660:(2010), edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer details the purpose, goals, and tactics of the Young Lords New York chapter. He wrote, "Puerto Ricans have suffered as a group, racially and culturally, not as individuals. Therefore the fight for self determination must be a group struggle." Enck-Wanzer's book details that every Puerto Rican has suffered and felt the pain of their fellow Puerto Rican brothers, sisters, friends, and relatives. His book argues that Puerto Ricans must fight for their nation against American colonialism by organizing and educating in the barrios and raise awareness of the repression since the creation of the Young Lords as a movement in the Lincoln Park neighborhood.
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development, growing pains, and a friendly competition between U.S. cities. The infiltration and divisions created conflict between the chapters and division of the Puerto Rican
Independence Movement. Branches on the east coast were forced to remain affiliated with the New York regional office. Most other chapters remained loyal to the Chicago National Headquarters. The separation was a major blow to the liberation movement in the U.S. The separation occurred in other movements such as the Black Panthers, Students for a Democratic Society, The Young Patriots and the American Indian Movement, as revealed in COINTELPRO documents.
680:. After Washington's victory, Jiménez introduced the mayor to a crowd of 100,000 Puerto Ricans in Humboldt Park in June 1983 where the Young Lords distributed 30,000 buttons inscribed with "Tengo Puerto Rico En Mi Corazon." In the fall of 1995, Jose Cha Cha Jimenez brought together Chicago Young Lords' Tony Baez, Carlos Flores, Angel Del Rivero, Omar López and Angie Lind Adorno to form the Lincoln Park Project to collect the history of the Young Lords movement. They curated the history and documented the displaced Latinos of the Lincoln Park Neighborhood. In support of the Puerto Rican
643:, often as a result of COINTELPRO activities of police infiltration by informants and provocateurs. The Young Lords leaders were framed and discredited by both Mayor Richard J. Daley forces and the FBI. The entire Chicago leadership of the Young Lords was forced underground to reorganize and avoid complete destruction. COINTELPRO tactics used against the movements such as the Young Lords included rumor campaigns and pitting groups against each other to create factionalism, distrust, and personality conflicts. In Chicago, COINTELPRO created an anti-Rainbow Coalition component. The
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began operating free programs for the community. In addition to their support for Puerto Ricos' independence, all Latino nations, and oppressed nations of the world, the Young Lords also supported neighborhood empowerment. The radical movement of the Young Lords modeled themselves after the Black
Panther Party, calling for a vanguard of revolutionary minority parties coming together that felt oppressed by a system that wasn’t designed to be of assistance to minorities.
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began in
Chicago. The National Headquarters in Chicago had gained national prominence by leading protests against conditions faced by Puerto Ricans in the U.S. Because most members in New York were students with a middle-class income, who were media-savvy, the New York chapter flourished. It provided needed support for the National Headquarters then under surveillance by the F.B.I. and the Chicago city government.
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organization. While the Young Lords advocated armed strategies similar to those advocated by the Black
Panthers, the basis was as a right to self-defense. Such self defense was advocated after the shooting of Manuel Ramos, the suspected police involvement in the death of José (Pancho) Lind, the alleged suicide of Julio Roldan while in the custody of the
383:, to join with others to form a broader civil and human rights movement. Puerto Rican self-determination and the displacement of Puerto Ricans and poor residents became the primary issues of organizing. The Young Lords organization also began to train students and youth to take on the leadership to organize the Latino community on a national level.
