:
1356:
1275:
1225:
1215:
885:, which are able to excessively activate
672:occurs. This T cell expansion can cause
202:in humans, who occasionally get infected
41:Yersinia scanned with electron micrograph
2564:
1077:Robins-Browne, R.; Hartland, E. (2003).
708:and are correlated with Izumi fever and
569:-resisting, phagocytosis-resisting, and
407:s pathogenicity, since it contains many
3016:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
1118:
939:
660:-derived mitogen, from the chromosomal
279:), or spread of bacteria to the blood (
257:are similar to those of infection with
4760:
2150:
1301:
979:
545:(FAK) and the focal adhesion proteins
4577:
4576:
4209:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
3024:
2335:
2333:
4732:5c374337-2758-40c0-9235-192de5fe861e
3594:Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
2146:
2144:
1543:"The PTPase YopH inhibits uptake of
1451:Lee VT, Tam C, Schneewind O (2000).
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1306:. Simon & Schuster. p. 76.
1043:. Academic Press. pp. 862–871.
378:
2127:10.1146/annurev.ge.28.120194.002143
1165:10.1093/clinids/5.supplement_4.s748
1146:
1144:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1030:
1028:
13:
3056:Gram-negative bacterial infections
2987:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis genome
2558:
2519:
2462:
2409:
2368:
2330:
2315:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01211.x
2285:
2263:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01575.x
2157:invasion genes and their products"
2084:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01875.x
1612:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.5251051.x
954:fluorescence in situ hybridisation
581:by a single base-pair deletion in
481:evade the bactericidal actions of
349:Genetically, the pathogen causing
14:
4784:
3413:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
2894:
2234:
2171:
2141:
2106:
2059:
2006:
1953:
1900:
1847:
1794:
1739:
1680:
1634:
1587:
1534:
1489:
1431:
1373:
1320:
3629:Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
3604:Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome
2495:10.1128/JCM.39.10.3541-3547.2001
2438:10.1128/jcm.33.12.3356-3358.1995
1407:10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1315-1352.1998
1141:
1099:
1057:
1025:
647:
463:
75:
3395:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
2817:
2758:
2707:
2648:
1982:10.1128/iai.62.4.1275-1281.1994
1962:"Role of YadA in resistance of
1929:10.1128/iai.61.8.3129-3136.1993
1876:10.1128/iai.62.4.1252-1261.1994
1823:10.1128/IAI.66.5.1878-1884.1998
1327:Iriarte M, Cornelis GR (1999).
1127:. ASM Press. pp. 423–437.
1085:. CRC Press. pp. 323–355.
946:bacterial small non-coding RNAs
217:
3427:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
1860:to human intestinal submucosa"
1801:Boland A, Cornelis GR (1998).
1292:
1242:
1179:
1013:"Pseudotuberculosis (Yersina)"
1004:
986:Ryan KJ; Ray CG, eds. (2004).
931:
1:
3243:Flinders Island spotted fever
2544:10.1016/s0934-8840(97)80053-9
2035:10.1128/iai.65.1.327-330.1997
1687:Alrutz MA, Isberg RR (1998).
1349:10.1128/JB.181.2.675-680.1999
990:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
972:
813:Available protein structures:
403:The 70-kb pYV is critical to
275:), joint stiffness and pain (
4413:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
3737:Burkholderia cepacia complex
3173:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
2784:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005087
2241:Lindler LE, Tall BD (1993).
2188:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2178:Bliska JB, Falkow S (1992).
1693:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1302:Karlen, Arno (22 May 1996).
1196:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
988:Sherris Medical Microbiology
904:
881:-derived mitogens (YpM) are
7:
4709:yersinia-pseudotuberculosis
4617:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
4587:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
4074:Far East scarlet-like fever
4068:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
3684:Chromobacteriosis infection
3010:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
2995:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
2477:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
2473:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
2420:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
2344:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
2296:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
2017:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
1748:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
960:
911:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
879:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
873:
654:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
624:
447:, which also regulate Yops
255:Far East scarlet-like fever
200:Far East scarlet-like fever
188:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
171:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
65:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
27:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
10:
4789:
4773:Bacteria described in 1889
2879:
2013:Han YW, Miller VL (1997).
