Zebra mussel - Knowledge

842: 1121: 3961: 31: 1253:

Indiana's Department of Natural Resources (DNR). It is illegal to own, sell, or distribute zebra mussels in the U.S. If spotted, either in an aquarium or out in nature, it is advised to contact the local DNR in the region resided. Recent research shows that zebra mussels could not establish reproducing populations in Kentucky Lake, indicating that the physico-chemical characteristics of this lake deter the species. A better understanding of the lake's characteristics and identification of the key parameters that deter zebra mussels may pave the way for protecting other aquatic ecosystems from the spreading of this invasive species.

1090: 732:, reaching densities of up to 10,000 mussels per square metre (930/sq ft). The mussels present a food source to waterfowl and have caused bird numbers to double over the last 30 years. By the end of winter, birds decimate zebra mussel populations and reduce them by 95–99% up to the maximum depth reachable by birds of c. 10 metres (33 ft). The estimated quantity of consumed zebra mussels is 750 metric tons per square kilometre (2,100 short ton/sq mi). Zebra mussel populations recover annually, indicating that waterfowl may control infested bodies of water but not reverse the infestation status entirely. 4657: 1241:

equipment that have been in contact with water, remove all mud, plants, or animals, drain all bilge water, live wells, bait buckets, and all other water from their boats, engines and equipment, wash all parts of their boats, paddles, and other equipment that have been in contact with water, and dry their boats and trailers in the sun for five days before launching into another body of water. This is important because adult zebra mussels are able to close their shells and may survive out of water for several days. When washing their boats, boat owners should be sure to wash with warm, soapy water as well.

741: 1027: 768:. Another possible, but unproven, mode of introduction is on anchors and chains. Since adult zebra mussels can survive out of water for several days or weeks if the temperature is low and humidity is high, chain lockers provide temporary refuge for clusters of adult mussels that could easily be released when transoceanic ships drop anchor in freshwater ports. They have become an invasive species in North America, and as such, they are the target of federal policy to control them, for instance in the 279: 75: 428: 286: 555: 4683: 4671: 50: 1187: 4289: 978:. This spread is preventable if boaters thoroughly clean and dry their boats and associated equipment before transporting them to new bodies of water. Since no North American predator or combination of predators has been shown to significantly reduce zebra mussel numbers, such spread would most likely result in permanent establishment of zebra mussels in many North American 818:. Infested-moss balls have also been found from online retailers and smaller, independent stores. Though it is more difficult to know the extent of the spread at a larger scale, Wesley Daniel, a fisheries biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, says that about 30% of the inventory pulled from shelves were found to contain the zebra mussels. 1248:

were purchased around the time of the first discovery and recall in March 2021, aquatic hobbyists have been urged to decontaminate the moss balls by either boiling them for at least one minute, freezing for at least 24 hours, or placing them in diluted chlorine bleach. Another way to rid of the zebra

1165:

of zebra mussels in the lake probably caused changes in the spatial structure of the fish community. What is notable is the disappearance of small roach from pelagic assemblages, probably due to alterations in the trophic links of the littoral and sublittoral zones, as well as the expected increase

1252:

Even if moss balls infected with zebra mussels are contained in an aquarium, the concern that they could contaminate local waterways is high, especially in regions and states where they have not yet infested. Aquarium dumping and disposing of unwanted pets is common, according to Eric Fischer with

1160:

fishes increased slightly due to the presence of the zebra mussel which made up a significant part of the diet followed by an increase (p<0.05) in the growth rates of roach and silver bream. The growth rates of the bream, which prefers soft zoobenthos, decreased. In addition, the formation of a

261:

Rivers. Zebra mussels get their name from a striped pattern commonly seen on their shells, though it is not universally present. They are usually about the size of a fingernail, but can grow to a maximum length around 50 mm (2 in). Their shells are D-shaped, and attached to the substrate

1009:

at the University of California, Riverside, the cost of management of zebra mussels in the Great Lakes alone exceeds $ 500 million per year. A more conservative study estimated total economic costs of $ 267 million for electric-generation and water-treatment facilities in the entire United States

621:, and damage harbors and waterways, ships and boats, and water-treatment and power plants. Water-treatment plants are most affected because the water intakes bring the microscopic, free-swimming larvae directly into the facilities. Zebra mussels also cling to pipes under the water and clog them. 1017:

Concerns are also high following the contamination of zebra mussels in at home aquariums. If zebra mussels had reached open water in Seattle, Washington, where the first case was confirmed, the invasive species would have cost the state $ 100 million each year in maintenance for power and water

1112:

at greater depths. This cleansing also increases water visibility and filters out pollutants. Each quagga and zebra mussel filters about 1 litre (1 US quart) of water per day when confined to small tanks. In lakes, their filtering effects are usually spatially restricted (near the lake bottom)

1240:

Zebra mussels cling to boat motors. Boat-owners should follow a few steps prior to putting their boats into a new lake and after removing their boats from infected lakes to stop the spreading of the species. Boat owners should make sure to inspect their boat, trailer, and other recreational

461:

The vast majority of the organism's natural enemies are not present in North America. Ecologically similar species do exist, but these species are unlikely to be able to eliminate those mussels already established and have a limited role in their control unlike their counterparts in Europe.

390:

The lifespan of a zebra mussel is four to five years. A female zebra mussel begins to reproduce within 6–7 weeks of settling. An adult female zebra mussel can produce 30,000 to 40,000 eggs in each reproductive cycle, and over 1 million each year. Free-swimming microscopic larvae, called

351:, and harder substrates, but usually juveniles prefer harder, rockier substrates on which to attach. Other mussel species frequently represent the most stable objects in silty substrates, and zebra mussels attach to and often kill these mussels. They build colonies on native 1249:

mussels can be to submerge the moss balls in undiluted white vinegar for a minimum of 20 minutes. After following one of these methods, the USGS urges owners to bag these moss balls before disposing of them in the trash to prevent spread to local water ways and ecosystems.

931:

was confirmed, and aggressive efforts to eradicate them in 2014 have not succeeded. New contamination was found outside treated areas of Lake Winnipeg in 2015, and they have also been found in the Red River near the lake in Selkirk Park in 2015. Large numbers were seen at

1082:

poisoning that has killed tens of thousands of birds in the Great Lakes since the late 1990s. They are edible, but since they are so efficient at filtering water, they tend to accumulate pollutants and toxins, so most experts recommend against consuming zebra mussels.

810:, a common aquarium plant, sold in pet stores across North America. By 8 March, the invasive species were detected in moss balls in 30 different states at multiple retail locations in the United States. These discoveries were prompted by the initial find at a 489: in)-long zebra mussels. An adult crayfish consumes around 105 zebra mussels every day, or about 6,000 mussels in a season. However, predation rates are significantly reduced at lower water temperatures. Additionally, certain fish, such as the 724:

was identified in the Shannon, which is capable of tolerating a wider range of environmental conditions. The spread of quagga mussels is expected to reduce zebra mussel populations over time while increasing the overall environmental impact.

355:

clams, reducing their ability to move, feed, and breed, eventually leading to their deaths. This has led to the near extinction of the unionid clams in Lake St. Clair and the western basin of Lake Erie. This pattern is being repeated in

973:

A common inference made by scientists predicts that the zebra mussel will continue spreading passively, by ship and by pleasure craft, to more rivers in North America. Trailered boat traffic is the most likely vector for invasion into

395:, drift in the water for several weeks and then settle onto any hard surface they can find. Zebra mussels also can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, and adults can even survive out of water for about seven days. 2937:

Effler, Steven W., Carol M. Brooks, Keith Whitehead, Bruce Wagner, Susan M. Doerr, MaryGail Perkins, Clifford A. Siegfried, Leigh Walrath and Raymond P. Canale (1996). "Impact of Zebra Mussel Invasion on River Water Quality."

2031: 1972: 1956:

Palmer, Michelle; Winter, J.; Young, Joelle; Dillon, Peter; Guildford, Stephanie (2011). "Introduction and summary of research on Lake Simcoe: Research, monitoring, and restoration of a large lake and its watershed".

526:

On June 4, 2014, Canadian conservation authorities announced that a test using liquid fertilizer to kill invasive zebra mussels was successful. This test was conducted in a lakefront harbor in the western province of

1823:

Michel C, Vincent-Hubert F. DNA oxidation and DNA repair in gills of zebra mussels exposed to cadmium and benzo(a)pyrene. Ecotoxicology. 2015 Nov;24(9):2009-16. doi: 10.1007/s10646-015-1536-3. Epub 2015 Oct 6. PMID

1833:

Michel C, Vincent-Hubert F. Detection of 8-oxodG in Dreissena polymorpha gill cells exposed to model contaminants. Mutat Res. 2012 Jan 24;741(1-2):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.10.001. Epub 2011 Oct 8. PMID

798:

Congressional researchers have estimated that the zebra mussel has cost businesses and communities over $ 5 billion since their initial invasion. Zebra mussels have cost power companies alone over $ 3 billion.

