Zhu Rongji - Knowledge

1431: 1057:, China was challenged with excessive investment in fixed assets, excessive monetary supply, and chaotic financial markets. Inflation rates reached over 20%. As the director of the central bank and the vice-premier and head of the State Council Economic and Trade Office, Zhu resolved these issues by limiting monetary supply, eliminating duplicate low-tech industrial projects, devaluing the Chinese currency, cutting interest rates, reforming the tax system, and investing state capital in the transportation, agricultural, and energy sectors. He attempted to reform the state banking sector by introducing greater oversight to discourage reckless lending, introducing "asset management companies" to manage the many large, non-performing loans that many of China's banks had accumulated, and privatizing large banks in order to expose them to free market competition. Following Zhu's management, the Chinese economy was able to maintain stable growth and avoid dramatic price fluctuations. Zhu's ability to stabilize the economy led to his being named to the 903: 1084:. Li and Zhu clashed in the first two years following Zhu's appointment as vice-chairman; but, by the time that he suffered a heart attack in 1993, Li had lost influence within the government and was no longer able to block many of Zhu's reforms. That Zhu's reforms had quickly gained wide support within the central government was made clear at Li's confirmation process during the Party's 1992 convention: although Li's appointment was already agreed upon by China's top leadership, Zhu received a relatively large and unusual protest vote by many of the Party delegates. Throughout Zhu's term as both vice-premier and premier, Li was successful in blocking Zhu from introducing regulation or government oversight over China's power companies, and they remained private monopolies essentially run by Li's family throughout Zhu's term of office. 3257: 888:' Industrial Economic Bureau. In 1978, he was formally rehabilitated and allowed to rejoin the CCP. During the late 1970s, Zhu's positions were relatively low-profile, but after Deng consolidated his power in the 1980s and the government became more meritocratic, Zhu was promoted to work in increasingly demanding positions. He had few connections in the army, the Party, or the bureaucracy, and was able to rise through the ranks of the government mostly through his own skills. In 1979, he was reassigned to the State Economic Commission, the successor of the State Planning Commission, where he served as vice-minister from 1983 to 1987. 1112:. Under this new policy, revenue from provinces would go first to Beijing, and then portions would be returned to the provinces. Following the introduction of this tax system, the central government's cut of total revenue increased by over 20% in a single year, balancing the central budget and putting Beijing's resources on track to reliably increase over time. In order to manage China's financial affairs he appointed himself governor of the People's Bank of China with jurisdiction over monetary policy and financial regulations, bringing the highly decentralized banking system more closely under Beijing's control. 1296:

he flew into a rage over such "son-of-a-bitch construction projects", which were not uncommon in China at the time. Referring to his efforts to fight corruption, he once said, "I will prepare 100 coffins for the corrupt, and one for me, for I will die of fatigue". Much of his efforts to increase the role of the private market in the economy, to improve legal protection for businesses, and to introduce a true commercial banking system were implicitly undertaken in the interest of reducing the kind of official corruption and waste that he uncovered through his personal investigations of government officials.

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supervision of the central bank, principally consisting of national policy banks and state-owned commercial banks, but that encompasses a variety of financial institutions" His proposed institutions included an export-import bank, a national interbank lending system, a short-term paper market, and an renminbi exchange rate mechanism based on the market rate. As researcher Zongyuan Zoe Liu writes, "The Party's contemporary economic power and financial influence are based substantially upon the institutions that Zhu envisioned in 1993, Fifteen years later, in 2008, China's

1464:, and other reforms he hoped would be addressed by the incoming administration were not implemented. Notably, state-owned enterprises were allowed to regrow and keep a critical place in the Chinese economy, and large areas of the banking sector remained unregulated. Hu may have reversed the Chinese government's previous position and promoted state-owned enterprises in an effort to promote social stability. During Wen's term of office many of the reforms Zhu proposed were opposed by conservative government ministers, notably including the former 1274:

to public selection, and by reforming the civil service's examination system. He made a strong effort to attract and promote economists and technocrats from academia and the private sector to work under him as advisors in the central government, and was successful in attracting a small core of several dozen such officials to work under and advise him. By opening mid-level appointments to outside experts, he was able to ensure that the Chinese bureaucrats who were promoted during his term as premier were generally supportive of his ideas.

6071: 1303:, which the country achieved in 2001 to domestic and international acclaim. Joining the WTO opened China to increased foreign investment, but also required it to conform to international conventions of trade, intellectual property, and environmental management. Zhu expected that China's entry into the WTO would lead to economic expansion, but also hoped that entering the WTO would force economic and legal changes within China that Zhu himself had little power to implement. 1119:(SOEs). He quarantined these bad loans in newly created "asset-management companies", and recapitalized the banks through government bonds in a restructuring strategy. After his promotion to premier in 1998, Zhu saved the biggest SOEs and allowed thousands of other small and medium-sized firms and factories to go under, assuming that new growth in the private sector could alleviate any surge of unemployment. This strategy resulted in millions of workers losing their " 1577: 1050:, and to simplify and streamline the process by which farmers sold their grain to the government. Zhu was able to enact relatively far-reaching reforms largely via the broad support of Deng Xiaoping, who noted that Zhu "has his own views, dares to make decisions, and knows economics." In comparing Zhu to his peers when considering his appointment, Deng said, "The current leadership do not know economics... Zhu Rongji is the only one who understands economics." 1270:

investigating individual examples of potential official corruption, Zhu attempted to make the Chinese government more regulated and transparent by increasing the number and powers of independent regulatory commissions, downsizing government bureaucracy, opening government positions to outside experts and reforming the government's system of hiring and promotion based on merit, and improving administrative predictability by strengthening the rule of law.

1389: 760:. Zhu had a reputation as a tough but pragmatic administrator. During his office, China's economy saw double digit growth. Zhu was also much more popular than his predecessor Li Peng among the Chinese public. However, Zhu's opponents stipulate that his tough and pragmatic stance on policy was unrealistic and unnecessary, and many of his promises were left unfulfilled. Zhu retired in 2003 and has not been a public figure since. 1563: 1456:, outlining the "outstanding difficulties and problems" which he expected his successor as premier, Wen Jiabao, would have to face. After Zhu retired, Wen attempted to continue many of the reforms that Zhu had conceived and designed, creating and increasing the powers of independent regulatory commissions and restructuring the bureaucracy on the basis of merit. Some of Zhu's reforms were reversed under the 59: 1253:(FDI) worldwide halved in 2000, the flow of capital into mainland China rose by 10%. As global firms scrambled to avoid missing the China boom, FDI in China rose by 22.6% in 2002. While global trade stagnated, growing by one percent in 2002, mainland China's trade soared by 18% in the first nine months of 2002, with exports outstripping imports. he meets South Korea President 1549: 1430: 1234:, and through funding massive infrastructure projects. During the crisis he refused to devalue the Chinese yuan, and angrily defended his decision when some international leaders suggest that he do so. Following the crisis, Zhu advocated improving international financial markets in order to prevent harmful market speculation. 973:, Zhu attributed his success resolving the protests in Shanghai to the government's approach in Beijing, stating, "All the demonstrations and riots were directed by people in Beijing, so until Beijing solved the problem Shanghai could not. The solution in Beijing made it possible to solve the Shanghai situation peacefully." 1418:, was born in 1957. He was once the president and chief executive officer of one of China's most successful investment banks, China International Capital Corp. Their daughter, Zhu Yanlai, was born in 1956. She is currently the assistant chief executive for the Bank of China (Hong Kong), and holds a seat in the 1295:

had conspired to operate a massive smuggling ring. In the resulting purge, numerous top-level Party leaders and governors were arrested and executed. On one inspection tour, after noticing that dikes had broken because funds allocated to their proper construction had been stolen by corrupt officials,

