1195:
1455:
336:
1970:
1576:
474:
1588:
1315:
40:
929:, and the majority of airships manufactured were used by the Navy. Patrolling had priority over any other airship activity. During the war almost 1,000 missions were flown over the North Sea alone, compared with about 50 strategic bombing raids. The German Navy had some 15 Zeppelins in commission by the end of 1915 and was able to have two or more patrolling continuously at any one time. However, their operations were limited by weather conditions. On 16 February, L 3 and L 4 were lost owing to a combination of engine failure and high winds, L 3 crashing on the Danish island of
1471:
1395:, L 31, took place. The 10-Zeppelin raid achieved very little; four turned back early and the rest wandered over a fog-covered landscape before giving up. Adverse weather dispersed raids on 30–31 July and 2–3 August, and on 8–9 August nine airships attacked Hull with little effect. On 24–25 August 12 Navy Zeppelins were launched: eight turned back without attacking and only Heinrich Mathy's L 31 reached London; flying above low clouds, 36 bombs were dropped in 10 minutes on south east London. Nine people were killed, 40 injured and £130,203 of damage was caused.
205:
1920:
1005:
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Galpin and Leckie intercepted and attacked L 46. The
Germans had believed that the previous unsuccessful attacks had been made by an aircraft operating from one of the Royal Navy's seaplane carriers; now realising that there was a new threat, Strasser ordered airships patrolling in the Terschilling area to maintain an altitude of at least 4,000 m (13,000 ft), considerably reducing their effectiveness. On 21 August, L 23, patrolling off the Danish coast, was spotted by the British 3rd Light Cruiser squadron which was in the area.
695:
2059:
790:. The French also maintained a continuous patrol of two fighters over Paris at an altitude from which they could promptly attack arriving zeppelins avoiding the delay required to reach the zeppelin altitude. Two further missions were flown against Paris in January 1916: on 29 January LZ 79 killed 23 and injured another 30 but was so severely damaged by anti-aircraft fire that it crashed during the return journey. A second mission by LZ 77 the following night bombed the suburbs of Asnières and Versailles, with little effect.
382:("Steerable aircraft with several carrier bodies arranged one behind another"), an airship consisting of flexibly articulated rigid sections. The front section, containing the crew and engines, was 117.35 m (385.0 ft) long with a gas capacity of 9,514 m (336,000 cu ft). The middle section was 16 metres (52 feet 6 inches) long with an intended useful load of 599 kg (1,321 lb) and the rear section 39.93 m (131.0 ft) long with an intended load of 1,996 kg (4,400 lb).
85:
1326:
1447:
589:
518:
1851:
830:
545:
908:
2131:
398:
2514:
1751:
1338:
2225:
2024:
703:
674:(L 2) caught fire during its acceptance trials, killing the entire crew. These accidents deprived the Navy of most of its experienced personnel: the head of the Admiralty Air Department was killed in the L 1 and his successor died in the L 2. The Navy was left with three partially trained crews. The next Navy zeppelin, the M class L 3, did not enter service until May 1914: in the meantime,
778:: SL 2 was damaged by artillery fire while crossing the front and turned back but the two Zeppelins reached Paris and dropped 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) of bombs, killing only one and wounding eight. On the return journey Z X was damaged by anti-aircraft fire and was damaged beyond repair in the resulting forced landing. Three weeks later LZ 35 suffered a similar fate after bombing
1986:, the Zeppelin company had reasserted its lead in rigid airship construction, but it was not yet fully back in business. In 1926 restrictions on airship construction were relaxed, but acquiring the necessary funds for the next project proved a problem in the difficult economic situation of post–World War I Germany, and it took Eckener two years of lobbying and publicity to secure the realization of
1600:
basically a modification of the R-class, sacrificing strength and power for improved altitude. The surviving R-class
Zeppelins were adapted by removing one of the engines. The improved safety was offset by the extra strain on the airship crews caused by altitude sickness and exposure to extreme cold and operating difficulties caused by cold and unpredictable high winds encountered at altitude.
1863:
711:
reconnaissance missions. Bombing missions, especially those targeting London, captured the German public's imagination, but had little significant material success, although the
Zeppelin raids, together with the later bombing raids carried out by aeroplanes, did cause the diversion of men and equipment from the Western Front and fear of the raids had some effect on industrial production.
642:
876:, was then modified for the mission: it set off from Yambol on 21 November 1917 and nearly reached its destination, but was ordered to return by radio. Its journey covered 6,400 km (4,000 mi) and lasted 95 hours. It was then used for reconnaissance and bombing missions in the eastern Mediterranean. It flew one bombing mission against
948:'s radio signal announcing that he was engaged with the British battle cruiser squadron. Heading towards the German fleet's position, the Zeppelin was forced to climb above the cloud cover by fire from the British fleet: its commander then decided that it was his duty to cover the retreating German fleet rather than observe British movements.
2182:, the father of the post-war Zeppelin renaissance, was an outspoken anti-Nazi: complaints about the use of Zeppelins for propaganda purposes in 1936 led Goebbels to declare "Dr. Eckener has placed himself outside the pale of society. Henceforth his name is not to be mentioned in the newspapers and his photograph is not to be published".
1803:"On the coming into force of the present Treaty, all military and naval aeronautical material ... must be delivered to the Governments of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers ... In particular, this material will include all items under the following heads which are or have been in use or were designed for warlike purposes:
1495:. After receiving heavy gunfire and encountering a multitude of anti-aircraft search lights over London, Peterson decided to head up the Essex coast from Tilbury and abort the mission. Water ballast was dropped to gain altitude and L 32 climbed to 13,000 feet. Shortly afterwards at 12:45 L 32 was spotted by 2nd Lieutenant
1735:
610 m (2,000 ft) to the maximum ceiling, around 9 km/h (5.6 mph) to the top speed, and greatly increased crew comfort and hence endurance. Twenty-two P-class airships were built; the first, LZ 38, was delivered to the Army on 3 April 1915. The P class was followed by a lengthened version, the Q class.
1307:(RFC), with the Navy engaging enemy airships approaching the coast while the RFC took responsibility once the enemy had crossed the coastline. Initially the War Office had believed that the Zeppelins used a layer of inert gas to protect themselves from incendiary bullets, and favoured the use of bombs or devices like the
1230:. The Zeppelin was the target of concentrated anti-aircraft fire, but no hits were scored and the falling shrapnel caused both damage and alarm on the ground. The raid killed 22 people and injured 87. The monetary cost of the damage was over one sixth of the total damage costs inflicted by bombing raids during the war.
394:. Berg was under contract not to supply aluminium to any other airship manufacturer, and subsequently made a payment to Schwarz's widow as compensation for breaking this agreement. Schwarz's design differed fundamentally from Zeppelin's, crucially lacking the use of separate gasbags inside a rigid envelope.
1836:
A total of 84 Zeppelins were built during the war. Over 60 were lost, roughly evenly divided between accident and enemy action. 51 raids had been made on
England alone, in which 5,806 bombs were dropped, killing 557 people and injuring 1,358 while causing damage estimated at £1.5 million. It has been
1611:
On 16–17 June, another raid was attempted. Six
Zeppelins were to take part, but two were kept in their shed by high winds and another two were forced to return by engine failure. L 42 bombed Ramsgate, hitting a munitions store. The month-old L 48, the first U class Zeppelin, was forced
1102:
on 16–17 May, before returning to bomb
Southend on 26–27 May. These four raids killed six people and injured six, causing property damage estimated at £16,898. Twice Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) aircraft tried to intercept LZ 38 but on both occasions it was either able to outclimb the aircraft
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on 7 January 1915, although he excluded London as a target and further demanded that no attacks be made on historic buildings. The raids were intended to target only military sites on the east coast and around the Thames estuary, but bombing accuracy was poor owing to the height at which the airships
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machine guns during 1916. The
British had been concerned over the threat posed by Zeppelins since 1909, and attacked the Zeppelin bases early in the war. LZ 25 was destroyed in its hangar at Düsseldorf on 8 October 1914 by bombs dropped by Flt Lt Reginald Marix, RNAS, and the sheds at Cologne as
286:
several important changes had made traveling much more comfortable: the passenger space had been relocated to the interior of the framework, passenger rooms were insulated from the exterior by the dining area, and forced-warm air could be circulated from the water that cooled the forward engines. The
1730:
company. While their dirigibles were never as successful, Professor Schütte's more scientific approach to airship design led to important innovations including the streamlined hull shape, the simpler cruciform fins (replacing the more complicated box-like arrangements of older
Zeppelins), individual
1546:
The next raid came on 1 October 1916. Eleven
Zeppelins were launched at targets in the Midlands and at London. Only L 31, commanded by the experienced Heinrich Mathy making his 15th raid, reached London. As the airship neared Cheshunt at about 23:20 it was picked up by searchlights and attacked
1507:
incendiary rounds. L 32, according to witness accounts, violently turned and lost altitude, burning from both ends and along its back. The airship narrowly missed
Billericay High Street as it passed over, one witness saying the windows to her home rattled and the Zeppelin sounded like a hissing
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After three more raids were scattered by the weather, a five-Zeppelin raid was launched by the Navy on 13 October, the "Theatreland Raid." Arriving over the Norfolk coast at around 18:30, the Zeppelins encountered new ground defences installed since the September raid; these had no success, although
978:
by an H.12 flown by Lt. Galpin and Sub-Lt. Leckie, which had been alerted following interception of its radio traffic. Two abortive interceptions were made by Galpin and Leckie on 24 May and 5 June. On 14 June, L 43 was brought down by an H.12 flown by Sub Lts. Hobbs and Dickie. On the same day
564:
Z I. First flown on 16 January 1913, it was wrecked on 19 March of the same year. In April 1913 its newly built sister-ship LZ 15 (Z IV) accidentally intruded into French airspace owing to a navigational error caused by high winds and poor visibility. The commander judged it proper to
276:
Early models had a fairly small externally-mounted gondola for passengers and crew beneath the frame. This space was never heated, because fire outside of the kitchen was considered too risky, and during trips across the North Atlantic or Siberia passengers were forced to bundle in blankets and furs
1734:
The pre-war M-class designs were quickly enlarged, to produce the 163 metres (536 ft) long duralumin P-class, which increased gas capacity from 22,500 to 31,880 m (794,500 to 1,126,000 cu ft), introduced a fully enclosed gondola and had an extra engine. These modifications added
951:
In 1915, patrols were only carried out on 124 days and in other years the total was considerably less. They prevented British ships from approaching Germany, spotted when and where the British were laying mines and later aided in the destruction of those mines. Zeppelins would sometimes land on the
525:
This accident would have finished Zeppelin's experiments, but his flights had generated huge public interest and a sense of national pride regarding his work, and spontaneous donations from the public began pouring in, eventually totalling over six million marks. This enabled the Count to found the
1821:"Pending their delivery, dirigibles will, at the expense of Germany, be maintained inflated with hydrogen; the plant for the manufacture of hydrogen, as well as the sheds for dirigibles may at the discretion of the said Powers, be left to Germany until the time when the dirigibles are handed over."
1747:
halving the bomb load, removing the defensive armament and by reducing the number of engines to five. However these were not successful as bombers: the greater height at which they operated greatly hindered navigation, and their reduced power made them vulnerable to unfavorable weather conditions.
1746:
In 1917, following losses to the air defences over Britain, new designs were produced which were capable of flying at much higher altitudes, typically operating at around 6,100 m (20,000 ft). This was achieved by reducing the weight of the airship by reducing the weight of the structure,
1738:
In July 1916 Luftschiffbau Zeppelin introduced the R-class, 199.49 metres (654 feet 6 inches) long, and with a volume of 55,210 m (1,949,600 cu ft). These could carry loads of three to four tons of bombs and reach speeds of up to 103 km/h (64 mph), powered by six
1599:
To counter the increasingly effective defences new Zeppelins were introduced which had an increased operating altitude of 16,500 feet (5,000 m) and a ceiling of 21,000 feet (6,400 m). The first of these S-class Zeppelins, LZ 91 (L 42) entered service in February 1917. They were
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on 5–6 March but were forced by high winds to divert to Hull, killing 18, injuring 52 and causing £25,005 damage. At the beginning of April raids were attempted on five successive nights. Ten airships set off on 31 March: most turned back and L 15, damaged by antiaircraft fire and an aircraft
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on 15–16 June the short summer nights discouraged further raids for some months, and the remaining Army Zeppelins were reassigned to the Eastern and Balkan fronts. The Navy resumed raids on Britain in August, when three largely ineffective raids were carried out. On 10 August the antiaircraft guns
505:, first flown on 20 June 1908. On 1 July it was flown over Switzerland to Zürich and then back to Lake Constance, covering 386 km (240 mi) and reaching an altitude of 795 m (2,608 ft). An attempt to complete the 24-hour trial flight ended when LZ 4 had to make a landing at
1896:
However, in 1921 the Allied Powers demanded that these should be handed over as war reparations as compensation for the dirigibles destroyed by their crews in 1919. Germany was not allowed to construct military aircraft and only airships of less than 28,000 m (1,000,000 cu ft) were
1462:
The loss of SL 11 to the new ammunition ended the German Army's enthusiasm for raids on Britain. The German Navy remained aggressive, and another 12-Zeppelin raid was launched on 23–24 September. Eight older airships bombed targets in the Midlands and northeast, while four R-class Zeppelins
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containing whisky. Raids on 4/5 April and 5/6 April had little effect, as did a five-Zeppelin raid on 25/6 April and a raid by a single Army Zeppelin the following night. On 2/3 July a nine-Zeppelin raid against Manchester and Rosyth was largely ineffective due to weather conditions, and one was
366:
Count Zeppelin began to seriously pursue his project after his early retirement from the army in 1890 at the age of 52. Convinced of the potential importance of aviation, he started working on various designs in 1891, and had completed detailed designs by 1893. An official committee reviewed his
1941:
On 12 October at 07:30 local time the Zeppelin took off for the US under the command of Hugo Eckener. The ship completed its 8,050 kilometres (5,000 mi) voyage without any difficulties in 80 hours 45 minutes. American crowds enthusiastically celebrated the arrival, and President
1414:
The biggest raid to date was launched on 2–3 September, when twelve German Navy and four Army airships set out to bomb London. A combination of rain and snowstorms scattered the airships while they were still over the North Sea. Only one of the naval airships came within seven miles of central
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oil fields on 4 September but was wrecked on attempting to land after the mission. Its replacement, LZ 86, was damaged by anti-aircraft fire during its second attack on Bucharest on 26 September and was damaged beyond repair in the resulting forced landing, and was replaced by LZ 97.
