1978:
1914:
1646:
668:
778:
81:
1318:
902:
1427:
1264:). The second, the technical grade, which is the most in use, defines the technical difficulty of the hardest movements (or sequences of movements) and is an open-ended scale that starts with Roman numerals (and a "sup." for additional refinement between numerals), up to VIsup., which is roughly VII+ (UIAA) f6b+ (French) or 5.10d (American). After VIsup., the system moves to Arabic numerals, starting at 7, and using the symbols "a", "b", and "c" for additional refinement between numerals (e.g. VI, VIsup, 7a, 7b, 7c, 8a, etc.,.).
1747:
608:(i.e. rock climbing on short routes), the most widely used systems are the American V-scale (or "Hueco") system (e.g. V14), and the French "Font" system (e.g. 8C+). The Font system often attaches an "F" prefix to further distinguish it from French sport climbing grades, which itself uses an "f" prefix (e.g. F8C+ vs. f8c+). It is increasingly common for sport climbing rock routes to describe their hardest technical movements in terms of their boulder grade (e.g. an f7a sport climbing route being described as having a V6
1840:
2118:
619:(i.e. the opposite of free climbing), the most widely used system is the A-grade system (e.g. A3+), which was recalibrated in the 1990s as the "new wave" system from the legacy A-grade system. For "clean aid climbing" (i.e. aid climbing equipment is used but only where the equipment is temporary and not permanently hammered into the rock), the most common system is the C-system (e.g. C3+). Aid climbing grades take time to stabilize as successive repeats of aid climbing routes can materially reduce the grade.
40:
1183:
1498:
2026:
1046:
7521:
7509:
2247:
1957:, with Roman numerals 1–7 for the "overall" challenges and risks, and a "technical scale" that uses Arabic levels 1–7 for the hardest movements. Other grades can be provided to reflect the mixed climbing (M-level), the thickness of the ice (R-level), and the fragility of the structure (X-level). In practice, Canadian Ice "technical grades" are equivalent to the WI-grade, but omit the "WI"; a typical route could be graded as III-4.
1108:, being an Arabic number that starts at 4 and uses the additional "a", "b", and "c" symbols for refinement between the numbers (unlike the French grades, it does not also use the "+" refinement, and simply goes: 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, ... etc.,). British climbers use the prefix "f" to distinguish French sport-grades from British technical grades, which is important as they are not equivalent (e.g. British 5c is f6b+).
1929:– with a Roman numeral denoting the "overall" difficulty (e.g. technical challenge, length, and the level of boldness/physicality/stamina required). A second Arabic number grades the technical difficulty of the hardest move on the route. A climb graded (VI, 6) means the difficulty of the hardest move is standard for the overall grade, whereas a climb graded (VI, 8) denotes the hardest move is above the overall grade.
7545:
7533:
649:, the greater complexity of routes requires several grades to reflect the difficulties of the various rock, ice, and mixed climbing challenges. The International French Adjectival System (IFAS, e.g.TD+)–which is identical to the "UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty" (e.g. I–VI)–is used to grade the "overall" risk and difficulty of mountain routes (with the gradient of the snow/ice fields) (e.g. the
860:
the "−" and "+" symbols). The French system starts at 1 and closely aligns with the UIAA scale up to UIAA V+, which is French grade 6a, but thereafter begins to diverge. The French grading system is the dominant system in Europe, and it and the
American YDS system are the most dominant systems worldwide; beyond the easiest grades, the two systems can be almost exactly aligned in
1223:), the Ewbank system is not solely based on the hardest technical movement on the route but also takes into account the exposure, length, quality of rock, availability of protection, and other factors. Thus, a dangerous route with easier technical climbing might get the same grade as a safe route but with harder technical climbing. The system relies on the
814:) are the "French numerical system" and the "American YDS system". The "UIAA scale" is still popular in Germany and across parts of Central Europe. Many countries with a history of free climbing have also developed their own free climbing grading systems including the British E-grade system and the Australia/New Zealand "Ewbank" system.
2053:), grades the overall difficulty of a route, taking into account the length, technical difficulties, exposure, and commitment level (i.e. how hard is a retreat). The system was created by French climbers, and when the UIAA formally adopted it in 1967 they assigned Roman numerals to the six levels, which caused confusion with the
755:, which in the 1950s was further adapted into the Yosemite Decimal System that added a decimal place to the class 5 grade (e.g. 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, etc.), and which by the 1960s was again amended to introduce the letters "a", "b", "c", and "d" after 5.9 to further refine the levels (e.g. 5.9, 5.10a, 5.10b, 5.10c, etc.).
589:(i.e. climbing rock routes with no aid), the most widely used grading systems are the French numerical or sport system (e.g. f7c+), the American YDS system (e.g. 5.13a), and latterly the UIAA scale (e.g. IX+). These systems are focused on technical difficulty, which is the main focus of the lower-risk activity of
1215:, and it became the dominant system for Australia and New Zealand, and latterly for South Africa (with small local variations). The system is open-ended and uses only Arabic numerals (i.e. no "a", "b", "c" or "+" and "−" refinements), starts a 1 (easiest), and continues upward. Unlike many other systems (e.g.
1101:
uses the labels (starting from the easiest): M (moderate), D (difficult), VD (very difficult), HVD (hard very difficult), S (severe), HS (hard severe), VS (very severe), and HVS (hard very severe). After HVS, the label switches to E (extreme), but then rises as E1, E2, E3, E4, ... etc., in an open-ended scale.
1532:. Legend is that his publisher would not print the book without some kind of rating of his 900 routes. The V-scale is an open-ended scale that starts at V0 (although a slightly easier "VB" has been used for beginners), and increases in single-digit steps (i.e. V5, V6, V7), and was at V17 in 2023 with
2008:
For a time, there were a number of "commitment grade" systems that primarily focused on the amount of time required for the route (e.g. Grade I being several hours to Grade VII being several weeks), such as the
American National Climbing Classification System (NCCS), but for various reasons these are
1967:
that used NEI levels 1 to 5 (and a later level of 5+) to grade ice routes, which in effect equated to the WI-grades of WI1 to WI5 (and NEI 5+ at WI6). The NEI levels are considered to be slightly "harder" than the equivalent WI-grades. Following the international trend, the WI-system is now commonly
1870:
ranked his new M-grades to the level of physical exertion needed on a free rock climb; for example, Lowe estimated that M8 was equivalent to 5.12 (American YDS). Other authors have tried to align M-grades with rock climbing grades, and now equate M8 to 5.10/5.11, however, there is some variation and
1780:
from WI1 up to WI6/WI7, but after M6/M7, mixed climbs become overhanging, which ice does not. WI-grades try to take some account of the difficulty of placing protection on the route but, as with M-grades, are more focused on the technical and physical challenge of the route, and are thus more akin to
1686:
The original "UIAA Scale of
Difficulty in Aided Climbing" system went from A0 to A5 and focused on the number and quality of "bodyweight placements" (i.e. can only take static bodyweight and not a falling bodyweight) versus "bombproof placements" on a given pitch. The grades were less concerned with
1671:
route can change materially over time due to improvements in aid equipment but also due to the impact of repeated ascents that subsequent aid climbing teams make to a route. It is not uncommon for a new A5 route in
Yosemite to become a "beaten-out A3+ route" due to the effect of repeated hammering of
1408:
The climb is about 45m long, the first 20m are about 8b climbing with a couple of really really good knee-bars. Then comes the crux boulder problem, 10 moves of 8C . And when I say 8C boulder problem, I really mean it. ... I reckon just linking 8C into 8B into 7C is a 9b+ sport climb, I'm pretty
1381:
systems as they use similar symbols, however, boulder grades are very different from free climbing grades and they start at much harder technical levels. For example, the entry-level Font-grade 4 / V-grade V0 is equivalent to the free climbing grades of 6a to 6a+ (French), VI to VII− (UIAA), and 5.9
1009:
scale (or UIAA Scale of
Difficulty) for free climbing was developed from the original "Welzenbach scale" in 1967 and uses the Roman numerals of that scale with "+" and "−" symbols for refinement between numerals after Grade III (i.e. III, IV−, IV, IV+, V−, V, V+ etc.,). Initially, the UIAA scale was
758:
While individual countries developed their own rock climbing grading systems, the
American system, French system, and latterly the "UIAA scale" became popular internationally (with the American and French dominating sport climbing). The UIAA "Scale of Overall Assessment" dropped its six Roman numbers
747:
published the "French numerical scale", which replaced the UIAA Roman numerals with Arabic numerals, and where French 6a equaled UIAA VI+. The two scales were summarised as "Plaisir Grades" and aligned in a UIAA table where French grades 1–6a aligned with "UIAA scale" grades I–VI+; beyond that level,
3691:
As of 2023, the
American and French bouldering grade systems can be compared in the following way (they exactly align after V9 / 7C). Various authors have created tables to compare bouldering grades of Font/V-grade, to the free climbing French sport/American YDS grades, but because of the different
1854:
routes approximates the ice climbing WI grades, up to M6, but they then diverge as mixed routes can become very overhanging and eventually turn into roofs (ice is not normally overhanging, aside from
Helmecken Falls routes). M-grades do not take into account the "danger" of the route (i.e. how good
1115:
technical grade for a standard route. For example, E4 is often associated with 6a, so E4 6a means the route has a normal level of risk and other related factors for its technical level of 6a. However, E5 6a would imply that the risk is higher (i.e. closer to an
American YDS "R"), while E6 6a would
859:
The French numerical system for free climbing was developed from the UIAA scale in the 1980s but uses Arabic numbers instead of the UIAA scale's Roman numerals, and also uses the letters "a", "b" and "c" and the "+" symbol to give additional refinement between the numbers (whereas the UIAA uses only
701:
compressed the scale and reversed the order so level 00 became level IV–V, and it became popular in the Alps. In 1967, the "Welzenbach scale" formally became the "UIAA scale" for rock climbing (or "UIAA Scale of
Difficulty") with Roman numerals I–VI, and a "+" and "−" to refine each level. The UIAA
573:
of subsequent ascents. While many countries with a strong tradition of climbing developed grading systems, a small number of grading systems have become internationally dominant for each type of climbing, which has contributed to the standardization of grades worldwide. Over the years, grades have
2262:
In the "Alaskan Overall Difficulties" system, mountaineering routes are graded from 1 (easiest) to 6 (hardest), and factor in difficulty, length, and commitment (including storms, cold, and cornicing). The system was developed by Boyd N. Everett Jr. in 1966, for the particular challenges of Alaskan
1586:
in 1958, it contained just three grades: B1 (easiest), B2, and B3 (hardest). B1 was "the highest level of difficulty in traditional roped climbing" (which was about American YDS 5.10 (or French 6a / UIAA VI+) at that time, B2 was "harder than anything in B1", and B3 was a "route that had been tried
1538:. The V-scale doesn't consider risk and is purely focused on the technical difficulty of the movements. The V-scale is the dominant scale in North America, and it and the Font scale are the most dominant systems worldwide; beyond the easiest grades, the two systems can be almost exactly aligned in
1100:
The first grade is an "adjectival grade" that covers the overall difficulty of the route and takes into account the: "seriousness, sustaindness, technical difficulty, exposure, strenuousness, rock quality, and any other less tangible aspects which lend difficulty to a pitch". This adjectival grade
2004:
Due to the complexity and length of mountaineering and alpine climbing routes, their grading systems are focused on the "overall" – or "global level" – of risk and/or commitment of the route. The specific rock climbing, aid climbing, and/or ice and mixed climbing difficulties of the route will be
942:
and a number that starts at 1 and counts up with increasing difficulty (e.g. 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, etc.). At 5.10, the system adds the letters "a", "b", "c", and "d" as further refinements between levels, and the scale continues upward (e.g. 5.10a, 5.10b, 5.10c, 5.10d, 5.11a, 5.11b, etc.,). The American
1701:
In the 1990s, Yosemite aid climbers created what they called a "new wave" aid grading system that expanded the range of the original UIAA system to A6 (they had already re-defined parts of the UIAA system), and introduced an intermediate "+" grade from A2 onwards for specific tricky or strenuous
759:
in favor of the six adjectival grades of the French Alpine System (to avoid confusion with the "UIAA scale") and dominated alpine climbing grading, while the UIAA "Scale of Difficulty in Aided Climbing" – amended and expanded in Yosemite in the 1990s as "new-wave" grades – dominated aid grading.
