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1389:, who was then a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, acknowledged he had sided with Zhao in opposing martial law, but said that Deng's 9 June speech made him realize his "thinking was not clear in the face of great issues of right and wrong affecting the Party's and the state's future and fate". Hu was subsequently purged from his position, but held several ministerial and ceremonial positions in the 1990s, along with the benefits granted to retired leaders. Zhao himself later described some of the speeches at the meeting as "entirely in the style of the Cultural Revolution", saying his opponents engaged in "reversing black and white, exaggerating personal offenses, taking quotes out of context, issuing slanders and lies". The full details of this meeting were not made public until 2019, when transcripts from the meeting were published by New Century Press in Hong Kong, who had obtained copies from a party official.
1308:
As time goes on, your body will be damaged beyond repair, it could be very life-threatening. Now the most important thing is to end this strike. I know, your hunger strike is to hope that the Party and the government will give you a satisfying answer. I feel that our communication is open. Some of these problems can only be solved through certain procedures. For example, you have mentioned the nature of the incident, the question of responsibility; I feel that those problems can be resolved eventually, we can reach a mutual agreement in the end. However, you should also know that the situation is very complicated, it is going to be a long process. You can't continue the hunger strike longer than seven days, and still insist on receiving a satisfying answer before ending the hunger strike.
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834:(1958โ1961) created an artificial famine, Mao publicly blamed the nation's food shortages on the greed of rich peasants, who were supposedly hiding China's huge surplus production from the government. Zhao subsequently led a local campaign aimed at torturing peasants into revealing their food supplies, which did not exist. On the other hand, Zhao worked with regional party officials to put in place arrangements that allowed peasants to profit from the sale of their crops. These projects were masked by ambiguous names such as "a control system for field management" to hide them from Mao, who would have forbidden the projects. According to Zhao, areas where these plans were implemented had a much lower death toll from famine.
1215:, were constantly at odds with Zhao in economic and fiscal policy making. Zhao was under growing pressure to combat runaway corruption by rank-and-file officials and their family members. In the beginning of 1989, it was evident that Zhao was faced with an increasingly difficult uphill battle, and he may have seen that he was fighting for his own political survival. If Zhao was unable to turn things around rapidly, a showdown with the Party conservatives would be all but inevitable. The student protests triggered by the sudden death of former CCP general secretary Hu Yaobang, widely admired as a reform-minded leader, created a crisis in which Zhao was forced into a confrontation with his political enemies.
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1679:. Mourners were forbidden to bring flowers or to inscribe their own messages on the government-issued flowers. There was no eulogy at the ceremony because the government and Zhao's family could not agree on its content: while the government wanted to say he made mistakes, his family refused to accept he did anything wrong. On the day of his funeral, state television mentioned Zhao's death for the first time. Xinhua issued a short article on the funerary arrangements, acknowledging Zhao's "contributions to the party and to the people", but said he made "serious mistakes" during the 1989 "political disturbance".
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1582:, were flooded with messages expressing condolences for Zhao: "Time will vindicate him", wrote one commenter; "We will miss you forever" wrote another. These messages were promptly deleted by moderators, leading to more postings attacking the moderators for their actions. The Chinese government was successful in keeping Zhao's death fairly muted within mainland China. Open, public response was absent, though some online commenters stated that they planned to buy wreaths to mourn his death, or had stood in three minutes of silence to honour Zhao's memory.
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students, and express our feelings. I hope students could think about these issues calmly. This situation cannot be sorted out clearly under illogical circumstances. You all have that strength, you are young, after all. We were also young once, we protested, laid our bodies on the rail tracks; we never thought about what will happen in the future back then. Finally, I beg the students, once again, to think about the future calmly. There are many things that can be solved. I hope that you will all end the hunger strike soon, thank you.
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legitimacy of the movement recognized. Some protest leaders spoke against official corruption and speculation, price stability, social security, and the democratic means to supervise the reform process. Ironically, some of the original invective was also directed against Zhao. Party hard-liners increasingly came to the conclusion that the demonstrations were due to Zhao's rapid pace of reform, which they believed caused a sense of confusion and frustration among college students. The protesters may have also been encouraged by the
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1122:" that could last 100 years. Under this premise, Zhao believed that China needed to experiment with a variety of economic reforms in order to stimulate production. Zhao also proposed to separate the roles of the Party and state, a proposal that has since become taboo. In Zhao's view, developing a state civil service separate from the Party would enhance bureaucratic efficiency, professionalism, and correct what he deemed as Party "overinterference" in state administration.
1095:, promoted a number of political reforms. In the late 1980s Hu and Zhao collaborated to promote a series of large-scale political reforms with vaguely defined goals. The political reforms of Hu and Zhao included proposals to have candidates directly elected to the Politburo, more elections with more than one candidate, more government transparency, more consultation with the public on policy, and increased personal responsibility directed to officials for their mistakes.
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849:. He led efforts to re-introduce limited amounts of private agriculture and commerce, and dismantled the People's Communes. Zhao's methods of returning private plots to farmers and assigning production contracts to individual households were replicated in other parts of China, helping the country's agricultural sector recover. After achieving senior positions in Guangdong, Zhao directed a harsh purge of cadres accused of corruption or having ties to the
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development of the turmoil". Zhao was subsequently placed under house arrest, but was allowed to maintain his party membership. Following Zhao's dismissal, Jiang Zemin replaced Zhao as
General Secretary of the CCP and successor of Deng Xiaoping. Over thirty ministers were dismissed as Zhao loyalists, and Zhao was widely criticized in the Chinese media. In the end, mentioning his name in the media was severely restricted, and he was
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son was suspected of illegal business dealings. As such, it was likely that Zhao would become the 'scapegoat' of the student movement. These advisors suggested to Zhao that he maintain distance with Deng
Xiaoping attempt to win the people's hearts in order to save himself; there were no other options." Because Zhao was never formally charged with any wrongdoing, it cannot be known what evidence Li had to support his claims.
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reform was energizing enterprises. By late summer of 1986, what started under the rubric of "coordinated comprehensive package reform" had been diluted to an adjustment in the price of steel (although its price was both important and carried symbolic weight) as well as partial tax and financial reform. Zhao's reform program in 1987 and early 1988 focused on combining enterprise contracting and a coastal development strategy.
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1107:. After Hu's dismissal, Deng promoted Zhao to replace Hu as CCP general secretary, putting Zhao in the position to succeed Deng as "paramount leader". One month before Zhao was appointed to the position of general secretary, Zhao stated to an American reporter that "I am not fit to be the general secretary... I am more fit to look after economic affairs." Zhao's vacated premiership was in turn filled by
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others in his group actively attempted to block, delay and even sabotage the process." Zhao attempted to arrange a meeting with Deng in order to convince him to retract Li's "April 26 article". He was granted a meeting with Deng on 17 May; but, instead of the private meeting he expected, he found that the entire
Standing Committee was present. When Zhao advocated modifying the editorial, President
1276:, which Zhao refused. The next day, Zhao wrote a letter to Deng, suggesting he retract the 26 April editorial to reduce tensions between protesters and the government. In the letter, Zhao also warned that "imposing harsh measures while a majority of people are adamantly opposed may result in serious repercussions that threaten the fate of the Party and the state." He did not receive a reply.
1080:, but his advocacy of government transparency and a national dialogue that included ordinary citizens in the policymaking process made him popular with many. Zhao was a solid believer in the Party, but he defined socialism very differently from Party conservatives. Zhao called political reform "the biggest test facing socialism." He believed economic progress was inextricably linked to
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leadership responsible for the assault, and refused to accept the official Party line that the demonstrations had been a part of a "counter-revolutionary rebellion". On at least two occasions Zhao wrote letters, addressed to the
Chinese government, in which he put forward the case for a reassessment of the Tiananmen Massacre. One of those letters appeared on the eve of the
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economically devastated by the Great Leap
Forward and the Cultural Revolution, whose collective policies had collapsed the province's agricultural production to levels not seen since the 1930s, despite a great increase in the province's population. The economic situation was so dire that citizens in Sichuan were reportedly selling their daughters for food.
935:. He was appointed to the Central Committee, and in Inner Mongolia became the Revolutionary Committee Secretary and vice-chairman in March 1972. Zhao was elevated to the 10th Central Committee in August 1973, and returned to Guangdong as 1st CCP Secretary and Revolutionary Committee Chair in April 1974. He became Political Commissar of the
1481:, Deng considered Zhao neither a "party splittist" nor a "supporter of the upheaval", telling Zhao that his record was 70% good and 30% bad, similar to Deng's own situation under Mao in 1976. Becker, however, contended in Zhao's obituary that Deng and his subordinates "certainly believed Zhao was behind the protests".
913:. Soon after they met, Zhao began a speech that he had prepared over the previous night: "I have been rethinking the Cultural Revolution during these years as a labourer..." Zhou cut him off, saying "You've been called to Beijing because the Central Committee has decided to name you as a deputy Party chief of
1784:. The 306-page book was crafted over four years from tapes recorded in secret by Zhao while under house arrest. In the last chapter, Zhao praises the Western system of parliamentary democracy and says it is the only way China can solve its problems of corruption and a growing gap between the rich and poor.
819:, but his posts were largely administrative. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Zhao served as the party chief of Hua County. It was there he met his wife, Liang Boqi, who was Zhao's subordinate; the couple married in 1944. Zhao's career was not especially notable before he emerged as a Party leader in
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the page received over 2 million visits in a day, before it was blocked again. However, as of
December 2019 both major crowdsourced encyclopedias subject to government censorship in mainland China contain articles about the life of Zhao, omitting references to the activities surrounding his dismissal
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Although some of his followers have occasionally attempted to push for Zhao's formal rehabilitation since Zhao's arrest, the Party has been largely successful in removing his name from most public records available in China. Government efforts to delete Zhao's memory from public consciousness include
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Zhao attempted to mollify the protesters by engaging in dialogue with student groups. He attempted to institute numerous government reforms, including the creation of a special commission to investigate government corruption; but, according to Zhao, the commission was ineffective because "Li Peng and
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Zhao's published autobiography is based on approximately thirty cassette tapes which Zhao secretly recorded between 1999 and 2000. According to Zhao's friend and former co-worker, Du
Daozheng, Zhao only recorded the tapes after being convinced by his friends to do so. The tapes were smuggled out to
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Under the headline "Comrade Zhao Ziyang has Passed Away", Zhao's official obituary stated, "Comrade Zhao had long suffered from multiple diseases affecting his respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and had been hospitalized for medical treatment several times. His conditions worsened recently, and
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After the fourth plenum of the 13th
Central Committee on 23โ24 June, Zhao was dismissed from all his positions. The plenum praised Zhao for his economic reforms, but accused him of " the mistake of supporting the turmoil and splitting the party", and that he had "unshirkable responsibilities for the
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which justified the use of military force, and a report issued by Li Peng criticizing Zhao's handling of the crisis. Zhao was also allowed to leave his home on 20 June to speak in his own defense. Zhao acknowledged "shortcomings, errors, and mistakes" in his work, but defended his economic work, and
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Students, we came too late. We are sorry. You talk about us, criticize us, it is all necessary. The reason that I came here is not to ask for your forgiveness. What I want to say is that you are all getting weak, it has been seven days since you went on a hunger strike, you can't continue like this.
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Student demonstrators, taking advantage of the loosening political atmosphere, reacted to a variety of causes of discontent. The diverse demands of protesters included greater economic liberalization, political democracy, media freedom, freedom of speech and association, rule of law, and to have the
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Because Zhao had risen to power through his work in the provinces, he never enjoyed strong connections among the Party leadership in
Beijing. Because he had led the Communist Youth League in the 1950s, Zhao often relied on its former members for support, and Zhao's enemies accused him of promoting a
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immediately after his arrival in
Beijing (from Pyongyang). Bao gathered some other of Zhao's supporters to hash out the situation. They feared that Zhao's political future was at stake: Zhao did not succeed in the economy, was not stellar politically, does not have a power base of his own, and his
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Around two weeks later, from 19 to 21 June, an enlarged meeting of the Politburo was held to make decisions on the upcoming Fourth Plenum of the 13th Central Committee. The meeting included the Party's most influential elders, and aimed to shape the government's response to the events of 4 June, by
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It is not easy for this nation and your parents to support your college studies. Now you are all about 20, and about to sacrifice your lives so easily. Students, can't you think rationally? Now the situation is very serious, you all know, the Party and the nation is very anxious, and our society is
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Zhao wrote warmly of Hu Yaobang in his memoirs, and generally agreed with Hu on the direction of China's economic reforms. Although Deng Xiaoping was Zhao's only firm supporter among the Party elders, Deng's support was sufficient to protect Zhao throughout Zhao's career. As late as April 1989, one
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Despite his criticism of Zhao, Chen Yun was the Party elder most respected by Zhao, and Zhao would frequently attempt to consult with Chen before implementing new policies. Li Xiannian resented Zhao personally for Zhao's interest in foreign culture, and his willingness to learn from economic models
1802:
contained minor historical errors, which commenters noted may reflect how out of touch China's leaders are with Chinese society. Although the Beijing populace did spontaneously attempt to block Chinese troops' entrance into Beijing, Zhao's assertion that "groups of old ladies and children slept in
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to screen travellers headed to Beijing. In order to prevent any public commemoration of Zhao, Chinese authorities increased security in Tiananmen Square and at Zhao's house. Security was also increased at universities in Beijing, with faculty members being told to monitor their students to prevent
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Zhao remained under tight supervision, and was reportedly locked in his home with a bicycle lock. He was only allowed to leave his courtyard compound or receive visitors with permission from the highest echelons of the Party. Beginning in the 1990s, Zhao was allowed to vacation within China under
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Zhao was general secretary for little more than a year before the death of Hu Yaobang on 15 April 1989, which, coupled with a growing sense of public outrage caused by high inflation and economic uncertainty, provided the backdrop for the large-scale protest of 1989 by students, intellectuals, and
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there. In 1984, with his support, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou became experimental cities of a joint-stock system; however, some companies only issued stock to their workers. In November 1985, the first share-issuing enterprise was established in Shanghai and publicly issued 10,000 shares of 50
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and spent time in political exile. After being rehabilitated, Zhao then was appointed Secretary of the CCP Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Committee, First Secretary of the CCP Guangdong Provincial Committee, First Secretary of the CCP Sichuan Provincial Committee and First Political Commissar of
1323:
In conclusion, I have only one wish. If you stop this hunger strike, the government won't close the door for dialogue, never! The questions that you have raised, we can continue to discuss. Although it is a little slow, we are reaching some agreement on some problems. Today I just want to see the
1260:(which he attributed to Deng), which criticized the protests as "premeditated and organized turmoil with anti-Party and anti-socialist motives." Following the publication of Li's article, the protests grew to over 10,000 and spread to cities across China, notably including Shanghai and Guangzhou.
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During his tenure in Sichuan, Zhao introduced a series of successful market-oriented reforms, which distributed farmland to families for private use, and allowed peasants to freely sell their crops on the marketplace. The reforms led to an increase in industrial production by 81% and agricultural
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in Hunan, at the Xianzhong Mechanics Factory. Zhao Wujun, the youngest of his five sons, worked with him (Zhao also had a younger daughter). While in political exile, Zhao's family lived in a small apartment near his factory, with a small suitcase in the living room that served as a dinner table.
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for the rest of his life. After his house arrest, he became much more radical in his political beliefs, supporting China's full transition to liberal democracy. He died from a stroke in Beijing in January 2005. Because of his political fall from grace, he was not given the funeral rites generally
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After Zhao's death, China's leaders feared an episode of civil disturbance similar to the events that followed the death of Hu Yaobang. In order to manage the news of Zhao's death, the Chinese government created an "Emergency Response Leadership Small Group", which declared "a period of extreme
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After 1989, Zhao remained ideologically estranged from the Chinese government. He remained popular among those who believed that the government was wrong in ordering the Tiananmen Massacre, and that the Party should reassess its position on the student protests. He continued to hold China's top
1206:
The second half of 1988 saw the increasing deterioration of Zhao's political support. Zhao found himself in multi-front turf battles with the Party elders, who grew increasingly dissatisfied with Zhao's hands-off approach to ideological matters. The conservative faction in the politburo, led by
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However, Zhao's proposal in May 1988 to accelerate price reform led to widespread complaints about rampant inflation, giving opponents of rapid reform the opportunity to call for greater centralization of economic controls and stricter prohibitions against Western influence. This precipitated a
1165:
or a more gradual model. "Confronted with the diverse, authoritative warnings about the unforeseeable risks of imposing the shock of price reform and the uncertainty about its benefits" he ultimately rejected shock price reform. Zhao had accepted the argument that the basic concern in economic
1715:
After Zhao's death, there were a number of calls in the PRC and abroad urging the PRC to reconsider Zhao's role in history. Within mainland China, these calls were largely led by Zhao's former secretary, Bao Tong. Outside of mainland China, Zhao's death produced calls from the governments of
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in 1975, effectively the province's highest-ranking official. Earlier in the Cultural Revolution, Sichuan had been notable for the violent battles that rival organizations of local Red Guards had fought against each other. At the time, Sichuan was China's most populous province, but had been
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Committee, Director of the Organization Department of the CCP Yubei prefecture Party Committee, Secretary of the CCP Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region Prefecture Party Committee and Political Commissar of the 4th Military Division of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region. During the
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very worried. Besides, Beijing is the capital, the situation is getting worse and worse everywhere, this cannot continue. Students, you all have good will, and are for the good of our nation, but if this situation continues, loses control, it will have serious consequences elsewhere.
