Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

2274: 1472:, and PNA participated fully in those elections. They managed to contest the elections jointly even though there were grave splits on opinions and views within the party. The PNA faced defeat but did not accept the results, alleging that the election was rigged. On 11 March, the alliance called a nationwide strike followed by vicious demonstrations demanding fresh elections. Around 200 people were killed in the encounters between protestors and security forces. They proceeded to boycott the provincial elections. Despite this, there was a high voter turnout in the national elections; however, as provincial elections were held amidst low voter turnout and an opposition boycott, the PNA viewed Bhutto's government as illegitimate. 8157:

the condition that they would first be groomed properly. The motive for then dictator Gen. Zia ul Haq and the military establishment was simple: to counter the Pakistan People's Party and the politics of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. They needed somebody from Punjab, as Bhutto was even more popular in Punjab than in Sindh. One of Nawaz Sharif's close aides once told me about his entry into politics and how his father agreed. "Mian Sharif was a non-political businessman, but he became anti-Bhutto after his industries were nationalised along with other businesses by Bhutto. Somehow, General Jillani convinced the elder Sharif that his factories would be returned and that he could also protect his business through politics," he stated.

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first two years on office had badly upsets the Business circles.... An ill-considered decision to take over the wheat-milling, rice-husking, sugar mills, and cotton-gaining, industries in July of 1976 had angered the small business owners and traders. Both leftists—socialists and communists, intellectuals, students, and trade unionists—felt betrayed by Bhutto's shift to centre-right wing conservative economics policies and by his growing collaboration with powerful feudal lords, Pakistan's traditional power brokers. After 1976, Bhutto's aggressive authoritarian personal style and often high-handed way of dealing with political rivals, dissidents, and opponents had also alienated many....

1889: 3839: 1093: 3818: 1544:") transpired in the small hours of 5 July 1977. Before the announcement of any agreement, Bhutto and members of his cabinet were arrested by troops of the Military Police under the order of Zia. Bhutto tried to call Zia but all telephone lines were disconnected. When Zia spoke to him later, he reportedly told Bhutto that he was sorry that he had been forced to perform such an "unpleasant task". Zia and his military government portrayed the coup as a "spontaneous response to a difficult situation", but his response was a complete contradiction. Soon after the coup, Zia told the British journalist 4215: 3862: 4184: 3878: 4167: 2398:. Following this invasion, Zia chaired a meeting and was asked by several cabinet members to refrain from interfering in the war, owing to the vastly superior military power of the USSR. Zia, however, was ideologically opposed to the idea of communism taking over a neighbouring country, supported by the fear of Soviet advancement into Pakistan, particularly Balochistan, in search of warm waters, and made no secret about his intentions of monetarily and militarily aiding the Afghan resistance (the Mujahidin) with major assistance from the United States. 10456: 3855: 3832: 4264: 3899: 3680:, an American academic specializing in international affairs and geopolitics, wrote that "in many ways, the Afghan war was Zia’s war", in the sense that Zia pushed the Americans, initially reluctant and even skeptical, to participate in the proxy war against the Soviets, Riedel also arguing that "Zia ul-Haq was not only a pivotal figure in the history of his country and the war in Afghanistan, he was also a pivotal figure in the final stage of the Cold War, which had dominated global politics for almost half a century." 13335: 3800: 13786: 3576: 4201: 3869: 3561: 67: 581: 735: 3825: 3807: 4326: 14839: 13727: 9966: 13955: 4298: 9978: 4246: 3892: 10350: 3269: 4232: 3885: 3393: 2231:

6.8%—the highest in the world at that time—thanks in large part to remittances from the overseas workers, rather than government policy. The first year of Zia's government coincided with a dramatic rise in remittances, which totalled $ 3.2 billion/year for most of the 1980s, accounted for 10 percent of Pakistans's GDP; 45 percent of its current account receipts, and 40 percent of total foreign exchange earnings.

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teachers, children against their parents, landlord against tenants, workers against mill owners. because Pakistanis have been made to believe that one can earn without working. ... We are going back to Islam not by choice but by the force of circumstances. It is not I or my government that is imposing Islam. It was what 99 percent of people wanted; the street violence against Bhutto reflected the people's desire ...

4340: 2742:(HEU) above a 5% level. However, the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Vernon Walter, confronted Zia on his secret trip to Pakistan in October 1981. Confronted with the evidence, Zia acknowledged that the information "must be true," but then denied everything, leading Walters to conclude that: "either Zia "did not know the facts" or was the "most superb and patriotic liar I have ever met...". 3848: 5403:, pp. 38, 40: "In the first week of October 1977, the General abruptly postponed the election ... Perhaps now some political leaders sensed that the General's game was different ... Many people now believe that the General had his plan ready when he took over the reins of government, and had been astutely following the plan when he announced the postponement of the elections." 3602:"There will not be another Zia in South Asia. He was unique and multidimensional like all complex characters of South Asian history. I admire Zia's guts, though not his methods, especially in regards to Islam. He successfully took on nuclear India and changed the balance of power that Indira Gandhi created in the 1971 war and broke all rules to acquire nuclear weapons for Pakistan." 3098:. The onus of providing proof in a rape case rests with the woman herself. Uncorroborated testimony by women was inadmissible in hudood crimes. If the victim/accuser was unable to prove her allegation, bringing the case to court was considered equivalent to a confession of sexual intercourse outside of lawful marriage. Despite this, the ordinance remained in force until the 4312: 2687:, Zia had notified General Shamim that the Indian Air Force had plans to infiltrate Pakistan's nuclear energy project, citing solid evidence. Shamim felt that the Air Force was unable to divert such attacks, therefore, he advised Zia to use diplomacy through Munir Ahmad Khan to divert the attacks. At Vienna, Munir Ahmad Khan met with Indian physicist 2603:", in both his personal and professional life. He virtually had PAEC and KRL separated from each other and made critical administrative decisions rather than putting scientists in charge of the aspects of the atomic programs. His actions spurred innovation in the atomic bomb project and an intense secrecy and security culture permeated PAEC and KRL. 3634:. His reign also helped the conservatives to rise at the national politics against Benazir Bhutto. He is also noted as being one of Pakistan's most successful generals, placing the armed forces in charge of the country's affairs. During his regime, western styles in hair, clothing, and music flooded the country. The 1980s gave birth to 2293:, was an ardent supporter of Zia's military regime and a close ally of Pakistan's conservative-leaning ruling military establishment. The Reagan administration declared Zia's regime as the "front line" ally of the United States in the fight against the threat of Communism. American legislators and senior officials most notable were 5907:... the period of rapid economic growth during the 1980s also dampened threats to Zia's power, although it was based more on the bounty of remittances from overseas' workers than on economic policies. ... per capita income by 34% but the economy also benefited in this period from overseas remittances of $ 25 billion. 1769:, Zia hated Bhutto and had used inappropriate language and insults to describe Bhutto and his colleagues. The Supreme Court ruled four to three in favour of execution. The High Court had given him the death sentence on charges of the murder of the father of Ahmed Raza Kasuri, a dissident PPP politician. Despite many 6667:–17: "... Zia rewarded the only political party to offer him consistent support, Jamaat-e-Islami. Tens of thousands of Jamaat activists and sympathizers were given jobs in the judiciary, the civil service, and other state institutions. These appointments meant Zia's Islamic agenda lived on long after he died. 2577:

and Akbar guided Zia on key matters of nuclear science and atomic bomb production. He became the first engineering officer to have acknowledge Zia about the success of this energy project into a fully matured program. On the recommendation of Akbar, Zia approved the appointment of Munir Ahmad Khan as

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Zia's parliament and his military government reflect the idea of "military-bureaucratic technocracy" (MBT) where professionals, engineers, and high-profile military officers were initially part of his military government. His antipathy for the politicians led the promotion of bureaucratic-technocracy

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The objection was over-ruled by the Chief Justice Anwarul Haq, and the case of Bhutto was again heard by the Chief Justice Anwar-ul-Haq as the bench's lead judge, and presided the whole case of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto while forcing the martial law throughout Pakistan. Shortly, after Zia's return, another

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first, elections later". Zia's policy severely tainted his credibility as many saw the broken promise as malicious. Another motive was that Zia widely suspected that once out of power the size of the Pakistan Peoples Party rallies would swell and better performance in elections was possible. This led

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In the summer of 1976, General Zia, who had superseded seven senior lieutenant-generals, told Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: "Sir, I am so grateful to you for appointing me Chief of Army Staff. Not only myself, but may future generations will be eternally grateful to you for singling me out for

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It is said by some that Zia-Junejo rift was encouraged by late Mahboob-ul-Haq and Junejo's insistence on signing Geneva pact without deciding the composition of next government of Afghanistan before Soviet withdrawal. Junejo also gave Benazir a seat next to him in parleys before that. Junejo did not

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Under Zia, the order for women to cover their heads while in public was implemented in public schools, colleges, and state television. Women's participation in sports and the performing arts was severely restricted. Following Sharia law, women's legal testimony was given half the weight of a man's,

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says that Zia " changed Pakistan from a Sufi-dominated state to a Salafi-dominated state", estimating that if 70% of mosques were Sufis due to Zia they're now at 55%, and in the Army, this change has been even more radical, as he estimates that military mosques went from 90% Sufi in the 70s to now

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Even though Zia had removed the Bhutto sentiment in the nuclear energy project, Zia did not completely disband Bhutto's policy on nuclear weapons. After the retirement of Zahid Ali Akbar, Zia transferred control of the nuclear weapons program to Bhutto's close aide Munir Ahmad Khan, Chairman of the

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and on multiple occasions Zia broke his words and promises concerning the nature of the country's atomic bomb project. On nuclear policy issues, Zia deliberately misguided the United States and concealed classified information from the outside world. The United States trusted Zia's sincerity and his

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Unlike Bhutto, who faced rogue criticism and a heated diplomatic war with the United States throughout the 1970s, Zia took different diplomatic approaches to counter the international pressure. From 1979 to 1983, the country was made a subject of attack by international organization for not signing

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During Bhutto's five years in Pakistan's helm, Bhutto had retained an emotional hold on the poor masses who had voted him overwhelmingly in 1970s general elections. At the same time, however, Bhutto had many enemies. The socialist economics and nationalization of major private industries during his

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s" to the president to dissolve the Parliament. However, this amendment considerably reduced the power he'd previously granted himself to dissolve the legislature, at least on paper. The text of the amendment permitted Zia to dissolve the Parliament only if the government had been toppled by a vote

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Sharif's family was apolitical and his father, the late Mian Mohammad Sharif, had initially turned down a request from General Zia ul Haq through General Jillani. He declined to join politics himself but later agreed to hand over his two sons, Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif and Mian Shehbaz Sharif, on