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We know that washington, wall street and city hall will try to make our nationalism into racism; but Puerto Ricans are of all colors and we resist racism. Millions of poor white people are rising up to demand freedom and we support them. These are the ones in the u.s. that are stepped on by the rules
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On July 27, 1969, the chapter office in New York City mounted a "Garbage
Offensive" to commemorate the 1968 Sanitation Strike and to protest the substandard garbage collection service in East Harlem. The event also promoted the opening of the Young Lords' New York City office. The offensives targeted
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The
National Headquarters' first action was to ransack and close the Department of Urban Renewal office in Chicago. The Young Lords attended an Urban Renewal meeting and told the panel of the local neighborhood association that no more meetings would be permitted in Lincoln Park until people of color
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In 2001, Omar LĂłpez, Minister of
Information of the Young Lords was asked to donate by the Lincoln Park Project archival material that had been used in the Young Lords newspapers. The materials are now curated in DePaul University's Special Collections and Archives Department and a portion digitized
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also monitored the Young Lords
National Headquarters 24 hours a day. Jose Cha Cha Jimenez became a main police target and was indicted 18 times in a six-week period on felony charges including assault and battery on police and creating a mob action. The intent of the police action was to cripple the
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The office in
Chicago attempted to construct a nationwide grassroots movement within the U.S. barrios to unite Puerto Ricans with other Latinos and carry out its mission for Puerto Rican independence. The New York City regional chapter formed July 26, 1969, ten months after the Young Lords Movement
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The platform follows the mission clearly, stating: "We demand immediate withdrawal of U.S. military forces and bases from Puerto Rico, Vietnam, and all oppressed communities inside and outside the U.S. No Puerto Rican should serve in the U.S. Army against his brothers and sisters, for the only true
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and music. Felipe
Luciano, a poet in Harlem's black nationalist circles, became the Deputy Chairman of the New York regional chapter. He was expelled for male chauvinism and opportunism by the Young Lords Party, though the Young Lords National Headquarters never recognized the expulsion. His poems
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take-over that won Lincoln Park residents $ 650,000 for low-income housing, and the four-month People's Park camp-out/take-over at Halsted and Armitage Avenue by 350 community residents that prevented the construction of a for-profit tennis court on land used for low incoming housing. In New York,
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After Jimenez served a year in prison, in 1975 he ran for alderman of the 46th Ward against Mayor Daley's machine candidate. He garnered 39% of the vote against the Democratic candidate, Chris Cohen. The election re-energized the symbolic Rainbow Coalition formed by Black Panthers, Young Patriots,
652:, the fatal stabbings in Chicago of the United Methodist Church Rev. Bruce Johnson and his wife Eugenia, and the murder of Assistant Pastor Sergio Herrera shortly after his transfer to Los Angeles. The Young Lords accused the FBI CointelPro of a conspiracy to murder Young Lords and Black Panthers.
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United Methodist Church in May 1969, the Young Lords set up programs inside what they called the People's Church. The building remained a church but also served as the Young Lords National Headquarters for nearly two years. UMC Bishop Pryor was pressured to oust the two UMC ministers and the Young
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The Young Lords' mission supported self determination for Puerto Rico, Latino nations, all oppressed nations, and also supported neighborhood empowerment. The mission is reflected in the Young Lords logo of a map of Puerto Rico, a brown fist holding a rifle, and the words "Tengo Puerto Rico en mi
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In November 1970, that platform was revised. The revised 5th point called for women's equality and opposed male chauvinism. The revised 6th point focused on community control of institutions and land. The revised 7th point demanded education of the Afro-Indio culture and the Spanish language. The
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By 1973, the Young Lords and its leadership were in disarray. Jose Cha Cha Jimenez along with many central committee members set up an underground training school at a farm near Tomah, Wisconsin. Some members continued independent efforts around self-determination for Puerto Rico and neighborhood
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newspaper. It reported actions for Puerto Rican and Latino self-determination and publicized the increasing repression of Jose "Cha Cha" Jimenez and the Chicago National Headquarters. The New York office followed the actions of the People's Church in Chicago and took over the First Spanish United
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The National Headquarters Young Lords' mission called for self determination for Puerto Rico, all Latino nations, all oppressed nations of the world, and for barrio empowerment. The Young Lords also created a 10-point program modeled after the Black Panthers 10 point program. The New York office
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reorganized them and formed the Young Lords as a national political and civil rights movement. The new community-wide movement then spread to nearly 30 cities, including three branches in New York, which at the time served as the entry point for 90% of Puerto Ricans. In addition, the Young Lords