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After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Zhao became Deputy Secretary of the South China Branch of the CCP Central Committee. He also served as Secretary of the Secretariat of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the CCP, Second Secretary and First Secretary of the
1690:. His ashes were taken by his family to his Beijing home, since the government had denied him a place at Babaoshan. In October 2019, Zhao was finally laid to rest at the Tianshouyuan cemetery north of Beijing. Three months later, on the 15th anniversary of Zhao's death, his son
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1459:, with three courtyards. The front courtyard consisted of an office and sleeping room, and was occupied with guards. Zhao's study was in the second courtyard, while the innermost courtyard housed the living quarters, where Zhao lived with his wife and his daughter's family.
1807:(the Chinese government's most wanted dissident following the Tiananmen Protests) was out of the country in 1989 and publicly critical of Deng Xiaoping, when in fact Fang was living just outside Beijing and deliberately kept silent about politics during the 1989 protests.
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The Chinese government also successfully directed China's domestic TV and radio stations not to broadcast the news. The very few that were granted permission to report the story were told to refer to him only as "comrade" without mentioning his past leadership posts.
1796:", an unauthorized collection of Chinese government documents published in 2001. The book was also consistent with material from "Captive Conversations", a record of conversations between Zhao and his friend Zong Fengming, which was published only in Chinese.
1130:, attributed the reduced number of women in lower party positions to "open comments" by Zhao against female political participation. The number of women occupying leadership positions at various party levels had been declining since the latter half the 1970s.
1125:
The 13th Congress was also notable because no women were elected to the Politburo and Central Committee secretariat; according to Zhao, the results " mean adjusted policies on women." According to Ellen Judd, members of women's organizations, including the
1345:, Zhao's former speechwriter, some say he went into the square hoping a conciliatory gesture would gain him leverage against hard-liners like Premier Li Peng. Others believe he supported the protesters and misjudged the risk of breaking with the leadership.
1283:, the standing committee vote was split 2โ2 with one abstention, and retired CCP veterans were called in to determine the vote. According to Zhao however, there was no vote, and the decision to declare martial law was illegal according to the Party's rules.
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on a state visit. While he was away, Premier Li Peng organized a meeting between Deng Xiaoping and the Politburo Standing Committee, in which Li and his allies convinced Deng that the protests were threatening to the Party. Following the meeting, Li had the
1098:
Zhao and Hu also began a large-scale anti-corruption programme, and permitted the investigations of the children of high-ranking Party elders, who had grown up protected by their parents' influence. Hu's investigation of Party officials belonging to this
892:
Zhao's rehabilitation began in 1971, when he and his family were woken in the middle of the night by someone banging on the door. Without much explanation, the Party chief of the factory that Zhao was working at informed Zhao that he was to go at once to
1686:, who wrote the foreword to the Chinese edition of Zhao's memoirs, the use of the term "serious mistakes" instead of the former verdict of supporting a "counter-revolutionary riot" represented a backing down by the Party. After the ceremony, Zhao was
1036:
via gradual economic reform. As premier, Zhao implemented many of the policies that were successful in Sichuan at a national scale, increasingly de-centralizing industrial and agricultural production. Zhao successfully sought to establish a series of
1053:
to respond to rapid global technological change. Zhao's reforms led to a rapid increases in both agricultural and light-industrial production throughout the 1980s, but his economic reforms were criticized for causing inflation. Zhao promoted an open
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In 1965, Zhao became the Party secretary of Guangdong province. He was 46 at the time that he first became Party secretary, a notably young age to hold such a prestigious position. Because of his moderate political orientation, Zhao was attacked by
1566:
he passed away Monday after failing to respond to all emergency treatment." All Chinese newspapers carried exactly the same 59-word obituary on the day following his death, leaving the main means of mass dissemination through the Internet. Chinese
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924:, and publicly renounced any interest in encouraging private enterprise or material incentive. Zhao's late conversion to Maoism did not last long, and he later became a "principal architect" of the sweeping, pro-market changes that followed the
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1533:, representing the party's central leadership, visited Zhao in hospital. Zhao died on 17 January in a Beijing hospital at 07:01, at the age of 85. He was survived by his second wife, Liang Boqi, and five children (a daughter and four sons).
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After a bow, people began to applaud and some students burst into tears. That was Zhao's last public appearance, for Zhao had been ousted by party elders just before coming to the square. The phrase "We are already old, and do not matter"
1525:, hospitalizing him for three weeks. Zhao was hospitalized again with pneumonia on 5 December 2004. Reports of his death were officially denied in early January 2005. Later, on 15 January, he was reported to be in a coma after multiple
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that had been successful outside of China. According to Zhao, Li Xiannian "hated me because I was implementing Deng Xiaoping's reforms, but since it was difficult for him to openly oppose Deng, he made me the target of the opposition."
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reported tightened security at the cemetery, with the addition of facial recognition surveillance cameras, ID checks and security guards patrolling Zhao's grave. A tree was also planted in front of the grave, obstructing access to it.
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other parts of a disaffected urban population. The Tiananmen protests initially began as a spontaneous public mourning for Hu, but evolved into nationwide protests supporting political reform and demanding an end to Party corruption.
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1493:. Neither was ever published in mainland China. Zhao eventually came to hold a number of beliefs that were much more radical than any positions he had ever expressed while in power. Zhao came to believe that China should adopt a
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901:, which was ready to take him. Zhao was driven to Changsha's airport, where a plane had been prepared to fly him to Beijing. Still unaware of what was happening, Zhao boarded the plane. He was checked into the comfortable
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1361:, leading to the deaths of hundreds to thousands of protesters on 4 June. At the same day, Deng held another meeting with senior leaders, where he decided to remove Zhao as General Secretary, replacing him with
1655:, a place reserved for revolutionary heroes and high government officials, that was attended by some 2,000 mourners, who were pre-approved to attend. Several dissidents, including Zhao's secretary Bao Tong and
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reforms, he sought measures to streamline China's bureaucracy and fight corruption and issues that challenged the party's legitimacy in the 1980s. Many of these views were shared by the then General Secretary
838:, however, wrote that Zhao's torture campaign during the Great Leap meant he was partially responsible for the millions of people who died from starvation and malnutrition in Guangdong between 1958 and 1961.
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Despite Zhao's house arrest, no formal charges were ever laid against him, and he was not expelled from the CCP. He also retained permission to read classified documents. According to Hong Kong-based
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of 1945โ1949, Zhao served as the Deputy Political Commissar of Tongbai Military Region, Secretary of the CCP Nanyang Prefecture Party Committee and Political Commissar of Nanyang Military Division.
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stating that Zhao lacked ideological toughness and was bringing China closer to the West. Zhao likewise received no support from his political allies, who wanted forgiveness from the leadership.
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month before the dramatic end to Zhao's career, Deng assured Zhao that he had secured the support of Chen Yun and Li Xiannian for Zhao to serve two more full terms as Party general secretary.
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airbrushing his picture from photographs released in China, deleting his name from textbooks, and forbidding the media from mentioning him in any way. These efforts expanded to Chinese
1103:" made Hu unpopular with many powerful Party officials. In January 1987 a clique of Party elders forced Hu to resign, on the grounds that he had been too lenient in his response to the
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par value stock, which attracted investors. Zhao hosted a financial meeting on 2 August 1986, calling for the joint stock system to be implemented nationwide in the following year.
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consolidating support for the armed crackdown and removing Zhao from office. Participants were invited to display their loyalty to Deng by endorsing two documents: Deng's
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Similar memorials were held around the world, notably in New York City and Washington, DC where American government officials and exiled political dissidents attended.
905:, but was unable to sleep: he later claimed that, after years of living in poverty, the mattress was too soft. In the morning, Zhao was taken to a meeting with Premier
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Western observers generally view the year that Zhao served as general secretary as the most open in the history of the People's Republic of China. Many limitations on
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Zhao played a major role in the approach to price liberalization and the question of whether China should adopt a sudden price liberalization approach akin to
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accorded to senior Chinese officials. His secret memoirs were smuggled out and published in English and in Chinese in 2009, but the details of his life remain
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Unlike many Party members active in the 1930s and 1940s who later became senior Chinese leaders, Zhao joined the Party too late to have participated in the
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praised Zhao, saying that Zhao "was a man of moral courage who suffered great personal sacrifices for standing by his convictions during difficult times."
1341:) and Zhao's speech, have since become a well known part of the protests. What motivated Zhao's visit remains, even today, a topic of debate. According to
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document containing the memoir's entire Chinese-language text became available on the Internet and was downloaded widely throughout mainland China.
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in September 1980, with a mandate to introduce his rural reforms across China. Between 1980 and 1984, China's agricultural production rose by 50%.
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after the Cultural Revolution. An advocate of the privatization of state-owned enterprises, the separation of the party and the state, and general
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Zhao's rival, Li Peng, later accused Zhao of fomenting the Tiananmen Protests exclusively for political gain. According to Li, "Zhao liaised with
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watch, which included travelling to southern China to play golf, with permission from high-ranking party officials. Over that period, only a few
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refused to accept that he "supported the unrest" and "split the party". He also called for political reforms to remain a priority. Beijing Mayor
1013:, with similar success. After serving under Hua Guofeng as vice premier for six months, Zhao was promoted by Deng Xiaoping to replace Hua as the
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1612:, attracted a "standing-room-only crowd". Most of the speakers at the memorial were exiled Chinese dissidents and intellectuals, including
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Zhao's experiences during the Great Leap Forward led him to support moderate political and economic policies, including those supported by
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Hong Kong by Zhao's friends, one of which was Bao Tong. The tapes were then translated to English by his son Bao Pu, who then approached
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830:, who was notable for his heavy-handed efforts to force local peasants into living and working in "People's Communes". When Mao Zedong's
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1743:, which did not have an entry for Zhao. This lasted until February 2012, when the page was unblocked for unknown reasons; according to
1724:, said as part of a statement on Zhao's death: "I want them to make efforts for democratization". A representative of the ROC cabinet,
1663:, were kept under house arrest and therefore could not attend. Xinhua reported that the most senior official to attend the funeral was
928:. Despite his important role in guiding the economy of China over the course of his career, Zhao had no formal training in economics.
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1604:, a New York-based non-governmental organization. The event was held on 20 January 2005, in the basement of the Sheraton Hotel in
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Free access to political speeches by Zhao Ziyang and other Chinese politicians, developed by Hong Kong Baptist University Library
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and Japan urging the PRC to move toward granting the greater political freedoms that Zhao promoted. The Japanese prime minister,
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Since 1989, one of the few publications that has printed a non-government-approved memorial praising Zhao's legacy has been
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Shortly before 5 am on 19 May, Zhao appeared in Tiananmen Square and wandered among the crowd of protesters. Using a
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Bachman, David. "Differing visions of China's post-Mao economy: the ideas of Chen Yun, Deng Xiaoping, and Zhao Ziyang."
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to make a 10-day visit to China, the first by a Western pop group. Wham!'s 1985 visit, engineered by the band's manager
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output by 25% within three years. Zhao's reforms made him popular in Sichuan, where the local people coined the saying:
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Zhao treated the protesters sympathetically. While the protests were dying down on 26 April, Zhao was obliged (as the
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As of 2009 his memoir was being sold (in both Chinese and English) in Hong Kong but not in mainland China, though a
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were relaxed, allowing intellectuals to freely express themselves, and to propose "improvements" for the country.
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to edit the memoir in 2008. The material in his biography was largely consistent with the information from the "
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on special alert. In order to prevent any mass demonstrations in the capital, the Emergency Group directed the
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2481:"The Futurists of Beijing: Alvin Toffler, Zhao Ziyang, and China's "New Technological Revolution," 1979โ1991"
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knew very little about Zhao, which was linked to government censorship and restrictions on political speech.
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at the White House on 10 January 1984 as part of a broader effort to improve China's relations with the West.
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1760:, a magazine which released a pro-Zhao article in July 2010. The article was written by Zhao's former aide,
1728:, stated that Beijing should "face the truth about Tiananmen Square" and "push for democratic reforms". The
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1608:. It was announced through the local Chinese-language press and over the Internet, which, according to the
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On 14 May 2009, a published edition of Zhao's memoirs was released to the public, under the English title
1295:, he delivered a now-famous speech to the students gathered at the square. It was first broadcast through
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In Hong Kong, 10,000โ15,000 people attended a candlelight vigil in remembrance of Zhao, organized by the
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2620:. Area handbook series (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
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Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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You are still young, we are old, you must live healthy, and see the day when China accomplishes the
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Party hardliners that had opposed Zhao's reforms took the opportunity to criticize him, with elder
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Zhao lived for the next fifteen years under house arrest, accompanied by his wife, at the No. 6
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in coastal provinces in order to attract foreign investment and create export hubs. Inspired by
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4475:. Trans & Ed. Bao Pu, Renee Chiang, and Adi Ignatius. New York: Simon and Schuster. 2009.
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The protesters did not disperse. A day after Zhao's 19 May visit to Tiananmen Square, Premier
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Zhao rose to prominence in Guangdong from 1951, initially following a ruthless ultra-leftist,
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2317:. Bao Pu, Renee Chiang, Adi Ignatius, Roderick MacFarquhar. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1088:, and is credited with popularizing the game's reintroduction to the mainland in the 1980s.
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Pre-publication interview on Prisoner of the State with Bao Pu and excerpts from Zhao tapes
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Neville, Sam (28 April 1985). "ROCK: East meets Wham!, and another great wall comes down".
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739:. In the aftermath of the events, Zhao was purged politically and effectively placed under
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3521:"Living History: Beijing Back Alley Memories Revived by Folklore Scholar โ Caixin Global"
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He was dismissed from all official positions in 1967, after which he was paraded through
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Donnithorne, Audrey. "Prolonged Readjustment: Zhao Ziyang on Current Economic Policy."
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2955:"Son of purged reformer Zhao Ziyang tells of China's 'shame', 25 years after Tiananmen"
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2637:"Zhao Ziyang, Chinese Leader Purged for Supporting Tiananmen Protesters, Dies at 85"
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The Penguin History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 -2009
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2707:"Women and Revolution in China: The Sources of Constraints on Women's Emancipation"
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2914:"In Posthumous Memoir, China's Zhao Ziyang Details Tiananmen Debate, Faults Party"
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After being recalled from political exile, Zhao attempted to portray himself as a
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His economic reform policies and sympathies with student demonstrators during the
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and subsequently nationwide. He emerged on the national scene due to support from
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4050:"Family Reports Tight Security, Digital Surveillance at Grave of Ousted Premier"
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Members of the 11th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
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Members of the 12th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
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Members of the 13th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
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3914:"New York Memorial Service for Zhao Ziyang | Human Rights in China ไธญๅฝไบบๆ | HRIC"
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demonstrations. At the time, most university students that were interviewed by
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on Zhao's name, loosely translated as: "if you want to eat, look for Ziyang.")
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political debate, which grew more heated through the winter of 1988 to 1989.
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While Zhao focused on economic reforms during the early 1980s, his superior,
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1998:
1111:, a conservative who opposed many of Zhao's economic and political reforms.
990:" in 1978, Deng Xiaoping recognized the "Sichuan Experience" as a model for
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the Chengdu Military Region, Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the
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Vice Chairpersons of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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776:), but changed his given name to "Ziyang" while attending middle school in
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4118:
3259:"China's 'Black Week-end' | by Ian Johnson | The New York Review of Books"
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On 29 January 2005, the government held a funeral ceremony for him at the
628:, 17 October 1919 โ 17 January 2005) was a Chinese politician. He was the
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4022:"Low-key ceremony as purged reformer Zhao Ziyang is finally laid to rest"
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3715:"Book Review: 'Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Zhao Ziyang'"
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Worden, Robert L.; Savada, Andrea Matles; Dolan, Ronald E., eds. (1988).
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Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China
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attacked Zhao by saying "I feel that Comrade Ziyang is making excuses".
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Zhao developed "preliminary stage theory", a model for transforming the
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placed him at odds with some members of the party leadership, including
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policies and instrumental in implementing free-market reforms, first in
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12120:
12115:
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12090:
12064:
11764:
11759:
11724:
11619:
11578:
11568:
11553:
11515:
11500:
11495:
11490:
11345:
11315:
11295:
11280:
11182:
11139:
10904:
10889:
10844:
10650:
10598:
10592:
10511:
10471:
10466:
10451:
10380:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10330:
10320:
10255:
10245:
10235:
10210:
10195:
10190:
10170:
10140:
10125:
10082:
10067:
10057:
10052:
10022:
10012:
9972:
9967:
9929:
9923:
9873:
9868:
9848:
9788:
9738:
9726:
9694:
9629:
9574:
9518:
9454:
9444:
9384:
9354:
9304:
9294:
9279:
9274:
9244:
9183:
9158:
9140:
9076:
9056:
8996:
8986:
8852:
8809:
8796:
8740:
8732:
8724:
8667:
8501:
8438:
8433:
8413:
8334:
8324:
8223:
8079:
8066:
8056:
8043:
8038:
8025:
7991:
7826:
7813:
7767:
7563:
7461:
7439:
7313:
7274:
7108:
7043:
7014:
6980:
6965:
6959:
6920:
6789:
6783:
6777:
6753:
6741:
5151:
5127:
5115:
5091:
4779:
4738:
4375:
3688:
3654:
1804:
1761:
1660:
1092:
1002:, China's highest ruling organ, in 1980. Zhao became the Leader of the
906:
858:
850:
846:
800:
761:
706:
660:
414:
359:
218:
Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
178:
98:
7091:
3492:"Removal Crews at Home of Late Chinese Premier Ahead of CCP Centenary"
2386:
2364:
2196:"Liang Boqi, wife of China's purged ex-leader Zhao Ziyang, dies at 95"
1455:, and Hu Yaobang before his death in 1989. The home was a traditional
1417:
897:, the provincial capital. The factory's only means of transport was a
876:
and publicly denounced as "a stinking remnant of the landlord class".