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The dramatic rise in remittances coincided with the first year of the Zia government and is considered the most significant economic development during his era. These remittances totaling $ 3.2 billion per year for most of the 1980s, were substantial, particular in relation to the size of the

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The basis of Pakistan was Islam. ... Muslims of the subcontinent are a separate culture. It was on the Two-Nation Theory that this part was carved out of the Subcontinent as Pakistan... Mr. Bhutto's way of flourishing in this Society was by eroding its moral fiber. ... by pitching students against

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to deal with the authorities whose co-operation was required. Akbar consolidated the entire project by placing the scientific research under military control, setting boundaries and goals. Akbar proved to be an extremely capable officer in the matters of science and technology when he aggressively

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In general Zia gave economic development and policy a fairly low priority (aside from Islamization) and delegating its management to technocrats such as Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Aftab Qazi and Vaseem Jaffrey. However, between 1977 and 1986, the country experienced an average annual growth in the GNP of

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as Chief of Naval Staff in 1979. On Zia's recommendation, President Illahi appointed Admiral Mohammad Shariff as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, hence making the Admiral the highest-ranking officer and principal military adviser overlooking all of the inter-services, including the Chiefs of

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against Bhutto had been necessitated by the prospect of a civil war that Bhutto had been planning, by distributing weapons to his supporters. However, Arif strongly rejected Zia's remarks on Bhutto, and citing no evidence that weapons were found or recovered at any of the party's election offices,

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had solid information. Therefore, Arif met with Bhutto on an emergency basis, stressing and urging Bhutto to "rush negotiations with the opposition". By Arif's and independent expert's accounts, the talks had not broken down even though the coup was very much in the offing. Zia further argued that

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The socialist orientation had greatly alarmed the capitalist forces in Pakistan and alarmed the United States who feared the loss of Pakistan as an ally in the cold war. Many of Pakistan's political scientists and historians widely suspected that the riots and coup against Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was

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as Chief of Air Staff and following President's resignation, Zia appointed Shamim as the Deputy Chief Martial Law Administrator. In the matters of serious national security, General Zia had taken the chief of air staff and chief of naval staff in confidence after he discussed the matters with the

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to assess Syria's military capabilities. The Pakistani commander reported back to Hussein, recommending the deployment of a RJAF squadron to the region. Zia-ul-Haq then went on to plan the Jordanian offensive against the Palestinians and commanded an armoured division against them. O'Connell also

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had not been abrogated, but temporarily suspended. Zia did not trust the civilian institutions and legislators to ensure the country's integrity and sovereignty therefore, in October 1977, he announced the postponement of the electoral plan and decided to start an accountability process for the

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How much of Zia's motivation came from piety and how much from political calculation is disputed. One author points out that Zia was conspicuously silent on the dispute between the heterodox Zikri and the 'Ulama in Balochistan where he needed stability. Secular and leftist forces accused Zia of

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The rise of the illicit drug trade and its spread through Pakistan to the rest of the world increased tremendously during the Soviet-Afghan war. Afghanistan's drug industry began to take off after the Soviet invasion in 1979. Desperate for cash with which to buy weapons, various elements in the

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which also wanted to pursue their nuclear ambitions for a variety of reasons. In 2004, Abdul Khan's dismissal from the nuclear weapons program was considered a face saving exercise by the Pakistan Armed Forces and political establishment under the then Chief of Army Staff and President General

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blast had irreversibly weakened Zia. Junejo was committed to make an investigation into the Ojhri camp disaster. This couldn't be digested by President as it would expose the involvement of ISI and Zia co- fellow Generals. After defeat of Soviet army, America wanted to audit the ammunition and

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widely suspected the United States' involvement in bringing down the Bhutto's government, and publicly accused the United States' Government after attending the trial. On the other hand, the United States refused any involvement in Bhutto's fall, and argued that it was Bhutto who had alienated

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was held on 19 December 1984 with the option being to elect or reject the General as the future President, the wording of the referendum making a vote against Zia appear to be a vote against Islam. According to official figures 97.8% of votes were cast in favour of Zia, however only 20% of the

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A board of inquiry was set up to investigate the crash. It concluded 'the most probable cause of the crash was a criminal act of sabotage perpetrated in the aircraft'. It also suggested that poisonous gases were released which incapacitated the passengers and crew, which would explain why no

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was arrested during the coup but released shortly afterwards. Upon his release, Bhutto travelled the country amid adulatory crowds of PPP supporters. On 3 September 1977, he was arrested again by the Army on charges of authorising the murder of a political opponent in March 1974. The trial

1745:. The judgement tightened the general's hold on the government. When Bhutto appeared personally to argue his appeal in the supreme court, he almost affirmed his concurrence with the judges present for not letting off a judgement without imposing some conditions on ruling military government. 1684:

also contacted the several right-wing Islamists and conservatives, promising an election, with PNA power-sharing the government with Zia. Zia successfully divided and separated the secular forces from right-wing Islamists and conservatives, and later purged each member of the secular front.

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on 20 September 1977. After Justice Yaqub Ali's removal, Bhutto objected to the inclusion of the new Chief Justice, Sheikh Anwar-ul-Haq, as a chief justice of the Bench on the grounds that by accepting the office of acting president during the absence of Zia-ul-Haq from the country, he had

1926:; his tenure too saw civil disorder amid student riots. By contrast, third martial law administrator appointment of Lieutenant-General Ghulam Jilani Khan to the Punjab Province made much headway in beautifying Lahore extending infrastructure, and muting political opposition. The ascent of 3205:. They received funding from Zakat councils and provided free religious training, room, and board to impoverished Pakistanis. The schools, which banned televisions and radios, have been criticized by authors for stoking sectarian hatred both between Muslim sects and against non-Muslims. 3254:

During his tenure, he oversaw the passing of an ordinance for the welfare of people with disabilities. The ordinance is called "The Disabled Persons (Employment and Rehabilitation) Ordinance, 1981" and it was passed into law on 29 December 1981. It provides measures for the employment,

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the military junta did not prosecute Bhutto on the charge of planning civil war. After deposing Prime Minister Bhutto on 5 July 1977, Zia-ul-Haq declared martial law, and appointed himself Chief Martial Law Administrator, which he remained until becoming president on 16 September 1978.

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the elections but election results showed that many victors belonged to one party or the other. Critics complained that ethnic and sectarian mobilisation filled the void left by banning political parties (or making elections "non-partisan"), to the detriment of national integration.

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This was a time when the wily General Ziaul-Haq was reigning supreme ... Even though the country, at the time was covered by a ... façade of strict conservatism and ... moralistic pretense,... Ironically, it ... also propelled the gradual expansion of the country's urban middle and

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I am the only man who took this decision and I did so on 1700 Hrs on 4 July after hearing the press statement which indicated that the talks between Mr. Bhutto and the opposition had broken down. Had an agreement been reached between them, I would certainly never had done what I

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missiles supplied to Pakistan for mujahidin, most of which has been stored by Pakistan for future targets against India or other enemies. So Zia planned this event in a very cruel manner, having sacrificed the lives of people of Pakistan for fulfillment of their own agenda.

2791:. Zia's nuclear proliferation policy had a deep impact on the world, especially anti-western states, most nominally North Korea and Iran. In the 2000s (decade), North Korea would soon follow the same suit after it was targeted by the international community for its on-going 2198:

Before handing over the power to the new government and lifting the martial law, Zia got the new legislature to retroactively accept all of Zia's actions of the past eight years, including his coup of 1977. He also managed to get several amendments passed, most notably the

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for disobeying GHQ orders by commanding a Jordanian armoured division against the Palestinians, as part of actions during Black September in which thousands were killed. It was Gul Hasan who interceded for Zia after which Army Chief General Yahya Khan let Zia off the hook.

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earlier in 1986, and had announced that she would be contesting the elections. With Bhutto's popularity somewhat growing, and a decrease in international aid following the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, Zia was in an increasingly difficult political situation.

2595:. Lieutenant-General Zahid Akbar went to GHQ and notified Zia about the success of this test. The PAEC responded by conducting several cold-tests throughout the 1980s, a policy also continued by Benazir Bhutto in the 1990s. According to the reference in the book, " 6122:

before being murdered, then hanged. As Americans, we must ask ourselves this: Is it possible that a rational military leader under the circumstances in Pakistan could have overthrown a constitutional government, without at least the tacit approval of the United

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to hold talks with Pakistan on nuclear issues and directed a high delegation to Pakistan where both countries pledged not to assist or attack each other's facilities. In 1985, following the induction of the F-16 Falcons and A-5 Fantons, Shamim commissioned the

3152:, the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) and the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) were amended through ordinances in 1980, 1982, and 1986. The 1980 law prohibited derogatory remarks against Islamic personages and carried a three-year prison sentence. In 1982 the small 3082:

being met. In practice, the Hudd requirement—four Muslim men of good repute testifying as witnesses to the crime—was seldom met. As of 2014, no offenders have been stoned or had limbs amputated by the Pakistani judicial system. To be found guilty of theft,

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My sole aim is to organize free and fair elections which would be held in October this year. Soon after the polls, power will be transferred to the elected representatives of the people. I give a solemn assurance that I will not deviate from this schedule.

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Staff of the respected forces. In 1979, the Chiefs of Army, Navy, and the Air Force, including the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff validated the coup as constitutional and legal under the war-torn circumstances, pledging their support to Zia as well.

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Zia established "Sharia Benches" in each High Court (later the Federal Sharia Court) to judge legal cases using the teachings of the Quran and the Sunna, and to align Pakistan's legal statutes with Islamic doctrine. Zia bolstered the influence of the

2939:. In Zia's view, socialist economics and a secular-socialist orientation served only to upset Pakistan's natural order and weaken its moral fiber. General Zia defended his policies in an interview in 1979 given to British journalist Ian Stephens: 3132:

In 1981 interest payments were replaced by "profit and loss" accounts (though profit was thought to be simply interest by another name). Textbooks were overhauled to remove un-Islamic material, and un-Islamic books were removed from libraries.

