261:
20:
102:" of Kanesh once bore thirty sons in a single year. She said: 'What a horde is this which I have born!' She caulked(?) baskets with fat, put her sons in them, and launched them in the river. The river carried them down to the sea at the land of Zalpuwa. Then the gods took them up out of the sea and reared them. When some years had passed, the queen again gave birth, this time to thirty daughters. This time she herself reared them."
233:, which had a palace and temple that were violently destroyed near the end of the Middle Bronze Age II. This North Syrian Zalpa was called Zalwar in Old Babylonian texts. The military exploits of
411:, in Karen Radner, Nadine Moeller, D. T. Potts (eds.), The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East, Volume III: From the Hyksos to the Late Second Millennium BC, Oxford University Press, p. 462.
311:
221:
The city of Zalpa was formerly equated by scholars with
Zalpuwa in Anatolia, located to the north of Ḫattuša near the Black Sea. But the Zalpa mentioned in the Annals of
213:, and this proposal was commented as possible by French scholars Nele Ziegler and Anne-Isabelle Langlois in 2016, as well as Eva von Dassow in her (2022) essay.
237:, a Hittite king who reigned in the latter part of the seventeenth century BC, are described both in Hittite and Akkadian in clay tablets, now in the
432:
339:
437:
408:
350:
23:
Hittite Empire showing "Zalpa of the Black Sea" at the north. "Zalpa of the Annals of
Hattusili I" is located at
370:
133:
by
Arnuwanda's time. This portion of the prayer also mentioned Kammama, which was Kaskian as of the reign of
241:, excavated in Hattusa, the Hittite capital, and mention that he destroyed the city of Zalpa (written
176:
idol for Neša. Soon after that, Zalpuwa seems to have become culturally and linguistically
Hittite.
442:
190:
279:
206:
302:, Proclamation of Anitta CHT 1, The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved: 6 December 2020.
238:
63:
51:
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Arnuwanda's prayer implies that
Zalpuwa was laid waste by Kaskians, at the same time that
8:
109:, which seemingly supported the argument that the city was located near the Black Sea.
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366:
346:
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427:
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96:
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153:, and Zalpuwa was thought to have been founded by Hattians, like its neighbours.
126:
398:, in Les toponymes paléo-babyloniens de la Haute-Mésopotamie, Collège de France.
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164:, after which the Zalpuwans carried off the city's "Sius" idol. Under
137:. The conclusion until recently, was to locate Zalpuwa in a region of
194:
106:
81:
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of around the 18th century BC. Its history is largely known from the
225:
has now been proposed as being at the site of Tilmen Höyük, in the
157:
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138:
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19:
363:
Historical
Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period
172:, invaded Zalpuwa. Anitta took Huzziya captive, and recovered the
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Zalpuwa is the setting for an ancient legend about the Queen of
92:
200:
180:
142:
118:
112:
78:
by
Tubingen and Chicago Universities recent excavations.
197:
coast was suggested as a possible location for
Zalpuwa.
383:
Les toponymes paléo-babyloniens de la Haute-Mésopotamie
105:
The river at Kanesh (Sarımsaklı Çayı) drains into the
95:, which was either composed in or translated into the
328:"Annals of Ḫattušili I (mid- to late 17th cent. BCE)"
256:
394:Ziegler, Nele, and Anne-Isabelle Langlois, (2017).
381:Ziegler, Nele, and Anne-Isabelle Langlois, (2016).
322:
320:
82:Earlier identification of Zalpa near the Black Sea
419:
317:
342:A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology
216:
87:Seeming indirect evidence from Ancient legends
27:, c. 90 kilometers to the northeast of Alalakh
205:In 1990, J. M. Córdoba identified Zalpa with
141:cities of northern central Anatolia: as were
183:fell to them, in the early 14th century BC.
201:Identification of Zalpa on the Balikh river
326:Chicago-Tubingen Expedition to Zincirli,
298:Kimball, Sara E., & Jonathan Slocum.
117:"Zalpuwa" is further mentioned alongside
18:
113:Hittite connection and Arnuwanda prayer
420:
129:speaking city which had fallen to the
54:1. It has now been proposed that the
385:, Collège de France Collège, p. 462.
66:4, was a different city located at
34:, traditionally also thought to be
13:
365:, Museum Tusculanum Press, p.120,
14:
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433:Former populated places in Turkey
312:"Information about the Hittites"
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388:
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333:
330:, Retrieved: 18 November 2020.
305:
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1:
438:Lost ancient cities and towns
285:
314:, Retrieved 6 December 2020.
168:'s reign, the king of Neša,
160:the king of Zalpuwa invaded
156:Around the 18th century BC,
7:
396:"Toponymes U-Z: Zalpah (1)"
361:Bajramovic, Gojko, (2011).
252:
217:New identification of Zalpa
58:mentioned in the Annals of
38:, was a still-undiscovered
16:Bronze Age city in Anatolia
10:
459:
344:. Routledge. 1998. p. 142.
239:Catalogue of Hittite Texts
229:River Valley south of the
74:River Valley south of the
407:von Dassow, Eva, (2022).
409:"Mittani and Its Empire"
280:History of the Hittites
125:'s prayer. Nerik was a
207:Tell Hammam et-Turkman
48:Proclamation of Anitta
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340:Leick, Gwendolyn.
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300:"Hittite Online"
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231:Taurus Mountains
191:Kızılırmak Delta
97:Hittite language
76:Taurus Mountains
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68:Tilmen Höyük
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25:Tilmen Hoyuk
275:Hattusili I
267:Asia portal
247:Za-al-ba-ar
235:Hattusili I
223:Hattusili I
123:Arnuwanda I
60:Hattusili I
422:Categories
371:8763536455
286:References
40:Bronze Age
209:, on the
195:Black Sea
193:near the
107:Black Sea
70:, in the
253:See also
243:Za-al-pa
187:İkiztepe
151:Sapinuwa
131:Kaskians
44:Anatolia
42:city in
428:Zalpuwa
189:on the
166:Huzziya
147:Hattusa
139:Hattian
32:Zalpuwa
369:
349:
227:Karasu
170:Anitta
93:Kanesh
72:Karasu
181:Nerik
143:Nerik
119:Nerik
56:Zalpa
36:Zalpa
367:ISBN
347:ISBN
174:Sius
162:Neša
158:Uḫna
121:in
64:CTH
52:CTH
424::
319:^
145:,
99::
62:,
50:,
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