754:"a man of outstanding singles of purpose and courage. Personally attractive, religious without being fanatical or obscurantist...appointed prime minister with full powers by Ahmad Shah on the 1st of March 1921 and affected numerous arrests. His reforms were too radical for the country and the time, and he fell from power in June....It is no exaggeration to say that rallied the Anti-Tudeh forces in Persian and thus made it possible to resist intensive Soviet Pressure when it came. Alone among Persians he has never allowed personal or even party interest to interfere with his policy. By his uncompromising resistance to Russian encroachments he became the symbol of Persia's will to resist....He is both honest and energetic -- a very rare combination in Persia....The comparative lack of success of his party was due reconcil his progressive ideas with the conservation of many of his followers. Has something of a mystic in him."
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affairs. The Qajars were constantly seeking help and advice from the
British. Reza Khan too, along with many high ranking politicians, were immensely pro-British, at least initially. Part of the intention behind this was to protect Iran against the Russian expansionist policies of that time. Zia insisted that friendship was different from servitude. He argued that fear was the sole motive for this politically costly decision to become a friend of the British. "I was a friend of the British," he declared, "because being their friend, you only pay a price...but being their enemy guarantees your destruction. All my life I have paid the price for this friendship, but as a rational man, I was never ready to be destroyed".
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itself—from ordering new rules of hygiene for stores that handled foodstuffs to bringing street lights to the city's notoriously dark roads. He talked of land reform, making him one of the early champions of the idea in modern Iran. He talked of making education available to every
Iranian. His political reform program envisaged that the entire legal system of Iran should be modernized and aligned with European standards. He set up a reform commission headed by Iranian intellectual,
471:. Zia's newspapers usually consisted of blistering attacks on prominent politicians of the Qajar monarchy, which caused them to be closed several times. The first time, the ostensible reason given for the closure was that he was only nineteen and the law required an editor to be at least thirty. After the last two closures, he left for Europe and spent fourteen months primarily in France. By the time he returned, Iran was, in spite of declared neutrality, occupied by
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closing shops on
Fridays and on religious holidays, angered merchants. It was also not long before the families of those arrested organized a political campaign against Zia, calling his administration "the black cabinet", which resulted in constant unrest. Zia informed the families that the arrested would be released if they paid four million
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However, the necessary funds were simply not available to stimulate the economy or to invest in infrastructure. The abolition of the rights of surrender for the
British and Russians also made no headway. Moreover, some of his decisions such as ordering a ban on alcohol, bars, and casinos, as well as,
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took place only hours before his dismissal and days before his exile. He had always been defiantly oblivious to the court's solemnities and the rules of etiquette for a royal audience. He was even known to have spent one whole meeting sitting on a windowsill, as the king had refused to put chairs in
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Zia's political tendencies were perceived to be pro-British by many
Iranians. However, unlike many Iranian politicians who had covert foreign relations, Zia was quite open and never denied being "a friend of the British". In fact, the British at the time were already very much entangled in Iranian
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Within hours of taking power, the new government immediately declared a new order, which included, "all the residents of the city of Tehran must keep quiet. . . . The state of siege is established . . . all newspapers and prints will be stopped . . . public meetings in the houses and in different
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Zia declared that his cabinet's program included far-reaching measures such as the "formation of an army...eventual abolition of the capitulations...establishment of friendly ties with the Soviet Union." At the same time, he tried to implement a truly impressive number of changes in the capital
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to cover his travel expenses—by no measure a large sum—and left the country. All political prisoners were released on May 24. Although the reign of Seyyed Zia lasted only 93 days, this short period marked the beginning of an important period in the contemporary history of Iran, the rise of the
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made his famous speech about "seizing power" in the name of the proletariat. This impacted his perception of politics, and made him a persistent advocate of the policy of rapprochement with the big northern neighbor. In 1919, the
Iranian government, headed at the time by
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to Iraq and India to collect donations. However, they were unsuccessful in attaining enough funds, and therefore were not able to establish the university. Zia then settled on becoming a farmer in
Palestine. He developed a special affinity for
87:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
681:, where he continued his carpet business. After about seventeen years of nomadic life in Europe, he went to Palestine and spent the next six years there. In December 1931, he was elected Secretary General of the
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Zia gave a fierce speech in parliament against the corrupt political class that tenaciously defended its privileges from the pre-parliamentary period which had brought Persia to the brink of ruin. The emperor,
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was an influential cleric. When Zia was twelve he went to Tehran, and at fifteen, he moved back to Shiraz in the company of his grandmother, who was said to be a woman of unusual erudition and independence.