580:
offered critical perspectives on the Zeppelin; in a September 1909 New York Times interview, Wright compared airships to steam engines nearing their developmental peak, while seeing airplanes as akin to gas engines with untapped potential for innovation.The airships did not provide a scheduled
2100:
Eckener intended to follow the successful airship with another larger Zeppelin, designated LZ 128. This was to be powered by eight engines, 232 m (761 ft) in length, with a capacity of 199,980 m (7,062,100 cu ft). However the loss of the British passenger airship
1773:
for use by dirigibles. While the zeppelin flew invisibly within or above the clouds, the car's observer would hang from a cable below the clouds, and relay navigation and bomb dropping orders. It was equipped with a wicker chair, chart table, electric lamp and compass, with telephone line and
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bought LZ 3 and LZ 5 (a sister-ship to LZ 4 which was completed in May 1909) and designated them Z I and Z II respectively. Z II was wrecked in a gale in April 1910, while Z I flew until 1913, when it was decommissioned and replaced by LZ 15, designated
1278:—then there was war in heaven. (...) I cannot get over it, that the moon is not Queen of the sky by night, and the stars the lesser lights. It seems the Zeppelin is in the zenith of the night, golden like a moon, having taken control of the sky; and the bursting shells are the lesser lights.
710:
The German airships were operated separately by the Army and Navy. When World War I broke out, the Army took over the three remaining DELAG ships. By this time, it had already decommissioned three older Zeppelins, including Z I. During the war, the Navy Zeppelins were primarily used in
1659:
There were only four raids in 1918, all against targets in the Midlands and northern England. Five Zeppelins attempted to bomb the Midlands on 12–13 March to little effect. The following night three Zeppelins set off, but two turned back because of the weather: the third bombed
681:
By the outbreak of war in August 1914, Zeppelin had started constructing the first M class airships, which had a length of 158 m (518 ft), with a volume of 22,500 cubic metres (794,500 cu ft) and a useful load of 9,100 kilograms (20,100 lb). Their three
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due to searching in the wrong frequency range. The frequencies searched were too high, an assumption based on the Germans' own radar systems. The mistaken conclusion was that the British towers were not connected with radar operations, but were for naval radio communications.
2054:
flew to Friedrichshafen, then Tokyo, Los Angeles, and back to Lakehurst, in 21 days 5 hours and 31 minutes. Including the initial and final trips between Friedrichshafen and Lakehurst and back, the dirigible had travelled 49,618 kilometres (30,831 mi).
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prohibiting the press from reporting anything about raids that was not mentioned in official statements. Only one of the 15 defensive sorties managed to make visual contact with the enemy, and one of the pilots, Flt Lieut D. M. Barnes, was killed on attempting to land.
500:
became the first truly successful Zeppelin. This renewed the interest of the German military, but a condition of purchase of an airship was a 24-hour endurance trial. This was beyond the capabilities of LZ 3, leading Zeppelin to construct his fourth design, the
1554:
For the next raid, on 27–28 November, the Zeppelins avoided London for targets in the Midlands. Again the defending aircraft were successful: L 34 was shot down over the mouth of the Tees and L 21 was attacked by two aircraft and crashed into the sea off
1731:
direct-drive engine cars, anti-aircraft machine-gun positions, and gas ventilation shafts which transferred vented hydrogen to the top of the airship. New production facilities were set up to assemble Zeppelins from components fabricated in Friedrichshafen.
1607:
attempted a daylight raid on London. They were frustrated by heavy clouds but the effort led the Kaiser to announce that airship raids on London were to stop; under pressure he later relented to allow the Zeppelins to attack under "favorable circumstances".
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Zeppelins were very difficult to attack successfully at high altitude, although this also made accurate bombing impossible. Aeroplanes struggled to reach a typical altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m), and firing the solid bullets usually used by aircraft
714:
Early offensive operations by Army airships revealed that they were extremely vulnerable to ground fire unless flown at high altitude, and several were lost. No bombs had been developed, and the early raids dropped artillery shells instead. On 5 August 1914
1012:
At the beginning of the conflict, the German command had high hopes for the airships, which were considerably more capable than contemporary light fixed-wing machines: they were almost as fast, could carry multiple machine guns, and had enormously greater
1482:
Werner Peterson of the Naval Airship Service, who had only taken command of L 32 in August 1916. L 32 approached from the south, crossing the English Channel close to Dungeness light house, passing Tunbridge Wells at 12:10 and dropping bombs on
1118:. Seven people were killed and 35 injured. 41 fires were started, burning out seven buildings and the total damage was assessed at £18,596. Aware of the problems that the Germans were experiencing in navigation, this raid caused the government to issue a
1900:
Eckener and his co-workers refused to give up and kept looking for investors and a way to circumvent Allied restrictions. Their opportunity came in 1924. The United States had started to experiment with rigid airships, constructing one of their own, the
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and several towns were bombed. A total of 61 people were reported killed and 101 injured by the raid. Despite ground fog, 22 aircraft took off to find the Zeppelins but none succeeded, and two pilots were killed when attempting to land. One airship, the
1664:, killing eight and injuring 29. A five-Zeppelin raid on 12–13 April was also largely ineffective, with thick clouds making accurate navigation impossible. However, some alarm was caused by the other two, one of which reached the east coast and bombed
2008:, the voyage taking 112 hours and setting a new endurance record for airships. Eckener and his crew, which included his son Hans, were once more welcomed enthusiastically, with confetti parades in New York and another invitation to the White House.
1628:. All were hindered by an unexpected strong headwind at altitude. L 45 was trying to reach Sheffield, but instead it dropped bombs on Northampton and London: most fell in the north-west suburbs but three 300 kg (660 lb) bombs fell in
1081:
The Kaiser authorised the bombing of the London docks on 12 February 1915, but no raids on London took place until May. Two Navy raids failed due to bad weather on 14 and 15 April, and it was decided to delay further attempts until the more capable
785:
Paris mounted a more effective defense against zeppelin raids than London. Zeppelins attacking Paris had to first fly over the system of forts between the front and the city, from which they were subjected to anti-aircraft fire with reduced risk of
1933:
Under these circumstances, Eckener managed to obtain an order for the next American dirigible. Germany had to pay for this airship itself, as the cost was set against the war reparation accounts, but for the Zeppelin company this was unimportant.
1648:; it was set on fire and the crew surrendered. L 44 was brought down by ground fire over France: L 49 and L 50 were also lost to engine failure and the weather over France. L 55 was badly damaged on landing and later scrapped.
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instead of London and causing considerable damage. On the same night an Army raid of three Zeppelins also failed because of the weather, and as the airships returned to Evere (Brussels) they ran into a counter-raid by RNAS aircraft flying from
1640:, causing most of the casualties that night. L 45 then reduced altitude to try to escape the winds but was forced back into the higher air currents by a B.E.2e. The airship then had mechanical failure in three engines and was blown over
2492:
suggested changing the spelling of "Lead" to "Led" to avoid mispronunciation. "Balloon" was replaced with "Zeppelin" as Jimmy Page saw it as a symbol of "the perfect combination of heavy and light, combustibility and grace." For the group's
2525:, a daughter enterprise of the Zeppelin conglomerate that built the original German Zeppelins, has been developing Zeppelin "New Technology" (NT) airships. These vessels are semi-rigids based partly on internal pressure, partly on a frame.
661:
to a five-year program of expansion of German naval-airship strength, involving the building of two airship bases and constructing a fleet of ten airships. The first airship of the program, L 2, was ordered on 30 January. L 1 was
1878:, who had long envisioned dirigibles as vessels of peace rather than of war, took command of the Zeppelin business, hoping to quickly resume civilian flights. Despite considerable difficulties, they completed two small passenger airships;
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also had passenger gangways leading from the ground directly into its hull which could be withdrawn entirely, ground access to the gondola, and an exterior access hatch via its electrical room; this latter was intended for crew use only.
2325:
was used for electronic scouting missions, and was equipped with various measuring equipment. In August 1939, it made a flight near the coastline of Great Britain in an attempt to determine whether the 100 metre towers erected from
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was the largest airship ever built. It had been designed to use non-flammable helium, but the only supplies of the rare gas were controlled by the United States, which refused to allow its export. The fatal decision was made to fill the
1287:
The raids continued in 1916. In December 1915, additional P class Zeppelins and the first of the new Q class airships were delivered. The Q class was an enlargement of the P class with improved ceiling and bomb-load.
1515:
The entire 22 crew were killed. Two crew members jumped rather than be burned (one was said to be Werner Peterson). The crew's bodies were kept in a barn nearby until 27 September when the Royal Flying Corps transported them to nearby
1713:
Zeppelin technology improved considerably as a result of the increasing demands of warfare. The company came under government control, and new personnel were recruited to cope with the increased demand, including the aerodynamicist
1439:, witnessed by the crews of several of the other Zeppelins and many on the ground; there were no survivors. The victory earned Leefe Robinson a Victoria Cross; the pieces of SL 11 were gathered up and sold as souvenirs by the
612:, which also had a short career, first flying on 30 March 1911 and becoming damaged beyond repair when caught by a strong cross-wind while being walked out of its shed on 16 May. The company's fortunes changed with the next ship,
604:, made its maiden voyage on 19 June 1910. On 28 June it set off on a voyage to publicise Zeppelins, carrying 19 journalists as passengers. A combination of adverse weather and engine failure brought it down at Mount Limberg near
1017:-load range and endurance. Contrary to expectation, it was not easy to ignite the hydrogen using standard bullets and shrapnel. The Allies only started to exploit the Zeppelin's great vulnerability to fire when a combination of
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argued the raids were effective far beyond material damage in diverting and hampering wartime production: one estimate is that the due to the 1915–16 raids "one sixth of the total normal output of munitions was entirely lost."
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and an army camp near Folkestone. A total of 71 people were killed and 128 injured. This was the last raid of 1915, as bad weather coincided with the new moon in both November and December 1915 and continued into January 1916.
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moved to a large Zeppelin hangar in Frankfurt, where the skeleton of LZ 131 was also located. In March 1940 Göring ordered the scrapping of the remaining airships, and on 6 May the Frankfurt hangars were demolished.
990:, and Sub-Lt. B. A. Smart succeeded in shooting the Zeppelin down in flames. The cause of the airship's loss was not discovered by the Germans, who believed the Zeppelin had been brought down by anti-aircraft fire from ships.
1999:
in honour of the Count, flew for the first time. With a total length of 236.6 metres (776 ft) and a volume of 105,000 m, it was the largest dirigible to have been built at the time. Eckener's initial purpose was to use
226:
The principal feature of the Zeppelin's design was a fabric-covered, rigid metal framework of transverse rings and longitudinal girders enclosing a number of individual gasbags. This allowed the craft to be much larger than
1311:. However, by mid-1916 an effective mixture of explosive, tracer and incendiary rounds had been developed. There were 23 airship raids in 1916, in which 125 tons of bombs were dropped, killing 293 people and injuring 691.
513:
because of mechanical problems. During the stop, a storm tore the airship away from its moorings on the afternoon of 5 August 1908. It crashed into a tree, caught fire, and quickly burnt out. No one was seriously injured.
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wreck and turned into a museum. A new intended flagship Zeppelin was completed in 1938 and, inflated with hydrogen, made some test flights (the first on 14 September), but never carried passengers. Another project,
385:
Count Zeppelin's attempts to secure government funding for his project proved unsuccessful, but a lecture given to the Union of German Engineers gained their support. Zeppelin also sought support from the industrialist
1348:
The first raid of 1916 was carried out by the German Navy. Nine Zeppelins were sent to Liverpool on the night of 31 January – 1 February. A combination of poor weather and mechanical problems scattered them across the
747:, dropping bombs near the royal palace and killing five people. A second, less effective, raid was made on the night of 1–2 September and a third on 7 October, but on 8 October Z IX was destroyed in its hangar at
469:
declined to invest more money, and so the company was liquidated, with Count von Zeppelin purchasing the ship and equipment. The Count wished to continue experimenting, but he eventually dismantled the ship in 1901.