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The Great Migrations of the late 1940s resulted in many Puerto Ricans coming to the mainland for opportunity and settling in the Midwest, Florida, and on the East Coast of the United States. Chicago, one of the most populated centers of the Puerto Rican diaspora, took on a significant role as a
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By May 1970 due to infiltration by the local Red Squad, the Gang Intelligence Unit, Chicago Patronage Machine and COINTELPRO, the New York regional office broke away from the Young Lords National Headquarters and formed the short lived Young Lords Party. The separation also resulted from rapid
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Multiple chapters formed nationwide based on the original Chicago chapter, including several branches in New York City and along the East Coast. The National Headquarters in Chicago asked the loose coalition of chapters in New York to unite as a single regional branch. All chapters considered
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In New York, the Young Lords followed the lead of Chicago related to city services with the "Garbage Offensive" as a preliminary action. Organizers spent weeks cleaning up garbage in Puerto Rican communities. In need of additional cleaning supplies, they asked the New York City Department of
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In their position paper, the Young Lords asserted that colonized women (Puerto Ricans, blacks, "Third World") were oppressed within society and their homes due to their sex, race/ethnicity, nationality and class. Thus, activism among these women was understood as "the revolution within the
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The Young Lords in New York and Chicago continued to grow in numbers and influence from 1968 to 1983. Jose Cha Cha Jimenez introduced the newly elected African American mayor of Chicago, Harold Washington, to a June crowd of 100,000 Puerto Ricans that the Young Lords helped organize in
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veterans. The New York female leadership advocated for women's rights. In Chicago, women advocacy was led by Hilda Ignatin, Judy Cordero and Angela Adorno, in a subgroup known as Mothers And Others, that also helped to educate the male members and the community at large.
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The Young Lords' focus remains self-determination for Puerto Rico, other Latino and Third World countries, and for neighborhood-controlled development. The movement expanded from Chicago to include a broader audience and chapters in 30 cities, including three branches in
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On September 29, 1969, the church's pastor and his wife, Reverend Bruce and Eugenia Ransier Johnson, were stabbed to death, killed in their home. The case remains open and has yet to be solved. The assistant Pastor, Rev. Sergio Herrera, was transferred soon afterward to
484:, New York City and Chicago. These Puerto Rican mainland communities developed across the U.S. during Operation Bootstrap which gave way to the Great Puerto Rican Migration of the late 1940s and early 1950s. In 1968, branches of the Young Lords sprouted up in Chicago,
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local city services and were aligned with the National Headquarters mission to develop neighborhood empowerment. In Chicago, the Young Lords occupied local institutions in the Lincoln Park neighborhood to support low-income housing for working families.
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The Young Lords carried out many direct-action occupations of vacant land, hospitals, churches and other institutions to demand programs for the poor. The direct actions included a campaign to force New York City to increase garbage pick-up in
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The Young Lords worked in their communities to provide resources, similar to actions of the Brown Berets and the Black Panther Party. A goal was to raise awareness of the oppression and educate on the history and struggle of the Puerto Ricans.
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about the Chicago street that became the downtown for Puerto Ricans and the Young Lords. The song "Qué Bonita Bandera" ("What a Beautiful Flag") was written by Pepe y Flora in Puerto Rico and adopted by the Young Lords as their anthem.
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The Young Lords created community projects similar to those of the Black Panthers, yet centralized around Latinos. The programs included free breakfast for children, the Emeterio Betances free health clinic, community testing for
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wrote and recited his poems "Puerto Rican Obituary" and "Suicide Note of a Cockroach in a Low Income Project" at New York Young Lord events. Alfredo Matias wrote poems about Afro-Boricua pride and David Hernández recited
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campers, the struggle for Puerto Rican independence, and against the displacement of Puerto Ricans in the Diaspora, the Young Lords organized the Lincoln Park Camp near Grand Rapids, Michigan, on September 23, 2002.
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Women in the Young Lords participated in community organizing and wrote newspaper articles against sexism and patriarchy including the "Young Lords Party Position Paper on Women", published in 1970, and included in
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Lords from the People's Church by Alderman George Barr McCutcheon and members of the Lincoln Park Conservation Association. The Court fined the People's Church $ 200 each day the free daycare center remained open.
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as part of DePaul's Digital Collection. In 2012, 120 oral, audio, and visual histories were collected by Jimenez. They are currently online and are housed at Seidman College of Grand Valley State University.
