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719:. Yuan as an agricultural scientist could do little to greatly help people around him in Hunan province. "There was nothing in the field because hungry people took away all the edible things they can find. They eat grass, seeds, fern roots, or even white clay at the very extreme." He remembered the sight of those who had starved to death all his life. Yuan considered applying the inheritance rules onto sweet potatoes and wheat since their fast rate of growth made them the practical solutions for the famine. However, he realized that in Southern China sweet potato was never a part of the daily diet and wheat didn't grow well in that area. Therefore, he turned his mind to rice.
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practical on a large scale. It was thus difficult to produce hybrid rice in large quantities. In 1961 he spotted a seed-head of wild hybrid rice. By 1964, Yuan hypothesized that naturally-mutated male-sterile rice could exist and could be used for the creation of new hybrid rice varieties. He and a student spent the summer searching for male sterile rice plants. Two years later he reported in a scientific publication that he had found a few individuals of male-sterile rice with potential for production of hybrid rice. Subsequent experiments proved his original hypothesis feasible, which proved to be his most important contribution to hybrid rice.
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life in the 1960s while Bao was imprisoned. In 1962, Yuan visited Bao to discuss
Mendelian genetics, and Bao gave him access to up-to-date foreign scientific literature. In 1966 Yuan himself was named as a counter-revolutionary and there were plans to imprison him. However, a letter of support for Yuan and his work was received based on his publication about male-sterile rice, sent from Nie Rongzhen, director of the National Science and Technology Commission. As a result, Yuan was allowed to continue his research and provided with both research assistants and financial support by the Hunan Provincial Party Committee leader
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739:'s book Principles of Genetics, it clearly states that self-pollinating plants, like wheat and rice, have experienced long-term selection both by nature and by humans. Therefore, traits that were inferior were all excluded, and the remaining traits were all superior. He speculated that there would be no advantage in crossbreeding rice, and that the nature of self-pollination makes it hard to do cross breed experiments on rice on a large scale.
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735:. In the 1950s, geneticist J. C. Stephens and a few others hybridized two sorghum varieties found in Africa to create high-yielding offspring. Those results were inspiring for Yuan. However, maize and sorghum reproduce mainly through cross-pollination, while rice is a self-pollinating plant, which would make any crossbreeding attempts difficult, for obvious reasons. In
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growing wild in the countryside. In 1970, beside a railway line in Hainan, he and his team found a particularly important wild variety. Using this one within a breeding programme resulted in varieties with yields improved by 20 - 30% in the late 1970s. For this achievement, Yuan
Longping was dubbed the "Father of Hybrid Rice."
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is equivalent to the annual total grain production of a medium-sized province. Due to the great success of hybrid rice, he has won eight international awards, including the only
National Special Invention Award and the UNESCO "Science Award", and is known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice" internationally.
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Yuan was both professionally and personally interested in rice production. He spent a majority of his time in the field, rather than staying confined in a lab or publishing papers. As such, he played a large role in
Chinese agriculture by mentoring and leading others in the field, which helped foster
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part did not grow sweet potatoes. He continued with similar grafting experiments on other plants, but none of the plants produced offspring with any mixtures of the beneficial traits grafted into their parents. This was in contradiction to the expectations of
Michurin's theory. Yuan concluded, "I had
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which stated that organisms would change over the course of their lives to adapt to environmental changes they experienced and their offspring would then inherit the changes. At the time, the
Chinese government's official stance on scientific theories was one of "leaning towards the Soviet side", and
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At present, the annual planting area of hybrid rice in China is about 230 million acres, accounting for 50% of the total rice planting area, and the output accounts for 57% of the total rice production. This increases the country's grain production by more than 20 billion kilograms every year, which
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Yuan went on to solve more problems over the next decades to achieve higher yielding hybrid rice. This took more than a decade. The first experimental hybrid rice did not show any significant advantage over commonly grown varieties, so Yuan suggested crossbreeding cultivated rice varieties with ones
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Yuan advocated for sharing the success of his breakthroughs with other nations. He and his team donated crucial rice strains to the
International Rice Research Institute in 1980. These donated strains were used to create hybrid rice strains that could sustain and grow in tropical countries to help
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Yuan was taught and mentored by some biologists who followed the ideas of Gregor Mendel and Thomas Hunt Morgan. These included Guan
Xianghuan at Southwest Agricultural College and, later, Bao Wenkui at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Beijing. Both were persecuted. Guan took his own
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Yuan began his teaching career at the
Anjiang Agricultural School, Hunan Province. In the 1960s he had the idea of hybridizing rice to increase its yield after reading of similar research that was underway successfully in maize and sorghum. Undertaking this hybridization was important because the
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The biggest problem was that rice is a self-pollinating plant. Hybridization requires separate male and female plants as parents. The small rice flowers contain both male and female parts. Although the male parts can be removed, carefully, by hand (to produce female-only flowers), this is not
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any ideology from the Soviet Union was deemed to be the only truth while everything else would be seen as being invalid. Yuan, as an agricultural student at
Southwest University, remained skeptical on both theories and started his own experiments to try and come up with his own conclusions.
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grow Yuan Longping's hybrid rice and these hybrid rice paddies yield 60 percent of the total rice production in China. China's total rice output rose from 56.9 million tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons in 2017. The annual yield increase is enough to feed 70 million additional people.