1365:
Further raids were delayed by an extended period of poor weather and also by the withdrawal of the majority of Naval Zeppelins in an attempt to resolve the recurrent engine failures. Three Zeppelins set off to bomb
456:
The first flight took place over Lake Constance on 2 July 1900. Damaged during landing, it was repaired and modified and proved its potential in two subsequent flights made on 17 and 24 October 1900, bettering the
1463:
attacked London. L 30 did not even cross the coast, dropping its bombs at sea. L 31 approached London from the south, dropping a few bombs on the southern suburbs before crossing the Thames and bombing
1961:) after its Atlantic crossing, the airship became the most successful American airship. It operated reliably for eight years until it was retired in 1932 for economic reasons. It was dismantled in August 1940.
2244:
burst into flames, killing 35 of the 97 people on board and one member of the ground crew. The cause of the fire was never definitively determined. The investigation into the accident concluded that
1774:
lightning conductor part of the suspension cable. Although used by Army airships, they were not used by the Navy, since Strasser considered that their weight meant an unacceptable reduction in bomb load.
317:
produced by the Zeppelin facility in Friedrichshafen. The combustible Blau gas was formulated to make its weight near that of air, so that its storage and consumption had little effect on the zeppelin's
2105:
on 5 October 1930 led the Zeppelin company to reconsider the safety of hydrogen-filled vessels, and the design was abandoned in favour of a new project, LZ 129. This was intended to be filled with
1619:
After ineffective raids on the Midlands and the north of England on 21–22 August and 24–25 September, the last major Zeppelin raid of the war was launched on 19–20 October, with 13 airships heading for
2004:
for experimental and demonstration purposes to prepare the way for regular airship traveling, carrying passengers and mail to cover the costs. In October 1928 its first long-range voyage brought it to
1303:
were introduced, initially manned by police. By mid-1916, there were 271 anti-aircraft guns and 258 searchlights across England. Aerial defences against Zeppelins were divided between the RNAS and the
1274:
Then we saw the Zeppelin above us, just ahead, amid a gleaming of clouds: high up, like a bright golden finger, quite small (...) Then there was flashes near the ground—and the shaking noise. It was
1603:
The first raid of 1917 did not occur until 16–17 March: the five Zeppelins encountered very strong winds and none reached their targets. This experience was repeated on 23–24 May. Two days later 21
1539:. The airship was set alight by its crew, but inspection of the wreckage provided the British with much information about the construction of Zeppelins, which was used in the design of the British
86:
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transported an increasing volume of passengers and mail across the ocean every year until 1936. The ship made another spectacular voyage in July 1931 when it made a seven-day research trip to the
653:
ordered its first Zeppelin—an enlarged version of the airships operated by DELAG—which received the naval designation Z 1 and entered Navy service in October 1912. On 18 January 1913 Admiral
1435:, who fired three 40-round drums of Brocks and Buckingham ammunition into the airship. The third drum started a fire and the airship was quickly enveloped in flames. It fell to the ground near
1375:. The following night two Navy Zeppelins bombed targets in the north of England, killing 22 and injuring 130. On the night of 2/3 April a six-airship raid was made, targeting the naval base at
619:, which first flew on 26 June 1911 and carried 1,553 passengers in 218 flights before catching fire after a gust tore it from its mooring near Düsseldorf. Other DELAG ships included LZ 11
608:
in Lower Saxony, its hull getting stuck in trees. All passengers and crew were unhurt, except for one crew member who broke his leg when he jumped from the craft. It was replaced by LZ 8
670:
when caught in a storm while taking part in an exercise with the German fleet. 14 crew members drowned, the first fatalities in a Zeppelin accident. Less than six weeks later, on 17 October,
1782:
The German defeat also marked the end of German military dirigibles, as the victorious Allies demanded a complete abolition of German air forces and surrender of the remaining airships as
351:
on the subject of "World Postal Services and Air Travel" to outline the basic principle of his later craft in a diary entry dated 25 March 1874. It describes a large rigidly framed outer
4347:
N.A. Hydrogen key to revival of modern-day zeppelins, Winnipeg conference hears. Canadian Press, The . n.d.:Available from: Newspaper Source Plus, Ipswich, MA. Accessed 10 December 2015.
291:. On both the older and newer vessels, the external viewing windows were often open during flight. The flight altitude was so low that no pressurization of the cabins was necessary. The
1535:, where it was hit by an anti-aircraft shell, despite being at an altitude of 13,000 feet (4,000 m). As it headed towards Chelmsford it began to lose height and came down close to
91:) who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874 and developed in detail in 1893. They were patented in
2547:
with Zeppelin NTs, resurrecting their partnership that ended over 70 years ago. Goodyear placed an order for three Zeppelin NTs, which then entered service between 2014 and 2018.
2256:
Despite the obvious danger, there remained a list of 400 people who still wanted to fly as Zeppelin passengers and had paid for the trip. Their money was refunded in 1940.
189:
was originally designed to serve as a mooring mast for zeppelins and other airships, although it was found that high winds made that impossible and the plan was abandoned. The
1825:
On 23 June 1919, a week before the treaty was signed, many Zeppelin crews destroyed their airships in their halls in order to prevent delivery, following the example of the
441:, or "Zeppelin Airship") was 128 metres (420 ft) long with a hydrogen capacity of 11,000 m (400,000 cu ft), was driven by two 15 horsepower (11 kW)
243:, and two or three other metals, the exact composition of which was kept secret for years. Early Zeppelins used rubberized cotton for the gasbags, but most later craft used
1524:. Attending the scene of the crash site were the Royal Naval Intelligence, who recovered the latest secret code book which was found within the gondola of the crashed L32.
1383:
and London. None of the airships bombed their intended targets; 13 were killed, 24 injured and much of the £77,113 damage was caused by the destruction of a warehouse in
585:
in addition to their production numbers. LZ 6 first flew on 25 August 1909 and was accidentally destroyed in Baden-Oos on 14 September 1910 by a fire in its hangar.
433:). The intention behind the floating hall was to facilitate the difficult task of bringing the airship out of the hall, as it could easily be aligned with the wind. The
937:; eleven crew escaped from the forward gondola, after which the lightened airship with four crew members remaining in the aft engine car was blown out to sea and lost.
485:, some public funding, a mortgage of Count von Zeppelin's wife's estate, and a 100,000 mark contribution by Count von Zeppelin himself allowed the construction of
3842:
1551:. 2nd lieutenant Wulstan Tempest succeeded in setting fire to the airship, which came down near Potters Bar. All 19 crew died, many jumping from the burning airship.
1226:, causing a fire which despite the attendance of 22 fire engines caused over half a million pounds of damage: Mathy then turned east, dropping his remaining bombs on
4301:
1358:, came down in the North Sea because of engine failure and damage from Dutch ground-fire. Although the wreck stayed afloat for a while and was sighted by a British
774:
On 20 March 1915, temporarily forbidden from bombing London by the Kaiser, Z X (LZ 29), LZ 35 and the Schütte-Lanz airship SL 2 set off to bomb
1897:
permitted. This brought a halt to Zeppelin's plans for airship development, and the company temporarily had to resort to manufacturing aluminium cooking utensils.
572:
In 1909, Count Zeppelin founded the world's first airline, the Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft (German Airship Travel Corporation), generally known as
4171:
Raymond Quevedo (Atilla the Hun) and Hubert Raphael Charles (The Lion) to travel to New York to make recordings. From that session comes Atilla's "Graf Zeppelin,"
1885:(scrapped in July 1928), which first flew in August 1919 and in the following months transported passengers between Friedrichshafen and Berlin, and a sister-ship
6719:
1371:
attacking using Ranken darts, came down in the sea near Margate. Most of the 48 killed in the raid were victims of a single bomb which fell on an Army billet in
1580:
295:
did maintain a pressurized air-locked smoking room: no flame was allowed, but a single electric lighter was provided, which could not be removed from the room.
1126:
The first naval attempt on London took place on 4 June: strong winds caused the commander of L 9 to misjudge his position, and the bombs were dropped on
2334:
were used for aircraft radio location. Photography, radio wave interception, magnetic and radio frequency analysis were unable to detect operational British
1912:(based on the Zeppelin L 70) when the British airship programme was cancelled. However, this broke apart and caught fire during a test flight above the
2505:
in 1937, much to Countess Eva von Zeppelin's disgust. Von Zeppelin tried to sue the group for using her family name, but the case was eventually dismissed.
6830:
895:
On 5 January 1918, a fire at Ahlhorn destroyed four of the specialised double sheds along with four Zeppelins and one Schütte-Lanz. In July 1918, the
974:
entered service and launching platforms for aeroplanes were fitted to the forward turrets of some light cruisers. On 14 May, L 22 was shot down near
1242:
and the corner of Exeter and Wellington Streets, killing 17 and injuring 20. None of the other Zeppelins reached central London: bombs fell on Woolwich,
1062:
The first raid on England took place on the night of 19–20 January 1915. Two Zeppelins, L 3 and L 4, intended to attack targets near the River
940:
At this stage in the war there was no clear doctrine for the use of Naval airships. A single large Zeppelin, L 5, played an unimportant part in the
771:
on 24 September and was also used to support German army operations in East Prussia. By the end of 1914 the Army's airship strength was reduced to four.
1175:, and the entire crew was killed. Three Army airships set off to bomb London on 7–8 September, of which two succeeded: SL 2 dropped bombs between
111:(DELAG), the world's first airline in revenue service. By mid-1914, DELAG had carried over 10,000 fare-paying passengers on over 1,500 flights. During
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of the globe. The growing popularity of the "giant of the air" made it easy for Eckener to find sponsors. One of these was the American press tycoon
1583:– translated title: "In the rear engine gondola of a Zeppelin airship during the flight through enemy airspace after a successful attack on England"
723:. Flying at a relatively low altitude because of cloud cover, the airship was damaged by small-arms fire and was destroyed in a forced landing near
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on 28 December ended in failure caused by operating problems due to the extreme cold, and one of the airships was destroyed in a forced landing at
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in 1933 had important consequences for Zeppelin Luftschiffbau. Zeppelins became a propaganda tool for the new regime: they would now display the
4187:
2097:. This had already been a dream of Count von Zeppelin twenty years earlier, which could not be realized at the time due to the outbreak of war.
161:
In 1926, the restrictions on airship construction were lifted and, with the aid of donations from the public, work began on the construction of
6872:
1503:(known at the time as Sutton's Farm). As Sowrey approached he fired three drums of ammunition into the hull of L 32, including the latest
5017:
4212:
1342:
872:, a specially lengthened craft was to have flown the mission but was destroyed shortly after completion. A Zeppelin then under construction,
809:
in early 1916: a third raid on 4 May ended with it being brought down by anti-aircraft fire. The crew survived but were taken prisoner. When
683:
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3117:
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2562:
birthday celebration performing flights over Switzerland in an Edelweiss livery, and it is now used, weather permitting, on flights over
1826:
999:
124:
116:
2046:, who requested that the tour officially start in Lakehurst. As with the October 1928 flight to New York, Hearst had placed a reporter,
1411:, which reacted with the chlorate to catch fire and hence ignite the Zeppelin's hydrogen. These had become available by September 1916.
1106:
On 31 May Linnarz commanded LZ 38 on the first raid against London. In total some 120 bombs were dropped on a line stretching from
2590:
1403:
was ineffectual: they made small holes causing inconsequential gas leaks. Britain developed new bullets, the Brock containing oxidant
1218:
Heinrich Mathy reached London. The bomb-load included a 300-kilogram (660 lb) bomb, the largest yet carried. This exploded near
287:
new design did prevent passengers from enjoying the views from the windows of their berths, which had been a major attraction on the
273:
or engine cars attached outside the structural framework. Some of these could provide reverse thrust for manoeuvring while mooring.
130:
The defeat of Germany in 1918 temporarily slowed the airship business. Although DELAG established a scheduled daily service between
231:, which relied on the inflation of a single-pressure envelope to maintain their shape. The framework of most Zeppelins was made of
2237:
576:
to promote his airships, initially using LZ 6, which he had hoped to sell to the German Army. Notable aviation figures like
3616:
1454:
955:
In 1917, the Royal Navy began to take effective countermeasures against airship patrols over the North Sea. In April, the first
1559:. There were no further raids in 1916 although the Navy lost three more craft, all on 28 December: SL 12 was destroyed at
1521:
4871:
2642:
Koestler was the only journalist on board. He describes the preparations and the voyage itself in detail in his autobiography.
686:
engines produced 470 kilowatts (630 hp) each, and they could reach speeds of up to 84 kilometres per hour (52 mph).
565:
land the airship to demonstrate that the incursion was accidental, and brought the ship down on the military parade-ground at
6959:
4773:
4748:
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In Graf Zeppelin Atilla sang, "One Sunday Morning ... because the Graff Zeppelin which had come to pay a visit to Trinidad".
3839:
6939:
4564:
1194:
569:. The airship remained on the ground until the following day, permitting a detailed examination by French airship experts.
120:
1651:
There were no more raids in 1917, although the airships were not abandoned but refitted with new, more powerful, engines.
