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29:
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the emphasis changed or new imagery arrived". Davidson says that it is unclear where the nine worlds are located in relation to the tree; they could either exist one above the other or perhaps be grouped around the tree, but there are references to worlds existing beneath the tree, while the gods are pictured as in the sky, a rainbow bridge (
1091:, which remained green throughout summer and winter, and that no one knew what type it was. Davidson comments that while it is uncertain if Adam's informant actually witnessed the tree, the existence of sacred trees in pre-Christian Germanic Europe is further evidenced by records of their destruction by early Christian missionaries, such as
1067:, which may have been a pillar, was also symbolic of the center of the world. Davidson details that it would be difficult to ascertain whether a tree or pillar came first, and that this is likely to depend on whether the holy location was in a thickly wooded area or not. Davidson notes that there is no mention of a
630:
Norse, possibly "the one digging under the plain" or possibly amended as "the one ruling in the ditch"), Ófnir (Old Norse "the winding one, the twisting one"), and Sváfnir (Old Norse, possibly "the one who puts to sleep = death"), who Odin adds that he thinks will forever gnaw on the tree's branches.
633:
In stanza 35, Odin says that
Yggdrasil "suffers agony more than men know", as a hart bites it from above, it decays on its sides, and Níðhöggr bites it from beneath. In stanza 44, Odin provides a list of things that are what he refers to as the "noblest" of their kind. Within the list, Odin mentions
846:
comments that the existence of nine worlds around
Yggdrasil is mentioned more than once in Old Norse sources, but the identity of the worlds is never stated outright, though it can be deduced from various sources. Davidson comments that "no doubt the identity of the nine varied from time to time as
757:
scurries up and down the ash
Yggdrasil carrying "malicious messages" between the eagle and Níðhöggr. Four stags named Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr, and Duraþrór run between the branches of Yggdrasil and consume its foliage. In the spring Hvergelmir are so many snakes along with Níðhöggr "that no tongue
981:
through Ragnarök by hiding in Hoddmímis holt is "a case of reduplication of the anthropogeny, understandable from the cyclic nature of the Eddic eschatology". Simek says that Hoddmímis holt "should not be understood literally as a wood or even a forest in which the two keep themselves hidden, but
629:
In stanza 34, Odin says that more serpents lie beneath
Yggdrasil "than any fool can imagine" and lists them as Góinn and Móinn (possibly meaning Old Norse "land animal"), which he describes as sons of Grafvitnir (Old Norse, possibly "ditch wolf"), Grábakr (Old Norse "Greyback"), Grafvölluðr (Old
762:
are then cited in support. High continues that the norns that live by the holy well Urðarbrunnr each day take water from the well and mud from around it and pour it over
Yggdrasil so that the branches of the ash do not rot away or decay. High provides more information about Urðarbrunnr, cites a
748:
In chapter 16, Gangleri asks "what other particularly notable things are there to tell about the ash?" High says there is quite a lot to tell about. High continues that an eagle sits on the branches of
Yggdrasil and that it has much knowledge. Between the eyes of the eagle sits a hawk called
1403:
Carlson, Kathie; Flanagin, Michael N.; Martin, Kathleen; Martin, Mary E.; Mendelsohn, John; Rodgers, Priscilla Young; Ronnberg, Ami; Salman, Sherry; Wesley, Deborah A. (2010). Arm, Karen; Ueda, Kako; Thulin, Anne; Langerak, Allison; Kiley, Timothy Gus; Wolff, Mary (eds.).
1058:
Davidson comments that "the position of the tree in the centre as a source of luck and protection for gods and men is confirmed" by these rituals to Warden Trees. Davidson notes that the gods are described as meeting beneath
Yggdrasil to hold their
708:
says that
Yggdrasil is the biggest and best of all trees, that its branches extend out over all of the world and reach out over the sky. Three of the roots of the tree support it, and these three roots also extend extremely far: one "is among the
786:, High describes that Odin will ride to the well Mímisbrunnr and consult Mímir on behalf of himself and his people. After this, "the ash Yggdrasil will shake and nothing will be unafraid in heaven or on earth", and then the Æsir and
866:
The conception of the tree rising through a number of worlds is found in northern
Eurasia and forms part of the shamanic lore shared by many peoples of this region. This seems to be a very ancient conception, perhaps based on the
994:
who lives inside a tree, whose descendants repopulate the land after life there has been wiped out by plague (citing a retelling by F. R. Schröder). In addition, Simek points to an Old Norse parallel in the figure of
421:(rendered in a variety of ways by translators—Dronke, for example, provides "nine wood-ogresses"), and when Yggdrasil was a seed ("glorious tree of good measure, under the ground"). In stanza 19, the völva says:
556:
While
Yggdrasil is not mentioned by name in the poem and other trees exist in Norse mythology, the tree is near universally accepted as Yggdrasil by scholars, and if the tree is Yggdrasil, then the name
478:'s hearing is couched beneath the bright-nurtured holy tree." In stanza 45, Yggdrasil receives a final mention in the poem. The völva describes, as a part of the onset of Ragnarök, that Heimdallr blows
553:, screaming I took them, then I fell back from there." Odin later used "the knowledge of the sacred runes" as a magical tool to give to humanity to increase humans' skill in magic and poetry.
2305:
1811:
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883:. She goes on to say that Norse cosmology may have been influenced by these Asiatic cosmologies from a northern location. Davidson adds, on the other hand, that it is attested that the
982:
rather as an alternative name for the world-tree Yggdrasill. Thus, the creation of humanity from tree trunks (Askr, Embla) is repeated after the Ragnarǫk as well." Simek says that in
3689:
733:". Just-As-High provides details regarding Mímisbrunnr and then describes that the third root of the well "extends to heaven" and that beneath the root is the "very holy" well
4684:
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211:
describes how Odin sacrificed himself by hanging from a tree, making this tree Odin's gallows. This tree may have been Yggdrasil. "The horse of the hanged" is a
2291:
93:. The branches of Yggdrasil extend far into the heavens, and the tree is supported by three roots that extend far away into other locations; one to the well
3669:
1043:
were venerated in areas of Germany and Scandinavia, considered to be guardians and bringers of luck, and offerings were sometimes made to them. A massive
3664:
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Davidson says that the notion of an eagle atop a tree and the world serpent coiled around the roots of the tree has parallels in other cosmologies from
3684:
3679:
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950:(associated with the spring named after him, Mímisbrunnr), then the Mímir's holt—Yggdrasil—and Mímir's spring may be within the same proximity.
