703:). The train enters the element with a steep slope up and a slight curve in the direction opposite that of the overall turn (a so-called "priming" of the turn). The train then banks heavily to the side opposite the initial curve and finishes its climb while it negotiates the overall turn, beginning its descent midway through the turn. The second half of the element is the same as the first half, but in reverse order. While negotiating a hammerhead turn element, the train makes a turn of more than 180 degrees; however, because of the entry and exit curves, the overall effect is that of a 180-degree turn that exits toward the direction from which it entered, roughly parallel to the portion of track preceding the hammerhead turn. Hammerhead turns are found on some B&M
109:. The most common type is the friction brake, often called a fin brake, which involves a series of hydraulic-powered clamps that close and squeeze metal fins that are attached to the underside of a coaster train. Other common types include skid brakes and magnetic brakes. These different types are divided into two main categories; trim brakes refer to brake runs that slow the train, while block brakes are brake sections that stop the train completely. Roller coasters may incorporate multiple brake runs throughout the coaster's track layout to adjust the train's speed at any given time.
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1503:. It is the reverse of an Immelmann loop, where the track twists upward and to the side followed by a dive toward the ground in a half-vertical loop. This element is commonly found on B&M and Gerstlauer roller coasters. Arrow and Vekoma feature a similar version of the inversion they call a reverse sidewinder, which can be found in Arrow's Cyclone at Dreamworld in Australia and Vekoma's Blue Hawk at Six Flags Over Georgia.
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used, the tension and stress on the lift mechanism is reduced prior to the train's release. The element is commonly found on early B&M roller coasters, as well as older roller coasters from other manufacturers. An alternative name "trick hill" comes from the illusion created from the pre-drop, which "tricks" riders into thinking they have already started the main descent, when in fact they haven't.
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train as it crosses a particular section of track. This underside area is a flat area which often has a grated metal surface to increase friction between the car and the tire. One disadvantage of vertical drive tires is that rainy weather can greatly reduce friction between the tire and the train, possibly causing the train to slightly overshoot its intended position and cause an emergency stop.
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1791:. It can be confused with a heartline roll, also known as a barrel roll. In a heartline roll the center of the train rotates on one axis so the height of the average rider's heart never changes, whereas during an in-line twist the train rotates around the track and there is usually little to no elevation difference in the track. It can also provide hangtime.
612:, and camelbacks produce negative g-force to achieve the effect. The term has been used to describe a series of smaller hills typically found near the end of a track's layout, which is a common finale on older wooden coasters. A modern coaster's implementation of a camelback can be a much larger, single hill often found earlier in the track's layout.
1022:, also known as top cap, is an element consisting of a 90-degree ascent up a tall hill followed by a 90-degree descent, with the train usually exiting in the opposite direction from which it entered. Top hats are commonly found on launched coasters, and in a standard configuration, the track twists so that the train does not invert during the ride.
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2207:, is an inversion where the track twists 180 degrees during ascent, and at its crest, remains inverted for a short section of track. It then twists another 180 degrees during descent, usually in the opposite direction of the initial twist. Similar to a zero-g roll, riders experience a feeling of weightlessness during the short inverted section.
36:, and other intense ride elements that contribute to a thrilling ride experience. They are also made up of a variety of features and components responsible for the mechanical operation and safety of the ride. Some are very common and appear on every roller coaster in some form, while others are unique to certain makes and models.
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A water spout is a visual element encompassing a number of different methods to simulate a roller coaster's interaction with a body of water – the ride vehicle does not make contact with the water. Water spouts are intended to be visually appealing. The following are some examples of roller
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is the name of an element where the support structure of the ride or a portion of the track appears to come very close to making contact with passengers, particularly with their heads. The illusion is intentional, and headchoppers are designed so that even the tallest rider, with both hands up, would
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that releases the bar is out of alignment. There are other train types, such as NAD and even some PTC trains, that feature a single-position lap bar that has a mechanical release and therefore does not produce a buzzing sound. Most parks have switched to individual ratcheting lap bars, similar to the
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A splashdown is a visual element in which the ride vehicle physically interacts with a body of water, forcefully spraying or jetting water on impact. Splashdowns can be used as a natural braking system, and some coasters feature pathways for non-riding visitors to view or get wet from the splashdown
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in existence. It is a continuous, upward-sloping section of track that eventually completes a 360-degree turn, inverting riders halfway into the element. They are ellipses in the shape of an oval or teardrop. Early roller coaster designs attempted to incorporate circular vertical loops, resulting in
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A sidewinder is an inversion element where riders enter a half-loop followed by a half-corkscrew, and then exit the element perpendicular to the direction in which they entered. The element is commonly found on Arrow and Vekoma roller coasters. It is similar to the
Immelmann loop, with the exception
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roller coasters. A butterfly begins like a vertical loop, but as the track goes up, it twists 45 degrees to one side or the other, and then when it is headed down the track twists back. The maneuver is then repeated but in reverse. It is essentially the same in construction as a batwing or boomerang
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A pre-drop, or preliminary drop, is any small hill following the lift hill that precedes the main drop. After a train is hauled up the lift and begins to descend down the hill in a standard configuration, the force of gravity pulls the train cars that are still hooked to the lift. When a pre-drop is
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When oriented horizontally, drive tires are often put in pairs so as to "squeeze" a portion of the train as it crosses that section of track. In this case, it is usually the brake fin that is used to propel or slow the train with the tires. When oriented vertically, they contact the underside of the
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is a roller coaster element with two inversions similar to a cobra roll, but the train enters and exit in the same direction. It features two vertical loop halves connected by two half corkscrews that face in opposite directions. The second half loop is on the opposite side in comparison to a cobra
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is an element made out of two elements: a dive loop, then an
Immelmann; forming an inversion that looks like two side by side loops. This element is similar to the flying coasters pretzel loop, except that the train goes through a twist when entering and exiting the loop. It may also been seen as a
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mounted alongside the track of a roller coaster that automatically photographs all of the riders on passing trains. They are usually mounted at the most intense part of the ride, to capture the best possible pictures. The pictures are available for viewing and purchase at a booth outside the ride's
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Launch lift hills are similar to launch tracks, but inclined rather than flat. Sometimes, launch lift hills serve the same purpose as lift hills but offer faster transport to the top of the lift hill; or they are sometimes used to power the train up into an element, like the
Incredible Hulk Coaster
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The general term raven turn refers to any inversion that follows the design described above; however, there are two types of raven turns. Assuming the train is going round the half-loop first, an inside raven turn is where the rails are below the train at the start whereas an outside raven turn is
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facing the same direction joined by two half corkscrews that each twist in opposite directions. As the train completes the first half loop, it turns perpendicular into a half corkscrew, completing a first inversion. This is immediately followed by another half corkscrew that twists in the opposite
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The station is the area where guests waiting in a line queue board a roller coaster. The line often divides into lanes to allow guests to board each row. In addition to boarding, passengers also exit the ride within the station, but this is not always at the same location where boarding passengers
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Compared to other drive mechanisms, the linear motor is typically maintenance-free. The pole faces on the track and moving plate attached to the car do not need to touch, and the gap between them can be quite wide to accommodate any side-to-side car motion, so there is no friction or wear between
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is a simple but powerful type of electric motor used to propel the cars. Rather than using a standard enclosed spinning rotor and drive wheels, there is a long flat magnetic pole plate with closely spaced electric coils. This pole plate mounts on the track underneath the car and a matching metal
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is a popular inversion found on many B&M roller coasters. In an
Immelmann loop, riders enter a half-loop followed by a half twist, and then exit the element traveling in the opposite direction making a 180-degree turn. The inversion is similar to a sidewinder which exits closer to 90°, or
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may have brakes onboard the train and rely on a brakeman operator to apply them as needed. Older wooden coasters are also more likely to rely on skid brakes, which may still depend on manual engagement at a nearby control panel or by moving large levers in the station.