186:
6934:
6912:
Early Army designations, used pre-war. Wartime Army LZ designations were not always matched to Zeppelin's LZ hull number.
4620:
1969:
865:
2465:
2293:
and made about 30 test flights prior to the beginning of World War II. Most of those flights were carried out near the
2158:, the Minister of Propaganda, contributed two million reichsmarks towards the construction of LZ 129, and in 1935
1567:
L 24 crashed into the shed while landing: the resulting fire destroyed both L 24 and the adjacent L 17.
1171:
and Leytonstone. L 10 was destroyed a little over two weeks later: it was struck by lightning and caught fire off
421:, and construction of the first airship began in 1899 in a floating assembly-hall or hangar in the Bay of Manzell near
5018:
Die deütschen Luftstreitkräfte im Weltkriege edited by Georg Paul Neumann 1920 [German][Books google].
2447:'s father, is alive and is a wealthy inventor. They are also seen in the alternate reality 1939 plot line in the film
2077:, Brazil in May 1930, it was decided to open the first regular transatlantic airship line. This line operated between
4788:
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4700:
4685:
4635:
4605:
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4391:
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2047:
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1517:
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391:
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1797:"The armed forces of Germany must not include any military or naval air forces ... No dirigible shall be kept."
1291:
The Army took full control of ground defences in February 1916, and a variety of sub 4-inch (less than 102 mm)
1151:
for his achievement. As a consequence of the RNAS raid both the Army and Navy withdrew from their bases in Belgium.
1147:, who dropped six bombs on the airship, setting it on fire. All but one of the crew died. Warneford was awarded the
6954:
6949:
2540:
2595:
821:
on 28 August, 4 September and 25 September. LZ 86 transferred to Szentandras and made a single attack on the
5037:
4236:
2605:
2580:
2550:
Modern zeppelins are held aloft by the inert gas helium, eliminating the danger of combustion illustrated by the
1086:
were in service. The Army received the first of these, LZ 38, and Erich Linnarz commanded it on a raid over
319:
489:, which made only a single flight on 17 January 1906. After both engines failed it made a forced landing in the
6882:
4531:
1262:
Although these raids had no significant military impact, the psychological effect was considerable. The writer
1163:, and on 17–18 August L 10 became the first Navy airship to reach London. Mistaking the reservoirs of the
473:
417:
share-capital himself. Responsibility for the detail design was given to Kober, whose place was later taken by
4332:
2532:
company operated zeppelin passenger travel to California from October 2008 to November 2012 with one of these
5592:
1362:, the boat's crew refused to rescue the Zeppelin's crew because they were outnumbered, and all 16 crew died.
763:
on 22 September 1914. On the eastern front, Z V was brought down by ground fire on 28 August during the
663:
1508:
freight train. L 32 continued down Hill side and came down at Snail's Hall Farm off Green Farm Lane in
4990:
4183:
2381:
1428:
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service between cities, but generally operated pleasure cruises, carrying twenty passengers. The airships
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was turned back by high winds, and on 7 April 1918 it was on a mission to bomb the British naval base at
764:
556:
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108:
4507:
The Zeppelins. The Development of the Airship, with the Story of the Zeppelin Air Raids in the World War
2962:
2633:(1966) gives figures of 5,907 bombs dropped, 528 people killed, 1,156 wounded in 208 individual sorties.
1612:
to drop to 13,000 feet (4,000 m) where it was caught by four aircraft and destroyed, crashing near
1587:
793:
Airship operations in the Balkans started in the autumn of 1915, and an airship base was constructed at
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266:
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4960:, "Rigid airship with separate gas cells". Filed 27 November 1922; Issued August 1929. Hugo Eckener.
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and the surrounding villages, killing four and injuring 16. Material damage was estimated at £7,740.
196:
in 1937, along with political and economic developments in Germany, hastened the demise of airships.
142:
in 1919, the airships built for that service eventually had to be surrendered under the terms of the
31:
17:
4333:"Goodyear blimps to be replaced by German Zeppelins: Revival of 1930s flying Cloudbase partnership."
1520:. They were interred there until 1966, when they were reinterred at the German Military Cemetery in
1234:
the airship commanders commented on the improved defences of the city. L 15 began bombing over
1222:, destroying several houses and killing two men. More bombs fell on the textile warehouses north of
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well as the Zeppelin works in Friedrichshafen were also attacked. These raids were followed by the
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1206:
The Navy attempted to follow up the Army's success the following night. One Zeppelin targeted the
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2050:, on board: she therefore became the first woman to circumnavigate the globe by air. From there,
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2558:. Zeppelin NTs are often used for sightseeing trips; for example, D-LZZF (c/n 03) was used for
2522:
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1935:
1923:
1722:. Many of these technological advances originated from Zeppelin's only serious competitor, the
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1223:
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413:(Society for the Promotion of Airship Flight), contributing more than half of its 800,000
344:
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44:
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The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force
2778:
2020:. A second trip to the United States was aborted in France due to engine failure in May 1929.
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2005:
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347:'s interest in airship development began in 1874, when he was inspired by a lecture given by
258:
Luftschiffbau, almost all later airships changed to the more familiar streamlined shape with
39:
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on Christmas Day 1914, one of the first operations carried out by ship-launched aeroplanes.
6944:
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6744:
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2440:
2417:, Zeppelins are a notable historical idiosyncrasy that helps differentiate the series' two
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Zeppelins have been an inspiration to music, cinematography and literature. The 1930 movie
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had ignited hydrogen which had leaked from the gasbags, although there were allegations of
2193:
1994:
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and three set off to bomb London: two were forced to turn back but L 13, commanded by
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In 1917 the German High Command made an attempt to use a Zeppelin to deliver supplies to
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The first Zeppelins had long cylindrical hulls with tapered ends and complex multi-plane
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after a transatlantic flight, the tail of the ship caught fire, and within seconds, the
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Zeppelin Post Journal – Quarterly publication for Zeppelin mail and airship memorabilia
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727:. Thirteen bombs were dropped in the raid and nine civilians were killed. On 21 August
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Before World War I (1914–1918) the Zeppelin company manufactured 21 more airships. The
360:
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51:
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1993:
Another two years passed before 18 September 1928, when the new dirigible, christened
1143:. LZ 38 was destroyed on the ground and LZ 37 was intercepted in the air by
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sea next to a minesweeper, bring aboard an officer and show him the mines' locations.
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1676:. The final raid on 5 August 1918 involved four airships and resulted in the loss of
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1512:, crashing at 01:30 on farm land; the 650-foot-long airship struck a large oak tree.
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balloons in 1863 when he visited the United States as a military observer during the
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subcultural movement in broader terms. In 1989, Japanese animator Miyazaki released
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657:, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, obtained the agreement of
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that his idea to create a band would "go down like a lead balloon." Page's manager
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4497:. London: Massie, 1938 – (ASIN: B00085KPWK) ( extract pp. 155–157, 210–211).
4153:. American Folklore Society, Volume 103, Issue 409, July–September 1990: 348–352.
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engines each driving a pair of propellers mounted either side of the envelope via
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on 24 January 1915. L 5 was carrying out a routine patrol when it picked up
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and a driveshaft, and was controlled in pitch by moving a weight between its two
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from building large airships. An exception was made to allow the construction of
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4743:. Vol. III (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press.
1810:"Dirigibles able to take to the air, being manufactured, repaired or assembled."
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3224:. Philadelphia: The United Publishers of the United States and Canada. p.
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A damaged Zeppelin gondola with a collapsable boat lying nearby. September 1916
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mountains, where a storm subsequently damaged the anchored ship beyond repair.
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322:. Blau gas was used on the first zeppelin voyage to America, starting in 1929.
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1050:, supplemented by a radio direction-finding system of limited accuracy. After
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2314:
2310:
2253:. 13 passengers and 22 crew, including Ernst Lehmann, were killed.
2163:
1889:, {Scrapped September 1926} which was intended for use on a regular route to
1719:
1420:
1296:
1275:
1235:
1035:
899:
conducted by the RAF and Royal Navy, destroyed two Zeppelins in their sheds.
624:
544:
502:
497:
486:
434:
368:
305:
s gondola was accessed while the vessel was on the ground, via gangways. The
96:
92:
67:
4921:, "Method of destroying aircraft", Filed 11 April 1916. Joseph A. Steinmetz.
907:
748:
6851:
6846:
6467:
5005:
Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH – The original company, now developing the
4971:
4947:, "Airship". Filed 19 August 1922; Issued 20 November 1923. Julius Erhardt.
4781:
Battlebags: British Airships of the First World War: An Illustrated History
3621:
2473:
2318:
2179:
2151:
1875:
1691:. Crossing the North Sea during daylight, the airship was intercepted by a
1637:
1415:
London, and both damage and casualties were slight. The newly commissioned
1380:
1355:
1341:
Section of girder from a Zeppelin shot down in England in 1916. Now at the
1211:
975:
960:
912:
896:
461:( 21.6 km/h (13.4 mph) ) velocity attained by the French airship
414:
378:
Lenkbares Luftfahrzeug mit mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Tragkörpern
2554:. It has been proposed that modern zeppelins could be powered by hydrogen
2130:
805:
government. This base was also used by LZ 85 to conduct two raids on
794:
566:
352:
168:. That revived the company's fortunes and, during the 1930s, the airships
6372:
6078:
5283:
5275:
5224:
5012:
4524:
The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social and Military History
2533:
2384:
recorded "Graf Zeppelin", commemorating the airship's visit to Trinidad.
2377:
1947:
1424:
1372:
1308:
1300:
1168:
1159:
had their first success, causing L 12 to come down into the sea off
1115:
1054:
became widespread, many bombs fell at random on uninhabited countryside.
987:
635:
466:
367:
plans in 1894, and he received a patent, granted on 31 August 1895, with
270:
112:
1423:
while approaching London: it was picked up by searchlights as it bombed
1391:
On 28–29 July, the first raid to include one of the new and much larger
822:
638:
in August 1914, 1588 flights had carried 10,197 fare-paying passengers.
397:
99:
in 1899. After the outstanding success of the Zeppelin design, the word
6698:
2513:
2502:
2485:
2477:
2444:
2423:
2395:
fiction. They feature prominently in the popular fantasy novels of the
2335:
2331:
2327:
2143:
1909:
1829:
two days earlier. The remaining dirigibles were transferred to France,
1770:
1755:
1750:
1715:
1695:
1673:
1661:
1633:
1629:
1604:
1408:
1337:
1164:
1103:
or was already at too great an altitude for the aircraft to intercept.
1071:
926:
779:
735:
were damaged by ground fire while supporting German army operations in
667:
446:
4166:
2463:, which features a Zeppelin as a plot element. A Zeppelin was used in
4972:
How did London civilians respond to the German airship raids of 1915?
2555:
2454:
2345:
After the beginning of the Second World War on 1 September, the
2321:
naval airbase and forced to leave Polish airspace. During this time,
2289:
2224:
2174:
2107:
2078:
1890:
1790:
contained the following articles dealing explicitly with dirigibles:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1556:
1528:
1484:
1440:
1400:
1319:
1247:
1243:
1176:
1160:
922:
854:
818:
605:
593:
510:
259:
236:
232:
5022:
2651:
Other versions have said The Who bassist Entwistle made the comment.
1450:
British propaganda postcard, entitled "The End of the 'Baby-Killer'"
1046:
flew and navigation was problematic. The airships relied largely on
490:
390:, then engaged in construction work on the second airship design of
5065:
4383:
4158:
2250:
2210:
2154:
to play march music and propaganda speeches to the people. In 1934
1723:
1669:
1645:
1492:
1255:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1155:
1130:. L 9 was also diverted by the weather on 6–7 June, attacking
1119:
1099:
1091:
806:
355:
containing several separate gasbags. He had previously encountered
314:
313:
On some long-distance zeppelins, engines were powered by a special
209:
4999:
4796:
2073:
undertook trips around Europe, and following a successful tour to
1862:
1563:
by strong winds after sustaining damage in a poor landing, and at
1008:
British First World War poster of a Zeppelin above London at night
720:
4988:
eZEP.de – The webportal for Zeppelin mail and airship memorabilia
4286:
3972:
Volume 129, 7 September 1921, pp. 14–15. Retrieved: 30 July 2009.
2481:
2023:
1740:
1698:
1564:
1560:
1488:
1436:
1292:
1251:
1207:
1140:
1111:
1087:
1066:
but, diverted by strong winds, eventually dropped their bombs on
760:
744:
702:
482:
450:
218:
104:
4987:
4186:. Trinidad & Tobago Entertainment Company. 27 October 2010.
1874:
Count von Zeppelin had died in 1917, before the end of the war.
930:
254:. During World War I, following the lead of the rival firm
4626:
Tilford, Earl H. Jr. (1996). "Air Warfare: Strategic Bombing".
4016:. No. 45002. London. 19 September 1928. col F, p. 14.
2563:
2436:
2373:
2281:, never progressed beyond the production of a few ring frames.
2110:
2094:
2074:
1913:
1464:
1376:
1367:
1136:
1063:
877:
814:
813:
entered the war in August 1916, LZ 101 was transferred to
768:
736:
496:
Incorporating all the usable parts of LZ 2, its successor
240:
135:
131:
5004:
4908:, "Navigable balloon". 14 March 1899. Ferdinand Graf Zeppelin.
