556:
517:
660:
132:
121:
609:
735:
693:
583:
493:
141:
632:
754:
541:
713:
38:
314:
333:
1244:, which was added to the main church in the monastery by 1219. The origin of this type of vaulting clearly comes from Islamic sources, but it is used very differently here. There are no comparable examples in the Islamic world of using it to form complete vaults with an oculus in the centre. Throughout Anatolia in this period muqarnas were used to form niche heads. It was used for domes elsewhere in the Islamic world, as at
979:
centrally-planned four-columned ante-ecclesial structures is that of Hoṙomos
Monastery, built in 1038 by King Yovhannēs-Smbat together with the Upper Church of St. John (Surb-Yovhannēs). It has a rectangular ground plan and four central columns. The ceiling is shaped like an octagonal cone and is decorated with sumptuous reliefs, while externally an eight-column rotunda rises above the entire construction.
1248:'s 1174 hospital in Damascus, but conceived very differently: the monastic muqarnas are structurally pendentives, whereas the Damascus dome is a succession of stucco squinches. A generation later the Armenian use of muqarnas was re-imported into the Muslim world, and buildings such as the Yakutiye Madrasa in Erzurum (1310) copied the idea of a muqarnas vault around an oculus.
1354:
Many of these overlaps come together in one building, the zhamatun that was added to the early eleventh-century church of the Holy
Apostles in Ani some time shortly before 1217 (the earliest inscription on the building). Note 25: A date of around 1200 is supported by the similarity of the vaulting of
1118:
All the above discussion permits the following conclusions. Those structures that were built next to and almost simultaneously with newly founded churches with the specific purpose of serving a funerary/commemorative function were called žamatun, while those built adjacent to older churches, covering
1528:
The prosperity of the monastery in the thirteenth century was due to the patronage of the
Proshyan prince, who carved out the second cave church in 1283, reached through a rock-cut antechamber which served as their mausoleum. The burials are in a recess behind twin arches, over which two felines on
1203:
Working similarly with cut stone, the Seljuq muqarnas provide a close technical comparison to
Armenian construction. It is worth noting that the corbelled construction of the Armenian muqarnas vaults are technically and structurally closer to the Seljuq examples than they are to typical Armenian
1450:
The original chapel at the site dates from the fifth or sixth century, to which the main church or katholikon was added on the north side. It is dated by inscription to 1244, attributed to the patronage of Prince K'urd and his wife
Xorisali. A separate inscription names a master, presumably the
978:
From the end of the 10th century, simple quadrangular buildings without columns but with wooden roofs appeared adjacent to churches (mainly on the western side), serving as dynastic necropoleis. No particular name was given to them. No particular name was given to them. The oldest of such
1021:
The common nine-bayed plan of the gavit calls to mind the typical nine-bayed mosque plan that spread through-out the
Islamic world from Central Asia to Spain after the Abbasid era; at the same time, the domed, nine-bayed design was common for the naos of both Byzantine and Armenian
167:, the distinctive Armenian style of narthex, appeared in the tenth and eleventh centuries. The first structures in the 10th century were simple quadrangular buildings without columns and protected by wooden roofs, used as dynastic necropoleis. From the 11th century, the first known
659:
516:
948:
Medieval
Armenian architecture: constructions of race and nation Christina Maranci – 2001 "Unlike Strzygowski, who stressed the importance of race and nation in the formation of architecture, ... Another structure at Ani also provided Baltrusaitis with an
555:
734:
427:, different from the typical Armenian vault construction, which used thin stone facing on mortared rubble. This form was replaced by a square room with four columns, divided into nine sections with a dome in the center. The
492:
1161:
lts. Above the square central space was a complex muqarnas vault, measuring just over 5 m on each side, with a central erdik or oculus, which may have originally been covered by a colonnated canopy.
608:
1483:
1464:
1402:
582:
229:
1109:
1057:
1035:
969:
894:
875:
373:
was used to refer to new structures built more-or-less contemporaneously with the neighbouring church to serve funerary or commemorative functions, while the terms
466:
built in 1181 has four tall free-standing internal pillars supporting arches. The pillars and their bases are elaborately decorated. In the same complex, the
381:" had an ancient meaning of "open courtyard" referring to the existing space around old churches where the graves of the nobility were already placed, while
436:
692:
244:, gave my vineyard located in Kołb to this church of mine, Surb-Yovannēs, which I have built in this monastery of Hoṙomos, along with this žamatun...
1119:
already existing gravestones were called gawit'. This hypothesis is further confirmed by a historical-philological analysis of the respective terms.