724:
on a broader "Scale of Global Assessment" for alpine climbing (the French Alpine System), and created the "UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty" by assigning Roman numerals I–VI to the six adjectival levels (e.g. F, PD, AD, D, TD, and ED) of the French system. The UIAA also incorporated a "Scale of
2100:
has an IFAS ED2-grade even though the rock climbing is only at UIAA VI− and the ice climbing at 60 degrees (or WI-4 grade), which is more typically associated with an IFAS D-grade; this is due to the exceptional length and serious dangers of the route. Some guidebooks have still attempted to
1710:
When the original or the "new wave" aid climbs can be ascended without the use of a hammer (for pitons or copperheads), the "A" suffix is replaced by a "C" to denote "clean climbing". In Yosemite, an "F" suffix is placed after the "C" if fixed gear (e.g. bolts) is required to go clean (or
2151:
as "commitment grade" for mountaineering routes, and in particular, the time investment in a route for an "average" climbing team". The NCCS uses Roman numerals form Grade I (few hours of climbing) to Grade VII (several weeks of climbing). The NCCS was popular for a period on American
1996:
The most important grading system in mountaineering is the International French Adjectival System (IFAS) (or French Alpine System, FAS), which is also effectively the "UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty" (they are the same, only differing in labels), and which is used in all forms of
1800:
routes, are not explicitly graded but instead, their steepest angle (approximate figure or a range) is quoted (e.g. 60–70 degree slope). WI-grade is for "seasonal" hard ice; an AI prefix is used instead for "alpine ice", which is year-round and usually firmer, more stable, making
1812:
in Canada that had unique characteristics. Unlike the sheerest WI7 ice routes, these routes were significantly overhanging like extreme M-graded routes. This was due to the intense spray from the waterfall, which covered the overhanging routes in ice so that there was little
686:
introduced the first known climbing grading system, which he introduced to rock climbing. The "Benesch scale" had seven levels of difficulty, with level VII the easiest and level I the hardest; as more difficult climbs were made, the grades of level 0 and level 00 were added.
1855:
is the protection in the event of a fall) as they are mostly pre-bolted routes; they, therefore, focus on the technical and physical challenge of the route, and is thus more akin to the French and American free climbing rock grades, although as with the American system, the "
1477:
at Fontainebleau. The Font-scale is an open-ended scale that starts at 1 and increases in single-digit steps but uses a "+" for additional refinement between steps; from grade 6 it introduces a capitalized "A", "B" and "C" for further refinement, and was at 9A in 2023 with
1010:
closed-ended and went from Grade I (easiest) up to Grade VI (hardest), where it stopped. In 1978, the "seventh grade" was added—though climbers had been climbing at that level for years—and by 1985 it was formally made into an open-ended scale that went beyond Grade VII.
2057:, and thus the French shorthand for the six levels prevailed: F–Facile (easy), PD–Peu Difficile (not very difficult), AD–Assez Difficile (fairly difficult), D–Difficile (difficult), TD–Très Difficile (very difficult), and ED-Extrêmement difficile (extremely difficult).
1602:
scale except the pre-fix "B" was used and it started at B1 (i.e. B1, B2, B3, B4, ... etc.). Peak B-grades are roughly one level easier than V-grades (e.g. V8 was equivalent to B9). The V-grade / Font-grade systems (sometimes the "technical grade" component of the
2325:
with NZ levels 1–7 (and a "+" prefix for refinement between levels) that roughly matched the six IFAS/UIAA levels, and with NZ level 7 at IFAS ED2/3. Logan's system was used for several decades until a new version was proposed by Robert Frost in his 2018 guidebook
1727:
is the M-grade (with the Scottish Winter grade also notable given the unique nature of Scottish mixed routes). Where a route has no ice, and not even the "thin ice coating" common on Scottish Winter routes, it is increasingly common to use a D-grade to indicate
1177:
systems, the Saxon grading system is not purely focused on technical difficulties but is also based on "route length, the total psychological commitment, the placements distance, the risk, the random stops"; it is thus not directly comparable to other
1023:, which is French 9c. While the French system became the dominant scale in Europe, the UIAA scale is still popular in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. The UIAA scale is also commonly found in the grading systems of
1936:
protection, placing greater strains on the climber. British climber Ian Parnell wrote in his guide to Scottish winter climbing that Scottish grades are almost two levels above M-grades, and thus a Scottish (VIII, 8) is similar to an M6; but that an
2313:
grading system, being focused on the time commitment needed to complete the route with some regard to the increasing technical difficulty and the number of pitches and challenges that may be encountered; as with the NCCS system, it is less used
1287:
proposed an extension to the scale. Easier routes were described by the UIAA scale, and harder routes above Grade VI+ used Arabic numerals with a "+" refinement, so that after Grade VI+ came the new grades of: VI.1, VI.1+, VI.2, VI.2+, and so
1385:
This confusion is amplified by the tendency for modern sport-climbers to describe the crux moves on their routes in terms of their bouldering grades – their routes are effectively a series of connected boulder problems. For example, here is
2201:
with the IFAS/UIAA system (the six levels align with the original six UIAA Scale of Global Difficulty levels), and factors in difficulty, altitude, length, and commitment (i.e. risk and difficulty of retreat); the grades are described as:
873:. The system is only focused on the technical demands of the hardest movement on the route. Unlike the American YDS system, there is no allowance for any risks in the route, and thus the French system is more closely aligned with
2160:
and the ability for climbers to complete big wall routes in hours that historically took days (or weeks), made the NCCS less useful; it is still often quoted on American big wall routes (although it is often confused as being the
1636:
on El Capitan is graded '5.9 (American) C2 (aid)' with aid, but an extremely difficult '5.14a (American)' without any aid; guidebooks will mark such routes as '5.9 & C2 (5.14a)', with the no-aid/fully free option in brackets.
2346:
Free climbing systems can be broadly compared per the table below. While most systems do not perfectly align, especially at the lower (or easier) grades, above the level of circa 5.12a (American YDS), f7a+ (French), VIII+, the
1241:
but its closed-end status at VI (up until 1985) led them to create their own systems, however, they align closely to the UIAA scale, particularly to grade IV. While the UIAA scale is still used in Scandinavian countries, the
1237:. Their scales are all open-ended, use Arabic numerals, and use "+" and "−" symbols for additional refinement between the numerals (e.g. −4, 4, 4+, −5, 5, 5+, 6−, 6, ... etc.,). Originally, the Scandinavian countries used the
2076:) was used to indicate if a particular climb is at the lower or upper end of that grade (e.g., a climb slightly harder than "PD+" might be "AD−"), and the specific degree of the snow slopes was added (e.g. 60 degrees).
1889:, which is ice climbing on bare rock with no ice section, the M-grade is usually replaced by a "D" grade prefix (but all other aspects of the two systems are identical). The most extreme dry-tooling route in 2023 is
1488:
by using capitalized letters (i.e. Font 6C+ vs. f6c+), and also the use of "Fb" or capital "F" (for "Font") as a prefix. The distinction is important as the scales are very different (i.e. Fb6C+ is closer to f7c).
889:. To avoid confusion between French grades and the British E-grades, a lowercase "f" (for French) is used as a prefix (e.g. f6a+); this should not be confused with the use of the capitalized "F" or "fb" prefix in
3692:
types of climbing (and particularly the sequences of movements), they are only ever indicative and can vary by several levels between versions; an example is provided in the table below from a report by the
659:
is graded: ED2 (IFAS), VI− (UIAA), A0 (A-grade), WI4 (WI-grade), 60° slope). The related "commitment grade" systems include the notable American National Climbing Classification System (e.g. I–VI).
2079:
As standards rose, the ED-grade was further expanded into ED1 (is the original ED−), ED2 (is roughly the original ED), ED3 (is the original ED+), ED4, ED5 .. etc., to denote harder levels of grade.
1451:
In addition, boulder routes that connected various boulder problems into a single longer bouldering route have been graded as if they were sport climbs. A notable example is the 2004 boulder route
2090:
aligns with specific rock and ice climbing grades, as the objective dangers can vary dramatically on alpine routes with similar rock and ice climbing grades. For example, the famous 1,800-metre
729:
with the levels: A1, A2, A3, A4, and (later) A5. In 1978, the UIAA added the VII (seventh grade) to its "UIAA scale", implying that the scale was open-ended, a concept formally adopted in 1985.
1571:, the system begins at 10-kyū (easiest) and gets progressively harder as it counts down to 1-kyū. As with martial arts grading, after 1-kyū the system uses "black-belt grades" of 1-Dan (or
2178:
NCCS Grade V: "Typically requires an overnight on the route, or done fast and free in a day". Grade V is often listed as "one very long day of climbing, or two full days of climbing".
1732:. Some M-graded routes in "dry" areas (i.e. places like the American Rockies, but not Scotland), are more of a combination of a WI-graded ice route with a D-graded dry-tooling route.