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when the train passes through keyhole elements. The train seats riders in pairs on both sides of the track, with nothing above or below each rider, as it passes through the center of an object creating the illusion its passengers may not have enough clearance to fit.
1660:, also known as an oblique loop, is a 360° loop that has been tilted at an angle. It is not entered vertically, like a vertical loop, or horizontally like a helix. Instead, it is usually entered at an angle between 45° and 80°. Inclined loops can be found on B&M
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feature separates wave turns from typical banked turns. When a train banks either right or left into an inclined turn, it traverses an airtime hill while banked at 90 degrees. The element finishes with the train exiting in the opposite direction that it entered.
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A scoop splashdown is an element in which each train is equipped with two tubes – called scoops – on the rear sides of each train. The scoops are angled upward, causing water to spray as the train passes close to a body of water. A number of
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is an element similar to the batwing, except the entrance and exit of the inversion is formed differently. In a pretzel knot, the twisted formation of the element's entrance and exit resembles a pretzel shape as opposed to a batwing's heart shape. The defunct
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In a top hat inversion, also called an inside top hat or inverted top hat, the track makes a 90-degree twist as the train approaches the top. The train travels on the inside of the element, and once it reaches the apex, the train becomes inverted.
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A Stengel dive combines an overbanked turn with a camelback hill. The train first goes up a regular camelback hill, then quickly tilts beyond 90 degrees at the very top. It is the only roller coaster element named after its designer, in this case
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Single-position lap bars on wooden roller coasters are sometimes referred to as "buzz bars", a slang term named for the buzzing sound that some bars make as they lock or release. The term can be misleading as the buzzing sound only occurs on
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model. The horseshoe is essentially a 180-degree turnaround with high banking so that riders are tilted at a 90-degree angle or more at the top at the element. The horseshoe is named that way because the element is shaped roughly like a
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is an inversion element that begins with a corkscrew that leads into a 180-degree banked turn and ends with another corkscrew that rotates in the opposite direction as the first. Two roller coasters that feature this element are
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and has been used on many other B&M flying coasters since then. It consists of a downward half loop and upward half loop. The entrance and exit points of the loop overlap at its peak forming a shape resembling a pretzel.
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lap bars found on steel coasters. Ironically some of the earlier ratcheting lap bar conversions use a solenoid release and can also produce a buzzing sound. It can be argued that single-position buzz bars afford riders more
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The non-inverting loop is a variety of loop that, when coming up, twists similar to a heartline roll, leaving riders completely right-side-up when at the top of the loop. Some roller coasters with this element include
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to attract thrill seekers and boost park attendance. As coaster design evolved with the aid of computer-simulated models, newer innovations produced more intense thrills while improving overall quality and durability.
1535:, which is accomplished by having the track change in elevation – rising and falling – throughout the inversion. From the rider's point of view, the rotation occurs near the chest, hence the name "heartline roll".
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be unable to make contact assuming rider height requirements are being met. Headchoppers were originally common elements on wooden coasters but have since become increasingly more common on steel coasters as well.
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lift involving a long, continuous chain which trains hook on to and are carried to the top; a drive tire system in which multiple motorized tires push the train upward; a cable lift system as seen on
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A banana roll is an inversion element similar to an elongated cobra roll and is named after its shape. Unlike a cobra roll, the banana roll only inverts riders once. The element first appeared on
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is a roller coaster inversion where the track twists 360 degrees as it rises and falls in elevation, usually at the crest of a hill. The element gets its name from the weightless effect of zero
533:(s) which transports passengers around a roller coaster's circuit. More specifically, a roller coaster train is made up of two or more "cars" which are connected by some sort of specialized
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is a half-inversion which looks like half a loop followed by a drop and then levels out near the same height as it began. The raven turn is only usable on either flying roller coasters or
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2299:. Depending on the width of the train and the angle of the scoops, the effect can produce different results, such as two distinct streams (Griffon) or one large plume (Diamondback).
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is a turn or curve in which the track tilts 90 degrees or more, often in the 100–120 degree range. The element is common on large steel roller coasters, particularly those built by
608:, is a hump-shaped hill that travels in a straight line and is designed to lift riders out of their seats to provide a feeling of weightlessness. The effect is commonly known as
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on roller coasters built by Vekoma, is an inversion featuring two half loop halves, connected by two opposite-facing half inline twists. This inversion can be found on the most
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is when the track twists from the horizontal plane into the vertical plane, tipping the train to the side in the direction of the turn. Banking is used to minimize the lateral
1452:) is a roller coaster inversion in which a half-inline twist is performed at the top of a lift hill, leading into the initial drop. Examples that feature this element include
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1162:. Like other inversions, this element has different names depending on the roller coaster's manufacturer. It is most commonly known as a batwing, which is the term used by
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is an inversion similar to a corkscrew, except the second half of the element is reversed. The train exits the inversion in the opposite direction from which it entered.
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on the riders to make the turn more comfortable. When a banked turn continues to create an upward or downward spiral of approximately 360 degrees or more, it becomes a
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direction into the other half vertical loop, completing a second inversion. The train exits the cobra roll traveling in the opposite direction from which it entered.
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to an elevated point. Upon reaching the top, the train is then disengaged from the lift hill and allowed to coast through the rest of the roller coaster's circuit.
1531:, is a 360-degree roller coaster inversion that rotates at the center of the train on one axis. The focus of the element is keeping the train moving in a straight
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is a heart-shaped roller coaster element that features two inversions. The train goes into a reverse sidewinder, followed by a sidewinder. It is the inverse of a
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utilizes both water spouts and fountains that synchronize at the point the train dips toward the water, giving the illusion it is skimming the water's surface.
645:, is created when a hill is divided into two separate drops by a flattening out of the drop midway down the hill. Two notable rides featuring this element are
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where riders are quickly snapped through the inversion at varying speeds, as opposed to a standard corkscrew that rotates riders at slower, constant speeds.
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is similar to a cobra roll, except the half-loops at the entrance and exit level out before reaching 180 degrees, and the train therefore does not invert.