153:
of the Church of St. Amenaprkitch (left, built 1181) and the church itself, to which it is adjoined (right, built in 966), with corresponding plan.
631:
753:
1451:
builder, named
Yovhanes. The large gavit or narthex was constructed immediately following the church, and must have been completed by ca. 1250.
712:
1355:
the zhamatun of the monastery at
Bagnayr, where the earliest inscription dates to 1201: Basmadjian, Inscriptions arméniennes d'Ani, no. 150.
79:) is a congressional room or mausoleum added to the entrance of a church, and therefore often contiguous to its west side, in a Medieval
1508:
The inscription carved on the north wall of the church, shows the date of foundation in 1283, and the name of the donator, Prince Prosh.
359:
only looks like a big rectangular block in front of a church, often with a colonnaded belvedere on top convering the hole of the
95:. As an architectural element, the gavit was distinct from the church, and built afterwards. Its first known instance is at the
131:
1271:
926:
448:
1573:
1568:
1296:
805:
562:
258:
for such buildings appears for the first time more than a century later in 1181 in the dedicatory inscription at the
120:
470:
of the Mother of God church is a three-nave hall with lower arches and less elaborate decorations on the pillars.
1529:
leashes and an eagle with a lamb in its talons, the family's armoured bearings have been sculpted in bold relief.
1422:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages"
1175:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages"
1133:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages"
993:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages"
830:"A Muqarnas Drawing from Thirteenth-Century Armenia and the Use of Architectural Drawings during the Middle Ages"
918:
Rediscovering
Armenia: An Archaeological/touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia
447:(1310). The "lightwell" itself, with central oculus, is known in Anatolian art from earlier periods, as in the
194:. The type of construction changed during the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, as found in the monasteries of
937:(a more southerly dynast) in 1211, that of Amenaprkich in 1181 under the sponsorship of the Kyurikian family.
540:
424:
1563:
1501:
1076:
435:
vault with oculus was not found in the Muslim world until it was copied about a century later, as in
99:, dated to 1038, when it was already called "žamatun". The term "gavit" started to replace the term
1541:
744:
202:
Monastery. They changed again in the late thirteenth century as can be seen in monasteries such as
17:
747:(1283). The tombs are behind the twin arches. The entrance to the Proshyan chapel is to the right.
209:
The general structure of the gavit, with its nine-bayed plan is typical of the nine-bayed plan of
1236:
vault. A fine example is the complex muqarnas that was used to build up the central vault of the
1341:
Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia
1314:
Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia
1219:
Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia
665:
92:
1261:
916:
683:
503:
431:
motif was clearly inspired by Islamic sources, but it was used differently, and the Armenian
406:
360:
342:
267:
172:
789:
637:
377:
referred to a space built next to older churches, covering existing ancient gravestones. "
240:
In the year of the Armenians 487 (ie 1038), I, the šahanšah Yovannēs, son of the šahanšah
179:. The vault was in the shape of an octogonal cone, and was decorated with superb reliefs.
8:
409:) center, and adorned with eight decorated slabs, as seen in the earliest known gavit at
140:
280:
241:
1367:
176:
1520:
1441:
1386:
1292:
1267:
1194:
1152:
1012:
922:
849:
801:
618:
599:
527:
459:
323:
294:, I, Yovannēs, Abbot of the holy monastery (re)built this once existing church and a
259:
233:
154:
104:
96:
42:
1484:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
1465:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
1433:
1403:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
1345:
1317:
1245:
1223:
1186:
1144:
1110:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
1087:
1077:"The Zhamatun of Horomos: The Shaping of an Unprecedented Type of Fore-church Hall"
1058:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
1036:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
1004:
970:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
895:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
876:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
841:
785:
644:
440:
284:
1488:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz
1469:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz
1407:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz
1232:
The most obvious architectural form that was adopted in Armenian churches was the
1114:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz
1062:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz
1040:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz
974:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz
899:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz
880:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz
934:
793:
784:
531:
276:
31:
1091:
763:
725:
1349:
1321:
1227:
37:
1557:
1445:
1198:
1156:
1016:
853:
191:
1339:
1217:
699:
272:
222:
199:
195:
1241:
87:(entrance to the church), mausoleum and assembly room, somewhat like the
1204:
vault construction, which had a thin stone facing on a mortared rubble.