12342:
12257:
12222:
12217:
12152:
12069:
12049:
12033:
11990:
11729:
11639:
11583:
11520:
11300:
11045:
10934:
10914:
10859:
10829:
10764:
10744:
10703:
10693:
10663:
10635:
10625:
10571:
10546:
10526:
10335:
10205:
10165:
10077:
10047:
9913:
9863:
9714:
9624:
9579:
9548:
9470:
9464:
9389:
9379:
9364:
9319:
9314:
9219:
9151:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9071:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9001:
8991:
8833:
8776:
8719:
8496:
8488:
8468:
8458:
8448:
8374:
8354:
8087:
8071:
8051:
7986:
7981:
7949:
7676:
7605:
7387:
7339:
7337:
Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection
7217:
7179:
7125:
7074:
7070:
6995:
6990:
6910:
6662:
6256:
Secretary General of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
6227:
6185:
5145:
4855:
4349:
1687:
1613:
1518:
1292:
1212:
1081:
1033:
885:
873:
869:
820:
673:
170:
7136:
Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
6251:
Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
4576:
Chinese Leader Purged for Supporting Tiananmen Protesters Dies at 85
3672:
2980:
Kristof, Nicholas D.; Times, Special To the New York (19 May 1989).
12699:
12187:
12162:
12157:
12085:
12023:
11970:
11679:
11558:
11212:
11172:
10954:
10759:
10630:
10620:
10605:
10556:
10551:
10541:
10037:
9888:
9476:
9324:
9284:
8786:
8753:
8661:
8463:
8443:
8418:
8364:
8339:
8255:
7976:
7938:
7200:
6925:
6795:
6197:
6191:
3977:"Babaoshan Struggles to Meet Demand as Cadres' Final Resting Place"
3864:
3819:
3218:"New Documents Show Power Games Behind China's Tiananmen Crackdown"
3070:
2592:
2416:
2365:"Origins of the Agricultural "Miracle": Some Evidence from Sichuan"
2146:
1617:
1575:
1456:
1405:
1188:
1042:
894:
721:
274:
183:
1236:
imminent collapse of other Communist governments in Eastern Europe
12147:
12105:
12095:
12028:
12018:
11995:
11446:
11340:
11240:
11177:
11114:
11069:
10949:
10924:
10819:
10656:
10225:
10099:
9793:
9594:
9500:
9404:
9374:
9299:
8709:
8453:
8423:
8408:
8314:
7971:
7943:
7933:
7732:
7291:
7121:
6944:
6915:
6884:
6771:
6611:
4882:
4671:
3553:
1386:
1354:
1208:
1180:
1108:
1077:
994:. Deng promoted Zhao to a position as an alternate member of the
952:
827:
732:
693:
379:
210:
4472:
Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang
1781:
Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang
1774:
Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang
1489:. The other came during a 1998 visit to China by U.S. President
1061:
One of Zhao's major cultural reforms included allowing the band
735:. Zhao also began to lose favor with Deng Xiaoping, who was the
12836:
General secretaries and Chairmen of the Chinese Communist Party
12110:
11815:
10854:
10310:
10145:
10017:
9858:
9709:
9344:
8704:
8398:
8309:
8289:
8020:
7230:
6905:
6179:
5544:
2888:
China's New Order: Society, Politics, and Economy in Transition
1803:
the roads" was not correct. Zhao noted that the astrophysicist
1717:
1526:
1445:
1279:
Deng eventually decided on declaring martial law. According to
921:
689:
165:
2313:
Prisoner of the state : the secret journal of Zhao Ziyang
1600:
In New York City, a public memorial for Zhao was organized by
676:
Provincial Committee of the CCP. He was persecuted during the
12202:
11040:
9853:
9798:
9704:
8745:
6949:
5103:
4325:
Never Turn Back: China and the Forbidden History of the 1980s
4130:
Out of Mao's Shadow: The Struggle for the Soul of a New China
3692:
1062:
1010:
785:
777:
4464:
2890:. Ed. Huters, Theodore. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Press, 2003.
525:
1987โ1989: Vice Chairman, Party Central Military Commission
11441:
6678:
Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee
4630:
Media Barred from Covering Death of Former Communist Leader
1085:
1006:
and Vice Chairman of the CCP in 1980 and 1981 separately.
12826:
Prisoners and detainees of the People's Republic of China
4345:
How China Escaped Shock Therapy: the Market Reform Debate
3995:"Damnatio Memoriae in China: Zhao Ziyang Is Laid to Rest"
3775:"For Beijing Students Now, Protests Aren't Even a Memory"
2441:"Cradle of China's farm reforms shines without spotlight"
1155:
555:
1965โ1967: Party Committee Secretary, Guangdong Province
552:
1974โ1975: Party Committee Secretary, Guangdong Province
4495:(profile by the democracy movement alliance; in Chinese)
4438:
The era of Zhao Ziyang: power struggle in China, 1986โ88
2514:"'Big in Japan': Orientalism in 1980s British Pop Music"
1624:
from Queens, also attended, making a speech in English.
1105:
student protests that had taken place over the last year
796:
in 1932, and became a full member of the Party in 1938.
7289:
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries
4999:(General Secretary of the Communist Party; 1st-ranked)
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2700:
2698:
2265:
China's Revolution and the Quest for a Socialist Future
1149:
Zhao introduced the stock market in China and promoted
543:
1975โ1980: Party Committee Secretary, Sichuan Province
4996:
Orders of precedence in the People's Republic of China
4961:
Orders of precedence in the People's Republic of China
4914:
Orders of precedence in the People's Republic of China
4429:
Ji, You. "Zhao Ziyang and the politics of inflation."
3440:
3354:
3342:
3197:
3185:
1817:
The recordings highlighted Zhao's heavy Henan accent (
1636:
Zhao Ziyang's final burial site in 2019, with his son
1145:
Introduction of the stock market and financial reforms
688:
As a senior government official, Zhao was critical of
4465:
Video of Zhao's 19 May speech to Tiananmen protesters
4195:"China Magazine Praises Ousted Zhao in Test of Taboo"
3741:
3739:
3737:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2732:
The Chinese Women's Movement Between State and Market
2460:
1880:
Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China
1487:
15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
1072:
In the 1980s, Zhao was branded by conservatives as a
998:
in 1977, and as a full member in 1979. He joined the
2982:"CHINESE PREMIER ISSUES A WARNING TO THE PROTESTERS"
2839:
2820:
2802:(in Simplified Chinese). 4 July 2011. Archived from
2695:
2654:"The Prisoner of Conscience: Zhao Ziyang, 1919โ2005"
2643:. 17 January 2005. Retrieved 16 September 2005. p.2.
1832:
1448:
residence had once belonged to a hairdresser of the
807:, which was integrated into the Republic of China's
3944:"From Half a World Away, Honoring a Chinese Leader"
1536:
788:, who was later murdered by CCP officials during a
6817:List of premiers of the People's Republic of China
4566:The Prisoner of Conscience: Zhao Ziyang, 1919โ2005
3734:
3621:"In mourning for leader the party wants to forget"
3325:
3276:
2923:
2803:
2310:
2224:"Opinion | Zhao Ziyang, on Mao and China's Future"
2061:
683:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
12816:People's Republic of China politicians from Henan
12614:Information Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
7273:Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
4254:Deposed Chinese leader's memoir out before 4 June
4144:"A reformer China's ruling party wants to forget"
3751:(in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 29 January 2005
2860:"Economics helped spur Tiananmen Square protests"
2663:
2613:
2570:"Social inequality and the Yangtze River drought"
2353:. Radiopress, Inc (Tokyo), September 1978. p. 479
1173:
12757:
6673:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
4787:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
4754:Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs
4095:"Mourners pay respects to ousted Chinese leader"
3768:
3766:
1195:were notably critical of Zhao and his policies.
1004:Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs
533:Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs
76:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
12740:Arrest and trial of Chen Ziming and Wang Juntao
6858:State Council of the People's Republic of China
4705:First Secretary of the CCP Guangdong Committee
4454:(Foreign Languages Press, 1982), primary source
4301:"Another tongue that's not so common after all"
4108:. 19 January 2005. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
3413:"Selections From an Interview With Du Daozheng"
2660:. 16 January 2005. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
2559:. 22 January 2005. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
2184:. 25 January 2005. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
2131:. 25 January 2005. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
1467:of a gray-haired Zhao leaked out to the media.
12791:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Henan
11836:Proclamation of the People's Republic of China
7324:Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power
5014:as Chairman of the Central Military Commission
4951:as Chairman of the Central Military Commission
4904:as Chairman of the Central Military Commission
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
1885:Human rights in the People's Republic of China
1009:After 1978 Zhao's policies were replicated in
942:
12851:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
11801:
11427:
11026:
8953:
8605:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
8589:
8207:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
8191:
7900:13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
7884:
7766:State Physical Culture and Sports Commission
6841:
6727:
5407:Working Committee of Central and State Organs
5040:
4730:First Secretary of the CCP Sichuan Committee
4519:
4084:. 18 January 2005. Retrieved 18 January 2005.
3763:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
1336:
130:10 September 1980 โ 24 November 1987
49:
11912:Dialogue between students and the government
4642:International Freedom of Expression Exchange
4596:Purged Chinese Leader Zhao Ziyang Dies at 85
3375:"Excerpt From Statement on Zhao's Dismissal"
3036:; also available in the original Chinese at
2979:
2304:
1875:Censorship in the People's Republic of China
1751:from the party and subsequent house arrest.
1218:
1118:in 1987, Zhao declared that China was in "a
931:Throughout 1972, Zhou Enlai directed Zhao's
634:vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
528:1981โ1982: Vice Chairman, Central Committee
462:1987โ1989: 13th Central Military Commission
246:Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
11817:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
4964:(Premier of the State Council; 3rd-ranked)
4917:(Premier of the State Council; 4th-ranked)
4244:, Perry Link, Washington Post, 17 May 2009.
3842:Chinese Bloggers, Podcasters and Webcasters
3655:"China in 1990: The Year of Damage Control"
3577:"Zhao Ziyang's vision of Chinese Democracy"
3518:
2669:
2576:. 18 May 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2222:Salisbury, Harrison E. (14 November 1987).
1225:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
737:Chairman of the Central Military Commission
640:from 1987 to 1989. He was in charge of the
12766:Premiers of the People's Republic of China
11808:
11794:
11434:
11420:
11033:
11019:
8960:
8946:
8596:
8582:
8198:
8184:
7891:
7877:
7364:Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources
6848:
6834:
6743:Premiers of the People's Republic of China
6734:
6720:
5047:
5033:
4452:China's economy and development principles
2949:
2947:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2588:"Golf Is Both Banned and Booming in China"
2013:
1912:(in Chinese (China)). 1989. p. 1274.
1710:
1444:. Supplied by the Beijing government, the
780:. He was the son of a wealthy landlord in
605: Acting: 15 January โ 1 November 1987
59:
8676:(added Feb 1980; Vice-Chairman June 1981)
8247:(Acting General Secretary after Jan 1987)
7643:Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
5532:Institute of Party History and Literature
5427:Office for Safeguarding National Security
4275:"Zhao Ziyang's Secret Memoirs | BU Today"
4167:
3649:
3592:
3500:. Translated and edited by Luisetta Mudie
2496:
2221:
2113:
2111:
1926:
1870:History of the People's Republic of China
1592:
258:29 June 1981 โ 12 September 1982
12831:20th-century Chinese heads of government
7102:State Commission for Restructing Economy
4679:Secretary of the CCP Guangdong Committee
4489:(Radio France Internationale in English)
4445:Zhao Ziyang and China's political future
4443:Wu, Guoguang, and Helen Lansdowne, eds.
3549:"Twenty years on โ legacy of a massacre"
2585:
2281:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
1631:
1416:
1019:
755:
659:, he served as the chief officer of CCP
644:, but lost power for his support of the
12299:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
7703:Ministry of Radio, Film and Television
7119:State Science and Technology Commission
4322:
4078:"China Gives Zhao's Death Scant Notice"
3888:"Hong Kong holds vigil for Zhao Ziyang"
3854:
3852:
3850:
3844:, EastSouthWestNorth, 18 September 2005
3809:
3807:
3805:
3772:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3546:
3519:Weerasekara, Poornima (28 April 2017).
3446:
3360:
3348:
3256:
3215:
3203:
3191:
3016:"Zhao Ziyang's Tiananmen Square speech"
2944:
2901:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2534:
2511:
2478:
2466:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2362:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2254:
879:
790:land reform movement in the early 1940s
313:1 November 1987 โ 23 June 1989
88:15 January 1987 โ 24 June 1989
12758:
12735:Reactions to the protests and massacre
12294:Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation
11876:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
7401:Ministry of Machine-building Industry
6569:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
5234:Political and Legal Affairs Commission
3574:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3302:
2438:
2056:
1529:. According to Xinhua, Vice President
1421:No. 6 Fuqiang Hutong, where Zhao lived
1317:we are already old, and do not matter.
624:
480:1979โ1989: 11th, 12th, 13th Politburo
12481:The Critical Moment โ Li Peng Diaries
11789:
11415:
11014:
8941:
8577:
8179:
7872:
6829:
6715:
6683:Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party
5028:
4586:China Gives Zhao's Death Scant Notice
4431:Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs
4424:Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs
4341:
4298:
4210:
3937:
3935:
3645:
3643:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3461:The Critical Moment โ Li Peng Diaries
3298:
3296:
3252:
3250:
3248:
2845:
2833:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2088:
1981:(in Chinese). ไธญๅๆฐ่ๅบ็็คพ. pp. 4โ12.
1627:
1286:
11856:Campaign against spiritual pollution
8670:(added Feb 1980; Chairman June 1981)
5321:Comprehensively Law-Based Governance
4201:. 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
4141:
4132:. 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
4070:
4047:
3941:
3847:
3802:
3712:
3699:
3013:
2728:
2704:
2624:
2393:
2308:
2251:
1950:(in Chinese (China)). Archived from
642:political reforms in China from 1986
230:8 March 1978 โ 17 June 1983
11851:1986 Chinese student demonstrations
8658:(Vice-Chairman; dismissed Feb 1980)
7386:Ministry of Metallurgical Industry
4608:Zhao's Death Puts China in Quandary
4374:
4019:
3815:"Chinese media muted on Zhao death"
3619:Watts, Jonathan (22 January 2005).
3400:
2938:
2857:
2675:The Political Thought of Xi Jinping
2652:Forney, Matthew, and Jakes, Susan.
2551:"There's no Right to Know in China"
2439:Tabeta, Shunshuke (10 March 2019).
2193:
1299:nationwide, and reported on by the
977:
655:(CCP) in February 1938. During the
13:
4538:China's Purged Chinese leader dies
4510:News collections about Zhao Ziyang
4440:(AB Books & Stationery, 1989).
4409:
4170:""Zhao Ziyang" unblocked on Baidu"
3992:
3942:Chen, David W. (23 January 2005).
3932:
3640:
3609:
3372:
3293:
3245:
3161:"The Sacrifice That Made a Leader"
3155:
2586:Washburn, Dan (8 September 2014).
2162:
1972:
1935:by James A. Dorn, Xi Wang, Wang Xi
1507:multiparty parliamentary democracy
14:
12862:
8829:(added Sep 1979, to PSC Feb 1980)
8813:(added Dec 1978, to PSC Feb 1980)
7434:Ministry of Electronics Industry
7423:Ministry of Aeronautics Industry
6584:Scientific Outlook on Development
5412:Central Financial Work Commission
5316:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms
4554:Chinese media muted on Zhao death
4501:collected news and commentary at
4458:
4168:Bandurski, David (1 March 2012).
4119:"Chapter One: The Public Funeral"
4093:Reuters and The Chicago Tribune.
1616:, who was Zhao's former advisor.
1303:. Below is a translated version:
714:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
11917:Funding of student organizations
9489:Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni
9100:Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni
7778:State Family Planning Commission
7658:Ministry of Labor and Personnel
6805:
6695:
6694:
5480:Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
5055:
4272:
3860:"Online tributes to Zhao Ziyang"
3773:Yardley, Jim (22 January 2005).
3014:Chua, Dan-Chyi (February 2009).
1849:
1835:
1653:Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery
1537:Government and domestic response
1183:within the CCP. Among Beijing's
1181:"Communist Youth League faction"
1024:Zhao was hosted by US president
1000:CCP Politburo Standing Committee
602:
576:
519:1987โ1989: Vice Chairman, State
445:
12474:Collection of June Fourth Poems
11871:Household responsibility system
8664:(added Dec 1978; Vice-Chairman)
7529:Ministry of Petroleum Industry
7471:Ministry of Aerospace Industry
6866:Zhao Ziyang Cabinet (1983โ1988)
6522:Communist Youth League of China
5557:Executive Leadership Academies
5257:Office of the General Secretary
4649:Zhao Ziyang: The Times obituary
4530:(official Chinese news agency,
4315:
4292:
4266:
4263:, Associated Press, 14 May 2009
4247:
4235:
4204:
4187:
4161:
4142:Long, Kathy (17 January 2019).