1387:"The virulence plasmid of
1268:10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.009
967:Intergenic RNA thermometer
909:Members of this family of
153:Y. pseudotuberculosis
4585:
4487:
4449:
4422:
4402:
4358:
4303:
4276:
4231:
4205:
4169:
4101:
4092:
3984:
3949:
3940:
3897:
3874:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
3792:
3777:
3768:
3709:Burkholderia pseudomallei
3698:
3678:Chromobacterium violaceum
3645:
3618:
3608:Meningococcal septicaemia
3583:
3574:
3565:
3477:
3450:
3441:
3389:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
3374:
3339:
3298:
3156:
3145:
3096:
3080:
3071:
3062:
2958:
2902:
2633:10.1016/j.str.2003.12.002
2583:10.1017/s0950268800050482
1395:Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev
855:
835:
817:
812:
808:
788:
776:
764:
756:
751:
739:
734:
696:neutralizes YPM toxicity
167:
160:
72:Scientific classification
70:
63:
45:
40:
31:
26:
4349:Plesiomonas shigelloides
4131:Brazilian purpuric fever
3748:Bordetella parapertussis
3537:Bartonella bacilliformis
3356:Flea-borne spotted fever
3286:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
3279:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
3271:American tick bite fever
2385:10.1007/0-306-48416-1_26
1714:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13658
1665:10.1074/jbc.272.25.15920
1519:10.1074/jbc.274.41.29289
1217:10.1073/pnas.96.24.14043
573:-resisting functions in
524:by intestinal cells and
4517:Guillain–Barré syndrome
4433:Cardiobacterium hominis
4393:Acinetobacter baumannii
4335:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
4054:Yersinia enterocolitica
3821:Klebsiella granulomatis
3257:African tick bite fever
3215:North Asian tick typhus
2843:10.1073/pnas.1523004113
2674:10.1073/pnas.1101655108
2528:Yersinia enterocolitica
2182:Yersinia enterocolitica
2068:Yersinia enterocolitica
1964:Yersinia enterocolitica
1911:Yersinia enterocolitica
1858:Yersinia enterocolitica
1645:Yersinia enterocolitica
1563:10.1093/emboj/16.9.2307
1500:Yersinia enterocolitica
1498:"The cytotoxin YopT of
1455:Yersinia enterocolitica
1453:"LcrV, a substrate for
260:Yersinia enterocolitica
253:In humans, symptoms of
4369:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4287:Francisella tularensis
4246:Legionella longbeachae
4242:Legionella pneumophila
3884:Enterobacter aerogenes
3529:Bacillary angiomatosis
3323:Orientia tsutsugamushi
3229:Queensland tick typhus
3201:Japanese spotted fever
3135:Flying squirrel typhus
2209:10.1073/pnas.89.8.3561
1474:10.1074/jbc.M002467200
926:tumour necrosis factor
398:
310:may all be effective.
4386:Moraxella catarrhalis
4252:Legionnaires' disease
4173:Pasteurella multocida
3803:Klebsiella pneumoniae
3600:Meningococcal disease
3407:Ehrlichia chaffeensis
3167:Rickettsia rickettsii
3131:Brill–Zinsser disease
3121:Rickettsia prowazekii
3001:NCBI Taxonomy Browser
1391:, an antihost genome"
950:Y. pseudotuberculosis
722:Y. pseudotuberculosis
714:Y. pseudotuberculosis
658:Y. pseudotuberculosis
630:Y. pseudotuberculosis
575:Y. pseudotuberculosis
543:focal adhesion kinase
514:Y. pseudotuberculosis
512:production, allowing
365:Y. pseudotuberculosis
361:Y. pseudotuberculosis
359:, is very similar to
326:Y. pseudotuberculosis
322:Y. pseudotuberculosis
315:Y. pseudotuberculosis
267:infections can mimic
265:Y. pseudotuberculosis
224:Y. pseudotuberculosis
208:Y. pseudotuberculosis
179:Smith & Thal 1965
4547:Helicobacter cinaedi
4507:Campylobacter jejuni
4460:Aeromonas hydrophila
4342:Vibrio alginolyticus
3993:Shigella dysenteriae
3931:Citrobacter freundii
3888:Enterobacter cloacae
3744:Bordetella pertussis
3223:Rickettsia australis
2716:Analytical Chemistry
2532:Zentralbl. Bakteriol
1159:(Suppl 4): S748–58.