331:

Lake floor food supplies are enriched by zebra mussels as they filter pollution out of the water. This biomass becomes available to bottom-feeding species and to the fish that feed on them. The catch of

3164:

Nicholls, Kenneth H.; Hopkins, Gordon J. (1993-01-01). "Recent Changes in Lake Erie (North Shore) Phytoplankton: Cumulative Impacts of Phosphorus Loading Reductions and the Zebra Mussel Introduction".

3037: 1885:

Daniel P. Molloya; Alexander Y. Karatayevb; Lyubov E. Burlakovab; Dina P. Kurandinac; Franck Laruellea (1997). "Natural enemies of zebra mussels: Predators, parasites, and ecological competitors".

783:

unlikely to experience a zebra mussel invasion of water bodies. This model, though, has since been proven incorrect. In 2006, a researcher (also using GARP) predicted invasion as far west as the

2885: 2789: 693:

Zebra mussels are present in British waterways. Many water companies are reporting having problems with their water-treatment plants with the mussels attaching themselves to pipeworks.

442:

and North America, has focused on predators, particularly birds (36 species) and fish (15 species eating veligers and 38 eating attached mussels). Annually, the wintering waterbirds at

324:

has increased from 6 in (15 cm) to up to 3 ft (0.91 m) in some areas. This increased water clarity allows sunlight to penetrate deeper, enabling growth of submerged

900:. However, zebra mussels could not establish reproducing populations in Kentucky Lake (Tennessee River). This may be due to relatively low dissolved calcium levels in this water body. 1005:

The cost of fighting the pests at power plants and other water-consuming facilities is substantial, but the magnitude of the damages is a matter of some controversy. According to the

379:

and the lower Shannon region in 1997 has led to considerable concern about the potential ecological and economic damage that this highly invasive aquatic nuisance species can cause."

3166: 2018: 1959: 3111: 2168: 4120: 2521: 4612: 1887: 829:

voluntarily recalled their moss balls due to the potential harm zebra mussels could cause to indigenous ecosystems. As of November 2021, nearly eight months after the recall,

3588: 2860: 1063:, they have covered the undersides of docks, boats, and anchors. They have also spread into streams and rivers throughout the U.S. In some areas, they completely cover the 2952:

Connelly, NA; O'Neill, CR Jr; Knuth, BA; Brown, TL (2007-05-24). "Economic impacts of zebra mussels on drinking water treatment and electric power generation facilities".

2939: 908: 697:

has estimated that it costs £500,000 per year to remove the mussels from their treatment plants. Zebra mussels arguably have also had an effect on fishing, for example at

2545:

Drake, John M., and Jonathan M. Bossenbroek (2004). "The Potential Distribution of zebra mussels in the United States." BioScience (Vol. 54, No 10). Retrieved 2014-2-19.

2906: 2765: 2559: 3006: 493:, is a predator in the zebra mussels' adopted North American Great Lakes habitat, but in European lakes, fish do not seem to limit the densities of zebra mussels. 3388: 904: 304:. Zebra mussels process up to 1 litre (0.26 US gal; 34 US fl oz) of water per day, per mussel. Some particles are consumed as food, and 1144:

in Russia, zebra mussels have greatly changed the fish community. All fish species remained in the lake, but catches changed significantly. Gillnets set in the

1086:

Zebra mussels affect all classes of algal species, resulting in a shortage of food sources to native species of freshwater mussels and fish in the Great Lakes.

4115: 3463: 2662: 1607: 1583:

Garton, D. W.; Berg, D. J.; Stoeckmann, A. M.; Hagg, W. R. (1993). "Biology of recent invertebrate invading species in the Great Lakes: The spiny water flea,

3594: 967: 2518:"Zebra Mussels Overwhelm U.S. Waterways in the Great Lakes Region and Beyond – Copper Screens and Coatings Provide a Solution to this $ 500 million Problem" 3027: 3363: 1067:, sometimes covering other freshwater mussels. They can grow so densely that they block pipelines, clogging water intakes of municipal water supplies and 2841: 2303: 2785: 652: 2100: 2604: 2379: 3572: 4890: 4145: 242:. The adverse effects of dreissenid mussels on freshwater systems have led to their ranking as one of the world's most invasive aquatic species. 841: 4978: 3496: 3215: 2525: 1075:

alloys, which can be used to coat intake and discharge grates, navigational buoys, boats, and motors where the species tends to congregate.

5071: 3637: 2497: 3985: 3560: 3121: 2636: 2176: 916: 769: 3523: 403:

Zebra mussels can be used to detect risks to humans from environmental hazards and are considered effective indicators of environmental

3730: 2462: 1136:: a - roach in 1978-1981, b - the same in 2014-2016, c - bream (black) and silver bream (gray) in 1978-1981, d - the same in 2014-2015. 1120: 3609: 2016:

Evans, David; Skinner, A.; Allen, Ronald; McMurtry, Michael (2011). "Invasion of zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, in Lake Simcoe".

5096: 3533: 1469: 3960: 2689: 2599: 2147: 1764: 966:

In 2011, an invasion of zebra mussels shut down a water pipeline in the Dallas area. This resulted in reduced water supplies during

4851: 3322: 852:

From their first appearance in North American waters in 1988, zebra mussels have spread to a large number of waterways, including

4916: 4135: 3920: 3441: 1402:

Dissolved Calcium in Kentucky Lake and Its Watershed: Trends and Possible Sources and Implications for Zebra Mussel Colonization

3211: 1613:(Report). College Park, Maryland: Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy, Maryland School of Public Affairs. Archived from 712:

and its adjacent waters. In the summers of 2023 and 2024, zebra mussels were one contributing factor to a major bloom of toxic

368: 3436: 3085: 1683: 5004: 1519: 1434: 1108:

in Lake St. Clair. They cleanse the waters of inland lakes, resulting in increased sunlight penetration and growth of native

989:

in central New York in the summer of 1993. This decrease was caused by extremely high concentrations of zebra mussels in the

940: 2836: 4921: 4150: 2917: 2121: 1006: 1197: 446:

decrease zebra mussel biomass in shallow areas by >90%. Biomass reduction in deeper areas varies considerably based on

5081: 4248: 4110: 2881: 360:, where zebra mussels have eliminated the two freshwater mussels from several waterways, including some lakes along the 4812: 2810: 975: 2714: 775:

Using models based on the genetic algorithm for rule-set production (GARP), a group of researchers predicted that the

651:. Canals that artificially link many European waterways facilitated their early dispersal. It is nonindigenous in the 4140: 3248: 1545:"Dramatic decline of unionid bivalves in offshore waters of western Lake Erie after infestation by the zebra mussel, 1011: 704:

Zebra mussels were first reported in Ireland in 1997, but probably arrived in 1994 or earlier. First identified near

4830: 915:. That same year, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources announced that live zebra mussels had been found in 5086: 5043: 4864: 3775: 3630: 1614: 1344: 757: 412: 337: 4983: 2435: 4843: 3604: 3578: 3546: 2558:) Invasion into the Upper Platte River: Using GIS and Genetic Algorithm Rule-set Prediction to Model Spread. The 1930: 803: 4741: 4602: 3409: 3142: 1884: 744:

Zebra Mussels can commonly be found on shipwrecks in the Great Lakes, one example, the wreck of the steamship

4965: 3335: 1494: 997:

in the water, which is used as a measure of phytoplankton biomass, because of the presence of zebra mussels.

708:, they may have been introduced to Ireland through several vectors but have since spread through much of the 4622: 4607: 2740: 1100:

However, zebra mussels and other non-native species are credited with the increased population and size of

328:. These plants, when decaying, wash up on shorelines, fouling beaches and causing water-quality problems. 5091: 4903: 4760: 4617: 3623: 3321:

Strayer, David L. (2009). "Twenty Years of Zebra Mussels: Lessons from the Mollusk That Made Headlines."

1014:

in 2009, the total cost of the zebra mussel invasion is estimated at 3.1 billion over the next 10 years.

