336:. On 23 April, the Chongzhen Emperor held his last audience with his ministers. Li Zicheng offered Chongzhen the opportunity to surrender, but the emperor refused. The following day, the rebel army attacked the capital. The Chongzhen Emperor ordered the crown prince and his two brothers: Zhu Cijiong (朱慈炯) and Zhu Cizhao (朱慈炤) to hide in the home of relatives, and summoned the rest of his family. Rather than let them be captured by the rebels, the emperor started killing the female members of his family, concubines and consorts. Using his sword, he killed Consort Yuan and Princess Kunyi, and severed the arm of
321:
wanting to appear weak to the court and faced with oppositions of the majority of the capital officials, he angrily rejected the suggestion and all further discussions to move the court. On 9 April, the general Li
Jiantai brought up the proposal to transfer the court to the south one last time with the crown prince leading ahead and then the emperor following behind. However, this was also rejected after one official Guang Shiheng accused the proponents of plotting to force the emperor to abdicate and installing the crown prince as new emperor as was done with
304:
in Shanxi. The capture of
Taiyuan by Li Zicheng's forces gave his campaign additional momentum; garrisons began to surrender to him without a fight. Through February and March 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor and the court discussed proposals to move the court south to Nanjing. Officials Li Mingrui and Li
359:
has been ascribed to the
Chongzhen Emperor's refusal to move southward when his capital had been under rebel threat. This allowed the Qing dynasty to capture an entire corps of qualified civil servants to administer the country, and also ensured that the Southern Ming pretenders would suffer from
320:
An alternative proposal was made when Li
Banghua submitted a secret memorial to the emperor that the role be reversed, proposing that the emperor stay behind in Beijing to lead the Ming defense while the crown prince would be sent south. Chongzhen secretly wanted to retreat south himself, but not
391:
After the battle, Zhu fell into the hands of Wu Sangui who wanted to restore him to the throne, but Dorgon rejected this idea and was determined to claim the
Mandate of Heaven for the Qing. News of Li's defeat reached Beijing and the residents including the former Ming bureaucrats optimistically
1263:(the Tianqi Emperor), as the crown prince. On 26 September, after the Taichang Emperor died, Zhu Youxiao inherited but did not become the crown prince. Three crown princes of the Tianqi Emperor were all named posthumously, and the last official crown prince was Zhu Changluo.
360:
infighting due to their weak claims on the throne. A large émigré elite of northerners in the south would also have increased the probability of an aggressive policy of reconquest to regain their northern homelands.
376:." Li would keep Zhu alive during his occupation of the city and created him Prince of Song (宋王). Zhu would be held in Li's camp before his defeat by the Manchu Qing under Prince-Regent
396:
on the
Chinese throne. Wu Sangui took the prince to Shanxi, where he was charged with subduing the last Shun remnants. Zhu Cilang died in Ningjiawan, Shaanxi in June 1644.
392:
expected to receive Wu's army and the Ming crown prince. Instead, they were greeted by the forces of Dorgon entering the city's gate. Dorgon would establish his nephew
368:
Upon taking
Beijing on 25 April, Li Zicheng took the crown prince and his brothers as hostages. In their meeting, Li asked Zhu what caused his family to lose the
373:
1500:
1490:
399:
Zhu Cilang was posthumously created Crown Prince
Xianmin (獻愍太子) meaning the "Dedicated" and "Commiserated" Crown Prince by the
1432:
1405:
1359:
288:
Peasant rebellions were ravaging northern China and threatening the Ming capital of
Beijing. In February 1644, rebel leader
317:(監國; regent) to protect the northern capital and guard the imperial altars. This proposal was rejected by the emperor.
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356:
1083:
272:
220:
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372:. The crown prince replied, "Because we made the mistake of employing treacherous ministers like
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of the
Southern Ming dynasty and later Emperor Dao (悼皇帝) meaning the "mournful" emperor by the
385:
322:
1395:
1352:
The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China
1347:
1422:
415:
Zhu Cilang's crown princess was Ning Hong's (寧浤) daughter, Consort Ning (寧妃) who died at 19.
1485:
1480:
8:
1449:
326:
1272:
This posthumous name was conferred by the Hongguang Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty
1397:
The Mythistorical Chinese Scholar-Rebel-Advisor Li Yan: A Global Perspective, 1606-2018
337:
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In April 1644, the army of the rebel Li Zicheng were approaching the capital through
268:
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The Taichang Emperor originally planned on 4 October 1620 to create his eldest son,
305:
Banghua proposed that the Chongzhen Emperor retreat south and set up an alternative
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and proclaimed himself king. In March, his armies captured the important city of
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344:. The emperor was said to have walked to Meishan, a small hill in present-day
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340:. Empress Zhou committed suicide by hanging herself in her palace in the
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1450:"Names of persons and titles of rulers (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
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This posthumous name was conferred by the Regent Prince of Lu
40:
1424:
Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm: China in Tigers' Jaws
1354:. University of California Press. pp. 225–413.
