365:
905:, avoided this problem by continuing to use hand wired chassis in all their vacuum tube equipment. Zenith kept circuit boards out of their televisions until the Chromacolor line of the early 1970s, and even then used them only with solid state components, mounting the four tubes used in the Chromacolor "4 tube hybrid" on the steel chassis. Zenith began using circuit boards in radios when they converted to solid-state in the late 1960s, but even Zenith's early transistor radios were completely hand wired with socketed transistors. Due to the use of this chassis construction (and the high quality components), Zenith televisions and radios of the 1950s to 1970s found today are often still working well, needing little work to restore them to like-new operating condition.
38:
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additional, distinctive feature—this remote control could also adjust color hues. By pressing the mute button on the remote, a relay would be activated at the television in which to transfer the VHF motor drive tuner circuit to the motorized hue control. This would allow the user to adjust the hue in increments by depressing the channel up or down buttons on the remote control, and restore the television to normal tuning operation when the mute button was pressed again (mute off).
387:
825:, used a highly directional photo flash tube in the hand held unit that was aimed at sensitive photoreceivers in the four front corners of the television cabinet. However, bright sunlight falling on the television was found to activate the controls. It is worth noting that these remote controls would activate a motor, causing the tuning dial on the television to switch by itself, and this could be used for mischief if someone else was attempting to tune the television.
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802:
375:
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Phone (which would mute and begin controlling the program audio going to the speaker). The telephone number is dialed using the numeric keys on the remote, which then displays the digits being dialed on-screen (using the on-screen display features of the System 3 line). The user could then converse with another caller hands-free, much like a regular speakerphone.
865:
have the entire round screen exposed. These sets are very desirable among television collectors. Many porthole sets used metal-cone CRTs, which are now scarce. It is not uncommon for collectors to replace a bad metal-cone tube with an all-glass tube. Zenith porthole sets came in tabletop models, stand-alone consoles and television/radio/phono combos.
833:
produced by pressing the buttons that consumers began calling remote controls "clickers". The miniaturization of electronics meant that, eventually, the sounds were produced in the remote unit electronically; however, the operating principle remained in use until the 1980s, when it was superseded by the infrared light system.
864:
In the late 1940s, Zenith entered the television market. These sets were all-round tube sets. The main feature was that the entire round screen was exposed. They were available in 12-inch, 16-inch and 19-inch sizes. Later round-tube models had a switch that would show the picture in the 4:3 ratio, or
855:
built into the television set. It used the set's speaker and remote control, in addition to a built-in microphone. A Space Phone-enabled television would connect to a telephone jack (using a built-in phone cord), and making a call was performed by pressing a button on the remote to activate the Space
524:
microchannel image tubes for the military, and many specialty tubes. The other Zenith subsidiary in
Chicago was Central Electronics, Incorporated, located at 1247 West Belmont Ave., where 100 employees made amateur radio equipment and performed auditory training. Another Central Electronics plant was
561:
ruled in favor of the defendants on Zenith's antitrust claims. Zenith's hopes to salvage a victory on the claims that the defendants violated the
Antidumping Act of 1916 ended in April 1987, when the Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal from the U.S. District Court of Appeals in Philadelphia that
494:
railroad tracks), where 2,500 workers made radio and television sets and Hi-Fi stereophonic phonographs. Plant number 2 was located at 1500 North
Kostner Ave., where 2,100 employees made government electronics, radio and television components, transistors and hearing aids. Plant number 3 was located
438:
Zenith established one of the first FM stations in the country in 1940 (Chicago's WWZR, later called WEFM, named for Zenith executive Eugene F. McDonald), which was among the earliest FM multiplex stereo stations, first broadcasting in stereo in June 1961. The station was sold in the early 1970s and
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claimed the concept was unsuccessful, Zenith itself claimed the experiment was a success. As
Phonevision broadcast films, it was seen as a potential competitor for traditional theatres. In spite of the fact that the three films initially available to the first 300 test households were more than two
832:
then suggested that ultrasonic sound be used as a trigger mechanism. This was produced in the hand held unit by mechanically struck aluminum rods of carefully constructed dimensions—a receiver in the television responded to the different frequencies this action produced. Enough audible noise was
836:
The photograph is of a Space
Command 600, which was the remote control designed for use with their color television receivers. The Space Command 600 was introduced in 1965 and this particular design was in use until the end of the 1972 model year. The Space Command 600 remote control had an
503:
A subsidiary of Zenith, the
Rauland Corporation, located at 4245 North Knox Avenue, employed 850 workers who produced television picture tubes. In the mid '60's, Rauland produced the RCA 21" round color CRT; in 1965 it added a 21" rectangular 21" color CRT. In 1966, Rauland bought the
489:
The 1962 Illinois
Manufacturers Directory (50th Anniversary edition) lists Zenith Radio Corporation as having 11,000 employees, of which at least 6,460 were employed in seven Chicago plants. The corporate office was in plant number 1, located at 6001 West Dickens Avenue (north of the
712:). Their experiment involved a descrambler box mounted on the television set, and plugged into the telephone lead. When a preannounced broadcast was ready to begin, viewers would call an operator at Zenith who would send a signal with the telephone leads to unscramble the video.