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learned some background of Mendel and Morgan's theory, and I knew from journal papers that it was proven by experiments and real agricultural applications, such as seedless watermelon. I desired to read more and learn more, but I can only do it secretly."
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The "Super Rice" Yuan worked on improving showed a 30 percent higher yield, compared to common rice, with a record yield of 17,055 kilograms per hectare being registered in Yongsheng County in Yunnan Province in 1999.
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grafts. However, when he planted seeds from these grafted sweet potatoes for a second generation, the tubers were normal sized from seeds of the sweet potato part of the plant, while seeds from the
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experimented with hybrid maize. He observed that inbreeding reduced vigor and yield among the offspring but crossbreeding did the opposite. Those experiments proved the concept of
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698:(a plant with high photosynthesis rate and high efficiency in starch production) onto sweet potatoes. These plants grew substantially larger tubers than those of plants without
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Hybrid rice has since been grown in dozens of countries in Africa, America, and Asia—boosting food security and providing a robust food source in areas with a high risk of
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In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States, making it the first case of intellectual property rights transfer in the history of the
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their food supply chains. In addition to donating important rice strains, Yuan and his team taught farmers in other countries to grow and cultivate hybrid rice.
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1991 statistics show that 20 percent of the world's rice output came from 10 percent of the world's rice fields that grow hybrid rice.
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1844:[Yuan Longping health care doctor: Mr. Yuan fell in the research base and is being treated in the hospital].
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487:; September 7, 1930 – May 22, 2021) was a Chinese agronomist and inventor. He was a member of the
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on September 7, 1930 to Yuan Xinglie and Hua Jing. He was the second of six siblings. His ancestral home is in
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942:) at the age of 90. Considered a national hero, tens of thousands of people sent flowers to the funeral home.
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He was the Director-General of the China National Hybrid Rice R&D Center and appointed Professor at
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For the rest of his life Yuan devoted himself to the research and development of better rice varieties.
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As recently as the 1950s, two separate theories of heredity were taught in China. One theory was from
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and was based on the concept of genes and alleles. The other theory was from Soviet Union scientists
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Wang, Ling (March 1, 2015). "Yuan Longping: hybrid rice is on the way to fulfilling its potential".
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would be the future direction of food and that he had been working on genetic modification of rice.
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Members of the Standing Committee of the 12th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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Members of the Standing Committee of the 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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Members of the Standing Committee of the 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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People came to the Changsha Mingyangshan Funeral Parlour to mourn Yuan Longping, on 23 May 2021.
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Members of the Standing Committee of the 9th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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Members of the Standing Committee of the 8th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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Members of the Standing Committee of the 7th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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Members of the Standing Committee of the 6th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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Flowers as well as rice given by the public outside Xiangya Hospital after the death of Yuan.
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and others. Yuan did not join the Communist Party during the Cultural Revolution or later.
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first generation of hybrids is typically more vigorous and productive than either parent.
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Center for Agriculture and Rural Development Mutually Reinforcing Institutions (CARD MRI)
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in agriculture. For his contributions, Yuan is known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice".
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1966:. Translated by Zhao, Kuangli; Zhao, Baohua. Nottingham: Aurora Publishing LLC Ltd.
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1295:"Yuan Longping (1930–2021) Crop scientist whose high-yield hybrid rice fed billions"
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Four asteroids and a college in China have been named after him. The minor planet
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On March 10, 2021, Yuan Longping collapsed at his hybrid rice research base in
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Red Revolution, Green Revolution : Scientific Farming in Socialist China
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1877:"UPDATE 1-Yuan Longping, China's father of hybrid rice, dies at 91 - Xinhua"
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The man who puts an end to hunger: Yuan Longping, "Father of Hybrid Rice"
1923:] (1 ed.). Zhangsha: Hunan literature and Art Publishing House.
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Yuan's first experiments, before he became focused on rice, were on the
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Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts (1958–2008)
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globalreach.com, Global Reach Internet Productions, LLC - Ames, IA -.
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1498:"Hybrid-rice pioneer Yuan Longping backs genetically modified foods"
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1198:"Yuan Longping, Plant Scientist Who Helped Curb Famine, Dies at 90"
966:"Yuan Longping, Plant Scientist Who Helped Curb Famine, Dies at 90"
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2019:
Yuan Longping -- Remembrance by Chen Lei, Translation by Rainy Liu
1369:"A preliminary report on male sterility on rice (Oryza sativa L.)"
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1571:"Cytoplasmic Male-Sterility For Hybrid Sorghum Seed Production 1"
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1350:"Rao Yi: The significance of Yuan Longping's paper 55 years ago"
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1102:"A World-Brand Name: Yuan Longping, The Father of Hybrid Rice"
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Yan, Zhang; Sun, Yilei (May 22, 2021). Feast, Lincoln (ed.).
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789:. The award was presented by Malaysian former Prime Minister
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At present, as much as 50 percent of China's total number of
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1707:"Father of hybrid rice honoured with Mahathir science award"
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https://www.shobserver.com/staticsg/wap/newsDetail?id=361144
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Alternative Indigenous Development Foundation, Inc. (AIDFI)
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1158:"Yuan Longping, father of hybrid rice, dies aged 91 - RTHK"
1778:"China Mourns Death of Man Who Saved Millions From Hunger"
1757:
1061:"China's 'father of hybrid rice' Yuan Longping dies at 90"
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1222:
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for treatment. At 13:07 on May 22, Yuan Longping died of
852:) in 1964. They had three sons, among them Yuan Ding'an (
1420:. Vol. 439 Number 9247. May 29, 2021. p. 86.