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Corazon" ("I have Puerto Rico in my heart"). The Young Lords envisioned themselves as the vanguard of a people's struggle as they initially fought against the displacement of Puerto Ricans from Lincoln Park.
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formations such as the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Workers Party or provided the leadership of the National Congress for Puerto Rican Rights (NCPRR). Some Young Lords worked in the media, such as
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The Young Lords inspired young community leaders, professionals, and artists, forming part of a Puerto Rican cultural renaissance in the 1970s. In New York City, the renaissance was called the
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550:, the Young Lords also participated in coalitions with groups of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement, Northside Cooperative Ministry and the Lincoln Park Poor People's Coalition.
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The original urban renewal campaign was framed by the Chicago office as the modern day land question inspired by Emiliano Zapata who said, "all revolutions are based on land."
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The New York occupation of First Spanish United Methodist Church in East Harlem took place on December 28, 1969, after several similar actions in Chicago: the sit-in at
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the local health-care activism was carried out with the Health Revolutionary Unity Movement. In Chicago, the Young Lords' health program was coordinated by Jack Johns,
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The Young Lords grew into a national movement under the leadership of Jose Cha Cha Jimenez which also included Angela Lind Adorno, Alberto Chavarria, Marta Chavarria,
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empowerment. In Chicago, the Young Lords resurfaced after two and a half years. The New York Young Lords and other chapters also continued to function.
454:, where he was also murdered. The murders occurred while the two ministers were working with the Young Lords in those cities. That is also a cold case.
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We demand immediate withdrawal of u.s. military forces and bases from Puerto Rico, Vietnam and all oppressed communities inside and outside the u.s.
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Artist Sophia Dawson created "Women of the Young Lords", included in the 2015 Bronx Museum exhibition, ¡Presente! The Young Lords in New York.
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revised 10th point called for freedom for political prisoners. The revised 11th point focused on the group's internationalist perspective.
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The Young Lords started in 1960 in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood as a Puerto Rican turf gang. On Grito de Lares, September 23, 1968,
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revolution." The Young Lords recognized that "Third World women have an integral role to play in the liberation of all oppressed people."
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Besides the coalition with the National Black Panther Party Office in Oakland and the Black Panthers in Chicago, integrated into by the
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Sanitation for assistance and were refused. Disgruntled, the Young Lords blocked 3rd Avenue traffic at 110th, 111th, and 112th Street.
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In 1983, the Young Lords organized the first major Latino event for the successful campaign of Chicago's first African-American mayor,
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protests in Grant Park and the adjacent Lincoln Park Neighborhood, resulted in the Young Lords, under the leadership of founder
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and the government. We each organize our people, but our fights are against the same oppression and we will defeat it together.
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The Puerto Rican nation's diaspora has been divided and has created multiple neighborhoods or barrios in Florida, along the
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program that targeted Puerto Rican independence groups. The New York-Chicago schism mirrored the divisions within other
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Haas, Jeffery " The assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police murdered a Black Panther" | 2009
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Robé, Christopher (Winter 2020). "El Grito de Sunset Park: Cop Watching, Community Organizing, and Video Activism".
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and several Mexican communities being evicted from what became prime real estate areas near the Loop, Lakefront,
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Our Latin Brothers and Sisters, inside and outside the united states, are oppressed by amerikkkan business.
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Lazu, Jacqueline (22 September 2013). "The Chicago Young Lords: (re)constructing knowledge and revolution".
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Young Lords in Lincoln Park - Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives
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in 1996. In 2015, a retrospective "¡Presente! The Young Lords in New York," was held in New York City.
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Civil Rights and Beyond: African American and Latino/a Activism in the Twentieth-century United States
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Jeffries, Judson (2003). "From Gang-Bangers to Urban Revolutionaries: The Young Lords of Chicago".
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Jeffries, Judson (2003). "From Gang-Bangers to Urban Revolutionaries: The Young Lords of Chicago".
1160:"Young Lords celebrate 55 years of Puerto Rican resilience and look to new generation of activists"
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We want self-determination for Puerto Ricans—Liberation on the island and inside the United States.