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tracks), where 300 employees made electronics and did servicing. Plant number 4 was located at 3501 West
Potomac Ave., where 60 employees handled warehousing. Plant number 5, located at 6501 West Grand Ave., employed 500-600 workers and manufactured government Hi-Fi equipment.
427:, promoting the fact that it needed no separate generator or battery, selling at US$ 59.95. The first Zenith television set appeared in 1939, with its first commercial sets sold to the public in 1948. The company is credited with having invented such things as the wireless
422:
The fledgling company soon became known for its high-quality radios and electronic innovations. Zenith introduced the first portable radio in 1924, the first mass-produced AC radio in 1926, and push-button tuning in 1927. It added automobile radios in the 1930s with its
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Act and a conspiracy they alleged violated
American antitrust laws. During the pendency of that suit, Zenith Radio Corporation encountered increasing financial difficulty as their market share progressively went to Japanese companies. Zenith joined two other U.S.
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in 1999, and in exchange for its debts, LG bought the remaining 45 percent of the company, converting about $ 200 million of debt owed to it by Zenith into common stock in the revamped company. The shares of existing stockholders were rendered worthless.
821:, Zenith President and founder, ordered his engineers to develop a wireless version, but the use of radio waves was soon discounted due to poor interference rejection inherent in 1950s radio receivers. The 1955 Flash-Matic remote system, invented by
556:
on the antitrust and antidumping claims and dismissed the lawsuits. Plaintiffs appealed, and the appellate court affirmed the summary judgment for Sears, Roebuck and Co., Motorola, Inc., and Sony. The case was appealed, and in March 1986 the
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in
October 1989 for $ 635 million. By 1990, Zenith was in trouble and looking more attractive to a hostile takeover. To avoid this, Zenith sold a five-percent stake to the Korean company GoldStar (now
817:
The original television remote control was a wired version, released in 1950, that soon attracted complaints about an unsightly length of cable from the viewer's chair to the television receiver.
661:
LG produced the Zenith DTT-900 and Zenith DTT-901 ATSC digital television converter box. LG offered some Zenith-branded plasma, LCD, and direct-view televisions through selected retail outlets.
609:. Zenith was too small to compete in the consumer electronics industry, which had become global in nature, and its high-quality products made it attractive for acquisition. Zenith filed for
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By the late 1980s, ZDS's profits were sustaining Zenith, while its television business continued to lose money. To raise money for HDTV research efforts and reduce debt, Zenith sold ZDS to
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equipment, in which high temperatures are generated that can break down boards, eventually causing the boards to crumble if one attempts to remove a tube. Zenith, and to a lesser extent
545:.—as co-plaintiffs. The NUE suit was transferred to the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and the two suits were consolidated for pretrial proceedings and trial. The suit, styled
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720:
years old, about 18 percent of Phonevision viewers had seen them at the movies, and 92 percent of Phonevision households reported that they would prefer to see films at home.
435:. For many years Zenith used the slogan "the quality goes in before the name goes on". This phrase was used by the Geo. P. Bent Piano Company of Chicago as early as 1906.