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University). Accordingly, the university would have three faculties, one for theology and
Islamic law, one for medicine and pharmacy, and one for engineering. In order to make this work, Zia traveled with
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and became notorious for his belief that it was the panacea for everything. He even developed a veritable alfalfa cookbook. Among his contributions to
Iranian agriculture was the introduction of
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There was nothing short of hubris in Zia's behavior. With every passing day, the rank of his enemies swelled and his days in office seemed numbered. Foremost among his enemies was the
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places are stopped . . . all shops where wines and spirits are sold, as well as theaters, cinemas and clubs, where gambling goes on, must be closed." Zia and
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811:"سید ضیاء الدین طباطبایی نفر دوم کودتای «1299» ؛ از تولد در خانواده ای روحانی تا تحت الحمایگی انگلیس و سفر به روسیه و دیدار با لنین ! | روزشمار"
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the room. That day, he walked into the king's office, a cigarette dangling from the corner of his mouth, and continued to walk around as he talked.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Despite his opponents being mainly Qajar supporters and aristocrats, Zia had the support of many
Iranians including intellectuals such as
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His life of exile ended in 1943 when he was encouraged to return to Iran. In Iran, Zia was elected as the governor of
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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was incensed and practically threw Zia out of the office; hours later he arranged for his dismissal.
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rule, which was in domestic turmoil and under foreign intervention. He subsequently became the 13th
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Zia spent the next few years traveling throughout Europe. For a while he sold Persian carpets in
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Eminent Persians : the men and women who made modern Iran, 1941-1979 : in two volumes
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when Zia was two years old. He spent most of his early years in Tabriz, where his father,
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The famous "Leading Personalities" files of the British Foreign Office described Zia as:
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offered him any sum he deemed necessary from the treasury. Zia took twenty-five thousand
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forces. Zia decided to resume his journalism, this time focusing on his famous newspaper
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in Jerusalem. In this role, he developed plans to establish an Islamic University (the
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1061:"Leading Personalities in Persia". PRO, FO 371/62035, E 5601/1688/34, 33–34. 1947.
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Seyyed Zia, Tabataba'i (October 1990). "Interview with Dr. Sadrealdin Elahi".
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Sometime after his death, the ownership of Zia's house was transferred to
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was shut down by the authorities, he started two other newspapers called
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in June 1889. He was one of four children. His father took the family to
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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In 1917, Zia was commissioned by the government to make a trip to
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Zia died on 29 August 1969 at the age of 80 of a heart attack in
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Reported his arrival at the head of a fourteen-man delegation
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asked Zia on May 23, 1921, to resign and leave the country.
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Coup d'état of 1921. Zia (center left), Reza Khan (far left)
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By the age of sixteen he started his first newspaper called
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970:(1st ed.). Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press.
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on February 22, 1921 (3 Esfand 1299) with the help of
1016:"Islam Assembled: The Advent of the Muslim Congresses"
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Reid, Donald Malcolm; Kramer, Martin (December 1986).
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in arrears in taxes, to which the families refused.
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a machine-translated version of the German article.
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506:. It is even claimed that Zia was present when
105:accompanying your translation by providing an
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54:expand this article with text translated from
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940:Dr. Katouzian, Homayoun (February 29, 2016).
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388:; June 1889 – 29 August 1969) was an Iranian
117:{{Translated|de|Seyyed Zia al Din Tabatabai}}
455:(Thunder) at the age of twenty-three. After
451:"Voice of Islam", followed by the newspaper
942:"The Coup d'etat on 22nd of February, 1921"
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191:Learn how and when to remove this message
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154:This article includes a list of general
240:21 February 1921 – 4 June 1921
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467:(Lightning), and became active in the
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1003:(38, PRO, FO 248/6402). March 1921.