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Lerner Newspapers Klement, Alice "Young Lords Leader Eying 1975 Aldermanic seat" March 16, 1974
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During Mayor Daley's tenure in Chicago, a program of urban renewal resulted in Puerto Ricans in
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Many books have been published by the Young Lords including in 2010 New York University Press
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organization. The group aimed to fight for neighborhood empowerment and self-determination for
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From Garbage Offensives to Occupying Churches, Actions of the Young Lords Continue to Inspire
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created a 13-point program after they split from Chicago National Headquarters as follows:
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The New York members had first read about the Chicago Young Lords in an issue of the
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edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer with a foreword by former Young Lords Iris Morales and
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Young Lords Newspaper Collection at DePaul University Library - Digital Collections
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neighborhood empowerment and Puerto Rican self-determination as unifying missions.
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In party platform points, the Young Lords may spell "American" as "amerikkkan" or "
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Gonzales, Michael (March 29, 2021). "Rev. of The Young Lords: a radical history".
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We believe armed self-defense and armed struggle are the only means to liberation.
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The Near Northwest Side Story: Migration, Displacement, and Puerto Rican Families
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Buhle, Mari Jo; Buhle, Paul; Georgakas, Dan, eds. (1998). "Young Lords Party".
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We want equality for women. Machismo must be revolutionary ... not oppressive.
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The Young Lords supported freed Puerto Rican nationalist leaders and urban
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Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Faculty Scholarship
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We Took the Streets: Fighting for Latino Rights with the Young Lords.
1781:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 923–924.
1715:"Puerto Rican radical group Young Lords retake NYC in museum exhibit"
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Rainbow Coalition - Grand Valley State University Digital Collection
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Boyer, Brian D. (August 22, 1969). "Gangs Day Care Center to open".
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army of oppressed people is the people's army to fight all rulers."
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Through the Eyes of Rebel Women: The Young Lords : 1969-1976
1081:"The Young Lords: How a street gang turned to community activism"
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Churchill, Ward & Wall, Jim V. "The Cointelpro Papers" 1990
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authored in 2015 characterizes the roots of the local chapter.
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1106:"The Young Lords: The Puerto Rican Activists Who Shook Up NYC"
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Hampton had created an alliance with the Young Lords via the
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DePaul University Special Collections and Archives holdings
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The New York Young Lords and the Struggle for Liberation.
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1265:"13 Point Program and Platform of the Young Lords Party"
1237:"13 Point Program and Platform of the Young Lords Party"
1203:"13 Point Program and Platform of the Young Lords Party"
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The New York Young Lords and the Struggle for Liberation
438:. Later he participated in all the neighborhood events.
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List of Chicago criminal organizations and crime bosses
1808:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
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We want community control of our institutions and land.
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in a raid on Hampton's apartment, on December 4, 1969.
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Young Lords logo on a building wall, December 27, 2003
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970:, had ties to and was influenced by the Young Lords.
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We are revolutionary nationalists and oppose racism.
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Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America.
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1437:"The Young Lords' Legacy of Puerto Rican Activism"
768:We oppose capitalists and alliances with traitors.
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780:We fight anti-Communism with international unity.
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1857:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
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1391:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
1135:Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia
2965:Anti-fascist organizations in the United States
1217:2. We want self-determination for all Latinos.
1158:Robbins, Cary; DePaulia • •, The (2023-10-04).
883:and became a nationwide development including
756:We want liberation for all third world people.
673:Young Lords and other groups and communities.
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765:We want true education of our creole culture.
1922:Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2015.
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774:We want freedom for all political prisoners.
1617:"Young Lords Party Position Paper on Women"
753:We want self-determination for all Latinos.
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2512:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
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1773:New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1971.
924:Palante, Siempre Palante! The Young Lords
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2446:Timeline of organized crime in Chicago
1973:Rev. Bruce and Eugenia Ransier Johnson
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1221:8. We oppose the Amerikkkan military.
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577:, Pablo Yoruba Guzman, Hilda Ignatin,
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1713:Kargbo, Connie (September 19, 2015).
1671:"One Man's Journey To Police Adviser"
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1182:
926:, produced by Iris Morales, aired on
868:
623:The Young Lords were a target of the
1883:
1731:
1129:
1127:
1058:"A Brief History of the Young Lords"
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1915:New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003.