1253:(in Chinese (China)). November 14, 2010. Archived from
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
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1569:Stephens, J. C.; Holland, R. F. (January 1, 1954).
689:) and watermelons. Following Michurin's theory, he
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High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University
2517:
4148:Peace and International Understanding (1958–2008)
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1028:["Father of hybrid rice" Yuan Longping].
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1944:. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press.
1520:
1196:Bradsher, Keith; Buckley, Chris (May 23, 2021).
964:Bradsher, Keith; Buckley, Chris (May 23, 2021).
760:United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
636:In January 2014, Yuan said in an interview that
5520:Recipients of the Order of the Republic (China)
5450:Academic staff of Hunan Agricultural University
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4386:International Institute of Rural Reconstruction
4094:
1735:"China Vitae : Biography of Yuan Longping"
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785:For his achievement, Yuan was awarded the 2011
608:. Yuan is in the back row, third from the left.
3653:Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation
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1956:Ch. 3 "Yuan Longping: 'Intellectual Peasant'."
1391:
5475:Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
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798:State Preeminent Science and Technology Award
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320:State Preeminent Science and Technology Award
5550:Highest Science and Technology Award winners
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1130:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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927:Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
834:Yuan worked as the chief consultant for the
748:future achievements in Chinese agriculture.
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1689:"Yuan Longping gets Mahathir Science Award"
1546:. United States Department of Agriculture.
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846:Yuan married one of his students, Deng Ze (
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1991:. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. 2007.
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1587:10.2134/agronj1954.00021962004600010006x
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123:Member of the Standing Committee of the
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1717:from the original on September 5, 2023.
1651:from the original on September 25, 2023
1641:"袁隆平：依靠科學技術進步就能養活中國--中國共產黨新聞--中國共產黨新聞網"
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644:Early stages of hybrid rice experiments
546:Province in Southern China. During the
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2013:Yuan Longping -- Father of Hybrid Rice
1874:
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1112:from the original on December 12, 2021
1036:from the original on September 9, 2020
439:
129:(6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th)
73:Vice Chairman of the Hunan Provincial
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875:Activities in memory of Yuan Longping
524:Peking Union Medical College Hospital
194:Peking Union Medical College Hospital
5209:Highest Science and Technology Award
1911:
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913:. On April 7, he was transferred to
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495:varieties in the 1970s, part of the
92:January 1988 – January 2016
5545:Wolf Prize in Agriculture laureates
1963:ORAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF YUAN LONGPING
1960:Yuan, Longping; Xin, Yeyun (2014).
1550:from the original on March 25, 2023
996:"Dr. Monty Jones and Yuan Longping"
13:
5465:Deaths from multiple organ failure
5455:Agriculture and food award winners
1981:
1820:from the original on April 7, 2014
1721:
1613:
1436:
1424:from the original on June 24, 2021
1373:Science Bulletin (English Version)
1292:
1057:
1006:from the original on June 25, 2020
14:
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2006:
1889:from the original on May 23, 2021
1856:from the original on May 22, 2021
1788:from the original on June 9, 2021
1732:
1210:from the original on May 26, 2021
1168:from the original on May 22, 2021
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1074:from the original on May 22, 2021
976:from the original on May 26, 2021
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5540:Winners of the Nikkei Asia Prize
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5017:
4981:
4937:
4908:
4875:
4821:
4806:
4778:
4752:
4726:
4698:
4667:
4624:
4596:
4568:
4540:
4489:
4474:
4441:
4412:
4351:
4323:
4295:
4254:
4226:
4188:
4160:
4111:
4096:
4068:
3997:
3969:
3930:
3899:
3861:
3828:
3813:
3785:
3752:
3701:
3667:
3636:
3608:
3580:
3552:
3524:
3451:
3423:
3372:
3360:Community Leadership (1958–2008)
3282:
3256:
3241:
3210:
3177:
3149:
3118:
3070:
3029:
3003:
2975:
2916:
2863:
2835:
2776:
2743:
2710:
2684:
2648:
2617:
2584:
2556:
2530:
1508:from the original on May 2, 2018
1155:
895:
881:
841:
823:, foreign associate of the U.S.
742:
80:(6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th)
48:
4371:Summer Institute of Linguistics
2446:Martinus Theodore van Genuchten
1905:
1868:
1832:
1800:
1769:
1699:
1681:
1663:
1633:
1562:
1532:
1490:
1347:
1237:
491:known for developing the first
249:
141:June 1983 – March 2018
5535:UNESCO Science Prize laureates
5445:20th-century Chinese inventors
2727:Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim
2518:Government Service (1958–2008)
1671:"8117 Yuanlongping (1996 SD1)"
1367:Yuan, L. P. (April 15, 1966).
1149:
1138:
1058:Ma, Josephine (May 22, 2021).
1018:
988:
957:
821:Chinese Academy of Engineering
715:In 1959 China experienced the
575:Southwest Agricultural College
489:Chinese Academy of Engineering
483:
438:
424:
410:
380:
366:
284:Southwest Agricultural College
16:Chinese agronomist (1930–2021)
1:
5515:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners
4458:Asian Institute of Technology
4396:Asian Institute of Management
2200:Ernest John Christopher Polge
1776:Cang, Alfred (May 22, 2021).