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Zhu earned a reputation as a strong, strict administrator, intolerant of corruption, nepotism, or incompetence. In Beijing he was sometimes known by the nicknames "Madman Zhu" and "Boss Zhu" for his hard, transparent work ethic and his tendency to disregard the bureaucratic status quo. In addition to

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He was successful in reducing the size of the official bureaucracy by half by the end of his term in 2003, though the bureaucracies in districts far from the capital continued to expand, leading to increased tension between some local governments and the farmers whose income supports them. His reform

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Before Zhu came to office, employment in China's bureaucracy was largely obtained via tenure and political connections. Zhu attempted to modernize the bureaucracy's seniority system and improve the government's ability to attract and retain talented workers by opening senior- and mid-level positions

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Zhu was an advocate for markets while also viewing the state's role in setting the strategic direction of markets as indispensable. Generally, he was skeptical of the efficacy of comprehensive state planning of the economy. Zhu frequently argued in favor of indirect economic instruments, for example

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afterwards, Zhu was politically rehabilitated and allowed to rejoin the CCP. He worked in the Ministry of Petroleum from 1976 to 1979, and joined the State Economic Commission, successor of the State Planning Commission, in 1979; he serves as the vice minister of the commission from 1983 to 1987. In

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in March 1998, largely due to his success in managing large macroeconomic projects. During his term Zhu continued to focus on issues related to economic development. He generally favoured stable, sustainable development supported by robust macroeconomic control measures and a tight monetary policy.

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In July 1993, at the first National Finance Work Conference, Zhu gave a speech in his capacity as governor of the People's Bank of China. Zhu explained his view of how China's financial system should be structured, stating that the state "must establish a system of financial institutions, under the

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broke out in numerous cities around China, there were also large, well-organized protests in Shanghai. Unlike the government's violent crackdown of protesters in Beijing, Zhu was able to peacefully resolve the local situation. At one point a group of protesters derailed and burnt a train, for which

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wrote that the translation of his books into English represented a significant contribution to Sino-US relations and promoted international understanding of Chinese culture and politics. One Western biography of Zhu encouraged leaders in other developing countries to study and emulate his reforms,

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in 2003, Zhu encouraged Chinese politicians to use softer language in discussing the issue of mainland China-Taiwan relations, saying that mainland China and Taiwan should improve economic, transportation, and cultural ties in order to improve their relationship. During the speech Zhu accidentally

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Although he demonstrated a desire and ability to enact large, thorough legal and economic reforms, and political reforms aimed at making the Chinese government more efficient and transparent, Zhu made it clear that he did not support dramatic political change. At a press conference during his 1990

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Early in Zhu's mayoralty, he delivered the speech, "Let Enterprises Swim by Themselves in the Markets" in which he encouraged enterprises and people to "go through the markets," stating that "everyone can form links through the markets." The speech helped establish his reputation as a proponent of

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After retiring, Zhu invested much of his time and energy into public philanthropy. In 2013 and 2014 alone he donated 40 million RMB (c.$ 6.5 million US) to charity. The donated money reportedly came from the royalties from his books, and was given to a charitable foundation promoting education in

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All these economic reform efforts by Zhu did not dismantle the state sector, but streamlined it with the goal of accomplishing Deng's new form of marketized socialism. Although many in the West were skeptical when Deng announced that he would pursue "socialism with Chinese characteristics," Zhu's

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Zhu and Deng's vision of China's future was not simply one of rapid growth. It included a programme of continuous reforms, which they believed would be necessary to achieve this growth. There were two major goals Zhu believed were necessary to achieve this vision, which Zhu began while serving as

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His wife, Lao An, once served as the vice-chairman on the board of directors of China International Engineering and Consulting. She and Zhu attended two schools together, first at the Hunan First Provincial Middle School, then at Tsinghua University. They have two children, a son and a daughter.

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Zhu's investigations into official corruption led to his discovery of numerous large-scale misdeeds by provincial officials. After discovering that 25.8 billion RMB allocated for the purchase of grain over six years had gone missing, he launched an investigation which concluding that at least 10

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During his term as premier Zhu engaged in frequent large-scale efforts to fight official corruption. At one time he was reported to have read 16,000 letters a year, sent to him by aggrieved citizens, in order to get a better understanding of the circumstances of ordinary Chinese people. He made

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It was during his time as Mayor of Shanghai that he developed a public reputation as a strong opponent of corruption, and a talented economic reformer. His efforts to simplify the process by which the government approved business deals earned him the nickname "One-Chop Zhu". In order to improve

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Among the international leaders he met and negotiated with as premier, he gained a reputation for intelligence, energy, impatience for incompetence, shrewdness, and as a person who must be respected, even among those who disliked him. Journalists noted his proficient command of English and his

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to relinquish its involvement in business interests that had been making high-ranking officers and their children rich, and later barred civil servants from taking part in business enterprises. He attempted to introduce stricter, more formal oversight to keep provincial leaders from receiving

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Zhu's premiership, especially related to free-market reforms, was controversial. Before his retirement Zhu publicly acknowledged that he had not been able to complete many of his desired reforms before his term ended. In 2003, he gave a 90-minute address to several thousand delegates in the

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In 1990, Zhu led a delegation of Chinese mayors to meet with local and national political and business leaders from the United States, attempting to maintain and improve political and business relationships. It was the first high-profile group from China to visit the United States since the

1123:" guarantees of cradle-to-grave employment, health care benefits, and pensions. Zhu challenged managers to base salaries on performance and market competitiveness and made profitability and productivity determining factors in managerial and executive promotions within surviving SOEs. 1323:. After his retirement, Zhu withdrew from any obvious involvement in Chinese politics, but he retained ties with Tsinghua University, where he continued to make numerous visits during ceremonies and special events. In 2014, he wrote a rare public letter for the 30th anniversary of 895:. He held his position as dean at Tsinghua for 17 years, throughout most of his subsequent public career. As he became increasingly able to meet and make connections with foreign academics and world leaders, he was able to promote a close academic relationship between Tsinghua and 1291:

billion RMB had been instead used to construct hotels and luxury apartments, and on speculative business investments. In one inspection tour in 2001, Zhu uncovered the largest corruption ring in modern Chinese history, discovering that many of the highest-ranking officials in

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He also became known while administering Shanghai for his strict adherence to law and Party discipline, and for his refusal to grant extrajudicial favours to those close to him. Once in 1988, when some family members asked him over dinner if he could bend China's residency

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of state-owned enterprises led to approximately 35% of their workforce, forty million workers, being laid off over five years. Zhu introduced limited reforms in China's housing system, allowing residents to own their own apartments for the first time at subsidized rates.

1327:, but was not able to attend due to poor health. In the letter, he encouraged the students at the prestigious business school to visit poor and rural areas of China, in order to better understand the conditions of most Chinese people. He appeared at the funeral of 1396:

Zhu Rongji has been recognized as a good public speaker and was notable during his career for his proficient command of English. He often made public speeches without the aid of a script, and when he did so his speeches were said to be entertaining and dramatic.

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in 2000. At its inception, the forum was a relatively intimate meeting between Chinese leaders and foreign experts. Zhu viewed the meeting as a stress test for leading officials, and encouraged policy debate and discussion with the foreign experts in attendance.