6239:
6107:
5407:
4263:"The Danish countess who made Led Zeppelin change their name"
4031:. No. 45025. London. 16 October 1928. col A, p. 16.
4001:. No. 43784. London. 16 October 1924. col E, p. 14.
3744:
2873:"Die Ausführung des Zeppelin'schen Luftschiffes" (in German).
2544:
2338:
1665:
1595:, London, to 21 civilians killed by Zeppelin bombings in 1917
1384:
1095:
850:
833:
Wreckage of Zeppelin L31 shot down over England 23 Sept 1916.
798:
775:
573:
4872:"Zeppelin Exhibition – An Online Exhibition About Zeppelins"
3243:. No. 41078. London. 1 February 1916. col A, p. 8.
1687:, head of the Imperial German Naval Airship Service and the
1388:
forced to land in neutral Denmark, its crew being interned.
797:. In November 1915, LZ 81 was used to fly diplomats to
6141:
5133:
5117:
5112:
4982:
4934:, "Light weight girder". Filed 28 June 1920. Karl Arnstein.
4628:
The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
3986:. No. 43743. London. 29 August 1924. col A, p. 9.
2102:
1769:
and Baron Gemmingen, Count Zeppelin's nephew, developed an
1014:
921:
The main use of the airship was in reconnaissance over the
881:
724:
4522:
Madison, Rodney (2005). "Air Warfare, Strategic Bombing".
3009:
1816:"Dirigible sheds and shelters of every kind for aircraft."
1187:
before heading on to London and dropping a single bomb on
298:
Access to Zeppelins was achieved in a number of ways. The
4983:
Airships.net – Illustrated history of passenger Zeppelins
3055:. No. 39587. London. 17 May 1911. col E, p. 10.
3040:. No. 39312. London. 30 June 1910. col D, p. 8.
2986:. No. 40178. London. 5 April 1913. col B, p. 8.
2714:
1499:
of the Royal Flying Corps, who had taken off from nearby
841:
in December 1916. Two Navy zeppelins were transferred to
837:
At the instigation of the Kaiser a plan was made to bomb
739:, and Z VIII was lost. On the night of 24/25 August
251:
222:
cells. The full-resolution picture labels more internals.
158:, the order for which saved the company from extinction.
4526:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 45–46.
3190:
3178:
2469:, when Jones and his father try to escape from Germany.
2305:, then in the Baltic Sea region. During one such flight
641:
265:
Zeppelins were propelled by several internal combustion
103:
came to be commonly used to refer to all forms of rigid
4317:"Goodyear and Zeppelin: Together again after 70 Years."
3091:
3089:
2995:
2993:
4678:: The Navy's Venerable Airship and Aviation Technology
4466:"The Development of Material-Adapted Structural Form."
3163:
p.175. Tuchman implies it was the first ever air raid.
2878:
Issue 22, 3 June 1898, p. 6. Retrieved: 11 March 2012.
2085:, with a stop in Recife. Despite the beginning of the
1680:
and the death of its entire crew under the command of
115:, the German military made extensive use of Zeppelins
4302:"The Zeppelin returns to L.A. skies, after 80 years."
3689:"Leefe Robinson: The man who shot down a Baby Killer"
2815:
107:. Zeppelins were first flown commercially in 1910 by
3086:
2990:
2439:
crashes in an alternate reality where Britain is a '
1041:
Airship raids on Great Britain were approved by the
2629:The figures given total 54. While A. Whitehouse in
993:
767:; most of the crew were captured. Z IV bombed
4292:Sunday, 13 January 2013. Retrieved: 28 April 2013.
2089:and growing competition from fixed-wing aircraft,
1957:and refilled with helium (partly sourced from the
401:The first flight of LZ 1 over Lake Constance (the
4500:
4450:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
4237:"The Truth About How Led Zeppelin Got Their Name"
2543:announced that they would replace their fleet of
933:without loss of life and L 4 coming down at
759:. The RNAS had also bombed the Zeppelin bases in
477:Zeppelin LZ 4 with its multiple stabilizers, 1908
6921:
4542:Giants in the Sky: History of the Rigid Airship.
2708:
2497:, Page suggested the group use a picture of the
2217:was used on the transatlantic service alongside
2116:
1950:, calling the new Zeppelin an "angel of peace".
5013:Dark Autumn: The 1916 German Zeppelin Offensive
4797:Danish Post & Tele Museum Zeppelin articles
4510:. trans. Mingos, Howard. New York: J. H. Sears.
4287:"AIRSHIP VENTURES HAS CEASED FLIGHT OPERATIONS"
1668:, believing it was Sheffield: the other bombed
4559:Henley-on-Thames, UK: Foulis, 1971 (3rd ed.).
185:from Germany to North America and Brazil. The
5038:
4307:24 November 2009. Retrieved: 21 January 2010.
4213:"Pinkner and Wyman: the Evil Geniuses behind
3840:Gefahren und Strapazen der Luftschiffeinsätze
3754:, New York: Ace Books, 1966, no ISBN, p. 182.
3532:
2780:Zeppelin!: Germany and the Airship, 1900–1939
532:(Airship Construction Zeppelin Ltd.) and the
411:Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Luftschiffahrt
4448:Zeppelin! Germany and the Airship, 1900–1939
4205:
3849:, upper platforms with machine-gun positions
3252:
3250:
3171:
3169:
3127:
3125:
3010:""WIRIGHT SEES NO HOPE IN ZEPPELIN AIRSHIP""
2897:
2895:
2893:
2764:"The Hindenburg's Interior: Passenger Decks"
2372:, features an unsuccessful Zeppelin raid on
1427:and at around 02:15 it was intercepted by a
1154:After an ineffective attack by L 10 on
376:
277:to keep warm and were often miserably cold.
199:
4977:Zeppelin NT in the World and Technical Data
4768:. London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1992.
4710:. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 2004.
4680:. Sterling, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2003.
4630:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 13–15.
4491:Eckener, Hugo, translated by Leigh Fanell.
4380:Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia.
4367:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University, 2000.
3617:"Lost Edinburgh: Zeppelin Air Raid of 1916"
3424:
3284:
3282:
3280:
1827:Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow
1000:German strategic bombing during World War I
5045:
5031:
4414:The Air Defence of Great Britain 1914–1918
2957:
2955:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2827:
2591:List of airships of the United States Navy
2453:, and have an iconic association with the
2411:. In the American science fiction series,
2038:departed for another daring enterprise: a
1527:L 33 dropped a few incendiaries over
902:
4880:"The Goldbeater, the Cow and the Airship"
4613:Airship: Design, Development and Disaster
4486:25 Years of Zeppelin Airship Construction
3982:"U.S. Zeppelin on Trial". News in Brief.
3247:
3166:
3122:
2890:
2664:
1938:made its first flight on 27 August 1924.
1708:
967:, and in July 1917, the aircraft carrier
880:on 10–11 March 1918. A planned attack on
678:was hired from DELAG as a training ship.
4877:
4477:École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
4338:4 May 2011. Retrieved: 26 February 2012.
4322:3 May 2011. Retrieved: 26 February 2012.
3897:
3277:
2761:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2512:
2223:
2129:
2057:
2022:
1968:
1918:
1861:
1849:
1813:"Plant for the manufacture of hydrogen."
1749:
1586:
1574:
1469:
1467:, killing eight people and injuring 30.
1453:
1445:
1336:
1324:
1313:
1193:
1167:for the Thames, it dropped its bombs on
1003:
906:
828:
706:Crater of a Zeppelin bomb in Paris, 1916
701:
693:
640:
587:
543:
516:
472:
396:
334:
203:
38:
4854:
4837:
4820:
4804:Gøricke, Jan Hybertz (1 January 2006).
4803:
4625:
4521:
4445:
4365:The Selected Letters of D. H. Lawrence.
3914:
3196:
3184:
2952:
2833:
2821:
2770:
2313:, where it was intercepted by a Polish
1916:on 23 August 1921, killing 44 crewmen.
857:. The plan was subsequently abandoned.
14:
6922:
4412:Cole, Christopher and Cheesman, E. F.
4234:
4230:
4228:
4145:Cohen, Norm. "Review: Foreign Music".
3614:
3036:"The Wreck of the Deutschland". News.
2857:
2848:
2743:"A New Generation of Airships Is Born"
2357:
2162:established a new airline directed by
2081:and Recife, and was later extended to
1094:on 9–10 May. LZ 38 also attacked
1090:on 29–30 April and another, attacking
5052:
5026:
4736:
4721:Griehl, Manfred and Joachim Dressel.
4570:
4516:A History of the World War 1914–1918.
4222:20 May 2010. Retrieved: 17 June 2011.
3826:
3217:
2982:"The German Airship Incident". News.
2797:
2685:
2673:
2450:Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow
2236:On 6 May 1937, while landing in
1443:to raise money for wounded soldiers.
1183:: LZ 74 scattered 39 bombs over
1025:explosive ammunition with Buckingham
689:
539:
78:
4855:Iwersen, Malene (1 September 2005).
4598:Zeppelins: German Airships, 1900–40.
4544:Henley-on-Thames, UK: Foulis, 1973.
4495:Count Zeppelin: The Man and His Work
4399:London 1914–17: The Zeppelin Menace.
4260:
4190:from the original on 4 February 2013
3112:
3110:
2776:
2715:China Williams; Becca Blond (2004).
2150:on their fins and occasionally tour
1946:invited Eckener and his crew to the
1840:
1765:At the beginning of the war Captain
698:A German zeppelin bombs Liège in WWI
600:The second DELAG airship, LZ 7
481:Donations, the profits of a special
409:In 1898, Count Zeppelin founded the
4783:. London: Sutton Publishing, 1995.
4725:. London: Arms & Armour, 1990.
4225:
3364:. Flight Aircraft Engineer Magazine
2309:crossed the Polish border near the
24:
4874:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark.
4838:Iwersen, Malene (1 January 2006).
4723:Zeppelin! The German Airship Story
4708:Zeppelin: Rigid Airships 1893–1940
4693:Hindenburg: An Illustrated History
4691:Archbold, Rich and Ken Marschall.
4665:
3430:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 51–55.
2466:Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
2271:, designed to be even larger than
2178:to take over Zeppelin operations.
2012:toured Germany and visited Italy,
1266:described one raid in a letter to
371:producing the technical drawings.
187:spire of the Empire State Building
25:
6971:
4965:
4859:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark
4842:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark
4825:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark
4821:Iwersen, Malene (1 August 2006).
4808:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark
4184:"By Calypso Our Stories Are Told"
4144:
3799:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 345-6
3651:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 132–4
3587:Cole and Cheeseman 1984, pp118–20
3551:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 83–5.
3439:Cole and Cheesman, 1984, pp. 56-8
3384:British Naval Aircraft since 1912
3107:
3051:"German Airship Disaster". News.
2213:. Apart from propaganda flights,
2048:Grace Marguerite Hay Drummond-Hay
1777:
1407:, and the Buckingham filled with
1329:Zeppelin bomb, on display at the
892:, with the loss of all its crew.
596:commemorating the 1910 LZ 7 crash
4695:. New York: Warner Books, 1994.
4518:London: Faber & Faber, 1934.
4341:
4325:
4310:
4295:
4280:
4254:
4176:
4138:
4129:
4120:
4111:
4102:
4093:
4084:
4075:
4066:
4053:
4044:
4035:
4020:
4005:
3997:"U.S. Zeppelin on Trial". News.
3990:
3975:
3956:
3947:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3908:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3832:
3820:
3741:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp.180–1
3723:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp.167–8
3386:. London: Putnam, 4th ed, 1978.
2705:Cole and Cheeseman 1984, p. 449.
2645:
2636:
2623:
2387:Zeppelins are often featured in
2262:was retired one month after the
1833:, Britain, and Belgium in 1920.
994:Bombing campaign against Britain
849:. A preliminary attempt to bomb
465:. Despite this performance, the
330:
70:named after the German inventor
54:airship built in Germany by the
4857:"There is Something in the Air"
4806:"An Airborne Telegraph Station"
4593:, Lulu online publishing, 2017.
4488:, Lulu online publishing, 2013.
4353:
4235:Grimes, A. C. (31 March 2020).
4099:Robinson 1973, pp 291-294.
3811:
3802:
3793:
3784:
3781:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 198.
3775:
3766:
3757:
3735:
3726:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3681:
3672:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3615:McLean, David (14 April 2014).
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3563:
3554:
3545:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3469:
3460:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3415:
3406:
3397:
3376:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3293:
3268:
3259:
3232:
3211:
3202:
3134:
3098:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3044:
3029:
3020:
3016:. 5 September 1909. p. 21.
3002:
2975:
2943:
2934:
2881:
2866:
2839:
2806:
2606:Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen
2581:Buoyancy compensator (aviation)
2062:US Air Mail 1930 picturing the
1953:Given the designation ZR-3 USS
1238:, the first bombs striking the
4261:Kemp, Sam (21 February 2022).
3962:Driggs, Laurence La Tourette.
3669:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 145
3642:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 124
3412:Cole and Cheesman, 1984, p. 24
3239:"Air Raids Again". Editorial.