4135:
4111:
4087:
4041:
4013:
3986:
3969:
3906:
3880:
3835:
3568:
3540:
3512:
3489:
3483:
3452:
3366:
3209:
3149:
3122:
3087:
3058:
3007:
2973:
2877:
2851:
2786:
2757:
2722:
2646:
2607:
2579:
2562:
2543:
2528:
2505:
2472:
2432:
2356:
2343:
2215:
2194:Zuo, Mandy (26 December 2013).
2187:
2076:from the original on 7 May 2022
1412:
803:of 1934โ1935. He served in the
751:
646:1989 Tian'anmen Square protests
423:
7959:Elected at 4th Plenary Session
7917:Elected at 1st Plenary Session
7551:Ministry of Chemical Industry
7449:Ministry of Ordnance Industry
5935:7th: 1945โ1949 & 1954โ1956
5331:Financial and Economic Affairs
4560:Online tributes to Zhao Ziyang
4299:Ching, Frank (9 August 2010).
4058:. Translated by Luisetta Mudie
4048:Long, Qiao (17 January 2020).
3594:10.4000/chinaperspectives.4223
3575:Nathan, Andrew (1 July 2008).
3216:Buckley, Chris (31 May 2019).
3039:"Cheng Ming Magazine articles"
2134:
2119:"China: Zhao Ziyang has died!"
1985:
1966:
1938:
1902:
1337:
1174:Relationship with party elders
966:
961:
773:
760:Zhao (top left) pictured with
508:7th National People's Congress
457:Central institution membership
50:
16:Chinese politician (1919โ2005)
1:
12542:Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square
7562:Ministry of Textile Industry
7412:Ministry of Nuclear Industry
5525:Chinese Academy of Governance
3547:Garnaut, John (29 May 2009).
3257:Johnson, Ian (27 June 2019).
2858:Pak, Jennifer (5 June 2019).
2351:China Directory, 1979 Edition
1890:
1542:sensitivity", and placed the
1517:In February 2004, Zhao had a
1272:according to the decision of
636:(CCP) from 1981 to 1982, and
477:Politburo Standing Committee
5721:Politburo Standing Committee
5219:United Front Work Department
4873:Premier of the State Council
4655:Corpus of Political Speeches
4520:
4327:. Harvard University Press.
4020:Mai, Jun (18 October 2019).
2705:Park, Kyung Ae (July 1992).
2485:The Journal of Asian Studies
2267:. New York, NY: 1804 Books.
1895:
1348:
1128:All-China Women's Federation
1116:13th National Party Congress
1015:Premier of the State Council
967:"yร o chฤซ liวng, zhวo Zวyรกng"
382:, People's Republic of China
7:
12781:Chinese democracy activists
7841:Chinese Academy of Sciences
7573:Ministry of Light Industry
5191:Central Military Commission
3713:Link, Perry (17 May 2009).
1828:
943:Economic reforms in Sichuan
884:Zhao spent four years as a
809:National Revolutionary Army
718:Central Advisory Commission
521:Central Military Commission
300:Central Military Commission
298:First Vice Chairman of the
10:
12867:
12502:The Gate of Heavenly Peace
7500:Ministry of Coal Industry
5368:Institutional Organization
3464:. Au Ya Publishing. 2010.
3308:"The New Tiananmen Papers"
1771:
1767:
1274:National People's Congress
1222:
1120:primary stage of socialism
768:Zhao was born Zhao Xiuye (
18:
12727:
12685:
12632:
12586:
12451:
12371:
12320:
12311:
12286:
12140:
12133:
12078:
12042:
12004:
11956:
11945:
11889:
11823:
11703:
11607:
11544:
11454:
11329:
11226:
11158:
11053:
10873:
10728:
10581:
10430:
10279:
10109:
9951:
9772:
9558:
9333:
9208:
9114:
9015:
8975:
8874:
8845:
8683:
8612:
8510:
8481:
8391:
8280:
8264:
8214:
8112:
8096:
8004:
7958:
7916:
7907:
7160:Ethnic Affairs Commission
7085:State Economic Commission
7068:State Planning Commission
7027:
7005:
6935:
6893:
6871:
6864:
6814:
6803:
6749:
6691:
6655:
6597:
6547:
6495:
6392:
6277:
6268:
6243:
6168:
6093:
6023:
6012:
5923:
5818:
5718:
5707:
5700:
5585:
5512:
5436:
5395:
5299:
5242:
5199:
5161:
5080:
5069:
5004:
4993:
4969:
4958:
4941:
4922:
4911:
4894:
4889:
4879:
4870:
4862:
4852:
4843:
4835:
4825:
4816:
4808:
4803:
4793:
4784:
4776:
4760:
4750:
4745:
4735:
4728:
4720:
4710:
4703:
4695:
4685:
4676:
4668:
4663:
4618:The man who came too late
2737:Stanford University Press
2715:Michigan State University
2673:; Cheung, Olivia (2024).
2518:The Mid-Atlantic Almanack
2498:10.1017/S0021911818002619
1825:at times hard to follow.
1705:
1440:of central Beijing, near
1219:Tiananmen Square protests
620:
610:
600:
565:
453:
441:
433:
408:
397:
386:
369:
342:
337:
333:
323:
306:
296:
286:
251:
244:
234:
223:
216:
204:
192:
145:
134:
123:
116:
104:
92:
81:
74:
70:
58:
47:
40:
12599:Democracy Party of China
7858:Ministry of Supervision
6507:People's Liberation Army
5417:Hong Kong Work Committee
5224:International Department
4664:Party political offices
4382:. Simon & Schuster.
4342:Weber, Isabella (2021).
4323:Gewirtz, Julian (2022).
4211:Fenby, Jonathan (2009).
4027:South China Morning Post
3981:South China Morning Post
3747:
2959:South China Morning Post
2794:
2766:
2574:World Socialist Web Site
2479:Gewirtz, Julian (2019).
2201:South China Morning Post
2124:13 November 2011 at the
1993:
1978:
1974:
1946:
1933:Economic Reform in China
1622:New York City Councillor
1512:
1297:China Central Television
933:political rehabilitation
911:Great Hall of the People
899:three-wheeled motorcycle
813:Second Sino-Japanese War
805:People's Liberation Army
657:Second Sino-Japanese War
591:Recorded 10 January 1984
12821:Politicians from Anyang
11902:April 27 demonstrations
11841:1976 Tiananmen Incident
6527:Young Pioneers of China
6096:CCDI Standing Committee
5397:Dispatched institutions
5209:Organization Department
5062:Chinese Communist Party
4635:12 January 2006 at the
3095:"Top 10 Quotes of 1989"
3075:(in Simplified Chinese)
2774:(in Simplified Chinese)
2729:Judd, Ellen R. (2002).
2679:Oxford University Press
2512:McCarty, L. Y. (2010).
2412:"Obituary: Zhao Ziyang"
2363:Bramall, Chris (1995).
1819:Central Plains Mandarin
1711:Push for rehabilitation
1243:Party General Secretary
992:Chinese economic reform
937:Chengdu Military Region
653:Chinese Communist Party
402:Chinese Communist Party
12796:Governors of Guangdong
11881:Criticism of communism
10910:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
10750:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
10611:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
10462:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
10316:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
9814:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
9605:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
9425:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
9310:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
9189:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
8861:(full member Sep 1979)
8492:(full member Sep 1985)
5363:Spiritual Civilization
5358:Science and Technology
5291:Policy Research Office
5229:Social Work Department
5163:Decision-making bodies
4528:Zhao Ziyang died at 85
4100:7 January 2009 at the
3759:– via Sina News.
3066:"ไปๆฏไธๅไธญๅฝ็ๆน้ฉๅ
้๏ผไฝๆฟๆๅด่ฆๅฟ่ฎฐไป"
2617:China: a country study
2063:"Zhao Ziyang Obituary"
1648:
1593:International response
1422:
1399:deleted from textbooks
1332:
1039:special economic zones
1029:
794:Communist Youth League
765:
764:in Wuhan, January 1966
12745:Human rights in China
12609:Human Rights in China
12595:China Support Network
12528:Prisoner of the State
11922:Mao portrait incident
7807:Central Bank Governor
7301:Ministry of Forestry
6537:People's organization
6512:People's Armed Police
6395:Discipline Inspection
5244:Directly administered
4819:Governor of Guangdong
4548:Obituary: Zhao Ziyang
4493:Alliance Introduction
4419:26.3 (1986): 292โ321.
4242:The Tiananmen Diaries
3748:่ตต็ดซ้ณๅๅฟ้ไฝๅจไบฌ็ซๅ ่ดพๅบๆ็ญไธบ้ไฝ้ๅซ
2539:– via ProQuest.
2309:Zhao, Ziyang (2009).
2263:Hammond, Ken (2023).
1800:Prisoner of the State
1635:
1602:Human Rights in China
1574:and forums hosted by
1544:People's Armed Police
1521:attack that led to a
1503:independent judiciary
1420:
1397:from photographs and
1305:
1023:
815:, and the subsequent
759:
638:CCP general secretary
586:Zhao speaking at the
546:1974โ1975: Governor,
537:1975โ1980: Governor,
315:Serving with
260:Serving with
12801:Governors of Sichuan
12711:Goddess of Democracy
12619:Operation Yellowbird
12556:The Tiananmen Papers
11937:Military involvement
10457:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
10306:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
10136:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
9983:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
9194:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
8772:(dismissed Feb 1980)
8749:(dismissed Feb 1980)
8728:(dismissed Feb 1980)
8690:surname stroke order
8271:surname stroke order
8011:surname stroke order
7603:Ministry of Railways
6574:Deng Xiaoping Theory
6532:United front (China)
5520:Central Party School
5422:Macau Work Committee
5262:Central Guard Bureau
5214:Publicity Department
4890:Order of precedence
4124:15 July 2011 at the
3983:. 23 September 2013.
2765:"Untitled Document"
1548:Ministry of Railways
1453:Empress Dowager Cixi
1281:the Tiananmen Papers
1084:. Zhao was a fan of
970:. (This saying is a
880:Return to government
823:in the early 1950s.
12535:Quelling the People
12521:Moving the Mountain
12509:A Heart for Freedom
12467:A Tiananmen Journal
12460:Almost a Revolution
11831:May Fourth Movement
7968:(General Secretary)
7674:Ministry of Culture
6668:Neoauthoritarianism
5926:Military Commission
5701:Leadership sittings
5497:Hong Kong and Macau
5279:Cryptography Office
4846:Governor of Sichuan
4804:Government offices
4612:The Washington Post
4601:The Washington Post
4514:China Digital Times
4436:Lam, Willy Wo-Lap.
4380:Out of Mao's shadow
4259:19 May 2009 at the
4199:China Digital Times
4174:China Media Project
3720:The Washington Post
3587:(2008/3): 136โ142.
3421:. 16 October 2009.
3373:Ap (25 June 1989).
3264:The New York Review
2920:. 15 May 2009. p.2.
2808:on 3 September 2011
2370:The China Quarterly
1738:online encyclopedia
1572:Strong Nation Forum
1499:freedom of assembly
1313:Four Modernizations
1268:proposed declaring
947:Zhao was appointed
863:Cultural Revolution
678:Cultural Revolution
632:from 1980 to 1987,
572:Zhao Ziyang's voice
531:1980โ1989: Leader,
12694:Nothing to My Name
12604:Hong Kong Alliance
12006:Standing Committee
11932:June 9 Deng speech
11927:Sino-Soviet Summit
11897:April 26 Editorial
8614:Standing Committee
8236:(retired Sep 1985)
8216:Standing Committee
7909:Standing Committee
7743:Ministry of Health
7691:Xinhua News Agency
6627:Crown Prince Party
6589:Xi Jinping Thought
6564:Mao Zedong Thought
6498:Wider organisation
5341:Cyberspace Affairs
5267:Central Guard Unit
5180:Standing Committee
4765:Title next held by
4590:The New York Times
4580:The New York Times
4532:Xinhua News Agency
4504:The New York Times
4447:(Routledge, 2013).
4426:8 (1982): 111โ126.
4348:. Abingdon, Oxon:
4082:The New York Times
3948:The New York Times
3780:The New York Times
3581:China Perspectives
3418:The New York Times
3379:The New York Times
3223:The New York Times
2986:The New York Times
2641:The New York Times
2568:Santolan, Joseph.
2229:The New York Times
2182:The New York Times
2060:(9 October 2011).
1649:
1628:Funeral and burial
1578:, Xinhua, and the
1438:Dongcheng District
1423:
1357:publicly declared
1301:Xinhua News Agency
1287:Speech to students
1101:Crown Prince Party
1030:
939:in December 1975.
832:Great Leap Forward
792:. Zhao joined the
766:
548:Guangdong Province
514:Other offices held
503:Central Committee
391:Changping District
12786:Chinese reformers
12753:
12752:
12624:Tiananmen Mothers
12488:Escape from China
12447:
12446:
12307:
12306:
12129:
12128:
11783:
11782:
11443:Political leaders
11409:
11408:
11042:Political leaders
11008:
11007:
10964:secretary-general
10814:secretary-general
10799:secretary-general
10645:secretary-general
10516:secretary-general
9459:secretary-general
8935:
8934:
8862:
8846:Alternate members
8838:
8830:
8822:
8814:
8806:
8773:
8750:
8737:
8729:
8693:
8630:until June 1981;
8571:
8570:
8493:
8482:Alternate members
8477:
8476:
8384:
8281:Before 5th Plenum
8274:
8228:General Secretary
8173:
8172:
8014:
8000:
7999:
7928:General Secretary
7866:
7865:
7007:Secretary-General
6823:
6822:
6709:
6708:
6637:New Zhijiang Army
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6280:Central Committee
6271:National Congress
6264:
6263:
6016:Central Committee
6008:
6007:
5711:Central Committee
5588:National Congress
5581:
5580:
5448:Cryptography Work
5399:for co-ordination
5353:National Security
5303:for co-ordination
5171:General Secretary
5072:Central Committee
5023:
5022:
5019:
5005:Succeeded by
4984:
4970:Succeeded by
4956:
4937:
4923:Succeeded by
4909:
4880:Succeeded by
4853:Succeeded by
4826:Succeeded by
4794:Succeeded by
4736:Succeeded by
4711:Succeeded by
4686:Succeeded by
4433:25 (1991): 69โ91.
4389:978-1-4165-3705-2
4359:978-0-429-49012-5
4279:Boston University
4228:978-0-7139-9832-0
4106:The Seattle Times
3920:. 19 January 2005
3894:. 21 January 2005
3868:. 17 January 2005
3823:. 18 January 2005
3478:978-1-921815-00-3
3304:Nathan, Andrew J.
3159:(29 April 2002).
2556:The National Post
2549:Fulford, Robert.
2420:. 17 January 2005
2324:978-1-4391-4938-6
2001:on 3 January 2009
1865:Politics of China
1722:Junichiro Koizumi
1657:Tiananmen Mothers
1523:pulmonary failure
1211:and Vice-premier
1135:freedom of speech
1067:Simon Napier-Bell
746:censored in China
666:Chinese Civil War
614:
613:
581:
364:Republic of China
12858:
12549:Tiananmen Exiles
12318:
12317:
12138:
12137:
12043:Regional leaders
11954:
11953:
11810:
11803:
11796:
11787:
11786:
11436:
11429:
11422:
11413:
11412:
11035:
11028:
11021:
11012:
11011:
10878:
10733:
10586:
10482:Ablet Abdureshit
10435:
10376:Ablet Abdureshit
10284:
10114:
9956:
9777:
9563:
9338:
9213:
9119:
9027:Soong Ching-ling
9020:
8980:
8962:
8955:
8948:
8939:
8938:
8860:
8837:(added Sep 1979)
8836:
8828:
8821:(added Dec 1978)
8820:
8812:
8805:(added Dec 1978)
8804:
8771:
8748:
8735:
8727:
8686:
8598:
8591:
8584:
8575:
8574:
8491:
8392:After 5th Plenum
8383:(died June 1983)
8382:
8278:
8277:
8267:
8200:
8193:
8186:
8177:
8176:
8097:Alternate member
8084:
8076:
8048:
8035:
8007:
7914:
7913:
7893:
7886:
7879:
7870:
7869:
7857:
7854:
7839:
7836:
7822:
7819:
7805:
7802:
7793:
7776:
7773:
7765:
7762:
7754:
7741:
7738:
7724:
7721:
7713:
7702:
7699:
7689:
7686:
7672:
7669:
7657:
7654:
7642:
7639:
7631:
7618:
7615:
7601:
7598:
7594:
7583:
7572:
7569:
7561:
7558:
7550:
7547:
7539:
7528:
7525:
7521:
7510:
7499:
7496:
7492:
7481:
7470:
7467:
7459:
7448:
7445:
7433:
7430:
7422:
7419:
7411:
7408:
7400:
7397:
7385:
7382:
7378:
7363:
7360:
7356:
7335:
7332:
7322:
7319:
7311:
7300:
7297:
7287:
7284:
7272:
7269:
7265:
7252:
7249:
7239:
7236:
7226:
7223:
7213:
7210:
7196:
7193:
7175:
7172:
7158:
7155:
7147:
7134:
7131:
7117:
7114:
7100:
7097:
7083:
7080:
7066:
7063:
7055:National Defense
7053:
7050:
7039:
7036:
6937:State Councilors
6899:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6827:
6826:
6809:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6713:
6712:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6656:Related articles
6600:
6579:Three Represents
6559:MarxismโLeninism
6551:
6499:
6396:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6172:
6097:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6017:
5927:
5822:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5705:
5704:
5589:
5440:
5400:
5304:
5284:Central Archives
5245:
5202:
5164:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5063:
5059:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5026:
5025:
5011:
4976:
4948:
4942:Preceded by
4929:
4901:
4895:Preceded by
4863:Preceded by
4836:Preceded by
4809:Preceded by
4777:Preceded by
4721:Preceded by
4696:Preceded by
4669:Preceded by
4661:
4660:
4525:
4524:
4401:
4371:
4338:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4270:
4264:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4208:
4202:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4139:
4133:
4115:
4109:
4091:
4085:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3993:Gerard, Bonnie.