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poor rural areas. The amount of money given was considered unusual among retired Chinese politicians, leading to speculation about Chinese political culture. The donations prompted some commenters to compare his character to that of China's first premier,

854:, for which he was persecuted, demoted, disgraced, and thrown out of the Communist Party in January 1958. In the late 1950s his family was also persecuted for their pre-revolutionary status as wealthy landowners, and their family mansion was destroyed. 1107:

Zhu's first task was to regain central control over the country's burgeoning yet dangerously decentralized tax revenues. Before reforming China's tax system he went in person to each province in China to sell a new "tax sharing" idea modeled on the

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relations with the foreign business community and solicit outside advice, he formed an advisory committee composed of foreign businessmen. While working in Shanghai he began his long working relationship with subsequent CCP General Secretary

931:, which was then China's largest, most industrially developed, and wealthiest city. During Zhu's term as mayor of Shanghai he oversaw large, rapid improvements in telecommunications, urban construction, and transportation, especially in 1091:, citing their history as secret societies in resisting foreign invaders and playing a key role in Chinese history. This was interpreted by some observers as indicating a cultural connection between the triads and the Communist Party. 1205:, which favors distancing Taiwan from China, stating, "those who are pro-Taiwan independence will not have a good ending." His attitude towards Taiwan changed after the election. Three years later, in his farewell speech to the 7909: 7894: 745:

1988, he became the mayor of Shanghai, where he pursued economic reforms. He worked with Shanghai CCP secretary Jiang Zemin, who he succeeded as Shanghai CCP secretary in 1989, when Jiang was promoted to CCP general secretary.

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Zhu, along with his successor Wen, attempted to set limits on the power of local officials to levy miscellaneous service charges and fees in order to protect farmers from indiscriminate taxation by corrupt officials.

4291: 873:, a special farm for disgraced government workers and former Party members. During his five-year exile in the countryside Zhu was a manual laborer, raising pigs and cattle, carrying human waste, and planting rice. 3322: 1029:

In 1991, largely due to his success in managing the development of Shanghai, Zhu was promoted into the central government in Beijing, where he focused on planning and resolving economic projects and issues as the

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trip to the U.S., Zhu stated, "You have your system of democracy, and we have our system of democracy. But that does not mean we have nothing in common." When asked by Western journalists whether he was China's

1008:. During the visit Zhu gave unscripted speeches in Chinese and English, and was praised by American journalists, politicians, and business leaders for his frankness, openness, energy, and technical background. 1419: 637: 2555: 969:

several participants were arrested and executed, but there was otherwise little loss of life, and Zhu was able to retain significant public sympathy throughout the event. In a September 1989 meeting with

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emerged on the global financial scene as some of the world's largest institutional investors, wielding significant influence over financial markets and projecting the Party's power abroad."

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Zhu's next task was to deal with China's four colossal state-owned banks, which had accumulated billions of dollars in nonperforming loans due to profligate local lending to unprofitable

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leading to the rehabilitation of victims of the Cultural Revolution. From 1976 to 1979. he worked as an engineer in the Ministry of Petroleum Industry, and served as the director of the

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After being politically rehabilitated and reentering the civil service, Zhu resumed connections with his alma mater, Tsinghua University. In 1984, he was named the founding dean of the

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Following the violent resolution of the Tiananmen protests there was a brief struggle for control of the Chinese government within the Communist Party. Zhu was promoted to work as the

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Early in his term he began a programme of privatization that lasted throughout his period in office, during which China's private sector experienced rapid growth. He responded to the

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on October 1, 2019, 22 days before his 91st birthday. He also did not appear in the 100th anniversary of the CCP on July 1, 2021. He was absent with the former CCP general secretary

850:, he criticized Mao's economic policies, saying that they promoted "irrational high growth". His comments led to him being subsequently identified as a "rightist" in 1958 during the 4277: 2938: 7075: 6801: 3290: 1342:, a four-volume compilation of Zhu's speeches, articles, and letters, was also released in 2011. The second book was translated and published in English in 2013, under the title: 1210:

referred to China and Taiwan as "two countries" before quickly correcting himself and referring to them as "two sides". The incident was reported in Taiwanese media as a "gaffe".

2651: 7919: 7889: 792:. His father died before he was born, and his mother died when he was nine. Zhu was subsequently raised by his uncle, Zhu Xuefang, who continued to support Zhu's education. 1590: 1104:

China's vice-premier. His first goal was to rationalize and centralize the fiscal and financial system. The second goal was to streamline and strengthen the state sector.

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Later in his career, he gained a reputation as a mentor to subordinates, a habit that observers interpreted as a product of his position as an educator at Tsinghua.

7324: 2954:"Former Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji Breaks Long Silence with Letter to University: Rare Gesture from Ex-Party Leader Offers Glimpse of His Health and State of Mind" 2552: 7869: 7844: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7043: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6769: 3169: 892: 7746: 7256: 7252: 7248: 6982: 6978: 6974: 5657: 4840: 3266: 1508: 1488: 1315:

Zhu retired from his position as member of CCP Politburo Standing Committee in November 2002 and premier in March 2003 respectively, when he was replaced by

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principle and preserved a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong and compared Taiwan to Hong Kong, noting that China allows Taiwan to retain its own

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Zhu was well known for his efforts to fight official corruption, but was not able to contain official corruption in his term. Following the

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He enjoys literature, and has reportedly spent much of his retirement reading books he had no time to read while in office. He plays the

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and the director of the State Council Production Office. He also served an overlapping term as the governor of the

985: 3275: 6631: 4269: 1480:"disarming" sense of humor. By the time he retired, Zhu had become noticeably more popular than his predecessor, 936: 675: 7437: 6513: 6002: 5731: 5224: 4392: 2781: 2761: 2627: 1187: 628: 483: 1190:, and was prepared to let the leader of Taiwan become the deputy leader of China in the event of unification. 1134:

reforms helped increase China's wealth and power while leaving it under the firm grip of the Communist Party.

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at the June 1993 Dalian Conference, although he also viewed central government directives as a viable tool.

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After his persecution as a rightist, Zhu was sent to work at a remote cadre school. In 1962, following the

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in 1989. Zhu assisted Deng in regaining his prestige and authority by assisting Deng in organizing his

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Since he left office, Zhu has written and has been the subject of numerous books. Zhu's first book,

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from 1993 to 1995. His first issues after arriving in Beijing were to restructure the debts owed by

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seeking an unprecedented third consecutive term, as it would break the established party system of

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By the end of Zhu's term as premier, the Chinese economy was stable and growing confidently. While

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People's Diplomacy: How Americans and Chinese Transformed US-China Relations during the Cold War

1476:, and Zhu's views retained some influence in China's financial sector following his retirement. 7859: 6477: 5812: 5635: 4726: 4528: 4186: 2634:"What He Did, and Left Undone: The Mixed Legacy of Zhu Rongji, China's Outgoing Prime Minister" 1146: 1047: 851: 839: 804: 718: 441: 2744: 2718: 2680: 1087:

Zhu once used the term "patriotic organizations" in a speech in the mid-1990s to describe the

709:. He worked in the State Planning Commission between 1952 and 1958, and criticized CCP leader 6089: 5291: 4459: 4300: 4201: 4167: 3733: 3306: 2871: 2244: 1054: 1031: 749: 151: 102: 2614: 795:

Zhu was educated locally, and after graduation from high school he attended the prestigious

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frequent official visits outside Beijing to inspect working conditions, especially in

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suppression of the 1989 protests. Some of the officials Zhu met on the visit included

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Zhu's position on Taiwan changed over the course of his time as premier. During the

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He continued to promote investment in China's industrial and agricultural sectors.

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Born in Changsha, Hunan, Zhu became a member of the CCP in 1949, the same year the

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The most active opponent of Zhu's plans to reform the Chinese economy was Premier

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Ministry of Industries, where he was appointed the deputy head of its production

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Members of the 14th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

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Members of the 15th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

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Sovereign Funds: How the Communist Party of China Finances its Global Ambitions

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by dramatically reducing the size of the state bureaucracy, maintaining strict

1120: 869:, Zhu was purged again. From 1970 to 1975, he was sent for "re-education" to a 535: 2278: 2155: 7833: 7561: 7411: 7396: 7186: 7065: 6958: 6914: 6904: 6791: 6727: 6709: 6692: 6620: 6544: 6540: 6523: 6519: 6371: 5941: 5895: 5661: 5529: 5365: 5326: 5125: 4845: 4793: 4572: 4548: 4518: 4381: 4326: 4253: 4243: 4152: 4057: 3815: 3749: 3668: 3554: 3462: 3385: 3351: 3098: 2553:"Political Heavyweights Clash as China's Central Bank Head Said to Step Down" 2426: 993: 877: 781: 741: 248: 29: 7376: 5954: 5180: 2799: 2270: 1420:

National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

1130:

in 1994, which China had used as a parallel currency system for foreigners.