968:) denotes the climbing protection is adequate, and if properly placed a fall will be short (in practice, the "PG-13" is usually omitted as it is considered the default). A suffix of "
1283:, where Polish sport climbing was developed, with Grade I (easiest) to Grade VI (hardest). As the climbing level grew, the UIAA scale became inadequate. Polish climber and alpinist
956:. Like the French system, the numerical component of the American YDS system is focused on the hardest move on the route. In 1980, Jim Erickson introduced an additional rating for
5920:
4512:
1013:
The UIAA scale is closely aligned with the French system up to Grade V+, which is French grade 6a, but thereafter begins to diverge, although the two can be reasonably aligned in
1626:
systems are the A-grade (usually the "new wave" version) and the C-grade systems. While aid climbing is less popular as a standalone pursuit, aid techniques remain important in
7430:
2169:
NCCS Grade I and Grade II: "Half a day or less for the technical (5th class) portion of the route". Often listed as "1–3 hours" (for grade I), and "3–5 hours" (for grade II).
821:
in traditional climbing, and latterly sport climbing (as it took over from traditional climbing as the main focus of the leading free climbers), is an important part of the
7425:
943:
YDS system is the dominant system in North America, and it and the French numerical system are the most dominant systems worldwide; beyond the easiest grades, they can be
634:
climbing) uses the M-grade system (e.g. M8), with other notable mixed grading systems including the Scottish Winter system (e.g. Grade VII). Pure dry-tooling routes (i.e.
2294:
is graded 2+ in the aforementioned guidebook. Importantly, even an Alaska Grade 1 climb may involve climbing on snow and glaciers in remote locations and cold weather.
714:
1260:. Brazilian climbing has two grades, with the first being a numerical grade from 1 (easiest) to 8 (hardest) and giving the "overall" level of difficulty (akin to the
1227:, or word of mouth, to clarify the factors that influenced the grade. For the strongest modern sport climbing routes, the Ewbank grade is largely a technical grade.
1587:
on multiple occasions by more than one party but had only been climbed once" (i.e. if a B3 was repeated it would be immediately reclassified as a B2, or even a B1).
1116:
imply a very significant risk (i.e. like the American YDS R/X), and a rare E7 6a would be effectively no protection (i.e. a full American YDS "X", or essentially a
732:
By the 1980s, French guides had customized the "UIAA scale" beyond V+ with the letters "a", "b", and c" (e.g. V+, VIa, VIb, etc.). At the end of the 1980s, French
965:
1233:. Norway, Finland, and Sweden have scales that are numerically different (e.g. they don't align exactly), but in effect are very similar and can be aligned in
5667:
1821:
like M-grade climbs and the result was a series of new WI-graded routes that laid claim as the "world's hardest ice routes"; by 2020, they reached WI13 with
626:, the most widely used grading system is the WI ("water ice") system (e.g. WI6) and the identical AI ("alpine ice") system (e.g. AI6). The related sport of
7477:
6444:
3697:
1169:. As well as Roman numerals, the Saxon grades use the symbols "a", "b" and "c" for further refinement between numerals from grade VII onwards. Unlike the
1104:
The second grade is a "technical grade" that focuses on the hardest technical movement on the route. This technical grade has a very similar format to the
1006:
1484:. The Font-scale has no regard to any risk and is purely focused on the technical difficulty of the movements. The Font-scale is distinguished from the
7489:
818:
768:
1344:
grading systems are the French Font-grade and the American V-grade systems. Beyond the easiest grades, the two systems can be almost exactly aligned in
772:
1401:
1195:
1075:(which has the R/X labels for traditional climbing routes), never came into wider use for traditional climbing outside of Britain. Within Britain, the
840:
795:
737:
691:
49:
1312:
1750:
1630:
and alpine climbing, where the level of difficulties can vary significantly on long routes, and thus the use of aid in places is still common (e.g.
1507:
1362:
1079:
is more popular for British bolted sport climbing routes. As of April 2024, the highest consensus E-grade on a traditional route in Britain was on
2330:
that had two sets of grades: Level I–VII for seriousness and commitment, and Level 1–8 for the technical challenge (rock, ice and mixed climbing).
703:
676:
6432:
1298:
routes (they typically use the French grading system or American YDS system for the technical challenge). Notable examples include the British
1352:
tend to be materially softer than the equivalent outdoor grade up until about V10 / Font 7C+ (e.g. an indoor V4–6 could be an outdoor V2–3).
1517:
The V-grade (short for "Vermin" or "Verm", and also known as the "Hueco" scale) was first published in 1991 by American bouldering pioneer
1302:(e.g. S0, S1, S2, S3), which covers the objective risk of the route including tides, under-water objects, height of any potential fall etc.
923:
6417:
106:
5968:
5461:
1111:
The secret to understanding the British E-grade system is the relationship between the two grades. For each adjectival grade there is a
7471:
7440:
5063:
544:
6466:
6461:
130:
5900:
4655:
1607:
system is used) have replaced Peak B-grades in Britain but they appear in some guidebooks and some boulder grade conversion tables.
17:
5933:
4936:
4686:
1977:
5368:
5088:
4664:
2005:
graded separately (per the earlier grading systems) and listed alongside the mountaineering grade (e.g. see photo opposite).
976:" for routes with little or no protection and where any fall could be very long and potentially fatal (i.e. also known as a "
1941:
of a Scottish VIII, 8 using traditional climbing protection, would be similar in difficulty to a bolted sport climbing M8.
6427:
5577:
748:
the two systems diverged and for example, French 7a+ equates to UIAA grade VIII and French 9a equates to UIAA grade XI.
6076:
6048:
5909:
5830:
5814:
5625:
5555:
5295:
5261:
5236:
5181:
5153:
4967:
4372:
1473:") is one of the oldest boulder grading systems whose origins can be traced back to at least 1960 with Michel Libert's
667:
6412:
6397:
1146:
96:
1846:(M9), Wyoming. Many M-grade routes are really a combination of a WI-grade ice route and a D-grade dry tooling route.
1925:
Mixed climbing in Scotland is known as "Scottish Winter climbing" and uses a dual-grading system – similar to the
1121:
977:
4861:
1687:
the physical demands of the route (although there was some mention), and risk was only introduced later with A5.
1059:(centre), which was the first-ever E9-graded route on the British system at E9 6c (British) or 5.13a X (American)
7549:
7410:
5693:
4866:
4337:
537:
5641:
2277:
Alaska Grade 3: Either a serious fifth-class one-day climb, or a multiday climb with some technical elements.
1663:; the route was then graded 5.9 A4 (original A-grade), but is now graded 5.8 C2+ R (post "new-wave" C-grade).
1598:
in Britain is an important bouldering area and had developed a bouldering scale that was very similar to the
5932:
Nick Draper; David Giles; Volker Schöffl; Franz Konstantin Fuss; Phillip Watts; et al. (October 2015).
4685:
Nick Draper; David Giles; Volker Schöffl; Franz Konstantin Fuss; Phillip Watts; et al. (October 2015).
2086:
certain grades of rock, ice, or mixed climbing difficulties, the UIAA warns against assuming the IFAS grade
7340:
6717:
1856:
1790:
969:
938:
Class 1–5 system in the 1950s. As a result, the system has a "5" as its prefix which is then followed by a
565:
that reflects the technical difficulty—and in some cases the risks and commitment level—of the route. The
1555:. Also known as the "kyū dan" system, is widely used in Japan, and is constructed in a way that resembles
1090:
1089:(E11 7a), which are considered equivalent to American 5.14 R or French f8b+/f8c+. Outside of Britain, the
4764:
1470:
973:
719:
681:
5035:
5007:
2290:
A plus (+) may be added to indicate somewhat higher difficulty. For example, the West Buttress Route on
1645:
1120:
route). Similarly, E3 6a implies a well-protected route, while E2 or E1 6a would imply easily available
6712:
6478:
4792:
1660:
1502:
1067:), which uses two separate open-ended grades for each route. This structure is particularly adapted to
142:
1913:
1908:
7537:
7400:
6762:
4364:
2274:
Alaska Grade 2: Either a moderate fifth-class one-day climb, or a normal multiday nontechnical climb.
530:
6028:
7315:
7310:
6456:
4332:
1776:
system is the WI (for "water ice") grading system. WI-grades broadly equate to the mixed climbing
1534:
1480:
1357:
1040:
822:
777:
488:
125:
5117:
7576:
7445:
7240:
7215:
7106:
7099:
6504:
6407:
6362:
5973:
5895:
5466:
4650:
2351:
becomes the dominant free-climbing format and most grades closely align; the exception being the
380:
6008:
1299:
7355:
7265:
6908:
6661:
6517:
6449:
6069:
4820:
1702:
sections, and gave more detailed definitions at each grading level than the original A-grades.
1518:
1031:(e.g. PD, D, TD, ED), where the UIAA scale is often used to grade the free climbing component.
440:
118:
44:
7415:
5768:
1575:, "the first step"); 1-Dan is roughly equal to a V7 grade, while 6-Dan (or rokudan) is at V16.
751:
In America, a version of the Welzenbach Scale was introduced for rock climbing in 1937 by the
80:
7390:
7305:
6807:
6673:
2255:
1696:
1681:
1672:
cracks (which widens them), and to the build-up of permanent in-situ aid climbing equipment.
1632:
1257:
1208:
1071:
routes (which are more common in Britain), but it is still considered complex and unlike the
1050:
5934:"Comparative grading scales, statistical analyses, climber descriptors and ability grouping"
5197:
4897:
4687:"Comparative grading scales, statistical analyses, climber descriptors and ability grouping"
7420:
7405:
7395:
6646:
6612:
6392:
6166:
6144:
6137:
6125:
5924:
4516:
3693:
2352:
2188:". Often listed as "more than a week of hard climbing in extreme (i.e. alpine) conditions".
1933:
1150:
1068:
957:
930:
The American YDS (or 'Yosemite Decimal System') was developed independently by climbers at
882:
811:
594:
214:
192:
185:
173:
2117:
8:
7295:
7113:
7092:
6995:
6937:
6932:
6891:
6866:
6789:
6695:
6617:
6529:
6270:
5931:
5373:
5122:
5040:
5012:
4825:
4797:
4769:
4684:
2181:
NCCS Grade VI: "Two or more days of hard climbing". Often listed as "two days to a week".
2102:
2092:
2020:
1867:
1583:
1391:
961:
742:
696:
651:
598:
450:
428:
1834:
1777:
1404:
free climb in the world to carry a grade of 9c (French), 5.15d (American), XII+ (UIAA):
1317:
825:. As of September 2023, the hardest free climb in the world is the sport climbing route
601:. Notable traditional climbing systems include the British E-grade system (e.g. E4 6a).
53:
7435:
7017:
6985:
6656:
6639:
6495:
6473:
6439:
6188:
6183:
6178:
5956:
4709:
2157:
1796:
The WI-grade is for "hard ice"; steep snow slopes, which are encountered frequently on
1755:
1522:
1295:
1224:
1158:
972:" is added where protection is inadequate and any fall could risk serious injury, and "
854:
733:
579:
575:
510:
455:
236:
231:
226:
113:
5805:
Ogden, Jared (2005). "Chapter 2: Big Wall Climbing Procedures, Grades & Ratings".