1623:Sinnott, Edmund Ware (1950).
945:
813:Hunan Agricultural University
950:
825:National Academy of Sciences
722:
7:
5530:Southwest University alumni
5096:Ma. Victoria Carpio-Bernido
4528:Emergent Leadership (2001–)
1841:袁隆平保健医生：袁老系在研究基地摔了一跤，正在医院治疗
663:Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin
648:
10:
5566:
3483:Pandurang Shastri Athavale
2963:Public Service (1958–2008)
1938:Schmalzer, Sigrid (2016).
1921:The World of Yuan Longping
1311:10.1038/d41586-021-01732-2
782:was also named after him.
753:People's Republic of China
231:People's Republic of China
20:
5216:
5139:
5111:
5071:
5043:
5014:
4978:
4934:
4905:
4872:
4868:
4854:
4803:
4775:
4749:
4723:
4695:
4664:
4621:
4593:
4565:
4537:
4533:
4522:
4471:
4438:
4409:
4348:
4320:
4292:
4251:
4223:
4185:
4157:
4153:
4142:
4093:
4065:
3994:
3966:
3927:
3896:
3858:
3810:
3782:
3749:
3745:
3734:
3698:
3664:
3633:
3605:
3577:
3549:
3521:
3448:
3420:
3369:
3365:
3354:
3279:
3238:
3207:
3174:
3146:
3115:
3067:
3026:
3000:
2972:
2968:
2957:
2913:
2860:
2832:
2773:
2740:
2707:
2681:
2645:
2614:
2581:
2553:
2527:
2523:
2512:
2426:
2355:
2284:
2219:
2130:
2099:
2093:Wolf Prize in Agriculture
2049:
2040:
2032:
2027:
1914:Yuǎn lóng píng de shì jiè
1675:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1468:10.1007/s11434-015-0755-6
938:
819:. He was a member of the
802:Wolf Prize in Agriculture
727:Back in 1906, geneticist
710:
638:genetically modified food
604:Yuan Longping in 1953 in
584:
512:Wolf Prize in Agriculture
474:
460:
456:
452:
431:
417:
403:
396:
391:
387:
373:
359:
354:
350:
346:
325:Wolf Prize in Agriculture
315:
305:
297:
289:
277:
267:
259:
236:
211:
180:
175:
171:
145:
134:
122:
96:
85:
72:
68:
56:
47:
40:
4391:Press Foundation of Asia
3317:Prateep Ungsongtham Hata
2819:Miriam Defensor Santiago
1916:
1845:
1840:
1808:
1502:South China Morning Post
1414:"Obituary Yuan Longping"
1067:South China Morning Post
1030:China Central Television
867:
548:Second Sino-Japanese War
518:Early life and education
375:Traditional Chinese
5525:Scientists from Beijing
4683:Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto
3915:Atmakusuma Astraatmadja
3802:Edward Michael Law-Yone
1293:Wu, Shellen X. (2021).
361:Simplified Chinese
4795:Aniceto Guterres Lopes
3845:Wannakuwatta Amaradeva
2795:Francisca Reyes-Aquino
1626:Principles of genetics
1106:www.worldfoodprize.org
923:multiple organ failure
858:) and Yuan Dingjiang (
800:of China in 2000, the
787:Mahathir Science Award
617:
609:
4367:Operation Brotherhood
4127:Robert McCulloch Dick
4052:Eugenia Duran Apostol
3467:Mandakini Amte &
3092:Banoo Jehangir Coyaji
2503:Ramon Magsaysay Award
2460:Venkatesan Sundaresan
1912:Chen, Qi Wen (2016).
1713:. February 29, 2012.
1693:www.chinadaily.com.cn
729:George Harrison Shull
616:Yuan Longping in 1962
615:
603:
340:Order of the Republic
335:Confucius Peace Prize
63:Yuan Longping in 2019
4243:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
2792:Jose Vasquez Aguilar
2456:Elliot M. Meyerowitz
2332:Michel A. J. Georges
2275:Baldur R. Stefansson
2227:Jozef Stefaan Schell
2168:Cornellis T. de Witt
2053:Modadugu Vijay Gupta
1809:袁隆平的神坛与江湖 送儿子去港专攻转基因
717:Great Chinese Famine
606:Southwest University
579:Southwest University
5460:Chinese agronomists
5093:Christopher Bernido
4892:Syeda Rizwana Hasan
4506:Genevieve Caulfield
4215:Laxminarayan Ramdas
4085:Prayoon Chanyavongs
3774:Abdullah Abu Sayeed
3488:Chandi Prasad Bhatt
3404:Zafrullah Chowdhury
3389:Tahrunessa Abdullah
3327:Sithiporn Kridakara
3102:Jayaprakash Narayan
1816:. January 7, 2014.
1764:Yuan & Xin 2014
1695:. February 1, 2012.
1460:2015SciBu..60..657W
1232:Yuan & Xin 2014
737:Edmund Ware Sinnott
4300:
4039:Bienvenido Lumbera
3974:
3888:Amitabha Chowdhury
3687:Krasae Chanawongse
3613:
3597:Tunku Abdul Rahman
3335:Therdchai Jivacate
3272:Joaquin Villalonga
2799:Hilario Davide Jr.