4765: 3058: 3925: 3349: 2291: 2253: 1455: 1064: 776: 447: 416: 344: 1169:

Because zebra mussels damage water intakes and other infrastructure, methods such as adding oxidants,

1152:

during the feeding period consist mainly of large roach and perch while vendace were prevalent in the

74: 5048: 4233: 4127: 2517: 2470: 1569: 1332: 1048:. Their shells are very sharp and are known for cutting people's feet, resulting in the need to wear 628:

in 1794. Kerney and Morton described the rapid colonization of Britain by the zebra mussel, first in

235: 1310: 4686: 4479: 4474: 3770: 2954: 2387: 780: 4957: 787:

by 2015. As of March 2016, zebra mussels have affected hundreds of lakes in the Midwest including

454:

observed no reduction at the lowest observed depth of 11 metres (36 ft) except for a site at

210:. The species originates from the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine, but has been accidentally 30: 5035: 4387: 4198: 4092: 3820: 3810: 986: 956: 4895: 4703: 4213: 4203: 3905: 3890: 3383: 3281: 1056: 952: 948: 933: 885: 633: 4934: 5076: 4944: 4632: 4559: 4494: 4359: 4334: 4309: 4193: 3940: 3720: 3538: 2572: 1638: 1400:

Meystedt, Kelsie; Loganathan, Bommanna G; Hendricks, Susan P.; White, David S. (2023-10-09).

563: 510: 169: 5022: 3464:"Have an aquarium? Here are the 5 things to know about invasive zebra mussels in moss balls" 2663:"Have an aquarium? Here are the 5 things to know about invasive zebra mussels in moss balls" 2352: 1173:, heat, dewatering, mechanical removal, and pipe coatings are becoming increasingly common. 4786: 4367: 4329: 3660: 3552: 3414: 3368: 3277:

Pallas 1771 (Bivalvia) appearance on fish populations in Lake Pleshcheevo, European Russia"

3235: 3175: 2492: 2035: 1976: 1896: 1859: 1722: 376: 2332: 8: 4589: 4243: 4052: 4010: 3780: 3740: 2998: 2996: 2609: 2440: 2198: 1772: 765: 39: 3566: 3179: 2408: 2039: 1980: 1900: 1863: 1726: 4509: 4504: 4372: 4314: 4208: 4057: 3975: 3860: 3840: 3750: 3693: 3298: 2979: 2856: 2059: 2000: 1850: 1746: 1089: 784: 246: 211: 186: 69: 3187: 1473: 1401: 1287: 1208: 1204: 740: 411:

gill cells to model contaminants representative of water pollution was found to cause

5017: 4773: 4519: 4397: 4344: 4263: 3930: 3895: 3835: 3795: 3765: 3735: 3646: 3505: 3302: 3272: 3032: 2971: 2668: 2637:"State asks public to inspect aquarium moss and prevent movement of invasive mussels" 2051: 1992: 1871: 1738: 1430: 1410: 1141: 1129: 865: 857: 559: 2249:"Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky" 2063: 2004: 1750: 4778: 4627: 4319: 4223: 4175: 4087: 3980: 3678: 3290: 3191: 3183: 2983: 2963: 2312: 2043: 1984: 1904: 1867: 1793: 1730: 1405: 1305: 1149: 1068: 873: 587: 215: 1544: 1467: 4991: 4869: 4597: 4564: 4425: 4377: 4253: 4228: 4037: 3990: 3915: 3760: 3745: 3116: 1101: 920: 881: 761: 615: 490: 4970: 3584: 1929:: A synthesis of European Experiences and a preview for North America (Report). 1925:

Mackie, G.; Gibbons, W.; Muncaster, B.; Gray, I. (July 1989). The Zebra Mussel,

1707:

Borcherding, J. (1991). "The annual reproductive cycle of the freshwater mussel

1449: 1429:. Encyclopedias of the natural world. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1367: 4838: 4825: 4461: 4415: 4410: 4382: 4349: 4218: 4077: 4005: 3995: 3845: 3790: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3294: 2047: 1988: 1094: 990: 912: 893: 889: 877: 792: 760:. They are thought to have been inadvertently introduced into the lakes by the 729: 629: 497: 443: 267: 2967: 2248: 1908: 985:

A major decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen was observed in the

5065: 4929: 4817: 4726: 4675: 4569: 4534: 4435: 4430: 4405: 3935: 3900: 3875: 3725: 3688: 3528: 3509: 2770: 2055: 2027: 1996: 1968: 1296: 1157: 1145: 1133: 1041: 1034: 1030: 928: 846: 788: 721: 713: 709: 698: 694: 595: 591: 532: 361: 321: 297: 293: 258: 59: 54: 1662: 720:, the largest body of freshwater in the United Kingdom. In 2021 the similar 554: 4908: 4661: 4440: 4420: 4324: 4062: 3945: 3865: 3825: 3815: 3785: 2975: 2317: 2207: 2101:"Potash experiment killed zebra mussels at infested harbour, officials say" 1844:

Werner, S. (2005). "Strong impact of wintering waterbirds on zebra mussel (

1742: 1371: 1153: 1114: 1105: 861: 618: 333: 301: 231: 223: 136: 4996: 382:

The zebra mussel is a freshwater species and cannot survive in the ocean.

218:

in many countries worldwide. Since the 1980s, the species has invaded the

5030: 4952: 4877: 4735: 4574: 4549: 4544: 4514: 4297: 4273: 4238: 4047: 3950: 3870: 3830: 3683: 3573:

Charting the progression of the Zebra mussel in the Eastern United States

2080: 1262: 1170: 1162: 1072: 1060: 994: 853: 753: 717: 644: 579: 543: 515: 501: 313: 254: 239: 227: 219: 4752: 779:

is moderately to highly likely to be inhabited by zebra mussels and the

278: 4856: 4554: 4489: 4278: 4258: 4042: 4015: 3800: 3713: 3196: 1734: 1593:

Biological pollution: The control and impact of invasive exotic species

1049: 1026: 960: 869: 705: 683: 656: 500:, for example in the winter of 1994–1995 in the invasive population of 469:

could have a significant impact on the densities of 1-to-5-millimetre (

427: 325: 285: 250: 4882: 4670: 2148:"Michigan-made pesticide Zequanox adds muscle to war on zebra mussels" 1128:

species in the littoral (1), sublittoral (2) and pelagic (3) zones of

668: 4799: 4579: 4484: 4268: 4032: 4025: 4000: 3910: 3615: 3600: 2837:"Manitoba family spots 'dark clumps' of zebra mussels at Grand Beach" 2296:(Pallas, 1771) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) from Central Italy" 2122:"Manitoba family spots 'dark clumps' of zebra mussels at Grand Beach" 1713: 923:, which extends across the international border into the province of 701:, where their introduction has changed the environment for the fish. 648: 637: 575: 404: 317: 308:

are deposited on the lake floor. Nonfood particles are combined with

146: 86: 4697: 2247:

Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010).

1595:. Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Academy of Science. pp. 63–84. 4804: 4720: 4529: 4339: 3885: 3880: 3805: 3028:"Invasive mussels found in Renton pet store could cost WA millions" 2413: 2357: 2337: 2126: 1542: 1267: 1079: 1045: 979: 924: 822: 546:

proves effective in killing invasive zebra mussels in cool waters.

539: 538:

Similar tests were run in Illinois, Minnesota, and Michigan, using

528: 466: 392: 116: 106: 4791: 4539: 4499: 4469: 4447: 4067: 3855: 3755: 2289: 1468:

The National Atlas of the United States of America (2009-09-17).

944: 815: 687: 664: 660: 625: 599: 583: 357: 352: 5009: 4288: 3658: 1682:

Government of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2018-05-04).

1399: 4524: 3850: 3271:

Smirnov, A.; Pavlov, D.; Kodukhova, Yu.; Karabanov, D. (2020).

3270: 2997:

Bureau of Public Affairs The Office of Electronic Information.

2169:"Researchers find new methods to combat invasive zebra mussels" 1245: 830: 807: 672: 611: 455: 439: 431: 292:

Zebra mussels and the closely related and ecologically similar

263: 207: 96: 667:, it is probably native. Around 1920 the mussels reached Lake 3610:

Zebra Mussels: Questions and Answers for Inland Lake Managers

3589:

University of California Center for Invasive Species Research

3112:"Botulism takes fatal toll on thousands of Great Lakes birds" 2951: 2719: 1109: 897: 896:

rivers, and, by mid-2023, 31 lakes and seven river basins in

826: 811: 679: 607: 603: 336:

increased five-fold after the invasion of zebra mussels into

309: 305: 126: 3086:"Dozens report slicing skin on zebra mussels in Lake Travis" 245:

The species was first described in 1769 by German zoologist

4020: 3563:. Lists general information and resources for Zebra Mussel. 2911: 2333:"British waterways fight invasion by Russian zebra mussels" 1279: 1220: 1125: 348: 2786:"Zebra mussels found in Pelican Lake in Otter Tail County" 2409:"Lough Neagh: The year the UK's largest lake turned green" 2271:(Pallas) nuovamente in Italia. (Bivalvia, Dreissenidae)". 1924: 1212: 4082: 4072: 3410:"Invasive Zebra Mussels Found in Pet Stores in 21 States" 2203:

Disaster: Scientists battle an invasion of zebra mussels"

2015: 728:

The mussels have displaced native species of molluscs in

1582: 1216: 993:. Additionally, the Seneca River had significantly less 398: 1955: 1639:"zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) - Species Profile" 970:, worsening water restrictions across the Dallas area. 905:

Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation

806:

was notified that zebra mussels had been discovered in

2907:"Water district braces for North Texas drought crisis" 2081:"Manitoba stops zebra mussel invasion with fertilizer" 1078:

Zebra mussels are believed to be the source of deadly

3524:

How can we help stop zebra mussels after they spread?