703:
313:
798:
The Caucasian knot: the history & geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh
718:
546:
507:
332:
291:
203:
1437:
1190:
1148:
1008:
845:
1237:
1233:
674:
594:
415:
413:
dated 1038. In later types the vault would often be decorated with
300:
47:
45:
in Armenia (UNESCO World Heritage Site). Dated 1215-1225, it has a
1421:
1174:
1132:
992:
829:
1382:
953:— the narthex or gavit' located at the south side of the church."
499:
444:
410:
266:
In the year 630 (ie 1181 CE), at the time of the victorious king
214:
88:
84:
80:
401:
consists of an oblong vault supported by double arches, with an
298:
from its foundations, with the help of amir K‘urd and the great
1381:
ornamentation can be found inside the hall at the monastery of
210:
1377:
The similarity of short and fat columns with capitals bearing
27:
Vestibular feature of Mediaeval Armenian monastic architecture
950:
218:
206:, and gradually ceased to be built in the late Middle Ages.
686:, which may have been covered by a colonnaded canopy. 1250.
458:
On the west side of the Church of the Holy Redeemer in the
236:, which also is the oldest known "žamatun", built in 1038:
190:
were located in the south of the Armenia in the region of
103:
from 1181, when it first appears in an inscription at the
566:
530:, was built in 1181 and has an inscription mentioning
389:" designating a time of the day dedicated to prayer.
451:(built 1228-1229). The last evolution consists of a
1419:
1172:
1130:
990:
827:
933:The gavit of S. Astvatsatsin was built by Prince
423:vault used cut stone in a way similar to that of
1555:
1286:
228:The first mention of a "žamatun" appears in the
249:Dedicatory inscription of the gavit at Horomos.
1316:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–32.
510:") and decorated slabs in an octogonal layout.
74:
62:
1420:Ghazarian, Armen; Ousterhout, Robert (2001).
1173:Ghazarian, Armen; Ousterhout, Robert (2001).
1131:Ghazarian, Armen; Ousterhout, Robert (2001).
991:Ghazarian, Armen; Ousterhout, Robert (2001).
828:Ghazarian, Armen; Ousterhout, Robert (2001).
1103:
1101:
1344:. Cambridge University Press. p. 300.
1222:. Cambridge University Press. p. 297.
455:without columns and with arched ceilings.
171:with a four-columned structure appears in
1481:
1462:
1400:
1107:
1098:
1055:
1033:
967:
892:
873:
304:Grigor and Christ God, with great hope...
1337:
1333:
1331:
1311:
1215:
1074:
1051:
1049:
914:
36:
1259:
963:
961:
959:
910:
908:
419:stalactite designs. This early type of
14:
1556:
1360:
217:period onward, which can be seen from
1475:
1456:
1328:
1084:Journal für Kunst- und Bildgeschichte
1046:
526:of the Church of St. Amenaprkitch in
385:means “house of hours” in Armenian, "
1305:
1291:. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 161.
956:
905:
869:
867:
865:
863:
823:
821:
819:
817:
1338:Eastmond, Antony (1 January 2017).
1312:Eastmond, Antony (1 January 2017).
1216:Eastmond, Antony (1 January 2017).
569:(after 1031, before 1215, probably
24:
1482:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
1463:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
1401:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
1263:The Art and Architecture of Turkey
1124:
1108:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
1056:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
1034:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
968:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
893:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
874:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
25:
1585:
860:
814:
498:The first known zhamatun is from
473:
449:Divriği Great Mosque and Hospital
752:
733:
711:
691:
658:
630:
607:
581:
554:
539:
515:
491:
331:
312:
139:
130:
119:
1534:
1513:
1494:
1413:
1394:
1280:
1253:
1209:
1166:
1068:
1289:Armenia: with Nagorno Karabagh
1075:Kazaryan, Armen (2 May 2022).
1027:
984:
942:
886:
778:
13:
1:
915:Kiesling, John Brady (2001).
771:
647:
570:
425:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
392:
7:
1521:"Unesco. Geghard Monastery"
1266:. Oxford University Press.
1092:10.48633/ksttx.2014.3.88328
921:. Tigran Mets. p. 48.
563:Church of the Holy Apostles
486:, ordered chronologically:
230:1038 dedicatory inscription
10:
1590:
1574:Armenian words and phrases
110:
29:
1569:Eastern Christian liturgy
1350:10.1017/9781316711774.011
1322:10.1017/9781316711774.003
1287:Nicholas Holding (2006).
1228:10.1017/9781316711774.011
800:. Zed Books. p. 84.
502:, dated 1038. Vault with
75:
63:
745:Prince Prosh Khaghbakian
254:The mention of the term
175:, built in 1038 by King
83:monastery. It served as
1260:Akurgal, Ekrem (1980).