2760:Akhtar Hameed Khan
2665:Morihiko Hiramatsu
2342:James H. Tumlinson
2328:Ronald L. Phillips
2322:Steven D. Tanksley
2308:R. Michael Roberts
2259:Frank J. Stevenson
2158:Wendell L. Roelofs
2152:Glenn W. Salisbury
1739:www.chinavitae.com
1711:Borneo Post Online
1203:The New York Times
1026:"CCTV-"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平"
970:The New York Times
659:Thomas Hunt Morgan
618:
610:
573:He graduated from
221:Xiangya Hospital,
5422:
5421:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5159:Krisana Kraisintu
5104:Antonio Oposa Jr.
4897:A.H.M. Noman Khan
4850:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4768:Ananda Galappatti
4715:Benjamin Abadiano
4641:Sanjiv Chaturvedi
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4463:The Royal Project
4381:Harold Ray Watson
4376:William Masterson
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
3883:Palagummi Sainath
3730:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3691:Prayong Ronnarong
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3339:Thongbai Thongpao
3304:Mechai Viravaidya
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2885:Chamlong Srimuang
2880:Anand Panyarachun
2814:Jovito R. Salonga
2469:
2468:
2190:Theodor O. Diener
2117:Jay Laurence Lush
2107:George F. Sprague
2091:Laureates of the
2059:
2058:
2050:Succeeded by
2036:Catherine Bertini
1850:Hunan Red Network
1645:cpc.people.com.cn
1601:on April 14, 2018
780:8117 Yuanlongping
774:Honors and awards
552:Chinese Civil War
522:Yuan was born at
464:
463:
448:
447:
398:Standard Mandarin
206:Republic of China
191:September 7, 1930
5557:
5355:
5258:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5179:
5178:
5152:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5084:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5056:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5027:
5023:
5021:
5020:
4997:Kulandei Francis
4991:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4885:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4870:
4869:
4856:
4855:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4788:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4762:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4535:
4534:
4524:
4523:
4499:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4484:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4451:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4422:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4340:Ibn Abdur Rehman
4333:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4170:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4155:
4154:
4144:
4143:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4078:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4007:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3979:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3955:Michiko Ishimure
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3762:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3747:
3746:
3736:
3735:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3569:Sombath Somphone
3562:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3478:Rajanikant Arole
3461:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3394:Fazle Hasan Abed
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3331:Sophon Suphapong
3292:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2959:
2958:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2895:Phon Sangsingkeo
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2765:Ibn Abdur Rehman
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2513:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2440:Pamela C. Ronald
2411:Gene E. Robinson
2255:Morris Schnitzer
2245:Carl B. Huffaker
2196:Charles Thibault
2174:Robert H. Burris
2144:John O. Almquist
2138:Karl Maramorosch
2085:
2078:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2043:World Food Prize
2033:Preceded by
2028:Honorary titles
2025:
2024:
2002:
1977:
1955:
1934:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1741:. Archived from
1730:
1719:
1718:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1597:. Archived from
1575:Agronomy Journal
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1544:www.ars.usda.gov
1540:"Improving Corn"
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1448:Science Bulletin
1443:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1410:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1345:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1290:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1193:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1097:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1063:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1000:World Food Prize
992:
986:
985:
983:
981:
961:
941:
940:
935:
899:
885:
863:
862:
857:
856:
851:
850:
806:World Food Prize
791:Mahathir Mohamad
508:World Food Prize
497:Green Revolution
485:
476:
444:
443:
442:
427:
426:
413:
412:
389:
388:
383:
382:
369:
368:
330:World Food Prize
253:
251:
218:
190:
188:
176:Personal details
139:
130:
90:
81:
61:
51:
38:
37:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5353:
5289:Wang Zhongcheng
5256:
5212:
5206:
5176:
5163:
5143:
5141:
5135:
5115:
5113:
5107:
5075:
5073:
5067:
5063:Tadatoshi Akiba
5047:
5045:
5039:
5033:Hasanain Juaini
5018:
5016:
5010:
4982:
4980:
4974:
4938:
4936:
4930:
4924:Yang Saing Koma
4909:
4907:
4901:
4876:
4874:
4864:
4842:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4807:
4805:
4799:
4779:
4777:
4771:
4753:
4751:
4745:
4727:
4725:
4719:
4699:
4697:
4691:
4687:Dita Indah Sari
4668:
4666:
4660:
4646:Arvind Kejriwal
4625:
4623:
4617:
4597:
4595:
4589:
4585:Chen Guangcheng
4569:
4567:
4561:
4541:
4539:
4529:
4510:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4467:
4442:
4440:
4434:
4413:
4411:
4405:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4210:Jockin Arputham
4189:
4187:
4181:
4161:
4159:
4149:
4130:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4014:Zacarias Sarian
3998:
3996:
3990:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3951:Yasuji Hanamori
3931:
3929:
3923:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3850:Tarzie Vittachi
3829:
3827:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3806:
3786:
3784:
3778:
3753:
3751:
3741:
3722:
3718:14th Dalai Lama
3702:
3700:
3694:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3541:Fusaye Ichikawa
3525:
3523:
3517:
3452:
3450:
3444:
3424:
3422:
3416:
3408:Mohammed Yeasin
3373:
3371:
3361:
3342:
3309:Nilawan Pintong
3283:
3281:
3275:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2976:
2974:
2964:
2945:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2864:
2862:
2856:
2836:
2834:
2828:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2744:
2742:
2736:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2531:
2529:
2519:
2508:
2500:
2470:
2465:
2422:
2417:David Zilberman
2389:Jorge Dubcovsky
2379:Joachim Messing
2363:David Baulcombe
2351:
2338:John A. Pickett
2312:Fuller W. Bazer
2302:James E. Womack
2298:Roger N. Beachy
2280:
2215:
2210:Michael Elliott
2184:Ernest R. Sears
2126:
2121:Kenneth Blaxter
2095:
2089:
2055:
2046:
2038:
2009:
1999:
1987:
1984:
1982:Further reading
1974:
1952:
1931:
1918:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1731:
1722:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1687:
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1257:on May 22, 2021
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827:(2006) and the
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2007:External links
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1929:
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1904:
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1900:
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1812:(in Chinese).