1570:"Alteration of the Freshwater Ecosystem, An Overview" 1495:"Zebra mussel — Invasive species: Minnesota DNR" 1044:. When in the water, they open their shells to admit 3601:

USGS Zebra Mussel Monitoring Program for North Texas

1681: 1010:

from 1989 through 2004. In a study conducted by the

764:

water of ocean-going ships that were traversing the

508:, 2011 attributes this to predation by the crayfish 3581:, Northern Ireland Environment and Heritage Service 3364:"How can the spread of zebra mussels be prevented?" 2353:"Angling club closes down at 'clean' Salford Quays" 1425:Simberloff, Daniel; Rejmánek, Marcel, eds. (2011). 1132:before (a, c) and after (b, d) the introduction of 316:. Since the zebra mussel has become established in 3569:, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries 3494:(Pallas) extends its range westwards in Ireland". 2942:(Vol. 68, No 2). pp. 205–214. Retrieved 2014-2-19. 2032:International Association for Great Lakes Research 1973:International Association for Great Lakes Research 1424: 3325:(Vol. 7, No 3). pp. 135–141. Retrieved 2014-2-19. 2690:"Voluntary Product Withdrawal: Marimo Moss Balls" 678:The first appearance of the organism in northern 574:The native distribution of the species is in the 312:and other matter and deposited on lake floors as 5063: 3559:, National Invasive Species Information Center, 2811:"Province redoubles fight against zebra mussels" 2766:"2 Mass. towns start fight against zebra mussel" 2605:Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries 2594: 2592: 1538: 1536: 1166:in food competition among pelagic fish species. 558:Sign advising boaters on how to prevent spread, 3163: 2882:"Quagga and Zebra Mussels Incident Description" 1311:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T155495A42428801.en 919:. This was the first confirmed sighting in the 907:confirmed that zebra mussels had been found in 2631: 2629: 2627: 2266: 2222:Blažka, F. (1893). "Do Čech zavlečená slávka: 1543:Schloesser, Don W.; Nalepa, Thomas F. (1994). 791:, and the largest interior lake in Wisconsin, 514:. Nonetheless this has not been sufficient to 3921:Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems 3631: 3497:Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society 2589: 1819: 1817: 1533: 1285: 3612:, Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program 3384:"Invasive Zebra Mussels Found in Moss Balls" 2641:Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife 2573:"Zebra Quagga Mussel Sightings Distribution" 2290:Elisabetta Lori; Simone Cianfanelli (2006). 1513: 1511: 1124:Changes in the spatial distribution of some 686:in 1973; in central Italy, they appeared in 284: 277: 3986:Freshwater environmental quality parameters 3561:United States National Agricultural Library 3529:How to prevent zebra mussels from spreading 2624: 2238: 1920: 1918: 1848:) populations at Lake Constance, Germany". 1706: 1643:USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database 1404:(Report). Chemistry and Materials Science. 3638: 3624: 3266: 3264: 1814: 1517: 1176: 1071:companies. Zebra mussels do not attach to 752:They were first detected in Canada in the 300:organisms; they remove particles from the 214:to numerous other areas and has become an 48: 29: 3195: 3143:"Zebra Mussels – Too Toxic for 'Taste Of" 2857:"Zebra Mussel Discovered in North Dakota" 2512: 2510: 2508: 2490: 2316: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1508: 1409: 1309: 1040:As with most bivalves, zebra mussels are 833:moss balls have not returned to shelves. 632:in the 1820s, London in 1824, and in the 549: 3323:Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1915: 1370:. Center for Invasive Species Research, 1119: 1088: 1025: 927:. In 2013, their presence in Manitoba's 840: 739: 643:In 1827, zebra mussels were seen in the 553: 426: 371:, said "the discovery of zebra mussels ( 3545:. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. USGS ( 3489: 3442:Indiana Department of Natural Resources 3336:"Help stop the spread of zebra mussels" 3261: 3103: 3025: 2436:"Mussel in Derg could have high impact" 1198:instructions, advice, or how-to content 943:confirmed the presence of zebra mussel 5064: 3645: 3109: 2904: 2505: 2221: 2196: 2114: 1937: 1843: 1605: 369:National University of Ireland, Galway 4702: 4701: 4174: 4173: 3657: 3619: 3490:Minchin, D (2003). "The Zebra Mussel 3145:. Buffalo Rising Online. Sep 24, 2008 3083: 2745:Texas Parks & Wildlife Department 941:North Dakota Game and Fish Department 438:Research on natural enemies, both in 399:Indicators of environmental pollution 4844:6d92e60b-74d4-41b1-8699-be8e37070202 2886:CA Department of Fish & Wildlife 2491:Herremans, Marc (13 February 2013). 1427:Encyclopedia of biological invasions 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1325: 1180: 1007:Center for Invasive Species Research 770:National Invasive Species Act (1996) 5072:IUCN Red List least concern species 4249:Oceanic physical-biological process 4111:List of freshwater ecoregions (WWF) 3434: 3059:"Aquatic Hitchhikers: Zebra Mussel" 2554:Stimers, M.J. 2008. Zebra Mussel ( 2463:"Zebra mussels in Northern Ireland" 1472:. Nationalatlas.gov. Archived from 1297:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1207:so that it is more encyclopedic or 13: 3483: 3461: 2790:MN Department of Natural Resources 2660: 1365: 14: 5108: 3597:, United States Geological Survey 3575:, United States Geological Survey 3517: 3437:"Aquatic Invasive Species - Fish" 1608:What's Wrong with Exotic Species? 1551:. USGS Great Lakes Science Center 1384: 614:. They disrupt the ecosystems by 531:. However, outbreaks continue in 496:There have been some high winter 5097:Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas 4682: 4681: 4669: 4655: 4287: 3959: 3776:Colored dissolved organic matter 3579:Zebra mussel in Northern Ireland 3553:Species Profile - Zebra Mussel ( 1872:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01411.x 1411:10.20944/preprints202310.0535.v1 1345:World Register of Marine Species 1185: 735: 521: 266:fibers, which come out of their 73: 4121:Latin America and the Caribbean 3605:United States Geological Survey 3547:United States Geological Survey 3455: 3428: 3402: 3376: 3356: 3342: 3328: 3315: 3249:"Great Lakes: 'Amazing change'" 3241: 3229: 3204: 3167:Journal of Great Lakes Research 3157: 3135: 3077: 3051: 3040:from the original on 2024-08-20 3019: 2990: 2945: 2931: 2898: 2874: 2849: 2829: 2803: 2778: 2758: 2733: 2707: 2682: 2654: 2565: 2548: 2539: 2528:from the original on 2010-12-15 2484: 2455: 2428: 2401: 2372: 2345: 2325: 2283: 2260: 2215: 2190: 2161: 2140: 2093: 2073: 2019:Journal of Great Lakes Research 1960:Journal of Great Lakes Research 1931:Ontario Ministry of Environment 1878: 1837: 1827: 1786: 1757: 1700: 1675: 1655: 1631: 1599: 1576: 1572:. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1562: 856:in the Great Lakes region, the 586:. Zebra mussels have become an 4603:Ecological values of mangroves 4146:North Pacific Subtropical Gyre 3534:Zebra Mussel on National Atlas 3084:Torre, Melanie (2 July 2019). 3026:Barnett, Cannon (2024-08-20). 2522:Copper Development Association 1487: 1461: 1443: 1418: 1359: 963:similarly reported invasions. 836: 1: 3188:10.1016/S0380-1330(93)71251-4 1591:". In McKnight, B. N. (ed.). 1497:. Dnr.state.mn.us. 1999-08-24 1273: 1093:Arthur V. Ormond Lock on the 1052:wherever they are prevalent. 821:After working with the USGS, 748:, can be found in Lake Huron. 415:measured as the formation of 385: 343:Zebra mussels attach to most 270:on the dorsal (hinged) side. 4623:Marine conservation activism 4608:Fisheries and climate change 3110:Janega, James (2008-01-15). 2905:Stoler, Steve (2011-10-26). 1888:Reviews in Fisheries Science 1368:"Quagga & Zebra Mussels" 422: 7: 4618:Human impact on marine life 4495:Davidson Seamount § Ecology 3731:Aquatic population dynamics 2861:ND Game and Fish Department 1256: 10: 5113: 5082:Molluscs described in 1771 3595:GLANSIS Species Fact Sheet 3295:10.31857/S0044513420110070 2999:"Case Study: Zebra Mussel" 2940:Water Environment Research 2715:"Recalls & Advisories" 2380:"Zebra Mussels in Ireland" 2267:Giusti F; Oppi E (1973). " 2254:Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 2197:Walker, Tim (4 May 1991). 