2755:
2735:
2699:
2138:: note swastikas on tail fins.
1845:
1644:, eventually coming down near
374:Zeppelin's patent described a
13:
1:
4878:Steadman, Mark (1 May 2006).
4434:London: Paragon House, 1991.
4027:"The Zeppelin Flight". News.
3903:
3678:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p.149
3596:Cole and Cheesman 1984 p. 122
3520:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 73
3475:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 68
2721:. Lonely Planet. p. 86.
2611:
2596:List of Schütte-Lanz airships
2508:
2200:) made its first flight. The
1964:
1318:Zeppelin memorial flagstone,
1198:A commemorative plaque at 61
888:when it caught fire over the
127:resulted in over 500 deaths.
6960:20th-century German aviation
4147:Journal of American Folklore
3926:Robinson 1971, pp. 68-9 (fn)
3732:Cole and Cheesman, pp. 174–6
3448:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p.60
3288:
3147:, 1962 edition published by
2658:
1343:National Physical Laboratory
123:. Numerous bombing raids on
7:
6940:Vehicles introduced in 1900
4979:(archived 20 December 2008)
4575:. London: Neil Richardson.
4571:Smith, Peter J. C. (1991).
4446:de Syon, Guillaume (2001).
4382:Santa Barbara, California:
4135:Robinson 1973, p. 296.
3790:Cole and Cheesman, pp 250-4
2901:
2777:Syon, Guillaume de (2007).
2569:
2472:In 1968, English rock band
2380:. In 1934, the calypsonian
2142:The coming to power of the
1705:, and shot down in flames.
1474:L32 Great Burstead Memorial
634:(1913). By the outbreak of
529:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH
216:, the magenta elements are
109:Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-AG
58:(Zeppelin Airship Company)
10:
6976:
6935:Brands that became generic
4896:
4600:Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2004.
4401:Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2008.
4126:Robinson 1973, p. 295
4117:Robinson 1974, p. 295
4108:Robinson 1974, p. 294
4090:Robinson 1973, p. 285
4081:Robinson 1973, p. 282
4012:"Largest Zeppelin". News.
3964:"The Fall Of The Airship."
3578:Cole and Cheeseman, p. 110
3466:Cole and Cheesman pp. 64-7
3218:March, Francis A. (1919).
2783:. JHU Press. p. 130.
2670:Eckener 1938, pp. 155–157.
2169:Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei
2123:
1739:240 hp (180 kW)
1672:in the belief that it was
997:
957:Curtiss H.12 Large America
801:for negotiations with the
325:
29:
6910:
6865:
6839:
6783:
6707:
6694:
6358:
6220:
6132:
6015:
6006:
5976:
5935:
5909:
5888:
5827:
5791:
5770:
5749:
5651:
5578:
5455:
5434:
5416:
5345:
5324:
5306:
5292:
5274:
5233:
5212:
5186:
5165:
5147:
5126:
5105:
5087:
5074:
5061:
4573:Zeppelins over Lancashire
4432:Zeppelins of World War I.
3935:Liddell Hart 1934, p. 76.
3867:Robinson 1973, pp. 95-100
3838:University of Constance.
3817:Robinson 1971, pp. 308-13
3660:Cole and Cheesman, p. 139
3569:Robinson 1971, pp. 129–30
3274:Robinson 1971, pp. 248-53
1478:L 32 was piloted by
1331:National Museum of Flight
942:Battle of the Dogger Bank
200:Principal characteristics
32:Zeppelin (disambiguation)
4993:12 November 2014 at the
4882:. Post & Tele Museum
4840:"The Airship is Coming!"
4766:The Deltoid Pumpkin Seed
4615:. London: Conway, 2012.
4416:. London: Putnam, 1984.
4378:Boyne, Walter J. et al.
3944:Robinson 1973, pp. 257-8
3858:Robinson 1973, pp. 89-90
3355:"The Brock Bullet Claim"
3344:Robinson 1971, pp. 243–4
3326:Robinson 1971, pp. 233-5
3221:History of the World War
2971:: 1076. 30 October 1914.
2616:
2429:The Rise of the Cybermen
2349:ordered LZ 127 and
1718:and the stress engineer
1228:Liverpool Street station
1189:Fenchurch Street station
146:, which also prohibited
6955:20th century in Germany
6950:Aviation in World War I
4557:The Zeppelin in Combat.
3894:Robinson 1973, pp. 93-4
3885:Robinson 1973, pp.127–8
3403:Robinson 1971, pp. 55-6
3308:Robinson 1971, pp. 81-2
3299:Robinson 1971, pp. 83-4
2495:self-titled debut album
2476:chose their name after
2460:Kiki's Delivery Service
2069:In the following year,
2044:William Randolph Hearst
1929:over southern Manhattan
1654:
1593:Camberwell Old Cemetery
1570:
1547:by three aircraft from
1419:dropped a few bombs on
1417:Schütte-Lanz SL 11
1295:guns were converted to
1282:
1057:
911:A Zeppelin flying over
903:1914–1918 naval patrols
4737:Jones, H. A. (2009) .
4589:Schiller, Hans von. –
4050:Swinfield 2012, p. 239
3904:Lehmann, The Zeppelins
3876:Robinson 1973, pp335–6
3705:Robinson 1971 pp 172–9
3542:5 February 1916, p. 7.
3538:"Damage in the Raid."
3529:Boulton, 2000, p. 106.
3484:Robinson 1971, p. 384.
3175:Robinson 1973, pp.86-7
3104:Robinson 1971, p. 378.
2863:Dooley 2004, p. A.191.
2854:Dooley 2004, p. A.193.
2803:Dooley 2004, p. A.183.
2762:Grossman, Dan (2009).
2696:Dooley 2004, p. A.190.
2682:Dooley 2004, p. A.187.
2586:Lane hydrogen producer
2523:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin
2518:
2233:
2139:
2066:
2031:
1979:
1930:
1871:
1859:
1762:
1709:Technological progress
1689:Führer der Luftschiffe
1596:
1584:
1475:
1459:
1451:
1433:William Leefe Robinson
1345:
1334:
1322:
1280:
1203:
1114:and then north toward
1009:
918:
834:
707:
699:
649:On 24 April 1912, the
646:
630:(1912) and LZ 17
597:
552:
522:
478:
406:
377:
345:Ferdinand von Zeppelin
340:
339:Ferdinand von Zeppelin
247:made from cattle gut.
223:
208:The pink ovals depict
174:, and the even larger
72:Ferdinand von Zeppelin
59:
56:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin
6883:Fliegende Panzerfaust
6840:Zeppelin Flugzeugebau
4905:U.S. patent 0,621,195
4823:"Fascination goes on"
4596:Stephenson, Charles.
4555:Robinson, Douglas H.
4540:Robinson, Douglas H.
4072:Robinson 1973, p. 283
4041:Swinfield 2012, p.237
3953:Robinson 1973, p. 259
3808:Robinson 1971, p. 308
3763:Robinson 1971, p. 389
3752:The Zeppelin Fighters
3714:Robinson 1971, p. 179
3560:Robinson 1971, p. 128
3511:Robinson 1971, p. 117
3265:Robinson 1973, p. 126
3256:Robinson 1973, p. 113
3151:, 1980 p.b. edition,
3065:Robinson 1973, p. 331
3026:Robinson 1973, p. 57.
2845:Robinson 1973 pp.15-6
2631:The Zeppelin Fighters
2516:
2297:border, first in the
2285:Graf Zeppelin II
2278:Graf Zeppelin II
2227:
2185:On 4 March 1936
2172:, as a subsidiary of
2133:
2061:
2026:
1982:With the delivery of
1972:
1922:
1865:
1853:
1753:
1590:
1578:
1518:Great Burstead Church
1491:before crossing over
1473:
1457:
1449:
1340:
1328:
1317:
1272:
1268:Lady Ottoline Morrell
1197:
1027:incendiary ammunition
1007:
998:Further information:
910:
832:
705:
697:
644:
591:
547:
521:Wreckage of LZ 4
520:
476:
400:
338:
207:
183:transatlantic flights
80:[ˈt͡sɛpəliːn]
76:German pronunciation:
42:
4672:Althoff, William F.
4514:Liddell Hart, B. H.
3772:Robinson 1971, p.208
3605:Robinson 1971 p. 137
3502:Robinson 1971 p. 109
3457:Robinson 1971, p. 77
3421:Robinson 1971, p. 67
3335:Robinson 1971, p.241
3317:Robinson 1971, p 350
3208:Robinson 1973, p. 94
3095:Robinson 1971, p. 25
3083:Robinson 1971, p 21.
3074:Robinson 1973, p. 62
2999:Robinson 1971, p. 15
2963:"Germany's Airships"
2949:Robinson 1971, p. 14
2940:de Syon 2001, p. 38.
2931:de Syon 2001, p. 35.
2922:de Syon 2001, p. 26.
2913:de Syon 2001, p. 25.
2887:Robinson 1971, p. 13
2287:was assigned to the
2194:President of Germany
2192:(named after former
1788:Treaty of Versailles
1786:. Specifically, the
1579:1917 watercolour by
765:Battle of Tannenberg
651:Imperial German Navy
557:Imperial German Army
349:Heinrich von Stephan
144:Treaty of Versailles
30:For other uses, see
4470:Part II: Appendices
3845:4 June 2008 at the
3695:. 3 September 2016.
3131:Robinson 1973, p.85
2358:Cultural influences
2198:Paul von Hindenburg
2120:, the end of an era
1760:Imperial War Museum
1224:St Paul's Cathedral
690:During World War I
664:lost on 9 September
610:Deutschland II
534:Zeppelin Foundation
439:Luftschiff Zeppelin
280:By the time of the
235:, a combination of
95:in 1895 and in the
4650:Dorling Kindersley
4220:Los Angeles Times,
4063:1952, pp. 275–300.
4059:Koestler, Arthur.
3750:Whitehouse, Arch,
3493:Cross 1991, p. 35.
3289:Lehmann Chapter VI
3014:The New York Times
2904:, pp. A.197–A.198.
2876:Die Welt (Vienna),
2812:Robinson 1973 p.13
2519:
2443:' and Pete Tyler,
2419:parallel universes
2398:His Dark Materials
2247:static electricity
2234:
2140:
2067:
2032:
1980:
1978:under construction
1931:
1872:
1860:
1763:
1597:
1585:
1581:Felix Schwormstädt
1541:R33-class airships
1505:Bock & Pomeroy
1476:
1460:
1452:
1405:potassium chlorate
1346:
1335:
1323:
1305:Royal Flying Corps
1204:
1145:R. A. J. Warneford
1010:
963:were delivered to
919:
890:Straits of Otranto
866:German East Africa
847:Courland Peninsula
835:
708:
700:
655:Alfred von Tirpitz
647:
598:
553:
540:Before World War I
523:
479:
407:
361:American Civil War
341:
229:non-rigid airships
224:
156:United States Navy
60:
52:United States Navy
27:Rigid airship type
6917:
6916:
6906:
6905:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6002:
6001:
4774:978-0-374-51635-2
4750:978-1-84342-414-7
4658:978-0-7195-6245-7
4591:The Zeppelin Book
4550:978-0-85429-145-8
4502:Lehmann, Ernst A.
4407:978-1-84603-245-5
4373:978-0-52177-799-5
4361:Boulton, James T.
4290:Airship Ventures,
4061:Arrow in the Blue
3199:, pp. 13–15.
3187:, pp. 45–46.
2728:978-1-74104-125-5
2601:List of Zeppelins
2484:, told guitarist
2441:People's Republic
2427:in the episodes "
2393:parallel universe
2389:alternate history
2299:Sudeten mountains
2126:LZ 129 Hindenburg
1908:, and buying the
1841:After World War I
1758:preserved at the
1701:piloted by Major
1624:, Manchester and
1537:Little Wigborough
1393:R-class Zeppelins
1220:Smithfield Market
1084:P class Zeppelins
976:Terschelling Bank
788:collateral damage
659:Kaiser Wilhelm II
245:goldbeater's skin
212:cells inside the
181:operated regular
16:(Redirected from
6967:
6708:Zeppelin-Staaken
6705:
6704:
6695:Heavier-than-air
6066:Graf Zeppelin II
6013:
6012:
5085:
5084:
5072:
5071:
5062:Lighter-than-air
5047:
5040:
5033:
5024:
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4959:
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4851:
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4834:
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4830:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4779:Mowthorpe, Ces.
4761:
4759:
4757:
4641:
4586:
4537:
4511:
4484:Dürr, Ludwig. –
4464:Dooley, Sean C.
4461:
4348:
4345:
4339:
4329:
4323:
4314:
4308:
4299:
4293:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4267:Far Out Magazine
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4232:
4223:
4211:Hanson, Andrew.
4209:
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3428:
3422:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3395:
3382:Thetford, Owen.
