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States, in following years, to get Japan to increase its military expenditure were rejected by Prime
Minister Yoshida on the basis of Japan's pacifist post-war constitution. Military was not the only thing Japan relied on the United States for. During the Cold War, Japan's largest trading partner was the United States. Exports to the United States at the time played a large role in Japan's economic development.
53:, the Japanese government continued to function. It held its first post-war election in the spring of 1946. This election was also the first time women were allowed to vote in Japan. Yoshida Shigeru emerged as the winner of the election, becoming prime minister. Around the same time, discontent grew over the previous
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The
Yoshida doctrine and Japan's foreign policy of the time, emphasized mutual relations with the United States. Japan relied on the United States’ military for security, because of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, being denied the right to war-making potential. Repeated attempts by the United
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Prime
Minister Yoshida's aim was to focus all available means on an economic recovery. Given the lack of military power, Japanese foreign policy naturally placed emphasis on economic policy. Yoshida envisioned a speedy economic recovery through which Japan would be able to once again become a major
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who served as
Yoshida's finance minister and later was prime minister. The Yoshida doctrine was accepted by the United States. Most historians argue the policy was wise and successful, but a minority criticize it as naĂŻve and inappropriate. Furthermore, the term "Yoshida Doctrine" was coined
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world power (at which point Japan would be in a position to rearm). His policy was thus not rooted in pacifism but was in line with the realist foreign policy that's been a dominating force in Japan's approach to international relations since the
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against
Communism. Second, Japan relies on American military strength and limits its own defense forces to a minimum. Third, Japan emphasizes economic diplomacy in its world affairs. The economic dimension was fostered by
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which stated that "the
Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation" and that military forces "will never be maintained". Article 9 played a large role in the development of Yoshida's policy.
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took leadership roles as Japan began to rebuild its industrial infrastructure and placed a premium on unrestrained economic growth. Many of these concepts still impact Japan's political and economic policies.
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31:. The Yoshida Doctrine emerged in 1951 and it shaped Japanese foreign policy into the 21st century. First, Japan is firmly allied with the United States in the
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Holcombe, C. (2011). A History of East Asia: From the origins of civilization to the twenty-first century (pp. 277-286). New York: Cambridge
University Press.
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decades after
Yoshida had stepped down, and some critics question whether it deserves to be described as a doctrine at all.
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in
November 1946, it took effect in May 1947, and it continues on today. One important aspect of the Constitution was
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Masuda, Hajimu. "Fear of World War III: Social
Politics of Japan’s Rearmament and Peace Movements, 1950–1953."
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Iokibe, Makoto, and Takuya Sasaki. "The 1960s: Japan’s Economic Rise and the Maturing of the Partnership." in
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Chai, Sun-Ki. "Entrenching the Yoshida defense doctrine: Three techniques for institutionalization."
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Potter, David M. "Evolution of Japan's Postwar Foreign Policy." Nanzan University, 2008. Web. <
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Potter, David M. "Evolution of Japan's Postwar Foreign Policy." Nanzan University, 2008. Web. <
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was a strategy adopted by Japan after its defeat in 1945 under Prime Minister
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Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan
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Empire and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, 1878-1954
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Edström, Bert. "The International Cold Warrior: Ikeda Hayato." in Edström,
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http://office.nanzan-u.ac.jp/cie/gaiyo/kiyo/pdf_09/kenkyu_03.pdf
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http://office.nanzan-u.ac.jp/cie/gaiyo/kiyo/pdf_09/kenkyu_03.pdf
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Rodan, Garry, Hewison, Kevin and Robison, Richard. (1997).
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The Political Economy of South-East Asia: An Introduction.
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helped draft a new constitution. After some revisions,
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Economic strategy adopted in Japan after World War II
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Sugita, Yoneyuki. "The Yoshida Doctrine as a myth."
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Yoneyuki Sugita, "The Yoshida Doctrine as a myth."
367:(Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore, 2017) pp. 149-169.
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402:http://jch.sagepub.com/content/47/3/551.short
358:(Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1999) pp. 46-56.
272:McGrew, Anthony and Christopher Book. (1998)
308:Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
228:Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
304:Shigeru, Yoshida and Hiroshi Nara. (2007).
224:Shigeru, Yoshida and Hiroshi Nara. (2007).
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356:Japan’s Evolving Foreign Policy Doctrine
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29:security alliance with the United States
164:"Deconstructing the 'Yoshida Doctrine'"
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400:(July 2012), vol. 47, no. 3, 551-571.
168:Japanese Journal of Political Science
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274:Asia-Pacific in the New World Order.
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438:Foreign policy doctrines
306:Shigeru: Last Meiji Man.
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116:Foreign policy doctrine
45:Historical background
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