1799:
1768:
1756:
1745:on May 1, 2018
1733:Vitae, China.
1720:
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1632:
1629:. McGraw-Hill.
1612:
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1489:
1454:(6): 657–660.
1435:
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1156:Kemp, Robert.
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919:Hunan Province
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667:Trofim Lysenko
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5248:Liu Dongsheng
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5222:Yuan Longping
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5100:Romulo Davide
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4861:Uncategorized
4857:
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4814:United States
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4613:Oung Chanthol
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4482:United States
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4309:
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4271:Ikuo Hirayama
4269:
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4250:
4244:
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4216:
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4205:Mother Teresa
4203:
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4104:Great Britain
4092:
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4029:Radio Veritas
4027:
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3919:Mochtar Lubis
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3769:Matiur Rahman
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3509:
3508:Shantha Sinha
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3474:Mabelle Arole
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3440:Cynthia Maung
3438:
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3405:
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3333:
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3297:
3296:
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3278:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3250:
3237:
3231:
3230:Park Won-soon
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3186:
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3167:
3164:
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3158:
3145:
3139:Teten Masduki
3138:
3136:
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3130:
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3084:
3082:
3079:
3066:
3059:
3057:
3056:Liang Congjie
3054:
3052:
3051:Jiang Yanyong
3049:
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2852:Goh Keng Swee
2850:
2849:
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2825:
2822:
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2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Jesse Robredo
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2772:
2766:
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2758:
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2739:
2733:
2732:B. C. Shekhar
2730:
2728:
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2724:
2722:
2719:
2706:
2700:Keo Viphakone
2699:
2698:
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2693:
2680:
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2673:Yukiharu Miki
2671:
2668:
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2644:
2638:
2635:
2633:Raden Kodijat
2632:
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2629:
2626:
2613:
2607:
2606:J. M. Lyngdoh
2604:
2602:
2601:C.D. Deshmukh
2599:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2580:
2574:
2573:Yuan Longping
2571:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2552:
2545:
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2526:
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2515:
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2434:Caroline Dean
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
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2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2383:Jared Diamond
2380:
2377:
2374:
2373:R. James Cook
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2318:Yuan Longping
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2265:Neal L. First
2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:Shang Fa Yang
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
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2169:
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2162:
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2079:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1998:9787119051093
1994:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1973:9781908647962
1969:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1951:9780226330150
1947:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1930:9787540478988
1926:
1922:
1915:
1910:
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1888:
1884:
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1878:
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1783:
1782:Bloomberg.com
1779:
1772:
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1760:
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1740:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
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1684:
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1672:
1666:
1655:September 25,
1650:
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1473:
1469:
1465:
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1418:The Economist
1415:
1409:
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1370:
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1279:
1277:
1275:
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1251:
1250:Jiefang Daily
1246:
1240:
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1226:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1190:
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960:
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920:
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912:
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884:
865:
842:Personal life
839:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
796:Yuan won the
794:
792:
788:
783:
781:
771:
767:
763:
761:
756:
754:
749:
743:Contributions
740:
738:
734:
730:
720:
718:
708:
705:
701:
697:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
671:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:Gregor Mendel
641:
639:
634:
630:
627:
622:
614:
607:
602:
598:
594:
591:
582:
580:
577:(now part of
576:
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569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
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537:
533:
529:
525:
515:
513:
510:and the 2004
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
484:Yuán Lóngpíng
480:
472:
468:
467:Yuan Longping
459:
455:
451:
441:
436:
434:
430:
422:
420:
416:
411:Yuán Lóngpíng
408:
406:
402:
399:
395:
390:
386:
378:
376:
372:
364:
362:
358:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
318:
314:
311:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
285:
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280:
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270:
266:
262:
258:
239:
235:
232:
228:
224:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
183:
179:
174:
170:
167:
166:Yu Zhengsheng
163:
159:
155:
151:
150:Deng Yingchao
148:
144:
138:
133:
126:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
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95:
89:
84:
76:
71:
67:
60:
55:
46:
42:Yuan Longping
39:
34:
33:
28:
24:
19:
5400:Wang Dazhong
5394:Zeng Qingcun
5343:Cheng Kaijia
5339:Zhang Cunhao
5329:Zheng Zhemin
5323:Wu Liangyong
5293:Xu Guangxian
5273:Li Zhensheng
5252:Wang Yongzhi
5221:
5131:Chen Shu-chu
5001:Harish Hande
4860:
4742:Yoon Hye-ran
4285:Seiei Toyama
4281:Saburo Okita
4044:Nick Joaquin
4034:James Reuter
3498:Vinoba Bhave
3469:Prakash Amte
3412:Angela Gomes
2992:Tee Tee Luce
2936:Li Kwoh-ting
2932:Shih-chu Hsu
2900:Prawase Wasi
2824:Haydee Yorac
2804:Grace Padaca
2572:
2546:Ek Sonn Chan
2452:Joanne Chory
2405:Trudy Mackay
2369:Harris Lewin
2346:W. Joe Lewis
2317:
2292:Gurdev Khush
2041:
2021:(2021-06-01)
2015:(2001-03-05)
1988:
1962:
1940:
1920:
1913:
1906:Bibliography
1891:. Retrieved
1880:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1849:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1781:
1771:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1743:the original
1738:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1644:
1635:
1625:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:the original
1581:(1): 20–23.
