291:, and has carved-out sections into which the horns fit; it may be a single beam attached to both oxen, or each ox may have a separate short beam. The yoke is then strapped to the horns of the oxen with yoke straps. Some types fit instead onto the front of the head, again strapped to the horns, and ox pads are then used for cushioning the forehead of the ox (see picture). A tug pole is held to the bottom of the yoke using yoke irons and chains. The tug pole can either be a short pole with a chain attached for hauling, or a long pole with a hook on the end that has no chain at all. Sometimes the pole is attached to a wagon and the oxen are simply backed over this pole, the pole is then raised between them and a backing bolt is dropped into the chains on the yoke irons in order to haul the wagon.
511:
41:
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unlike other types, a single-beam head yoke fixes the heads of the oxen apart, helping them to stand quietly without fighting. A single-beam head yoke may offer better braking ability on downhill grades and appears to be preferred in rugged mountainous areas such as
Switzerland, Spain and parts of Italy. Bow yokes need to be the correct size for the animal, and new ones are often made as an animal grows, but they need no adjustment in use. Whichever type is used, various lengths of yoke may be required for different agricultural implements or to adjust to different crop-row spacings.
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Although all three yoke types are effective, each has its advantages and disadvantages. As noted above, withers yokes suit zebu cattle, and head yokes can of course only be used for animals with suitable horns. Head yokes need to be re-shaped frequently to fit the animals' horns as they grow;
392:
in Asian countries are commonly used singly, with the aid of a bow-shaped withers yoke. Use of single bow or withers yokes on oxen is documented from North
America, China, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Switzerland, and several designs of single head or forehead yoke are recorded in Germany.
70:
or other animals to enable them to pull together on a load when working in pairs, as oxen usually do; some yokes are fitted to individual animals. There are several types of yoke, used in different cultures, and for different types of oxen. A pair of oxen may be called a
329:, or the shoulder blades, of the oxen. The yoke is held in position by straps, either alone or with a pair of wooden staves on either side of the ox's withers; the pull is however from the yoke itself, not from the staves. Withers yokes particularly suit
244:, from which it gets its name. The oxbow is usually U-shaped and also transmits force from the animals' shoulders. A swivel between the animals, beneath the centre of the yoke, attaches to the pole of a vehicle or to chains (
451:
The metaphor can also refer to the state of being linked or chained together by contract or marriage, similar to a pair of oxen. This sense is also the source of the word
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510:
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The yoke has connotations of subservience and toiling; in some ancient cultures it was traditional to force a vanquished enemy to
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782:
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678:. Zimbabwe Farmers Union; Department for Agricultural Technical and Extension Services (Agritex)
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of spears or swords. The yoke may be a metaphor for something oppressive or burdensome, such as
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27:
8:
587:
Hell-Bent: Obsession, Pain and the Search for
Something Like Transcendence in Bikram Yoga
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The Lost Years of Jesus: Documentary
Evidence of Jesus' 17-year Journey to the East
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A yoke may be used with a single animal. Oxen are normally worked in pairs, but
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480:(5th century BC) it also makes an appearance. The 1st century BC Roman poets
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240:(or occasionally to horses). It is held on the animals' necks by an
833:. Oxford, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Berg, 2002. Pp. 178
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640:"Britchen, Brakes, Head Yokes for restraining loads behind oxen"
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is a shaped wooden crosspiece bound to the necks of a pair of
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704:. World Association for Transport Animal Welfare and Studies
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783:"Bible Gateway passage: Genesis 27:40 - King James Version"
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fits onto the head of the oxen. It usually fits behind the
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Device to transfer traction from draught animals to a load
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a pair of oxen". Other animals that may be yoked include
19:
For the control system of some fixed-wing aircraft, see
831:
Fashioning the body politic: dress, gender, citizenship
488:
also used the metaphor but in the context of romance.
225:
754:
Oxford
American Dictionaries (computer application)
222:
458:The yoke is frequently used metaphorically in the
860:
333:cattle, which have high humps on their withers.
294:Head yokes are used in southern Europe, much of
121:. This root has descendants in almost all known
699:"Ox Yokes: Culture, Comfort and Animal Welfare"
369:A child ploughing the land with a single-yoked
799:
817:Eros at Dusk Ancient Wedding and Love Poetry
771:. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 448.
103:The word "yoke" is believed to derive from
804:. Cambridge University Press. p. 137.