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digital stereo sound system for analog television broadcasts, used in many places around the world.) Zenith was one of the first companies to introduce a digital
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brand, which had originated in the 1970s as a brand for Zenith speakers and other audio equipment. Their profitable Network Systems division, which produced
364:
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line of televisions made from the late 1970s to the early 1990s had a feature called the Space Phone by Zenith. It was basically a hands-free
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301:(borrowed from Crown Piano maker George Bent of Chicago, used through the 1890s) was "The quality goes in before the name goes on".
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In December 1970, National Union Electric ("NUE") sued most of the Japanese television manufacturers for violation of the Anti-
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By the end of 1983, Zenith had spent millions of dollars in connection with the litigation. In 1981, the trial court entered
305:
acquired a controlling share of Zenith in 1995; Zenith became a wholly owned subsidiary in 1999. Zenith was the inventor of
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598:) as part of a technology-sharing agreement. With their analog line aging (the last major update to the line had been the
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529:, where 500 employees made radio receivers, with the total Zenith work force in Illinois being thus at least 6,960.
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chassis in 1978)), and the adoption of HDTV in the United States decades away, Zenith's prospects were poor.
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454:(MTS) stereo system used on analog television broadcasts in the United States and Canada (as opposed to the
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1962 Illinois Manufacturers Directory, Manufacturers' News, Inc., Chicago, IL., copyright 1962, p. 1311
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system with experimental Chicago station KS2XBS (originally broadcasting on Channel 2 before the
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897:. While circuit boards save time and errors in assembly, they are not well suited for use with
538:
509:
294:
285:. Zenith was previously an American brand of consumer electronics, a manufacturer of radio and
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894:
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Among Zenith's early famous products were the "Royal" series of transistor radios and the "
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8:
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Zenith was the first company to experiment with subscription television, launching their
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in the summer of 2000 and became part of Motorola BCS (Broadband Communications Sector).
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A box advertising a remote control system often referred to as "Space Command Tuning"
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Lehr, Jr., Louis A. (2013), Arnstein & Lehr, The First 120 Years, Amazon p. 80
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1351:"Converter Box — Digital TV Tuner Converter Box with Analog Pass-Through"
692:" series of shortwave portable radios, which were produced from 1942 to 1981.
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equipment. The name "Zenith" came from ZN'th, a contraction of its founders'
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Zenith is, perhaps, best known for the first practical wireless television
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During this period, some of Zenith's products were being rebadged as
474:. They were one of the first American manufacturers to market a home
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293:. After a series of layoffs, the consolidated headquarters moved to
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receivers and other consumer electronics, and was headquartered in
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In 1979, Zenith entered the computer market with the purchase of
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In 1995 LG, increased its stake to 55 percent, enough to assume
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Zenith pioneered the development of high-contrast and flat-face
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The company was co-founded by Ralph Matthews and Karl Hassel in
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upheld the ruling of the trial court in favor of the Japanese.
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and subsequently demolished in 2018 to create room for nearby
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Washington University Law Review, 58 Wash. U.L.Q. 1055 (1980)
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system implementation, parts of which were included in the
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In the late 1950s, many electronic manufacturers, such as
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455:
400:, as Chicago Radio Labs in 1918 as a small producer of
1802:
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1999
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246:
547:
In re Japanese Electric Products Antitrust Litigation
587:, having left the radio business two years earlier.
935:"Zenith Electronics LLC - Company Profile and News"
952:
950:
583:in 1984 to reflect its interests in computers and
1211:"Last U.S. TV Maker Will Sell Control to Koreans"
1045:
1043:
650:The Zenith headquarters building was occupied by
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1007:
1005:
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495:at 5801 West Dickens Ave. (also north of the
525:located at State Route 133 and Grandview in
1137:, Late Edition (East Coast), March 27, 1986
1109:, Late Edition (East Coast), March 28, 1981
999:(Antiques Electronics Supply, 1990), p.187.
762:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1817:Electronics companies of the United States
1792:American subsidiaries of foreign companies
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859:
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36:
1812:Electronics companies established in 1918
1188:"Zenith Data Systems Sold to Groupe Bull"
805:A Zenith Space Command 600 remote control
782:Learn how and when to remove this message
1797:Companies based in Lake County, Illinois
872:
808:
800:
798:, the Space Command, developed in 1956.