951:(then party secretary of Shanghai) which continued throughout Zhu's career. 7716: 7543: 7513: 7196: 7163: 7143: 6894: 6879: 6869: 6839: 6675: 6637: 6616: 6367: 6256: 6196: 5958: 5882: 5842: 5838: 5827: 5799: 5705: 5568: 5525: 5065: 4994: 4922: 4829: 4814: 4754: 4743: 4700: 4258: 3906: 3901: 3784: 3759: 3704: 3612: 3497: 3420: 3346: 2526: 2252: 1540: 1445: 1407: 1254: 1156: 1005: 789: 587: 521: 20: 3004: 2890:"Report:Zhu Yunlai, Son Of Former Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji, Leaves CICC" 1864: 1388: 683:; born 23 October 1928) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the 7761: 7696: 7691: 7642: 7621: 7576: 7523: 7518: 7493: 7351: 7237: 7206: 7191: 7178: 7113: 7083: 6924: 6919: 6899: 6809: 6502: 6443: 6439: 6422: 6260: 6236: 6216: 6146: 6130: 6102: 5919: 5878: 5867: 5694: 5624: 5592: 5542: 5462: 5449: 5437: 5375: 5370: 5350: 5310: 5153: 5112: 5101: 5030: 4955: 4944: 4797: 4713: 4661: 4614: 4553: 4543: 4371: 4214: 4180: 4175: 4157: 4147: 4126: 4121: 4081: 4039: 3888: 3774: 3754: 3699: 3689: 3684: 3633: 3607: 3602: 3522: 3517: 3507: 3492: 3457: 3415: 3380: 3215: 3209: 3053: 3021: 2885:. Beijing, China: Foreign Languages Press. 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2015. 1649: 1512: 1492: 1346:. By the end of 2013 over six million copies of his books had been sold. 1279: 1179: 1070: 948: 920: 699: 644: 112: 94: 2633: 2580: 2413:"Rollback of Xi Jinping's Economic Campaign Exposes Cracks in His Power" 1576: 717:

in 1957, causing him to being labeled as a "rightist" in the subsequent

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Accidental Conflict: America, China, and the Clash of False Narratives

496: 493: 490: 474: 471: 468: 7776: 7731: 7721: 7671: 7626: 7601: 7566: 7548: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7118: 6834: 6745: 6301: 5906: 5646: 5512: 5355: 5140: 4886: 4780: 4767: 4687: 4640: 4627: 4523: 4513: 4468: 4376: 4336: 4311: 4248: 4209: 3987: 3953: 3932: 3911: 3878: 3847: 3779: 3649: 3625: 3594: 3512: 3487: 3410: 3341: 3331: 3108: 1461: 1175:, he would not comment further and pointed to previous statements by 566: 184: 58: 7339: 5523:

Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense

4698:

Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense

1319:. Wen was the only Zhu ally to appear on the subsequent nine-person 923:

became Party Secretary of Shanghai, Zhu was promoted to work as the

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and compared his influence on practical economic theory to that of

1328: 1167:; iii) is he willing to visit Taiwan? Zhu answered that, regarding 1001: 981: 928: 769: 573: 357: 326: 1519:. He celebrated his 92nd birthday on October 23, 2020, during the 7406: 7093: 6909: 6819: 6135: 5720: 5672: 5399: 5381: 5279: 5026: 4862: 4825: 4657: 4576: 4447: 3958: 3873: 3852: 3789: 3641: 3617: 3562: 3502: 3472: 3428: 3395: 3221: 3136: 2734:

Mackerras, Colin, Donald Hugh McMillen, and Donal Andrew Watson.

2682:

Media in Hong Kong: Press Freedom and Political Change, 1967–2005

1516: 1481: 1081: 1039: 800: 753: 594: 224: 172: 132: 2839:

Wealth and Power: China's Long March to the Twenty-First Century

2692:. The USA and Canada: Routledge. 2007. Retrieved August 2, 2015. 1163:

on cross-strait relations; ii) whether there is a timetable for

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Pioneers of Modern China: Understanding the Inscrutable Chinese

2087:

Red Swan: How Unorthodox Policy-Making Facilitated China's Rise

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Politics in China Since 1949: Legitimizing Authoritarian Rule

1372:, Zhu voiced his opposition to current CCP General Secretary 1168: 957: 773: 602: 430: 361: 7452: 2740:. Great Britain: Routelage. 1998. Retrieved 4 November 2011. 2737:

Dictionary of the Politics of the People's Republic of China

2482:

Yanlai Zhu: Executive Profile & Biography - Businessweek

1507:

in which Wang played a major role. He did not appear in the

1406:, an instrument similar to a two-stringed violin. He enjoys 1094: 16:

Former Premier of the People's Republic of China (1998-2003)

2859:. United States of America: McFarland & Company. 2013. 1654: 1410:, and once appeared on stage as an actor in a performance. 1402: 1282:. Shortly after coming to office, in 1998, he required the 2936:"Former Chinese Premier Draws Praise for His Philanthropy" 2857:

Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China

2571:"Wen's Reforms: Following In The Footsteps Of Zhu Rongji" 578: 2663:"Zhu Rongji on the Record The Road to Reform: 1991–1997" 906:

Zhu (second left) leading the Chinese delegation at the

1287:

kickbacks from businessmen and embezzling state funds.

1065:

in 1992, after which he also retained his other posts.

2883:

Zhu Rongji on the Record: The Road to Reform 1989–2003

1900:

Living U.S.-China Relations: From Cold War to Cold War

1137:

Zhu also had an important role in reducing inflation.

893:

Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management

7920:

Secretaries of the Communist Party Shanghai Committee

4301:

First Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China

2782:"Zhu Rongji and the Chinese Mayors Delegation (1990)" 2598:"The Man Who Took on the Dissidents: Li Peng (1928–)" 1591:

History of the People's Republic of China (1989–2002)

554: 540: 526: 5852:

Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation

2652:"Zhu Rongji Merits China’s Admiration not Imitation" 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1530: 2793:

National Committee on United States-China Relations

2778:. TIME. April 12, 1999. Retrieved on June 14, 2014. 1968:

National Committee on United States-China Relations

3267:List of premiers of the People's Republic of China 1366:In March 2022, according to a report published by 1201:, Zhu warned Taiwanese voters not to vote for the 7890:People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan 5064:Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade 1727: 7831: 2848:. Beijing, China: Foreign Languages Press. 2013. 2723:. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. 2005. 2630:. December 31, 2009. Retrieved on July 14, 2015. 7840:Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China 6035:State Council of the People's Republic of China 5257:State Council of the People's Republic of China 4917:Ministry of Mechanical and Electronic Industry 4425:State Council of the People's Republic of China 3307:Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China 2000: 1998: 1996: 1301:China's entry into the World Trade Organization 914: 7870:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hunan 2931:. November 16, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2015. 2903:. September 13, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015. 2566:. September 25, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2015. 1340:Zhu Rongji's Answers to Journalists' Questions 1264: 1016:, he responded "No, I am China's Zhu Rongji". 838:office. In 1951 he became the chairman of the 7438: 7325: 7067:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party 7051: 6793:15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party 6777: 6018: 5905:State Physical Culture and Sports Commission 5240: 5135:State Physical Culture and Sports Commission 4408: 4285: 3291: 3177: 2949:. February 23, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2015. 2714:. February 22, 2003. Retrieved July 14, 2015. 2676:. September 8, 2013. Retrieved July 15, 2015. 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 821: 488: 466: 47: 2844:Schmidt, Helmut. "Foreword". In Zhu Rongji. 2703:. 17 August 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2015. 2647:. March 6, 2003. Retrieved on July 14, 2015. 2292: 2290: 2288: 1993: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1497:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 1344:Zhu Rongji on the Record: The Road to Reform 2658:. August 14, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2015. 1325:Tsinghua School of Economics and Management 7845:Premiers of the People's Republic of China 7445: 7431: 7332: 7318: 7058: 7044: 6784: 6770: 6025: 6011: 5656:Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources 5247: 5233: 4839:Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources 4415: 4401: 4292: 4278: 3298: 3284: 3193:Premiers of the People's Republic of China 3184: 3170: 2967:. April 29, 2014. Retrieved July 14, 2015. 2800:"Zhu Rongji--Premier of the State Council" 2594:. July 23, 2001. Retrieved August 5, 2015. 2530:. March 6, 2003. Retrieved August 2, 2015. 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 1977: 1975: 1934: 1932: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1213: 740:After Mao's death in 1976 and the rise of 733:, where he was sent for re-education to a 707:People's Republic of China was established 57: 5785:Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications 4993:Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications 2769:"Zhu Rongji's Year of Living Dangerously" 2661:Kissinger, Henry & Schmidt, Helmudt. 2613:Dumbaugh, Kerry & Michael F. Martin. 2397: 2395: 2393: 2285: 2149: 2091:The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press 1759: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1095:Contributions to socialist market economy 880:rose to power and subsequently initiated 816:proclaimed the People's Republic of China 7900:20th-century Chinese heads of government 6653:Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation 5484:State Commission for Restructing Economy 4932:Ministry of Aviation and Space Industry 4655:State Commission for Restructing Economy 2697:"China's Elite Economic Double Standard" 2516:"China and Taiwan `Two Countries': Zhu". 2308: 2306: 2304: 2081: 2012: 2010: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1429: 1387: 901: 763: 7850:Governors of the People's Bank of China 7341:Governors of the People's Bank of China 5877:Ministry of Radio, Film and Television 5510:State Science and Technology Commission 5111:Ministry of Radio, Film and Television 4685:State Science and Technology Commission 3029:Secretary of the CCP Shanghai Committee 2925:"Hu Hands China's Military Baton to Xi" 2320: 2318: 2208: 2206: 2187: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 1972: 1929: 1894: 1804: 1802: 1699: 1673: 1218:Zhu was chosen to become China's fifth 1182:. He claimed that China had upheld the 7832: 5704:Ministry of Machine-building Industry 2872:"Note from the Brooklings Institution" 2616:Understanding China's Political System 2390: 2231: 2229: 2227: 1938: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1743: 1392:Zhu Rongji and his wife, Lao An (1956) 861:and industrial collapse caused by the 679: 556: 306:25 April 1988 – 20 March 1991 268:1 August 1989 – 20 March 1991 204:Governor of the People's Bank of China 164:29 March 1993 – 17 March 1998 86:17 March 1998 – 16 March 2003 7915:Victims of the Anti-Rightist Campaign 7426: 7313: 7039: 6765: 6251:State Economic & Trade Commission 6006: 5228: 4396: 4273: 3279: 3165: 2746:Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2301: 2235: 2025:Mackerras, McMillen, & Watson 137 2007: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1713: 842:. From 1952 to 1958 he worked in the 256:Communist Party Secretary of Shanghai 5472:State Economic and Trade Commission 2315: 2203: 2037: 1799: 1596:Macroeconomic regulation and control 687:from 1998 to 2003 and member of the 6231:Development & Reform Commission 5730:Ministry of Metallurgical Industry 4943:Ministry of Metallurgical Industry 2846:Zhu Rongji on the Record: 1991–1997 2610:. 2001. Retrieved 21 August 2008. 2410: 2224: 2075: 1879: 1832: 1310: 1055:a global recession occurred in 1992 1019: 876:Shortly after Mao's death in 1976, 695:(CCP) from 1992 to 2002 along with 216:2 July 1993 – 30 June 1995 13: 6320:Science, Technology & Industry 2708:"The Mystery Behind Zhu's Miracle" 2356: 1811: 886:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 811:(CCP) in 1949, the same year that 152:First-ranked Vice Premier of China 14: 7931: 5719:Ministry of Electronics Industry 3672:(dismissed 1976, reinstated 1977) 3558:(dismissed 1968, reinstated 1973) 3117:Vice-Premier of the State Council 2996:collected news and commentary at 2972: 2912:. New York, NY: Routelage. 2006. 7905:21st-century Chinese politicians 6069: 5917:State Family Planning Commission 5151:State Family Planning Commission 3255: 2818:"China Needs Another Zhu Rongji" 2795:. 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2015. 2577:. 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2015. 2548:. 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015. 2535:"Entering the World: Zhu Rongji" 2533:Center on U.S.-China Relations. 1575: 1561: 1547: 1533: 1515:and former CCP Politburo member 1491:in 2012, one of Zhu's proteges, 1383: 1321:CCP Politburo Standing Committee 1299:He took the lead in negotiating 1059:CCP Politburo Standing Committee 713:'s economic policies during the 633: 2841:. New York: Random House. 2013. 2581:"Tax Reform for Farmers Hailed" 2495: 2486: 2475: 2466: 2448: 2439: 2404: 2381: 2372: 2347: 2336: 2327: 2215: 2178: 2169: 2143: 2134: 2125: 2116: 2107: 2066: 2057: 2028: 2019: 1984: 1961: 1920: 1662:from the original on 2019-07-06 1631:from the original on 2019-07-02 826:Zhu then began his career as a 752:in 1993, serving under premier 603: 579: 397: 6043:Zhu Rongji Cabinet (1998–2003) 5741:Ministry of Chemical Industry 4954:Ministry of Chemical Industry 2628:Congressional Research Service 1926:Center on U.S.-China Relations 1642: 1617: 1195:2000 ROC presidential election 1140: 671: 555: 541: 527: 489: 467: 48: 1: 4981:Ministry of Textile Industry 2920:. Retrieved on July 14, 2015. 