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1369:, riders face forward for the duration of the inversion. The corkscrew was the first modern-day coaster inversion element. It first appeared in 1975 on
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A natural splashdown is an element in which the track of the vehicle partially submerges underwater. It is featured on several roller coasters such as
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is essentially a dive loop that has been tilted. Instead of exiting vertically, an inclined dive loop exits at an angle. The only two examples are on
251:, which creates the illusion that riders' legs will make contact with the ride's support structure or some other structure, similar to a headchopper.
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A wave turn, commonly found on Rocky
Mountain Construction roller coasters, is a 90-degree banked turn that incorporates a small camelback hill. The
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that riders exit in a different direction usually 90 degrees from the entrance point. When travelled in reverse it is simply a
Reverse Sidewinder.
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A bent Cuban eight is a double inversion element that features two "bent and twisted" Immelmann loops that are connected back to back. Designed by
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model during the coaster's in-line-twist, in which the train approaches a section of track directly below but twists riders safely over the track.
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plate attached to the car moves across the magnetic pole faces. By applying a multiphase alternating current to the poles, the pole plate induces
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173:, they can also be used to launch trains at greater speeds. However, they are generally used to propel the train at speeds between 5-8 mph.
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in South Korea features a variety of water effects including water spouts that fire in synchronized fashion in more than one area of the ride.
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or sealed in a weathertight enclosure, so that rain, vibration, and dust do not affect motor performance or cause drive motor slippage.
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at
Universal Orlando. Launch lift hills use mostly linear synchronous motors or linear induction motors but sometimes use drive tires.
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A lift hill, or chain lift, is often the initial upward section of track on a typical roller coaster that initially transports the
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immediately during its quick acceleration at launch, which often occurs before the train enters its first significant incline.
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inversion resembles a helix that rotates riders 360 degrees perpendicular to the track. It was named for its resemblance of a
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Some roller coasters use drive tires instead of a chain on lift hills. Notable examples include many junior coasters made by
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2156:(1980). This element consists of two perpendicular vertical loops that are intertwined, with one wrapping inside the other.
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wooden coasters. The element is a mini-version of camelback entered at a high speed, which results in significant negative
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While modern roller coasters have at least one computer-controlled brake run embedded in the track, older coasters such as
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except for the coaster exiting the construct traveling in the same direction as it began. An example of this is found on
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An
Immelmann loop becomes a dive loop if the entrance and exit points are reversed. The name "Immelmann" comes from the
975:, also known as a high-speed float, is an airtime element commonly found in Bolliger & Mabillard steel coasters and
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A helix is a section of track that forms a spiral, which generally exceeds 360°. Helixes can spiral upward or downward.
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Corkscrews commonly exist in pairs, where the end of one leads straight into the next. Another configuration involves
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is based on a flying maneuver by the same name and is similar to, but not the same as, a 180-degree overbanked turn (
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used to propel a roller coaster train along a piece of track. Although they are most often used in station areas and
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is a roller coaster inversion in which the rider performs a 360-degree roll. The in-line twist is often found on
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A launch track normally includes some form of brakes to brace for an expected return of the train, such as in a
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is quickly accelerated to a significant velocity in a matter of seconds. It serves the same basic purpose as a
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has a water spout that fires immediately following its zero-G roll as the train dives toward the water below.
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Lift hills usually propel the train to the top of the ride via one of a few different types of methods: a
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on roller coasters, as ratcheting lap bars tend to lock further during the ride in many installations.
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2416:"Top Thrill Dragster: The Inside Track on Cedar Point's Landmark Coaster and Potential Final Lap"
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1827:(hence why it is called a "Norwegian" Loop). Other examples of a Norwegian Loop can be found on
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at
Portaventura Park is an example that incorporates both a double dip and a double up element.
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roll, which changes the exit's direction. Examples featuring this element include Vekoma's
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occurs on a complete-circuit coaster. Rollbacks are more common on coasters that feature a
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The Roller
Coaster Lover's Companion: A Thrill Seeker's Guide to the World's Best Coasters
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was the first model to incorporate a cobra roll, and the first Boomerang installation was
1230:, the element only appears on two X-Car roller coaster models from the company, including
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are two examples that feature this element. It was first marketed as a Kamikaze Kurve by
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that had dangerous effects on riders. The modern vertical loop was first implemented on
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at Busch Gardens Williamsburg in 1992. It can also be found on other coasters such as
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1499:, or diving loop, is a roller coaster inversion whose inspiration was taken from a
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3665:"Missing Colossus? Magic Mountain's new ride has an old look, with a techno twist"
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2481:"'Thrill of a lifetime': This roller coaster fan got the chance to operate a ride"
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at the moment and has only been used on three 4D coasters and one flying coaster.
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at Six Flags Fiesta Texas, for example, features a darkened, above-ground tunnel.
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3556:"Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith (Disney's Hollywood Studios)"
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them. Further, the magnetic coil assembly on the driving pole plates are either
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2600:"Iron Rattler — Ups Downs and Upside Down - Roller Coasters and Theme Parks"
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features several water spouts that fire upward as the train rounds a turn.
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one in which the rails are above the train at the start of the element.
1543:
notably features five heartline rolls. In a similar element known as an
760:, with a semicircular shape at the top. It is found on coasters such as
3516:"COASTER-net.com v8 > Ride Gallery > X, Six Flags Magic Mountain"
2264:
2016:
1991:
1304:
1159:
992:
927:
900:
769:
375:
259:
featured several foot choppers, and it is a common element on Vekoma's
201:
150:" style thrill ride often utilizes this type of restraint, as does the
3356:"Cedar Point's new GateKeeper roller coaster one wild and winged ride"
1975:
1484:
446:
into the moving plate and can be used to accelerate or brake the car.
224:
3871:
3842:
2485:
2327:
in Poland has a water feature immediately before the final brake run.
2065:
2031:
1960:
1820:
1780:
1227:
1171:
1132:
1112:
1031:
1012:
757:
650:
387:
360:
317:
170:
96:
1598:, which has an Immelmann loop immediately following the first drop.
1143:
181:
is notable for using drive tires to launch the train up an incline.
2544:"X-Flight wing coaster premieres at Six Flags Great America in May"
1840:
1268:
1148:
880:
670:
135:
3730:
1241:
1007:
553:
2714:
2712:
2284:
2184:
2108:
2083:
is one of the world's tallest and largest at 160 feet (49 m)
1276:
980:
911:
537:. The vehicle is called a "train" due to its similarities with a
530:
80:
1799:
1586:. Immelmanns are commonly found as the first element on B&M
947:. Examples of roller coasters that feature this element include
291:
1824:
1280:
1263:
824:
565:
469:
189:
185:
3304:
3302:
2709:
1875:
was the first coaster to feature this element. The second was
1396:
at Six Flags Great Adventure feature interlocking corkscrews.