3644:
2137:
114:
704:
replies "It is the ash Yggdrasil. There the gods must hold their courts each day". Gangleri asks what there is to tell about Yggdrasil.
215:
for gallows and therefore Odin's gallows may have developed into the expression "Odin's horse", which then became the name of the tree.
3639:
614:
In stanza 31, Odin says that the ash Yggdrasil has three roots that grow in three directions. He details that beneath the first lives
4704:
2498:
3133:
3063:
2160:
376:
659:
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In the stanza that follows, Odin describes how he had no food nor drink there, that he peered downward, and that "I took up the
1207:
4907:
4102:
3539:
2766:
2072:
1417:
464:. The maidens "incised the slip of wood", "laid down laws" and "chose lives" for the children of humanity and the destinies (
4917:
2109:
851:) connecting the tree with other worlds. Davidson opines that "those who have tried to produce a convincing diagram of the
3223:
409:(a shamanic seeress) reciting the poem to the god Odin says that she remembers far back to "early times", being raised by
4912:
3976:
2812:
2676:
2087:
4876:
4616:
4498:
1261:
871:, the centre of the heavens, and the image of the central tree in Scandinavia may have been influenced by it.... Among
3797:
3792:
3521:
2033:
2011:
1988:
1960:
1937:
1911:
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986:, the concept of humanity originating from trees is ancient. Simek additionally points out legendary parallels in a
618:, under the second live frost jötnar, and beneath the third lives humanity. Stanza 32 details that a squirrel named
622:
must run across Yggdrasil and bring "the eagle's word" from above to Níðhöggr below. Stanza 33 describes that four
587:
with cosmological lore. Yggdrasil is first mentioned in the poem in stanza 29, where Odin says that, because the "
262:
upon which "the horse of the highest god is bound". Both of these etymologies rely on a presumed but unattested
953:
Carolyne Larrington notes that it is nowhere expressly stated what will happen to Yggdrasil during the events of
2805:
1147:(1877–1878). An unpublished manuscript of Carlyle's entitled "Igdrasil. From the Norse" inspired the editor of
4046:
2491:
2283:
1773:
705:
701:
293:
would then mean "tree of terror, gallows". F. R. Schröder has proposed a fourth etymology according to which
452:
In stanza 20, the völva says that from the lake under the tree come three "maidens deep in knowledge" named
819:
are given. "Illustrious one" is provided as an example, appearing in a Christianity-influenced work by the
737:. At Urðarbrunnr the gods hold their court, and every day the Æsir ride to Urðarbrunnr up over the bridge
4922:
4659:
782:
is quoted that mentions that Yggdrasil is the foremost of trees. In chapter 54, as part of the events of
3123:
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1952:
823:
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20:
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is recorded as having had ale poured over its roots during festivals. The tree was felled in 1874.
526:, Odin describes how he once sacrificed himself to himself by hanging on a tree. The stanza reads:
3934:
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2605:
194:
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4379:
3961:
3929:
3869:
3844:
3043:
2529:
1980:
1929:
1234:
1131:
584:
509:
33:
3631:
2355:
1084:
28:
3549:
4611:
4584:
4516:
2003:
1292:
579:
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967:, and theorizes that "it is possible that Hoddmimir is another name for Mimir, and that the
608:
4821:
1865:
1267:
843:
772:
729:, "which has wisdom and intelligence contained in it, and the master of the well is called
2117:
8:
4178:
3986:
3579:
3073:
2955:
2095:
2064:
934:("Mímir's tree"), generally thought to refer to the world tree Yggdrasil, and the spring
807:
684:
600:
3720:
1289:, mythological concept representing "the connection between the higher and lower realms"
4902:
4674:
4394:
3416:
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2379:
1839:
1743:
1712:
1203:
1179:
143:
82:
43:
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826:: "There is not under the pole of the earth an illustrious one closer to the lord of
626:
named Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór consume "the highest boughs" of Yggdrasil.
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2007:
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1956:
1933:
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1704:
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250:
means "ash tree") refers specifically to the tree. According to this interpretation,
4444:
4409:
4404:
4344:
2925:
2397:
915:
908:
811:, Yggdrasil receives a single mention, though not by name. In chapter 64, names for
514:
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122:
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1834:
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90:
78:
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3256:
3013:
2544:
2217:
718:
106:
4811:
4019:
3767:
2832:
2630:
2507:
2272:
2123:
1974:
1897:
1869:
884:
750:
573:
414:
362:
55:
4449:
4299:
3971:
791:
4735:
4589:
4364:
4142:
4117:
4026:
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3496:
3446:
3436:
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2407:
2370:
2345:
2200:
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cosmos from what we are told in the sources have only added to the confusion".
663:
The norns Urðr, Verðandi, and Skuld beneath the world tree Yggdrasil (1882) by
154:
128:
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4467:
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2313:
2237:
2185:
935:
734:
726:
444:
102:
94:
4896:
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4654:
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4349:
4269:
4259:
4158:
4132:
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3306:
3176:
3128:
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1708:
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comments that behind Irminsul, Thor's Oak in Geismar, and the sacred tree at
1092:
771:
falls from Yggdrasil to the earth, explaining that "this is what people call
664:
607:
to go "sit as judge at the ash of Yggdrasill". In the stanza that follows, a
592:
314:
4689:
4429:
4389:
4359:
4324:
4294:
4127:
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3966:
3944:
3854:
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3336:
3138:
2021:
1072:
996:
4511:
3839:
3326:
3271:
2910:
2460:
2360:
2056:
1025:
974:
963:
678:
522:
401:
356:
350:
218:
Nevertheless, scholarly opinions regarding the precise meaning of the name
205:
4414:
4374:
4254:
4239:
3879:
3760:
3594:
3584:
3356:
2776:
1899:
European Paganism: the Realities of Cult from Antiquity to the Middle Ages
942:
may be another name for Yggdrasil and that if the Hoard-Mímir of the name
71:
compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and in the
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4649:
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4329:
4309:
4289:
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1970:
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tree, and therefore "a central tree was a natural symbol for them also".