722:
676:A Guide for Farmers on Good Land Husbandry
637:
611:Prophet, Elizabeth Clare (June 26, 1987).
405:Three yokes in the former coat of arms of
516:Yoke on bullock used for ploughing, India
325:is a yoke that fits just in front of the
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819:. Oxford University Press. p. 119.
610:
861:
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766:
725:"Yoking and Harnessing Single Cattle"
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546:- a similar pivot device used behind
75:, and yoke is also a verb, as in "to
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853:Information on how a bow is crafted
847:Information on how a yoke is carved
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584:Lorr, Benjamin (November 1, 2012).
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279:Oxen in Germany wearing head yokes
14:
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556:- also known as a milkmaid's yoke
495:became a political symbol of the
336:Withers yokes are widely used in
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800:Govers Hopman, Marianne (2012).
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802:Scylla Myth, Metaphor, Paradox
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455:, as linking with the divine.
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499:political movement in Spain.
436:, as in the expressions the "
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251:Bow yokes are traditional in
111:- (join, unite), and is thus
723:Roosenberg, Richard (1997).
669:"Harnessing draught animals"
638:Roosenberg, Richard (1992).
470:. In the Ancient Greek play
414:pass beneath a symbolic yoke
396:
270:
98:
7:
617:. Summit University Press.
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209:Bow yokes on a bullock team
10:
885:
815:Wasdin, Katherine (2018).
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107:*yugóm (yoke), from root *
32:
25:
18:
627:– via Google Books.
600:– via Google Books.
590:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
491:In the 20th century, the
314:Withers yokes in use in
44:Bullock cart with a yoke
33:Not to be confused with
756:. Apple Computer. 2005.
734:. Tillers International
649:. Tillers International
544:Whippletree (mechanism)
532:) a canoe between lakes
528:Using a yoke to carry (
444:" (in Russia), or the "
248:) used to drag a load.
197:), all meaning "yoke".
123:Indo-European languages
66:used between a pair of
550:to even out their pull
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769:The Gospel of Matthew
767:France, R.T. (2007).
440:" (in England), the "
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28:Yoke (disambiguation)
448:" (in the Balkans).
26:For other uses, see
348:cattle are common.
169:Old Church Slavonic
105:Proto-Indo-European
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736:. Retrieved
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706:. Retrieved
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680:. Retrieved
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651:. Retrieved
646:
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586:
579:
565:Horse collar
490:
473:The Persians
471:
457:
450:
446:Turkish Yoke
434:conscription
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387:
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335:
323:withers yoke
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306:Withers yoke
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73:yoke of oxen
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62:is a wooden
59:
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53:Withers yoke
462:, first in
438:Norman Yoke
422:imperialism
379:Si Phan Don
361:Single yoke
732:TechGuides
647:TechGuides
571:References
466:regarding
442:Tatar Yoke
352:Comparison
177:Lithuanian
125:including
478:Aeschylus
418:feudalism
407:Kodisjoki
397:Symbolism
285:head yoke
271:Head yoke
261:Australia
184:Old Irish
99:Etymology
863:Category
855:(ISCOWP)
849:(ISCOWP)
538:See also
482:Catullus
344:, where
215:bow yoke
191:Armenian
157:Sanskrit
530:portage
503:Gallery
497:Falange
464:Genesis
430:tribute
375:Don Det
327:withers
316:Myanmar
298:and in
165:Hittite
149:Persian
143:ζυγόν (
113:cognate
89:donkeys
738:21 May
708:23 May
682:21 May
653:21 May
621:
594:
486:Horace
426:corvée
338:Africa
300:Canada
265:Africa
263:, and
253:Europe
246:traces
193:լուծ (
189:, and
180:jungas
127:German
91:, and
81:horses
728:(PDF)
702:(PDF)
672:(PDF)
643:(PDF)
560:Oxbow
460:Bible
432:, or
342:India
289:horns
242:oxbow
187:cuing
171:иго (
159:युग (
151:یوغ (
145:zygon
137:iugum
134:Latin
115:with
85:mules
740:2011
710:2011
684:2011
655:2011
619:ISBN
592:ISBN
484:and
468:Esau
453:yoga
383:Laos
346:zebu
340:and
331:zebu
238:oxen
195:luts
161:yugá
130:Joch
118:yoga
109:yewg
77:yoke
68:oxen
64:beam
60:yoke
35:Yolk
476:by
373:in
213:A
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173:igo
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153:yuğ
147:),
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