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3362:flightglobal.com
3359:
3351:
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3333:
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3182:
3176:
3173:
3164:
3149:Constable and Co
3141:Tuchman, Barbara
3138:
3132:
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3120:
3114:
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2768:
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2697:
2694:
2683:
2680:
2671:
2668:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2530:Airship Ventures
2521:Since the 1990s
2433:The Age of Steel
2404:The Book of Dust
2087:Great Depression
2040:circumnavigation
2034:In August 1929,
1887:LZ 121 Nordstern
1767:Ernst A. Lehmann
1682:Fregattenkapitän
1497:Frederick Sowrey
1031:fighter aircraft
862:Lettow-Vorbeck's
839:Saint Petersburg
592:A monument near
583:were given names
380:
304:
90:
89:
88:
82:
77:
21:
6975:
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6970:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6902:
6861:
6835:
6784:Zeppelin-Lindau
6779:
6696:
6682:
6360:
6354:
6222:
6216:
6134:
6128:
6008:
5998:
5972:
5931:
5905:
5884:
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5143:
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5101:
5079:
5077:
5063:
5057:
5051:
4995:Wayback Machine
4968:
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4809:
4799:
4794:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4706:Brooks, Peter.
4668:
4666:Further reading
4663:
4646:First World War
4644:Willmott, H.P.
4638:
4583:
4534:
4474:THÈSE NO 2986.
4458:
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3847:Wayback Machine
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2766:. Airships.net.
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2421:, also used in
2360:
2232:on fire in 1937
2209:with flammable
2156:Joseph Goebbels
2128:
2122:
1967:
1944:Calvin Coolidge
1848:
1843:
1780:
1771:observation car
1756:observation car
1711:
1693:Royal Air Force
1657:
1573:
1549:No. 39 Squadron
1360:fishing trawler
1285:
1216:Kapitänleutnant
1200:Farringdon Road
1108:Stoke Newington
1060:
1002:
996:
965:RNAS Felixstowe
905:
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423:Friedrichshafen
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6204:
6199:
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6179:
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6164:
6159:
6154:
6152:Ersatz Z I (2)
6149:
6144:
6138:
6136:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6123:Viktoria Luise
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6038:Deutschland II
6034:
6027:
6019:
6017:
6010:
6009:identification
6004:
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4966:External links
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4764:McPhee, John.
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4611:Swinfield, J.
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3917:, p. 104.
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2748:The New Yorker
2734:
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2718:New York State
2707:
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2576:Airship hangar
2571:
2568:
2510:
2507:
2409:Philip Pullman
2382:Attila the Hun
2368:, directed by
2359:
2356:
2317:aircraft from
2160:Hermann Göring
2124:Main article:
2121:
2115:
2083:Rio de Janeiro
1966:
1963:
1847:
1844:
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1839:
1823:
1822:
1819:
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1804:
1801:
1798:
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1779:
1778:End of the war
1776:
1710:
1707:
1703:Egbert Cadbury
1685:Peter Strasser
1656:
1653:
1572:
1569:
1533:Bromley-by-Bow
1510:Great Burstead
1501:RAF Hornchurch
1333:near Edinburgh
1284:
1281:
1264:D. H. Lawrence
1240:Lyceum Theatre
1149:Victoria Cross
1068:Great Yarmouth
1059:
1056:
1048:dead reckoning
995:
992:
946:Admiral Hipper
904:
901:
753:Reginald Marix
691:
688:
621:Viktoria Luise
578:Orville Wright
541:
538:
427:Lake Constance
332:
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26:
9:
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6059:Graf Zeppelin
6056:
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6033:
6032:
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6021:
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6018:
6014:
6011:
6005:
5995:LZ 131–LZ 132
5994:
5991:
5989:LZ 122–LZ 125
5988:
5986:LZ 115–LZ 119
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4841:
4836:
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4801:
4790:
4789:0-905778-13-8
4786:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4752:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4731:1-85409-045-3
4728:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:0-85177-845-3
4713:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:0-446-51784-4
4698:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4686:1-57488-620-7
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4659:
4655:
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4647:
4643:
4639:
4637:0-81533-351-X
4633:
4629:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4606:1-84176-692-5
4603:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4582:1-85216-066-7
4578:
4574:
4569:
4566:
4565:0 85429 130 X
4562:
4558:
4554:
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4459:
4457:0-8018-6734-7
4453:
4449:
4444:
4441:
4440:1-56619-390-7
4437:
4433:
4429:
4428:Cross, Wilbur
4426:
4423:
4422:0-370-30538-8
4419:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4397:Castle, Ian.
4396:
4393:
4392:1-57607-345-9
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4344:
4337:
4336:The Register,
4334:
4331:Page, Lewis.
4328:
4321:
4320:airships.net,
4318:
4313:
4306:
4303:
4298:
4291:
4288:
4283:
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4242:
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4015:
4008:
4000:
3993:
3985:
3978:
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3965:
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3911:
3905:
3900:
3891:
3882:
3873:
3864:
3855:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3835:
3829:, p. 34.
3828:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3796:
3787:
3778:
3769:
3760:
3753:
3747:
3738:
3729:
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3711:
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3657:
3648:
3639:
3624:
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3593:
3584:
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3490:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3445:
3436:
3427:
3418:
3409:
3400:
3393:
3392:0-370-30021-1
3389:
3385:
3379:
3363:
3356:
3350:
3341:
3332:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3296:
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3262:
3253:
3251:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3214:
3205:
3198:
3193:
3186:
3181:
3172:
3170:
3162:
3161:0-333-30516-7
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3128:
3126:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3101:
3092:
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2910:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2884:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2836:, p. 18.
2835:
2830:
2824:, p. 15.
2823:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2792:
2790:9780801886348
2786:
2782:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2758:
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2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2539:In May 2011,
2537:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2480:, drummer of
2479:
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2410:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2370:Howard Hughes
2367:
2366:
2365:Hell's Angels
2355:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2315:Lublin R-XIII
2312:
2311:Hel Peninsula
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2260:Graf Zeppelin
2257:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:Graf Zeppelin
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2164:Ernst Lehmann
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:Nazi swastika
2145:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:Graf Zeppelin
2065:
2064:Graf Zeppelin
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:Graf Zeppelin
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:Graf Zeppelin
2030:
2029:Graf Zeppelin
2025:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:Graf Zeppelin
2007:
2003:
2002:Graf Zeppelin
1998:
1997:
1996:Graf Zeppelin
1991:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1975:Graf Zeppelin
1971:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
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1720:Karl Arnstein
1717:
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1697:
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1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1605:Gotha bombers
1601:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1522:Cannock Chase
1519:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:flown by Lt.
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:Hertfordshire
1418:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1389:
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1352:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:anti-aircraft
1294:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:Charing Cross
1231:
1229:
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1055:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1036:Cuxhaven Raid
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1001:
991:
989:
986:launched its
985:
984:
977:
973:
972:
966:
962:
958:
953:
949:
947:
943:
938:
936:
935:Blaavands Huk
932:
928:
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917:
916:
909:
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448:
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436:
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416:
412:
404:
399:
395:
393:
392:David Schwarz
389:
383:
381:
379:
372:
370:
369:Theodor Kober
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
337:
331:Early designs
323:
321:
316:
311:
308:
301:
300:Graf Zeppelin
296:
294:
290:
289:Graf Zeppelin
285:
284:
278:
274:
272:
269:, mounted in
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
221:
220:
215:
211:
206:
197:
195:
193:
188:
184:
180:
179:
173:
172:
171:Graf Zeppelin
167:
166:
165:Graf Zeppelin
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:United States
94:
87:
81:
73:
69:
68:rigid airship
66:is a type of
65:
57:
53:
49:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6361:designations
6223:designations
6135:designations
6122:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6095:Méditerranée
6094:
6087:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6023:
5076:Manufacturer
5006:
4884:. Retrieved
4861:. Retrieved
4844:. Retrieved
4827:. Retrieved
4810:. Retrieved
4780:
4765:
4754:. Retrieved
4739:
4722:
4707:
4692:
4677:
4673:
4645:
4627:
4612:
4597:
4590:
4572:
4556:
4541:
4523:
4515:
4506:
4494:
4485:
4475:
4468:
4447:
4431:
4413:
4398:
4379:
4364:
4354:Bibliography
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4312:
4304:
4297:
4289:
4282:
4270:. Retrieved
4266:
4256:
4244:. Retrieved
4240:
4219:
4214:
4207:
4199:
4192:. Retrieved
4178:
4170:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4131:
4122:
4113:
4104:
4095:
4086:
4077:
4068:
4060:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4028:
4022:
4013:
4007:
3998:
3992:
3983:
3977:
3966:
3958:
3949:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3915:de Syon 2001
3910:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3834:
3822:
3813:
3804:
3795:
3786:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3751:
3746:
3737:
3728:
3719:
3710:
3701:
3692:
3683:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3638:
3626:. Retrieved
3622:The Scotsman
3620:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3399:
3383:
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3361:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3270:
3261:
3240:
3234:
3220:
3213:
3204:
3197:Tilford 1996
3192:
3185:Madison 2005
3180:
3144:
3136:
3116:Boyne 2002,
3100:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3037:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2983:
2977:
2966:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2883:
2875:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2834:de Syon 2001
2829:
2822:de Syon 2001
2817:
2808:
2799:
2779:
2772:
2757:
2746:
2737:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2666:
2647:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2551:
2549:
2538:
2527:
2520:
2501:crashing in
2498:
2474:Led Zeppelin
2471:
2464:
2458:
2448:
2422:
2412:
2402:
2401:trilogy and
2396:
2386:
2364:
2361:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2322:
2306:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2188:
2184:
2180:Hugo Eckener
2173:
2167:
2141:
2135:
2117:
2099:
2090:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2051:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1974:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1940:
1932:
1925:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1881:
1876:Hugo Eckener
1873:
1867:
1855:
1835:
1824:
1806:
1781:
1764:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1728:Schütte-Lanz
1712:
1688:
1681:
1677:
1658:
1650:
1638:Hither Green
1618:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1591:Memorial in
1553:
1545:
1526:
1514:
1480:Oberleutnant
1479:
1477:
1461:
1413:
1397:
1390:
1381:Forth Bridge
1364:
1347:
1301:Searchlights
1290:
1286:
1273:
1261:
1232:
1215:
1212:Skinningrove
1205:
1153:
1125:
1105:
1080:
1061:
1040:
1029:was used in
1011:
982:
970:
961:flying boats
954:
950:
939:
920:
914:
897:Tondern raid
894:
859:
836:
792:
784:
773:
713:
709:
680:
675:
648:
631:
626:
620:
615:
609:
601:
599:
571:
561:
554:
549:
527:
524:
507:Echterdingen
495:
480:
467:shareholders
462:
455:
438:
430:
410:
408:
402:
384:
375:
373:
365:
342:
312:
306:
299:
297:
292:
288:
281:
279:
275:
264:
256:Schütte-Lanz
249:
225:
217:
191:
177:
169:
164:
160:
129:
100:
63:
61:
46:
36:
6945:Air freight
6162:Ersatz Z II
6088:Los Angeles
6031:Deutschland
5007:Zeppelin NT
4676:Los Angeles
3968:The Outlook
3145:August 1914
2902:Dooley 2004
2560:Edelweiss's
2534:Zeppelin NT
2517:Zeppelin NT
2490:Peter Grant
2435:" when the
2378:World War I
2351:LZ 130
2323:LZ 130
2307:LZ 130
2269:LZ 131
2215:LZ 129
1955:Los Angeles
1948:White House
1936:LZ 126
1926:Los Angeles
1846:Renaissance
1800:Article 202
1794:Article 198
1784:reparations
1616:, Suffolk.
1425:Ponders End
1373:Cleethorpes
1309:Ranken dart
1276:like Milton
1169:Walthamstow
1116:Leytonstone
1076:King's Lynn
988:Sopwith Pup
959:long-range
817:and bombed
795:Szentandras
751:by Flt Lt.
733:Z VIII
684:Maybach C-X
645:LZ 18 (L 2)
636:World War I
602:Deutschland
550:Deutschland
447:bevel gears
419:Ludwig Dürr
262:tail fins.
152:one airship
113:World War I
47:Los Angeles
6924:Categories
6699:aeroplanes
6147:Ersatz Z I
6073:Hindenburg
6007:Operator's
4952:US 1724009
4939:US 1474517
4926:US 1449721
4913:US 1217657
4756:7 February
4648:. London:
4533:1851094202
4272:2 February
4246:2 February
3827:Smith 1991
3540:The Times,
2612:References
2556:fuel cells
2552:Hindenburg
2536:airships.
2509:Modern era
2503:New Jersey
2499:Hindenburg
2486:Jimmy Page
2478:Keith Moon
2445:Rose Tyler
2424:Doctor Who
2407:series by
2336:Chain Home
2332:Scapa Flow
2328:Portsmouth
2301:region of
2273:Hindenburg
2264:Hindenburg
2242:Hindenburg
2230:Hindenburg
2207:Hindenburg
2202:Hindenburg
2189:Hindenburg
2144:Nazi Party
2136:Hindenburg
2118:Hindenburg
1965:Golden age
1959:Shenandoah
1905:Shenandoah
1716:Paul Jaray
1674:Birmingham
1662:Hartlepool
1634:Camberwell
1630:Piccadilly
1409:phosphorus
1401:Lewis guns
1165:Lea Valley
1072:Sheringham
864:forces in
780:Poperinghe
749:Düsseldorf
729:Z VII
672:LZ 18
668:Heligoland
357:Union Army
307:Hindenburg
293:Hindenburg
283:Hindenburg
192:Hindenburg
178:Hindenburg
117:as bombers
6930:Zeppelins
6102:Nordstern
4305:LA Times,
4194:9 January
4029:The Times
4014:The Times
3999:The Times
3984:The Times
3368:12 August
3241:The Times
3053:The Times
3038:The Times
2984:The Times
2659:Citations
2455:steampunk
2347:Luftwaffe
2290:Luftwaffe
2238:Lakehurst
2175:Lufthansa
2079:Frankfurt
2014:Palestine
2006:Lakehurst
1924:ZR-3 USS
1903:ZR-1 USS
1891:Stockholm
1868:Nordstern
1743:engines.