940:small non-coding RNA
454:extracellular matrix
16:Species of bacterium
4525:Helicobacter pylori
4015:Bacillary dysentery
3960:Salmonella enterica
3908:Serratia marcescens
3827:Granuloma inguinale
3723:Burkholderia mallei
3658:Eikenella corrodens
3506:Bartonella quintana
3498:Cat-scratch disease
3492:Bartonella henselae
3209:Rickettsia sibirica
3195:Rickettsia japonica
2200:1992PNAS...89.3561B
2151:Miller, V. (1992).
1764:1993Natur.361..730G
1705:1998PNAS...9513658A
1208:1999PNAS...9614043A
1011:Jani, Asim (2003).
652:Certain strains of
579:frameshift mutation
468:In contrast to the
210:. The bacterium is
109:Gammaproteobacteria
4513:Campylobacteriosis
4424:Cardiobacteriaceae
3925:Citrobacter koseri
3835:Klebsiella oxytoca
3265:Rickettsia parkeri
3251:Rickettsia africae
3181:Rickettsia conorii
2959:External resources
2483:J. Clin. Microbiol
2426:J. Clin. Microbiol
2377:The Genus Yersinia
2302:Microbiol. Immunol
1079:"Yersinia species"
277:reactive arthritis
52:Infectious disease
4755:
4754:
4740:Open Tree of Life
4579:Taxon identifiers
4570:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4498:Campylobacterales
4483:
4482:
4464:Aeromonas veronii
4328:Vibrio vulnificus
4260:Coxiella burnetii
4227:
4226:
4153:H. parainfluenzae
4088:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4023:Proteus mirabilis
3970:Paratyphoid fever
3859:Enterohemorrhagic
3779:Enterobacteriales
3764:
3763:
3694:
3693:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3543:Carrion's disease
3437:
3436:
3421:Ehrlichia ewingii
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3187:Boutonneuse fever
2982:
2981:
2836:(26): 7237–7242.
2728:10.1021/ac303792p
2722:(10): 4938–4943.
2571:Epidemiol. Infect
2565:Smith MG (1992).
2394:978-0-306-47759-1
1913:by C3b molecules"
1092:978-0-203-91206-5
1050:978-0-08-045698-0
997:978-0-8385-8529-0
916:adopt a sandwich
871:
870:
867:
866:
862:structure summary
591:Y. enterocolitica
585:in comparison to
571:respiratory burst
385:virulence factors
379:Virulence factors
288:immunocompromised
184:
183:
57:
56:
21:Medical condition
4780:
4748:
4747:
4735:
4734:
4725:
4724:
4712:
4711:
4699:
4698:
4686:
4685:
4673:
4672:
4660:
4659:
4647:
4646:
4634:
4633:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4574:
4573:
4494:
4493:
4404:Xanthomonadaceae
4212:
4195:Actinobacillosis
4176:
4109:
4099:
4098:
4029:Proteus vulgaris
3947:
3946:
3844:Escherichia coli
3790:
3789:
3775:
3774:
3650:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3461:Brucella abortus
3448:
3447:
3443:Hyphomicrobiales
3350:Rickettsia felis
3309:Rickettsia akari
3237:Rickettsia honei
3154:
3153:
3107:Rickettsia typhi
3094:
3093:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3004:
2900:
2899:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2845:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2804:
2786:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2694:
2676:
2667:(37): E709–717.
2652:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2317:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2115:Annu. Rev. Genet
2110:
2104:
2103:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1772:10.1038/361730a0
1743:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1699:(23): 13658–63.
1684:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1512:(41): 29289–93.
1493:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1467:(47): 36869–75.
1448:
1429:
1428:
1418:
1382:
1371:
1370:
1360:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1153:Rev. Infect. Dis
1148:
1139:
1138:
1116:
1097:
1096:
1074:
1055:
1054:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1008:
1002:
1001:
983:
810:
809:
744:
732:
731:
710:Kawasaki disease
615:DNA supercoiling
342:Relationship to
338:at only 10 CFU.