852:
615:
479:
134:
67:
59:
4740:
4526:
4369:
3725:
3411:
3286:
3276:
3241:
2786:
2750:
2745:
1747:
1716:
954:
783:
644:
457:
4846:
4566:
4462:
4334:
4279:
4234:
4214:
4088:
3730:
3321:
2781:
2725:
2465:
2387:
2212:
1893:
1286:
1102:
1040:
722:
672:
259:
98:
73:
51:
4454:
4229:
4031:
3371:
3296:
3291:
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1011:
875:
shamans, a central tree may be used as a ladder to ascend the heavens.
848:
738:
588:
4801:
4606:
4574:
4439:
4339:
4188:
4173:
3951:
3914:
3777:
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3396:
3346:
3341:
3261:
2915:
2566:
2554:
2330:
2143:
1903:
1875:
1835:"'Loki' Season 2 Finale Recap: A Glorious Purpose at the End of Time"
1211:
957:. Larrington points to a connection between the primordial figure of
919:
888:
868:
859:
787:
754:
619:
604:
475:
4640:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
4479:
4168:
4061:
3569:
3559:
3529:
3506:
3078:
2859:
2429:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
2229:
410:
4806:
4786:
4434:
4249:
4078:
3939:
3909:
3809:
3544:
3456:
3381:
3311:
3193:
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1029:
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in disguise) asks where is the chief or holiest place of the gods.
623:
4851:
4836:
4771:
4664:
4319:
4284:
4163:
4036:
3889:
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3376:
3113:
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3038:
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2242:
1976:
Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
958:
947:
923:
730:
483:
474:) of men. In stanza 27, the völva details that she is aware that "
406:
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4384:
4304:
4274:
4219:
4137:
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3188:
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2335:
1409:
1143:
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1048:
1033:
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872:
269:
A third interpretation, presented by F. Detter, is that the name
212:
174:
4644:
4014:
3894:
3884:
3745:
3231:
3048:
3005:
2985:
2940:
2872:
2661:
2615:
2539:
1649:
710:
453:
86:
4244:
4209:
3919:
3829:
3819:
3772:
3614:
3554:
3266:
3203:
3166:
3118:
3033:
2392:
2176:
1243:
1187:
1171:
1088:
1052:
907:
Líf and Lífþrasir after emerging from Hoddmímis holt (1895) by
634:
Yggdrasil first, and states that it is the "noblest of trees".
3755:
3599:
3401:
3148:
3143:
3083:
2975:
2666:
1699:
Carlyle, Thomas (2009). "Appendix: Igdrasil. From the Norse".
1109:"looms a mythic prototype, an Yggdrasil, the world-ash of the
611:
are given that the Æsir ride to "sit as judges" at Yggdrasil.
4841:
4831:
4791:
4781:
4776:
4224:
4051:
3996:
3904:
3899:
3834:
3782:
3735:
3619:
3604:
3501:
3451:
3441:
3421:
3391:
3386:
3351:
3301:
3251:
3198:
3181:
3171:
3158:
3103:
3088:
3028:
3023:
2945:
2890:
2885:
2190:
2043:
Schröder, Franz Rolf (1931). "Germanische Schöpfungsmythen".
1150:
1124:
adopted "Igdrasil" as a favorite symbol; it features in both
1044:
820:
725:. Beneath the root that reaches the frost jötnar is the well
697:
693:
550:
461:
381:
4699:
3406:
1238:, a Japanese light novel series written by Kugane Maruyama,
887:
worshiped their deities in open forest clearings and that a
285:("terror"), yet not in reference to the Odinic name, and so
85:
that is central to the cosmos and considered very holy. The
4766:
4745:
4579:
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4004:
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3589:
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3426:
3068:
3058:
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2735:
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1441:
1402:
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1006:
880:
827:
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596:
468:
433:
2315:
Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology
2263:
Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology
1670:
1668:
1386:
1384:
898:
388:
Die Helden und Götter des Nordens, oder das Buch der Sagen
140:
sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology
138:
to be other names for the tree. The tree is an example of
3787:
3098:
3018:
1637:
1600:
1598:
1596:
892:
768:
1545:
1521:
1509:
1438:
1246:, where the protagonist got trapped after its shutdown.
713:, the second among the frost jötnar, and the third over
692:, Yggdrasil is introduced in chapter 15. In chapter 15,
234:
is the name of the tree itself or if only the full term
105:. Creatures live within Yggdrasil, including the dragon
3690:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
1665:
1615:
1613:
1475:
1473:
1460:
1458:
1381:
648:
The title page of Olive Bray's 1908 translation of the
2026:
Asa-Tors hammare, Gudar och Jättar i tro och Tradition
1593:
1581:
1333:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1625:
1569:
1557:
1533:
1406:
The Book of Symbols: Reflections on Archetypal Images
2827:
1754:
1730:
Nixon, Jude V. (2009). "Thomas Carlyle's Igdrasil".
1723:
1680:
1610:
1497:
1485:
1470:
1455:
1426:
1127:
On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History
790:
will don their war gear and advance to the field of
1369:
1357:
1345:
1304:
1321:
999:, "who is rejuvenated after living as a tree-man (
717:. The root over Niflheim is gnawed at by the wyrm
513:Odin sacrificing himself upon Yggdrasil (1895) by
4894:
1774:"The Summer 2015 Anime Preview Guide – Overlord"
1162:Modern works of art depicting Yggdrasil include
1085:huge tree standing next to the Temple at Uppsala
914:Connections have been proposed between the wood
858:Davidson notes parallels between Yggdrasil and
466:
319:
303:
295:
287:
279:
271:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
203:
187:
179:
167:
1926:The Poetic Edda: Volume II: Mythological Poems
1734:(25). Saint Joseph's University Press: 49–58.
2813:
2492:
2299:
2103:
1206:; and the bronze relief on the doors of the
386:
165:The generally accepted meaning of Old Norse
4542:
2842:Mythological Norse people, items and places
1796:
745:mentioning Yggdrasil is quoted in support.