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began facing considerable criticism and increasing unpopularity as his term progressed; the democratic socialist's alliance who had previously allied with Bhutto began to diminish as time progressed. Initially targeting leader of the opposition

2762:) to aid their own nuclear ambitions, to divert international attention which was difficult. In 1981, Zia contracted with China when he sent weapon-grade uranium to China and also built the centrifuge laboratory which increasingly enhanced the 5438:"What is a constitution? It is a booklet with twelve or ten pages. I can tear them away and say that tomorrow we shall live under a different system. Today, the people will follow wherever I lead. All the politicians including the once mighty 3451:, the Senate chairman, announced Zia's death on radio and TV. Conditions surrounding his death have given rise to many conspiracy theories. There is speculation that the Soviet Union (in retaliation for Pakistani support of the mujahidin in 2888:

In 1977, before the coup, the drinking and selling of wine by Muslims, along with nightclubs, and horse racing was banned by Prime Minister Bhutto to stem the tide of street Islamization. Zia went much further, committing himself to enforce

2455:. Zia took his hand and assured him, "General Secretary, believe me, Pakistan wants nothing but very good relations with the Soviet Union". According to Gromyko, Zia's sincerity convinced them, but Zia's actions didn't live up to his words. 5579:: "Zia ul-Haq is often identified as the person most responsible for turning Pakistan into a global center for political Islam. Undoubtedly, Zia went farthest in defining Pakistan as an Islamic state, and he nurtured the jihadist ideology." 2353:

and had built a bridge that allowed Soviet Union to be involved in Pakistan, and had access through Pakistan's warm water port; something that the United States was unable to gain access since the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. Former

1116:, and Anwar-ul-Haq (born 1960) and his daughters, Zain (born 1972), a special needs child, Rubina Saleem, who is married to a Pakistani banker and has been living in the United States since 1980, and Quratulain Zia who currently lives in 5858:

Partyless elections encouraged sectarian and ethnic mobilisation to the detriment of national integration. C. Rakisits points out that '.... Ethnic identification has increasingly replaced the Pakistan 'nation' as a symbol of emotional

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After Bhutto's execution, momentum to hold elections began to mount both internationally and within Pakistan. But before handing over power to elected representatives, Zia-ul-Haq attempted to secure his position as the head of state. A

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Many Islamists have pointed out that while the Quran makes no mention of elections, parliaments, etc., the Quran did urge Muhammad – the first ruler of Muslims, and the one who Muslim should emulate – to consult his companions. (see

2321:, and General Herbert M. Wassom, had been long associated with the Zia military regime where they had made frequent trips to Pakistan advising on expanding the idea of establishment in the political circle of Pakistan. Nominally, the 2009:

respected chiefs of Staff. Zia's appointment in inter-services were highly crucial for his military government and pre-emptive measure to ensure the continuous loyalty of Navy and Air Force to himself and his new military government.

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claims that he worked with Zia and the CIA to channel Soviet weapons that Israel captured from the PLO in Lebanon to fighters in Afghanistan. Wilson claims that Zia remarked to him: "Just don't put any stars of David on the boxes".

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Both Admiral Sharif and General Arif handled the matters efficiently if the matters were out of control by Zia. In 1979, Zia influenced the Navy's Promotion Board several times after he succeeded first in the appointment of Admiral

9969: 1491:. However, a compromise agreement between Bhutto and opposition was ultimately reported. Zia planned the Coup d'état carefully, as he knew Bhutto had integral intelligence in the Pakistan Armed Forces, and many officers, including 2549:, an engineering officer, had little role in the atomic project; Zia responded by taking over the program under military control and disbanded the civilian directorate when he ordered the arrest of Hassan. This whole giant 1667:

politicians. On television, Zia strongly defended his decision for postponing the elections and demanded that "scrutiny of political leaders who had engaged in malpractice in the past". Thus, the PNA adopted its policy of "

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to request for postponement of elections by the right-wing Islamists as well as left-wing socialists, formerly allied with Bhutto, which displaced Bhutto in the first place. Zia dispatched an intelligence unit, known as

3653:, credited with preventing wider Soviet incursions into the region as well as economic prosperity, but decried for weakening democratic institutions, passing laws encouraging religious intolerance, and depreciating the 3430:

lost contact with the aircraft. Witnesses who saw the plane in the air afterward claim it was flying erratically, then nosedived and exploded on impact. In addition to Zia, 29 others died in the plane crash, including

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Although ostensibly only holding office until free elections could be held, General Zia, like the previous military governments, disapproved of the lack of discipline and orderliness that often accompanies multiparty

3474:. Nearly one million mourners joined in chants of "Zia ul-Haq, you will live as long as the sun and moon remain above." His remains were laid to rest in a 4-by-10-foot (1.2 by 3.0 m) dirt grave in front of the 1819:

of Pakistan was one of the earliest and major steps were taken out by the military government under General Zia-ul-Haq. Zia had recognised the fact that since, Bhutto had good equations with the governments of the

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Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. Soon, Zia promoted Khan as the technical director of the entire program as well as appointing Khan as his Science Adviser. With the support of handpicked civilian Prime Minister

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were strained, Khan was warned of serious consequences. This policy envisaged that this would deflect international pressure onto these countries, and Pakistan would be spared the international community's wrath.

1961:. Law and order deterioration was worse after he appointed Mr. Junejo as Prime minister in 1985. The government did not locate evidence of Zia having a relationship in the heroin trade, but has been considered. 4281: 3064:

For theft or robbery, the PPC punishments of imprisonment fine, or both, were replaced by amputation of the right hand of the offender for theft, and amputation of the right hand and left foot for robbery. For

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On 29 May 1988, Zia dissolved the National Assembly and removed the Prime Minister under article 58(2)b of the amended Constitution. Apart from many other reasons, Prime Minister Junejo's decision to sign the

1284:'s lobbying at the Army GHQ which also saved then Brigadier Zia-ul-Haq from being terminated. Brigadier Zia had been recommended to be court-martialled by Major-General Nawazish in his submission to President 1699:

It is reported by senior officers that when Zia met federal secretaries for the first time as leader of the country after martial law, he said that "He does not possess the charisma of Bhutto, personality of

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Pakistan which was created in the name of Islam will continue to survive only if it sticks to Islam. That is why I consider the introduction of Islamic system as an essential prerequisite for the country.

1876:; he was too part of the bench who retained the death sentence of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto even though Bhutto was not declared guilty of the murder of the political opponent. In 1979, when Zia departed for 3672:, who worked with Zia during the 1980s against the Soviets, described Zia in the following words: "He was a very steady and smart person with a geo-strategic mind, particularly after the invasion by 2628:, drew a five-point proposal as a practical rejoinder to world pressure on Pakistan to sign the NPT; the points including the renouncing of the use of nuclear weapons. He also escalated Pakistan's 2959:

The ... horrors of 1971 war ... are (still) alive and vivid in the hearts and the minds of people of ...Therefore, General Zia insanely ... used Islam ... to ensure the survival of his regime....

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The hanging of an elected prime minister by a military dictator was condemned by the international community and by lawyers and jurists across Pakistan. Bhutto's trial was highly controversial.

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As time passed, the legislature wanted to have more freedom and power and by the beginning of 1988, rumours about the differences between Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo and Zia were rife.

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the scientific director of the atomic bomb project, as Zia was convinced by Akbar that civilian scientists under Munir Khan's directorship were at their best to counter international pressure.

1461:) and Balochistan intensified as civil liberties remained suspended, and an estimated 100,000 troops deployed there were accused of abusing human rights and killing large numbers of civilians. 1256:

Brigadier Zia was stationed in Jordan from 1967 to 1970 as the head of a Pakistani training mission to Jordan. Zia-ul-Haq became involved on the Jordanian side of the military conflict against

6867:. ... Significantly standing aside from the issue, Zia lent credence to critics' claim that his call for Islamisation was just a cover for his undemocratic regime rather than a genuine desire. 7381:

lower-middle-classes. And it is the youth cultures that emerged from these classes that launched the first shots of the kind of pop culture, scene, and music we now call modern Pakistani pop.

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The General worked to give himself the power to dismiss the Prime Minister dissolve the National Assembly, appoint provincial governors and the chief of the armed forces. His prime minister

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were to be nominated by the President and possessed only the power to consult with him, and in reality served only to endorse decisions already taken by the government. Most members of the

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strengthen the Islamization drive and rather weakened it. His era led to serious disturbances in Karachi and ultimately Karachi went into the secular control of MQM from Jamaat-e-Islami.

1903:

The Zia regime largely made use of installing high-profile military generals to carte blanche provincial administration under martial law. Zia's Guides Cavalry comrade Lieutenant-General

6863:

The need for stability in the strategic region of Balochistan during the Afghan war led Zia to distance himself from the sectarian conflict between the heterodox Zikri community and the

2405:

offered $ 400 million aid package to Pakistan; Zia ridiculed the offer as "peanuts". Zia ultimately succeeded in winning an increased aid of $ 3.2 billion provided by Carter's successor

2040:. After completing his term, and despite Zia's insistence to accept an extension as President, Chaudhry resigned, and Zia took the office of President of Pakistan on 16 September 1978. 11837: 5470:"I hate anybody projecting as a leader ... if you want to serve the Islamic Ummah and Humanity, do it as a humble person. Amongst Muslims we are all Muslim brothers ... not leaders... 2458:

Zia reversed many of Bhutto's foreign policy initiatives by first establishing stronger links with the United States, Japan, and the Western world. Zia broken off relations with the

15871: 6635:

Lodi, Lieutenant General Safdar F.S. (May 1998). "Pakistan's Missile Technology". Head of Integrated Missile Research and Development Programme (IMRDP). Defence Journal of Pakistan.

2599:", Zia was so deeply convinced of the infiltration of Western and American moles and spies into the project, that he extended his role in the atomic bomb, which reflected extreme " 15916: 10029: 2424:

advocated for a covert operation in Afghanistan by arming Islamic Extremists. After this meeting, Zia authorised this operation under General Rahman, and it was later merged with

1475:

Soon, all the opposition leaders called for the overthrow of Bhutto's regime. Political and civil disorder intensified, which led to more unrest. On 21 April 1977, Bhutto imposed

7768: 15941: 3553:. Zia and his doctrine are widely credited with making political Islam an influential movement within Pakistan, turning a relatively secular country into one that was based on 1369:

military officers in order to overthrow him, and this is also the reason why he let Zia push for more Islam in the armed forces. Thus Bhutto let him change the army's motto to

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and at the end of 1981 set up the majlis, which was to act as a sort of board of advisors to the President and assist with the process of Islamization. The 350 members of the

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The hybridization of Pakistan's penal code with Islamic laws was difficult because of the difference in the underlying logic of the two legal systems. PPC was kingly law,

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was heavily favoured by President Zia-ul-Haq to direct the authoritarianism in the nationalised industries. One of his well-known and earliest initiatives were aimed to

1430:

for alleged secessionist activities and culminating in the banning of the party and arrest of much of its leadership after the death of a close lieutenant of Bhutto's,

2104:

which was seen a strong weapon of countering the politicians and their political strongholds. Senior statesman and technocrats were included physicist-turned diplomat

7400: 5019: 5765: 15866: 9689: 7485: 14656: 9038: 9028: 6778: 6110:"I do not believe in conspiracy theories in general, but the similarities in the staging of riots in Chile (where the CIA allegedly helped overthrow President 2691:

and notified him that such an attack would provoke a nuclear war between the two countries. In the meantime, Shamim decided to start the program to acquire the

15966: 2809:, which resulted in them sabotaging the Syrian nuclear program as well as the deaths of 10 senior North Korean scientists who were aiding the nuclear program. 2537:, who was heading the civilian committee that supervised the construction of the facilities and laboratories. This atomic bomb project had no boundaries with 15087: 12023: 9699: 9348: 2545:

leading their efforts separately and reported to Bhutto and his science adviser Dr. Hassan who had little interest in the atomic bomb project. Major-General

1860:

compromised his impartial status. Bhutto also stated that the Chief Justice in his public statements had been critical of his government in the recent past.