1734:Journal of Cinema and Media Studies
1434:
955:Darrel Wanzer-Serrano's account of
741:13 Point Program of the Young Lords
696:. Other Young Lords members joined
16:Civil and human rights organization
13:
1933:. New York University Press, 2010.
1806:The Young Lords: A Radical History
1763:
1583:Oliver-Velez, Denise, ed. (2010).
1338:. University of California Press.
843:Medical Committee for Human Rights
771:We oppose the amerikkkan military.
372:in Wicker Park and Humboldt Park.
307:, canvassing, community programs,
242:("I have Puerto Rico in my heart")
14:
3026:
2950:Organizations established in 1968
2598:Students for a Democratic Society
1937:
1779:Encyclopedia of the American Left
1133:GarcĂa, Justin D. "Young Lords".
1124:
637:Students for a Democratic Society
2970:Anti-racism in the United States
2572:Up Against the Wall Motherfucker
2532:Maoist Internationalist Movement
1991:
1979:
1967:
1950:
1570:, 8 May 1970, volume 2, number 2
1435:Lee, Jennifer (24 August 2009).
962:The Puerto Rican activist group
794:
23:
2990:Puerto Rican culture in Chicago
2955:1968 establishments in Illinois
2384:Italian-American National Union
1725:
1706:
1681:
1669:Ojito, Mirta (24 August 1997).
1662:
1637:
1609:
1561:
1552:
1529:
1520:
1508:
1499:
1487:
1472:
1382:
1327:
1313:. University of Georgia Press.
1302:
1286:"The impact of The Young Lords"
1278:
1257:
1056:Westcott, Jim (June 20, 2018).
990:Puerto Rican Independence Party
832:, and in Chicago the seven-day
735:
527:The organizations' newspapers,
482:East Coast of the United States
238:Tengo Puerto Rico en mi corazon
34:needs additional citations for
3000:Socialism in the United States
1228:
1195:
1176:
1151:
1139:Gale Virtual Reference Library
1098:
1072:
1049:
1014:
980:1970 Lincoln Hospital takeover
917:
834:McCormick Theological Seminary
1:
2677:Revolutionary Action Movement
1929:Foreword by Iris Morales and
1840:10.1080/17541328.2021.1905939
1494:Collection on the Young Lords
1456:"The Young Lords' Revolution"
1183:Caban, Pedro (January 2005).
1079:Grossman, Ron (8 July 2018).
1043:
618:
251:Politics of the United States
2682:Sojourner Truth Organization
2611:Revolutionary Youth Movement
786:We want a socialist society.
475:
163:September 23, 1968
7:
2582:Young Patriots Organization
1911:Melendez, Miguel "Mickey,"
1804:Fernández, Johanna (2020).
1771:Palante: Young Lords Party.
973:
10:
3031:
2567:Symbionese Liberation Army
2439:
2269:Spanish Gangster Disciples
1927:The Young Lords: A Reader.
1515:Origins of the Young Lords
1454:Morales, Ed (2020-03-24).
1309:Behnken, Brian D. (2016).
939:The Young Lords: A Reader,
888:written while a member of
872:
852:
663:
650:New York Police Department
377:1968 Democratic Convention
339:
334:
2867:
2787:
2711:
2704:
2634:
2596:
2587:Youth International Party
2504:
2495:
2435:
2396:
2366:
2350:
2341:
2311:
2302:
2282:
2221:
2214:
2194:
2163:
2156:
2129:
2105:OutLaw Gangster Disciples
2068:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1949:
1944:
1769:Abramson, Michael et al.
1585:The Young Lords: A Reader
1001:The Young Lords: A Reader
863:
658:The Young Lords: A Reader
604:The Young Lords: A Reader
246:
232:
224:
212:
198:Puerto Rican independence
182:
174:
159:
149:
141:
132:
123:
2995:Puerto Rican nationalism
2642:American Indian Movement
2635:Racial justice movements
1918:Wanzer-Serrano, Darrel.
1826:New York: Penguin, 2001.