670:Yggdrasil is mentioned in two books in the
348:, the tree is mentioned in the three poems
226:vary, particularly on the issue of whether
177:". This interpretation comes about because
89:go to Yggdrasil daily to assemble at their
81:. In both sources, Yggdrasil is an immense
58:. Around it exists all else, including the
2820:
2806:
2499:
2485:
2306:
2292:
2110:
2096:
1946:
1643:
1527:
1515:
1449:
1390:
1192:Hjortene beiter i løvet på Yggdrasil asken
794:. Further into the chapter, the stanza in
3640:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
2042:
1864:
1674:
1659:
1604:
1039:Continuing as late as the 19th century,
1010:
1007:Warden trees, Irminsul, and sacred trees
902:
658:
643:
538:wounded with a spear, dedicated to Odin,
508:
375:
153:
27:
1997:
1698:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1539:
899:Mímameiðr, Hoddmímis holt, and Ragnarök
4895:
1969:
1947:Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999).
1920:
1892:
1832:
1686:
1631:
1432:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1208:Swedish Museum of National Antiquities
758:can enumerate them". Two stanzas from
741:. Later in the chapter, a stanza from
721:, and beneath this root is the spring
146:have long discussed its implications.
2801:
2480:
2287:
2091:
2055:
2020:
1760:
1729:
1655:
1619:
1503:
1491:
1479:
1464:
1315:
1051:and located beside a farm in western
798:that details this sequence is cited.
2138:Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór
1833:Lacson, Therese (10 November 2023).
891:was particularly connected with the
115:Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór
3700:named weapons, armour and treasures
2506:
2045:Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift
1871:The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe
1217:Poems mentioning Yggdrasil include
1140:referenced it in the conclusion to
1116:
838:
13:
4877:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1998:Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995).
1814:from the original on 25 April 2023
1262:Captain America: The First Avenger
1166:(painting, 1888) by K. Ehrenberg;
542:on that tree of which no man knows
531:I know that I hung on a windy tree
97:in the heavens, one to the spring
14:
4934:
2083:
3540:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
2767:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
2581:
2369:
2159:
2061:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
1210:(around 1950) by B. Marklund in
561:directly relates to this story.
91:traditional governing assemblies
77:compiled in the 13th century by
2028:. Fält & Hässler, Värnamo.
1826:
1784:from the original on 6 May 2019
1766:
1692:
1249:Yggdrasil is a common motif in
977:theorizes that the survival of
778:In chapter 41, the stanza from
332:
142:, and scholars in the field of
16:Immense tree in Norse cosmology
3977:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
2677:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1396:
337:
32:"The Ash Yggdrasil" (1886) by
1:
2063:. Translated by Angela Hall.
1857:
637:
599:must wade through the rivers
564:
301:means "yew pillar", deriving
65:Yggdrasil is attested in the
4908:Locations in Norse mythology
442:It stands forever green over
395:In the second stanza of the
173:is "Odin's horse", meaning "
149:
120:Scholars generally consider
50:) is an immense and central
7:
4918:Trees in Germanic mythology
4047:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
1804:"Yggdrasil, The World Tree"
1280:
938:. John Lindow concurs that
833:
426:An ash I know there stands,
10:
4939:
4913:Trees in Germanic paganism
4714:Festivals and holy periods
961:and Yggdrasil in the poem
862:lore in northern Eurasia:
775:, and from it bees feed".
767:in support, and adds that
544:from where its roots run.
520:In stanza 138 of the poem
502:
497:and the giant slips free.
369:
101:, and another to the well
21:Yggdrasil (disambiguation)
18:
4864:
4754:
4713:
4632:
4625:
4535:
4497:
4202:
4151:
4110:
4101:
3982:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
3708:
3695:named animals and plants
3630:
3520:
3222:
3157:
3004:
2871:
2848:
2839:
2759:
2709:
2687:
2651:
2590:
2579:
2514:
2421:
2378:
2367:
2321:
2255:
2227:
2199:
2175:
2168:
2157:
2130:
1251:Marvel Cinematic Universe
1242:is the name of a popular
440:that drop in the valleys.
3803:Black elves (Svartálfar)
1298:
482:, that Odin speaks with
438:From there come the dews
4685:Sacred trees and groves
3925:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
3798:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
2122:and its inhabitants in
1981:Oxford University Press
1953:Oxford World's Classics
1930:Oxford University Press
609:list of names of horses
467:
428:Yggdrasill is its name,
320:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
253:
245:
237:
229:
221:
204:
188:
180:
168:
34:Friedrich Wilhelm Heine
4543:
3793:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
3442:Narfi (father of Nott)
2699:Connected by the tree
2356:Sacred tree at Uppsala
2118:The cosmological tree
1732:Carlyle Studies Annual
1701:Carlyle Studies Annual
1182:library auditorium in
1036:
946:is the same figure as
911:
877:
667:
656:
547:
517:
500:
493:the ash, as it stands.
450:
392:
387:
162:
36:
3935:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
3214:Sister-wife of Njörðr
2341:Grove of the Semnones
2220:and numerous serpents
2146:(travels up and down)
1866:Davidson, Hilda Ellis
1293:Yggdrasil Linux/GNU/X
1159:to its name in 1890.
1047:tree standing atop a
1014:
971:hide in Yggdrasill."
906:
864:
824:Hallvarðr Háreksblesi
662:
647:
603:and two rivers named
583:) provides the young
577:, Odin (disguised as
528:
512:
488:
430:a tall tree, showered
423:
379:
329:(meaning "support").
157:
31:
4705:Wetlands and islands
3825:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
2560:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
2150:Veðrfölnir and eagle
1268:Thor: The Dark World
1253:media, appearing in
844:Hilda Ellis Davidson
753:. A squirrel called
495:The old tree groans,
158:Yggdrasil (1895) by
19:For other uses, see
3987:Narfi (son of Loki)
3134:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
2515:Astronomical bodies
1149:The Ruskin Reading
696:(described as king
491:Yggdrasill shivers,
486:'s head, and then:
277:refers to the word
4923:Fraxinus excelsior
4633:Religious practice
4607:Old Norse language
4074:Váli (son of Loki)
3962:Líf and Lífthrasir
3870:Árvakr and Alsviðr
3865:Horses of the Æsir
3845:Hati Hróðvitnisson
2986:Váli (son of Odin)
2829:Old Norse religion
2530:Árvakr and Alsviðr
2380:Germanic mythology
2331:Grove of Baduhenna
1810:. 12 August 2015.