702:, completed in 1250 by
678:design, with a central
478:Some major examples of
1375:. Unesco. p. 31.
1369:Ani Cultural Landscape
666:Astvatsankal Monastery
397:The earliest style of
306:
252:
52:
766:and his wife Ruzukana
625:, 1211 (no lightwell)
343:Harichavank Monastery
264:
262:by Abbot Yovhannēs:
238:
40:
638:Haghartsin Monastery
617:in the first style,
351:From the outside, a
198:of Haritchavank, or
51:vault at the center.
30:For other uses, see
1564:Church architecture
1387:Bagnayr Monasteries
672:and its vault with
790:Patrick Donabédian
623:Sourp Astvatsatsin
598:-decorated vault,
182:Many of the first
53:
1273:978-0-8478-0273-9
928:978-99930-52-28-9
726:Hasan-Jalal Dawla
619:Sanahin Monastery
600:Bagnayr Monastery
528:Sanahin Monastery
460:Sanahin Monastery
324:Horomos Monastery
260:Sanahin Monastery
234:Horomos Monastery
173:Hoṙomos Monastery
155:Sanahin Monastery
105:Sanahin Monastery
97:Horomos Monastery
43:Geghard Monastery
16:(Redirected from
1581:
1548:
1547:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1398:
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1391:
1374:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1246:Nur al-Din Zangi
1213:
1207:
1206:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1105:
1096:
1095:
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1024:
988:
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939:
912:
903:
902:
890:
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871:
858:
857:
825:
812:
811:
786:Levon Chorbajian
782:
762:(1288), tomb of
756:
737:
715:
695:
662:
652:
649:
645:Ivane I Zakarian
634:
611:
585:
575:
572:
558:
543:
519:
495:
441:Yakutiye Madrasa
335:
316:
250:
143:
134:
123:
93:Byzantine church
78:
77:
76:ժամատուն žamatun
66:
65:
21:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1582:
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1578:
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1476:
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1457:
1438:10.2307/1523305
1418:
1414:
1399:
1395:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1336:
1329:
1310:
1306:
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1214:
1210:
1191:10.2307/1523305
1171:
1167:
1149:10.2307/1523305
1129:
1125:
1106:
1099:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1054:
1047:
1032:
1028:
1009:10.2307/1523305
989:
985:
966:
957:
947:
943:
935:Vache Vachutian
929:
913:
906:
891:
887:
872:
861:
846:10.2307/1523305
826:
815:
808:
794:Claude Mutafian
783:
779:
774:
767:
757:
748:
738:
729:
724:, dedicated by
716:
707:
696:
687:
663:
654:
650:
635:
626:
612:
603:
586:
577:
573:
559:
550:
544:
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532:Sargis Zakarian
520:
511:
496:
476:
395:
367:
366:
365:
364:
348:
347:
346:
336:
328:
327:
317:
251:
248:
177:Yovhannēs-Smbat
161:
160:
159:
158:
146:
145:
144:
136:
135:
126:
125:
124:
113:
35:
32:Gavit (surname)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1550:
1549:
1533:
1512:
1493:
1474:
1455:
1412:
1393:
1359:
1327:
1304:
1297:
1279:
1272:
1252:
1208:
1165:
1123:
1097:
1067:
1045:
1026:
983:
955:
941:
927:
904:
885:
859:
813:
806:
776:
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
764:Papak Proshyan
758:
751:
749:
739:
732:
730:
717:
710:
708:
704:Kurd Vachutian
697:
690:
688:
664:
657:
655:
636:
629:
627:
613:
606:
604:
587:
580:
578:
560:
553:
551:
545:
538:
536:
521:
514:
512:
497:
490:
475:
474:Major examples
472:
394:
391:
369:It seems that
350:
349:
337:
330:
329:
318:
311:
310:
309:
308:
307:
246:
148:
147:
138:
137:
129:
128:
127:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
112:
109:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1586:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1546:. p. 42.
1545:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1506:. p. 8.
1505:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1298:1-84162-163-3
1294:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
987:
980:
975:
971:
964:
962:
960:
952:
945:
938:
936:
930:
924:
920:
919:
911:
909:
900:
896:
889:
881:
877:
870:
868:
866:
864:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
824:
822:
820:
818:
809:
807:1-85649-288-5
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
777:
765:
761:
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750:
746:
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736:
731:
727:
723:
720:
714:
709:
705:
701:
694:
689:
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676:
671:
667:
661:
656:
646:
642:
639:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
610:
605:
602:, dated 1201.