5227:
Ogden, Jared (2005). "Chapter 2: Big Wall Climbing Procedures, Grades & Ratings".
5036:"Gym Bouldering Grades Vs. Outdoor Grades: 11 Reasons Why Outdoor Climbing Feels Hard"
2309:. This system has seven levels denoted by Roman numerals I–VII, and is similar to the
1361:
in Lappnor in Finland, which is graded 9A (Font) and V17 (V-grade/Hueco), and was the
901:
7571:
7525:
7508:
7450:
7245:
7173:
7148:
7134:
7127:
6942:
6844:
6744:
6524:
6195:
6120:
6062:
5988:
5960:
5905:
5810:
5621:
5551:
5291:
5257:
5232:
5177:
5149:
4963:
4903:
4713:
4660:
4368:
2153:
1741:
1627:
1453:
1439:
1322:
1154:
984:
914:
483:
473:
243:
168:
64:
30:
This article is about classifying climbing routes. For the measure of steepness, see
4928:
1426:
7385:
7320:
7300:
7275:
7260:
7005:
6881:
6624:
6260:
5948:
4893:
4701:
4356:
2219:
Russian Grade 3A: Contains 1 to 1.5 pitches of III climbing on a multi-pitch route.
2122:
2038:
1746:
1617:
1284:
1162:
1085:
708:
515:
291:
281:
135:
5952:
5378:
4705:
2237:
Russian Grade 6A and 6B: Multi-day routes with considerable VI or harder climbing.
1880:
1839:
7513:
7380:
7325:
7280:
7255:
7225:
7010:
6980:
6903:
6898:
6757:
6705:
6629:
6590:
6563:
6248:
6221:
5172:
Elli, Fabio; Zabrok, Peter (2019). "Chapter 2. A Brief History of Aid Climbing".
4327:
2271:
Alaska Grade 1: Climb requires one day only, no technical (fifth-class) climbing.
2263:
climbing, and rarely appears outside of the region. A summary of the levels from
1998:
1818:
1797:
1396:
1024:
1019:
952:
878:
869:
827:
790:
646:
609:
505:
264:
5743:
2231:
Russian Grade 5A: Contains several pitches of V climbing on a 1- to 3-day route.
2175:
NCCS Grade IV: "A full day of technical climbing". Often listed as "a full day".
2041:, and graded TD (IFAS), 5.9 (American), 5c (French), VI− (UIAA-rock), IV (NCCS).
1992:, which is graded ED (IFAS-overall), VI (UIAA-rock), AI6 (WI-ice), M8 (M-mixed).
993:
7372:
7345:
7250:
7220:
7085:
7032:
6975:
6970:
6920:
6861:
6797:
6668:
6651:
6568:
6402:
6367:
6332:
6327:
6282:
6240:
6211:
6161:
6149:
2348:
2172:
NCCS Grade III: "Most of a day of roped climbing". Often listed as "5–8 hours".
1851:
1809:
1765:
1724:
1461: (8C) as a boulder route, but also f9a (5.14d) as a sport climbing route.
1191:
874:
807:
785:
642:
627:
590:
558:
500:
445:
390:
350:
345:
269:
254:
209:
197:
101:
5998:
4731:
4593:
1497:
950:
The American YDS system is an open-ended scale that was at 5.15d in 2023 with
7565:
7335:
7235:
7180:
7141:
7040:
6990:
6965:
6876:
6729:
6585:
6551:
6372:
6347:
6226:
6216:
6173:
6156:
6100:
5507:
5252:
Elli, Fabio; Zabrok, Peter (2019). "Chapter 2. Aid Climbing Rating Systems".
2222:
Russian Grade 3B: One or two pitches of III+/IV climbing on a full-day route.
2137:
1793:" suffix is sometimes used alongside the WI-grade to grade additional risks.
1595:
1572:
1349:
939:
931:
803:
586:
423:
395:
385:
365:
221:
204:
153:
31:
6849:
6018:
5866:
2025:
39:
7455:
7350:
7230:
7166:
7045:
7000:
6607:
6595:
6556:
6541:
6352:
6277:
6265:
6115:
2321:. The "Mount Cook" system was proposed by Hugh Logan in his 1982 guidebook
2185:
2133:
1773:
1720:
1668:
1653:
1623:
1556:
1256:
dates from 1912 and the ascent of the "Dedo de Deus" (God's Finger) in the
1182:
905:
726:
623:
616:
566:
478:
370:
298:
286:
163:
1149:, it was gradually adopted by other climbing areas in the region, such as
7290:
7285:
7022:
6915:
6814:
6600:
6534:
6357:
6337:
6299:
6287:
6253:
6038:
5668:"Tom Ballard claims world's first D15 dry tooling climb in the Dolomites"
2258:, which is graded 5.8 (American YDS), WI-6 (ice), M7 (mixed), A2 (Alaska)
2148:
1964:
1886:
1814:
1729:
1527:
1294:
grades. A number of systems have been used to assign a "risk" grade for
1055:
1045:
935:
839:
is graded 9c (French), 5.15d (American YDS), and XII+ (UIAA), and is the
806:
grading systems (which include the two main free climbing disciplines of
752:
631:
375:
355:
315:
303:
274:
6871:
6752:
6685:
6546:
6317:
6294:
6132:
4907:
2197:
The Russian grading system has a range from grade 1A–6B that aligns in
2125:
2045:
The IFAS system (or UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty), also called the
2034:
1981:
1649:
1414:
1387:
1348:. For various reasons, it is also noted that boulder grades on indoor
1341:
919:
781:
605:
574:
consistently risen in all forms of climbing, helped by improvements in
335:
310:
180:
4821:"Adam Ondra Repeats 'Bon Voyage', Confirms World's Hardest Trad Grade"
7194:
7187:
7055:
7050:
6960:
6925:
6839:
6784:
6690:
6634:
6573:
6322:
5543:
2246:
1894:
1789:
free climbing systems, although as with the American YDS system, an "
1568:
1117:
909:
867:
The French system is an open-ended scale that was at 9c in 2023 with
832:
413:
340:
1280:
769:
List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Single-pitch routes
7270:
7120:
6856:
6819:
6777:
6767:
6085:
5093:
1989:
1560:
1355:
As of September 2023, the hardest bouldering route in the world is
926:
big-wall free solo at the grade of 5.13a (American) or 7c+ (French)
885:
routes graded by the French system, and thus it is also called the
773:
List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Multi-pitch routes
635:
435:
418:
72:
4793:"Did James Pearson Just Establish the World's Hardest Trad Route?"
4156:(and the UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty), in the following way:
1723:
is the WI-grade, while the most dominant international system for
1063:
The most complex grading system is the British E-grade system (or
6886:
6772:
6722:
6578:
6342:
6009:
International Climbing Grade Comparison Chart (Rock and Boulders)
1938:
1313:
List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Boulder problems
1253:
1165:. While it uses Roman numerals, it is a separate system from the
360:
56:
freed it in 1991 at 9a (French), 5.14d (American YDS), XI (UIAA).
6049:(Comparative Grades Table) Reporting Grades in Climbing Research
5089:"Daniel Woods: "The Wheel of Life is a 9a track without plates""
671:
The six levels (Grade I–VI) of the "Welzenbach scale", from 1926
6734:
6700:
2291:
1145:). Developed at the start of the 20th century for the emerging
1564:
7483:
7330:
6802:
6680:
6512:
4765:"Is the British E-Grade Broken? And Can an Algorithm Fix It?"
2228:
Russian Grade 4B: Several pitches of IV+ or some V+ climbing.
2097:
656:
638:
with no ice) use the D-grade prefix (e.g. D8 instead of M8).
7484:
Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes
5616:
Gresham, Neil; Parnell, Ian (January 2009). "Mixed grades".
6054:
6032:
1382:
to 5.10c (American YDS), depending on what table is used.
1028:
569:
can suggest a grade, but it will be amended to reflect the
5286:
McNamara, Chris; Van Leuven, Chris (2011). "Aid Ratings".
5254:
Hooking Up – The Ultimate Big Wall and Aid Climbing Manual
5174:
Hooking Up – The Ultimate Big Wall and Aid Climbing Manual
2132:, is graded 5.7 (American), A2+ (A-grade), VI (NCCS) with
1817:(i.e. all the movement was on hard ice). The routes were
881:
protection removes some risk). It is less common to find
6051:, International Rock Climbing Research Association (2015)
5578:"Emmett talks about "Mission to Mars" and Helmcken Falls"
2209:
Russian Grade 2A: Several pitches of easy roped climbing.
2012:
4361:
Continental Divide: A History of American Mountaineering
1932:
This dual grade is needed as Scottish winter climbs use
1808:
In 2010, ice climbers began to put up new ice routes at
4862:"A brief explanation of UK traditional climbing grades"
2234:
Russian Grade 5B: Two-plus days with some VI+ climbing.
794:, the hardest free climbing route in the world and the
4659:(9th ed.). Quiller Publishing. pp. 563–570.
3677:
Main sources: RockFax Rock Climbing Grade Table (2021)
1506:
is one of the most famous boulders in history and the
798:
at 9c (French), 5.15d (American YDS), and XII+ (UIAA).
7426:
Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
2280:
Alaska Grade 4: Multiday, moderately technical climb.
2225:
Russian Grade 4A: A full-day route with IV+ climbing.
1954:
1921:, the second-ever Scottish Winder Grade XII/12 route.
7478:
International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
7431:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
5809:(1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. pp. 56–60.
5642:"Mixed Climbing Grades: Everything You Need to Know"
5550:(1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. pp. 84–86.
5231:(1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. pp. 59–60.
3698:
International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
2286:
Alaska Grade 6: Multiday, extremely technical climb.
1447: (8C), and a free climbing route at f9a (5.14d)
7490:
Union of International Mountain Leader Associations
5694:"Watch Ueli Steck on Les Drus North Couloir Direct"
5008:"10 Things You Didn't Know About Bouldering Grades"
4960:
Deep Water: Rockfax Guidebook to Deep Water Soloing
4134:
Main sources: RockFax Bouldering Grade Table (2021)
5285:
5064:"Adam Ondra climbing towards the world's first 9c"
1373:The Font-grade system is easily confused with the
991:grade (Levels I–VII) with the YDS grade (e.g. the
4929:"Historia wspinania na Jurze - ABCWSPINANIA.info"
2283:Alaska Grade 5: Multiday, highly technical climb.
2109:rock and ice climbing grades at each IPAS level.
1567:). Developed in the Japanese bouldering area of
7563:
5918:
5894:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
4892:
4649:
4510:
1368:
5615:
5256:(1st ed.). Versante Sud. pp. 71–87.