1214:
is the only coaster to feature this element, according to the
751:
is a type of turnaround maneuver found on Maurer Rides GmbH's
669:, where two inclines are separated by a level piece of track.
3574:
3098:
3052:
2808:
2570:"Park's 1st 'winged' coaster to debut at Cedar Point in 2013"
1896:
1851:
1815:
normal loop entered from the top. It was first introduced on
1318:
head when flaring its hood. The element consists of two half
1315:
538:
3555:
3439:
3337:"Roller Coaster Search Results (Element = Dive Drop)"
3288:
3269:
3174:
2790:
1511:
1314:
is a roller coaster inversion that resembles the shape of a
3390:
3299:
3247:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 56.
3200:
166:
162:
A drive tire, or squeeze tire depending on its usage, is a
3494:
3124:
3044:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2893:. thecoastercritic.com. November 16, 2006. Archived from
2629:"Fury 325 vs Intimidator: Differences & Similarities"
2380:
2164:
1400:
introduced a variation of the corkscrew that they call a
2973:
2971:
2830:
2828:
1891:
926:
and the overbanked turn that follows the barrel roll on
335:
design, or for an unexpected return of the train when a
3328:
2998:
2996:
2909:
2622:
2620:
3594:"5 Roller Coasters Mega-Engineered to Make You Scream"
2443:
2441:
308:
A launch track is a straight section of track along a
3090:
3018:
2968:
2825:
2691:"More details on Rip Ride Rockit coaster, plus video"
2993:
2841:. Silver Dollar City. August 9, 2012. Archived from
2617:
105:
that utilizes some form of brakes to slow or stop a
3639:"Coaster riders: Get ready to fall heels over head"
3067:
2438:
999:are two roller coasters that feature this element.
665:in 1920. The inverse of this element is known as a
3527:
3525:
2655:
2389:"Thrill ride designers compete to push the limits"
545:, operate with individual cars instead of trains.
266:Both headchoppers and foot choppers can appear on
101:A brake run on a roller coaster is any section of
3245:The 50 Most Terrifying Roller Coasters Ever Built
2472:
871:, Soaring with Dragon at Hefei Wanda Theme Park,
3951:
3709:"Energylandia Hyperion POV 4K Mounted and Drone"
3575:"The Smiler (Disney's Hollywood Studios)"
3201:"Dragon Mountain (Marineland Theme Park)"
3099:"TMNT Shellraiser (Nickelodeon Universe)"
3027:"Kennywood Unveils "The Steel Curtain" for 2019"
918:. Two examples include the first turn-around on
661:, both of which are roller coasters designed by
3522:
3409:
3407:
2940:
2883:
2187:that a rider experiences during the inversion.
575:
379:A 150-foot (46 m) lift hill on Goliath at
2505:
2226:has also included this element in Kennywood's
32:are widely known for their drops, inversions,
3746:
3312:. Cedar Point. 13 August 2012. Archived from
1202:. One variation of the batwing is known as a
42:tallest, fastest, and longest roller coasters
3404:
3242:
2734:
2513:"Top 5 Coasters at Six Flags Great America"
2408:
814:
3753:
3739:
2768:"Gatekeeper: The Ride - Facts and Figures"
2653:
2447:
2009:Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith
1068:is an example that features this variant.
831:is the only ride to feature this element.
3662:
3493:. Roller Coaster Database. Archived from
3389:. Roller Coaster DataBase. Archived from
3280:
3169:
3167:
3123:. Roller Coaster Database. Archived from
2541:
2046:
426:
3591:
3243:Weisenberger, Nick (September 2, 2014).
3024:
2242:
2163:
2121:
2074:
2030:
1974:
1890:
1850:
1798:
1711:
1644:
1605:
1554:
1510:
1483:
1345:
1298:
1240:
1142:
1099:
1006:
894:
838:
783:
779:
680:
621:
579:
552:
374:
290:
223:
63:
3636:
2949:"New Twists for Wooden Roller Coasters"
2626:
2210:The stall element is commonly found on
2102:is one of the earliest and most common
1578:, an aircraft maneuver named after the
14:
3952:
3663:Hernandez, America (August 28, 2014).
3353:
3164:
2946:
2567:
2478:
2386:
2275:coasters feature the element, such as
2136:designed several roller coasters with
1519:(left) versus a heartline roll (right)
3734:
3146:"New Roller Coaster at Worlds of Fun"
2863:
2460:from the original on October 24, 2021
1601:
1571:perpendicular to the entrance point.
1084:
834:
529:A roller coaster train describes the
3932:
3006:. Park World Online. October 9, 2014
2920:
2631:. The Coaster Critic. Archived from
1365:used to remove bottle corks. Unlike
699:
3760:
3701:
3697:. COASTER-net.com. August 25, 2013.
3004:"Takabisha – world's steepest drop"
2891:"Kingda Ka vs. Top Thrill Dragster"
2744:. American Coasters. Archived from
2479:Levine, Arthur (October 13, 2021).
2426:from the original on March 25, 2022
2309:coasters that utilize this effect.
1627:Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom
1221:
132:Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC)
24:
3822:
3572:
3553:
3334:
3286:
3267:
3198:
3096:
3073:
3050:
3025:Stilwell, Andrew (July 19, 2018).
2788:
2542:MacDonald, Brady (11 April 2012).
2233:
890:
676:
48:
25:
3981:
3616:"Element: Twisted Horseshoe Roll"
2981:. Gerstlauer Amusement Rides GmbH
2523:from the original on May 25, 2023
2493:from the original on May 14, 2024
1794:
1550:
1506:
1434:Wonder Woman Golden Lasso Coaster
983:that exceed a typical camelback.
707:. Examples of these coasters are
457:
3931:
3920:
3919:
3270:"G Force (Drayton Manor)"
2947:Murphy, Mekado (July 23, 2014).
2448:Harris, Tom; Threewit, Chelsea.
2335:Universal's Islands of Adventure
2087:
1707:
1640:
1119:in 2011, and it also appears on
3715:from the original on 2021-12-21
3687:
3656:
3630:
3608:
3592:McCarthy, Erin (October 2009).
3585:
3566:
3547:
3508:
3479:
3457:
3432:
3375:
3261:
3236:
3211:
3192:
3138:
3109:
2857:
2801:
2782:
2760:
2683:
2647:
2627:Bullock, Joel (March 5, 2015).
2387:Martín, Hugo (March 13, 2012).
2190:
1886:
1846:
1350:A corkscrew on the Cedar Point
937:
766:Chessington World of Adventures
286:
2864:White, Kevin (July 19, 2014).
2678:roller coaster camelback hill.
2654:Urbanowicz, Steven J. (2002).
2592:
2568:Chavez, Jon (14 August 2012).
2303:
2255:element. There are two types.
2214:(RMC) installations including
2159:
1997:
1906:is a large inversion found on
1095:
859:, Shock at Rainbow MagicLand,
219:
196:traveling roller coaster, and
53:
13:
1:
3637:Salterq, Rosa (May 2, 2001).