273:erythema nodosum
173:
119:Enterobacterales
80:
79:
61:
60:
36:
24:
23:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4743:
4738:
4730:
4728:
4720:
4715:
4707:
4702:
4694:
4689:
4681:
4676:
4668:
4663:
4655:
4650:
4642:
4637:
4629:
4624:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4581:
4571:
4562:
4479:
4445:
4418:
4398:
4360:Pseudomonadales
4354:
4314:Vibrio cholerae
4299:
4272:
4223:
4206:
4201:
4170:
4165:
4102:
4080:
4036:Yersinia pestis
3980:
3936:
3893:
3849:Enterotoxigenic
3781:
3760:
3700:Burkholderiales
3690:
3664:Kingella kingae
3646:
3641:
3614:
3553:
3547:Verruga peruana
3473:
3433:
3376:Anaplasmataceae
3362:
3335:
3294:
3148:
3141:
3127:Epidemic typhus
3085:
3058:
3049:
3008:Type strain of
2991:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2954:
2953:
2911:
2897:
2892:
2878:
2877:
2822:
2818:
2777:(3): e1005087.
2763:
2759:
2712:
2708:
2653:
2649:
2612:
2608:
2563:
2559:
2524:
2520:
2467:
2463:
2414:
2410:
2395:
2373:
2369:
2338:
2331:
2290:
2286:
2245:Yersinia pestis
2239:
2235:
2176:
2172:
2149:
2142:
2111:
2107:
2064:
2060:
2011:
2007:
1958:
1954:
1905:
1901:
1852:
1848:
1799:
1795:
1758:(6414): 730–2.
1744:
1740:
1685:
1681:
1658:(25): 15920–7.
1639:
1635:
1592:
1588:
1539:
1535:
1494:
1490:
1449:
1432:
1383:
1374:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1297:
1293:
1247:
1243:
1202:(24): 14043–8.
1190:Yersinia pestis
1184:
1180:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1125:Plasmid biology
1117:
1100:
1093:
1075:
1058:
1051:
1033:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1005:
998:
984:
980:
975:
963:
942:
934:
922:jelly roll fold
907:
876:
747:
650:
627:
539:phosphotyrosine
466:
458:immune response
449:gene expression
401:
381:
347:
331:
304:chloramphenicol
296:aminoglycosides
220:
180:
178:
177:(Pfeiffer 1889)
175:
169:
156:
74:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4786:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4736:
4726:
4713:
4700:
4687:
4674:
4661:
4648:
4635:
4622:
4607:
4591:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4539:Gastric cancer
4521:
4520:
4519:
4502:
4500:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4455:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4428:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4364:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4309:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4282:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4237:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4189:Actinobacillus
4185:
4183:Pasteurellosis
4179:
4177:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4112:
4110:
4096:
4094:Pasteurellales
4090:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4046:Bubonic plague
4032:
4019:
4018:
4017:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3955:
3953:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3854:Enteroinvasive
3851:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3798:
3796:
3787:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3704:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3589:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3483:
3481:
3479:Bartonellaceae
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3456:
3454:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3315:Rickettsialpox
3304:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3102:
3100:
3091:
3082:Rickettsiaceae
3075:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3052:Pseudomonadota
3048:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3005:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:article/226871
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2940:
2929:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:Classification
2896:
2895:External links
2893:
2876:
2875:
2816:
2757:
2706:
2647:
2606:
2557:
2518:
2489:(10): 3541–7.
2461:
2432:(12): 3356–8.
2408:
2393:
2367:
2356:(8): 4407–13.
2329:
2284:
2251:Mol. Microbiol
2233:
2170:
2140:
2105:
2078:(5): 1023–34.
2072:Mol. Microbiol
2058:
2005:
1976:(4): 1275–81.
1952:
1923:(8): 3129–36.
1899:
1870:(4): 1252–61.
1846:
1817:(5): 1878–84.
1793:
1738:
1679:
1633:
1606:(3): 593–603.
1600:Mol. Microbiol
1586:
1557:(9): 2307–18.
1533:
1488:
1430:
1401:(4): 1315–52.
1372:
1319:
1312:
1291:
1262:(3): 571–582.