1836:. Still, it was a formidable array of sovereigns, presidents and prime ministers and the PPP can be forgiven for making a massive political miscalculations. 766: 5973: 3037:

One of his first and most controversial measures to Islamize Pakistani society was the replacement of parts of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) with the 1979 "

1934:

was largely due to General Jilani's sponsorship. Perhaps most crucially, final and fourth martial law administrator appointment was then-Lieutenant-General

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Even after his death, Zia-ul-Haq remained a highly polarizing and widely discussed figure in the country's intellectual and political circles. Out of the

2977:, with the revenue to be used for poverty relief. Zakat committees were established to oversee the distribution of the funds. The measure was opposed by 14801: 13588: 9249: 1777:

Bhutto's death sentence, Zia dismissed the appeals and upheld the death sentence. On 4 April 1979, Bhutto was hanged, after the Supreme Court upheld the

1339: 6448: 5134: 3094:

More worrisome for human rights and women's rights advocates, lawyers, and politicians was the incarceration of thousands of rape victims on charges of

3071:(extramarital sex) the provisions relating to adultery were replaced by the Ordinance with punishments of 100 lashes for those unmarried offenders, and 1334:, and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. But, Bhutto chose the most junior, superseding seven more senior lieutenant-generals. However, the senior most at that time, 15956: 11502: 9306: 2851: 2258:. No actions towards privatising the industries were ordered by President Zia; only three steel mill industries were returned to its previous owners. 1131:, also playing a major role in the country becoming a nuclear power, while post-retirement he turned to active politics, long been associated with the 7327: 2451:

met with Zia there. Andropov expressed indignation over Pakistan's support of the Afghan resistance against the Soviet Union and its satellite state,

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in Pakistan received state sponsorship for the first time, under General Zia-ul-Haq's administration, their number grew from 893 to 2,801. Most were

1812: 8926:

Ayub, Muhammad (2005). An Army, its Role and Rule: A History of the Pakistan Army from Independence to Kargil 1947–1999. Pittsburgh: RoseDog Books.

2782:, as Chief of Army Staff, encouraged Abdul Qadeer Khan and gave him a free hand to work with some like-minded nations such as North Korea, Iran and 2565:

By the time, Zia assumed control, the research facilities became fully functional and 90% of the work on atom bomb project was completed. Both the

1855:

was forcefully removed from the office after the latter agreed to re-hear the petition filed at the supreme court by the peoples party's chairwoman

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Soon after the coup, the clandestine nuclear energy project was no longer a secret to the outside world. Part of his strategy was the promotion of

2200: 2165: 2155: 2142: 936: 685: 670: 15931: 6118:, with U.S. approval, if not more, by Zia. Bhutto was falsely accused and subjected to brutality for months during proceedings that corrupted the 4557: 3348:

against the wishes of Zia, and his open declarations of removing any military personnel found responsible for an explosion at a munitions dump at

14499: 13324: 11001: 10015: 4368: 1825: 690: 5484:"It is either his neck or mine! ... I have not convicted him or his friend , and if they hold him guilty, my God, I am not going to let him off! 4915: 3375:

after the dismissal of Junejo government. He said that he would hold elections within the next 90 days. The late Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's daughter

1964:

Zia benefited from the extremely capable martial law administrators who previously had worked with the military governments of former president

1741:) that, given the dangerously unstable political situation of the time, Zia's overthrowing of the Bhutto government was legal on the grounds of 13243: 10752: 10561: 9328: 6245: 2841: 8170: 6588: 14873: 13940: 8245: 3041:." (Hudood meaning limits or restrictions, as in limits of acceptable behavior in Islamic law.) The Ordinance added new criminal offenses of 2803:

in the 1990s. The North Korean connection to the Syrian nuclear program was exposed in 2007 by Israel in its successful strategic operation,

2616:(NPT); Zia deftly neutralized international pressure by tagging Pakistan's nuclear weapons program to the nuclear designs of the neighboring 2530: 1758:

proceedings began 24 October 1977 and lasted five months. On 18 March 1978, Bhutto was declared guilty of murder and was sentenced to death.

8334: 6114:) and in Pakistan are just too close, Bhutto was removed from power in Pakistan by force on 5 July, after the usual party on the 4th at the 4637: 15951: 15901: 14479: 13830: 13386: 13233: 7285: 7255: 2225: 9728: 13207: 12094: 6377: 2792: 2417: 2210:

of no confidence and it was obvious that no one could form a government or the government could not function in a constitutional manner.

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economy. They accounted for 10 percent of GDP; 45 percent of current account receipts, and 40 percent of total foreign exchange earnings

2219: 14580: 14514: 13197: 9264: 8666:

Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of How the Wildest Man in Congress and a Rogue CIA Agent Changed the History of Our Times

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program which was founded by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in 1972. During the first stages, the program was under the control of Bhutto and the

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that Zia and the Saudi government had built as a symbol of Pakistani-Saudi friendship. Also in attendance was his successor President

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It was under Zia and the economic prosperity of his era that the country's urban middle and lower-middle-classes expanded and Western

2709:- a counter operation that thwarted the Israeli Air Force attempt to sabotage Pakistan's nuclear energy project—forced Indian Premier 15876: 14418: 13868: 13527: 13429: 13286: 9791: 6089: 3009: 759: 7055: 6478: 6302: 3482:, chiefs of staff of armed forces, chairman joint chiefs, and other high military and civil officials. Former US Secretary of State 3227:, the national television network ceased playing music videos and only patriotic songs were broadcast. New taxes were levied on the 3156:

religious minority were prohibited from saying or implying they were Muslims. In 1986 declaring anything implying disrespect to the

2273: 1422:(NAP), also a socialist party. Despite the ideological similarity of the two parties, the clash of egos both inside and outside the 1248:

As a young soldier, Zia preferred prayers when "drinking, gambling, dancing and music were the way officers spent their free time."

15804: 14601: 14037: 13927: 13886: 13447: 13238: 11271: 10118: 9106: 8283: 4894: 3432: 2871:

anti-Communist resistance turned to the drug trade. This was tolerated if not condoned by their American sponsors such as the CIA.

2645: 2629: 2526: 1985: 1939: 1614: 888: 15946: 15861: 15856: 14560: 14464: 12674: 11318: 8147: 3598:. He is also praised for defeating the Soviets. Indian journalist Kallol Bhattacherjee, an author of a book on Afghanistan, said: 2363: 1911:. Lieutenant-General Fazle Haque was considered a strong vocal General and a strong man. General Haque was the commander of the 7187: 5626: 4715: 1449:'s father led to public outrage and intra-party hostility as Bhutto was accused of masterminding the crime. PPP leaders such as 15233: 15134: 15129: 14811: 14796: 14220: 13696: 13167: 11439: 7876: 7469: 5920: 5069: 2836:

in 1985. Zia also took initiatives to launch the space projects as spin-off to nuclear project. Zia appointed nuclear engineer

2715: 2337:

as the primary line of his military government, forcefully enforcing the Islamic and other religious practices in the country.

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Hussain, Mir Zohair (2016). "Islam in Pakistan under Bhutto and Zia-ul-Haq". In Mutalib, Hussin; Hashmi, Taj ul-Islam (eds.).

5414: 1621:

remained neutral, while he silently expressed his support to Prime Minister Zulfikar Bhutto. In 1978, Zia pressured President

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Cutting Edge PAF: A Former Air Chief's Reminiscences of a Developing Air Force§ Critical Years: Intelligence and Deception

223: 15926: 15770: 15488: 15260: 15150: 14529: 14302: 14032: 13317: 13202: 11609: 10742: 9099: 7695: 7082: 5762: 2180: 1264:. Zia had been stationed in Amman for three years prior to Black September. During the events, according to CIA official 983: 846: 10851: 10779: 2973:

was implemented in 1980. The measure called for a 2.5% annual deduction from personal bank accounts on the first day of

1392:

to his officers as prizes during various competitions, despite the strong ideological antagonism between Bhutto and the

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Historians and political scientists widely discussed and studied his policy making skills, some authors noting him as "

2510: 1988:. Both were noted by Western governments as highly capable and had wide experience from the military government of the 1931: 1230: 944: 791: 137: 13752: 7993: 6567: 4793: 2004:, also chief of naval staff, in 1983. On his request, then-President Fazal Illahi approved the appointment of General 15683: 14866: 14565: 14524: 13914: 13896: 12376: 11939: 11209: 11150: 9902: 9506: 8931: 8917: 8898: 8871: 8757: 8714: 8624: 8581: 8559: 8509: 8422: 8401: 7822: 7603: 7570: 7230: 6788: 6725: 6693: 6014:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001

5930: 5696: 5027: 4925: 3592:, Zia-ul-Haq's legacy remains a most toxic, enduring, and tamper-proof legacy, according to the editorial written in 3530: 3316: 2566: 2554: 2480: 2467: 2302: 2018: 1701: 1688:

A Disqualification Tribunal was formed, and several individuals who had been members of parliament were charged with

1516: 1426:

became increasingly fierce, starting with the Federal government's decision to oust the NAP provincial government in

880: 665: 622: 10947: 3687:(2010), the executive powers General Zia had legislated were permanently removed from the Constitution of Pakistan. 3298: 3242:

wear and hairstyle spread in popularity, and rock music bands gained momentum, according to leftist cultural critic

3109:

punishments were imposed, the due process, witnesses, law of evidence, and prosecution system remained Anglo-Saxon.

2989:

raised strong opposition, and in April 1981, the government made an exemption allowing Shia to file for exemptions.