2048:10.1016/J.JGLR.2011.04.002 1989:10.1016/J.JGLR.2011.04.003 1663:"New Zebra Mussel Webpage" 1113:because of nonhomogeneous 1021: 777:Southeastern United States 624:Grossinger reported it in 273: 4710: 4649: 4588: 4460: 4396: 4358: 4305: 4296: 4285: 4234:Marine primary production 4186: 4182: 4169: 4128:List of marine ecoregions 4103: 3968: 3957: 3671: 3667: 3653: 3350:"What are zebra mussels?" 3063:Stop Aquatic Hitchhikers! 2968:10.1007/s00267-006-0296-5 2741:"The Zebra Mussel Threat" 2471:Northern_Ireland_Assembly 2273:Mem Mus Civ St Nat Verona 1909:10.1080/10641269709388593 1606:Sagoff, M. (2003-04-21). 1518:Amy Benson (2009-12-22). 569: 175: 168: 70:Scientific classification 68: 46: 37: 28: 23: 4480:Coastal biogeomorphology 4475:Marine coastal ecosystem 3591:summary on Zebra Mussels 3273:"Impact of Zebra Mussel 2955:Environmental Management 2388:Marine Institute Ireland 1587:, and the zebra mussel, 1585:Bythotrephes cederstoemi 1456:Slovenskej akadémie vied 663:since 1893; in southern 206:) is a small freshwater 5087:Invertebrates of Russia 4388:Paradox of the plankton 4199:Diel vertical migration 4093:Freshwater swamp forest 3811:GIS and aquatic science 3659:General components and 3567:What are Zebra Mussels? 3212:"Report at ESPN Sports" 2560:Pennsylvania Geographer 1177:Preventing their spread 1000: 959:. As recently as 2008, 957:Breckenridge, Minnesota 845:Along the shoreline of 465:It is pointed out that 419:and DNA strand breaks. 4214:Large marine ecosystem 3906:Shoaling and schooling 3389:US Fish & Wildlife 3282:Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 3007:US Department Of State 2318:10.3391/ai.2006.1.4.11 1304:: e.T155495A42428801. 1286:Van Damme, D. (2014). 1137: 1097: 1037: 1012:US Department of State 953:Wahpeton, North Dakota 849: 749: 566: 550:As an invasive species 435: 289: 282: 4633:Marine protected area 4560:Salt pannes and pools 4335:Marine larval ecology 4310:Census of Marine Life 4194:Deep scattering layer 4151:San Francisco Estuary 4116:Africa and Madagascar 3941:Underwater camouflage 3721:Aquatic biomonitoring 3661:freshwater ecosystems 3468:The Indianapolis Star 1522:. Fl.biology.usgs.gov 1458:, Bratislava, 344 pp. 1454:. VEDA vydavateľstvo 1123: 1092: 1029: 976:Western North America 844: 802:On 2 March 2021, the 743: 564:North Salem, New York 557: 511:Orconectes propinquus 430: 288: 281: 4839:Fauna Europaea (new) 4742:Dreissena polymorpha 4712:Dreissena polymorpha 4368:Marine bacteriophage 4330:Marine invertebrates 3555:Dreissena polymorpha 3541:Dreissena polymorpha 3415:US Geological Survey 3369:US Geological Survey 3275:Dreissena polymorpha 2556:Dreissena polymorpha 2294:Dreissena polymorpha 2269:Dreissena polymorpha 2224:Dreissena polymorpha 2011:...cites this study: 1927:Dreissena polymorpha 1846:Dreissena polymorpha 1796:Dreissena polymorpha 1767:Dreissena polymorpha 1709:Dreissena polymorpha 1589:Dreissena polymorpha 1547:Dreissena polymorpha 1335:Dreissena polymorpha 1290:Dreissena polymorpha 804:US Geological Survey 373:Dreissena polymorpha 203:Dreissena polymorpha 179:Dreissena polymorpha 4244:Ocean fertilization 4053:Trophic state index 4011:Lake stratification 3741:Aquatic respiration 3492:Dreissena polymopha 3180:1993JGLR...19..637N 3003:2001-2009.state.gov 2441:The_Nenagh_Guardian 2173:The Minnesota Daily 2040:2011JGLR...37...36E 2014: • 1981:2011JGLR...37....1P 1954: • 1901:1997RvFS....5...27M 1864:2005FrBio..50.1412W 1727:1991Oecol..87..208B 1520:"Zebra mussel FAQs" 1205:rewrite the content 1156:. The abundance of 766:St. Lawrence Seaway 40:Conservation status 5092:Molluscs of Europe 4510:Intertidal wetland 4505:Intertidal ecology 4373:Marine prokaryotes 4315:Deep-sea community 4209:Iron fertilization 4132:Specific examples 4058:Upland and lowland 3976:Freshwater biology 3841:Microbial food web 3751:Aquatic toxicology 3694:Aquatic adaptation 3647:Aquatic ecosystems 3435:DNR (2021-01-29). 2493:"Nuttige exoten?!" 2474:, 30 November 2023 2361:. 19 December 2011 1851:Freshwater Biology 1735:10.1007/bf00325258 1711:Pallas in lakes". 1451:Mollusca Slovenska 1138: 1098: 1038: 939:In July 2010, the 850: 785:North Platte River 750: 567: 542:, a biopesticide. 436: 347:, including sand, 290: 283: 247:Peter Simon Pallas 161:D. polymorpha 16:Species of bivalve 5059: 5058: 5018:Open Tree of Life 4704:Taxon identifiers 4695: 4694: 4676:Oceans portal 4645: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4520:Hydrothermal vent 4456: 4455: 4345:Seashore wildlife 4176:Marine ecosystems 4165: 4164: 4161: 4160: 3931:Thermal pollution 3896:Ramsar Convention 3836:Microbial ecology 3796:Fisheries science 3736:Aquatic predation 3289:(12): 1363–1374. 3033:The Seattle Times 2859:(Press release). 2842:CBC News Manitoba 2788:(Press release). 2694:Heart of Petsmart 2669:Indianapolis Star 2391:, 1 February 1998 2304:Aquatic Invasions 2257:, Suppl. 1: 1–37. 2034:(IAGLR)): 36–45. 1688:www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca 1436:978-0-520-26421-2 1246:marimo moss balls 1238: 1237: 1150:sublittoral zones 1142:Lake Pleshcheyevo 1130:Lake Pleshcheyevo 1104:in Lake Erie and 808:marimo moss balls 560:Titicus Reservoir 194: 193: 63: 5104: 5052: 5051: 5039: 5038: 5026: 5025: 5013: 5012: 5000: 4999: 4987: 4986: 4974: 4973: 4971:NBNSYS0000006809 4961: 4960: 4948: 4947: 4938: 4937: 4925: 4924: 4912: 4911: 4899: 4898: 4886: 4885: 4873: 4872: 4860: 4859: 4847: 4846: 4834: 4833: 4821: 4820: 4808: 4807: 4795: 4794: 4782: 4781: 4769: 4768: 4756: 4755: 4746: 4745: 4744: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4699: 4698: 4685: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4664: 4662:Lakes portal 4660: 4659: 4658: 4628:Marine pollution 4320:Deep-water coral 4303: 4302: 4291: 4224:Marine chemistry 4184: 4183: 4171: 4170: 4088:Freshwater marsh 3981:Freshwater biome 3963: 3679:Acoustic ecology 3669: 3668: 3655: 3654: 3640: 3633: 3626: 3617: 3616: 3513: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3474: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3449: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3422: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3332: 3326: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3120:. Archived from 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2949: 2943: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2916:. Archived from 2902: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2752: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2727: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2676: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2633: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2608:. Archived from 2596: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2569: 2563: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2514: 2503: 2502: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2467: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2449: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2422: 2417:. 2 January 2024 2405: 2399: 2398: 2397: 2396: 2384: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2300: 2292:"New records of 2287: 2281: 2280: 2264: 2258: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2184: 2175:. Archived from 2165: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2155: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2134: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2109: 2108: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2087: 2077: 2071: 2067: 2008: 1946: 1935: 1934: 1922: 1913: 1912: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1858:(8): 1412–1426. 