1241:
1178:
1140:
1134:978-1555812652
1133:
1098:
1091:
1056:
1049:
1024:
1003:
996:
977:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
962:
959:
941:
938:
933:
930:
906:
903:
893:to the T cell
875:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
859:
853:
852:
839:
833:
832:
822:
815:
814:
806:
805:
792:
786:
785:
780:
774:
773:
768:
762:
761:
758:
754:
753:
749:
748:
745:
737:
736:
649:
646:
626:
623:
465:
462:
456:and elicit an
400:
397:
380:
377:
346:
340:
332:comparable to
329:
219:
216:
182:
181:
176:
165:
164:
158:
157:
150:
148:
144:
143:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
99:Pseudomonadota
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
68:
67:
55:
54:
49:
43:
42:
38:
37:
29:
28:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4785:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4535:MALT lymphoma
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4451:Aeromonadales
4448:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4278:Thiotrichales
4275:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4233:Legionellales
4230:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4204:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4117:H. influenzae
4114:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3974:Salmonellosis
3971:
3967:
3966:Typhoid fever
3964:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3809:Rhinoscleroma
3807:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3644:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3487:Bartonellosis
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:Murine typhus
3111:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:Rickettsioses
3083:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Rickettsiales
3070:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:PLOS Genetics
2768:
2761:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2626:(1): 145–56.
2625:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2538:(4): 503–10.
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2308:(4): 345–52.
2307:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2257:(2): 311–24.
2256:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:(8): 3561–5.
2193:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:(1): 327–30.
2028:
2024:
2023:Infect. Immun
2020:
2018:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:Infect. Immun
1967:
1965:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Infect. Immun
1914:
1912:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1864:Infect. Immun
1861:
1859:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:Infect. Immun
1808:
1806:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:J. Biol. Chem
1649:
1646:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:J. Biol. Chem
1503:
1501:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:J. Biol. Chem
1458:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:(2): 675–80.
1342:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1315:
1313:9780684822709
1309:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1007:
999:
993:
989:
982:
978:
968:
965:
964:
958:
955:
951:
947:
937:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:superantigens
880:
863:
860:
858:
854:
851:
847:
843:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:
820:
816:
811:
807:
804:
800:
796:
793:
791:
787:
784:
781:
779:
775:
772:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
743:
738:
733:
730:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
676:coupled with
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
648:Superantigens
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
523:
519:
518:cell membrane
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
475:
471:
464:Effector Yops
461:
459:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
396:
394:
390:
386:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:
352:
345:
339:
337:
336:
327:
323:
318:
316:
311:
309:
308:cephalosporin
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
193:Gram-negative
190:
189:
174:
172:
166:
163:
162:Binomial name
159:
155:
154:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59:
53:
50:
48:
44:
39:
35:
30:
25:
19:
4586:
4554:Helicobacter
4553:
4545:
4531:Peptic ulcer
4523:
4505:
4470:
4458:
4431:
4411:
4391:
4384:
4375:
4367:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4312:
4305:Vibrionaceae
4285:
4258:
4240:
4207:
4187:
4171:
4151:
4137:
4123:
4115:
4103:
4067:
4066:
4052:
4034:
4027:
4021:
3991:
3958:
3929:
3923:
3914:
3906:
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3504:
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3452:Brucellaceae
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3399:Anaplasmosis
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1337:J. Bacteriol
1336:
1333:yop virulon"
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726:opsonisation
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534:
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319:
314:
312:
300:tetracycline
285:
269:appendicitis
264:
258:
252:
228:tuberculosis
223:
222:In animals,
221:
218:Pathogenesis
207:
204:zoonotically
198:that causes
187:
186:
185:
170:
168:
152:
151:
139:
129:Yersiniaceae
64:
58:
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4611:Wikispecies
4376:Pseudomonas
4124:Haemophilus
4105:Haemophilus
4060:Yersiniosis
4011:Shigellosis
3715:Melioidosis
3524:B. quintana
3520:B. henselae
3467:Brucellosis
2121:: 395–422.
1648:production"
932:Subfamilies
752:Identifiers
692:monoclonal
666:CD4+ T cell
634:peristalsis
617:around the
522:endocytosis
502:amino acids
487:macrophages
483:neutrophils
248:lymph nodes
4762:Categories
4556:cellulitis
4139:H. ducreyi
4126:meningitis
3648:ungrouped:
3341:Flea-borne
3300:Mite-borne
3158:Tick-borne
2944:DiseasesDB
2350:J. Immunol
1807:infection"
1018:2006-03-04
973:References
825:structures
716:viability
694:antibodies
605:, and the
506:chemotaxis
499:N-terminal
292:ampicillin
281:bacteremia
236:granulomas
226:can cause
214:positive.