15921: 14982: 14215: 14205: 14145: 13614: 13609: 12079: 12074: 11569: 11532: 11261: 10707: 10238: 9843: 9239: 9187: 7640:

The Faisal Mosque is named after the late Saudi Arabian king Faisal, and was partially constructed with Saudi funds

4274: 2613: 2558: 2330: 1523: 11757: 11619: 11303: 2969:

How much success Zia had using state-sponsored Islamization to strengthen national cohesion is also disputed. The

2926:

party were appointed to government posts to ensure the continuation of his agenda after his passing. Conservative

2553:

was transferred into the administrative hands of Major-General Akbar who was soon made the Lieutenant-General and

1915:, and commanding-general officer of the Army elements responsible for fighting a secret war against Soviet Union. 1584:

contradicted Zia's statement when Arif noted that the coup had already been planned, and the senior leadership of

15906: 14428: 14181: 13760: 13522: 13462: 13439: 12799: 12180: 12109: 12009: 11887: 11659: 11649: 11236: 10623: 10316: 9301: 9286: 6034:

ghost wars the secret history of the cia afghanistan and bin laden from the soviet invasion to september 10 2001.

3372: 3224: 2176: 2169: 2159: 1643: 1598: 1469: 1343: 1074: 1035: 948: 928: 675: 396: 296: 11574: 11461: 11449: 7937: 3091:

standards—where the punishment was flogging and/or imprisonment—was common, and there have been many floggings.

15896: 15393: 15029: 14239: 13891: 13856: 13572: 13452: 13417: 13310: 12230: 11999: 11579: 11481: 11214: 10658: 10653: 9156: 9141: 8986: 8780: 6683: 5527: 5135:"Militarism and the State Pakistan: Military Intervention by Eqbal Ahmed (Le Monde Diplomatique, October 1977)" 4771: 4373: 4208: 4053: 3737: 3294: 2726: 2573:(KRL) had built the extensive research infrastructure started by Bhutto. Akbar's office was shifted to Army's 2562:

led the development of nuclear weapons under Munir Ahmad Khan and Abdul Qadeer Khan in a matter of five years.

2355: 2262: 1977: 1821: 1577: 904: 854: 514: 11899: 11629: 11140: 10912: 5559:: "In his first speech to the nation, Zia pledged the government would work to create a true Islamic society." 3668:

Zia is credited with stopping an expected Soviet invasion of Pakistan. Former Saudi intelligence chief Prince

2242:

program was completed. The socialist orientation and nationalisation program was slowly reversed; the idea of

2072:." He preferred a "presidential" form of government and a system of decision making by technical experts, or " 1089:, graduating in May 1945 among the last group of officers to be commissioned before the independence of India. 15448: 15387: 15073: 14959: 14570: 14377: 14176: 13730: 13457: 13177: 12192: 12145: 11909: 11832: 11564: 9856: 9212: 5138: 3618:". However, his most remembered and enduring legacy was his indirect involvement and military strategies, by 2759: 2730: 2684: 2349:

because United States growing fear of Bhutto's socialist policies which were seen as sympathetic towards the

1606: 1492: 1423: 1307:

at Multan in 1975. On 1 March 1976, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto approved then-three star rank general

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signal was given. There was also speculation into other facts involving the details of the investigation. A

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Zia's tenure saw the influx of heroin, sophisticated weaponry, and countless refugees in from neighbouring

1717: 1265: 916: 866: 787: 711: 331: 9244: 1357:

argues that Bhutto chose Zia ahead of many senior officers for ethnic and caste reasons, thinking that an

782:(12 August 1924 – 17 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer who served as the sixth 15886: 15698: 15578: 15478: 15062: 15019: 14649: 14519: 14292: 14210: 14047: 14042: 13738: 13517: 13182: 12654: 12649: 12366: 12044: 11772: 11517: 11476: 11420: 11323: 11204: 11162: 11067: 10592: 10546: 9827: 9781: 9567: 9269: 8028: 4160: 4094: 4081: 4075: 3750: 3467:(black box) was not located after the crash even though previous C-130 aircraft did have them installed. 2429: 2342: 2239: 1908: 725: 31: 7670: 6897:

The state-sponsored process of Islamisation dramatically increased sectarian divisions not only between

3757:

The oppressive regime of Zia-ul-Haq and the execution of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was referenced in the book

1888: 15846: 15453: 15277: 15249: 15228: 15119: 14994: 14977: 14555: 14150: 14052: 13818: 13542: 13374: 13019: 12240: 12225: 12215: 12069: 11669: 11157: 10960: 10727: 10191: 9643: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9535: 3719: 3099: 2935:

Islamization was a sharp change from Bhutto's original philosophical rationale captured in the slogan,

2729:

the atomic bomb programs. This policy of nuclear ambiguity was adopted after witnessing the success of

2570: 1829: 1504: 1465: 1238: 1200: 1136: 1132: 719: 547: 542: 17: 3718:(1988–1989), it is implied that Zia's death was orchestrated by the same intelligence agency that ran 1642:

After assuming power as Chief Martial Law Administrator, Zia shortly appeared on national television,

15703: 15558: 15493: 15067: 15009: 14999: 14987: 14413: 14312: 14264: 14079: 13651: 13567: 13248: 13124: 13069: 12889: 11877: 11584: 11145: 10757: 10674: 8890: 6119: 4840: 4641: 3838: 2800: 1848: 1816: 1802: 1730: 1199:, a difficult journey that took seven days, during which the passengers were under constant fire as 15851: 15548: 15357: 15193: 15036: 14356: 14074: 12874: 12441: 11704: 11594: 11348: 10892: 10262: 9592: 9541: 9481: 9176: 8749: 7517: 7299: 6276: 3759: 3669: 3460: 3279: 2923: 2880: 2767: 2346: 2318: 2109: 1676:

Political Wing, sending Brigadier-General Taffazul Hussain Siddiqiui, to Bhutto's native Province,

1663: 1545: 1043: 884: 12614: 8253: 7914: 7814: 2955:

manipulating Islam for political ends. According to Nusrat Bhutto, former First Lady of Pakistan:

2265:

had begun studying the process of engaging the gradual privatisation and economic liberalisation.

15598: 15498: 15463: 15377: 15342: 15297: 15213: 15208: 15166: 15024: 14616: 14611: 14297: 14171: 14140: 13709: 12104: 12049: 12034: 11974: 11782: 11762: 11522: 11199: 10804: 9651: 9371: 9333: 8073: 7040: 6115: 3646: 3411: 3283: 2827: 2739: 2735: 2247: 2069: 1969: 1774: 1082: 1051: 834: 806: 645: 496: 401: 11007: 1950:, the containment of Afghan mujahidin, as well as the construction of nuclear test sites in the 1453:

openly condemned Bhutto and called for protests against his regime. The political crisis in the

15648: 15508: 15188: 15124: 14954: 14842: 14699: 14596: 13825: 13742: 13734: 13381: 12894: 12398: 11792: 11466: 10942: 10702: 10697: 10490: 9776: 9562: 9546: 9531: 9476: 9461: 9316: 9197: 8055:"To Fulfill Its Potential Pakistan Must Return to The Original Intent of The Lahore Resolution" 7562: 7426: 7035:

Dorsey, James (2022). "Saudi Arabia: A South Asian Wrecking Ball". In Mandaville, Peter (ed.).

5588:

Rafiq Dossani (2005). Prospects for Peace in South Asia. Stanford University Press. pp. 46–50.

5556: 4594: 3228: 3136:

Eating and drinking during Ramadan were outlawed, and attempts were made to enforce praying of

2885:

The "primary" policy or "centerpiece" of Zia's government was "Sharization" or "Islamization".

2486: 2121: 2081: 2054: 1865: 1762: 1647: 1500: 1446: 1442: 1181: 1003: 842: 13104: 8499: 8479: 8436: 6974: 6622: 6552: 6019: 5503: 2704: 2636:, helping Pakistan's economy become the fastest-growing in South Asia, overseeing the highest 2362:

himself over the five years. While witnessing the dramatic fall of Bhutto, one US diplomat in

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Schbir, Usmann. "Munir Ahmad Khan: Pakistan's nuclear supremo". Pakistan Military Consortium.

6136: 5686: 4378: 3700: 3639: 3631: 3455:) or an alliance of them and internal groups within Zia's military were behind the incident. 3452: 3194: 2751: 2452: 2395: 2386: 2322: 2282: 2255: 1833: 1738: 1726: 1650: 1585: 1427: 1192: 1092: 1011: 1007: 783: 658: 557: 82: 13909: 8883: 7877:"'General Zia Avenged the 1971 Defeat Through His Moves on Afghanistan and Nuclear Weapons'" 6426: 5110: 5041: 4745: 2734:

promises made to the United States; Zia gave assurances to the United States not to produce

2581:

This was proved when the PAEC conducted the cold-fission test of a fission device, codename

2509:

on 29 September. Despite declaring neutrality, Zia maintained close relations with Iran and

1081:

degree in History, from which he graduated with distinction in 1943. He was admitted to the

15911: 15841: 15836: 15713: 15608: 15593: 15563: 15513: 15483: 15413: 15362: 15203: 15109: 15054: 14786: 14732: 14621: 14545: 14474: 14011: 14006: 12669: 12436: 12291: 12245: 12160: 12155: 11954: 11853: 11802: 11797: 11689: 11644: 11599: 11537: 11368: 11343: 11293: 11221: 11135: 10985: 10587: 10566: 10424: 10413: 10379: 10246: 9738: 9582: 9501: 9491: 9401: 9376: 9338: 9065: 9055: 7138: 4363: 3658: 3356:, earlier in the year, proved to be some of the major factors responsible for his removal. 3345: 2981:, who do not consider the collection of Zakat an obligation. In the first days of the tax, 2819: 2546: 2334: 2192: 2033: 1997: 1947: 1943: 1840: 1630: 1622: 1419: 1415: 1347: 1109: 971: 381: 161: 117: 8347: 6097: 5661: 4280: 4214: 3861: 3817: 8: 15693: 15673: 15633: 15543: 15538: 15523: 15352: 15347: 15254: 15114: 15099: 14882: 14686: 14489: 14001: 13986: 13981: 13714: 13114: 13029: 13024: 12924: 12787: 12584: 12468: 12383: 12271: 12124: 12119: 12099: 12084: 11994: 11989: 11894: 11827: 11817: 11729: 11724: 11714: 11614: 11554: 11527: 11353: 11338: 11308: 11286: 11072: 11062: 10789: 10712: 10682: 10666: 10374: 10224: 10066: 10055: 10007: 9587: 9451: 9421: 9391: 9291: 9222: 9011: 8948: 8812: 6685:

State and Secularism: Perspectives from Asia§General Zia-ul-Haq and Patronage of Islamism

6604:

Mehmud, Salim PhD (Nuclear Engineering). "Pakistan and Earth Observational System (EOS)".