5176:(1st ed.). Versante Sud. pp. 25–52.
4896:; Coley, David (2015). "Chapter 17. Grading".
4653:(October 2017). "Appendix A: Rating Systems".
4287:
4265:
4243:
4221:
4199:
4177:
4066:
3986:
3863:
3736:
3498:
3462:
3424:
3388:
3211:
3175:
3140:
3103:
2942:
2905:
2870:
2835:
2445:
2216:) II+ and III climbing on a multi-pitch route.
1963:(NEI). A system was developed in the 1970s in
1871:no consensus that such comparisons are valid.
1279:was used in the limestone climbing areas near
6070:
5852:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
1719:The most dominant system internationally for
1443:, which is graded at both a boulder route at
1246:is now more common for sport-climbing routes.
593:. The American system adds an R/X suffix to
538:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
1909:Mixed climbing § Scottish winter grades
1893:(D16) in the "Tomorrow's World Cave" in the
1640:
1027:routes, and particularly those that use the
964:is assessed. A suffix of "PG-13" (using the
702:also incorporated proposals made in 1943 by
5325:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5290:(3rd ed.). SuperTopo. pp. 18–19.
5281:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5273:
2206:Russian Grade 1B: Some easy roped climbing.
1782:
1485:
1374:
1329: (8C) is the diagonal green line, and
1211:created his scale as an alternative to the
1105:
7472:International Federation of Sport Climbing
6077:
6063:
5548:Ice & Mixed Climbing: Modern Technique
5251:
5171:
4594:"Grade Conversions: Alpine Grading System"
4588:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4554:
2297:
1944:
1545:
1017:. The UIAA scale was at XII+ in 2023 with
960:routes where the level and quality of the
597:routes to reflect the additional risks of
545:
531:
5831:"The Moonflower Buttress (Bibler/Klewin)"
4840:
4612:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4172:
4167:
4153:
2184:NCCS Grade VII: "Remote walls climbed in
1714:
1582:. Created by American bouldering pioneer
1261:
846:
5921:"Scales of Difficulty in Mountaineering"
5901:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
5737:
5735:
5304:
5270:
5001:
4999:
4957:
4951:
4656:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
4355:
2245:
2116:
2024:
1984:on the 800-metre alpine climbing route,
1976:
1912:
1900:
1838:
1745:
1644:
1496:
1425:
1316:
1181:
1127:
1097:in Annot, France at E12, or 5.14d / 9a.
1044:
900:
776:
666:
38:
27:Degree of difficulty of a climbing route
5733:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5572:
5570:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5416:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4762:
3729:
3722:
2375:
2365:
2147:(NCCS) was devised in the 1960s by the
2145:National Climbing Classification System
1805:routes slightly easier than WI routes.
1786:
1243:
1220:
1216:
1174:
1170:
1076:
1072:
843:climb to have those grades in history.
14:
7564:
5969:"International Grade Comparison Chart"
5898:(2018). "Appendix A: Rating Systems".
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5773:International School of Mountaineering
5741:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5505:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5462:"International Grade Comparison Chart"
5414:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5369:"International Grade Comparison Chart"
5222:
5220:
5218:
5167:
5165:
5115:
5061:
5033:
4859:
4818:
4790:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4531:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4404:
2198:
2013:International French Adjectival System
1953:. Canadian ice climbs quote both the
1539:
1345:
1234:
1014:
944:
861:
831:which is in the Hanshelleren Cave, in
6058:
5804:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5226:
5143:
5005:
4939:from the original on 18 November 2018
4402:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2364:
1697:Aid climbing § New wave A-grades
1682:Aid climbing § Original A-grades
1198:8b+ (French), 5.14a (American) route.
966:American cinema classification system
896:
7532:
5923:. Central School of Mountaineering,
5712:
5567:
5542:
4976:
4899:High - Advanced Multi-Pitch Climbing
4881:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4515:. Central School of Mountaineering,
2334:
1917:Greg Boswell on the first ascent of
1885:When mixed climbing is done as pure
1760:high up on the severely overhanging
1212:
1207:system. In 1967, Australian climber
1203:Australia/New Zealand/South African
1194:, grade 32 (Ewbank) and the world's
7544:
5787:
5761:
5525:
5482:
5393:
5245:
5215:
5162:
4791:Potter, Stephen (9 February 2023).
4749:
4720:
4143:
1690:
1675:
1041:Traditional climbing § Grading
835:, Norway; the severely overhanging
24:
5999:RockFax Climbing Grade Conversions
5888:
5807:Big Wall Climbing: Elite Technique
5596:
5229:Big Wall Climbing: Elite Technique
5137:
4860:Grimes, Niall (28 February 2016).
4513:"Scales of Difficulty in Climbing"
4381:
2434:
2341:
1034:
988:
934:who adapted the class 5 rating of
725:Difficulty in Aided Climbing" for
675:In 1894, the Austrian mountaineer
25:
7588:
7441:South African Climbing Federation
5982:
5919:Mandelli, G; Angriman, A (2016).
5148:. Bloomsbury Sport. p. 185.
5118:"John Gill, Father of Bouldering"
5062:Hobley, Nicholas (26 June 2017).
5034:Miller, Delaney (21 March 2022).
4819:Clarke, Owen (21 February 2024).
4673:
4511:Mandelli, G; Angriman, A (2016).
2429:
2410:
2165:). NCCS grades are described as:
2156:routes, however, advancements in
2136:; or 5.13d (American), VI (NCCS)
1972:
1147:Saxon Switzerland climbing region
7543:
7531:
7520:
7519:
7507:
6413:IFSC World Championships winners
2112:
1955:Canadian Winter Commitment Grade
1705:
1262:UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty
762:
79:
5823:
5686:
5660:
5634:
5190:
5109:
5081:
5055:
5027:
4921:
4763:Gresham, Neil (27 April 2023).
3713:
3686:
2382:
2162:
2054:
1611:
1510:
1458:
1444:
1434:
1365:boulder to reach those grades.
1333:
1326:
1276:
1238:
1166:
890:
7411:British Mountaineering Council
5867:"Grades and Grade Conversions"
5847:5.8 (YDS) WI6 M7 A2 Steep Snow
4867:British Mountaineering Council
4812:
4784:
4349:
4338:Trail difficulty rating system
2021:Alpine climbing § Grading
1835:Mixed climbing § M-grades
987:routes will often include the
13:
1:
6043:Ari Paulin Base Camp Database
6029:UIAA Grades for Rock Climbing
5953:10.1080/19346182.2015.1107081
5620:. Rockfax. pp. 180–181.
5116:Clarke, Owen (3 March 2022).
5006:Samet, Matt (24 March 2022).
4706:10.1080/19346182.2015.1107081
4343:
1859:" suffix is used for danger.
1742:Ice climbing § WI-grades
1530:Climbing and Bouldering Guide
1464:
1369:Comparison with free climbing
1306:
1000:
855:Sport climbing § Grading
52:in free climbing grades when
6084:
6019:Grades and Grade Conversions
5097:(in Spanish). 23 August 2013
4300:
4276:
4254:
4232:
4210:
4188:
4162:
4149:
4114:
4098:
4082:
4050:
4034:
4018:
4002:
3971:
3955:
3939:
3923:
3909:
3893:
3879:
3848:
3832:
3816:
3800:
3784:
3768:
3752:
3706:
3637:
3601:
3572:
3535:
3351:
3321:
3284:
3247:
3072:
3047:
3019:
2977:
2798:
2761:
2725:
2689:
2652:
2617:
2581:
2550:
2513:
2483:
2370:
2356:
1926:
1604:
1599:
1378:
1336: (8B) is the blue line.
690:In 1923, German mountaineer
7:
4321:
3728:
3721:
3712:
3705:
2420:
2415:
2403:
2396:
2082:Whilst each IFAS grade can
1881:Dry-tooling § D-grades
1735:
1618:Aid climbing § Grading
1471:Fontainebleau climbing area
1275:). Up until the 1970s, the
10:
7593:
5146:The Indoor Climbing Manual
4365:W. W. Norton & Company
2389:
2241:
2192:
2037:, which is 850-metres, 25-
2018:
1906:
1878:
1874:
1832:
1828:
1739:
1694:
1679:
1615:
1492:
1469:The Font-grade (from the "
1437: (7B/7B+) section of
1310:
1038:
852:
766:
662:
29:
7503:
7464:
7401:Appalachian Mountain Club
7371:
7364:
7208:
7158:
7077:
7070:
6953:
6832:
6743:
6503:
6494:
6487:
6385:
6310:
6239:
6204:
6108:
6099:
6092:
5989:Climbing Grades Explained
5904:(9th ed.). Quiller.
4171:
4166:
4161:
4140:(2023), and UIAA (2021).
3683:(2023), and UIAA (2021).
3550:
3547:
3299:
3296:
3038:
3012:
3004:
2986:
2310:
2213:
2096:on the north face of the
1866:, mixed climbing pioneer
1641:Instability of aid grades
1250:Brazilian technical scale
1091:highest consensus E-grade
7316:Mountain Safety Research
7311:Mountain Equipment Co-op
5744:"Alpine Climbing Grades"
4333:History of rock climbing
4317:Main source: UIAA (2021)
3719:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2323:The Mount Cook Guidebook
2265:Alaska: A Climbing Guide
2212:Russian Grade 2B: Some (
2029:Climber on the big wall
823:history of rock climbing
715:Groupe de Haute Montagne
7446:South Tyrol Alpine Club
7241:Eastern Mountain Sports
7107:Canadian Alpine Journal
7100:American Alpine Journal
6363:Roof and tunnel hacking
5974:American Alpine Journal
5467:American Alpine Journal
5198:"Exhibit A (5.8 C2+ R)"
4962:. Rockfax. p. 14.
4958:Robinson, Mike (2007).
4152:can be compared to the
2307:Winter Commitment Grade
2060:Later, a + (pronounced
18:Yosemite Decimal System
7266:Holubar Mountaineering
7078:Magazines and journals
6408:IFSC World Cup winners
4732:"Rock climbing grades"
2357:British E-grade system
2259:
2140:
2042:
1993:
1922:
1847:
1769:
1715:Ice and mixed climbing
1664:
1514:
1448:
1424:
1337:
1199:
1060:
927:
847:French numerical grade
799:
672:
57:
7391:Alpine Club of Canada
7301:Marmot Mountain Works
7256:GERRY Mountain Sports
5508:"Ice climbing grades"
2298:Other notable systems
2249:
2120:
2068:) or a − (pronounced
2028:
1980:
1945:Other notable systems
1916:
1901:Scottish winter grade
1842:
1749:
1648:
1559:grading systems (see
1546:Other notable systems
1500:
1429:
1417:in an interview with
1406:
1320:
1185:
1128:Other notable systems
1048:
904:
780:
670:
42:
7421:Club Alpino Italiano
7406:Austrian Alpine Club
7396:American Alpine Club
5925:Club Alpino Italiano
5742:Paulin, Ari (2023).