523:Rise to Power and Subsequent Events
502:, where he witnessed firsthand the
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378:Seyyed Zia al-Din Tabataba'i Yazdi
160:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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517:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
115:You may also add the template
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840:An Emigre Paper Called "Jong"
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747:Seyyed Zia in Tehran, c. 1950
625:After consulting Ahmad Shah,
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431:Zia was born in the city of
280:Member of Parliament of Iran
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441:Seyyed Ali Tabataba'i Yazdi
386:سید ضیاءالدین طباطبایی یزدی
32:Tabatabaei (disambiguation)
27:14th Prime Minister of Iran
10:
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1627:Interim Government of Iran
580:Zia Tabataba'i, circa 1921
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1001:Foreign Countries Report
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413:Prime Minister of Persia
405:1921 Persian coup d'état
2167:Prime ministers of Iran
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770:. He was buried at the
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548:, who later became the
540:Zia came to power in a
326:Sublime State of Persia
175:more precise citations.
126:For more guidance, see
2172:Politics of Qajar Iran
1681:Post abolished in 1989
1127:Prime Minister of Iran
1074:Cite journal requires
964:Milani, Abbas (2008).
908:. St. Martin's Press.
904:Milani, Abbas (2014).
772:Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine
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228:Prime Minister of Iran
866:10.5040/9780755612079
856:Ghani, Cyrus (1998).
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128:Knowledge:Translation
99:copyright attribution
2192:People of Qajar Iran
1363:Fathollah Khan Akbar
1120:Fathollah Khan Akbar
1105:at Wikimedia Commons
1103:Zia'eddin Tabatabaee
504:Bolshevik Revolution
463:(East), followed by
407:and aimed to reform
261:Fathollah Khan Akbar
207:Zia'eddin Tabataba'i
30:For other uses, see
1160:National Will Party
893:. December 5, 1919.
710:Late Zia Tabataba'i
669:; then he moved to
1348:Samsam al-Saltaneh
1288:Samsam al-Saltaneh
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889:"Near East News".
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52:You can help
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19:
2050:(Since 1999)
2046:City Council
1951:City Council
1785:Soor-Esrafil
1775:Buzarjomehri
1680:
1671:Mahdavi Kani
1653:(since 1979)
1607:Sharif-Emami
1577:Sharif-Emami
1408:Pahlavi Iran
1367:
1318:Farman Farma
1167:
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1067:cite journal
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839:
819:. Retrieved
815:the original
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718:
701:strawberries
664:
643:Aref Qazvini
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449:Nedaye Islam
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337:(1969-08-29)
297:Constituency
287:
268:Succeeded by
235:
187:
178:
159:
103:edit summary
94:
61:
53:
2157:1969 deaths
2152:1889 births
2079:Ahmadinejad
2069:Malekmadani
2044:Elected by
1986:(1979–1999)
1974:Shahrestani
1964:Shahrestani
1955:(1968–1979)
1949:Elected by
1815:Golshaeeyan
1755:Alam-Edoleh
1746:(1908–1968)
1412:(1925–1979)
1228:(1907–1925)
1137:Ahmad Qavam
1026:(5): 1246.
787:Evin Prison
739:Personality
729:Ahmad Qavam
552:of Persia.
542:coup d'état
273:Ahmad Qavam
256:Preceded by
173:introducing
2146:Categories
2030:Tabatabaei
1983:Appointed
1900:Zolfaghari
1855:Khalatbari
1840:Dolatabadi
1835:Khalatbari
1830:Mashayekhi
1770:Tabatabaee
1743:Appointed
1368:Tabatabaee
1323:Tonekaboni
1283:Tonekaboni
1273:Tonekaboni
1224:Qajar Iran
1164:1943–1946
999:"Persia".