3990:
3984:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3939:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3918:www.hrichina.org
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3856:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3811:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3743:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3710:
3697:
3696:
3651:Shambaugh, David
3647:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
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3487:
3481:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3409:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3324:. Archived from
3300:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3275:. Archived from
3254:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3169:. Archived from
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3103:. 18 June 2009.
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3041:. Archived from
3035:
3033:
3031:
3022:. Archived from
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2951:
2942:
2936:
2921:
2910:
2899:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2807:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2667:
2661:
2650:
2644:
2633:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2583:
2577:
2566:
2560:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2408:
2391:
2390:
2360:
2354:
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2337:Internet Archive
2316:
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2191:
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2138:
2132:
2115:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2065:
2054:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1997:. Archived from
1989:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1906:
1859:
1857:Biography portal
1854:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1794:Tiananmen Papers
1757:Yanhuang Chunqiu
1700:
1646:
1606:Flushing, Queens
1570:, including the
1480:
1435:
1340:
1339:
1330:
1139:freedom of press
1034:socialist system
988:paramount leader
978:Reformist leader
968:
963:
775:
651:Zhao joined the
630:premier of China
627:
622:
606:
583:
582:
539:Sichuan Province
449:
427:
425:
376:
356:
354:
338:Personal details
311:
301:
256:
228:
207:
195:
160:
150:
128:
118:Premier of China
107:
95:
86:
63:
54:
53:
52:
38:
37:
12866:
12865:
12861:
12860:
12859:
12857:
12856:
12855:
12756:
12755:
12754:
12749:
12723:
12705:June 4th Museum
12681:
12628:
12588:
12582:
12563:Pillar of Shame
12443:
12367:
12303:
12282:
12141:Leading figures
12125:
12074:
12038:
12000:
11948:
11941:
11885:
11866:Economic reform
11819:
11814:
11784:
11779:
11707:
11699:
11603:
11546:
11540:
11457:
11456:Party Committee
11450:
11440:
11410:
11405:
11333:
11325:
11286:Liang Lingguang
11251:Huang Yongsheng
11222:
11160:
11154:
11080:Huang Yongsheng
11056:
11055:Party Committee
11049:
11039:
11009:
11004:
10920:Leung Chun-ying
10876:
10875:
10869:
10790:Leung Chun-ying
10731:
10730:
10724:
10719:Leung Chun-ying
10584:
10583:
10577:
10433:
10432:
10426:
10282:
10281:
10275:
10112:
10111:
10105:
9988:Saifuddin Azizi
9954:
9953:
9947:
9775:
9774:
9768:
9561:
9560:
9554:
9336:
9335:
9329:
9211:
9210:
9204:
9117:
9116:
9110:
9018:
9017:
9011:
8978:
8977:
8971:
8966:
8936:
8931:
8870:
8866:Saifuddin Azizi
8841:
8736:(died Feb 1979)
8685:
8679:
8652:(Vice-Chairman)
8646:(Vice-Chairman)
8640:(Vice-Chairman)
8616:
8608:
8602:
8572:
8567:
8506:
8473:
8387:
8282:
8266:
8260:
8230:until Jan 1987)
8210:
8204:
8174:
8169:
8108:
8092:
8083:(died Apr 1989)
8082:
8074:
8046:
8033:
8006:
7996:
7954:
7903:
7897:
7867:
7862:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7824:Auditor-General
7820:
7817:
7816:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7787:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7748:
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7719:
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7707:
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7177:Public Security
7173:
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7152:
7141:
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7128:
7115:
7112:
7111:
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7095:
7094:
7081:
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7051:
7048:
7046:
7041:Foreign Affairs
7037:
7034:
7023:
7001:
6931:
6894:
6889:
6867:
6860:
6854:
6824:
6819:
6810:
6801:
6745:
6740:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6687:
6651:
6617:Tsinghua clique
6607:Shanghai clique
6598:
6593:
6549:
6543:
6517:Militia (China)
6497:
6483:
6479:20th: 2022โ2027
6474:19th: 2017โ2022
6469:18th: 2012โ2017
6464:17th: 2007โ2012
6459:16th: 2002โ2007
6454:15th: 1997โ2022
6449:14th: 1992โ1997
6444:13th: 1987โ1992
6439:12th: 1982โ1987
6434:11th: 1978โ1982
6394:
6388:
6384:20th: 2022โ2027
6379:19th: 2017โ2022
6374:18th: 2012โ2017
6369:17th: 2007โ2012
6364:16th: 2002โ2007
6359:15th: 1997โ2002
6354:14th: 1992โ1997
6349:13th: 1987โ1992
6344:12th: 1982โ1987
6339:11th: 1977โ1982
6334:10th: 1973โ1977
6279:
6270:
6260:
6239:
6170:
6164:
6160:20th: 2022โ2027
6155:19th: 2017โ2022
6150:18th: 2012โ2017
6145:17th: 2007โ2012
6140:16th: 2002โ2007
6135:15th: 1997โ2002
6130:14th: 1992โ1997
6125:13th: 1987โ1992
6120:12th: 1982โ1987
6115:11th: 1978โ1982
6095:
6089:
6085:20th: 2022โ2027
6080:19th: 2017โ2022
6075:18th: 2012โ2017
6070:17th: 2007โ2012
6065:16th: 2002โ2007
6060:15th: 1997โ2002
6055:14th: 1992โ1997
6050:13th: 1987โ1992
6045:12th: 1982โ1987
6040:11th: 1980โ1982
6025:
6015:
6014:Approved by the
6013:
6004:
6000:20th: 2022โ2027
5995:19th: 2017โ2022
5990:18th: 2012โ2017
5985:17th: 2007โ2012
5980:16th: 2002โ2007
5975:15th: 1997โ2002
5970:14th: 1992โ1997
5965:13th: 1987โ1992
5960:12th: 1982โ1987
5955:11th: 1977โ1982
5950:10th: 1973โ1977
5925:
5919:
5915:20th: 2022โ2027
5910:19th: 2017โ2022
5905:18th: 2012โ2017
5900:17th: 2007โ2012
5895:16th: 2002โ2007
5890:15th: 1997โ2002
5885:14th: 1992โ1997
5880:13th: 1987โ1992
5875:12th: 1982โ1987
5870:11th: 1977โ1982
5865:10th: 1973โ1977
5820:
5814:
5810:20th: 2022โ2027
5805:19th: 2017โ2022
5800:18th: 2012โ2017
5795:17th: 2007โ2012
5790:16th: 2002โ2007
5785:15th: 1997โ2002
5780:14th: 1992โ1997
5775:13th: 1987โ1992
5770:12th: 1982โ1987
5765:11th: 1977โ1982
5760:10th: 1973โ1977
5720:
5710:
5708:
5696:
5587:
5577:
5552:Guangming Daily
5508:
5475:Military Reform
5470:Inspection Work
5438:
5432:
5398:
5396:
5391:
5336:Foreign Affairs
5302:
5300:
5295:
5243:
5238:
5200:
5195:
5162:
5157:
5082:
5071:
5065:
5061:
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5015:
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4952:
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4900:
4885:
4876:
4868:
4858:
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4831:
4822:
4814:
4799:
4790:
4782:
4766:
4757:
4741:
4732:
4726:
4716:
4707:
4701:
4691:
4689:Huang Yongsheng
4682:
4674:
4637:Wayback Machine
4461:
4412:
4410:Further reading
4406:
4404:
4390:
4360:
4335:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4297:
4293:
4283:
4281:
4271:
4267:
4261:Wayback Machine
4252:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4229:
4209:
4205:
4192:
4188:
4178:
4176:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4140:
4136:
4126:Wayback Machine
4117:Pan, Philip P.
4116:
4112:
4102:Wayback Machine
4092:
4088:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4055:Radio Free Asia
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4018:
4014:
4004:
4002:
3999:thediplomat.com
3991:
3987:
3974:
3970:
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3958:
3940:
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3923:
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3912:
3911:
3907:
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3813:
3812:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3771:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3711:
3700:
3673:10.2307/2645183
3648:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3617:
3610:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3497:Radio Free Asia
3488:
3484:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3411:
3410:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3313:Foreign Affairs
3306:(30 May 2019).
3301:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3255:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3173:on 12 June 2009
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3135:Radio Free Asia
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3048:
3046:
3037:
3029:
3027:
3026:on 16 July 2011
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2937:
2924:
2918:Washington Post
2912:Pomfret, John.
2911:
2902:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2832:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2800:Financial Times
2796:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2747:
2739:. p. 175.
2727:
2723:
2709:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2668:
2664:
2651:
2647:
2635:Yardley, Jim.
2634:
2625:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2584:
2580:
2567:
2563:
2548:
2544:
2537:Chicago Tribune
2533:
2529:
2510:
2506:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2437:
2433:
2423:
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2409:
2394:
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2348:
2344:
2325:
2307:
2282:
2275:
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2252:
2242:
2240:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2192:
2188:
2176:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2150:. 10 March 2005
2142:"Zhao timeline"
2140:
2139:
2135:
2126:Wayback Machine
2116:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2069:The Independent
2055:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1776:
1770:
1713:
1708:
1694:
1640:
1630:
1595:
1568:Internet forums
1539:
1515:
1474:
1429:
1415:
1351:
1331:
1328:
1289:
1245:) to leave for
1227:
1221:
1176:
1151:futures trading
1147:
1082:democratization
980:
949:Party Secretary
945:
882:
754:
596:
595:
594:
593:
592:
590:
584:
577:
574:
561:
558:
516:
515:
510:
459:
458:
429:
426: 1944)
421:
417:
398:Political party
378:
374:
373:17 January 2005
358:
357:17 October 1919
352:
350:
349:
348:
319:
312:
307:
299:
282:
257:
252:
229:
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156:
146:
129:
124:
105:
93:
87:
82:
66:
48:
43:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12864:
12854:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12838:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12818:
12813:
12808:
12803:
12798:
12793:
12788:
12783:
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12773:
12768:
12751:
12750:
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12391:
12386:
12381:
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12369:
12368:
12366:
12365:
12360:
12355:
12353:Liang Guanglie
12350:
12345:
12340:
12335:
12330:
12324:
12322:
12315:
12309:
12308:
12305:
12304:
12302:
12301:
12296:
12290:
12288:
12284:
12283:
12281:
12280:
12275:
12273:Zhao Changqing
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12233:Wang Bingzhang
12230:
12225:
12220:
12215:
12210:
12205:
12200:
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12190:
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11999:
11998:
11993:
11988:
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11899:
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11891:
11887:
11886:
11884:
11883:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11846:Beijing Spring
11843:
11838:
11833:
11827:
11825:
11821:
11820:
11813:
11812:
11805:
11798:
11790:
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11767:
11762:
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11752:
11747:
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11737:
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11717:
11711:
11709:
11701:
11700:
11698:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11670:Zhang Zhongwei
11667:
11662:
11657:
11652:
11647:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11611:
11609:
11605:
11604:
11602:
11601:
11596:
11591:
11586:
11581:
11576:
11574:Zhang Xuezhong
11571:
11566:
11561:
11556:
11550:
11548:
11542:
11541:
11539:
11538:
11533:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11511:Zhang Xuezhong
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11462:
11460:
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11015:
11006:
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10992:
10987:
10985:Wang Guangqian
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10881:
10879:
10877:(2023โpresent)
10871:
10870:
10868:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10840:Zheng Jianbang
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10807:
10805:Yang Chuantang
10802:
10792:
10787:
10785:Chen Xiaoguang
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10736:
10734:
10726:
10725:
10723:
10722:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10699:Chen Xiaoguang
10696:
10691:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10674:Zhou Xiaochuan
10671:
10666:
10661:
10660:(removed 2014)
10653:
10648:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10603:
10602:(removed 2015)
10595:
10589:
10587:
10579:
10578:
10576:
10575:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10509:
10507:Zhang Rongming
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10438:
10436:
10428:
10427:
10425:
10424:
10421:Zhang Rongming
10418:
10412:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10287:
10285:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10186:Qian Zhengying
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10117:
10115:
10107:
10106:
10104:
10103:
10097:
10091:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10043:Qian Zhengying
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10008:Deng Zhaoxiang
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9959:
9957:
9949:
9948:
9946:
9945:
9939:
9933:
9927:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9909:Qian Zhengying
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9844:Deng Zhaoxiang
9841:
9839:Wang Guangying
9836:
9831:
9826:
9824:Qian Changzhao
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9780:
9778:
9770:
9769:
9767:
9766:
9760:
9754:
9748:
9742:
9736:
9730:
9724:
9718:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9685:Deng Zhaoxiang
9682:
9680:Wang Guangying
9677:
9672:
9670:Burhan Shahidi
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9620:Qian Changzhao
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9572:
9566:
9564:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9552:
9546:
9540:
9537:Qian Changzhao
9534:
9528:
9525:Burhan Shahidi
9522:
9516:
9510:
9504:
9498:
9492:
9486:
9480:
9474:
9468:
9462:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9341:
9339:
9331:
9330:
9328:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9216:
9214:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9202:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9174:Burhan Shahidi
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9155:(removed 1964)
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9122:
9120:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9108:
9105:Burhan Shahidi
9102:
9097:
9092:
9091:(removed 1956)
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9023:
9021:
9013:
9012:
9010:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8983:
8981:
8973:
8972:
8965:
8964:
8957:
8950:
8942:
8933:
8932:
8875:
8872:
8871:
8869:
8868:
8863:
8855:
8849:
8847:
8843:
8842:
8840:
8839:
8831:
8823:
8815:
8807:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8743:
8738:
8730:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8696:
8694:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8671:
8665:
8659:
8653:
8647:
8641:
8635:
8620:
8618:
8610:
8609:
8601:
8600:
8593:
8586:
8578:
8569:
8568:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8485:
8483:
8479:
8478:
8475:
8474:
8472:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8395:
8393:
8389:
8388:
8386:
8385:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8286:
8284:
8275:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8242:
8237:
8231:
8220:
8218:
8212:
8211:
8203:
8202:
8195:
8188:
8180:
8171:
8170:
8113:
8110:
8109:
8107:
8106:
8100:
8098:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8085:
8077:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8041:
8036:
8028:
8023:
8017:
8015:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7962:
7960:
7956:
7955:
7953:
7952:
7947:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7920:
7918:
7911:
7905:
7904:
7896:
7895:
7888:
7881:
7873:
7864:
7863:
7848:Zhou Guangzhao
7634:Qian Yongchang
7414:Jiang Xinxiong
7327:Qian Zhengying
7198:State Security
7033:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7021:
7011:
7009:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6902:
6900:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6877:
6875:
6869:
6868:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6853:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6830:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6798:(2023โpresent)
6793:
6787:
6781:
6775:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6739:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6716:
6707:
6706:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6642:Xishan Society
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6603:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6555:
6553:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6503:
6501:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6429:8th: 1956โ1969
6426:
6416:
6406:
6404:5th: 1927โ1928
6400:
6398:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6329:9th: 1969โ1973
6326:
6324:8th: 1956โ1969
6321:
6319:7th: 1945โ1956
6316:
6314:6th: 1928โ1945
6311:
6309:5th: 1927โ1928
6306:
6304:4th: 1925โ1927
6301:
6299:3rd: 1923โ1925
6296:
6294:2nd: 1922โ1923
6291:
6289:1st: 1921โ1922
6285:
6283:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6237:
6231:
6225:
6219:
6213:
6207:
6201:
6195:
6189:
6183:
6176:
6174:
6171:CCDI Secretary
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6110:8th: 1956โ1969
6107:
6101:
6099:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6035:8th: 1956โ1969
6031:
6029:
6018:
6010:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5945:9th: 1969โ1973
5942:
5940:8th: 1956โ1969
5937:
5931:
5929:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5860:9th: 1969โ1973
5857:
5855:8th: 1956โ1969
5852:
5850:7th: 1945โ1956
5847:
5845:6th: 1928โ1945
5842:
5840:5th: 1927โ1928
5837:
5835:4th: 1925โ1927
5832:
5830:3rd: 1923โ1925
5826:
5824:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5755:9th: 1969โ1973
5752:
5750:8th: 1956โ1969
5747:
5745:7th: 1945โ1956
5742:
5740:6th: 1928โ1945
5737:
5735:5th: 1927โ1928
5732:
5726:
5724:
5713:
5709:Elected by the
5702:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5593:
5591:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5538:People's Daily
5534:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5444:
5442:
5439:Leading groups
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5401:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5274:Secrecy Office
5271:
5270:
5269:
5259:
5252:General Office
5248:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5154:(2012โpresent)
5149:
5143:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5101:
5095:
5088:
5086:
5075:
5067:
5066:
5052:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5029:
5021:
5020:
5006:
5003:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4971:
4968:
4957:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4924:
4921:
4910:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4878:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4851:
4842:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4824:
4815:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4792:
4783:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4764:
4759:
4752:Leader of the
4749:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4734:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4709:
4702:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4684:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4627:
4615:
4605:
4593:
4583:
4573:
4563:
4557:
4551:
4545:
4535:
4517:
4507:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4467:
4460:
4459:External links
4457:
4456:
4455:
4450:Zhao, Ziyang.