5795:"Pakistan: Pakistani religious law challenged | Women Reclaiming and Redefining Cultures" 5439: 4993:

such a great honor, and this is a favour which I can never forget." The Herald, July 1992

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and disqualified from participating in politics at any level for the next seven years. A

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announced his and the navy's strong support for Zia and his military government. But the

1541: 1535: 1450: 1410: 1302: 1153: 1112:, (born 1953), who went into politics and became a cabinet minister in the government of 900: 862: 814: 697: 617: 509: 456: 246: 184: 11969: 11882: 4891: 4689: 3695:

Zia has been portrayed in English language popular culture a number of times including:

3054: 1314:

At the time of his nominating the successor to the outgoing Chief of Army Staff General

15688: 15668: 15653: 15638: 15568: 15458: 15198: 15182: 15171: 15155: 14382: 14282: 14259: 13996: 13991: 13976: 13782: 13682: 13672: 13562: 13501: 13268: 13064: 13049: 12974: 12954: 12949: 12934: 12781: 12529: 12281: 12165: 11919: 11822: 11807: 11719: 11709: 11684: 11679: 11444: 11398: 11313: 11298: 11241: 11057: 10980: 10856: 10747: 10737: 10359: 10286: 10278: 10259: 10251: 10243: 10221: 10204: 10196: 10188: 10171: 10165: 10149: 10146: 10140: 10134: 10126: 10107: 10099: 9416: 9411: 8955: 8838: 8569: 8547: 8523: 7970: 7802: 7750: 7551: 7303: 6268: 5420: 5379: 4663: 4166: 3709:, the character of general Raza Hyder shows strong parallels to the life of Zia-Ul-Haq. 3415: 3365: 3182: 2912:

In the past, he complained, "Many a ruler did what they pleased in the name of Islam."

2700: 2173: 1973: 1852: 1844: 1778: 1742: 1581: 1458: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1308: 1215: 1204: 1188: 850: 826: 482: 43: 13302: 12964: 12793: 8054: 2080:, or "consultative council." After banning all political parties in 1979 he disbanded 1464:

On 8 January 1977, a large number of opposition political parties grouped to form the

15799: 15765: 15755: 15733: 15708: 15663: 15533: 15518: 15443: 15398: 15367: 15312: 15014: 14575: 13677: 13281: 13134: 13079: 13054: 13009: 12939: 12914: 12879: 12869: 12838: 12725: 12609: 12579: 12316: 12306: 12220: 12114: 11959: 11674: 11471: 11328: 11281: 11179: 11130: 11104: 11082: 10922: 10902: 10846: 10834: 10648: 10483: 10389: 9977: 9733: 9704: 9381: 9082: 8927: 8913: 8894: 8867: 8844: 8820: 8798: 8776: 8769: 8753: 8732: 8710: 8689: 8670: 8664: 8646: 8639: 8620: 8599: 8577: 8555: 8533: 8505: 8485: 8475: 8462: 8442: 8418: 8397: 8312: 8306: 8225: 8200: 8001: 7943: 7818: 7776: 7742: 7723:"Public Policy Dilemmas and Pakistan's Nationality Problem: The Legacy of Zia ul-Haq" 7599: 7566: 7226: 7195: 7167: 7061: 7015: 6978: 6967: 6784: 6721: 6689: 6609: 6539: 6514: 6449:"Setting the record straight: Not all dictators equal, nor all democrats incompetent" 6383: 6376:

Khan, Feroz Hassan (7 November 2012). "Enrichment Trials, Tribulations and Success".

6356: 6308: 6272: 6142: 6058: 6023: 6012: 5926: 5878: 5719: 5692: 5665: 5630: 5589: 5533: 5490: 4921: 4824: 4719: 3619: 3542: 3479: 3448: 3243: 3157: 2986: 2850:, a military satellite. In 1987, Zia launched the clandestine aerospace project, the 2804: 2668: 2542: 2494: 2425: 2310: 2129: 1919: 1873: 1782: 1610: 1508: 1496: 892: 320: 129: 13258: 12929: 10455: 7462: 7009: 6412:

South Asian cultures of the bomb: atomic publics and the state in India and Pakistan

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and General Herbert M. Wassom, the head of the US military aid mission to Pakistan.

1696:

document was issued, incriminating the deposed Bhutto government on several counts.

1191:

in 1947, Captain Zia was the escort officer for the last train of refugees to leave

1123:

His cousin Mian Abdul Waheed has served as diplomat, being Pakistan’s ambassador to

15603: 15223: 15218: 15004: 14550: 14338: 13667: 13494: 13044: 12969: 12899: 12884: 12864: 12811: 12594: 12589: 12569: 12519: 12509: 12336: 12301: 12286: 12235: 11964: 11904: 11744: 11403: 11383: 11092: 11034: 11028: 10995: 10975: 10965: 10814: 10615: 10607: 10445: 10430: 10418: 10078: 9861: 9716: 9471: 9431: 9406: 9217: 9091: 8660: 8501:

Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth Century

7810: 7734: 6260: 6111: 5425: 4317: 3831: 3714: 3623: 3593: 3550: 3499: 3483: 3361: 3239: 3177: 3038: 3032: 2788: 2676: 2538: 2463: 2413: 2251: 2184: 2093: 2001: 1981: 1897: 1705: 1618: 1602: 1512: 1488: 1323: 1319: 1222: 1173: 1078: 999: 991: 912: 822: 635: 530: 9994: 8706:

Islam, Muslims and the Modern State: Case-Studies of Muslims in Thirteen Countries

5442:

and his friends will follow me with tails wagging...." General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977

4861: 3410:

tank demonstration in Bahawalpur, Zia had left the city in the Punjab province by

15723: 15678: 15623: 15528: 15503: 15473: 15428: 15423: 15408: 15372: 15322: 15302: 15292: 14135: 13263: 13119: 13109: 13094: 13074: 13059: 13034: 12979: 12744: 12712: 12604: 12564: 12326: 12321: 12261: 12202: 11934: 11812: 11639: 11604: 11512: 11507: 11231: 11125: 10799: 10732: 10722: 10687: 10643: 10630: 10582: 10435: 10129: 9981: 9721: 9486: 9386: 9229: 8996: 8834: 8704: 8614: 8412: 8391: 7961: 7959: 7473: 7367: 5974:"30 years on, Zia ul-Haq's extremist, military legacy alive and well in Pakistan" 5769: 5654: 5303: 5048: 4898: 4331: 4303: 4263: 3898: 3854: 3654: 3464: 3220: 3050: 3019: 2893:("Rule of the prophet" or Islamic System, i.e. establishing an Islamic state and 2779: 2722: 2663: 2534: 2459: 2298: 2243: 1951: 1935: 1261: 1059: 995: 932: 838: 552: 261: 216: 189: 105: 13334: 11226: 7553:

Terror Threat: International and Homegrown terrorists and their threat to Canada

3799: 3258: 2904:

In his first televised speech to the country as head of state Zia declared that

1972:

in the 1960s. One of the notable officers that had worked with him were General

15785: 15553: 15438: 15287: 15266: 15160: 14949: 14361: 14155: 13089: 13014: 13004: 12999: 12859: 12599: 12388: 12311: 12039: 11944: 11694: 11634: 11266: 11184: 11087: 11047: 11017: 10917: 10872: 10401: 10281: 10102: 9837: 9426: 9311: 8863: 8790: 8432: 7849: 7427:"ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130B Hercules 23494 Bahawalpur Airport (BHV)" 7037:

Wahhabism and the World: Understanding Saudi Arabia's Global Influence on Islam

4627:

Book: President of Pakistan, General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq: January–December 1985

4353: 4177: 3972: 3965: 3745: 3706: 3635: 3575: 3440: 3376: 3214: 2653: 2648:... Or General Zia was the "most superb and patriotic liar I have ever met...." 2550: 2444: 2314: 2306: 1923: 1918:

The second appointment was of Lieutenant-General S.M. Abbasi who was appointed

1893: 1366: 1354: 1211: 1169: 1157: 1050:. Ali was noted for his religiosity which earned him the Muslim clerical title 908: 492: 7956: 6645: 6264: 6237: 4200: 3868: 3560: 580: 66: 15825: 15618: 15177: 14668: 13791: 13489: 13484: 13253: 13099: 12994: 12959: 12944: 12904: 12446: 12276: 12014: 11924: 11787: 11767: 11654: 11415: 11393: 11358: 10937: 10932: 10887: 10809: 10769: 10518: 10229: 9807: 9456: 9279: 8591: 8529: 7780: 7746: 7558: 6832: 6355:. Oxford, Islamabad, and New York: Printwise Publications. pp. 135–144. 6087: 4407: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3673: 3534: 3475: 3427: 3067: 2970: 2710: 2498: 2448: 2406: 2326: 2278: 2205: 2149: 2117: 1989: 1856: 1722: 1431: 1383: 1242: 1196: 964: 924: 830: 795: 702: 461: 435: 341: 8736: 6513:. Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory: Vanguard Books. pp. 320–351. 2525:

One of the earliest initiatives taken by Zia in 1977, was to militarize the

15780: 15104: 15079: 14916: 14896: 14714: 14287: 13039: 12989: 12919: 12909: 12763: 12751: 12738: 12544: 12371: 11872: 11120: 10970: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10525: 10407: 10395: 10235: 9896: 9882: 9851: 9466: 9441: 9353: 6575: 6574:. Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey. Archived from 6189:

Silent soldier: the man behind the Afghan jehad General Akhtar Abdur Rahman

5181: 5156: 4797: 4532: 4345: 4257: 4130: 3724: 3677: 3662: 3001: 2982: 2978: 2859: 2855: 2837: 2696: 2688: 2680: 2633: 2592: 2588: 2402: 2392: 2358: 2350: 2132:

were a few of the leading technocratic figures in his military government.