3354:Glaser, Susan (May 9, 2013).
2373:
2238:
2026:
1967:are examples of raven turns.
1926:
1294:
1249:(can be seen near the middle)
1196:Great American Scream Machine
966:
615:
564:Some roller coasters feature
473:exit. On some rides, such as
157:
3440:"Superman - Ultimate Flight"
2695:Orlando Attractions Magazine
2035:A twisted horseshoe roll on
1970:
1479:
1439:
1341:
1253:
1071:
742:
591:
576:Non-inverting track elements
370:
212:, and other spinning rides.
90:
7:
2361:
2212:Rocky Mountain Construction
1436:at Six Flags Fiesta Texas.
1186:during the construction of
1056:feature a top hat element.
977:Rocky Mountain Construction
916:Rocky Mountain Construction
865:Six Flags Discovery Kingdom
697:
500:
175:The Incredible Hulk Coaster
124:
40:often compete to build the
10:
3986:
3773:Roller coasters by country
2809:"Non Inverting Cobra Roll"
2450:"How Roller Coasters Work"
2368:Physics of roller coasters
2281:Busch Gardens Williamsburg
2146:Busch Gardens Williamsburg
2126:The interlocking loops on
2091:
2013:Disney's Hollywood Studios
1407:
1138:
1088:
1002:
885:Busch Gardens Williamsburg
843:The non-inverting loop on
584:Consecutive camelbacks on
548:
543:Wild Mouse roller coasters
522:
509:
461:
430:
385:
301:
94:
84:
57:
3915:
3833:
3820:
3781:
3768:
2979:"Euro-Fighter: Takabisha"
2720:"Roller Coaster Glossary"
2662:. Citadel Press. p.
2113:Great American Revolution
2104:roller coaster inversions
1986:This element, known as a
1916:Superman: Ultimate Flight
1914:. The element debuted on
1753:Superman: Ultimate Flight
1686:Six Flags Great Adventure
1610:An inclined dive loop on
1200:Six Flags Great Adventure
1036:Six Flags Great Adventure
861:Superman: Ultimate Flight
857:Universal Studios Florida
853:Hollywood Rip Ride Rockit
845:Hollywood Rip Ride Rockit
713:Six Flags Great Adventure
637:element, also known as a
495:Universal Studios Florida
491:Hollywood Rip Ride Rockit
365:Six Flags Great Adventure
261:Suspended Looping Coaster
2870:Life Is A Roller Coaster
2722:. Ultimate Rollercoaster
2273:Bolliger & Mabillard
2117:Six Flags Magic Mountain
1949:Six Flags Magic Mountain
1912:Bolliger & Mabillard
1694:Six Flags Magic Mountain
1662:stand-up roller coasters
1398:Bolliger & Mabillard
1236:Drayton Manor Theme Park
1164:Bolliger & Mabillard
1091:Roller coaster inversion
1062:Mr. Freeze Reverse Blast
877:Warner Bros. Movie World
821:non-inverting cobra roll
815:Non-inverting cobra roll
518:
413:linear synchronous motor
278:
272:Bolliger & Mabillard
245:inverted roller coasters
114:The Great Scenic Railway
3965:Linear induction motors
3960:Roller coaster elements
3579:Roller Coaster DataBase
3560:Roller Coaster DataBase
3341:Roller Coaster DataBase
3293:Roller Coaster DataBase
3274:Roller Coaster DataBase
3205:Roller Coaster DataBase
3103:Roller Coaster DataBase
2795:Roller Coaster DataBase
2791:"Junior Immelmann loop"
1590:. A notable example is
1466:Six Flags Great America
1432:at Kennywood Park, and
1420:debuted the feature on
1386:interlocking corkscrews
1245:A butterfly element on
1216:Roller Coaster DataBase
1180:Busch Gardens Tampa Bay
1011:The top hat element on
932:Busch Gardens Tampa Bay
799:is similar to a normal
557:The tunnel entrance on
468:An on-ride camera is a
310:launched roller coaster
3827:
3465:"Pretzel Loop Element"
3076:"Element: Banana Roll"
2313:Atlantis Adventure at
2251:
2172:
2130:
2084:
2053:twisted horseshoe roll
2047:Twisted horseshoe roll
2039:
1983:
1920:Six Flags Over Georgia
1899:
1859:
1807:
1757:Six Flags Over Georgia
1720:
1653:
1614:
1563:
1520:
1492:
1373:, a roller coaster at
1354:
1307:
1289:Six Flags Over Georgia
1262:is sometimes found on
1250:
1151:
1108:
1015:
903:
899:An overbanked turn on
873:DC Rivals Hypercoaster
847:
792:
788:A junior Immelmann on
689:
630:
588:
561:
525:Train (roller coaster)
439:linear induction motor
427:Linear induction motor
383:
333:shuttle roller coaster
299:
247:, the equivalent is a
232:
72:
3826:
3150:St. Joseph News-Press
2866:"Canada's Wonderland"
2519:. February 12, 2019.
2246:
2203:, sometimes called a
2167:
2125:
2079:The vertical loop on
2078:
2034:
1978:
1894:
1854:
1802:
1715:
1648:
1609:
1582:German fighter pilot
1559:An immelmann loop on
1558:
1514:
1487:
1352:ride of the same name
1349:
1302:
1244:
1146:
1103:
1010:
924:Six Flags New England
898:
842:
797:junior Immelmann loop
787:
780:Junior Immelmann loop
685:A hammerhead turn on
684:
625:
583:
556:
378:
294:
227:
67:
3675:on November 29, 2014
3669:Los Angeles Register
2064:(United States) and
1965:China Dinosaurs Park
1803:A norwegian loop on
1716:An in-line twist on
1672:. Examples include:
1649:An inclined loop on
1501:stunt plane maneuver
1212:Marineland of Canada
1125:Nickelodeon Universe
1052:in existence —
394:roller coaster train
312:layout in which the
295:The launch track on
257:Islands of Adventure
179:Islands of Adventure
107:roller coaster train
3596:. Popular Mechanics
3152:. November 24, 1979
2742:"Types of elements"
2331:The Incredible Hulk
2289:Busch Gardens Tampa
2261:Matterhorn Bobsleds
2247:The splash down on
2170:The Incredible Hulk
1428:at Kings Dominion,
1392:at Thorpe Park and
1104:The banana roll on
1066:Six Flags St. Louis
989:Canada's Wonderland
721:Canada's Wonderland
604:, also known as an
118:Luna Park Melbourne
3828:
2954:The New York Times
2422:. March 25, 2022.