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4411:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4388:
4372:
4358:
4339:
4333:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4291:
4265:
4246:
4234:
4227:
4203:
4186:
4160:
4134:
4110:
4086:
4076:Kahn, Joseph.
4069:
4040:
4012:
4001:. The Diplomat
3985:
3968:
3931:
3905:
3879:
3846:
3834:
3801:
3762:
3733:
3698:
3639:
3608:
3567:
3539:
3511:
3482:
3451:
3449:, p. 262.
3439:
3399:
3365:
3363:, p. 253.
3353:
3351:, p. 248.
3341:
3330:on 3 June 2019
3292:
3281:on 6 June 2019
3244:
3208:
3206:, p. 247.
3196:
3194:, p. 233.
3184:
3148:
3121:
3086:
3057:
3045:on 23 May 2009
3020:Asia! Magazine
3006:
2972:
2943:
2941:, p. 4โ5.
2922:
2900:
2876:
2850:
2848:, p. 225.
2838:
2836:, p. 220.
2819:
2785:
2756:
2745:
2721:
2694:
2687:
2662:
2645:
2623:
2606:
2578:
2561:
2542:
2527:
2504:
2491:(1): 115โ140.
2471:
2459:
2431:
2392:
2355:
2342:
2323:
2280:
2273:
2250:
2214:
2186:
2161:
2133:
2087:
2058:Becker, Jasper
2012:
1984:
1965:
1954:on 12 May 2015
1937:
1925:
1918:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1846:
1830:
1827:
1821:), making his
1812:Microsoft Word
1772:Main article:
1769:
1766:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1629:
1626:
1610:New York Times
1594:
1591:
1580:People's Daily
1556:New York Times
1538:
1535:
1514:
1511:
1427:Fuqiang Hutong
1414:
1411:
1350:
1347:
1326:
1315:. Unlike you,
1288:
1285:
1253:People's Daily
1223:Main article:
1220:
1217:
1175:
1172:
1146:
1143:
1056:foreign policy
982:After ousting
979:
976:
972:homophonic pun
944:
941:
915:Inner Mongolia
881:
878:
845:and President
753:
750:
731:, and Premier
726:CPPCC Chairman
702:market economy
619:(Chinese:
612:
611:
608:
607:
598:
597:
585:
575:
570:
569:
568:
567:
566:
563:
562:
560:
559:
557:
556:
553:
550:
544:
541:
535:
529:
526:
523:
513:
512:
511:
506: ?โ1989:
504:
481:
478:
463:
456:
455:
454:
451:
450:
443:
439:
438:
435:
431:
430:
419:
413:
412:
410:
406:
405:
399:
395:
394:
388:
384:
383:
377:(aged 85)
371:
367:
366:
346:
344:
340:
339:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
321:
320:
314:
304:
303:
294:
293:
290:
284:
283:
281:
280:
277:
272:
269:
266:
259:
249:
248:
242:
241:
238:
232:
231:
221:
220:
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
187:
186:
181:
176:
173:
168:
155:
154:
153:
151:
143:
142:
136:
132:
131:
121:
120:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
96:
90:
89:
79:
78:
72:
71:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
45:
44:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12863:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12819:
12817:
12814:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12802:
12799:
12797:
12794:
12792:
12789:
12787:
12784:
12782:
12779:
12777:
12774:
12772:
12769:
12767:
12764:
12763:
12761:
12746:
12743:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12732:
12730:
12726:
12718:
12715:
12714:
12713:
12712:
12708:
12706:
12703:
12701:
12698:
12695:
12691:
12690:
12688:
12684:
12678:
12675:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12663:
12660:
12658:
12655:
12653:
12650:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12639:
12637:
12635:
12634:Anniversaries
12631:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12594:
12593:
12591:
12585:
12577:
12574:
12573:
12572:
12571:
12567:
12565:
12564:
12560:
12558:
12557:
12553:
12551:
12550:
12546:
12544:
12543:
12539:
12537:
12536:
12532:
12530:
12529:
12525:
12523:
12522:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12510:
12506:
12504:
12503:
12499:
12497:
12496:
12492:
12490:
12489:
12485:
12483:
12482:
12478:
12476:
12475:
12471:
12469:
12468:
12464:
12462:
12461:
12457:
12456:
12454:
12450:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12431:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12392:
12390:
12387:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
12376:
12374:
12370:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12354:
12351:
12349:
12346:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12325:
12323:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12310:
12300:
12297:
12295:
12292:
12291:
12289:
12285:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12214:
12211:
12209:
12206:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12145:
12143:
12139:
12136:
12132:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12083:
12081:
12077:
12071:
12068:
12066:
12063:
12061:
12058:
12056:
12053:
12051:
12048:
12047:
12045:
12041:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12011:
12009:
12007:
12003:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11976:Yang Shangkun
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11966:Deng Xiaoping
11964:
11963:
11961:
11959:
11955:
11952:
11950:
11944:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11907:Hunger Strike
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11894:
11892:
11888:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11828:
11826:
11822:
11818:
11811:
11806:
11804:
11799:
11797:
11792:
11791:
11788:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11712:
11710:
11706:
11702:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11650:Jiang Minkuan
11648:
11646:
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11612:
11610:
11606:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11589:Wang Dongming
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11551:
11549:
11543:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11526:Wang Dongming
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11506:Zhou Yongkang
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11463:
11461:
11459:
11453:
11448:
11444:
11437:
11432:
11430:
11425:
11423:
11418:
11417:
11414:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11386:Huang Longyun
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11371:Guo Rongchang
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11338:
11336:
11332:
11328:
11322:
11321:Wang Weizhong
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11233:
11231:
11229:
11225:
11219:
11218:Huang Chuping
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11208:Huang Longyun
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11188:Zhang Guoying
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11165:
11163:
11157:
11151:
11150:Huang Kunming
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11130:Zhang Dejiang
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11091:
11088:
11086:
11083:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11062:
11060:
11058:
11052:
11047:
11043:
11036:
11031:
11029:
11024:
11022:
11017:
11016:
11013:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10965:
10961:
10960:Wang Dongfeng
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10913:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10882:
10880:
10872:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10825:Wang Yongqing
10823:
10821:
10818:
10815:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10800:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10775:Wang Zhengwei
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10755:Tung Chee-hwa
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10735:
10727:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10684:Wang Zhengwei
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10659:
10658:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10646:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10616:Tung Chee-hwa
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10601:
10600:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10590:
10588:
10580:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10562:Chen Zongxing
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10532:Zheng Wantong
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10517:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10502:Zhang Meiying
10500:
10498:
10497:Tung Chee-hwa
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10439:
10437:
10429:
10422:
10419:
10416:
10415:Zhang Meiying
10413:
10410:
10409:Tung Chee-hwa
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10288:
10286:
10278:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10176:Chen Junsheng
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10151:Qian Weichang
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10118:
10116:
10108:
10101:
10098:
10095:
10092:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10033:Qian Weichang
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9960:
9958:
9950:
9943:
9940:
9937:
9934:
9931:
9928:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9884:Qian Weichang
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9784:Wang Renzhong
9782:
9781:
9779:
9771:
9764:
9763:Qian Weichang
9761:
9758:
9755:
9752:
9749:
9746:
9743:
9740:
9737:
9734:
9731:
9728:
9725:
9722:
9719:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9600:Zhuang Xiquan
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9567:
9565:
9557:
9550:
9547:
9544:
9541:
9538:
9535:
9532:
9529:
9526:
9523:
9520:
9517:
9514:
9511:
9508:
9505:
9502:
9499:
9496:
9493:
9490:
9487:
9484:
9481:
9478:
9475:
9472:
9469:
9466:
9463:
9460:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9435:Zhuang Xiquan
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9370:Song Renqiong
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9342:
9340:
9332:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9250:Song Renqiong
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9207:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9154:
9153:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9123:
9121:
9113:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9090:
9089:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9024:
9022:
9014:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8974:
8970:
8963:
8958:
8956:
8951:
8949:
8944:
8943:
8940:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8914:
8910:
8906:
8902:
8898:
8894:
8890:
8886:
8882:
8878:
8873:
8867:
8864:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8844:
8835:
8832:
8827:
8824:
8819:
8816:
8811:
8808:
8803:
8802:Deng Yingchao
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8734:
8731:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8691:
8684:Other members
8682:
8675:
8672:
8669:
8666:
8663:
8660:
8657:
8656:Wang Dongxing
8654:
8651:
8648:
8645:
8644:Deng Xiaoping
8642:
8639:
8636:
8633:
8632:Vice-Chairman
8629:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8619:
8615:
8611:
8606:
8599:
8594:
8592:
8587:
8585:
8580:
8579:
8576:
8566:
8562:
8558:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8542:
8538:
8534:
8530:
8526:
8522:
8518:
8514:
8509:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8480:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8429:Yang Shangkun
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8390:
8381:
8380:Liao Chengzhi
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8345:Song Renqiong
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8330:Yang Shangkun
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8320:Deng Yingchao
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8285:
8279:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8265:Other members
8263:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8240:Deng Xiaoping
8238:
8235:
8232:
8229:
8225:
8222:
8221:
8219:
8217:
8213:
8208:
8201:
8196:
8194:
8189:
8187:
8182:
8181:
8178:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8124:
8120:
8116:
8111:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8089:
8086:
8081:
8078:
8075:(to PSC 1989)
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8062:Yang Shangkun
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8047:(to PSC 1989)
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8034:(to PSC 1989)
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8005:Other members
8003:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7957:
7951:
7948:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7906:
7901:
7894:
7889:
7887:
7882:
7880:
7875:
7874:
7871:
7861:
7851:
7849:
7845:
7842:
7832:
7828:
7825:
7815:
7811:
7808:
7797:
7791:
7786:
7782:
7781:Qian Xinzhong
7779:
7769:
7758:
7757:Chen Minzhang
7752:
7747:
7744:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7717:
7711:
7706:
7695:
7692:
7682:
7678:
7675:
7665:
7661:
7650:
7646:
7635:
7629:
7624:
7621:
7611:
7607:
7604:
7592:
7587:
7581:
7576:
7565:
7554:
7543:
7537:
7532:
7519:
7514:
7508:
7503:
7490:
7485:
7479:
7474:
7463:
7457:
7452:
7441:
7437:
7426:
7415:
7404:
7393:
7389:
7376:
7371:
7367:
7354:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7338:
7328:
7325:
7315:
7309:
7304:
7293:
7290:
7280:
7276:
7263:
7258:
7255:
7245:
7244:Wang Bingqian
7242:
7232:
7229:
7219:
7216:
7215:Civil Affairs
7206:
7202:
7199:
7189:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7151:
7145:
7140:
7137:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7093:
7089:
7086:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7059:
7056:
7045:
7042:
7032:
7030:
7026:
7020:
7019:Chen Junsheng
7016:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7008:
7004:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6986:Wang Bingqian
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:Vice Premiers
6892:
6886:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6863:
6859:
6851:
6846:
6844:
6839:
6837:
6832:
6831:
6828:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6758:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6748:
6744:
6737:
6732:
6730:
6725:
6723:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6704:
6703:
6690:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6632:Fujian clique
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6596:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6546:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6494:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6276:
6273:
6267:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6242:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6167:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6105:7th 1949โ1956
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6092:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6022:
6019:
6011:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5717:
5714:
5706:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5584:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5435:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5394:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5160:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5110:Zhang Wentian
5108:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5098:Xiang Zhongfa
5096:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5050:
5045:
5043:
5038:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5018:
5017:
5009:
5008:Deng Xiaoping
5000:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4974:
4965:
4962:
4955:
4954:
4946:
4945:Deng Xiaoping
4940:
4936:
4935:
4927:
4918:
4915:
4908:
4907:
4899:
4898:Deng Xiaoping
4893:
4888:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4867:
4861:
4857:
4848:
4847:
4840:
4834:
4830:
4821:
4820:
4813:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4789:
4788:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4755:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4731:
4725:
4719:
4715:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4673:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:The Economist
4619:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4481:1-4391-4938-0
4478:
4474:
4473:
4469:Zhao Ziyang.
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4407:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4340:
4336:
4334:9780674241848
4330:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4280:
4276:
4273:Koch, Katie.
4269:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4243:
4238:
4230:
4224:
4220:
4219:Penguin Books
4216:
4215:
4207:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4114:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4090:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4044:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4016:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3936:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3843:
3838:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3767:
3750:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3615:
3613:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3543:
3528:
3527:
3526:Caixin Global
3522:
3515:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3470:1-921815-00-0
3467:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3443:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3188:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3166:TIME Magazine
3162:
3158:
3152:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3130:"Zhao Ziyang"
3125:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3055:(broken link)
3044:
3040:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3010:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2961:. 19 May 2014
2960:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2897:
2896:0-674-02111-8
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2773:
2772:Open Magazine
2769:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2746:0-8047-4406-8
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2716:
2708:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2688:9780197689363
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2538:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2469:, p. 26.
2468:
2463:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2435:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2274:9781736850084
2270:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2178:"Zhao Ziyang"
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1969:
1953:
1949:
1947:ๆญฆๆฑๅธ็ฌฌๅๅไธญๅญฆๆ กๅ่ตต็ดซ้ณ
1941:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1919:7-5000-0247-5
1915:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1847:
1844:
1833:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:World Journal
1742:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1682:According to
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1647:on the right.
1644:
1639:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1534:
1532:
1531:Zeng Qinghong
1528:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1472:Open Magazine
1468:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1371:9 June speech
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:Yang Shangkun
1261:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1163:shock therapy
1159:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1049:, he led the
1048:
1047:Alvin Toffler
1045:, especially
1044:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1026:Ronald Reagan
1022:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:CCP Politburo
993:
989:
985:
975:
973:
969:
957:
954:
950:
940:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:Beijing Hotel
900:
896:
890:
887:
877:
875:
871:
866:
865:(1966โ1976).
864:
860:
854:
852:
848:
844:
843:Deng Xiaoping
839:
837:
836:Jasper Becker
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
771:
763:
758:
749:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
703:
699:
698:Deng Xiaoping
695:
691:
686:
684:
679:
675:
669:
667:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
623:; pronounced
618:
609:
604:
599:
589:
573:
564:
554:
551:
549:
545:
542:
540:
536:
534:
530:
527:
524:
522:
518:
517:
509:
505:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
479:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:
460:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
416:
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
389:
387:Resting place
385:
381:
372:
368:
365:
361:
345:
341:
336:
332:
329:Deng Xiaoping
328:
326:
322:
318:
317:Yang Shangkun
310:
305:
302:
295:
291:
289:
285:
278:
276:
273:
270:
268:Deng Xiaoping
267:
265:
262:
261:
255:
250:
247:
243:
240:Deng Xiaoping
239:
237:
233:
227:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
203:
200:
197:
191:
185:
182:
180:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
159:
152:
149:
144:
140:
137:
133:
127:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
103:
100:
97:
91:
85:
80:
77:
73:
69:
62:
57:
46:
39:
36:
32:
31:
26:
22:
12709:
12587:Human rights
12568:
12561:
12554:
12547:
12540:
12533:
12526:
12519:
12515:Leica advert
12507:
12500:
12493:
12486:
12479:
12472:
12465:
12458:
12338:Yang Baibing
12278:Zhou Yongjun
12228:Tang Baiqiao
12193:Han Dongfang
12013:
11775:Tian Xiangli
11740:Feng Yuanwei
11708:Chairpersons
11675:Jiang Jufeng
11655:Zhang Haoruo
11634:
11630:Liu Xingyuan
11625:Zhang Guohua
11599:Wang Xiaohui
11594:Peng Qinghua
11547:Chairpersons
11536:Wang Xiaohui
11531:Peng Qinghua
11485:
11481:Liu Xingyuan
11476:Zhang Guohua
11361:Liang Weilin
11351:Wang Shoudao
11334:Chairpersons
11306:Huang Huahua
11265:
11256:Liu Xingyuan
11203:Ou Guangyuan
11161:Chairpersons
11125:Li Changchun
11094:
11085:Liu Xingyuan
11074:
10975:Jiang Zuojun
10970:Jiang Xinzhi
10850:Liu Xincheng
10740:Zhang Qingli
10721:(added 2017)
10709:Liu Xiaofeng
10655:
10641:Zhang Qingli
10597:
10574:(added 2010)
10567:Wang Zhizhen
10522:Sun Jiazheng
10492:Huang Mengfu
10477:Chen Kuiyuan
10423:(added 2005)
10417:(added 2005)
10411:(added 2005)
10399:Zhang Huaixi
10391:Huang Mengfu
10371:Chen Kuiyuan
10361:Zhou Tienong
10326:Zhang Siqing
10291:Wang Zhongyu
10271:Wang Wenyuan
10266:Zhou Tienong
10251:Jing Shuping
10181:Zhang Siqing
10131:Wang Zhaoguo
10003:Zhou Peiyuan
9998:Yang Jingren
9978:Wang Zhaoguo
9899:Cheng Siyuan
9829:Zhou Peiyuan
9804:Yang Jingren
9751:Lei Jieqiong
9690:Fei Xiaotong
9665:Zhou Peiyuan
9660:Zhou Jianren
9640:Yang Chengwu
9570:Yang Jingren
9531:Zhou Peiyuan
9513:Yang Xiufeng
9495:He Changgong
9430:Zhou Jianren
9415:Yang Jingren
9410:Wang Shoudao
9359:
9290:Teng Daiyuan
9260:Gao Chongmin
9240:Chen Shutong
9235:Huang Yanpei
9201:(added 1960)
9199:He Xiangning
9164:Chen Shutong
9150:
9146:Huang Yanpei
9107:(added 1958)
9086:
9082:Chen Shutong
9067:He Xiangning
9062:Huang Yanpei
9007:Chen Shutong
8857:
8825:
8792:Xu Xiangqian
8782:Nie Rongzhen
8764:Chen Yonggui
8759:Zhang Tingfa
8687:
8673:
8370:Xu Xiangqian
8360:Nie Rongzhen
8350:Zhang Tingfa
8268:
8244:
8104:Ding Guangen
8008:
7930:, dismissed)
7923:
7860:Wei Jianxing
7729:He Dongchang
7664:Zhao Dongwan
7649:Yang Taifang
7645:Wen Minsheng
7610:Ding Guangen
7586:Zeng Xianlin
7403:Zhou Jiannan
7279:Zheng Tuobin
7205:Jia Chunwang
7184:Ruan Chongwu
7163:Yang Jingren
7150:Ding Henggao
7104:
7088:Zhang Jingfu
7058:Zhang Aiping
7047:
6976:Zhang Aiping
6971:Zhang Jingfu
6880:
6765:
6693:
6647:Gang of Four
6622:Eight Elders
6210:Wu Guanzheng
6204:Wei Jianxing
5571:Jinggangshan
5550:
5543:
5536:
5429:in Hong Kong
5133:
5016:(2nd-ranked)
5013:
5012:
4994:
4989:
4981:(4th-ranked)
4979:as President
4978:
4977:
4959:
4953:(2nd-ranked)
4950:
4949:
4934:(5th-ranked)
4932:as President
4931:
4930:
4912:
4906:(3rd-ranked)
4903:
4902:
4871:
4844:
4839:Liu Xingyuan
4817:
4785:
4771:(from 1992)
4767:
4761:
4751:
4746:
4729:
4724:Liu Xingyuan
4704:
4677:
4640:
4621:
4611:
4599:
4589:
4579:
4569:
4502:
4470:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4417:Asian Survey
4416:
4405:
4379:
4344:
4324:
4316:Bibliography
4307:. Hong Kong.