4473:infection
4471:Aeromonas
4378:infection
4293:Tularemia
4145:Chancroid
3917:infection
3899:Slow/weak
3813:Pneumonia
3754:Pertussis
3635:Gonorrhea
3288:infection
2968:eMedicine
2890:IPR015227
2852:1091-6490
2793:1553-7404
2736:1520-6882
2683:1091-6490
2620:Structure
944:Numerous
918:structure
905:Structure
899:cytokines
783:IPR015227
688:and anti-
642:integrins
577:due to a
563:apoptosis
421:cytoplasm
405:Yersinia'
373:Y. pestis
356:Y. pestis
344:Y. pestis
335:Y. pestis
196:bacterium
147:Species:
47:Specialty
4768:Yersinia
4683:10032111
4596:Wikidata
4001:flexneri
3915:Serratia
3729:Glanders
2886:InterPro
2870:27298343
2811:25816203
2752:18708152
2744:23577771
2701:21876162
2642:14725774
2513:11574570
2479:strains"
2422:strains"
2403:12756744
2279:33124727
2167:: 26–33.
2161:ASM News
2155:Yersinia
2100:40096958
1805:Yersinia
1628:46632209
1596:Yersinia
1545:Yersinia
1528:10506187
1483:10930402
1389:Yersinia
1331:Yersinia
1286:26496604
1236:10570195
1121:Yersinia
961:See also
914:mitogens
895:receptor
874:Function
842:RCSB PDB
778:InterPro
702:exotoxin
625:Adhesion
547:paxillin
535:Yersinia
510:cytokine
413:Yersinia
393:Yersinia
389:Yersinia
232:necrosis
140:Yersinia
125:Family:
95:Phylum:
89:Bacteria
85:Domain:
4670:5427620
4626:BacDive
4602:Q139928
4320:Cholera
4266:Q fever
3869:O104:H4
3864:O157:H7
3518:Either
3147:Spotted
2938:D015012
2928:, A28.2
2861:4932938
2802:4376681
2692:3174644
2601:1468533
2592:2271933
2552:9440199
2456:8586739
2362:8409410
2324:9159409
2271:8100346
2228:1565652
2196:Bibcode
2135:7893133
2092:1956283
2053:8975933
2000:8132334
1947:8335343
1894:8132332
1841:9573064
1788:4347737
1780:8441468
1760:Bibcode
1733:9811856
1701:Bibcode
1674:9188492
1620:8736538
1581:9171345
1572:1169832
1425:9841674
1367:9882687
1277:4644222
1204:Bibcode
1173:6195719
891:binding
887:T cells
771:PF09144
718:in vivo
698:in vivo
670:T cells
638:invasin
597:genes,
306:, or a
238:in the
135:Genus:
115:Order:
105:Class:
4745:857222
4729:NZOR:
4696:967821
4657:YERSPS
4042:Plague
4005:boydii
3997:sonnei
3098:Typhus
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559:operon
555:B cell
551:T cell
531:serine
443:, and
351:plague
246:, and
240:spleen
212:urease
4678:IRMNG
4644:5CRJC
4439:HACEK
4219:HACEK
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3670:HACEK
3149:fever
2949:14237
2926:A04.8
2748:S2CID
2504:88386
2275:S2CID
2219:48908
2096:S2CID
1784:S2CID
1724:24875
1624:S2CID
1416:98948
1358:93427
1227:24187
799:SCOPe
790:SCOP2
690:IFN-γ
686:TNF-α
409:genes
244:liver
191:is a
4717:NCBI
4704:LPSN
4691:ITIS
4665:GBIF
4652:EPPO
4631:5216
3985:H2S−
3951:H2S+
3942:Lac−
3794:Lac+
3014:Dive
2933:MeSH
2884:and
2882:Pfam
2866:PMID
2848:ISSN
2807:PMID
2789:ISSN
2740:PMID
2732:ISSN
2697:PMID
2679:ISSN
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1256:Cell
1232:PMID
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1129:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1045:ISBN
992:ISBN
850:PDBj
846:PDBe
829:ECOD
819:Pfam
795:1pm4
766:Pfam
682:IL-4
680:and
678:IL-2
619:virF
611:virF
607:virC
603:ylpA
599:yadA
587:yadA
583:yadA
553:and
508:and
495:mRNA
485:and
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445:lcrV
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437:tyeA
433:yopD
429:yopB
425:yopN
369:Cell
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