1578:
1574:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1543:
1534:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1451:
1447:
1426:. Retrieved
1417:
1381:. Retrieved
1376:
1372:
1362:
1353:
1322:. Retrieved
1302:
1298:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:the original
1248:
1245:"杂交水稻之外的袁隆平"
1239:
1212:. Retrieved
1201:
1170:. Retrieved
1162:news.rthk.hk
1161:
1151:
1140:
1114:. Retrieved
1105:
1076:. Retrieved
1065:
1038:. Retrieved
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
990:
978:. Retrieved
969:
959:
908:
845:
833:
810:
795:
784:
777:
768:
764:
757:
750:
746:
726:
714:
703:
699:
695:Ipomoea alba
693:
686:
683:sweet potato
680:
672:
652:
635:
631:
626:rice paddies
623:
619:
595:
592:
588:
572:
536:De'an County
521:
501:
482:
466:
465:
405:Hanyu Pinyin
355:Chinese name
217:(2021-05-22)
215:May 22, 2021
136:
87:
30:
23:Chinese name
18:
5440:2021 deaths
5435:1930 births
5390:Huang Xuhua
5380:Liu Yongtan
5370:Wang Zeshan
5333:Wang Xiaomo
5313:Wang Zhenyi
5309:Shi Changxu
5303:Sun Jiadong
5267:Wu Mengchao
5082:Philippines
5036:Tri Mumpuni
4970:Yu Xiaogang
4956:Huo Daishan
4734:South Korea
4706:Philippines
4420:South Korea
4359:Philippines
4312:Sanduk Ruit
4177:Tang Xiyang
4119:Philippines
4048:Raul Locsin
4024:Lino Brocka
4005:Philippines
3644:Philippines
3625:Mahabir Pun
3264:Philippines
3226:Kim Sun-tae
3218:South Korea
3194:Pedro Orata
3185:Philippines
3135:H.B. Jassin
2784:Philippines
2637:Ali Sadikin
2180:Ralph Riley
2164:Don Kirkham
1824:October 24,
1040:October 24,
1010:October 24,
930: [
676:Hua Guofeng
581:) in 1953.
493:hybrid rice
310:Hybrid rice
162:Jia Qinglin
154:Li Xiannian
109:Wang Keying
105:Liu Fusheng
27:family name
5429:Categories
5404:Gu Songfen
5319:Xie Jialin
5299:Gu Chaohao
5283:Wu Zhengyi
5263:Ye Duzheng
5242:Jin Yilian
5006:Deep Joshi
4927:Koul Panha
4883:Bangladesh
4786:East Timor
4557:Ka Hsaw Wa
3959:Akio Ishii
3760:Bangladesh
3380:Bangladesh
3322:Sirindhorn
3046:Gao Yaojie
2506:recipients
2399:Linda Saif
1766:, chpt. 3.
1234:, chpt. 1.
946:References
829:2006 CPPCC
419:Wade–Giles
301:Agronomist
298:Profession
290:Occupation
279:Alma mater
198:Dong Cheng
187:1930-09-07
158:Li Ruihuan
117:Chen Qiufa
5414:Xue Qikun
5384:Qian Qihu
5374:Hou Yunde
5364:Tu Youyou
5236:Huang Kun
5232:Wang Xuan
5226:Wu Wenjun
5211:laureates
5025:Indonesia
4953:Fu Qiping
4829:Hong Kong
4818:based in
4760:Sri Lanka
4675:Indonesia
4486:based in
4234:Indonesia
4108:based in
3907:Indonesia
3836:Sri Lanka
3503:Aruna Roy
3493:Ela Bhatt
3253:based in
3166:Ruth Pfau
3126:Indonesia
3107:V. Shanta
3087:Baba Amte
2843:Singapore
2625:Indonesia
2271:Ilan Chet
1605:April 13,
1595:0002-1962
1554:April 13,
1527:Chen 2016
1476:2095-9273
1348:Rao, Yi.
1319:235633772
951:Citations
838:in 1991.
808:in 2004.