313:
while the crown prince be left behind in Beijing as
1312:钱海岳《南明史》卷二十六·列传第二：“弘光元年……尋諡慈烺曰獻愍。……鲁王监国，追尊慈烺谥曰悼皇帝。”
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357:transition between the Ming and Qing dynasties
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275:, and he was made the crown prince in 1630.
1324:
1427:. Yale University Press. pp. 18–20.
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259:; 26 February 1629 – June 1644) was a
1383:. O. Harrassowitz. 2002. p. 118.
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13:
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1321:錢海岳.《南明史·列傳第二》：「悼皇帝慈烺，崇禎二年二月四日生……」
14:
1517:
1501:Heirs apparent who never acceded
41:Crown Prince of the Ming dynasty
18:Crown Prince of the Ming dynasty
1441:
267:. He was the eldest son of the
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1:
1491:Ming dynasty imperial princes
1394:Forges, Roger V. Des (2020).
1346:Wakeman, Frederic E. (1985).
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273:Lady Zhou, Empress Xiaojielie
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180:Crown Prince Xianmin (獻愍太子)
165:Yixing (義興): June 1644
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1421:Struve, Lynn A. (1993).
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759:Empress Dowager Xiaochun
706:Liu Yingyuan (1533–1588)
589:Empress Dowager Xiaojing
504:Empress Dowager Xiaoding
380:and former Ming general
350:hanged himself on a tree
1380:Central Asiatic Journal
160:Era name and dates
128:Chongzhen 17, 5th month
1400:. BRILL. p. 165.
867:Zhu Cilang (1629–1644)
386:Battle of Shanhai Pass
323:Emperor Suzong of Tang
284:Attempts to move south
1454:www.chinaknowledge.de
1348:"The Fall of Beijing"
1496:Disappeared princes
327:An Lushan Rebellion
125:June 1644 (aged 15)
1448:Theobald, Ulrich.
1084:Empress Xiaojielie
338:Princess Changping
221:Empress Xiaojielie
1434:978-0-300-07553-3
1407:978-90-04-42106-6
1361:978-0-520-04804-1
1243:
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644:Chongzhen Emperor
401:Hongguang Emperor
388:on 27 May 1644.
370:Mandate of Heaven
269:Chongzhen Emperor
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84:Shun dynasty
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109:26 February 1629
75:'s Crown Prince)
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472:Wanli Emperor
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16:
1459:11 September
1457:. Retrieved
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1416:
1396:
1389:
1379:
1351:
1317:
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1268:
1255:
683:Liu Tingchen
565:Wang Chaocai
414:
405:Prince of Lu
398:
390:
367:
354:
331:
319:
314:
294:Shun dynasty
292:founded the
287:
265:Ming dynasty
261:crown prince
254:
244:
228:
227:
15:
1486:1644 deaths
1481:1629 births
1261:Zhu Youxiao
1086:(1611–1644)
761:(1588–1615)
646:(1611–1644)
591:(1565–1611)
532:(1582–1620)
506:(1545–1614)
474:(1563–1620)
448:(1537–1572)
348:, where he
334:Juyong Pass
325:during the
55:Predecessor
1475:Categories
1289:References
374:Zhou Yanru
364:Final fate
309:regime in
290:Li Zicheng
251:Wade–Giles
246:Zhū Cílǎng
229:Zhu Cilang
115:(崇禎二年二月四日)
27:Zhu Cilang
1195:Lady Ding
382:Wu Sangui
355:The easy
279:Biography
131:(崇禎十七年五月)
65:Successor
50:1630–1644
978:Zhou Kui
735:Lady Jia
419:Ancestry
816:Lady Xu
620:Lady Ge
384:at the
315:jianguo
311:Nanjing
302:Taiyuan
263:of the
233:Chinese
140:Unknown
1431:
1404:
1358:
411:Family
378:Dorgon
253::
243::
241:pinyin
235::
217:Mother
207:Father
136:Burial
92:Tenure
47:Tenure
1247:Notes
298:Xi'an
196:House
150:Names
1461:2023
1429:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1356:ISBN
271:and
120:Died
104:Born
95:1644
296:in
237:朱慈烺
201:Zhu
31:朱慈烺
1477::
1452:.
1370:^
1350:.
1326:^
1297:^
407:.
352:.
329:.
249:;
239:;
86:)
1463:.
1437:.
1410:.
1364:.
231:(
82:(
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