5506:Paulin, Ari (2023).
5144:White, John (2014).
4730:Paulin, Ari (2023).
4517:Club Alpino Italiano
4363:(reprint ed.).
4168:French Alpine System
4154:French Alpine System
3694:Club Alpino Italiano
2353:traditional climbing
2047:French Alpine System
1986:North Couloir Direct
1968:used in New England.
1934:traditional climbing
1390:describing his 2017
1151:Bohemian Switzerland
1069:traditional climbing
1029:French Alpine System
958:traditional climbing
883:traditional climbing
812:traditional climbing
595:traditional climbing
7416:Club Alpin Français
6790:Mountaineering boot
6403:Piolet d'Or winners
4173:UIAA Overall Alpine
2416:Brazilian technical
2256:Mount Hunter Alaska
2252:Moonflower Buttress
2093:1938 Heckmair Route
1519:John "Verm" Sherman
1073:American YDS system
962:climbing protection
891:Font boulder grades
652:1938 Heckmair Route
599:climbing protection
102:Piolet d'Or winners
7436:German Alpine Club
6003:RockFax Publishing
5288:Yosemite Big Walls
4598:Rockfax Publishing
2328:Aoraki Tai Poutini
2260:
2141:
2043:
2001:around the world.
1994:
1923:
1862:In his 1996 book,
1848:
1772:The most dominant
1770:
1665:
1523:climbing guidebook
1515:
1503:Midnight Lightning
1486:French sport grade
1457:, which is graded
1449:
1375:French sport grade
1338:
1296:deep-water soloing
1292:Deep-water soloing
1252:. Climbing in the
1244:French sport grade
1225:climbing guidebook
1200:
1159:Lusatian Mountains
1106:French sport grade
1077:French sport grade
1065:British trad grade
1061:
1051:Clogwyn Du'r Arddu
928:
897:American YDS grade
887:French sport grade
800:
734:climbing guidebook
673:
576:climbing technique
567:first ascensionist
58:
7559:
7558:
7499:
7498:
7451:Swiss Alpine Club
7204:
7203:
7159:Non-fiction films
7135:Planinski Vestnik
7128:Himalayan Journal
7066:
7065:
6828:
6827:
6457:Historical events
6428:Eight-thousanders
6381:
6380:
6235:
6234:
6039:Grading of Climbs
5941:Sports Technology
5775:. 1 February 2021
5674:. 5 February 2016
4933:abcwspinania.info
4894:Kirkpatrick, Andy
4694:Sports Technology
4666:978-1-68051-004-1
4357:Isserman, Maurice
4314:
4313:
4131:
4130:
3674:
3673:
2335:Comparison tables
2319:Mount Cook system
2199:comparison tables
2154:big wall climbing
2009:now in less use.
1628:big wall climbing
1540:comparison tables
1454:The Wheel of Life
1440:The Wheel of Life
1346:comparison tables
1235:comparison tables
1155:Bohemian Paradise
1143:East German scale
1015:comparison tables
985:big wall climbing
862:comparison tables
817:The evolution of
555:
554:
136:Eight-thousanders
126:Historical events
16:(Redirected from
7584:
7547:
7546:
7535:
7534:
7523:
7522:
7511:
7369:
7368:
7321:Outdoor Research
7075:
7074:
6501:
6500:
6492:
6491:
6462:Grade milestones
6271:Expedition style
6106:
6105:
6097:
6096:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6056:
6055:
5978:
5964:
5938:
5928:
5915:
5896:The Mountaineers
5883:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5863:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5842:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5802:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5769:"Alpine Grading"
5765:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5739:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5698:Gripped Magazine
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5618:Winter CLIMBING+
5613:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5574:
5565:
5564:
5540:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5503:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5458:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5381:on 30 March 2021
5377:. Archived from
5365:
5302:
5301:
5283:
5268:
5267:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5224:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5202:Mountain Project
5194:
5188:
5187:
5169:
5160:
5159:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5003:
4974:
4973:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4890:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4857:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4760:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4727:
4718:
4717:
4691:
4682:
4671:
4670:
4651:The Mountaineers
4647:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4590:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4508:
4379:
4378:
4353:
4159:
4158:
4148:As of 2023, the
3703:
3702:
2436:
2431:
2362:
2361:
1764:(graded WI10+),
1759:
1691:New wave A-grade
1676:Original A-grade
1667:The grade of an
1535:Burden of Dreams
1481:Burden of Dreams
1422:
1409:sure about that.
1358:Burden of Dreams
1285:Wojciech Kurtyka
1258:Serra dos Órgãos
1188:Punks in the Gym
1163:Zittau Mountains
1083:(E11 7a) and on
819:grade milestones
746:
738:Francois Labande
723:
712:
700:
692:Willo Welzenbach
685:
547:
540:
533:
292:Expedition style
131:Grade milestones
83:
60:
59:
54:Wolfgang Güllich
21:
7592:
7591:
7587:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7555:
7495:
7460:
7360:
7226:Cascade Designs
7200:
7154:
7062:
6949:
6824:
6758:Abalakov thread
6739:
6483:
6377:
6306:
6231:
6200:
6184:Deep-water solo
6088:
6083:
6013:MountainProject
5985:
5967:
5936:
5912:
5891:
5889:Further reading
5886:
5876:
5874:
5865:
5864:
5853:
5840:
5838:
5835:MountainProject
5829:
5828:
5824:
5817:
5803:
5788:
5778:
5776:
5767:
5766:
5762:
5752:
5750:
5740:
5713:
5703:
5701:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5651:
5649:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5628:
5614:
5597:
5587:
5585:
5584:. 24 April 2020
5576:
5575:
5568:
5558:
5541:
5526:
5516:
5514:
5504:
5483:
5473:
5471:
5460:
5459:
5394:
5384:
5382:
5367:
5366:
5305:
5298:
5284:
5271:
5264:
5250:
5246:
5239:
5225:
5216:
5206:
5204:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5184:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5142:
5138:
5128:
5126:
5114:
5110:
5100:
5098:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5072:
5070:
5060:
5056:
5046:
5044:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5004:
4977:
4970:
4956:
4952:
4942:
4940:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4912:
4910:
4891:
4882:
4872:
4870:
4858:
4841:
4831:
4829:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4801:
4789:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4761:
4750:
4740:
4738:
4728:
4721:
4689:
4683:
4674:
4667:
4648:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4592:
4591:
4532:
4522:
4520:
4509:
4382:
4375:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4328:Beta (climbing)
4324:
4306:
4293:
4146:
3731:
3724:
3715:
3708:
3689:
3040:
3006:
2988:
2422:
2405:
2399:(Aus. & NZ)
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2371:British E-grade
2344:
2337:
2300:
2244:
2195:
2115:
2023:
2015:
1999:alpine climbing
1975:
1961:New England Ice
1947:
1927:British E-grade
1911:
1903:
1883:
1877:
1850:The grading of
1837:
1831:
1823:Mission to Mars
1798:alpine climbing
1762:Clash of Titans
1753:
1751:Angelika Rainer
1744:
1738:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1661:Eldorado Canyon
1643:
1620:
1614:
1605:British E-grade
1548:
1513: (7B/7B+).
1495:
1467:
1430:Climber on the
1423:
1413:
1379:British E-grade
1371:
1315:
1309:
1273:Kurtyka's scale
1213:British E-grade
1130:
1043:
1037:
1035:British E-grade
1025:alpine climbing
1003:
945:exactly aligned
899:
857:
849:
775:
765:
740:
717:
706:
694:
679:
665:
647:alpine climbing
559:climbing routes
551:
522:
460:
400:
322:
248:
232:Deep-water solo
147:
50:major milestone
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7590:
7580:
7579:
7577:Rating systems
7574:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7553:
7541:
7529:
7517:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7487:
7481:
7475:
7468:
7466:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7377:
7375:
7366:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7346:The North Face
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7276:Sierra Designs
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7251:Frostline Kits
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7191:
7184:
7177:
7170:
7162:
7160:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7152:
7145:
7142:Rock & Ice
7138:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7110:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7086:Alpine Journal
7081:
7079:
7072:
7068:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7014:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6976:Climbing route
6973:
6968:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6935:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6921:Simul-climbing
6918:
6913:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6862:Front pointing
6859:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6847:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6798:Avalanche cord
6792:
6787:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6770:
6765:
6763:Bottled oxygen
6760:
6755:
6749:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6726:
6725:
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6678:
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6666:
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6476:
6471:
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6454:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6418:IFSC victories
6415:
6410:
6405:
6395:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6370:
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6355:
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6292:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6245:
6243:
6241:Mountaineering
6237:
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6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6208:
6206:
6202:
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6142:
6141:
6140:
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6129:
6128:
6118:
6112:
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6103:
6094:
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6081:
6074:
6067:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6046:
6036:
6026:
6016:
6006:
5996:
5984:
5983:External links
5981:
5980:
5979:
5965:
5947:(3–4): 88–94.
5929:
5916:
5911:978-1846892622
5910:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5851:
5822:
5816:978-0898867480
5815:
5786:
5760:
5711:
5685:
5672:PlanetMountain
5659:
5633:
5627:978-1873341964
5626:
5595:
5566:
5557:978-0898867695
5556:
5524:
5481:
5392:
5303:
5297:978-0983322504
5296:
5269:
5263:978-8885475809
5262:
5244:
5238:978-0898867480
5237:
5214:
5189:
5183:978-8885475809
5182:
5161:
5155:978-1408186626
5154:
5136:
5108:
5091:[es].
5080:
5068:PlanetMountain
5054:
5026:
4975:
4969:978-1873341766
4968:
4950:
4920:
4880:
4839:
4811:
4783:
4748:
4719:
4700:(3–4): 88–94.
4672:
4665:
4611:
4530:
4380:
4374:978-0393353761
4373:
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4150:Russian system
4145:
4144:Mountaineering
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2809:
2806:
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2797:
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2701:
2698:
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2679:
2676:
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2670:
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2664:
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2650:
2647:
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2640:
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2634:
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2607:
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2527:
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2466:
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2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:(South Africa)
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2349:sport climbing
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2315:
2299:
2296:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2114:
2111:
2019:Main article:
2014:
2011:
1974:
1973:Mountaineering
1971:
1970:
1969:
1958:
1946:
1943:
1907:Main article:
1902:
1899:
1891:Parallel World
1879:Main article:
1876:
1873:
1852:mixed climbing
1833:Main article:
1830:
1827:
1810:Helmcken Falls
1766:Helmcken Falls
1740:Main article:
1737:
1734:
1725:mixed climbing
1716:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1695:Main article:
1692:
1689:
1680:Main article:
1677:
1674:
1642:
1639:
1616:Main article:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1588:
1576:
1547:
1544:
1494:
1491:
1466:
1463:
1419:PlanetMountain
1411:
1370:
1367:
1350:climbing walls
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1289:
1265:
1247:
1228:
1192:Mount Arapiles
1180:
1179:
1129:
1126:
1053:in Wales with
1036:
1033:
1002:
999:
997:at 5.13b VI).