2420:Theme Park Tourist
2252:
2201:zero-gravity stall
2173:
2138:interlocking loops
2131:
2115:, which opened at
2085:
2040:
1984:
1937:4D roller coasters
1900:
1895:A pretzel loop on
1869:Moonsault Scramble
1860:
1855:A pretzel knot on
1831:'s roller coaster
1808:
1721:
1670:Floorless Coasters
1654:
1619:inclined dive loop
1615:
1602:Inclined dive loop
1564:
1527:, also known as a
1521:
1493:
1375:Knott's Berry Farm
1355:
1308:
1251:
1152:
1109:
1085:Inverting elements
1016:
997:Silver Dollar City
904:
848:
835:Non-inverting loop
793:
690:
631:
589:
562:
415:system as seen on
384:
300:
233:
73:
3947:
3946:
3711:. YouTube. 2018.
3316:on 16 August 2012
2574:Norwalk Reflector
2548:Los Angeles Times
2394:Los Angeles Times
2181:zero-gravity roll
2168:A zero-g roll on
2142:Loch Ness Monster
2128:Loch Ness Monster
1749:Six Flags America
1690:Riddler's Revenge
1623:Hydra the Revenge
1448:(also known as a
1228:Maurer Rides GmbH
920:Superman the Ride
867:, Flying Aces at
343:element, such as
228:A headchopper on
146:The traditional "
68:A banked turn on
16:(Redirected from
3977:
3935:
3934:
3923:
3922:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3671:. Archived from
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3383:"Norwegian Loop"
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3361:The Plain Dealer
3351:
3345:
3344:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2918:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2840:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2748:on June 22, 2017
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2697:. April 23, 2009
2687:
2681:
2680:
2661:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2635:on June 12, 2015
2624:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2602:. Archived from
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2576:. Archived from
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2384:
2345:SeaWorld Orlando
1773:SeaWorld Orlando
1303:A cobra roll on
1222:Bent Cuban eight
1121:TMNT Shellraiser
1055:
1044:
1040:
753:Spinning Coaster
737:SeaWorld Orlando
702:
700:#Overbanked turn
626:A double dip on
405:Millennium Force
322:potential energy
253:Dragon Challenge
134:trains when the
21:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3970:Transport lists
3950:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3911:
3887:Stadium seating
3829:
3818:
3777:
3764:
3762:Roller coasters
3759:
3729:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3590:
3586:
3573:Marden, Duane.
3571:
3567:
3554:Marden, Duane.
3552:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3500:
3498:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3352:
3348:
3335:Marden, Duane.
3333:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3300:
3287:Marden, Duane.
3285:
3281:
3268:Marden, Duane.
3266:
3262:
3255:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3199:Marden, Duane.
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3130:
3128:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3097:Marden, Duane.
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3074:Marden, Duane.
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3051:Marden, Duane.
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2929:
2923:"Lightning Rod"
2921:Winslett, Jim.
2919:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2897:on May 30, 2012
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2845:on June 2, 2013
2838:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2789:Marden, Duane.
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2625:
2618:
2609:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2580:on 4 March 2016
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2446:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2364:
2306:
2241:
2236:
2234:Visual elements
2193:
2162:
2096:
2090:
2049:
2029:
2000:
1979:A roll over on
1973:
1957:Fuji-Q Highland
1929:
1908:flying coasters
1889:
1873:Fuji-Q Highland
1849:
1797:
1729:flying coasters
1710:
1643:
1604:
1553:
1509:
1488:A dive loop on
1482:
1442:
1426:Twisted Timbers
1410:
1390:Nemesis Inferno
1344:
1297:
1256:
1224:
1208:Dragon Mountain
1141:
1117:Fuji-Q Highland
1098:
1093:
1087:
1074:
1053:
1042:
1038:
1005:
969:
940:
908:overbanked turn
893:
891:Overbanked turn
837:
817:
782:
745:
694:hammerhead turn
679:
677:Hammerhead turn
618:
594:
578:
551:
535:universal joint
527:
521:
512:
503:
466:
460:
435:
429:
390:
373:
306:
289:
281:
222:
194:Olympia Looping
177:at Universal's
160:
127:
99:
93:
62:
56:
51:
49:Common elements
38:Amusement parks
30:Roller coasters
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3983:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3929:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3907:Wheel assembly
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3877:On-ride camera
3874:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3726:
3700:
3686:
3655:
3629:
3607:
3584:
3565:
3546:
3535:. CoasterForce
3521:
3507:
3478:
3456:
3431:
3415:"Pretzel Knot"
3403:
3374:
3346:
3327:
3298:
3279:
3260:
3254:978-1500699963
3253:
3235:
3210:
3191:
3163:
3137:
3108:
3089:
3066:
3043:
3017:
2992:
2967:
2939:
2908:
2882:
2856:
2824:
2800:
2781:
2759:
2733:
2708:
2682:
2672:
2646:
2616:
2591:
2560:
2534:
2504:
2471:
2437:
2407:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2338:
2328:
2318:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2268:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2192:
2189:
2161:
2158:
2150:Orient Express
2134:Arrow Dynamics
2092:Main article:
2089:
2086:
2048:
2045:
2028:
2025:
1999:
1996:
1972:
1969:
1928:
1925:
1888:
1885:
1848:
1845:
1812:Norwegian loop
1796:
1795:Norwegian loop
1793:
1709:
1706:
1668:, and B&M
1642:
1639:
1603:
1600:
1576:Immelmann turn
1568:Immelmann loop
1552:
1551:Immelmann loop
1549:
1525:heartline roll
1508:
1507:Heartline roll
1505:
1481:
1478:
1450:wing over drop
1441:
1438:
1418:Arrow Dynamics
1409:
1406:
1379:Arrow Dynamics
1377:, designed by
1367:vertical loops
1363:corkscrew tool
1343:
1340:
1320:vertical loops
1296:
1293:
1255:
1252:
1223:
1220:
1188:Orient Express
1184:Arrow Dynamics
1140:
1137:
1097:
1094:
1089:Main article:
1086:
1083:
1073:
1070:
1004:
1001:
968:
965:
953:Walibi Holland
945:Werner Stengel
939:
936:
892:
889:
836:
833:
829:Walibi Belgium
816:
813:
801:Immelmann loop
781:
778:
744:
741:
678:
675:
663:John A. Miller
617:
614:
602:camelback hill
593:
590:
586:Grand National
577:
574:
550:
547:
539:railroad train
523:Main article:
520:
517:
511:
508:
502:
499:
483:Rocky's Rapids
464:On-ride camera
462:Main article:
459:
458:On-ride camera
456:
428:
425:
386:Main article:
381:Walibi Holland
372:
369:
326:kinetic energy
302:Main article:
288:
285:
280:
277:
221:
218:
159:
156:
126:
123:
95:Main article:
92:
89:
55:
52:
50:
47:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3982:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3940:
3939:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Underfriction
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3853:Vertical loop
3851:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Manufacturers
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3696:
3690:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3617:
3611:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3517:
3511:
3497:on 2007-08-26
3496:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3466:
3460:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3393:on 2007-08-26
3392:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3127:on 2007-08-26
3126:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3104:
3100:
3093:
3077:
3070:
3054:
3053:"Banana Roll"
3047:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2943:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2770:. Cedar Point
2769:
2763:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2673:9780806523095
2669:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2650:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2606:on 2018-08-12
2605:
2601:
2595:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2475:
2459:
2456:. p. 3.