4304:
4294:
4282:. Retrieved
4278:
4268:
4249:
4237:
4213:
4206:
4198:
4189:
4177:. Retrieved
4173:
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4147:
4137:
4129:
4113:
4105:
4089:
4081:
4072:
4060:. Retrieved
4053:
4043:
4031:. Retrieved
4025:
4015:
4003:. Retrieved
3998:
3988:
3980:
3971:
3959:. Retrieved
3947:
3922:. Retrieved
3917:
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3891:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3863:
3837:
3825:. Retrieved
3818:
3792:. Retrieved
3778:
3753:. Retrieved
3724:. Retrieved
3718:
3691:– via
3667:(1): 36โ49.
3664:
3660:Asian Survey
3658:
3630:. Retrieved
3626:The Guardian
3624:
3584:
3580:
3570:
3558:. Retrieved
3552:
3542:
3530:. Retrieved
3524:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3495:
3485:
3459:
3454:
3447:Gewirtz 2022
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3416:
3390:. Retrieved
3378:
3368:
3361:Gewirtz 2022
3356:
3349:Gewirtz 2022
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3327:the original
3311:
3283:. Retrieved
3278:the original
3262:
3235:. Retrieved
3221:
3211:
3204:Gewirtz 2022
3199:
3192:Gewirtz 2022
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:the original
3164:
3157:Wu, Guoguang
3151:
3139:. Retrieved
3133:
3124:
3112:. Retrieved
3098:
3089:
3077:. Retrieved
3069:
3060:
3047:. Retrieved
3043:the original
3028:. Retrieved
3024:the original
3019:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2985:
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2958:
2917:
2887:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2863:
2853:
2841:
2810:. Retrieved
2805:the original
2799:
2795:่กไปฝๅถๆน้ฉๆฏๅธๅบ่กไธบๅ๏ผ
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2771:
2759:
2751:Google Books
2749:– via
2731:
2724:
2713:
2674:
2671:Tsang, Steve
2665:
2657:
2648:
2640:
2616:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2591:
2581:
2573:
2564:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2530:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2467:Gewirtz 2022
2462:
2450:. Retrieved
2444:
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2415:
2373:(143): 753.
2368:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2335:– via
2312:
2264:
2241:. Retrieved
2227:
2217:
2205:. Retrieved
2199:
2189:
2181:
2152:. Retrieved
2145:
2136:
2128:
2078:. Retrieved
2067:
2003:. Retrieved
1999:the original
1994:ๆปๅฟ(Hua Xian)
1987:
1975:็ฌฌไธ็ซ ๆ
้ใๅฎถไธๅ็ซฅๅนด
1973:่ถ่ (1989).
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1952:the original
1940:
1932:
1928:
1909:
1904:
1843:China portal
1816:
1809:
1799:
1798:
1790:Adi Ignatius
1786:
1779:
1777:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1734:
1726:Chen Chi-mai
1714:
1681:
1650:
1609:
1599:
1596:
1584:
1579:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1540:
1516:
1491:Bill Clinton
1483:
1469:
1461:
1450:Qing Dynasty
1424:
1413:House arrest
1403:
1391:
1380:
1367:
1352:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1290:
1278:
1262:
1251:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1185:Party elders
1177:
1168:
1160:
1148:
1132:
1124:
1113:
1097:
1090:
1071:
1060:
1031:
1008:
986:as China's "
981:
965:
958:
946:
930:
926:death of Mao
919:
891:
883:
867:
855:
840:
825:
798:
767:
752:Early career
741:house arrest
711:
687:
670:
650:
616:
615:
603:
375:(2005-01-17)
308:
253:
225:
206:Succeeded by
157:
148:Vice Premier
141:(since 1983)
125:
106:Succeeded by
83:
65:Zhao in 1985
35:
28:
21:Chinese name
12776:2005 deaths
12771:1919 births
12677:32nd (2021)
12672:31st (2020)
12667:30th (2019)
12662:25th (2014)
12657:24th (2013)
12652:21st (2010)
12647:20th (2009)
12642:10th (1999)
12348:Hong Xuezhi
12333:Chi Haotian
12328:Liu Huaqing
12243:Wang Youcai
12208:Liu Xianbin
12183:Feng Congde
12060:Jiang Zemin
12055:Chen Xitong
12014:Zhao Ziyang
11981:Li Xiannian
11750:Nie Ronggui
11745:Liao Bokang
11720:Liao Zhigao
11715:Li Jingquan
11695:Shi Xiaolin
11690:Huang Qiang
11665:Song Baorui
11645:Yang Xizong
11635:Zhao Ziyang
11615:Li Jingquan
11564:Yang Xizong
11486:Zhao Ziyang
11471:Liao Zhigao
11466:Li Jingquan
11458:Secretaries
11391:Zhu Mingguo
11381:Chen Shaoji
11366:Wu Nansheng
11356:Yin Linping
11311:Zhu Xiaodan
11291:Ye Xuanping
11276:Xi Zhongxun
11271:Wei Guoqing
11266:Zhao Ziyang
11236:Ye Jianying
11198:Huang Liman
11168:Li Jianzhen
11110:Ren Zhongyi
11105:Xi Zhongxun
11100:Wei Guoqing
11095:Zhao Ziyang
11075:Zhao Ziyang
11065:Ye Jianying
11057:Secretaries
10995:Zhu Yongxin
10980:He Baoxiang
10940:Gao Yunlong
10895:Shen Yueyue
10885:Shi Taifeng
10865:Gao Yunlong
10795:Xia Baolong
10770:Lu Zhangong
10732:(2018โ2023)
10714:Wang Qinmin
10679:Wang Jiarui
10669:Lu Zhangong
10585:(2013โ2018)
10537:Deng Pufang
10487:Li Zhaozhuo
10434:(2008โ2013)
10386:Li Zhaozhuo
10366:Hao Jianxiu
10356:Zhang Kehui
10301:Liu Yandong
10283:(2003โ2008)
10261:Zhang Kehui
10241:Mao Zhiyong
10231:Chen Jinhua
10221:Wan Guoquan
10216:Zhu Guangya
10201:Ann Tse-kai
10161:Ren Jianxin
10121:Ye Xuanping
10113:(1998โ2003)
10094:Wan Guoquan
10088:Zhu Guangya
10073:Ann Tse-kai
10063:Dong Yinchu
10028:Qian Xuesen
9993:Hong Xuezhi
9963:Ye Xuanping
9955:(1993โ1998)
9942:Ye Xuanping
9936:Hong Xuezhi
9919:Ismail Amat
9894:Sun Xiaocun
9879:Qian Xuesen
9834:Miao Yuntai
9809:Kang Keqing
9776:(1988โ1993)
9745:Qian Xuesen
9733:Hua Luogeng
9721:Mao Yisheng
9700:Ye Shengtao
9675:Miao Yuntai
9655:Lรผ Zhengcao
9650:Chen Zaidao
9635:Zhou Shutao
9615:Wang Kunlun
9590:Kang Keqing
9585:Cheng Zihua
9562:(1983โ1988)
9507:Cheng Zihua
9483:Wang Kunlun
9450:Tong Dizhou
9420:Zhang Chong
9400:Kang Keqing
9395:Zhu Yunshan
9360:Zhao Ziyang
9350:Wei Guoqing
9337:(1978โ1983)
9270:Wei Guoqing
9265:Cai Tingkai
9230:Ye Jianying
9212:(1965โ1978)
9169:Tan Kah Kee
9118:(1959โ1965)
9095:Tan Kah Kee
9088:Zhang Bojun
9019:(1954โ1959)
8979:(1949โ1954)
8858:Zhao Ziyang
8826:Zhao Ziyang
8769:Chen Xilian
8715:Liu Bocheng
8700:Wei Guoqing
8674:Zhao Ziyang
8650:Li Xiannian
8638:Ye Jianying
8634:afterwards)
8624:Hua Guofeng
8607:(1977โ1982)
8404:Xi Zhongxun
8305:Wei Guoqing
8295:Xi Zhongxun
8251:Li Xiannian
8245:Zhao Ziyang
8234:Ye Jianying
8209:(1982โ1987)
8031:Jiang Zemin
7966:Jiang Zemin
7946:(dismissed)
7924:Zhao Ziyang
7902:(1987โ1992)
7796:Peng Peiyun
7788: [
7749: [
7716:Ai Zhisheng
7708: [
7660:Zhao Shouyi
7626: [
7589: [
7578: [
7553:Qin Zhongda
7534: [
7516: [
7505: [
7502:Gao Yangwen
7487: [
7476: [
7454: [
7436:Jiang Zemin
7425:Mo Wenxiang
7392:Qi Yuanjing
7373: [
7366:Sun Daguang
7351: [
7344:Rui Xingwen
7306: [
7260: [
7167:Ismail Amat
7142: [
7105:Zhao Ziyang
6955:Kang Shi'en
6881:Zhao Ziyang
6792:(2013โ2023)
6786:(2003โ2013)
6780:(1998โ2003)
6774:(1987โ1998)
6768:(1980โ1987)
6766:Zhao Ziyang
6762:(1976โ1980)
6760:Hua Guofeng
6756:(1949โ1976)
6222:Wang Qishan
6216:He Guoqiang
6206:(1992โ2002)
6026:Secretariat
5692:20th (2022)
5687:19th (2017)
5682:18th (2012)
5677:17th (2007)
5672:16th (2002)
5667:15th (1997)
5662:14th (1992)
5657:13th (1987)
5652:12th (1982)
5647:11th (1977)
5642:10th (1973)
5301:Commissions
5201:Departments
5186:Secretariat
5148:(2002โ2012)
5142:(1989โ2002)
5140:Jiang Zemin
5136:(1987โ1989)
5134:Zhao Ziyang
5130:(1981โ1987)
5124:(1976โ1981)
5122:Hua Guofeng
5118:(1943โ1976)
5112:(1935โ1943)
5106:(1931โ1935)
5100:(1928โ1931)
5094:(1921โ1927)
4973:Li Xiannian
4926:Li Xiannian
4866:Hua Guofeng
4829:Wei Guoqing
4797:Jiang Zemin
4769:Jiang Zemin
4714:Wei Guoqing
4651:(The Times)
4499:Zhao Ziyang
4376:Pan, Philip
4005:15 November
3490:Gao, Feng.
2898:. pp.56โ57.
2864:Marketplace
2446:Nikkei Asia
2117:NewropMag.
1741:Baidu Baike
1730:White House
1695: [
1684:Du Daozheng
1677:Hua Jianmin
1669:He Guoqiang
1665:Jia Qinglin
1641: [
1475: [
1442:Zhongnanhai
1430: [
1376:Chen Xitong
1363:Jiang Zemin
1359:martial law
1343:Wu Guoguang
1329:Zhao Ziyang
1270:martial law
1247:North Korea
1193:Li Xiannian
1074:revisionist
1051:863 Program
984:Hua Guofeng
861:during the
811:during the
729:Li Xiannian
617:Zhao Ziyang
588:White House
483:1972โ1989:
465:1980โ1989:
404:(from 1938)
279:Hua Guofeng
271:Li Xiannian
264:Ye Jianying
199:Hua Guofeng
194:Preceded by
139:Li Xiannian
111:Jiang Zemin
94:Preceded by
42:Zhao Ziyang
25:family name
12760:Categories
12372:Army units
12363:Li Lianxiu
12358:Xu Qinxian
12268:Zhang Boli
12263:Yu Dongyue
12248:Wu'erkaixi
12213:Liu Xiaobo
12198:Hou Dejian
12178:Fang Zheng
12173:Fang Lizhi
12168:Ding Zilin
12134:Protesters
12121:Wu Xueqian
12116:Wen Jiabao
12101:Yan Mingfu
12091:Hu Yaobang
12065:Zhu Rongji
11890:Chronology
11861:Corruption
11824:Background
11770:Ke Zunping
11765:Li Chongxi
11760:Tao Wuxian
11725:Du Xinyuan
11705:Conference
11620:Li Dazhang
11579:Du Qinglin
11569:Xie Shijie
11554:Du Xinyuan
11516:Du Qinglin
11501:Xie Shijie
11496:Yang Rudai
11491:Tan Qilong
11449:since 1949
11401:Lin Keqing
11376:Liu Fengyi
11346:Ou Mengjue
11331:Conference
11316:Ma Xingrui
11296:Zhu Senlin
11281:Liu Tianfu
11261:Ding Sheng
11193:Lu Zhonghe
11183:Zhu Senlin
11140:Hu Chunhua
11090:Ding Sheng
11048:since 1949
10990:Qin Boyong
10905:Zhou Qiang
10890:Hu Chunhua
10845:Gu Shengzu
10651:Li Haifeng
10599:Ling Jihua
10593:Du Qinglin
10512:Qian Yunlu
10472:Bai Lichen
10467:Ma Man-kei
10452:Du Qinglin
10381:Xu Kuangdi
10351:Luo Haocai
10346:Bai Lichen
10341:Ma Man-kei
10331:K. H. Ting
10321:Li Guixian
10256:Luo Haocai
10246:Bai Lichen
10236:Zhao Nanqi
10211:Ma Man-kei
10196:Sun Fuling
10191:K. H. Ting
10171:Li Guixian
10141:Zhao Puchu
10126:Yang Rudai
10083:Ma Man-kei
10068:Sun Fuling
10058:K. H. Ting
10053:Hou Jingru
10023:Liu Jingji
10013:Zhao Puchu
9973:Yang Rudai
9968:Wu Xueqian
9930:K. H. Ting
9924:Hou Jingru
9874:Wang Enmao
9869:Liu Jingji
9849:Zhao Puchu
9789:Yan Mingfu
9739:Wang Enmao
9727:Liu Jingji
9695:Zhao Puchu
9630:Tao Zhiyue
9575:Liu Lantao
9519:Sha Qianli
9455:Liu Lantao
9445:Rong Yiren
9385:Ouyang Qin
9355:Peng Chong
9305:Li Zhuchen
9295:Xie Juezai
9280:Li Siguang
9275:Deng Zihui
9245:Liu Lantao
9184:Kang Sheng
9159:Li Siguang
9141:Shen Junru
9077:Li Siguang
9057:Shen Junru
8997:Shen Junru
8987:Zhou Enlai
8853:Chen Muhua
8810:Hu Yaobang
8797:Peng Chong
8741:Li Desheng
8733:Su Zhenhua
8725:Ji Dengkui
8668:Hu Yaobang
8502:Chen Muhua
8439:Wu Xueqian
8434:Yang Dezhi
8414:Tian Jiyun
8335:Yang Dezhi
8325:Li Desheng
8283:(Sep 1985)
8224:Hu Yaobang
8080:Hu Yaobang
8067:Wu Xueqian
8057:Yang Rudai
8044:Li Ruihuan
8039:Li Tieying
8026:Tian Jiyun
7992:Li Ruihuan
7831:Lรผ Peijian
7827:Yu Mingtao
7814:Chen Muhua
7810:Lรผ Peijian
7768:Li Menghua
7564:Wu Wenying
7513:Yu Hong'en
7462:Zou Jiahua
7440:Li Tieying
7314:Gao Dezhan
7303:Yang Zhong
7275:Chen Muhua
7109:Li Tieying
7044:Wu Xueqian
7015:Tian Jiyun
6981:Wu Xueqian
6966:Ji Pengfei
6960:Chen Muhua
6921:Tian Jiyun
6790:Li Keqiang
6784:Wen Jiabao
6778:Zhu Rongji
6754:Zhou Enlai
6550:Ideologies
6269:Elected by
5637:9th (1969)
5632:8th (1956)
5627:7th (1945)
5622:6th (1928)
5617:5th (1927)
5612:4th (1925)
5607:3rd (1923)
5602:2nd (1922)
5597:1st (1921)
5465:Rural Work
5152:Xi Jinping
5128:Hu Yaobang
5116:Mao Zedong
5092:Chen Duxiu
5002:1987โ1989
4967:1985โ1987
4920:1982โ1985
4877:1980โ1987
4850:1975โ1980
4823:1974โ1975
4812:Ding Sheng
4791:1987โ1989
4780:Hu Yaobang
4758:1980โ1989
4739:Tan Qilong
4733:1975โ1980
4708:1974โ1975
4699:Ding Sheng
4683:1965โ1967
4398:1150955831
4368:1228187814
4153:18 January
3458:Li Peng.