1841: 1835: 1831: 1825: 1821: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1808: 1802:dwr.virginia.gov 1794:"Zebra Mussels ( 1790: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1780: 1771:. Archived from 1765:"Zebra Mussels ( 1761: 1755: 1754: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1694: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1649: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1625: 1619: 1612: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1557: 1556: 1540: 1531: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1515: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1481: 1465: 1459: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1397: 1382: 1381: 1379: 1378: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1313: 1283: 1233: 1230: 1224: 1189: 1188: 1181: 588:invasive species 488: 487: 483: 478: 477: 473: 216:invasive species 181: 78: 77: 57: 52: 51: 33: 21: 20: 5112: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5055: 5047: 5042: 5034: 5029: 5021: 5016: 5008: 5003: 4995: 4992:Observation.org 4990: 4982: 4977: 4969: 4964: 4956: 4951: 4943: 4941: 4933: 4928: 4920: 4915: 4907: 4902: 4894: 4889: 4881: 4876: 4868: 4863: 4855: 4850: 4842: 4837: 4829: 4824: 4816: 4811: 4803: 4798: 4790: 4785: 4777: 4772: 4764: 4759: 4751: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4706: 4696: 4691: 4668: 4667: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4637: 4598:Coral bleaching 4584: 4565:Seagrass meadow 4462:Marine habitats 4452: 4426:Coral reef fish 4392: 4378:Marine protists 4354: 4292: 4283: 4254:Ocean turbidity 4229:Marine food web 4178: 4157: 4099: 4038:River ecosystem 3991:Freshwater fish 3964: 3955: 3761:Bioluminescence 3746:Aquatic science 3663: 3649: 3644: 3520: 3486: 3484:Further reading 3481: 3472: 3470: 3462:Bowman, Sarah. 3460: 3456: 3447: 3445: 3433: 3429: 3420: 3418: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3394: 3392: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3320: 3316: 3307: 3305: 3269: 3262: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3234: 3230: 3221: 3219: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3162: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3141: 3140: 3136: 3127: 3125: 3117:Chicago Tribune 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3082: 3078: 3068: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3024: 3020: 3011: 3009: 2995: 2991: 2950: 2946: 2936: 2932: 2923: 2921: 2903: 2899: 2890: 2888: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2866: 2864: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2845:. June 5, 2017. 2835: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2818: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2795: 2793: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2750: 2748: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2725: 2723: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2699: 2697: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2674: 2672: 2661:Bowman, Sarah. 2659: 2655: 2646: 2644: 2635: 2634: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2600:"Zebra Mussels" 2598: 2597: 2590: 2581: 2579: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2531: 2529: 2516: 2515: 2506: 2489: 2485: 2477: 2475: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2447: 2445: 2444:. 15 April 2023 2434: 2433: 2429: 2420: 2418: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2392: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2364: 2362: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2298: 2288: 2284: 2265: 2261: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2220: 2216: 2195: 2191: 2182: 2180: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2153: 2151: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2132: 2130: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2106: 2104: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2074: 2070: 1975:(IAGLR)): 1–6. 1947: 1938: 1923: 1916: 1883: 1879: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1828: 1822: 1815: 1806: 1804: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1778: 1776: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1705: 1701: 1692: 1690: 1680: 1676: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1647: 1645: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1610: 1604: 1600: 1581: 1577: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1554: 1552: 1541: 1534: 1525: 1523: 1516: 1509: 1500: 1498: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1479: 1477: 1470:"Zebra Mussels" 1466: 1462: 1448: 1444: 1437: 1423: 1419: 1398: 1385: 1376: 1374: 1364: 1360: 1350: 1348: 1337:(Pallas, 1771)" 1331: 1330: 1326: 1316: 1314: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1259: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1202: 1190: 1186: 1179: 1102:smallmouth bass 1024: 1003: 921:Red River Basin 839: 738: 572: 552: 524: 491:Smallmouth bass 485: 481: 480: 475: 471: 470: 425: 407:. Exposure of 401: 388: 276: 190: 183: 177: 164: 72: 64: 53: 49: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5110: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5053: 5040: 5027: 5014: 5001: 4988: 4975: 4962: 4949: 4939: 4926: 4913: 4900: 4887: 4874: 4861: 4848: 4835: 4826:Fauna Europaea 4822: 4809: 4796: 4783: 4770: 4757: 4747: 4732: 4716: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4679: 4665: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4594: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4466: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4416:Saltwater fish 4413: 4411:Marine reptile 4408: 4402: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4383:Marine viruses 4380: 4375: 4370: 4364: 4362: 4360:Microorganisms 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4350:Wild fisheries 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4264:Thorson's rule 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4219:Marine biology 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4180: 4179: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4130: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4078:Brackish marsh 4075: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4006:Lake ecosystem 4003: 3998: 3996:Hyporheic zone 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3846:Microbial loop 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3791:Eutrophication 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3771:Cascade effect 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3699:Aquatic animal 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3665: 3664: 3651: 3650: 3643: 3642: 3635: 3628: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3607: 3598: 3592: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3550: 3539:Zebra Mussel ( 3536: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3518:External links 3516: 3515: 3514: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3479: 3454: 3427: 3401: 3375: 3355: 3341: 3327: 3314: 3260: 3240: 3236:Exotic species 3228: 3203: 3174:(4): 637–647. 3156: 3134: 3102: 3076: 3050: 3018: 2989: 2944: 2930: 2897: 2873: 2848: 2828: 2817:. May 28, 2015 2802: 2777: 2757: 2732: 2706: 2681: 2653: 2643:. 4 March 2021 2623: 2588: 2564: 2547: 2538: 2524:. 2009-07-30. 2504: 2483: 2454: 2427: 2400: 2371: 2344: 2324: 2311:(4): 281–283. 2282: 2275:(in Italian). 2259: 2237: 2234:(15): 177–178. 2214: 2189: 2160: 2150:. 28 July 2015 2139: 2113: 2092: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2012: 2009: 1952: 1951:This review... 1948: 1936: 1914: 1877: 1836: 1826: 1813: 1785: 1756: 1721:(2): 208–218. 1699: 1684:"Zebra Mussel" 1674: 1654: 1630: 1598: 1575: 1561: 1532: 1507: 1486: 1460: 1442: 1435: 1417: 1383: 1366:Hoddle, M. S. 1358: 1324: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1258: 1255: 1236: 1235: 1193: 1191: 1184: 1178: 1175: 1095:Arkansas River 1080:avian botulism 1042:filter feeders 1023: 1020: 1002: 999: 968:a drought year 913:the Berkshires 838: 835: 793:Lake Winnebago 758:Lake St. Clair 737: 734: 730:Lake Constance 653:Czech Republic 630:Cambridgeshire 571: 568: 551: 548: 523: 520: 444:Lake Constance 424: 421: 400: 397: 387: 384: 338:Lake St. Clair 298:filter-feeding 294:quagga mussels 275: 272: 236:Lake Bonaparte 192: 191: 184: 173: 172: 166: 165: 158: 156: 152: 151: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 84: 80: 79: 66: 65: 47: 44: 43: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5109: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5050: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4743: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4700: 4688: 4680: 4677: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4652: 4651: 4648: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4570:Sponge ground 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4535:Marine biomes 