1778:Anime News Network
1204:Dagfin Werenskiold
1180:University of Oslo
1063:, and the related
1037:
1015:A tree grows atop
912:
668:
657:
589:bridge of the Æsir
518:
393:
185:means "horse" and
163:
144:Germanic philology
37:
4890:
4889:
4882:Nordic Bronze Age
4872:Germanic paganism
4860:
4859:
4731:Germanic calendar
4695:Temple at Uppsala
4493:
4492:
4097:
4096:
4057:Þjálfi and Röskva
4001:Personifications
2864:and other figures
2795:
2794:
2474:
2473:
2451:Líf and Lífþrasir
2440:Dream of the Rood
2323:Germanic paganism
2281:
2280:
2251:
2250:
2169:Roots reaching to
2074:978-0-85991-513-7
1419:978-3-8365-1448-4
1178:, located in the
1023:Nordic Bronze Age
979:Líf and Lífþrasir
654:W. G. Collingwood
540:myself to myself,
242:(where Old Norse
195:Odin's many names
4930:
4630:
4629:
4548:
4315:Grove of fetters
4108:
4107:
3815:Fjalar (rooster)
3575:Fjalar and Galar
2869:
2868:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2585:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2373:
2336:Grove of Nerthus
2308:
2301:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2173:
2172:
2163:
2140:(highest boughs)
2112:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2052:
2039:
2017:
1994:
1966:
1943:
1917:
1889:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1663:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1608:
1602:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1554:, p. 18–19.
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1468:
1462:
1453:
1447:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1342:, p. 11–12.
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1133:Past and Present
1117:Modern influence
984:Germanic regions
885:Germanic peoples
839:Shamanic origins
591:burns" and the "
472:
390:
323:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
209:
191:
183:
171:
113:, and the stags
79:Snorri Sturluson
4938:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4856:
4812:Norse cosmology
4750:
4709:
4621:
4617:Later influence
4531:
4489:
4203:Other locations
4198:
4147:
4093:
4020:Sumarr and Vetr
3704:
3626:
3516:
3317:Gjálp and Greip
3218:
3153:
3000:
2865:
2863:
2854:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2796:
2791:
2755:
2714:and eschatology
2713:
2711:
2705:
2683:
2647:
2631:Sumarr and Vetr
2586:
2577:
2510:
2508:Norse cosmology
2505:
2475:
2470:
2417:
2374:
2365:
2317:
2312:
2282:
2277:
2273:Norse cosmology
2247:
2223:
2195:
2164:
2155:
2126:
2124:Norse mythology
2116:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2036:
2014:
1991:
1963:
1949:The Poetic Edda
1940:
1914:
1886:
1860:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1780:. 7 July 2015.
1772:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1728:
1724:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1666:
1658:, p. 189;
1654:
1650:
1644:Larrington 1999
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1528:Larrington 1999
1526:
1522:
1516:Larrington 1999
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1471:
1463:
1456:
1450:Larrington 1999
1448:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1412:. p. 494.
1401:
1397:
1391:Larrington 1999
1389:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1305:
1301:
1283:
1198:, 1938) on the
1119:
1020:
1009:
1001:Ǫrvar-Odds saga
930:) and the tree
901:
841:
836:
642:
569:
546:
543:
541:
539:
537:
532:
507:
499:
496:
494:
492:
449:
443:
441:
439:
437:
431:
429:
427:
374:
342:
335:
258:would mean the
254:askr Yggdrasils
152:
56:Norse cosmology
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4936:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4563:
4549:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4507:Æsir–Vanir War
4503:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:Hoddmímis holt
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4179:Körmt and Örmt
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3610:Sons of Ivaldi
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2956:Móði and Magni
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2398:Hoddmímis holt
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2085:
2084:External links
2082:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2053:
2040:
2034:
2018:
2012:
1995:
1989:
1967:
1961:
1944:
1938:
1922:Dronke, Ursula
1918:
1912:
1890:
1884:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1825:
1795:
1765:
1763:, p. 376.
1753:
1722:
1691:
1679:
1677:, p. 170.
1664:
1648:
1646:, p. 269.
1636:
1634:, p. 179.
1624:
1622:, p. 154.
1609:
1592:
1590:, p. 146.
1580:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1506:, p. 305.
1496:
1494:, p. 252.
1484:
1482:, p. 116.
1469:
1467:, p. 115.
1454:
1437:
1435:, p. 321.
1425:
1418:
1395:
1380:
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1344:
1332:
1320:
1318:, p. 375.
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1279:
1223:Viktor Rydberg
1200:Oslo City Hall
1196:relief carving
1122:Thomas Carlyle
1118:
1115:
1097:Saint Boniface
1081:Adam of Bremen
1008:
1005:
944:Hoddmímis holt
916:Hoddmímis holt
909:Lorenz Frølich
900:
897:
840:
837:
835:
832:
808:Skáldskaparmál
685:Skáldskaparmál
641:
636:
601:Körmt and Örmt
568:
563:
529:
515:Lorenz Frølich
506:
501:
489:
424:
384:" (1832) from
373:
368:
341:
336:
334:
331:
238:askr Yggdrasil
160:Lorenz Frølich
151:
148:
123:Hoddmímis holt
15:
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6:
4:
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2:
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4675:Öndvegissúlur
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4655:Heitstrenging
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4602:Völsung Cycle
4600:
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4597:Tyrfing Cycle
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4545:Gesta Danorum
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4525:
4523:
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4517:Fróði's Peace
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4042:Shield-maiden
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3716:Ask and Embla
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3177:Ingunar-Freyr
3175:
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2716:
2710:Cosmogenesis,
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2690:
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2546:
2545:Hjúki and Bil
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2459:
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2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:Ask and Embla
2432:
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2427:
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2125:
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2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:Simek, Rudolf
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2035:91-89660-41-2
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2013:0-4608-7616-3
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1990:0-19-515382-0
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1962:0-19-283946-2
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1939:0-19-811181-9
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1913:0-415-12034-9
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1891:
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1885:0-203-40850-0
1881:
1877:
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1737:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:(25): 59–60.