898:
895:
875:sport climbing
848:
845:
808:sport climbing
786:sport climbing
764:
761:
664:
661:
643:mountaineering
630:(i.e. ice and
628:mixed climbing
591:sport climbing
571:consensus view
553:
552:
550:
549:
542:
535:
527:
524:
523:
521:
520:
519:
518:
513:
508:
498:
493:
492:
491:
486:
476:
470:
467:
466:
462:
461:
459:
458:
453:
448:
446:Simul climbing
443:
438:
433:
432:
431:
421:
416:
410:
407:
406:
402:
401:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
332:
329:
328:
324:
323:
321:
320:
319:
318:
308:
307:
306:
296:
295:
294:
289:
279:
278:
277:
272:
261:
258:
257:
255:mountaineering
250:
249:
247:
246:
241:
240:
239:
234:
229:
219:
218:
217:
212:
202:
201:
200:
190:
189:
188:
178:
177:
176:
166:
160:
157:
156:
149:
148:
146:
145:
140:
139:
138:
133:
123:
122:
121:
111:
110:
109:
107:IFSC victories
104:
93:
90:
89:
85:
84:
76:
75:
69:
68:
45:Action Directe
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7589:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7552:
7551:
7542:
7540:
7539:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7518:
7516:
7515:
7510:
7506:
7505:
7502:
7491:
7488:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7476:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:International
7463:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7370:
7367:
7365:Organizations
7363:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7236:Early Winters
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7216:Black Diamond
7214:
7213:
7211:
7207:
7197:
7196:
7192:
7190:
7189:
7185:
7183:
7182:
7181:The Dawn Wall
7178:
7176:
7175:
7171:
7169:
7168:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7157:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7109:
7108:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7076:
7073:
7069:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7041:Bachar ladder
7039:
7038:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6991:Climbing wall
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6966:Approach shoe
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6952:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6897:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6831:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6586:Climbing rope
6584:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6490:
6486:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6468:
6467:First ascents
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6101:Rock climbing
6098:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6080:
6075:
6073:
6068:
6066:
6061:
6060:
6057:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5935:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5848:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5818:
5812:
5808:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5774:
5770:
5764:
5749:
5748:Ari'sBaseCamp
5745:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5700:. 25 May 2018
5699:
5695:
5689:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5629:
5623:
5619:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5583:
5579:
5573:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5513:
5512:Ari'sBaseCamp
5509:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5299:
5293:
5289:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5265:
5259:
5255:
5248:
5240:
5234:
5230:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5185:
5179:
5175:
5168:
5166:
5157:
5151:
5147:
5140:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5112:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5084:
5069:
5065:
5058:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5030:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4971:
4965:
4961:
4954:
4938:
4935:(in Polish).
4934:
4930:
4924:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4815:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4787:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4737:
4736:Ari'sBaseCamp
4733:
4726:
4724:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4668:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4376:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4348:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4309:
4307:(the old ED+)
4304:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3828:
3826:5.10d/5.11a/b
3825:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3726:
3717:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2427:
2424:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2342:Free climbing
2339:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2267:(2001) is:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2113:American NCCS
2110:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:Alpine System
2048:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1711:hammerless).
1706:Clean C-grade
1703:
1698:
1688:
1683:
1673:
1670:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1596:peak district
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:Dankyū system
1550:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:The two main
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Dresden scale
1136:
1133:German/Swiss
1132:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1008:
998:
996:
995:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
948:
946:
941:
940:decimal point
937:
933:
932:Tahquitz Peak
925:
921:
917:
916:
911:
907:
903:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:
865:
863:
856:
851:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
829:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
804:free climbing
802:The two main
797:
793:
792:
787:
783:
779:
774:
770:
763:Free climbing
760:
756:
754:
749:
744:
739:
735:
730:
728:
721:
716:
710:
705:
704:Lucien Devies
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
677:Fritz Benesch
669:
660:
658:
654:
653:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
613:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:free climbing
583:
581:
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:
548:
543:
541:
536:
534:
529:
528:
526:
525:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
497:
494:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
469:
468:
464:
463:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
441:Self rescuing
439:
437:
434:
430:
427:
426:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
409:
408:
404:
403:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
331:
330:
326:
325:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
305:
302:
301:
300:
297:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
283:
280:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
266:
263:
262:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
245:
242:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
223:
220:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
206:
203:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
187:
184:
183:
182:
179:
175:
172:
171:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
159:
158:
155:
154:rock climbing
151:
150:
144:
141:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
92:
91:
87:
86:
82:
78:
77:
74:
71:
70:
66:
62:
61:
55:
51:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
32:grade (slope)
19:
7548:
7536:
7524:
7512:
7456:USA Climbing
7356:Wild Country
7351:Therm-a-Rest
7193:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7167:The Alpinist
7165:
7147:
7140:
7133:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7105:
7098:
7091:
7084:
7046:Campus board
7027:
7001:First ascent
6745:Ice and snow
6542:Belay device
6393:Alpine clubs
6353:Ropes course
6266:Alpine style
6042:
6022:
6012:
6002:
5992:
5972:
5944:
5940:
5899:
5875:. Retrieved
5870:
5846:
5839:. Retrieved
5834:
5825:
5806:
5777:. Retrieved
5772:
5763:
5751:. Retrieved
5747:
5702:. Retrieved
5697:
5688:
5676:. Retrieved
5671:
5662:
5650:. Retrieved
5646:Ascentionism
5645:
5636:
5617:
5586:. Retrieved
5581:
5561:
5547:
5515:. Retrieved
5511:
5472:. Retrieved
5465:
5383:. Retrieved
5379:the original
5372:
5287:
5253:
5247:
5228:
5205:. Retrieved
5201:
5192:
5173:
5145:
5139:
5127:. Retrieved
5121:
5111:
5099:. Retrieved
5092:
5083:
5071:. Retrieved
5067:
5057:
5045:. Retrieved
5039:
5029:
5017:. Retrieved
5011:
4959:
4953:
4941:. Retrieved
4932:
4923:
4911:. Retrieved
4898:
4871:. Retrieved
4865:
4830:. Retrieved
4824:
4814:
4802:. Retrieved
4796:
4786:
4774:. Retrieved
4768:
4739:. Retrieved
4735:
4697:
4693:
4654:
4602:. Retrieved
4597:
4521:. Retrieved
4360:
4351:
4316:
4315:
4294:(the old ED)
4147:
4137:
4133:
4132:
3690:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3014:
2411:Scandinavian
2366:American YDS
2345:
2338:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2317:New Zealand
2306:
2301:
2289:
2264:
2261:
2251:
2196:
2186:alpine style
2144:
2142:
2129:
2106:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2031:Cassin Route
2030:
2016:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1985:
1960:
1951:Canadian Ice
1950:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1904:
1890:
1884:
1863:
1861:
1849:
1843:
1822:
1807:
1802:
1795:
1787:American YDS
1774:ice climbing
1771:
1761:
1721:ice climbing
1718:
1709:
1700:
1685:
1669:aid climbing
1666:
1657:
1654:first ascent
1631:
1624:aid climbing
1621:
1612:Aid climbing
1592:Peak B-grade
1591:
1579:
1557:martial arts
1552:
1533:
1526:
1516:
1501:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1452:
1450:
1438:
1431:
1418:
1407:
1395:
1384:
1372:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1291:
1272:
1269:Cracow scale
1268:
1249:
1231:Scandinavian
1230:
1221:French sport
1217:American YDS
1204:
1187:
1175:French sport
1171:American YDS
1142:
1138:
1134:
1124:protection.
1112:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1084:
1080:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1049:The crag of
1018:
1012:
1004:
994:Salathé Wall
992:
982:
951:
949:
929:
913:
906:Alex Honnold
886:
877:(i.e. where
868:
866:
858:
850:
836:
826:
816:
801:
789:
757:
750:
731:
689:
674:
650:
640:
624:ice climbing
621:
617:aid climbing
614:
603:
584:
570:
562:
556:
495:
479:First ascent
381:Roof hacking
371:Rock hopping
287:Alpine style
43:
36:
7550:WikiProject
7386:Alpine Club
7381:Access Fund
7291:Lowe Alpine
7286:La Sportiva
7023:Fall factor
6916:Self-arrest
6892:Redpointing
6815:Snow anchor
6569:Boulder mat
6518:Daisy chain
6488:Terminology
6479:Terminology
6358:Rooftopping
6300:Hillwalking
6288:Dry-tooling
6254:Via ferrata
6167:Traditional
6145:Competition
6126:Multi-pitch
6109:Disciplines
5995:(June 2023)
5877:2 September
5841:8 September
5753:5 September
5704:2 September
5652:5 September
5517:5 September
5129:1 September
5047:1 September
5019:1 September
4943:18 November
4913:3 September
4873:2 September
4804:2 September
4776:2 September
4741:7 September
4604:2 September
3749:<5a/5b+
3746:<5.6/5.7
3700:from 2016.