673:
512:for production of color CRTs. Rauland's
492:Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific
363:
1384:
1369:
1353:. Zenith. June 23, 2008. Archived from
579:(ZDS). The company changed its name to
14:
1787:American companies established in 1918
1764:
1275:"Motorola buys Zenith Network Systems"
1243:"Zenith Approves Full-Scale Revamping"
368:Zenith radio, Chicago Radio Laboratory
1822:History of radio in the United States
1430:
1208:
868:
324:Zenith-branded products were sold in
1742:
760:adding citations to reliable sources
727:
678:A Zenith Model 5-S-220 "cube" radio
549:, sought $ 900 million in damages.
664:
627:name. Certain products carried the
411:, 9ZN. They were joined in 1921 by
24:
1456:
1058:New York Times, September 21, 1974
723:
669:
559:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
1853:
1406:
1151:, Eastern Edition, April 28, 1987
706:Federal Communications Commission
486:video recorder starting in 1977.
277:technologies. It is owned by the
1741:
1728:
1727:
1209:Feder, Barnaby J. (1995-07-18).
732:
708:forced them to relinquish it to
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1772:1918 establishments in Illinois
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997:A Flick of the Switch 1930–1950
470:, starting with the 1993 model
313:, and was the first to develop
297:. For many years, their famous
56:Zenith Electronics Corporation
1249:. Bloomberg News. 1998-05-22.
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1031:
1022:
989:
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581:Zenith Electronics Corporation
13:
1:
1777:1995 mergers and acquisitions
1715:LG smartphone bootloop issues
920:
679:
452:multichannel television sound
1327:. Zenith.com. Archived from
1303:"2018: Abt's Year in Review"
573:for $ 64.5 million, forming
391:Logo used from 1954 to 1997
379:Logo used from 1923 to 1954
99:; 106 years ago
27:American electronics company
7:
1807:Consumer electronics brands
1305:. abt.com. 31 December 2018
1198:(18): 18. 13 November 1989.
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419:was incorporated in 1923.
10:
1858:
359:
315:high-definition television
1723:
1707:
1684:
1644:
1623:
1590:
1549:
1518:
1502:
1495:
1478:
1466:
1162:"Zenith Radio Buys Heath"
1092:The Philadelphia Inquirer
877:Zenith vacuum tube carton
717:Theatre Owners of America
275:digital rights management
241:
228:
218:
202:
190:digital rights management
174:
160:
143:
121:
93:
76:
66:
44:
35:
1394:"Report on Phonevision"
1168:. 1979-10-15. p. 91
845:Some models of Zenith's
267:research and development
182:Research and development
1782:Amateur radio companies
1325:"Digital TV Transition"
1148:The Wall Street Journal
915:Zenith (disambiguation)
860:The porthole television
696:Subscription television
516:, plant made flat-face
307:subscription television
263:Zenith Electronics, LLC
108:(as Chicago Radio Labs)
60:Zenith Electronics, LLC
31:Zenith Electronics, LLC
1832:Melrose Park, Illinois
895:printed circuit boards
878:
814:
806:
685:
539:Sears, Roebuck and Co.
510:Melrose Park, Illinois
369:
295:Lincolnshire, Illinois
269:company that develops
1636:Internet Digital DIOS
876:
812:
804:
677:
611:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
367:
52:Zenith Radio Company
1081:, September 30, 1974
756:improve this section
607:controlling interest
417:Zenith Radio Company
214:444.7 million (1999)
195:technology licensing
86:Technology licensing
1837:Radio manufacturers
1698:LG.Philips Displays
1496:Brands and products
1095:, December 15, 1983
995:McMahon, Morgan E.
576:Zenith Data Systems
220:Number of employees
48:Chicago Radio Labs
32:
1842:Zenith Electronics
1550:Phones and tablets
1486:Zenith Electronics
1280:The New York Times
1247:The New York Times
1215:The New York Times
1192:U-M Computing News
1134:The New York Times
1123:, December 6, 1983
1106:The New York Times
879:
869:Hand-wired chassis
819:Eugene F. McDonald
815:
807:
686:
413:Eugene F. McDonald
370:
291:Glenview, Illinois
135:Eugene F. McDonald
30:
1759:
1758:
1680:
1679:
975:"Zenith Heritage"
957:"Advertisement".