1702:
1695:
1689:, p. 72.
1688:
1683:
1676:
1675:Davidson 1993
1671:
1669:
1661:
1660:Schröder 1931
1657:
1652:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1607:, p. 69.
1606:
1605:Davidson 1993
1601:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1584:
1578:, p. 54.
1577:
1572:
1566:, p. 34.
1565:
1560:
1553:
1548:
1542:, p. 17.
1541:
1536:
1530:, p. 58.
1529:
1524:
1518:, p. 57.
1517:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1452:, p. 56.
1451:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1393:, p. 34.
1392:
1387:
1385:
1378:, p. 19.
1377:
1372:
1366:, p. 14.
1365:
1360:
1354:, p. 12.
1353:
1348:
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1317:
1312:
1310:
1308:
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1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1229:by J. Linke.
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
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1024:
1018:
1013:
1004:
1002:
998:
993:
989:
985:
980:
976:
972:
970:
969:two survivors
966:
965:
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951:
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716:
712:
707:
703:
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691:
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686:
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675:
674:
666:
665:Ludwig Burger
661:
655:
651:
646:
640:
635:
631:
627:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:sacred waters
590:
586:
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581:
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575:
567:
562:
560:
554:
552:
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535:
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477:
473:
471:
470:
463:
459:
455:
448:
446:
435:
432:with shining
422:
420:
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408:
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306:
300:
298:
292:
290:
284:
282:
276:
274:
267:
265:
261:
257:
255:
249:
247:
241:
239:
233:
231:
225:
223:
216:
214:
210:
208:
207:
200:
196:
192:
190:
184:
182:
176:
172:
170:
161:
156:
147:
145:
141:
137:
136:
131:
130:
125:
124:
118:
116:
112:
111:unnamed eagle
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:
70:
69:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
26:
22:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4522:Hjaðningavíg
4484:
4300:Glæsisvellir
3840:Gullinbursti
3487:Útgarða-Loki
2881:Almáttki áss
2712:cyclic time,
2700:
2652:Water bodies
2461:Sacred grove
2438:
2412:
2361:Caill Tomair
2119:
2060:
2048:
2044:
2025:
1999:
1975:
1971:Lindow, John
1948:
1925:
1898:
1870:
1844:. Retrieved
1838:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1807:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1777:
1768:
1756:
1731:
1725:
1700:
1694:
1682:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1588:Faulkes 1995
1583:
1576:Faulkes 1995
1571:
1564:Faulkes 1995
1559:
1552:Faulkes 1995
1547:
1540:Faulkes 1995
1535:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1428:
1405:
1398:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1330:, p. 7.
1323:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1191:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1142:The Laws of
1141:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1101:
1083:describes a
1057:
1049:burial mound
1041:warden trees
1038:
1026:burial mound
1016:
1000:
990:legend of a
975:Rudolf Simek
973:
962:
952:
943:
939:
913:
878:
865:
857:
853:Scandinavian
842:
806:
802:
800:
795:
779:
777:
764:
763:stanza from
759:
747:
742:
706:Just-As-High
690:Gylfaginning
689:
683:
679:Gylfaginning
677:
671:
669:
649:
638:
632:
628:
613:
578:
572:
571:In the poem
570:
565:
558:
555:
548:
536:long nights,
530:
521:
519:
503:
490:
465:
451:
425:
418:
400:
396:
394:
385:
370:
361:
355:
349:
345:
343:
338:
333:Attestations
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
268:
264:*Yggsdrasill
263:
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
217:
202:
198:
186:
178:
166:
164:
133:
127:
121:
119:
72:
66:
64:
47:
39:
38:
25:
4680:Reginnaglar
4612:Orthography
4585:Jómsvíkinga
4560:Poetic Edda
4473:Urðarbrunnr
4468:Mímisbrunnr
4400:Singasteinn
4330:Hindarfjall
4310:Gnipahellir
4290:Ginnungagap
4265:Fyrisvellir
4260:Fornsigtuna
4194:Vimur River
4184:Slidr River
3957:Jörmungandr
3367:Hrímgrímnir
2996:Vili and Vé
2721:Ginnungagap
2695:Nine Worlds
2456:Sacred tree
2346:Donar's Oak
2268:Nine Worlds
2238:Mímisbrunnr
2186:Urðarbrunnr
2179:and mankind
2131:Inhabitants
2065:D.S. Brewer
2022:Schön, Ebbe
1894:Dowden, Ken
1846:14 November
1687:Dowden 2000
1632:Lindow 2001
1433:Lindow 2001
1376:Dronke 1997
1364:Dronke 1997
1352:Dronke 1997
1340:Dronke 1997
1328:Dronke 1997
1176:Axel Revold
1174:, 1933) by
1138:John Ruskin
1130:(1841) and
1079:, but that
1069:sacred tree
936:Mímisbrunnr
830:than you."
735:Urðarbrunnr
727:Mímisbrunnr
650:Poetic Edda
480:Gjallarhorn
445:Urðr's well
415:nine worlds
397:Poetic Edda
346:Poetic Edda
339:Poetic Edda
199:Poetic Edda
103:Mímisbrunnr
95:Urðarbrunnr
68:Poetic Edda
60:Nine Worlds
52:sacred tree
4897:Categories
4847:Viking Age
4822:Philosophy
4690:Sonargöltr
4575:Runestones
4567:Prose Edda
4512:Fimbulvetr
4463:Hvergelmir
4430:Valaskjálf
4390:Sessrúmnir
4360:Jötunheimr
4335:Hlidskjalf
4325:Himinbjörg
4295:Glaðsheimr
4280:Gastropnir
4235:Bilskirnir
4215:Amsvartnir
4128:Gjallarbrú
4111:Underworld
4067:Landvættir
3967:Loddfáfnir
3945:Svaðilfari
3930:Hófvarpnir
3875:Blóðughófi
3855:Hildisvíni
3731:Aurvandill
3492:Vafþrúðnir
3477:Þrúðgelmir
3337:Harðgreipr
2782:Mundilfari
2726:Muspelheim
2388:Barnstokkr
2213:Hvergelmir
1858:References
1761:Simek 2007
1656:Simek 2007
1620:Simek 2007
1504:Simek 2007
1492:Simek 2007
1480:Simek 2007
1465:Simek 2007
1316:Simek 2007
1287:Axis mundi
1227:Yggdrasill
1219:Vårdträdet
1214:, Sweden.