2455:
2454:HowStuffWorks
2451:
2444:
2442:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2250:
2245:
2231:
2229:
2228:Steel Curtain
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2205:Top Gun stall
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2154:Worlds of Fun
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2100:vertical loop
2095:
2094:Vertical loop
2088:Vertical loop
2082:
2081:Full Throttle
2077:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2044:
2038:
2033:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:Speed Monster
1813:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:wing coasters
1730:
1726:
1725:in-line twist
1719:
1714:
1708:In-line twist
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:Green Lantern
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:Wing Coasters
1663:
1659:
1658:inclined loop
1652:
1647:
1641:Inclined loop
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:Dive Coasters
1585:
1584:Max Immelmann
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1545:in-line twist
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1513:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:Steel Curtain
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1336:Morey's Piers
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:Worlds of Fun
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:A batwing on
1145:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1129:Steel Curtain
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1106:Steel Curtain
1102:
1092:
1082:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:the only two
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
902:
897:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:Ferrari World
866:
862:
858:
854:
846:
841:
832:
830:
826:
822:
812:
810:
809:Phantasialand
806:
802:
798:
791:
786:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:Dragon's Fury
759:
754:
750:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:hypercoasters
701:
695:
688:
683:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
629:
624:
620:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
587:
582:
573:
571:
567:
560:
555:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
526:
516:
515:are waiting.
507:
498:
496:
492:
488:
487:Indiana Beach
484:
480:
476:
475:Saw: The Ride
471:
465:
455:
453:
447:
445:
444:eddy currents
440:
434:
424:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
389:
382:
377:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
305:
298:
293:
284:
276:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
238:
231:
226:
217:
213:
211:
207:
206:ferris wheels
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
155:
153:
149:
144:
142:
137:
133:
122:
119:
115:
110:
108:
104:
98:
88:
86:
82:
78:
71:
66:
61:
46:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
19:
3936:
3924:
3860:Launch track
3717:. Retrieved
3703:
3695:"Le Vampire"
3689:
3679:November 24,
3677:. Retrieved
3673:the original
3668:
3658:
3648:November 24,
3646:. Retrieved
3643:Morning Call
3642:
3632:
3620:. Retrieved
3610:
3598:. Retrieved
3587:
3568:
3549:
3537:. Retrieved
3533:"Inversions"
3510:
3499:. Retrieved
3495:the original
3490:
3487:"Raven Turn"
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3459:
3447:. Retrieved
3443:
3434:
3422:. Retrieved
3418:
3395:. Retrieved
3391:the original
3386:
3377:
3365:. Retrieved
3359:
3349:
3330:
3318:. Retrieved
3314:the original
3282:
3263:
3244:
3238:
3226:. Retrieved
3222:
3213:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3178:
3154:. Retrieved
3149:
3140:
3129:. Retrieved
3125:the original
3120:
3111:
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3046:
3034:. Retrieved
3030:
3020:
3008:. Retrieved
2983:. Retrieved
2958:. Retrieved
2952:
2942:
2930:. Retrieved
2926:
2899:. Retrieved
2895:the original
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:the original
2836:"Fact Sheet"
2816:. Retrieved
2812:
2803:
2784:
2772:. Retrieved
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2746:the original
2736:
2724:. Retrieved
2699:. Retrieved
2694:
2685:
2677:
2657:
2649:
2637:. Retrieved
2633:the original
2608:. Retrieved
2604:the original
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2578:the original
2573:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2547:
2537:
2525:. Retrieved
2516:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2484:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2453:
2428:. Retrieved
2419:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2392:
2382:
2325:Energylandia
2307:
2297:Kings Island
2253:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2197:zero-g stall
2196:
2194:
2191:Zero-g stall
2180:
2176:
2174:
2140:, including
2137:
2132:
2099:
2097:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2021:Alton Towers
2003:
2001:
1987:
1985:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1904:pretzel loop
1903:
1901:
1887:Pretzel loop
1881:Kings Island
1864:pretzel knot
1863:
1861:
1847:Pretzel knot
1811:
1809:
1805:SpeedMonster
1765:Kings Island
1741:Alton Towers
1724:
1722:
1657:
1655:
1618:
1616:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1517:inline twist
1496:
1494:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1422:Drachen Fire
1413:
1411:
1401:
1385:
1383:
1358:
1356:
1325:
1311:
1309:
1273:Parc Astérix
1259:
1257:
1234:that was at
1225:
1203:
1155:
1153:
1110:
1075:
1058:
1047:
1024:Top Thrill 2
1019:
1017:
972:
970:
941:
938:Stengel dive
907:
905:
849:
820:
818:
796:
794:
748:
746:
729:Kings Island
693:
691:
666:
642:
638:
634:
632:
619:
606:airtime hill
605:
601:
597:
595:
570:Iron Rattler
563:
528:
513:
504:
467:
448:
436:
433:Linear motor
421:
398:
391:
353:Top Thrill 2
330:
307:
304:Launch track
297:SpeedMonster
287:Launch track
282:
270:models from
268:Wing Coaster
265:
249:foot chopper
248:
242:
236:
234:
214:
210:Pirate Ships
183:
161:
145:
128:
111:
100:
76:
74:
28:
26:
3882:Single-rail
3719:13 December
3539:January 11,
3289:"Dive Drop"
3223:COASTER-net
3156:October 26,
2927:ElloCoaster
2355:Cedar Point
2315:Lotte World
2304:Water spout
2293:Diamondback
2177:zero-g roll
2160:Zero-g roll
2148:(1978) and
2072:(Germany).
2070:Europa-Park
2062:Cedar Point
2011:located at
2004:sea serpent
1998:Sea serpent
1992:Vekoma SLCs
1829:Hersheypark
1789:Thorpe Park
1718:Furius Baco
1702:Thorpe Park
1678:Cedar Point
1635:Cedar Point
1596:Cedar Point
1580:World War I
1541:Thorpe Park
1529:barrel roll
1490:Dragon Khan
1474:Cedar Point
1458:Thorpe Park
1332:Sea Serpent
1166:(B&M).