2250:The iconic
2149:Sierra Club
1965:New England
1919:Banana Wall
1887:dry-tooling
1815:dry-tooling
1754: [
1730:dry-tooling
1528:Hueco Tanks
1508:second-ever
1209:John Ewbank
1186:Climber on
1135:Saxon scale
1056:Indian Face
936:Sierra Club
753:Sierra Club
741: [
718: [
707: [
695: [
680: [
429:Redpointing
405:Key actions
376:Rooftopping
327:Other types
316:Hillwalking
304:Dry-tooling
275:Via ferrata
215:Traditional
193:Competition
174:Multi-pitch
143:Terminology
7566:Categories
7174:El Capitan
6938:Traversing
6887:Onsighting
6867:Glissading
6850:Dülfersitz
6845:Australian
6808:Transeiver
6753:Alpenstock
6686:Portaledge
6674:Copperhead
6613:Descenders
6547:Auto belay
6338:Commercial
6318:Buildering
6295:Scrambling
6205:Rock types
6196:Top roping
6133:Bouldering
5993:HardClimbs
5562:Ice Grades
5544:Gadd, Will
4908:B00UJG9DH6
4344:References
3716:Font Grade
3687:Bouldering
2214:UIAA scale
2163:UIAA scale
2158:techniques
2126:El Capitan
2055:UIAA scale
2035:Piz Badile
1982:Ueli Steck
1844:Rocket Man
1650:Layton Kor
1580:"B" system
1475:L'Abbatoir
1465:Font grade
1432:Rave Heart
1415:Adam Ondra
1402:first-ever
1388:Adam Ondra
1363:first-ever
1331:Somnolence
1311:See also:
1307:Bouldering
1277:UIAA scale
1239:UIAA scale
1196:first-ever
1167:UIAA scale
1161:, and the
1122:bomb-proof
1095:Bon Voyage
1039:See also:
1001:UIAA scale
978:chop route
924:first-ever
920:El Capitan
879:pre-bolted
853:See also:
841:first-ever
796:first-ever
782:Adam Ondra
767:See also:
727:aid routes
606:bouldering
456:Techniques
451:Traversing
356:Commercial
336:Buildering
311:Scrambling
244:Top roping
181:Bouldering
7326:Patagonia
7209:Companies
7195:Hard Grit
7188:Free Solo
7056:MoonBoard
7051:Hangboard
7037:Training
6986:Guidebook
6961:Ape index
6926:Rope team
6840:Abseiling
6785:Ice screw
6691:Quickdraw
6574:Carabiner
6496:Equipment
6474:Technique
6440:Equipment
6323:Canyoning
6261:Himalayan
6189:Rope solo
6179:Free solo
5961:111441279
4714:111441279
3723:~American
3707:American
2305:Canadian
2074:inférieur
2066:supérieur
1895:Dolomites
1868:Jeff Lowe
1864:Ice World
1658:Exhibit A
1622:The main
1584:John Gill
1578:American
1569:Ogawayama
1551:Japanese
1323:Dreamtime
1118:free solo
983:American
915:Freerider
910:free solo
833:Flatanger
636:ice tools
580:equipment
465:Key terms
414:Abseiling
341:Canyoning
282:Himalayan
253:Types of
237:Rope solo
227:Free solo
152:Types of
114:Equipment
7572:Climbing
7526:Category
7373:National
7271:JanSport
7246:Five Ten
7121:Desnivel
7114:Climbing
7093:Alpinist
7018:Exposure
6996:Chipping
6943:Tyrolean
6933:Spotting
6904:Crevasse
6882:Flashing
6872:Jumaring
6857:Belaying
6820:Snowshoe
6778:Ice tool
6768:Crampons
6618:Figure-8
6530:Ascender
6398:Climbers
6138:Highball
6121:Big wall
6086:Climbing
5927:, Italy.
5546:(2003).
5374:Alpinist
5123:Climbing
5101:5 August
5094:Desnivel
5041:Climbing
5013:Climbing
4937:Archived
4832:18 April
4826:Climbing
4798:Climbing
4770:Climbing
4359:(2017).
4322:See also
4292:ED1/ED2
3730:~French
3696:for the
2684:III sup
2439:Finland
2355:focused
1990:Les Drus
1803:AI-grade
1778:M-grades
1736:WI-grade
1633:The Nose
1590:British
1412:—
1392:redpoint
1377:and the
1300:S-grades
1178:systems.
1086:Rhapsody
922:was the
908:'s 2017
713:and the
632:dry-tool
436:Jumaring
419:Belaying
186:Highball
169:Big wall
97:Climbers
73:Climbing
65:a series
63:Part of
7538:Commons
7492:(UIMLA)
7486:(UIAGM)
6877:Leading
6794:Rescue
6773:Ice axe
6723:Camalot
6657:Lanyard
6640:Skyhook
6625:Harness
6596:Dynamic
6579:Maillon
6552:Glasses
6433:Everest
6424:Deaths
6343:Parkour
6023:theCrag
5977:. 2013.
5871:theCrag
4519:, Italy
4281:TD+/ED1
4240:III/IV
4218:II/III
4215:PD+/AD−
4163:Russian
4138:theCrag
3999:8a/8a+
3983:7c+/8a
3968:7c/7c+
3952:7b+/7c
3906:7a+/7b
3876:7a/7a+
3829:6b+/6c
3813:6b/6b+
3810:5.10c/d
3797:6a+/6b
3794:5.10a/b
3781:6a/6a+
3714:French
3709:V-Grade
3681:theCrag
2971:VI sup
2792:IV sup
2576:II sup
2442:Norway
2423:Kurtyka
2421:Polish
2404:Ewbank
2397:Ewbank
2376:French
2242:Alaskan
2193:Russian
2121:The 16-
2107:implied
2039:pitches
1939:onsight
1875:D-grade
1829:M-grade
1652:on the
1600:V-grade
1521:in his
1493:V-grade
1421:(2017).
1397:Silence
1342:boulder
1267:Polish
1254:carioca
1113:typical
1081:Lexicon
1020:Silence
953:Silence
870:Silence
837:Silence
828:Silence
791:Silence
784:on the
736:author
663:History
655:on the
561:have a
424:Leading
361:Parkour
7514:Portal
7480:(UIAA)
7474:(IFSC)
7306:Millet
7296:Mammut
7261:Grivel
7231:Deuter
7149:Summit
7033:Guides
7028:Grades
6899:Rescue
6833:Action
6735:Tricam
6701:Grigri
6647:Hammer
6601:Static
6557:Gloves
6525:Anchor
6445:Brands
6249:Alpine
6045:(2023)
6035:(2023)
6025:(2023)
6015:(2023)
6005:(2023)
5959:
5908:
5873:. 2023
5837:. 2023
5813:
5648:. 2023
5624:
5582:Climbr
5554:
5470:. 2013
5294:
5260:
5235:
5207:25 May
5180:
5152:
5073:2 July
4966:
4906:
4712:
4663:
4600:. 2022
4371:
4237:AD+/D−
4193:F+/PD−
3670:VI.9+
3569:VI.8+
3563:10/10+
3495:VI.7+
3421:VI.6+
3318:VI.5+
3244:VI.4+
3137:VI.3+
3131:7+/8−
3015:VI.2+
2974:VI.1+
2666:IV+/V−
2508:I sup
2390:Saxon
2314:today.
2292:Denali
2130:Zodiac
2128:route
2088:always
1819:bolted
1783:French
1594:. The
1573:shodan
1400:, the
1281:Kraków
1205:Ewbank
788:route
771:, and
474:Anchor
265:Alpine
48:was a
7331:Petzl
7281:Kelty
7071:Media
7006:Pitch
6971:Clean
6954:Other
6803:RECCO
6730:Shoes
6718:SLCDs
6713:Sling
6681:Piton
6630:Hooks
6608:Chalk
6535:Croll
6513:Aider
6450:Knots
6386:Lists
6368:Slide
6333:Grass
6328:Crane
6311:Other
6283:Mixed
6212:Crack
6162:Sport
6150:Speed
6093:Types
5957:S2CID
5937:(PDF)
5779:4 May
5678:2 May
5588:5 May
5474:1 May
5385:1 May
4710:S2CID
4690:(PDF)
4523:4 May
4284:V/VI
4262:IV/V
4196:I/II
4124:5.15c
4108:5.15b
4092:5.15a
4076:5.14d
4060:5.14c
4044:5.14b
4028:5.14a
4012:5.13d
3996:5.13c
3980:5.13b
3965:5.13a
3949:5.12d
3933:5.12c
3903:5.12b
3873:5.12a
3857:5.11d
3842:5.11c
3732:sport
3652:XIIIc
3639:5.15d
3634:VI.9
3616:XIIIb
3603:5.15c
3574:5.15b
3551:XIIIa
3537:5.15a
3532:VI.8
3500:5.14d
3464:5.14c
3459:VI.7
3426:5.14b
3390:5.14a
3385:VI.6
3353:5.13d
3343:9−/9
3323:5.13c
3286:5.13b
3281:VI.5
3249:5.13a
3238:8/8+
3213:5.12d
3177:5.12c
3172:VI.4
3142:5.12b
3116:VIII+
3105:5.12a
3100:VI.3
3074:5.11d
3049:5.11c
3028:VIII−
3021:5.11b
3013:VI.2
2994:VIIIc
2979:5.11a
2958:VIIIb
2944:5.10d
2939:VI.1
2921:VIIIa
2907:5.10c
2899:Vsup
2872:5.10b
2837:5.10a
2820:17–18
2747:14–15
2744:14–15
2675:11–12
2672:11–12
2392:scale
2385:scale
2383:UIAA
2378:sport
2123:pitch
2098:Eiger
2084:imply
1758:]
1141:, or
745:]
722:]
711:]
699:]
684:]
657:Eiger
563:grade
557:Many
516:Pitch
511:Guide
501:Route
496:Grade
391:Slide
351:Grass
346:Crane
270:Mixed
210:Sport
198:Speed
119:Knots
88:Lists
7221:CAMP
7011:Topo
6981:Beta
6909:Self
6706:Revo
6696:SLDs
6635:Fifi
6591:Cord
6564:Bolt
6505:Rock
6373:Tree
6348:Pole
6227:Slab
6222:Roof
6217:Face
6174:Solo
6157:Free
6033:UIAA
5906:ISBN
5879:2023
5843:2023
5811:ISBN
5781:2023
5755:2023
5706:2023
5680:2023
5654:2023
5622:ISBN
5590:2023
5552:ISBN
5519:2023
5476:2023
5387:2023
5292:ISBN
5258:ISBN
5233:ISBN
5209:2023
5178:ISBN
5150:ISBN
5131:2023
5103:2023
5075:2023
5049:2023
5021:2023
4964:ISBN
4945:2018
4915:2023
4904:ASIN
4875:2023
4834:2024
4806:2023
4778:2023
4743:2023
4661:ISBN
4606:2023
4525:2023
4369:ISBN
4310:VII
4305:ED2
4229:III
4127:9b+
4095:9a+
4063:8c+
4031:8b+
3936:7b+
3890:7a+
3845:6c+
3667:13a
3649:XII+
3631:12c
3596:12b
3566:12a
3548:XII−
3529:11c
3514:XIIc
3492:11b
3477:XIIb
3456:11a
3441:XIIa
3418:10c
3415:9/9+
3382:10b
3346:10a
3084:VIII
2955:VII+
2902:VI+
2883:VII−
2851:VIIc
2814:VIIb
2777:VIIa
2722:IV+
2646:III
2614:III
2430:Tech
2311:NCCS
2143:The
2138:free
2105:the
2103:list
2072:for
2064:for
2049:(or
1785:and
1781:the
1563:and
1271:(or
1219:and
1173:and
1137:(or
1093:was
1007:UIAA
1005:The
989:NCCS
980:").
810:and
645:and
610:crux
578:and
506:Beta
489:FFFA
396:Tree
386:Rope
366:Pole
222:Solo
205:Free
7341:REI
7336:Rab
6669:Nut
6662:PAC
6652:Hex
6278:Ice
6116:Aid
5949:doi
4702:doi
4297:VI
4251:IV
4207:II
4116:V17
4111:9b
4103:8C+
4100:V16
4084:V15
4079:9a
4071:8B+
4068:V14
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