1517:, Nationalyounglords.com
1022:Young Lords Organization
1007:
995:Women of the Young Lords
855:Women of the Young Lords
848:
726:Miguel "Mickey" Meléndez
2985:Hispanic-American gangs
2980:Former gangs in Chicago
2626:Worker Student Alliance
2547:Progressive Labor Party
2542:Peace and Freedom Party
2398:Outlaw motorcycle gangs
1648:. Red Sugarcane Press.
1624:interferencearchive.org
1537:"Young Lords: A Reader"
964:El Grito de Sunset Park
214:Political position
204:Revolutionary socialism
2537:New Communist movement
2527:George Jackson Brigade
2254:Maniac Latin Disciples
2011:nationalyounglords.com
1925:Wanzer, Darrel Enck-.
1644:Morales, Iris (2016).
613:Humboldt Park, Chicago
276:
228:Black, gold and purple
154:Jose "Cha-Cha" Jimenez
2652:Black Liberation Army
2647:Antonio Maceo Brigade
2606:New American Movement
1267:. 2.iath.virginia.edu
720:at WCBS-TV New York,
718:Pablo "Yoruba" Guzmán
593:, and Juan Fi Ortiz.
370:Division Street Riots
274:
2577:United Freedom Front
2522:Free Speech Movement
2095:Four Corner Hustlers
1962:, September 23, 2015
1746:10.1353/cj.2020.0003
1334:Perez, Gina (2004).
985:Jose Cha Cha Jimenez
510:Hayward (California)
411:Methodist Church in
381:José Cha Cha Jiménez
346:Jose Cha Cha Jimenez
43:improve this article
3005:Latino street gangs
2687:White Panther Party
2662:Black Panther Party
2621:Weather Underground
1997:Young Lords Origins
1931:Denise Oliver-Velez
1241:2.iath.virginia.edu
1207:2.iath.virginia.edu
943:Denise Oliver-VĂ©lez
707:New York Daily News
692:groups such as the
436:Pedro Albizu Campos
2960:COINTELPRO targets
2890:Liberated Barracks
2616:Venceremos Brigade
2379:Genna crime family
2100:Gangster Disciples
2013:- Archived website
1675:The New York Times
1085:Chicagotribune.com
1020:Also known as the
881:Nuyorican Movement
875:Nuyorican Movement
869:Cultural influence
428:Rev. Bruce Johnson
424:McCormick Seminary
277:
2932:
2931:
2897:National Guardian
2863:
2862:
2719:Theodor W. Adorno
2700:
2699:
2552:Rainbow Coalition
2496:Organizations and
2489:American New Left
2455:
2454:
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2430:
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2391:
2337:
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2298:
2297:
2210:
2209:
2186:Simon City Royals
2157:European-American
2152:
2151:
2125:
2124:
2002:
2001:
1815:978-1-4696-5344-0
1788:978-0-19-512088-2
1693:Poetry Foundation
1655:978-0-9968276-1-4
1599:Project MUSE
1594:978-0-8147-2293-0
1481:Chicago Sun Times
1345:978-0-520-93641-6
1320:978-0-8203-4916-9
1112:. 6 February 2020
1030:Young Lords Party
678:Harold Washington
544:Rainbow Coalition
459:Rainbow Coalition
269:
268:
256:Political parties
119:
118:
111:
93:
3022:
2810:Bernardine Dohrn
2769:Erik Olin Wright
2764:Raymond Williams
2709:
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2657:Black Liberators
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1985:Lords and Eagles
1983:
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966:, co-founded by
922:The documentary
898:Un Rifle OraciĂłn
573:, Judy Cordero,
200:
192:Marxism–Leninism
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2754:C. Wright Mills
2749:Herbert Marcuse
2724:Murray Bookchin
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2090:Black P. Stones
2085:Black Disciples
2064:
2058:Organized crime
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1945:External videos
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2358:Chicago Outfit
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1863:(3): 288–304.
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722:Felipe Luciano
713:Democracy Now!
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529:The Young Lord
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58:"Young Lords"
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32:This article
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2903:The Newsreel
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2868:Publications
2795:Saul Alinsky
2739:Paul Goodman
2729:Noam Chomsky
2691:
2667:Brown Berets
2413:Hells Angels
2289:
2244:Latin Eagles
2239:Latin Counts
1959:
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1892:(2): 28–60.