792:
791:
784:
431:and FM multiplex
398:Chicago, Illinois
265:, is an American
260:
259:
16:(Redirected from
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1751:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1624:Home electronics
1522:
1500:
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1471:
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1418:
1417:
1415:Official website
1400:
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1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
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1357:on July 28, 2012
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1340:
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1331:on July 13, 2012
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963:. December 1906.
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887:General Electric
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665:Notable products
554:summary judgment
508:cookie plant in
389:
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29:
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1380:January 8, 1951
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1120:Chicago Tribune
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1078:Chicago Tribune
1075:
1071:
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1057:
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1023:
1019:McMahon, p.187.
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978:
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960:The World Today
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911:
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843:
788:
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771:
768:
753:
737:
726:
724:Remote controls
698:
682:
672:
670:Shortwave radio
667:
656:Abt Electronics
527:Paris, Illinois
520:picture tubes,
514:Niles, Illinois
394:
393:
392:
382:
381:
380:
362:
309:and the modern
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109:
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101:
98:
89:
61:
59:
57:
55:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1855:
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1844:
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1827:LG Electronics
1824:
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1685:Joint ventures
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1493:
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1459:LG Electronics
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497:Milwaukee Road
472:Grand Alliance
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1662:Watch Urbane
1488:(since 1999)
1485:
1479:Subsidiaries
1398:June 4, 1951
1395:
1377:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:the original
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1329:the original
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1278:
1269:
1258:. Retrieved
1246:
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979:. Retrieved
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853:speakerphone
846:
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830:Robert Adler
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754:Please help
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658:to expand.
649:
641:satellite TV
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571:Schlumberger
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279:South Korean
262:
261:
149:Lincolnshire
144:Headquarters
67:Company type
18:Zenith Radio
1700:(2001–2007)
1672:Watch Sport
1667:Watch Style
1524:and tablets
1473:(1958–2002)
1283:. July 2000
899:vacuum tube
841:Space phone
702:Phonevision
683: 1937
592:Groupe Bull
458:-developed
336:(to 1983),
131:Karl Hassel
58:(1984–1999)
54:(1923–1984)
50:(1918–1923)
1766:Categories
1692:LG Display
1603:Optimus UI
1260:2023-02-24
1228:2023-02-24
921:References
715:While the
621:under the
537:companies—
450:, and the
317:(HDTV) in
287:television
162:Key people
151:, Illinois
83:Technology
71:Subsidiary
1657:G Watch R
1510:UltraFine
1287:9 January
1255:0362-4331
1223:0362-4331
981:9 January
743:does not
425:Model 460
409:call sign
406:ham radio
1735:Category
1591:Software
1541:Tab-Book
1503:Monitors
1470:GoldStar
1309:June 27,
977:. Zenith
909:See also
903:Motorola
848:System 3
645:Motorola
338:Cambodia
334:Thailand
281:company
175:Services
122:Founders
115:Illinois
77:Industry
45:Formerly
1749:Commons
1652:G Watch
1582:Optimus
1521:Laptops
1172:29 June
891:Admiral
764:removed
749:sources
710:WBBM-TV
629:Allegro
624:Admiral
600:SystemÂł
534:Dumping
506:Keebler
484:Betamax
482:-built
439:is now
360:History
354:Myanmar
346:Vietnam
330:Germany
242:Website
203:Revenue
111:Chicago
102: (
94:Founded
1708:Others
1572:Velvet
1253:
1221:
433:stereo
415:, and
352:, and
299:slogan
247:zenith
230:Parent
117:, U.S.
1631:ThinQ
1610:webOS
1536:Xnote
637:cable
569:from
518:radar
460:NICAM
350:India
1557:Cyon
1531:Gram
1396:Time
1378:Time
1363:2012
1337:2012
1311:2019
1289:2015
1251:ISSN
1219:ISSN
1174:2014
983:2015
889:and
747:any
745:cite
639:and
635:for
585:CATV
541:and
480:Sony
464:HDTV
443:.
441:WUSN
342:Laos
273:and
271:ATSC
249:.com
212:US$
188:and
186:ATSC
155:U.S.
104:1918
97:1918
1615:Pay
883:RCA
758:by
652:Aon
619:OEM
476:VCR
456:BBC
224:976
168:CEO
1768::
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1577:Vu
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779:(
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184:(
170:)
106:)
20:)
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