821:2022-06-02
797:References
620:Ahmad Shah
615:Ahmad Shah
419:Early life
397:politician
390:journalist
156:references
2035:Karbaschi
2005:Nikravesh
1885:Montasser
1780:Hooshmand
1602:Amouzegar
1592:H. Mansur
1557:Mosaddegh
1547:Mosaddegh
1526:A. Mansur
1451:A. Mansur
1398:Reza Khan
1040:0002-8762
986:225870858
924:892938723
631:Reza Khan
627:Reza Khan
609:himself.
566:Reza Khan
528:1921 Coup
401:Reza Shah
319:June 1889
288:In office
236:In office
226:14th
181:July 2011
121:talk page
58:in German
2089:Ghalibaf
2084:Saeedlou
2020:Bonakdar
2000:Zavare'i
1995:Tavasoli
1925:Shademan
1765:Monaghah
1639:Bazargan
1617:Bakhtiar
1456:Foroughi
1436:Foroughi
1426:Mostowfi
1420:Foroughi
1388:Mostowfi
1343:Mostowfi
1313:Mostowfi
1298:Mostowfi
1278:Mostowfi
906:The Shah
679:Montreux
601:Downfall
572:Policies
415:(Iran).
97:provide
2114:Hanachi
2109:Afshani
2104:Makarem
2074:Moghimi
2064:Haghani
2015:Seyfian
1935:Saffari
1890:Davaloo
1880:Ebtehaj
1875:Saffari
1825:Nariman
1820:Ebtehaj
1810:Bahrami
1800:Sajjadi
1790:Foruzan
1692:*Acting
1676:Mousavi
1666:Bahonar
1597:Hoveyda
1531:Razmara
1471:Soheili
1461:Soheili
1431:Hedayat
1048:1864501
697:alfalfa
687:Al-Aqsa
481:Ottoman
477:British
473:Russian
382:Persian
245:Monarch
169:improve
119:to the
101:in the
60:.
2134:Acting
2124:Zakani
2099:Najafi
2094:Salimi
2059:Alviri
2025:Habibi
2010:Deljoo
1969:Nikpey
1940:Pirooz
1930:Sarlak
1920:Tavana
1915:Nafisi
1905:Forood
1860:Mehran
1850:Namdar
1845:Mehran
1736:Tehran
1732:Mayors
1631:(1979)
1612:Azhari
1572:Eghbal
1562:Zahedi
1536:Fahimi
1516:Hazhir
1511:Hakimi
1506:Hekmat
1496:Hakimi
1486:Hakimi
1393:Pirnia
1378:Pirnia
1358:Pirnia
1353:Vosugh
1328:Vosugh
1303:Pirnia
1242:Atabak
1236:Afkham
1168:Vacant
1150:Vacant
1046:
1038:
984:
974:
922:
912:
872:
768:Tehran
671:Geneva
667:Berlin
479:, and
461:Shargh
437:Tabriz
433:Shiraz
342:Tehran
322:Shiraz
158:, but
2119:Javid
1895:Maham
1865:Amini
1760:Hodud
1661:Rajai
1582:Amini
1552:Qavam
1521:Sa'ed
1501:Qavam
1481:Bayat
1476:Sa'ed
1466:Qavam
1383:Qavam
1373:Qavam
1131:1921
1044:JSTOR
783:SAVAK
762:Death
661:Exile
635:toman
595:toman
508:Lenin
485:Ra'ad
465:Bargh
457:Ra'ad
453:Ra'ad
409:Qajar
81:DeepL
1910:Nasr
1870:Nasr
1587:Alam
1567:Ala'
1542:Ala'
1491:Sadr
1441:Djam
1214:list
1080:help
1036:ISSN
982:OCLC
972:ISBN
920:OCLC
910:ISBN
870:ISBN
725:shah
721:Yazd
645:and
607:king
550:Shah
392:and
332:Died
316:Born
301:Yazd
95:must
93:You
74:View
1795:Ram
1734:of
1028:doi
862:doi
776:Ray
774:in
83:or
2148::
1071::
1069:}}
1065:{{
1042:.
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1024:91
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950:^
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519:.
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384::
344:,
324:,
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1717:t
1710:v
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1238:*
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842:.
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380:(
194:)
188:(
183:)
179:(
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34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