733:heterosis
723:Heterosis
560:Chongqing
306:Known for
268:Education
137:In office
101:Liu Zheng
88:In office
77:Committee
5410:Li Deren
5279:Min Enze
5150:Thailand
4916:Cambodia
4838:Chung To
4604:Cambodia
4497:Thailand
4449:Thailand
4331:Pakistan
4076:Thailand
3675:Thailand
3588:Malaysia
3290:Thailand
3157:Pakistan
2871:Thailand
2751:Pakistan
2718:Malaysia
2538:Cambodia
2334:(2006/7)
2314:(2002/3)
2267:(1996/7)
2261:(1995/6)
2251:(1994/5)
2176:(1984/5)
2170:(1983/4)
1887:Archived
1854:Archived
1818:Archived
1786:Archived
1715:Archived
1649:Archived
1548:Archived
1506:Archived
1484:97036223
1422:Archived
1383:June 26,
1324:June 25,
1208:Archived
1166:Archived
1126:cite web
1110:Archived
1072:Archived
1034:Archived
1004:Archived
1002:. 2004.
974:Archived
939:中南大学湘雅医院
915:Changsha
817:Changsha
804:and the
649:Ideology
550:and the
540:Jiujiang
293:Inventor
260:Children
242:Deng Zhe
223:Changsha
146:Chairman
97:Chairman
21:In this
4965:Pan Yue
4863:(2009–)
4429:Pomnyun
3060:Wu Qing
1893:May 22,
1882:Reuters
1860:May 22,
1852:].
1814:163.com
1792:June 9,
1456:Bibcode
1428:June 7,
1261:May 23,
1214:May 23,
1172:May 22,
1078:May 22,
980:May 26,
704:I. alba
700:I. alba
691:grafted
568:Nanjing
544:Jiangxi
528:Beijing
471:Chinese
254:
246:
202:Beijing
113:Hu Biao
5349:Yu Min
5147:
5122:Taiwan
5119:
5079:
5051:
5022:
4986:
4960:Ma Jun
4942:
4913:
4880:
4826:
4811:
4783:
4757:
4731:
4703:
4672:
4629:
4601:
4573:
4545:
4494:
4479:
4446:
4417:
4356:
4328:
4259:
4231:
4193:
4165:
4116:
4101:
4073:
4002:
3935:
3904:
3866:
3833:
3821:Ceylon
3818:
3790:
3757:
3706:
3672:
3641:
3585:
3557:
3529:
3476:&
3456:
3428:
3377:
3287:
3261:
3246:
3215:
3182:
3154:
3123:
3075:
3034:
3011:Ceylon
3008:
2980:
2924:Taiwan
2921:
2868:
2840:
2781:
2748:
2715:
2689:
2653:
2622:
2589:
2561:
2535:
2462:(2024)
2448:(2023)
2442:(2022)
2436:(2020)
2419:(2019)
2413:(2018)
2407:(2016)
2401:(2015)
2395:(2014)
2385:(2013)
2375:(2011)
2365:(2010)
2348:(2008)
2324:(2004)
2304:(2001)
2294:(2000)
2277:(1998)
2241:(1993)
2235:(1991)
2229:(1990)
2212:(1989)
2202:(1988)
2192:(1987)
2186:(1986)
2160:(1982)
2154:(1981)
2140:(1980)
2123:(1979)
2113:(1978)
1995:
1970:
1948:
1927:
1917:袁隆平的世界
1749:May 2,
1593:
1512:May 2,
1482:
1474:
1317:
1305:: 26.
1299:Nature
1116:May 2,
711:Famine
585:Career
564:Hankou
504:famine
481::
479:pinyin
473::
342:(2019)
337:(2012)
332:(2004)
327:(2004)
322:(2001)
316:Awards
237:Spouse
25:, the
5408:2023
5398:2020
5388:2019
5378:2018
5368:2017
5358:2016
5347:2014
5337:2013
5327:2012
5317:2011
5307:2010
5297:2009
5287:2008
5277:2007
5271:2006
5261:2005
5246:2003
5240:2002
5230:2001
5220:2000
5054:Japan
4989:India
4945:China
4632:India
4576:China
4548:Burma
4431:Sunim
4303:Nepal
4262:Japan
4196:India
4168:China
3977:Nepal
3938:Japan
3869:India
3793:Burma
3709:Tibet
3616:Nepal
3532:Japan
3459:India
3431:Burma
3249:Spain
3078:India
3037:China
2983:Burma
2656:Japan
2592:India
2564:China
2427:2020s
2356:2010s
2285:2000s
2220:1990s
2131:1980s
2100:1970s
2047:2004
1919:[
1848:[
1480:S2CID
1354:iNews
1315:S2CID
934:]
911:Sanya
868:Death
556:Hunan
532:China
248:(
244:
227:Hunan
125:CPPCC
75:CPPCC
5354:2015
5257:2004
3560:Laos
2692:Laos
1993:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1895:2021
1862:2021
1846:湖南红网
1826:2017
1794:2021
1751:2018
1657:2023
1607:2018
1591:ISSN
1556:2018
1514:2018
1472:ISSN
1430:2021
1385:2021
1326:2021
1263:2021
1216:2021
1174:2021
1132:link
1118:2018
1080:2021
1042:2017
1012:2017
982:2021
758:The
665:and
657:and
566:and
212:Died
181:Born
32:Yuan
3825:or
1583:doi
1464:doi
1379:(7)
1307:doi
1303:595
925:at
864:).
861:袁定江
855:袁定安
836:FAO
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