1164:Die Nornen
1103:Ken Dowden
1093:Thor's Oak
1073:Þingvellir
997:Örvar-Oddr
803:Prose Edda
780:Grímnismál
760:Grímnismál
751:Veðrfölnir
743:Grímnismál
723:Hvergelmir
673:Prose Edda
639:Prose Edda
574:Grímnismál
566:Grímnismál
413:, recalls
363:Grímnismál
313:(meaning "
297:yggdrasill
289:Yggdrasill
273:Yggdrasill
260:world tree
230:Yggdrasill
222:Yggdrasill
193:is one of
169:Yggdrasill
99:Hvergelmir
74:Prose Edda
48:Yggdrasill
42:(from
4903:Yggdrasil
4802:Mead hall
4736:Þorrablót
4590:Legendary
4485:Yggdrasil
4445:Víðbláinn
4440:Vanaheimr
4415:Þrymheimr
4410:Þrúðvangr
4405:Þrúðheimr
4375:Munarvágr
4365:Mímameiðr
4340:Hnitbjorg
4255:Fólkvangr
4240:Brávellir
4189:Vadgelmir
4174:Kerlaugar
4143:Niðafjöll
4103:Locations
4079:Valkyries
4027:Sæhrímnir
3915:Gulltoppr
3880:Falhófnir
3778:Einherjar
3761:Landdísir
3595:Mótsognir
3585:Hreiðmarr
3497:Víðblindi
3447:Sökkmímir
3437:Mögþrasir
3397:Hyrrokkin
3362:Hrímgerðr
3357:Hræsvelgr
3347:Helreginn
3342:Helblindi
3262:Bergelmir
2926:Ítreksjóð
2833:mythology
2777:Hræsvelgr
2701:Yggdrasil
2627:Seasons:
2567:Aurvandil
2413:Yggdrasil
2408:Mímameiðr
2144:Ratatoskr
2120:Yggdrasil
1904:Routledge
1876:Routledge
1740:1074-2670
1709:1074-2670
1240:Yggdrasil
1212:Stockholm
1168:Yggdrasil
1017:Mysselhøj
1003:24–27)".
940:Mímameiðr
932:Mímameiðr
920:Old Norse
869:Pole Star
788:Einherjar
755:Ratatoskr
620:Ratatoskr
605:Kerlaugar
559:Yggdrasil
476:Heimdallr
417:and nine
150:Etymology
129:Mímameiðr
44:Old Norse
40:Yggdrasil
4865:See also
4787:Hamingja
4741:Vetrnætr
4726:Dísablót
4721:Álfablót
4527:Ragnarök
4435:Valhalla
4425:Útgarðar
4370:Myrkviðr
4355:Járnviðr
4350:Iðavöllr
4270:Gálgviðr
4250:Fensalir
4159:Élivágar
4133:Náströnd
4123:Éljúðnir
3992:Níðhöggr
3940:Sleipnir
3910:Gullfaxi
3810:Fimafeng
3726:Auðumbla
3545:Billingr
3472:Þrívaldi
3457:Suttungr
3412:Járnsaxa
3382:Hrungnir
3312:Gillingr
3307:Geirröðr
3287:Fárbauti
3277:Býleistr
3242:Angrboða
3194:Gullveig
2906:Heimdall
2896:Dellingr
2787:Viðfinnr
2772:Dellingr
2751:Ragnarök
2746:Auðumbla
2731:Niflheim
2637:Old age
2621:Hrímfaxi
2606:Skinfaxi
2422:See also
2351:Irminsul
2256:See also
2218:Níðhöggr
2205:Niflheim
2059:(2007).
2024:(2004).
2004:Everyman
1973:(2001).
1924:(1997).
1896:(2000).
1868:(1993).
1840:Collider
1818:26 April
1812:Archived
1782:Archived
1748:26593165
1717:26593166
1408:. Köln:
1281:See also
1235:Overlord
1157:Igdrasil
1136:(1843).
1111:Norsemen
1065:Irminsul
1030:Roskilde
992:shepherd
988:Bavarian
955:Ragnarök
873:Siberian
860:shamanic
834:Theories
784:Ragnarök
773:honeydew
719:Níðhöggr
715:Niflheim
694:Gangleri
458:Verðandi
317:"), and
315:yew-tree
107:Níðhöggr
83:ash tree
4817:Numbers
4797:Kenning
4670:Worship
4626:Society
4536:Sources
4455:Vingólf
4450:Vígríðr
4420:Uppsala
4385:Okolnir
4305:Glitnir
4275:Gandvik
4230:Bifröst
4220:Andlang
4138:Niflhel
4084:Völundr
4032:Skírnir
3972:Móðguðr
3768:Dragons
3751:Byggvir
3580:Gandalf
3565:Dvalinn
3535:Andvari
3372:Hrímnir
3327:Gunnlöð
3297:Fornjót
3292:Fjölvar
3272:Bölþorn
3247:Aurboða
3237:Alvaldi
3189:Gersemi
3006:Ásynjur
2911:Hermóðr
2901:Forseti
2851:Deities
2612:Night:
2574:'s eyes
2551:Earth:
2203:and/or
2051:: 1–26.