2846:Weber 2021
2834:Weber 2021
2812:9 November
2778:3 November
2718:(230): 20.
2658:TIME World
2129:Newrop Mag
2005:26 January
1958:2 November
1891:References
1805:Fang Lizhi
1762:Yang Rudai
1692:Zhao Erjun
1661:Ding Zilin
1638:Zhao Erjun
1495:free press
1395:airbrushed
1338:ๆไปฌๅทฒ็ป่ไบ๏ผๆ ๆ่ฐ
1258:an article
1093:Hu Yaobang
907:Zhou Enlai
859:Red Guards
851:Kuomintang
847:Liu Shaoqi
801:Long March
782:Hua County
762:Mao Zedong
707:Hu Yaobang
661:Hua County
415:Liang Boqi
360:Hua County
353:1919-10-17
347:Zhao Xiuye
292:Hu Yaobang
179:Tian Jiyun
99:Hu Yaobang
12717:Hong Kong
12576:TV series
12570:Chimerica
12495:Execution
12343:Qin Jiwei
12258:Yan Jiaqi
12253:Xiong Yan
12223:Shen Tong
12218:Qin Benli
12153:Chai Ling
12070:Hu Jintao
12050:Li Ximing
12034:Yao Yilin
11991:Peng Zhen
11986:Wang Zhen
11947:Communist
11755:Qin Yuqin
11735:Yang Chao
11730:Ren Baige
11660:Xiao Yang
11640:Lu Dadong
11608:Governors
11584:Liu Qibao
11521:Liu Qibao
11396:Wang Rong
11301:Lu Ruihua
11228:Governors
11135:Wang Yang
11046:Guangdong
11000:Yang Zhen
10935:Shao Hong
10915:Edmund Ho
10900:Wang Yong
10860:Shao Hong
10830:He Lifeng
10765:Edmund Ho
10745:Liu Qibao
10704:Ma Peihua
10694:Qi Xuchun
10664:Chen Yuan
10636:Edmund Ho
10626:Lin Wenyi
10572:Edmund Ho
10547:Lin Wenyi
10527:Li Jinhua
10442:Wang Gang
10395:Wang Xuan
10336:Henry Fok
10206:Henry Fok
10166:Song Jian
10078:Henry Fok
10048:Su Buqing
9914:Su Buqing
9864:Ma Wenrui
9819:Hu Zi'ang
9757:Wang Feng
9715:Ma Wenrui
9625:Dong Qiwu
9610:Hu Zi'ang
9580:Lu Dingyi
9549:Dong Qiwu
9471:Li Weihan
9465:Lu Dingyi
9440:Hu Zi'ang
9390:Shi Liang
9380:Xu Deheng
9365:Guo Moruo
9320:Li Dequan
9315:Xu Deheng
9220:Peng Zhen
9152:Li Weihan
9136:Guo Moruo
9131:Li Jishen
9126:Peng Zhen
9072:Li Weihan
9052:Peng Zhen
9047:Guo Moruo
9042:Zhang Lan
9037:Li Jishen
9032:Dong Biwu
9002:Guo Moruo
8992:Li Jishen
8834:Peng Zhen
8818:Wang Zhen
8777:Geng Biao
8720:Xu Shiyou
8497:Qin Jiwei
8489:Yao Yilin
8469:Peng Zhen
8459:Yao Yilin
8449:Hu Qiaomu
8375:Peng Zhen
8355:Hu Qiaomu
8300:Wang Zhen
8088:Qin Jiwei
8072:Song Ping
8052:Li Ximing
7987:Song Ping
7982:Yao Yilin
7950:Yao Yilin
7746:Cui Yueli
7726:Education
7705:Wu Lengxi
7681:Wang Meng
7677:Zhu Muzhi
7620:Transport
7606:Chen Puru
7473:Zhang Jun
7388:Li Dongye
7348:Ye Rutang
7340:Li Ximing
7218:Cui Naifu
7188:Wang Fang
7180:Liu Fuzhi
7126:Song Jian
7075:Yao Yilin
7071:Song Ping
7029:Ministers
6996:Song Jian
6991:Song Ping
6911:Yao Yilin
6663:Shuanggui
6599:Groupings
6424:1955โ1956
6420:1949โ1955
6414:1933โ1945
6410:1928โ1933
6230:(2017โ22)
6228:Zhao Leji
6224:(2012โ17)
6218:(2007โ12)
6212:(2002โ07)
6200:(1987โ92)
6194:(1978โ87)
6188:(1955โ68)
6186:Dong Biwu
6182:(1949โ55)
5821:Politburo
5730:4th: 1927
5460:Education
5326:Financial
5176:Politburo
5146:Hu Jintao
4856:Lu Dadong
4747:New title
4350:Routledge
4193:Reuters.
3956:0362-4331
3789:0362-4331
3681:0004-4687
3603:2070-3449
3427:0362-4331
3387:0362-4331
3322:0015-7120
3273:0028-7504
3232:0362-4331
3109:0040-781X
2994:0362-4331
2767:่ตต็ดซ้ณไนๅ็ไธญๅฝ"
2379:0305-7410
2333:301887109
2238:0362-4331
1896:Citations
1673:Wang Gang
1620:, then a
1614:Yan Jiaqi
1519:pneumonia
1465:snapshots
1436:, in the
1383:Wang Zhen
1349:Aftermath
1293:megaphone
1213:Yao Yilin
1043:futurists
962:"่ฆๅ็ฒฎ๏ผๆพ็ดซ้ณ"
874:dunce cap
870:Guangzhou
821:Guangdong
817:civil war
720:Chairman
674:Guangdong
442:Signature
393:, Beijing
362:, Henan,
309:In office
254:In office
226:In office
171:Yao Yilin
135:President
126:In office
84:In office
12700:Tank Man
12321:Generals
12313:Military
12238:Wang Dan
12188:Liu Gang
12163:Dai Qing
12158:Cui Jian
12086:Bao Tong
12024:Qiao Shi
11971:Chen Yun
11680:Wei Hong
11559:He Haoju
11545:Congress
11213:Li Yumei
11173:Luo Tian
11159:Congress
10955:Xian Hui
10760:Wan Gang
10631:Luo Fuhe
10621:Wan Gang
10606:Han Qide
10557:Luo Fuhe
10552:Li Wuwei
10542:Wan Gang
10447:Liao Hui
10296:Liao Hui
10156:Lu Jiaxi
10038:Hu Sheng
9904:Lu Jiaxi
9889:Hu Sheng
9645:Xiao Hua
9477:Hu Yuzhi
9457:(added;
9325:Ma Xulun
9285:Fu Zuoyi
8787:Ni Zhifu
8754:Yu Qiuli
8662:Chen Yun
8628:Chairman
8464:Ni Zhifu
8444:Yu Qiuli
8419:Qiao Shi
8365:Ni Zhifu
8340:Yu Qiuli
8256:Chen Yun
7977:Qiao Shi
7939:Qiao Shi
7844:Lu Jiaxi
7785:Wang Wei
7542:Wang Tao
7254:Commerce
7201:Ling Yun
7139:Chen Bin
6926:Qiao Shi
6796:Li Qiang
6701:Category
6198:Qiao Shi
6192:Chen Yun
5311:Auditing
4633:Archived
4378:(2008).
4257:Archived
4148:BBC News
4122:Archived
4098:Archived
3975:Wu Nan.
3892:NBC News
3865:BBC News
3820:BBC News
3755:21 March
3653:(1991).
3071:BBC News
2939:Pan 2008
2884:Wang Hui
2593:HuffPost
2417:BBC News
2349:Editor.
2147:CBC News
2122:Archived
2074:Archived
1829:See also
1823:Mandarin
1688:cremated
1618:John Liu
1576:SINA.com
1505:, and a
1457:siheyuan
1406:Bao Tong
1327:โ
1256:publish
1207:Premier
1189:Chen Yun
895:Changsha
722:Chen Yun
434:Children
325:Chairman
288:Chairman
275:Chen Yun
236:Chairman
184:Qiao Shi
158:See list
19:In this
12728:Related
12148:Bei Dao
12106:Yuan Mu
12096:Luo Gan
12029:Hu Qili
12019:Li Peng
11996:Bo Yibo
11447:Sichuan
11341:Tao Zhu
11246:Chen Yu
11241:Tao Zhu
11178:Lin Ruo
11120:Xie Fei
11115:Lin Ruo
11070:Tao Zhu
10950:Mu Hong
10945:Chen Wu
10925:Bagatur
10820:Bagatur
10780:Ma Biao
10689:Ma Biao
10657:Su Rong
10404:Li Meng
10226:Hu Qili
10102:(added)
10100:He Luli
10096:(added)
10090:(added)
9944:(added)
9938:(added)
9932:(added)
9926:(added)
9794:Fang Yi
9765:(added)
9759:(added)
9753:(added)
9747:(added)
9741:(added)
9735:(added)
9729:(added)
9723:(added)
9717:(added)
9595:Ji Fang
9551:(added)
9545:(added)
9543:Liu Fei
9539:(added)
9533:(added)
9527:(added)
9521:(added)
9515:(added)
9509:(added)
9503:(added)
9501:Xiao Ke
9497:(added)
9491:(added)
9485:(added)
9479:(added)
9473:(added)
9467:(added)
9405:Ji Fang
9375:Mao Dun
9300:Mao Dun
9255:Xu Bing
9225:Chen Yi
9179:Chen Yi
8710:Fang Yi
8454:Hu Qili
8424:Li Peng
8409:Fang Yi
8315:Fang Yi
7972:Li Peng
7944:Hu Qili
7934:Li Peng
7733:Li Peng
7694:Mu Qing
7623:Li Qing
7575:Yang Bo
7531:Tang Ke
7484:Li Xu'e
7370:Zhu Xun
7292:He Kang
7241:Finance
7228:Justice
7122:Fang Yi
7092:Lรผ Dong
6998:(added)
6945:Fang Yi
6928:(added)
6916:Li Peng
6885:Li Peng
6873:Premier
6772:Li Peng
6612:Tuanpai
6236:(2022โ)
5380:Secrecy
4883:Li Peng
4672:Tao Zhu
4522:่ตต็ดซ้ณๅๅฟ้ไธ
4284:10 July
4179:25 July
4062:30 June
4033:30 June
3961:15 July
3924:18 July
3898:15 July
3872:13 July
3827:13 July
3794:15 July
3726:13 July
3689:2645183
3560:29 June
3554:The Age
3432:30 June
3334:30 June
3285:30 June
3237:30 June
3177:30 June
3141:29 June
3114:29 June
3079:29 June
3049:23 June
3030:23 June
2999:29 June
2869:29 June
2452:17 July
2424:29 June
2243:30 June
2154:13 July
2080:29 June
1910:ไธญๅฝๅคง็พ็งๅ
จไนฆ
1768:Memoirs
1659:leader
1527:strokes
1387:Hu Qili
1355:Li Peng
1209:Li Peng
1114:At the
1109:Li Peng
1078:Marxism
953:Sichuan
909:at the
828:Tao Zhu
770:Chinese
733:Li Peng
694:Sichuan
428:
420:
380:Beijing
211:Li Peng
175:Li Peng
12589:groups
12287:Groups
12111:Wan Li
12079:Others
11958:Elders
11685:Yin Li
10930:Su Hui
10855:He Wei
10835:Su Hui
10810:Li Bin
10311:Ba Jin
10146:Ba Jin
10018:Ba Jin
9859:Ba Jin
9710:Ba Jin
9345:Ulanhu
8705:Ulanhu
8399:Wan Li
8310:Ulanhu
8290:Wan Li
8021:Wan Li
7257:Liu Yi
7231:Zou Yu
6906:Wan Li
6422:&
6412:&
6244:Others
6180:Zhu De
5566:Yan'an
5561:Pudong
5545:Qiushi
5513:Others
5502:Office
5490:Office
5485:Taiwan
5453:Office
5385:Office
5373:Office
5346:Office
5083:Leader
4990:First
4762:Vacant
4479:
4396:
4386:
4366:
4356:
4331:
4225:
3954:
3787:
3687:
3679:
3632:5 July
3601:
3532:5 July
3504:5 July
3476:
3468:
3425:
3392:5 July
3385:
3320:
3271:
3230:
3107:
2992:
2965:7 July
2894:
2743:
2685:
2599:9 July
2387:654997
2385:
2377:
2331:
2321:
2271:
2236:
2207:9 July
1916:
1718:Taiwan
1706:Legacy
1446:Hutong
922:Maoist
886:fitter
772::
690:Maoist
409:Spouse
166:Wan Li
23:, the
12686:Icons
12452:Works
12203:Li Lu
11949:Party
11145:Li Xi
9854:Qu Wu
9799:Gu Mu
9705:Qu Wu
8746:Wu De
8617:(PSC)
7792:]
7753:]
7712:]
7630:]
7593:]
7582:]
7538:]
7520:]
7509:]
7491:]
7480:]
7458:]
7451:Yu Yi
7377:]
7355:]
7310:]
7264:]
7146:]
6950:Gu Mu
6418:7th:
6408:6th:
6234:Li Xi
5104:Bo Gu
4562:(BBC)
4556:(BBC)
4550:(BBC)
3693:JSTOR
3685:JSTOR
3480:. p.3
2710:(PDF)
2383:JSTOR
1699:]
1645:]
1513:Death
1501:, an
1479:]
1434:]
1063:Wham!
1011:Anhui
872:in a
786:Henan
778:Wuhan
422:(
418:
12440:67th
12436:65th
12432:64th
12429:63rd
12426:54th
12422:40th
12417:39th
12412:38th
12407:28th
12402:27th
12397:26th
12393:24th
12389:20th
12384:15th
12379:12th
10874:14th
10729:13th
10582:12th
10431:11th
10280:10th
8929:20th
8925:19th
8921:18th
8917:17th
8913:16th
8909:15th
8905:14th
8901:13th
8897:12th
8893:11th
8889:10th
8565:20th
8561:19th
8557:18th
8553:17th
8549:16th
8545:15th
8541:14th
8537:13th
8533:12th
8529:11th
8525:10th
8167:20th
8163:19th
8159:18th
8155:17th
8151:16th
8147:15th
8143:14th
8139:13th
8135:12th
8131:11th
8127:10th
6856:6th
4570:TIME
4477:ISBN
4394:OCLC
4384:ISBN
4364:OCLC
4354:ISBN
4329:ISBN
4305:SCMP
4286:2021
4223:ISBN
4181:2021
4155:2019
4064:2021
4035:2021
4007:2019
3963:2021
3952:ISSN
3926:2021
3900:2021
3874:2021
3829:2021
3796:2021
3785:ISSN
3757:2017
3728:2021
3677:ISSN
3634:2021
3599:ISSN
3585:2008
3562:2021
3534:2021
3506:2021
3474:ISBN
3466:ISBN
3434:2021
3423:ISSN
3394:2021
3383:ISSN
3336:2021
3318:ISSN
3287:2021
3269:ISSN
3239:2021
3228:ISSN
3179:2021
3143:2021
3116:2021
3105:ISSN
3100:TIME
3081:2021
3051:2009
3032:2009
3001:2021
2990:ISSN
2967:2021
2892:ISBN
2871:2021
2814:2012
2780:2012
2741:ISBN
2683:ISBN
2601:2021
2454:2021
2426:2021
2375:ISSN
2329:OCLC
2319:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2245:2021
2234:ISSN
2209:2021
2156:2021
2082:2021
2007:2009
1979:่ถ็ดซ้ฝๅณ
1960:2012
1914:ISBN
1675:and
1191:and
1137:and
1086:golf
501:13th
497:12th
493:11th
489:10th
475:13th
471:12th
467:11th
370:Died
343:Born
30:Zhao
11445:of
11044:of
10110:9th
9952:8th
9773:7th
9559:6th
9334:5th
9209:4th
9115:3rd
9016:2nd
8976:1st
8885:9th
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