1626:Liverpool
1622:Sheffield
1614:Theberton
1557:Lowestoft
1529:Upminster
1485:Sevenoaks
1441:Red Cross
1356:L 19
1320:Edinburgh
1248:Tonbridge
1244:Guildford
1210:plant at
1177:Southwark
1161:Zeebrugge
1128:Gravesend
1110:south to
1052:blackouts
981:HMS
969:HMS
923:North Sea
913:SMS
874:L 59
870:L 57
855:Seerappen
819:Bucharest
803:Bulgarian
741:Z IX
717:Z VI
606:Bad Iburg
594:Bad Iburg
567:Lunéville
511:Stuttgart
463:La France
405:) in 1900
388:Carl Berg
260:cruciform
237:aluminium
233:duralumin
121:as scouts
18:Zeppelins
6116:Schwaben
6024:Bodensee
5936:Post-war
5066:airships
5056:aircraft
5054:Zeppelin
4991:Archived
4652:, 2003.
4504:(1927).
4386:, 2002.
4384:ABC-Clio
4188:Archived
3843:Archived
3693:BBC News
2570:See also
2541:Goodyear
2251:sabotage
2211:hydrogen
1882:Bodensee
1856:Bodensee
1724:Mannheim
1670:Coventry
1646:Sisteron
1493:Purfleet
1351:Midlands
1256:Hertford
1202:, London
1185:Cheshunt
1181:Woolwich
1173:Cuxhaven
1156:Tyneside
1120:D notice
1100:Ramsgate
1092:Southend
983:Yarmouth
925:and the
915:Seydlitz
843:Wainoden
823:Ploiești
807:Salonika
623:(1912),
616:Schwaben
451:nacelles
437:(LZ for
431:Bodensee
403:Bodensee
353:envelope
320:buoyancy
315:Blau gas
271:gondolas
210:hydrogen
194:disaster
154:for the
105:airships
101:zeppelin
64:Zeppelin
6898:ZSO 523
6893:ZMe 423
6888:ZMe 323
6735:VGO.III
6221:Army LZ
6109:Sachsen
6052:Esperia
6045:Dixmude
5977:Unbuilt
5910:X Class
5889:W Class
5828:V Class
5792:U Class
5771:T Class
5750:S Class
5653:R Class
5580:Q Class
5457:P Class
5435:O Class
5418:N Class
5346:M Class
5325:L Class
5308:K Class
5299:skipped
5293:J Class
5276:I Class
5234:H Class
5213:G Class
5187:F Class
5166:E Class
5149:D Class
5127:C Class
5106:B Class
5089:A Class
5080:numbers
4897:Patents
3143:(1962)
3118:p. 256.
2482:The Who
2431:" and "
2376:during
2303:Silesia
2187:LZ 129
2152:Germany
2016:, and
1880:LZ 120
1741:Maybach
1726:-based
1699:biplane
1565:Tondern
1561:Ahlhorn
1489:Swanley
1437:Cuffley
1293:calibre
1252:Croydon
1208:benzole
1141:Belgium
1112:Stepney
1088:Ipswich
1019:Pomeroy
971:Furious
845:on the
811:Romania
761:Cologne
745:Antwerp
743:bombed
719:bombed
676:Sachsen
632:Sachsen
483:lottery
457:6
443:Daimler
326:History
267:engines
219:Blaugas
176:LZ 129
163:LZ 127
148:Germany
125:Britain
93:Germany
6878:Rammer
6821:Rs.III
6775:E.4/20
6730:VGO.II
6359:Navy L
6350:LZ 120
6345:LZ 113
6340:LZ 111
6335:LZ 107
6330:LZ 103
6325:LZ 101
6192:Z VIII
6133:Army Z
5992:LZ 128
5968:LZ 130
5963:LZ 129
5958:LZ 127
5953:LZ 126
5948:LZ 121
5943:LZ 120
5927:LZ 114
5922:LZ 113
5917:LZ 112
5901:LZ 104
5896:LZ 102
5880:LZ 111
5875:LZ 110
5870:LZ 109
5865:LZ 108
5860:LZ 107
5855:LZ 106
5850:LZ 105
5845:LZ 103
5840:LZ 101
5835:LZ 100
4957:
4944:
4931:
4918:
4886:29 May
4863:29 May
4846:29 May
4829:29 May
4812:29 May
4787:
4772:
4747:
4729:
4714:
4699:
4684:
4656:
4634:
4619:
4604:
4579:
4563:
4548:
4530:
4454:
4438:
4420:
4405:
4390:
4371:
4363:, ed.
4241:Grunge
4215:Fringe
4167:541516
4165:
3628:1 June
3394:p. 286
3390:
3159:
2968:Flight
2787:
2725:
2564:Munich
2545:blimps
2437:TARDIS
2414:Fringe
2374:London
2295:Polish
2166:, the
2111:helium
2095:Arctic
2091:LZ 127
2075:Recife
1988:LZ 127
1984:LZ 126
1914:Humber
1642:France
1465:Leyton
1429:B.E.2c
1379:, the
1377:Rosyth
1368:Rosyth
1137:Furnes
1064:Humber
1043:Kaiser
927:Baltic
878:Naples
815:Yambol
769:Warsaw
737:Alsace
625:LZ 13
614:LZ 10
562:ersatz
491:Allgäu
343:Count
241:copper
214:LZ 127
138:, and
136:Munich
132:Berlin
6866:Other
6826:Rs.IV
6816:Rs.II
6796:CL.II
6770:R.XVI
6760:R.XIV
6755:R.VII
6725:VGO.I
6320:LZ 98
6315:LZ 97
6310:LZ 95
6305:LZ 93
6300:LZ 90
6295:LZ 88
6290:LZ 87
6285:LZ 86
6280:LZ 85
6275:LZ 81
6270:LZ 79
6265:LZ 77
6260:LZ 74
6255:LZ 72
6250:LZ 39
6245:LZ 38
6240:LZ 37
6235:LZ 35
6230:LZ 34
6212:Z XII
6187:Z VII
6167:Z III
6080:Hansa
6016:Names
5983:LZ 70
5819:LZ 99
5814:LZ 98
5809:LZ 97
5804:LZ 96
5799:LZ 95
5783:LZ 94
5778:LZ 93
5762:LZ 92
5757:LZ 91
5741:LZ 90
5736:LZ 89
5731:LZ 88
5726:LZ 87
5721:LZ 86
5716:LZ 85
5711:LZ 84
5706:LZ 83
5701:LZ 82
5696:LZ 80
5691:LZ 79
5686:LZ 78
5681:LZ 76
5676:LZ 75
5671:LZ 74
5666:LZ 72
5661:LZ 62
5643:LZ 81
5638:LZ 77
5633:LZ 73
5628:LZ 71
5623:LZ 69
5618:LZ 68
5613:LZ 67
5608:LZ 66
5603:LZ 65
5598:LZ 64
5593:LZ 61
5588:LZ 59
5570:LZ 63
5565:LZ 60
5560:LZ 58
5555:LZ 57
5550:LZ 56
5545:LZ 55
5540:LZ 54
5535:LZ 53
5530:LZ 52
5525:LZ 51
5520:LZ 50
5515:LZ 49
5510:LZ 48
5505:LZ 47
5500:LZ 46
5495:LZ 45
5490:LZ 44
5485:LZ 43
5480:LZ 42
5475:LZ 41
5470:LZ 40
5465:LZ 38
5447:LZ 39
5442:LZ 36
5426:LZ 26
5408:LZ 37
5403:LZ 35
5398:LZ 34
5393:LZ 33
5388:LZ 32
5383:LZ 31
5378:LZ 30
5373:LZ 29
5368:LZ 28
5363:LZ 27
5358:LZ 25
5353:LZ 24
5337:LZ 23
5332:LZ 22
5316:LZ 21
5284:LZ 18
5266:LZ 20
5261:LZ 19
5256:LZ 17
5251:LZ 16
5246:LZ 15
5241:LZ 14
5225:LZ 13
5220:LZ 11
5204:LZ 12
5199:LZ 10
4481:2004.
4163:JSTOR
3358:(PDF)
2617:Notes
2339:radar
2108:inert
2018:Spain
1831:Italy
1666:Wigan
1385:Leith
1299:use.
1096:Dover
1023:Brock
886:Malta
851:Reval
799:Sofia
776:Paris
721:Liège
666:near
627:Hansa
574:DELAG
548:LZ 7
509:near
429:(the
303:'
6857:C.IV
6852:C.II
6811:Rs.I
6801:CS.I
6791:CL.I
6765:R.XV
6750:R.VI
6740:R.IV
6720:8301
6678:L 72
6673:L 71
6668:L 70
6663:L 65
6658:L 64
6653:L 63
6648:L 62
6643:L 61
6638:L 60
6633:L 59
6628:L 58
6623:L 57
6618:L 56
6613:L 55
6608:L 54
6603:L 53
6598:L 52
6593:L 51
6588:L 50
6583:L 49
6578:L 48
6573:L 47
6568:L 46
6563:L 45
6558:L 44
6553:L 43
6548:L 42
6543:L 41
6538:L 40
6533:L 39
6528:L 38
6523:L 37
6518:L 36
6513:L 35
6508:L 34
6503:L 33
6498:L 32
6493:L 31
6488:L 30
6483:L 24
6478:L 23
6473:L 22
6468:L 21
6463:L 20
6458:L 19
6453:L 18
6448:L 17
6443:L 16
6438:L 15
6433:L 14
6428:L 13
6423:L 12
6418:L 11
6413:L 10
6207:Z XI
6197:Z IX
6182:Z VI
6172:Z IV
6157:Z II
6086:USS
5194:LZ 9
5178:LZ 8
5173:LZ 7
5157:LZ 6
5139:LZ 5
5134:LZ 4
5118:LZ 3
5113:LZ 2
5097:LZ 1
5078:hull
4888:2009
4865:2009
4848:2009
4831:2009
4814:2009
4785:ISBN
4770:ISBN
4758:2016
4745:ISBN
4727:ISBN
4712:ISBN
4697:ISBN
4682:ISBN
4654:ISBN
4632:ISBN
4617:ISBN
4602:ISBN
4577:ISBN
4561:ISBN
4546:ISBN
4528:ISBN
4452:ISBN
4436:ISBN
4418:ISBN
4403:ISBN
4388:ISBN
4369:ISBN
4274:2023
4248:2023
4196:2014
3630:2014
3388:ISBN
3370:2018
3157:ISBN
2785:ISBN
2723:ISBN
2528:The
2391:and
2319:Puck
2275:and
2228:The
2134:The
2103:R101
2027:The
1870:1920
1866:The
1858:1919
1854:The
1754:The
1696:DH.4
1678:L.70
1655:1918
1636:and
1571:1917
1531:and
1487:and
1283:1916
1179:and
1132:Hull
1098:and
1058:1915
1021:and
1015:bomb
931:Fanø
882:Suez
757:RNAS
731:and
725:Bonn
503:LZ 4
498:LZ 3
487:LZ 2
435:LZ 1
415:mark
252:fins
119:and
50:, a
45:USS
43:The
6873:L 1
6847:C.I
6806:D.I
6745:R.V
6408:L 9
6403:L 8
6398:L 7
6393:L 6
6388:L 5
6383:L 4
6378:L 3
6373:L 2
6368:L 1
6202:Z X
6177:Z V
6142:Z I
4674:USS
4155:doi
4151:103
3226:419
2330:to
1910:R38
459:m/s
425:on
6926::
6831:V1
4430:.
4265:.
4239:.
4227:^
4217:."
4198:.
4169:.
4161:.
4149:.
3691:.
3619:.
3360:.
3279:^
3249:^
3168:^
3155:,
3124:^
3109:^
3088:^
3012:.
2992:^
2965:.
2954:^
2892:^
2745:.
2687:^
2675:^
2566:.
2221:.
2196:,
2113:.
1990:.
1893:.
1632:,
1543:.
1270::
1254:,
1250:,
1246:,
1191:.
1139:,
1074:,
1070:,
868:.
782:.
755:,
536:.
453:.
363:.
239:,
134:,
62:A
6715:L
6701:)
6697:(
5068:)
5064:(
5046:e
5039:t
5032:v
4890:.
4867:.
4850:.
4833:.
4816:.
4791:.
4776:.
4760:.
4733:.
4718:.
4703:.
4688:.
4660:.
4640:.
4608:.
4585:.
4567:.
4552:.
4536:.
4479:,
4472:,
4460:.
4442:.
4424:.
4409:.
4394:.
4375:.
4276:.
4250:.
4157::
3970:,
3632:.
3372:.
3228:.
2793:.
2751:.
2731:.
74:(
34:.
20:)
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