601:
597:
596:
591:
584:
579:
568:
564:
561:Gavit in the
557:
552:
548:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
494:
489:
488:
487:
485:
481:
471:
469:
465:
462:complex, the
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
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384:
380:
376:
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362:
358:
354:
344:
340:
334:
325:
321:
315:
305:
303:
302:
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
279:and his sons
278:
275:
274:
269:
263:
261:
257:
245:
243:
237:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
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193:
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180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
156:
152:
142:
133:
122:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:or lite of a
90:
86:
82:
72:
71:
60:
59:
50:
49:
44:
39:
33:
19:
1542:
1536:
1527:
1515:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1477:
1468:
1458:
1449:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1406:
1396:
1378:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1353:
1340:
1313:
1307:
1288:
1282:
1262:
1255:
1231:
1218:
1211:
1202:
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1178:
1168:
1160:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1083:
1070:
1061:
1039:
1029:
1020:
1000:
996:
986:
977:
973:
944:
932:
917:
898:
888:
879:
837:
833:
797:
780:
759:
740:
721:
700:Hovhannavank
679:
673:
669:
640:
622:
614:
593:
589:
523:
483:
479:
477:
467:
463:
457:
452:
432:
428:
420:
414:
405:(lantern or
402:
398:
396:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
368:
356:
352:
338:
319:
299:
295:
288:
273:amirspasalar
271:
265:
255:
253:
239:
227:
223:Central Asia
208:
200:Hovhannavank
196:Saghmosavank
187:
183:
181:
168:
164:
162:
150:
100:
69:
68:
64:գավիթ gawit‘
57:
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54:
46:
1242:Harichavank
840:: 145–146.
651: 1215
588:Remains of
574: 1200
345:, 1201-1219
73:(Armenian:
1558:Categories
1064:: 216–217.
772:References
443:in nearby
61:(Armenian
1446:0732-2992
1199:0732-2992
1157:0732-2992
1017:0732-2992
854:0732-2992
719:Gandzasar
698:Gavit of
643:built by
547:Goshavank
508:lightwell
484:zhamatuns
437:the vault
393:Structure
213:from the
204:Gandzasar
101:zhamatum'
41:Gavit of
1426:Muqarnas
1379:muqarnas
1238:zhamatun
1234:muqarnas
1179:Muqarnas
1137:Muqarnas
1086:: 1–14.
997:Muqarnas
834:Muqarnas
796:(1994).
760:Zhamatun
741:Zhamatun
728:in 1261.
722:zhamatun
675:muqarnas
641:zhamatun
595:muqarnas
590:zhamatun
433:muqarnas
429:muqarnas
421:muqarnas
416:muqarnas
383:žami tun
371:zhamatun
357:zhamatun
339:Zhamatun
320:Zhamatun
301:vardapet
247:—
184:zhamatun
169:zhamatun
81:Armenian
70:zhamatun
48:muqarnas
18:Zhamatun
1543:Geghard
1503:Geghard
1432:: 145.
1383:Horomos
1185:: 151.
1143:: 145.
1116:: 221.
1022:church.
1003:: 146.
976:: 207.
549:(1197).
500:Horomos
445:Erzurum
439:of the
411:Horomos
281:Zak‘arē
215:Abassid
211:mosques
111:History
89:narthex
85:narthex
1490:: 213.
1471:: 212.
1444:
1409:: 211.
1295:
1270:
1197:
1155:
1042:: 210.
1015:
925:
901:: 208.
882:: 207.
852:
804:
684:oculus
668:: the
504:oculus
480:gavits
407:oculus
379:Gawit‘
361:oculus
326:, 1038
296:gawit‘
287:, and
277:Sargis
270:, and
192:Syunik
188:gavits
1524:(PDF)
1373:(PDF)
1080:(PDF)
951:ogive
680:erdik
670:gavit
615:Gavit
592:with
524:gavit
468:gavit
464:gavit
453:gavit
403:erdik
399:gavit
375:gavit
353:gavit
292:K‘urd
289:amira
285:Iwanē
268:Georg
256:gavit
242:Gagik
219:Spain
165:gavit
151:gavit
67:) or
58:gavit
1442:ISSN
1385:and
1293:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1195:ISSN
1153:ISSN
1013:ISSN
923:ISBN
850:ISSN
802:ISBN
522:The
482:and
283:and
163:The
149:The
1434:doi
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1318:doi
1240:at
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842:doi
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682:or
567:Ani
565:in
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322:of
232:of
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186:or
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