2867:. Retrieved on July 14, 2015. 2813:. Retrieved on July 14, 2015. 2731:. Retrieved on July 14, 2015. 2154:. YouTube.com. Archived from 2152:"谈台湾问题拿林肯举例不惜一战逼克林顿声明一个中国政策" 1606: 1434:In 2001, Zhu Rongji met with 1128:Foreign Exchange Certificates 5988:Politburo Standing Committee 5210:Politburo Standing Committee 3005:Corpus of Political Speeches 2756:. St. Martin's Press. 2008. 2411:Wei, Lingling (2022-03-15). 1611: 915:Political career in Shanghai 689:Politburo Standing Committee 7: 6497:Labor & Social Security 5837:Ministry of Internal Trade 5797:Ministry of Water Resources 5682:Ministry of Power Industry 5265:Li Peng Cabinet (1993–1998) 5011:Ministry of Water Resources 4970:Ministry of Light Industry 4433:Li Peng Cabinet (1988–1993) 2837:& John Delury. (2013). 2764:. Retrieved August 8, 2015. 2140:Schell & Delury 342–343 2131:Schell & Delury 340–341 2122:Schell & Delury 337–340 1526: 1509:70th anniversary of the PRC 1495:, became the head of CCP's 1265:Anti-corruption initiatives 1228:1997 Asian financial crisis 1024: 935:, a large and high-profile 10: 7936: 7885:Tsinghua University alumni 6704:Family Planning Commission 5693:Ministry of Coal Industry 5497:State Education Commission 4672:State Education Commission 2831:. Retrieved July 14, 2015. 2507: 2460:November 23, 2010, at the 1833:Liu, Zongyuan Zoe (2023). 1625:"朱镕基90岁了致敬他不悲观涉险滩敢担当的精气神" 1489:18th CCP National Congress 1336:Zhu Rongji Meets the Press 1207:National People's Congress 1161:United States Armed Forces 1144: 822:People's Republic of China 18: 7880:Politicians from Changsha 7745: 7652: 7585: 7467: 7347: 7246: 7225: 7127: 7074: 6972: 6951: 6853: 6800: 6752: 6738: 6720: 6699: 6682: 6665: 6648: 6627: 6606: 6589: 6568: 6551: 6530: 6509: 6492: 6467: 6450: 6429: 6412: 6395: 6378: 6354: 6342:Ethnic Affairs Commission 6334: 6312: 6288: 6267: 6243: 6223: 6203: 6183: 6174: 6160: 6121: 6088: 6067: 6048: 6041: 5975: 5671:Ministry of Construction 5540:Ethnic Affairs Commission 5460:State Planning Commission 5417: 5408: 5390: 5336: 5288: 5270: 5263: 5197: 4857:Ministry of Construction 4711:Ethnic Affairs Commission 4638:State Planning Commission 4594: 4585: 4563: 4499: 4456: 4438: 4431: 4307: 4234: 4200: 4166: 4135: 4100: 4069: 4022: 3980: 3941: 3920: 3835: 3742: 3661: 3531: 3440: 3363: 3320: 3264: 3253: 3199: 3150: 3141: 3133: 3123: 3113: 3105: 3095: 3085: 3077: 3067: 3058: 3050: 3045: 3035: 3026: 3018: 3013: 1650:"老院长朱镕基：人生九十，不忘初心_清华经管学院" 1425: 1251:foreign direct investment 978:Communist Party secretary 943:economic liberalization. 908:European Management Forum 844:State Planning Commission 750:first-ranked vice premier 657: 622: 618: 614: 593: 586: 572: 565: 548: 534: 520: 513: 508: 504: 482: 460: 455: 451: 447: 437: 420: 407: 382: 371: 341: 336: 332: 320: 310: 299: 292: 282: 272: 261: 254: 242: 230: 220: 209: 202: 190: 178: 168: 157: 150: 138: 126: 100: 90: 79: 72: 68: 56: 45: 38: 6296:Science & Technology 5578:Ministry of Supervision 4753:Ministry of Supervision 3014:Party political offices 2965:South China Morning Post 2575:The Jamestown Foundation 2150:peggy shi (2018-04-03). 1945:Cornell University Press 1939:Minami, Kazushi (2024). 1904:Rowman & Littlefield 1839:Harvard University Press 1505:anti-corruption campaign 1454:Great Hall of the People 1284:People's Liberation Army 1184:one country, two systems 871:May Seventh Cadre School 848:Hundred Flowers Campaign 778:his family was descended 735:May Seventh Cadre School 715:Hundred Flowers Campaign 484:Traditional Chinese 5810:Ministry of Agriculture 5024:Ministry of Agriculture 2418:The Wall Street Journal 2387:Kissinger & Schmidt 2113:Schell & Delury 337 1837:. The Belknap Press of 1436:Japanese Prime Minister 1369:The Wall Street Journal 1239:China Development Forum 1214:Economic liberalization 1117:state-owned enterprises 1110:U.S. federal tax system 1048:state owned enterprises 809:Chinese Communist Party 768:Zhu Rongji was born in 758:China's economic policy 693:Chinese Communist Party 462:Simplified Chinese 376:Chinese Communist Party 6061:Party branch secretary 5634:Ministry of Personnel 5079:Ministry of Materials 4813:Ministry of Personnel 3089:People's Bank of China 2551:Barron, Oliver Blade. 2253:10.12987/9780300269017 1448: 1443:South Korean President 1393: 1147:Cross-Strait relations 1044:People's Bank of China 911: 852:Anti-Rightist Campaign 840:Tsinghua Student Union 805:electrical engineering 719:Anti-Rightist Campaign 411:Zhu Yanlai (daughter) 6722:Central Bank Governor 5931:Central Bank Governor 5822:Ministry of Forestry 5165:Central Bank Governor 5040:Ministry of Forestry 3892:(promoted to premier) 2743:Manthorpe, Jonathan. 2245:Yale University Press 1756:Dumbaugh and Martin 8 1433: 1391: 1378:leadership succession 1177:CCP general secretary 937:special economic zone 919:In 1988, after mayor 905: 764:Early life and career 697:CCP general secretary 648:Recorded 8 April 1999 7865:Family of Zhu Rongji 7134:surname stroke order 6860:surname stroke order 6594:Information Industry 6514:Land & Resources 6322:for National Defense 5754:Ministry of Railways 4884:Ministry of Railways 2906:Weatherley, Robert. 2853:"Zhu Rongji (1928–)" 966:large-scale protests 643:Zhu speaking at the 5865:Ministry of Culture 5091:Ministry of Culture 4872:Ministry of Energy 3323:Provisional Cabinet 3046:Government offices 2083:Heilmann, Sebastian 1627:. 23 October 2018. 1173:Chinese unification 1165:Chinese unification 1063:14th Party Congress 867:Cultural Revolution 797:Tsinghua University 731:Cultural Revolution 442:Electrical engineer 427:Tsinghua University 7875:Mayors of Shanghai 7076:Standing Committee 6802:Standing Committee 5893:Ministry of Health 5645:Ministry of Labor 5423: 5123:Ministry of Health 4824:Ministry of Labor 4600: 3921:5th Cabinet (1982) 3836:5th Cabinet (1980) 3743:5th Cabinet (1978) 2999:The New York Times 2959:2015-07-08 at the 2947:The New York Times 2941:2019-08-09 at the 2895:2016-03-04 at the 2877:2022-10-18 at the 2870:Thornton, John L. 2823:2015-07-14 at the 2805:2015-07-14 at the 2787:2016-03-04 at the 2774:2020-06-30 at the 2752:2022-10-18 at the 2688:2022-10-18 at the 2668:2015-07-15 at the 2639:2015-07-15 at the 2622:2022-10-18 at the 2603:2019-09-25 at the 2586:2016-03-04 at the 2558:2016-03-04 at the 2540:2015-07-08 at the 2521:2005-11-26 at the 2455:朱鎔基儿子朱云来中金简历简介（照片） 1847:10.2307/jj.2915805 1449: 1394: 1155:with US president 986:1992 Southern Tour 912: 863:Great Leap Forward 727:Great Leap Forward 629:Zhu Rongji's voice 378:(1949–1958; 1978–) 7827: 7826: 7553: 7454:Political leaders 7420: 7419: 7307: 7306: 7226:Alternate members 7137: 7088:General Secretary 7033: 7032: 6952:Alternate members 6944: 6863: 6814:General Secretary 6759: 6758: 6716: 6715: 6162:Secretary-General 6082: 6064: 6000: 5999: 5971: 5970: 5966: 5965: 5392:Secretary-General 5222: 5221: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5187: 4565:Secretary-General 4390: 4389: 4267: 4266: 4112: 4062: 4054: 4015: 4007: 3973: 3893: 3828: 3820: 3715: 3681: 3673: 3654: 3646: 3638: 3630: 3622: 3599: 3591: 3583: 3575: 3567: 3559: 3551: 3543: 3433: 3425: 3356: 3325: 3315: 3273: 3272: 3160: 3159: 3151:Succeeded by 3124:Succeeded by 3096:Succeeded by 3068:Succeeded by 3061:Mayor of Shanghai 3036:Succeeded by 2929:Asia Times Online 2918:978-0-415-39109-2 2881:. In Zhu Rongji. 2865:978-0-7864-3582-1 2767:McCarthy, Terry. 2717:Lee, Khoon Choy. 2712:Asia Times Online 2701:Asia Times Online 2262:978-0-300-26901-7 2237:Roach, Stephen S. 2100:978-962-996-827-4 1913:978-1-5381-8725-8 1896:Lampton, David M. 1601:Politics of China 1521:COVID-19 pandemic 1466:commerce minister 1439:Junichiro Koizumi 1331:on June 5, 2007. 