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1695:. 2018-02-10
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1185:"Cointelpro"
1178:
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591:Richie Perez
587:David Rivera
579:Maria Romero
571:Iris Morales
555:Andres Nunez
552:
548:Fred Hampton
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293:civil rights
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142:Abbreviation
105:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2945:Young Lords
2855:Bobby Seale
2850:Jerry Rubin
2835:John Jacobs
2800:Bob Avakian
2759:Ho Chi Minh
2744:Che Guevara
2734:Erich Fromm
2692:Young Lords
2589:("Yippies")
2329:Valley Gang
2290:Young Lords
2249:Latin Kings
1832:The Sixties
1374:18 November
1290:www.msn.com
1164:NBC Chicago
1116:18 November
1090:18 November
918:Remembrance
911:La Armitage
904:. The poet
821:Vietnam War
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494:Connecticut
452:Los Angeles
432:Che Guevara
413:East Harlem
328:Puerto Rico
309:occupations
301:Puerto Rico
289:street gang
281:Young Lords
126:Young Lords
2939:Categories
2825:Tom Hayden
2805:Bill Ayers
2779:Mao Zedong
2712:Influences
2672:I Wor Kuen
2440:See also:
2176:Polish Mob
2117:Vice Lords
2060:groups in
1905:1471055003
1898:A355248613
1699:2018-02-11
1545:2019-11-05
1465:2020-07-31
1460:The Nation
1295:2024-06-11
1271:2019-06-05
1246:2020-08-05
1212:2020-08-05
1169:2024-06-11
1044:References
694:Macheteros
629:COINTELPRO
619:Repression
583:Omar Lopez
559:Edwin Diaz
498:New Jersey
470:Mark Clark
324:Amerikkkan
317:COINTELPRO
167:1968-09-23
69:newspapers
2788:Activists
2774:Malcolm X
2498:movements
1877:232489914
1848:233631692
1797:883502878
1754:214194508
1441:City Room
1419:232489914
1411:141526982
1234:Compare:
1062:ThoughtCo
690:guerrilla
645:Red Squad
514:San Diego
506:Milwaukee
476:Expansion
319:program.
261:Elections
175:Dissolved
2916:Ramparts
2820:Ted Gold
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2283:Inactive
2215:Hispanic
2202:Jousters
2195:Inactive
2171:Gaylords
2144:TAP Boyz
2137:Inactive
1901:ProQuest
1873:ProQuest
1869:40193998
1415:ProQuest
1403:40193998
1369:Gvsu.edu
1066:Archived
974:See also
947:Pa'lante
633:New Left
537:Pa'lante
486:New York
366:Old Town
219:Far-left
184:Ideology
2883:Dissent
2517:Diggers
2505:General
2423:Outlaws
2062:Chicago
1719:Pbs.org
1629:23 July
1568:Palante
902:Hey Now
704:of the
682:Vieques
664:Decline
533:Pitirre
340:Origins
335:History
287:-based
285:Chicago
165: (
160:Founded
150:Founder
145:YLO/YLP
83:scholar
2705:People
2406:Active
2351:Active
2222:Active
2164:Active
2078:Active
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1896:
1886:CENTRO
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894:JĂbaro
885:poetry
864:Legacy
698:Maoist
535:, and
520:, and
502:Boston
283:was a
233:Slogan
225:Colors
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2923:Telos
2562:SLATE
2181:Popes
1865:JSTOR
1844:S2CID
1750:S2CID
1620:(PDF)
1540:(PDF)
1407:S2CID
1399:JSTOR
1191:(18).
1008:Notes
849:Women
90:JSTOR
76:books
2444:and
1894:Gale
1810:ISBN
1793:OCLC
1783:ISBN
1650:ISBN
1631:2019
1589:ISBN
1376:2021
1340:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1143:Gale
1118:2021
1092:2021
900:and
815:and
730:WBAI
724:and
710:and
639:and
468:and
434:and
375:The
295:and
279:The
178:1976
62:news
1836:doi
1742:doi
1034:YLP
1026:YLO
928:PBS
728:of
627:'s
625:FBI
546:of
315:'s
313:FBI
45:by
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