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4446: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4436:Demersal fish 4434: 4432: 4431:Deep-sea fish 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4406:Marine mammal 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3936:Trophic level 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3901:Sediment trap 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3876:Phytoplankton 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3726:Aquatic plant 3724: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3689:Anoxic waters 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3636: 3634: 3629: 3627: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3585:Zebra Mussels 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3543:) – FactSheet 3542: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3487: 3469: 3465: 3458: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3431: 3417: 3416: 3411: 3405: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3379: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3359: 3351: 3345: 3337: 3331: 3324: 3318: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3278: 3276: 3267: 3265: 3250: 3244: 3237: 3232: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3160: 3144: 3138: 3124:on 2012-09-28 3123: 3119: 3118: 3113: 3106: 3091: 3087: 3080: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3022: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2962:(1): 105–12. 2961: 2957: 2956: 2948: 2941: 2934: 2920:on 2012-04-24 2919: 2915: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2832: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2774:. 2009-07-13. 2773: 2772: 2771:Boston Herald 2767: 2761: 2746: 2742: 2736: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2710: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2671: 2670: 2664: 2657: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2612:on 8 May 2014 2611: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2595: 2593: 2578: 2574: 2568: 2562:45(2): 57–70. 2561: 2557: 2551: 2542: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2500: 2499: 2494: 2487: 2473: 2472: 2464: 2458: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2431: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2404: 2390: 2389: 2381: 2375: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2348: 2341:. 2011-08-04. 2340: 2339: 2334: 2328: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2297: 2295: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2263: 2256: 2255: 2250: 2241: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2218: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2202: 2193: 2179:on 2018-11-21 2178: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2149: 2143: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2117: 2103:. 3 June 2014 2102: 2096: 2082: 2076: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2028:Elsevier B.V. 2025: 2021: 2020: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1969:Elsevier B.V. 1966: 1962: 1961: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1932: 1928: 1921: 1919: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1881: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1840: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1789: 1775:on 2014-05-08 1774: 1770: 1768: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1703: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1664: 1658: 1644: 1640: 1634: 1620:on 2016-03-03 1616: 1609: 1602: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1571: 1565: 1550: 1548: 1539: 1537: 1521: 1514: 1512: 1496: 1490: 1476:on 2010-05-27 1475: 1471: 1464: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1438: 1432: 1428: 1421: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1373: 1369: 1362: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1328: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1282: 1278: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1242: 1232: 1229:February 2022 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1199: 1194:This section 1192: 1183: 1182: 1174: 1172: 1167: 1164: 1159: 1158:benthophagous 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1135: 1134:zebra mussels 1131: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1069:hydroelectric 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1036: 1035:Lake Michigan 1032: 1031:Current meter 1028: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1008: 998: 996: 992: 988: 983: 981: 977: 971: 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 937: 935: 930: 929:Lake Winnipeg 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 903:In 2009, the 901: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 848: 847:Lake Michigan 843: 834: 832: 828: 824: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 800: 796: 794: 790: 789:Lake Michigan 786: 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 747: 742: 736:North America 733: 731: 726: 723: 722:quagga mussel 719: 715: 714:cyanobacteria 711: 710:River Shannon 707: 702: 700: 699:Salford Quays 696: 695:Anglian Water 691: 689: 685: 681: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 620: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 596:Great Britain 593: 592:North America 589: 585: 581: 577: 565: 561: 556: 547: 545: 541: 536: 534: 533:Lake Winnipeg 530: 522:Other control 519: 518:the problem. 517: 513: 512: 507: 503: 499: 494: 492: 468: 463: 459: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 433: 429: 420: 418: 414: 410: 409:D. polymorpha 406: 396: 394: 383: 380: 378: 374: 370: 367:In 2012, the 365: 363: 362:River Shannon 359: 354: 350: 346: 341: 339: 335: 329: 327: 323: 322:water clarity 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 287: 280: 271: 269: 265: 260: 256: 252: 248: 243: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 204: 199: 188: 182: 180: 174: 171: 170:Binomial name 167: 163: 162: 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 145: 142: 141: 138: 135: 132: 131: 128: 125: 122: 121: 118: 115: 112: 111: 108: 105: 102: 101: 98: 95: 92: 91: 88: 85: 82: 81: 76: 71: 67: 61: 56: 55:Least Concern 45: 41: 36: 32: 27: 24:Zebra mussel 22: 19: 5077:Dreissenidae 4711: 4590:Conservation 4441:Pelagic fish 4421:Coastal fish 4325:Marine fungi 4063:Water garden 3946:Water column 3891:Productivity 3866:Pelagic zone 3826:Macrobenthos 3816:Hydrobiology 3786:Ecohydrology 3554: 3540: 3501: 3495: 3491: 3471:. Retrieved 3467: 3457: 3446:. Retrieved 3440: 3430: 3419:. Retrieved 3413: 3404: 3393:. Retrieved 3387: 3378: 3367: 3358: 3344: 3330: 3317: 3306:. Retrieved 3286: 3280: 3274: 3252:. Retrieved 3243: 3231: 3220:. Retrieved 3218:. 2005-03-16 3206: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3147:. Retrieved 3137: 3126:. Retrieved 3122:the original 3115: 3105: 3095:28 September 3093:. Retrieved 3089: 3079: 3069:27 September 3067:. Retrieved 3062: 3053: 3042:. Retrieved 3031: 3021: 3010:. Retrieved 3002: 2992: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2933: 2922:. Retrieved 2918:the original 2910: 2900: 2889:. Retrieved 2876: 2865:. Retrieved 2863:. 2010-07-01 2851: 2840: 2831: 2819:. Retrieved 2815:Winnipeg Sun 2814: 2805: 2794:. Retrieved 2792:. 2009-09-17 2780: 2769: 2760: 2749:. Retrieved 2747:. 2023-04-16 2744: 2735: 2724:. Retrieved 2718: 2709: 2698:. Retrieved 2696:. 2021-03-06 2693: 2684: 2673:. Retrieved 2666: 2656: 2645:. Retrieved 2640: 2614:. Retrieved 2610:the original 2603: 2580:. Retrieved 2576: 2567: 2555: 2550: 2541: 2530:. Retrieved 2496: 2486: 2476:, retrieved 2469: 2457: 2446:. Retrieved 2439: 2430: 2419:. Retrieved 2412: 2403: 2393:, retrieved 2386: 2374: 2363:. Retrieved 2356: 2347: 2336: 2327: 2308: 2302: 2293: 2285: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2252: 2240: 2231: 2230:(in Czech). 2227: 2223: 2217: 2208:Science News 2206: 2200: 2192: 2181:. Retrieved 2177:the original 2172: 2163: 2152:. Retrieved 2142: 2131:. Retrieved 2125: 2116: 2105:. Retrieved 2095: 2084:. Retrieved 2075: 2023: 2017: 1964: 1958: 1926: 1895:(1): 27–97. 