1171:'s policy toward 882:political reforms 661: 660: 638: 610: 609: 515:Standard Mandarin 366:Republic of China 294:Mayor of Shanghai 7927: 7551: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7424: 7423: 7334: 7327: 7320: 7311: 7310: 7218: 7211: 7183: 7130: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7037: 7036: 6942: 6856: 6786: 6779: 6772: 6763: 6762: 6702: 6685: 6668: 6651: 6630: 6609: 6592: 6571: 6554: 6533: 6512: 6495: 6470: 6453: 6432: 6415: 6398: 6381: 6360: 6357: 6340: 6337: 6318: 6315: 6294: 6291: 6273: 6270: 6249: 6246: 6229: 6226: 6211:National Defense 6209: 6206: 6189: 6186: 6181: 6180: 6123:State Councilors 6081: 6075: 6073: 6058: 6027: 6020: 6013: 6004: 6003: 5986:: Member of the 5979:: Member of the 5950: 5947: 5929: 5926: 5915: 5912: 5904: 5901: 5891: 5888: 5876: 5873: 5863: 5860: 5851: 5848: 5836: 5833: 5821: 5818: 5808: 5805: 5795: 5792: 5784: 5781: 5771: 5768: 5752: 5749: 5740: 5737: 5729: 5726: 5718: 5715: 5703: 5700: 5692: 5689: 5681: 5678: 5670: 5667: 5655: 5652: 5644: 5641: 5633: 5630: 5620: 5617: 5607: 5604: 5588: 5585: 5577: 5574: 5564: 5561: 5551: 5548: 5538: 5535: 5521: 5518: 5508: 5505: 5495: 5492: 5482: 5479: 5471: 5468: 5458: 5455: 5447:National Defense 5445: 5442: 5433: 5430: 5420: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5338:State Councilors 5294: 5249: 5242: 5235: 5226: 5225: 5208:: Member of the 5201:: Member of the 5176: 5173: 5163: 5160: 5149: 5146: 5134: 5131: 5121: 5118: 5110: 5107: 5089: 5086: 5078: 5075: 5063: 5060: 5050: 5047: 5039: 5036: 5022: 5019: 5009: 5006: 4992: 4989: 4980: 4977: 4969: 4966: 4953: 4950: 4942: 4939: 4931: 4928: 4916: 4913: 4899: 4896: 4882: 4879: 4871: 4868: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4838: 4835: 4823: 4820: 4812: 4809: 4789: 4786: 4776: 4773: 4763: 4760: 4752: 4749: 4739: 4736: 4722: 4719: 4709: 4706: 4696: 4693: 4683: 4680: 4670: 4667: 4653: 4650: 4636: 4633: 4625:National Defense 4623: 4620: 4610: 4607: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4591: 4501:State Councilors 4462: 4417: 4410: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4363: 4294: 4287: 4280: 4271: 4270: 4110: 4060: 4052: 4013: 4005: 3971: 3891: 3826: 3818: 3713: 3680:(dismissed 1977) 3679: 3671: 3652: 3644: 3637:(dismissed 1966) 3636: 3629:(dismissed 1966) 3628: 3621:(dismissed 1967) 3620: 3597: 3590:(dismissed 1968) 3589: 3581: 3573: 3565: 3557: 3550:(dismissed 1969) 3549: 3541: 3431: 3423: 3354: 3321: 3309: 3300: 3293: 3286: 3277: 3276: 3259: 3186: 3179: 3172: 3163: 3162: 3144:Premier of China 3134:Preceded by 3106:Preceded by 3078:Preceded by 3051:Preceded by 3019:Preceded by 3011: 3010: 2798:People's Daily. 2514:AP and Reuters. 2502: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2484: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2464: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2433: 2408: 2402: 2399: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2354: 2351: 2345: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2322: 2313: 2310: 2299: 2294: 2283: 2282: 2233: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2210: 2201: 2198: 2185: 2182: 2176: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2114: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2079: 2073: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2055: 2052: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2014: 2005: 2002: 1991: 1988: 1982: 1979: 1970: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1936: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1892: 1877: 1876: 1830: 1809: 1806: 1797: 1794: 1757: 1754: 1741: 1738: 1725: 1722: 1711: 1708: 1697: 1694: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1636: 1621: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1571: 1569:Economics portal 1566: 1565: 1557: 1555:Biography portal 1552: 1551: 1550: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1311:After retirement 1237:Zhu started the 1232:capital controls 1020:Vice Premiership 971:David M. Lampton 685:premier of China 682: 673: 640: 639: 606: 605: 582: 581: 561: 560: 559: 544: 543: 530: 529: 506: 505: 500: 499: 478: 477: 401: 399: 355: 351: 349: 337:Personal details 323: 313: 304: 285: 275: 266: 245: 233: 214: 193: 181: 162: 141: 129: 105: 84: 74:Premier of China 61: 52: 51: 50: 36: 35: 7935: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7830: 7829: 7828: 7823: 7749: 7741: 7648: 7588: 7581: 7470: 7469:Party Committee 7463: 7451: 7421: 7416: 7343: 7338: 7308: 7303: 7242: 7221: 7216: 7209: 7182:(expelled 1995) 7181: 7129: 7123: 7070: 7064: 7034: 7029: 6968: 6947: 6855: 6849: 6796: 6790: 6760: 6755: 6748: 6740:Auditor-General 6734: 6712: 6700: 6695: 6683: 6678: 6666: 6661: 6649: 6644: 6628: 6623: 6611:Water Resources 6607: 6602: 6590: 6585: 6569: 6564: 6552: 6547: 6531: 6526: 6510: 6505: 6493: 6488: 6468: 6463: 6461:Xiang Huaicheng 6451: 6446: 6430: 6425: 6413: 6408: 6396: 6391: 6379: 6374: 6362:Public Security 6358: 6355: 6350: 6338: 6335: 6330: 6321: 6316: 6313: 6308: 6292: 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4067: 4066: 4064: 4063: 4055: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4016: 4008: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3821: 3813: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677:Zhang Chunqiao 3674: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3647: 3639: 3631: 3623: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3592: 3584: 3576: 3568: 3560: 3552: 3544: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3426: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3328: 3326: 3318: 3317: 3303: 3302: 3295: 3288: 3280: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3248:(2023–present) 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3189: 3188: 3181: 3174: 3166: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3149: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3115:First-ranking 3112: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3094: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3066: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3034: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3002: 2991: 2982: 2981:at China Vitae 2974: 2973:External links 2971: 2969: 2968: 2950: 2932: 2921: 2904: 2886: 2868: 2849: 2842: 2832: 2814: 2796: 2779: 2765: 2741: 2732: 2715: 2704: 2693: 2679:Lai, Carol P. 2677: 2659: 2648: 2631: 2611: 2595: 2578: 2567: 2549: 2531: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2474: 2465: 2447: 2438: 2403: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2355: 2346: 2335: 2326: 2314: 2300: 2284: 2261: 2223: 2214: 2202: 2186: 2184:AP and Reuters 2177: 2168: 2142: 2133: 2124: 2115: 2106: 2099: 2074: 2065: 2056: 2036: 2027: 2018: 2006: 1992: 1983: 1971: 1960: 1953: 1943:. Ithaca, NY: 1928: 1919: 1912: 1902:. Lanham, MD: 1878: 1855: 1810: 1798: 1796:Weatherley 180 1758: 1742: 1740:People's Daily 1726: 1712: 1698: 1672: 1641: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1572: 1558: 1544: 1528: 1525: 1474:Zhou Xiaochuan 1427: 1424: 1385: 1382: 1312: 1309: 1266: 1263: 1215: 1212: 1145:Main article: 1142: 1139: 1126:Zhu abolished 1121:iron rice bowl 1096: 1093: 1038:under Premier 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 964:In 1989, when 916: 913: 823: 820: 765: 762: 725:caused by the 659: 658: 655: 654: 642: 632: 627: 626: 625: 624: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 612: 611: 608: 607: 600: 591: 590: 584: 583: 580:Zyu1 Jung4gei1 576: 570: 569: 567:Yue: Cantonese 563: 562: 552: 546: 545: 538: 532: 531: 524: 518: 517: 511: 510: 509:Transcriptions 502: 501: 486: 480: 479: 464: 458: 457: 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 439: 435: 434: 424: 418: 417: 409: 405: 404: 393: 387: 386: 384: 380: 379: 373: 369: 368: 343: 339: 338: 334: 333: 330: 329: 324: 318: 317: 314: 308: 307: 297: 296: 290: 289: 286: 280: 279: 276: 270: 269: 259: 258: 252: 251: 246: 240: 239: 234: 228: 227: 222: 218: 217: 207: 206: 200: 199: 194: 188: 187: 182: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 155: 154: 148: 147: 142: 136: 135: 130: 124: 123: 106: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 77: 76: 70: 69: 66: 65: 62: 54: 53: 43: 42: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7932: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7860:Living people 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7789: 7786: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7651: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7562:Yu Zhengsheng 7560: 7558: 7555: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7455: 7448: 7443: 7441: 7436: 7434: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7413: 7412:Pan