1096:Banana roll
1028:Cedar Point
957:Thunderbolt
805:Black Mamba
774:Hersheypark
725:Diamondback
657:located at
655:Jack Rabbit
649:located at
647:Jack Rabbit
643:double down
639:double drop
628:Jack Rabbit
479:Thorpe Park
409:Cedar Point
357:Cedar Point
349:Thorpe Park
237:headchopper
220:Headchopper
148:pirate ship
77:banked turn
70:Dragon Khan
60:Banked turn
54:Banked turn
18:Zero-g roll
3954:Categories
3835:Technology
3618:. RCDB.com
3501:2007-09-28
3467:. RCDB.com
3397:2007-09-30
3310:"The Ride"
3228:August 22,
3131:2007-09-28
3031:Coaster101
2960:August 24,
2932:August 24,
2818:2021-07-04
2610:2018-08-12
2517:Coaster101
2374:References
2265:Disneyland
2239:Splashdown
2027:Sidewinder
2017:The Smiler
1933:raven turn
1927:Raven turn
1833:Fahrenheit
1735:, such as
1664:, B&M
1631:GateKeeper
1612:GateKeeper
1470:GateKeeper
1402:flat spin,
1312:cobra roll
1305:Alpengeist
1295:Cobra roll
1160:cobra roll
993:Outlaw Run
973:speed hill
967:Speed hill
928:Iron Gwazi
901:Iron Gwazi
770:Laff Trakk
635:double dip
616:Double dip
431:See also:
202:Galaxyland
198:Mindbender
171:brake runs
158:Drive tire
58:See also:
3872:Lift hill
3848:Inversion
3843:Brake run
3471:April 22,
3449:August 5,
3320:17 August
3219:"G Force"
3117:"Batwing"
2584:17 August
2553:17 August
2486:USA Today
2119:in 1976.
2066:Blue Fire
1988:roll over
1971:Roll over
1961:Dinoconda
1953:Eejanaika
1821:TusenFryd
1785:The Swarm
1781:Gardaland
1737:Galactica
1698:The Swarm
1561:Afterburn
1497:dive loop
1480:Dive loop
1454:The Swarm
1446:dive drop
1440:Dive drop
1371:Corkscrew
1359:corkscrew
1342:Corkscrew
1338:in 1984.
1328:Boomerang
1326:Vekoma's
1285:Blue Hawk
1260:butterfly
1254:Butterfly
1247:Blue Hawk
1172:Carowinds
1168:Afterburn
1133:Kennywood
1113:Takabisha
1072:Wave turn
1032:Kingda Ka
1013:Kingda Ka
985:Leviathan
961:Luna Park
758:horseshoe
749:horseshoe
743:Horseshoe
667:double up
659:Seabreeze
651:Kennywood
598:camelback
592:Camelback
388:Lift hill
371:Lift hill
361:Kingda Ka
318:lift hill
164:motorized
97:Brake run
91:Brake run
3926:Category
3865:Rollback
3809:Rankings
3789:Elements
3782:Overview
3713:Archived
3622:June 12,
3600:June 12,
3491:Glossary
3444:rcdb.com
3424:June 26,
3419:RCDB.com
3387:Glossary
3179:RCDB.com
3175:"Bowtie"
3121:Glossary
2875:July 31,
2849:9 August
2813:rcdb.com
2774:June 12,
2752:June 12,
2726:June 12,
2701:June 12,
2639:June 12,
2521:Archived
2491:Archived
2458:Archived
2424:Archived
2362:See also
2351:Maverick
2321:Hyperion
2220:Wildfire
2107:massive
2058:Maverick
2037:Maverick
1981:Infusion
1841:Liseberg
1761:Firehawk
1674:Rougarou
1537:Colossus
1462:X-Flight
1269:Goudurix
1149:Goudurix
1050:coasters
981:G-forces
881:Tempesto
717:Behemoth
687:Behemoth
671:Stampida
559:Oblivion
501:Pre-drop
417:Maverick
337:rollback
141:air time
136:solenoid
125:Buzz bar
81:G-forces
3938:Commons
3892:Station
3804:Physics
3794:History
3367:May 11,
3184:June 6,
3082:June 5,
3059:May 11,
3036:June 5,
3010:June 5,
2985:June 5,
2901:June 8,
2527:May 14,
2497:May 14,
2464:May 13,
2430:May 12,
2400:May 12,
2285:SheiKra
2277:Griffon
2249:Griffon
2224:S&S
2216:Goliath
2185:g-force
2109:g-force
1877:Banshee
1857:Banshee
1745:Batwing
1592:Valravn
1414:cutback
1408:Cutback
1277:Plailly
1232:G Force
1156:batwing
1139:Batwing
1078:airtime
1054:
1043:
1039:
1020:top hat
1003:Top hat
949:Goliath
912:Intamin
610:airtime
566:tunnels
549:Tunnels
531:vehicle
510:Station
489:, and
411:; or a
345:Stealth
341:top hat
230:El Toro
34:airtime
3251:
3078:. RCDB
3055:. RCDB
2670:
2291:, and
1959:, and
1825:Norway
1777:Raptor
1696:; and
1468:, and
1394:Medusa
1281:France
1264:Vekoma
1204:bowtie
1048:strata
825:Kondaa
470:camera
452:potted
359:, and
192:, The
190:Zierer
186:Vekoma
152:Troika
3897:Train
3814:Types
2839:(PDF)
2341:Manta
1910:from
1897:Tatsu
1837:Helix
1769:Manta
1651:Chang
1316:cobra
1283:, or
1176:Montu
709:Nitro
519:Train
401:chain
314:train
279:Helix
103:track
85:helix
3721:2018
3681:2014
3650:2014
3624:2014
3602:2014
3541:2016
3473:2014
3451:2019
3426:2019
3369:2013
3322:2012
3249:ISBN
3230:2019
3186:2022
3158:2020
3084:2020
3061:2024
3038:2020
3012:2020
2987:2020
2962:2019
2934:2019
2903:2012
2877:2019
2851:2012
2776:2015
2754:2015
2728:2015
2703:2015
2668:ISBN
2641:2015
2586:2012
2555:2012
2529:2024
2499:2024
2466:2024
2432:2024
2402:2024
2218:and
2015:and
2002:The
1902:The
1835:and
1783:and
1731:and
1629:and
1533:line
1310:The
1174:and
1127:and
1030:and
991:and
955:and
914:and
879:and
790:Icon
768:and
733:Mako
731:and
698:see
653:and
437:The
188:and
167:tire
2664:137
2353:at
2343:at
2333:at
2323:at
2295:at
2287:at
2279:at
2263:at
2199:or
2179:or
2152:at
2144:at
2068:at
2060:at
2019:at
1963:at
1955:at
1947:at
1918:at
1879:at
1871:at
1839:at
1819:in
1787:at
1779:at
1771:at
1763:at
1755:at
1747:at
1739:at
1723:An
1700:at
1692:at
1684:at
1676:at
1656:An
1633:at
1625:at
1617:An
1594:at
1566:An
1539:at
1515:An
1472:at
1464:at
1456:at
1334:at
1287:at
1275:in
1271:in
1210:at
1198:at
1190:at
1178:at
1170:at
1131:at
1123:at
1115:at
1064:at
1034:at
1026:at
995:at
987:at
959:at
951:at
930:at
922:at
906:An
883:at
875:at
863:at
855:at
827:at
807:at
772:at
764:at
735:at
727:at
719:at
711:at
641:or
600:or
493:at
485:at
477:at
407:at
363:at
355:at
347:at
255:at
243:On
200:at
116:at
3956::
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1041:—
20:)
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