1788:17 June
1410:Taschen
1244:DMMORPG
1155:to add
1153:Journal
1107:Uppsala
1077:Iceland
1034:Denmark
964:Völuspá
922:"Hoard-
889:sky god
849:Bifröst
801:In the
796:Völuspá
792:Vígríðr
765:Völuspá
739:Bifröst
595:boil,"
580:Grímnir
523:Hávamál
504:Hávamál
419:ídiðiur
402:Völuspá
371:Völuspá
357:Hávamál
351:Völuspá
344:In the
321:drasill
213:kenning
206:Hávamál
181:drasill
175:gallows
4660:Horses
4499:Events
4480:Ýdalir
4459:Wells
4395:Sindri
4380:Nóatún
4245:Brimir
4210:Asgard
4169:Ífingr
4152:Rivers
4062:Vættir
3920:Gyllir
3830:Fylgja
3820:Fenrir
3773:Draugs
3709:Others
3632:Heroes
3615:Brokkr
3570:Fáfnir
3560:Dúrnir
3555:Durinn
3530:Alvíss
3522:Dwarfs
3507:Vörnir
3417:Laufey
3282:Eggþér
3267:Bestla
3224:Jötnar
3209:Njörðr
3204:Kvasir
3167:Freyja
3119:Snotra
3079:Njörun
3034:Gefjon
2991:Víðarr
2931:Lóðurr
2860:jötnar
2856:dwarfs
2688:Worlds
2673:Waves
2536:Moon:
2403:Læraðr
2393:Glasir
2230:Jötnar
2228:Frost
2177:Asgard
2071:
2032:
2010:
1987:
1959:
1936:
1910:
1882:
1808:Zimbio
1746:
1738:
1715:
1707:
1416:
1271:, and
1194:(wood
1188:Norway
1172:fresco
1144:Fésole
1089:Sweden
1061:things
1053:Norway
460:, and
411:jötnar
405:, the
327:*dher-
311:*igwja
197:. The
189:Ygg(r)
135:Læraðr
132:, and
4852:Völva
4842:Skald
4837:Seiðr
4832:Runes
4827:Rings
4792:Heiti
4777:Galdr
4772:Félag
4762:Death
4755:Other
4665:Hörgr
4580:Sagas
4320:Heiðr
4285:Gimlé
4225:Barri
4164:Gjöll
4089:Vörðr
4052:Troll
4037:Sköll
3997:Norns
3905:Grani
3900:Glenr
3890:Glaðr
3860:Hjúki
3835:Garmr
3788:Elves
3783:Eldir
3756:Dísir
3736:Beyla
3670:Hi–Hy
3620:Eitri
3605:Regin
3550:Dáinn
3502:Vosud
3482:Þrymr
3462:Þjazi
3452:Surtr
3422:Leikn
3392:Hymir
3387:Hrymr
3377:Hroðr
3352:Hljod
3332:Gymir
3322:Gríðr
3302:Gangr
3252:Baugi
3199:Hnoss
3182:Yngvi
3172:Freyr
3159:Vanir
3139:Þrúðr
3114:Skaði
3109:Sjöfn
3104:Sigyn
3089:Rindr
3074:Nanna
3054:Iðunn
3039:Gerðr
3029:Fulla
3024:Frigg
2951:Mímir
2946:Meili
2921:Hœnir
2891:Bragi
2886:Baldr
2760:Other
2597:Day:
2572:Þjazi
2521:Sun:
2466:Vörðr
2243:Mímir
2191:Norns
2152:(top)
1744:JSTOR
1713:JSTOR
1299:Notes
1151:Guild
1045:birch
959:Mímir
948:Mímir
924:Mímir
828:monks
821:skald
817:dukes
813:kings
805:book
731:Mimir
698:Gylfi
688:. In
624:harts
585:Agnar
551:runes
484:Mímir
469:ørlǫg
462:Skuld
407:völva
399:poem
382:Norns
360:and
325:from
309:from
305:yggia
201:poem
109:, an
46:
4782:Goði
4767:Ergi
4746:Yule
4645:Blót
4553:Edda
4015:Nótt
4010:Elli
4005:Dagr
3952:Jörð
3895:Glær
3885:Gísl
3746:Búri
3741:Borr
3721:Auðr
3665:H–He
3590:Litr
3512:Ymir
3467:Þökk
3432:Logi
3427:Litr
3257:Beli
3232:Ægir
3094:Sága
3069:Lofn
3064:Irpa
3059:Ilmr
3049:Hlín
2981:Ullr
2971:Thor
2961:Odin
2941:Máni
2936:Loki
2916:Höðr
2873:Æsir
2831:and
2741:Borr
2736:Ymir
2662:Ægir
2658:Sea
2641:Elli
2616:Nótt
2601:Dagr
2591:Time
2555:Jörð
2540:Máni
2446:Ilmr
2069:ISBN
2030:ISBN
2008:ISBN
2000:Edda
1985:ISBN
1957:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1908:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1848:2023
1820:2023
1790:2019
1736:ISSN
1705:ISSN
1414:ISBN
1274:Loki
1256:Thor
1225:and
1184:Oslo
928:holt
926:'s"
881:Asia
815:and
711:Æsir
702:High
682:and
597:Thor
534:nine
454:Urðr
434:loam
281:yggr
246:askr
87:gods
4807:Nīþ
4650:Hof
4118:Hel
3850:Hel
3685:T–Y
3680:P–S
3675:I–O
3660:F–G
3655:D–E
3650:B–C
3600:Ótr
3402:Iði
3149:Vör
3144:Vár
3129:Syn
3124:Sól
3099:Sif
3084:Rán
3044:Gná
3019:Eir
3014:Bil
2976:Týr
2966:Óðr
2667:Rán
2525:Sól
2201:Hel
1232:In
1221:by
1202:by
1113:".
1095:by
1087:in
1075:in
1071:at
1028:in
893:oak
769:dew
652:by
616:Hel
54:in
4899::
4700:Vé
3407:Ím
2858:,
2853:,
2067:.
2049:19
2047:.
2006:.
2002:.
1983:.
1979:.
1955:.
1951:.
1932:.
1928:.
1906:.
1902:.
1878:.
1874:.
1837:.
1806:.
1776:.
1742:.
1711:.
1667:^
1612:^
1595:^
1472:^
1457:^
1440:^
1383:^
1306:^
1277:.
1265:,
1259:,
1190:;
1186:,
1099:.
1032:,
1021:a
1019:,
676:;
456:,
447:.
366:.
354:,
266:.
126:,
117:.
62:.
3645:A
2862:,
2821:e
2814:t
2807:v
2500:e
2493:t
2486:v
2307:e
2300:t
2293:v
2111:e
2104:t
2097:v
2077:.
2038:.
2016:.
1993:.
1965:.
1942:.
1916:.
1888:.
1850:.
1822:.
1792:.
1750:.
1719:.
1662:.
1422:.
1170:(
918:(
436:.
380:"
23:.
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