Gongsheng 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7397:Dai Xianglong 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7335: 7330: 7328: 7323: 7321: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7245: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7224: 7215: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7187:Jiang Chunyun 7185: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7128:Other members 7126: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7089: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7073: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7054: 7049: 7047: 7042: 7041: 7038: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6971: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6959:Zeng Qinghong 6957: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6915:Jiang Chunyun 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6905:Zhang Wannian 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6854:Other members 6852: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6794: 6787: 6782: 6780: 6775: 6773: 6768: 6767: 6764: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6728:Dai Xianglong 6725: 6723: 6719: 6711: 6710:Zhang Weiqing 6707: 6705: 6698: 6694: 6693:Zhang Wenkang 6690: 6688: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6671: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6654: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6633: 6626: 6622: 6621:Wang Shucheng 6618: 6614: 6612: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6595: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6574: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6557: 6550: 6546: 6545:Wang Guangtao 6542: 6541:Yu Zhengsheng 6538: 6536: 6529: 6525: 6524:Tian Fengshan 6521: 6520:Zhou Yongkang 6517: 6515: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6498: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6473: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6456: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6435: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6418: 6417:Civil Affairs 6411: 6407: 6403: 6401: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6384: 6377: 6373: 6372:Zhou Yongkang 6369: 6365: 6363: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6343: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6323: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6297: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6276: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6252: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6232: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6212: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6192: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6090:Vice Premiers 6087: 6080: 6072: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6040: 6036: 6028: 6023: 6021: 6016: 6014: 6009: 6008: 6005: 5992: 5989: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5977: 5974: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5953: 5943: 5942:Dai Xianglong 5939: 5935: 5932: 5921: 5918: 5908: 5897: 5896:Chen Minzhang 5894: 5884: 5880: 5869: 5866: 5855: 5844: 5840: 5829: 5825: 5814: 5811: 5801: 5798: 5788: 5777: 5774: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5744: 5733: 5722: 5711: 5707: 5696: 5685: 5674: 5663: 5662:Song Ruixiang 5659: 5648: 5637: 5626: 5623: 5613: 5610: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590:Civil Affairs 5581: 5570: 5567: 5557: 5554: 5544: 5541: 5531: 5530:Cao Gangchuan 5527: 5524: 5514: 5511: 5501: 5498: 5488: 5485: 5475: 5464: 5461: 5451: 5448: 5439: 5436: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5366:Chen Junsheng 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5327:Jiang Chunyun 5325: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5292:Vice Premiers 5287: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5262: 5258: 5250: 5245: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5231: 5230: 5227: 5214: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5183: 5182: 5179: 5169: 5166: 5155: 5152: 5142: 5138: 5127: 5126:Chen Minzhang 5124: 5114: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5082: 5071: 5067: 5056: 5053: 5043: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5015: 5014:Yang Zhenhuai 5012: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4984: 4973: 4961: 4957: 4946: 4935: 4924: 4920: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4892: 4888: 4885: 4875: 4874:Huang Yicheng 4864: 4860: 4847: 4842: 4831: 4827: 4816: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4794:Wang Bingqian 4792: 4782: 4779: 4769: 4766: 4765:Civil Affairs 4756: 4745: 4742: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4715: 4712: 4702: 4699: 4689: 4686: 4676: 4673: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4629: 4626: 4616: 4613: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4574: 4573:Chen Junsheng 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4549:Chen Junsheng 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4519:Wang Bingqian 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4460:Vice Premiers 4455: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4430: 4426: 4418: 4413: 4411: 4406: 4404: 4399: 4398: 4395: 4383: 4382:Ding Xuexiang 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4327:Deng Xiaoping 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4290: 4288: 4283: 4281: 4276: 4275: 4272: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4254:Zhang Guoqing 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4244:Ding Xuexiang 4242: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4153:Zhang Dejiang 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4109: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4059: 4058:Jiang Chunyun 4056: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4012: 4009: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3825: 3822: 3817: 3816:Wang Renzhong 3814: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3750:Deng Xiaoping 3748: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3678: 3675: 3670: 3669:Deng Xiaoping 3667: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3651: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3635: 3632: 3627: 3624: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3596: 3593: 3588: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3572: 3569: 3564: 3561: 3556: 3555:Deng Xiaoping 3553: 3548: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3463:Deng Xiaoping 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3430: 3427: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3386:Deng Xiaoping 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3353: 3352:Deng Xiaoping 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3319: 3313: 3308: 3301: 3296: 3294: 3289: 3287: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3182: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3155: 3146: 3145: 3138: 3132: 3128: 3119: 3118: 3110: 3104: 3100: 3099:Dai Xianglong 3091: 3090: 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3595:Li Fuchun 3513:Lu Dingyi 3488:Li Fuchun 3411:Li Fuchun 3342:Guo Moruo 3332:Dong Biwu 3109:Yao Yilin 2674:Brookings 2427:0099-9660 1873:259402050 1612:Citations 1462:Hu Jintao 1280:the south 1261:in 2001. 1014:Gorbachev 302:In office 264:In office 212:In office 185:Yao Yilin 160:In office 91:President 82:In office 7782:Xie Xide 7707:Huang Ju 7587:Congress 7572:Li Qiang 7552:(acting) 7539:Huang Ju 7458:Shanghai 7357:Cao Juru 7214:Huang Ju 7099:Qiao Shi 6930:Huang Ju 6556:Railways 6348:Li Dezhu 6076:Premier 5556:Tao Siju 5052:Commerce 4731:Tao Siju 4361:(acting) 4352:Huang Ju 4322:Lin Biao 4317:Chen Yun 4108:Huang Ju 3969:Qiao Shi 3843:Yu Qiuli 3824:Chen Yun 3770:Yu Qiuli 3734:Sun Jian 3724:Yu Qiuli 3547:Chen Yun 3539:Lin Biao 3453:Lin Biao 3448:Chen Yun 3376:Lin Biao 3371:Chen Yun 3337:Chen Yun 3246:Li Qiang 3071:Huang Ju 2957:Archived 2939:Archived 2893:Archived 2875:Archived 2821:Archived 2803:Archived 2785:Archived 2772:Archived 2750:Archived 2686:Archived 2666:Archived 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