1892: 1886: 1880: 1855: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1829: 1805:. Retrieved 1801: 1795: 1788: 1777:. Retrieved 1773:the original 1766: 1759: 1718: 1712: 1708: 1702: 1691:. Retrieved 1687: 1677: 1666:. Retrieved 1657: 1646:. Retrieved 1642: 1633: 1622:. Retrieved 1615:the original 1601: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1564: 1553:. Retrieved 1546: 1524:. Retrieved 1499:. Retrieved 1489: 1478:. Retrieved 1474:the original 1463: 1450: 1445: 1426: 1420: 1375:. Retrieved 1372:UC Riverside 1361: 1349:. Retrieved 1340: 1334: 1327: 1315:. Retrieved 1301: 1295: 1289: 1281: 1251: 1243: 1239: 1226: 1203:Please help 1195: 1168: 1154:pelagic zone 1139: 1115:water column 1106:yellow perch 1099: 1085: 1077: 1057:colonization 1055:Since their 1054: 1039: 1016: 1004: 987:Seneca River 984: 972: 965: 938: 917:Pelican Lake 902: 866:St. Lawrence 851: 820: 801: 797: 774: 756:in 1988, in 751: 745: 727: 703: 692: 677: 642: 623: 619:colonization 573: 537: 525: 509: 505: 495: 464: 460: 451: 437: 408: 402: 389: 381: 372: 366: 342: 334:yellow perch 330: 302:water column 291: 262:with strong 244: 232:Finger Lakes 224:Hudson River 202: 201: 198:zebra mussel 197: 195: 178: 176: 160: 159: 147: 137:Dreissenidae 18: 5031:SeaLifeBase 4953:NatureServe 4878:iNaturalist 4736:Wikispecies 4575:Sponge reef 4550:Rocky shore 4545:Oyster reef 4515:Kelp forest 4398:Vertebrates 4298:Marine life 4274:Viral shunt 4239:Marine snow 4141:Maharashtra 4048:Stream pool 3951:Zooplankton 3871:Photic zone 3831:Meiobenthos 3684:Algal bloom 3504:: 176–182. 3216:ESPN Sports 3197:10214/15572 2501:(in Dutch). 1317:19 November 1263:Silver carp 1213:Wikiversity 1171:flocculants 1073:cupronickel 1061:Great Lakes 1050:water shoes 995:chlorophyll 934:Grand Beach 909:Laurel Lake 858:Mississippi 854:Lake Simcoe 837:By location 754:Great Lakes 718:Lough Neagh 645:Netherlands 634:Union Canal 580:Caspian Sea 544:Niclosamide 502:Lake Simcoe 498:mortalities 326:macrophytes 314:pseudofeces 240:Lake Simcoe 228:Lake Travis 220:Great Lakes 5066:Categories 4555:Salt marsh 4490:Coral reef 4279:Whale fall 4259:Photophore 4136:Everglades 4104:Ecoregions 4043:Stream bed 4016:Macrophyte 3969:Freshwater 3801:Food chain 3714:Water bird 3473:2021-11-16 3448:2021-11-16 3421:2021-11-16 3395:2021-11-16 3308:2020-02-20 3254:2009-08-06 3222:2010-06-29 3128:2011-04-05 3090:CBS Austin 3044:2024-08-21 3012:2021-11-09 2924:2012-01-05 2891:2018-06-05 2867:2010-07-02 2796:2009-09-18 2751:2023-04-16 2726:2021-11-09 2700:2021-11-09 2675:2021-11-09 2647:2021-11-09 2582:2016-04-10 2532:2011-03-13 2498:Natuurpunt 2478:2024-09-01 2448:2024-09-01 2421:2024-09-01 2395:2024-09-01 2365:2011-12-19 2245:(in Czech) 2183:2018-11-26 2154:2017-01-29 2133:2017-06-06 2107:2014-06-04 2086:2014-06-04 1807:2021-10-28 1779:2014-05-25 1693:2024-02-11 1668:2012-10-14 1648:2023-12-11 1624:2017-02-24 1555:2014-10-20 1526:2010-06-29 1501:2010-06-29 1480:2010-06-29 1377:2010-06-29 1274:References 1221:Wikivoyage 1163:biocenosis 961:California 874:Cumberland 706:Lough Derg 684:Lake Garda 657:Elbe River 448:substratum 413:DNA damage 386:Life cycle 377:Lough Derg 345:substrates 212:introduced 4580:Tide pool 4485:Cold seep 4269:Upwelling 4033:Rheotaxis 4026:Fish pond 4001:Limnology 3926:Substrate 3911:Siltation 3781:Dead zone 3510:0332-1185 3303:229207334 2201:Dreissena 2056:0380-1330 1997:0380-1330 1714:Oecologia 1217:Wikibooks 1196:contains 1065:substrate 1018:systems. 991:watershed 980:waterways 949:Red River 936:in 2017. 882:Tennessee 690:in 2003. 649:Rotterdam 640:in 1834. 638:Edinburgh 616:monotypic 576:Black Sea 516:eradicate 450:; Werner 423:Predators 405:pollution 364:in 1997. 318:Lake Erie 155:Species: 148:Dreissena 93:Kingdom: 87:Eukaryota 4958:2.109673 4935:42428801 4896:11429350 4792:46470938 4750:BioLib: 4721:Wikidata 4687:Category 4613:HERMIONE 4530:Mangrove 4340:Seagrass 3886:Pleuston 3881:Plankton 3861:Particle 3806:Food web 3238:at PUAF. 3038:Archived 2976:17530329 2616:10 March 2526:Archived 2414:BBC News 2358:BBC News 2338:BBC News 2279:: 45–49. 2127:CBC News 2064:71053545 2005:70752621 1834:22009068 1824:26438356 1751:32529595 1743:28313837 1268:Hydrilla 1257:See also 1146:littoral 1117:mixing. 1046:detritus 951:between 925:Manitoba 894:Arkansas 890:Colorado 878:Missouri 823:PetSmart 540:zequanox 529:Manitoba 504:. Evans 467:crayfish 393:veligers 133:Family: 117:Bivalvia 107:Mollusca 103:Phylum: 97:Animalia 83:Domain: 60:IUCN 3.1 4857:2287072 4727:Q752130 4540:Mudflat 4500:Estuary 4470:Bay mud 4448:Seabird 4204:f-ratio 4187:General 4068:Wetland 3856:Neuston 3821:Hypoxia 3766:Biomass 3756:Benthos 3672:General 3176:Bibcode 2984:4647333 2821:May 28, 2226:Pall". 2036:Bibcode 1977:Bibcode 1897:Bibcode 1860:Bibcode 1723:Bibcode 1351:Feb 25, 1161:stable 1059:of the 1022:Effects 947:in the 945:veliger 816:Seattle 781:Midwest 762:ballast 746:Florida 688:Tuscany 682:was in 669:Mälaren 665:Moravia 661:Bohemia 655:in the 626:Hungary 600:Ireland 584:Eurasia 484:⁄ 474:⁄ 434:visible 417:8-oxodG 358:Ireland 353:unionid 274:Ecology 259:Dnieper 249:in the 189:, 1771) 143:Genus: 123:Order: 113:Class: 58: ( 5049:181566 5023:201843 5010:181566 4997:850614 4883:116340 4831:337878 4818:101384 4805:DREIPO 4525:Lagoon 3851:Nekton 3709:Mammal 3704:Insect 3508: 3301: 3149:Jan 5, 3065:. 2017 2982: 2974: 2228:Vesmír 2062: 2054: 2003: 1995: 1749: 1741: 1433: 1347:. 2013 1211:it to 955:, and 892:, and 862:Hudson 831:marimo 673:Sweden 612:Sweden 610:, and 570:Europe 506:et al. 456:Hagnau 452:et al. 440:Europe 432:Byssus 264:byssal 257:, and 238:, and 208:mussel 187:Pallas 5044:WoRMS 5036:48750 4984:45954 4942:NAS: 4922:81339 4909:85295 4891:IRMNG 4813:EUNIS 4779:37M79 4766:30173 3916:Spawn 3299:S2CID 2980:S2CID 2720:Petco 2466:(PDF) 2383:(PDF) 2299:(PDF) 2060:S2CID 2001:S2CID 1747:S2CID 1618:(PDF) 1611:(PDF) 1341:WoRMS 1219:, or 1110:algae 898:Texas 886:Huron 827:Petco 812:Petco 680:Italy 636:near 608:Spain 604:Italy 375:) in 310:mucus 306:feces 255:Volga 127:Myida 5005:OBIS 4979:NCBI 4930:IUCN 4917:ITIS 4865:GISD 4852:GBIF 4800:EPPO 4761:BOLD 4753:3034 4021:Pond 3506:ISSN 3151:2012 3097:2023 3071:2023 2972:PMID 2914:.com 2912:WFAA 2823:2015 2667:The 2618:2015 2577:USGS 2052:ISSN 1993:ISSN 1739:PMID 1431:ISBN 1353:2017 1319:2021 1302:2014 1209:move 1148:and 1126:fish 1001:Cost 870:Ohio 825:and 578:and 349:silt 296:are 268:umbo 251:Ural 196:The 4966:NBN 4904:ISC 4787:EoL 4774:CoL 4083:Fen 4073:Bog 3291:doi 3192:hdl 3184:doi 2964:doi 2313:doi 2044:doi 1985:doi 1905:doi 1868:doi 1731:doi 1406:doi 1306:doi 1244:If 1140:In 911:in 814:in 716:in 671:in 659:in 647:at 590:in 582:in 562:in 479:to 5068:: 5046:: 5033:: 5020:: 5007:: 4994:: 4981:: 4968:: 4955:: 4932:: 4919:: 4906:: 4893:: 4880:: 4870:50 4867:: 4854:: 4841:: 4828:: 4815:: 4802:: 4789:: 4776:: 4763:: 4738:: 4723:: 3603:, 3587:, 3549:). 3502:27 3500:. 3466:. 3439:. 3412:. 3386:. 3366:. 3297:. 3287:99 3285:. 3279:. 3263:^ 3214:. 3190:. 3182:. 3172:19 3170:. 3114:. 3088:. 3061:. 3036:. 3030:. 3005:. 3001:. 2978:. 2970:. 2960:40 2958:. 2909:. 2884:. 2839:. 2813:. 2768:. 2743:. 2717:. 2692:. 2665:. 2639:. 2626:^ 2602:. 2591:^ 2575:. 2520:. 2507:^ 2495:. 2468:, 2438:. 2411:. 2385:, 2355:. 2335:. 2307:. 2301:. 2277:20 2251:. 2232:22 2205:. 2171:. 2124:. 2058:. 2050:. 2042:. 2026:. 2024:37 2022:. 1999:. 1991:. 1983:. 1967:. 1965:37 1963:. 1939:^ 1917:^ 1903:. 1891:. 1866:. 1856:50 1854:. 1816:^ 1800:. 1798:)" 1769:)" 1745:. 1737:. 1729:. 1719:87 1717:. 1686:. 1641:. 1535:^ 1510:^ 1386:^ 1343:. 1339:. 1300:. 1294:. 1215:, 1033:, 982:. 888:, 884:, 880:, 876:, 872:, 868:, 864:, 860:, 795:. 772:. 675:. 606:, 602:, 598:, 594:, 535:. 486:16 476:32 458:. 340:. 320:, 253:, 234:, 230:, 226:, 222:, 4945:5 3639:e 3632:t 3625:v 3557:) 3512:. 3476:. 3451:. 3424:. 3398:. 3372:. 3352:. 3338:. 3311:. 3293:: 3257:. 3225:. 3200:. 3194:: 3186:: 3178:: 3153:. 3131:. 3099:. 3073:. 3047:. 3015:. 2986:. 2966:: 2927:. 2894:. 2870:. 2825:. 2799:. 2754:. 2729:. 2703:. 2678:. 2650:. 2620:. 2585:. 2535:. 2451:. 2424:. 2368:. 2321:. 2315:: 2309:1 2211:. 2199:" 2186:. 2157:. 2136:. 2110:. 2089:. 2066:. 2046:: 2038:: 2030:( 2007:. 1987:: 1979:: 1971:( 1933:. 1911:. 1907:: 1899:: 1893:5 1874:. 1870:: 1862:: 1810:. 1782:. 1753:. 1733:: 1725:: 1696:. 1671:. 1651:. 1627:. 1558:. 1549:" 1529:. 1504:. 1483:. 1439:. 1414:. 1408:: 1380:. 1355:. 1333:" 1321:. 1308:: 1292:" 1288:" 1231:) 1227:( 1223:. 1201:. 482:3 472:1 200:( 185:( 62:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index