2113: 2005: 1927: 1877: 1626: 1520: 1372: 1269: 1257: 1165: 1161: 1113: 1019: 979: 960: 935:

prime minister, though he accumulated more presidential powers through the

896: 734: 6969:

Challenging the Secular State: The Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia

15728: 15628: 15588: 15583: 15433: 14351: 14346: 13084: 12689: 12659: 12514: 12504: 12403: 12266: 12059: 11548: 11378: 11363: 11174: 11022: 10990: 10877: 10692: 10597: 10536: 10308: 10294: 9786: 9577: 9446: 8634: 6762:

speech given on 2 December 1978, on the occasion of the first day of the

4819: 3824: 3806: 3165: 3046: 2922:(Islamic clergy) and the Islamic parties. 10,000s of activists from the 2898: 2755: 2125: 2073: 2062: 2058: 1958: 1766: 1693: 1689: 1476: 1277: 1177: 1039: 870: 818: 535: 300: 6219: 4325: 3676:. He was very dedicated in preventing the Soviet invasion of Pakistan." 2766:. This act encouraged Abdul Qadeer Khan, who allegedly tried to aid the 1637: 1108:. Begum Shafiq Zia died on 6 January 1996. Zia is survived by his sons, 14707: 14692: 13954: 12843: 12554: 12524: 12478: 12393: 12361: 12353: 12296: 11984: 11699: 11388: 11276: 10882: 10369: 10289: 10254: 10061: 9436: 9122: 8979: 7754: 7722: 7518:"As Pakistan comes full circle, a light is shone on Zia ul-Haq's death" 6763: 6599: 6597: 6088:

Panhwar, Member of Sindh Provincial Assembly., Sani H. (5 April 1979).

6007: 5877:. Internet Archive. Boston ; New York : Houghton Mifflin Co. 4225: 4194: 4110: 3554: 3546: 3538: 3353: 3349: 3336: 2637: 2621: 2514: 2105: 2076:". His first replacement for the parliament or National Assembly was a 2037: 1965: 1315: 1285: 1101: 952: 858: 388: 357: 316: 204: 14851: 11497: 7939:

The foreign policy of Pakistan: ethnic impacts on diplomacy, 1971–1994

7394:"THE DISABLED PERSONS (EMPLOYMENT AND REHABILITATION) ORDINANCE, 1981" 4449: 2234:

By the time General Zia had initiated the coup against Prime Minister

15403: 14921: 13139: 12984: 12833: 12806: 12619: 12574: 12483: 12451: 12431: 12423: 11752: 11542: 10440: 10364: 10199: 9496: 9396: 8519: 8414:

No Exit from Pakistan: America's Tortured Relationship with Islamabad

8171:"How Pakistan & Saudi Arabia had defeated Soviets in Afghanistan" 7523: 6382:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 150–151. 5521: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5513: 4245: 3891: 3471: 3407: 3153: 3149: 3000:

also had disputes. Zia favored the Deobandi doctrine and so the Sufi

1904: 1725:, the wife of the deposed Prime Minister, filed a suit against Zia's 1281: 1031: 975: 956: 802: 345: 292: 8641:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden

8094: 7738: 6594: 3268: 15307: 14911: 14906: 14759: 12718: 12559: 12456: 12331: 12150: 12054: 11194: 11052: 10506: 10349: 10297: 6910: 6681: 4101: 3568: 3406:

Zia died in a plane crash on 17 August 1988. After witnessing a US

3232: 3198: 3160: 3042: 2993: 2823: 2600: 2591:, under the leadership of weapon-testing laboratory's director Dr. 2583: 1550: 1435: 1393: 1086: 987: 875: 810: 440: 11838:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

5510: 4820:"General Zia kept nuclear programme secret from GIK, Arif: Waheed" 4472: 4470: 3564:

General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, whose policies became known as Ziaism

3392: 2932:(Islamic scholars) were added to the Council of Islamic Ideology. 2679:

had similar plans for Pakistan. In a private meeting with General

2644:(sic)...Either General Zia did not know the facts about country's 2513:, which proved to be a main factor for the Iranian victory in the 2100:, journalists, economists, and professionals in different fields. 2032:

Despite the dismissal of most of the Bhutto government, president

2027: 1938:. Lieutenant-General Rahimuddin Khan was appointed to the post of 1273:

reported that Zia personally led Jordanian troops during battles.

1229:. After that, he returned to take over as Directing Staff (DS) at 14944: 14901: 12664: 12549: 12539: 12488: 12029: 10774: 6914: 5802: 5042:"Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik" 4231: 3884: 3732: 3423: 3202: 3171: 2997: 2974: 2833: 2506: 2168:, Zia succumbed to international pressure and gave permission to 1480: 1389: 1362: 1311:

Zia as Chief of Army Staff and to be elevated to four-star rank.

1124: 8148:"From entry to exit: The politics of Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif" 7353: 7351: 7349: 7288:, edited by Zahid Hussain, Columbia University Press, 2006, p.78 7258:, edited by Zahid Hussain, Columbia University Press, 2006, p.81 6815: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6807: 5454: 5066:"Discovering the Life: Raja Zia Ul Haq Biography - ICONIC FOLKS" 14752: 14745: 12732: 12534: 12473: 11408: 8276:"GeoTV Geo News Latest News Breaking News Pakistan Live Videos" 8199:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. pp. xii. 7969:. Election Commission of Pakistan on Zia-ul-Haq. Archived from 5532:. California: Library of Congress, United States. p. 276. 5482:

Khan, Roedad. "Zia's attitude towards Bhutto and his friends".

4862:"Profile; Pakistan's General Zia -- from soldier to politician" 4467: 4061: 3847: 3661:. He is also cited for promoting the early political career of 3526: 3519: 3106: 3078:

All these punishments were dependent on the proof required for

2894: 2846: 2844:. Zia also launched the work on the country's first satellite, 2502: 2022: 1880:, Justice Anwarul Haq served as interim president of Pakistan. 1868:

also gained Zia and Anwar-ul-Haq's support and elevated as the

1770: 1729:, challenging the validity of the July 1977 military coup. The 1484: 1234: 1226: 1117: 1105: 1070: 1015: 650: 8746:

Ayub, Bhutto, and Zia: How They Fell Victim to Their Own Plans

8393:

The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies

13217: 13173:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

12679: 12462: 10541: 9924: 8224:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. p. 66. 7346: 6898: 6804: 6246:"Iran-Pakistan Relations: Political and Strategic Dimensions" 5705: 3533:

by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. The ideology endorses the idea of an

3380: 3259:

Dismissal of the Junejo government and call for new elections

3137: 3005: 2928: 2918: 2783: 2097: 1677: 1380: 1376: 1358: 1280:, it was the Army Chief of General Staff, Lieutenant General 1128: 1063: 1055: 1047: 8840:

Desperately Seeking Paradise: Journeys of a Sceptical Muslim

7662: 7399:. The Government of Punjab. 29 December 1981. Archived from 6527: 6192:. Karachi, Sindh: Jang Publishers, 1991. pp. 106 pages. 2441:

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

2179:

but without political parties in February 1985. Most of the

1791: 1214:. He was trained in the United States from 1962–1964 at the 1062:. At an early age, Zia and his six siblings were taught the 14739: 12757: 12639: 10531: 10475: 9916: 9866: 6902: 5824: 5822: 5820: 3627: 3072: 3058: 2490: 1338:

Mohammad Shariff, though promoted to General, was made the

10037: 8455:

Hyman, Anthony; Ghayur, Muhammed; Kaushik, Naresh (1989),

7163:

In Custody: Law, Impunity and Prisoner Abuse in South Asia

6929: 6927: 6925: 6479:"Reagan admin swallowed Gen Zia's lies on nuclear weapons" 6346: 6344: 6259:(4). The Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses: 526. 3763:(2010), a non-fiction memoir by Murtaza Bhutto's daughter 3249: 2795:. In the 2000s (decade), North Korea attempted to aid the 2150:

1985 parliamentary elections and constitutional amendments

1018:. Zia is also cited for promoting the political career of 13212: 13192: 13187: 9888: 8686:

Breaking the Curfew: A Political Journey through Pakistan

8222:

What we won: America's secret war in Afghanistan, 1979-89

8197:

What we won: America's secret war in Afghanistan, 1979-89

7643: 7223:

Realizing Human Rights: Moving from Inspiration to Impact

6884: 6369: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6186:

Yousaf, PA, Brigadier General (retired) Mohammad (1991).

5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5203: 5201: 3255:

rehabilitation, and welfare of people with disabilities.

3201:

in doctrinal orientation, while one-quarter of them were

1680:, to assess whether people would accept martial law. The 15872:

Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College

8074:"Historical USD to PKR Rates 1960-2020 | Pakistan Image" 7906: 5817: 5645: 4487: 4485: 3235:

were introduced, further decreasing cinema attendances.

2826:(MW) heavy water plutonium production reactor, known as 2497:. In an effort to end the war and maintain unity of the 2435:

In November 1982, Zia travelled to Moscow to attend the

951:

in November 1988. In August 1988, while travelling from

15917:

State leaders killed in aviation accidents or incidents

13332: 6939: 6922: 6872: 6403: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4514: 4512: 2897:

law), a significant turn from Pakistan's predominantly

2718:

to protect and battle the weapons of mass destruction.

2520: 1839:

After calling for martial law, Zia pressured President

1276:

According to the testimonies provided by Major-General

15942:

Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Pakistan

7453:

by Pakistan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (MOFA, 1988)

7137:. Newslinemagazine.com. 5 October 2003. Archived from 6483:

27 April 2012-- declassified information archive, 1981

6321: 5354: 5220: 5198: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4569: 4567: 4565: 3754:

which is loosely based around the events of his death.

3744:

Zia is caricatured as one of the main protagonists in

3567:

The ideology attracts much controversy, especially in

3231:

and most of the cinemas in Lahore were shut down. New

1318:, the Lieutenant Generals in order of seniority were: 8552:

Working with Zia: Pakistan's Power Politics 1977–1988

7917:. Islamabad: Dawn Newspapers, Rehman. Dawn Newspapers 7322: 7320: 6179: 5845: 5763:

The Need for Consultation (mushāwara)|by Muhammad Haq

4482: 3529:

is a political ideology implemented in Pakistan from

1638:

Postponement of elections and call for accountability

9121: 8795:

Waiting for Allah: Pakistan's Struggle for Democracy

8616:

Contemporary Pakistan Politics, Economy, and Society

8000:(1. ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 146–190. 7286:

Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam

7256:

Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam

6568:"Proliferation Unbound: Nuclear Tales from Pakistan" 6167: 5529:

Conflict between India and Pakistan: an encyclopedia

5245:

Mazari, Sherbaz(2000) A Journey into disillusionment

4716:"Umeed-e-Noor's efforts for special children lauded" 4509: 4293: 3685:

Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan

9999: 7843: 7841: 7273:, By Dilip Hiro, Yale University Press, 2012, p.162 7266: 7264: 7219:"Human Rights in Pakistan, a System in the Making." 6677: 6675: 6673: 6353:

Long Road to Chagai§ The General and the Atomic Toy

5620: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 4941: 4872: 4562: 4497: 2195:was known as an unassuming and soft-spoken Sindhi. 1164:, a cavalry unit accoutered with tanks. During the 1120:, and is married to Pakistani doctor, Adnan Majid. 15937:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1988 14510:College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering 8882: 8768: 8638: 8454: 8140: 7900: 7550: 7542: 7516: 7486:"Editorial: Another clue into General Zia's death" 7317: 7083:"Twenty-Five Years of Hudood Ordinances- A Review" 6966: 6780:Double Jeopardy: Police Abuse of Women in Pakistan 6205: 6201: 6199: 6155: 6011: 5653: 5400: 5339: 5278: 5266: 5254: 4640:. Storyofpakistan.com. 1 June 2003. Archived from 4476: 4435: 2428:, a programme funded by the United States and the 1399: 1361:would not make an alliance with the predominantly 1030:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was born on 12 August 1924 in 15776:Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984 15088:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989–present) 13602: 7357: 6850: 6504: 6502: 6500: 5546: 4524: 4384:Oppression under the regime of General Zia-ul-Haq 4359:Human Rights in Pakistan under General Zia-ul-Haq 3219:In a 1979 address to the nation, Zia decried the 3185:, punishable with imprisonment or fine, or both. 1851:on 23 September 1977. Immediately, chief justice 943:. He dismissed Junejo's government on charges of 30:"Zia-ul-Haq" redirects here. For other uses, see 15823: 13158:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 7838: 7807:The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience 7769:"Pakistan Moves Toward Islamic Authoritarianism" 7261: 6773: 6771: 6670: 6572:James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies 5624: 5599: 4856: 4854: 4770:. Khalidhasan.net. 28 March 2004. Archived from 3690: 2466:became his major economic policy. US politician 2156:Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan 1992:and remained General Zia' confidential members. 1292: 1042:. His father, Muhammad Akbar Ali, worked in the 11595:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 11002:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 9729:Indian allegations of aiding Khalistan movement 8775:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 7967:"Election Commission of Pakistan on Zia-ul-Haq" 7110: 7108: 6720:(2006 ed.). I.B.Tauris. pp. 100–101. 6196: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 4892:"Interview with Brig (retd) Shamim Yasin Manto" 4558:"Unbending Commander for Era of Atom and Islam" 4530: 4369:Line of succession to the President of Pakistan 2721:In 1977, Zia ultimately adopted the policy of " 2489:initiated a nearly eight-year long war between 2048: 2043: 2028:Assumption of the post of President of Pakistan 1773:appeals from foreign leaders requesting Zia to 8304: 7515:Bone, James; Hussain, Zahid (16 August 2008). 7508: 6682:Michael Heng Siam-Heng; Ten Chin Liew (2010). 6565: 6497: 6379:Eating Grass: The making of the Pakistani bomb 6057:. New York, United States: The Penguin Press. 5179: 5154: 3665:, who would be thrice elected Prime Minister. 3537:, influenced heavily by religion. It includes 3215:New wave of rock music in Pakistan (1980-1989) 2675:in 1981 – suspicion grew in Pakistan that the 869:, during which he deposed Bhutto and declared 841:, he played a prominent role in defending the 15967:Recipients of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali 14867: 13768: 13510: 13318: 10491: 10324: 10023: 9761:Theories of external involvement in Zia crash 9250:General Rahimuddin's Balochistan Governorship 9107: 7809:. Oxford University Press. pp. 439–480. 7671:"Million Mourn at Funeral for Pakistan's Zia" 7548: 7281: 7279: 7251: 7249: 7210: 7180: 7119:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHaqqani2010 ( 6768: 6472: 6470: 6418: 6211: 5912: 5896: 5894: 5874:Indira : the life of Indira Nehru Gandhi 5573:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHaqqani2010 ( 5295:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHaqqani2010 ( 5108: 4851: 4742:"In Mumbai, she sends out a prayer for peace" 3364:and accusations that Pakistan was aiding the 2620:. Zia, with the help of Munir Ahmad Khan and 2000:as Chief of Naval Staff in 1979, and Admiral 1147: 760: 14480:Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute 13234:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 10785:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 8525:The Leopard and the Fox: A Pakistani Tragedy 7803:"From Jinnah's Secularism to Zia's Islamism" 7696:"PAKISTAN MUST CHOOSE BHUTTO-ISM OR ZIA-ISM" 7424: 7159: 7105: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6688:. Singapore: World Scientific. p. 360. 6134: 5732: 3571:, where religious and secular ideas collide. 3470:His funeral was held on 19 August 1988 near 2858:in 1985, and later under Lieutenant-General 2268: 1748: 1711: 1370: 15962:People from Punjab Province (British India) 15867:Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988) 12095:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 8907: 7514: 6656: 6654: 5660:. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. pp. 3352:, on the outskirts of army headquarters in 3297:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2874: 2418:Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence 2317:, and senior US military officials General 2146:electorate participated in the referendum. 1907:was appointed Martial Law Administrator of 1733:ruled, in what would later be known as the 1708:" thereby implying how can he be marketed. 1445:(PPP), and the murder of leading dissident 1096:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq with his father in 1929 849:. In 1976, Zia was elevated to the rank of 95:16 September 1978 – 17 August 1988 14874: 14860: 14581:Army Public College of Management Sciences 13775: 13761: 13660: 13325: 13311: 13198:United States involvement in regime change 10753:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 10498: 10484: 10338: 10331: 10317: 10030: 10016: 9114: 9100: 7985: 7688: 7463:"Plea in court to revive C-130 crash case" 7276: 7271:Apocalyptic Realm: Jihadists in South Asia 7246: 7007: 6958: 6950:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHaqqani2010 ( 6741: 6467: 6185: 5905:. NY: St.Martin's Press. pp. 246, 7. 5891: 5231:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHaqqani2016 ( 5212:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHaqqani2016 ( 4412: 3486:also laid a floral wreath at Zia's grave. 3223:and music in the country. Soon afterward, 1434:, in a bomb blast in the frontier town of 1346:, a constitutional post akin to President 1251: 1069:After completing his initial education in 767: 753: 681:Amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan 65: 56: 15957:Pakistan Command and Staff College alumni 9792:Movement for the Restoration of Democracy 8910:The Bear Trap: Afghanistan's Untold Story 8880: 7815:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190235185.003.0009 7800: 7492:. Lahore. 4 December 2005. Archived from 6819: 6702: 6476: 6294: 6217: 5959:Pakistan: The Economy of an Elitist State 5918: 5856:. NY: St.Martin's Press. pp. 284–5. 5552: 5104: 5102: 5100: 4744:. Cities.expressindia.com. Archived from 3788: 3317:Learn how and when to remove this message 3049:to Pakistani law, and new punishments of 3010:Movement for the Restoration of Democracy 2778:After Zia's death, his successor General 2309:, and the civilian intelligence officers 2036:was persuaded to continue in office as a 2012: 1792:Appointment of martial law administrators 1507:of 23rd Mountain Division, Major-General 1241:, Zia is said to have been the Assistant 1156:on 12 May 1943 after graduating from the 1100:On 10 August 1950, he married his cousin 1077:, an Anglican missionary school, for his 1022:, who was thrice elected prime minister. 959:, Zia died in an aircraft crash near the 13887:Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee 9690:Refusal to sign Non-Proliferation Treaty 7654:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHanif2008 ( 7549:Hamilton, Dwight; Rimsa, Kostas (2007). 7297: 7216: 7014:. Internet Archive. St. Martin's Press. 6783:. Human Rights Watch. 1992. p. 19. 6651: 6644:Richard McGill Murphy (16 October 1997) 6135:Dossani, Rafiq; Rowen, Henry S. (2005). 5750:. NY: St.Martin's Press. pp. 260–1. 5718:. Oxford University Press. p. 263. 5378:. Pakistan Muslim League. Archived from 5017: 4533:"Master of Game: Zia-ul-Haq of Pakistan" 3574: 3559: 3433:Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee 3391: 3116:is a religious and community-based law. 3008:(who were Barelvis) joined the anti-Zia 2745: 2272: 1887: 1883: 1615:Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee 1091: 1025: 15599:Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussain Najafi 14881: 14561:National University of Modern Languages 11324:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 8743: 8723: 8702: 8431: 8168: 7929: 7668: 7114: 6973:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 6945: 6878: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5956: 5568: 5290: 5226: 5207: 5150: 5148: 4980: 4913: 4518: 4491: 3250:Welfare of the people with disabilities 3143: 2632:, and instituted industrialization and 2285:meeting with President Zia-ul-Haq, 1982 1168:, in May 1945, Zia participated in the 27:President of Pakistan from 1978 to 1988 14: 15824: 15234:Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat 15135:Students Islamic Organisation of India 14812:Criticism of the Pakistan Armed Forces 13841:Cabinet Committee on National Security 13835:National Assembly Committee on Defence 13397:Cabinet Committee on National Security 13391:National Assembly Committee on Defence 13168:Russian espionage in the United States 11440:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 10039:Martial Law Administrators of Pakistan 8908:Yousaf, Mohammad; Adkin, Mark (1992). 8857: 8833: 8811: 8683: 8590: 8497: 8410: 8330: 8328: 8219: 8194: 8122:"Nawaz a product of Zia's martial law" 7912: 7720: 7300:"My film is part of the peace process" 7053: 7034: 6895:. NY: St.Martin's Press. p. 251. 6890: 6861:. NY: St.Martin's Press. p. 252. 6856: 6747: 6508: 6350: 6173: 5971: 5900: 5851: 5745: 5345: 5097: 5005:Pakistan: Nationalism Without a Nation 4884: 4838: 4447: 3443:, the American ambassador to Pakistan 3188: 2822:, Zia sanctioned the launch of the 50 1404: 1195:, an armored corps training center in 982:is credited with stopping an expected 923:and emphasized Pakistan's role in the 813:. In 1943, he was commissioned in the 790:in 1988. He also served as the second 150:1 March 1976 – 17 August 1988 15719:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 15604:Grand Ayatollah Bashir Hussain Najafi 15419:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 14855: 14485:CMH Lahore Medical And Dental College 14437:Foundation University Medical College 14201:Electrical and Mechanical Engineering 13756: 13306: 13163:Soviet espionage in the United States 11319:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 11098:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 10763:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 10479: 10312: 10011: 9998: 9751:Support for Iran during Iran–Iraq War 9573:Movement for Restoration of Democracy 9095: 8860:Pakistan Under Martial Law, 1977-1985 8766: 8659: 8612: 8474: 8438:Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military 8071: 7991: 7874: 7847: 7649: 7188:"What are Pakistan's blasphemy laws?" 6964: 6933: 6833:"Rights abuse under Zia's government" 6752:. NY: St.Martin's Press. p. 251. 6713: 6660: 6244:Allam, Shah (October–December 2004). 6243: 6045: 5972:Grover, Priyamvada (17 August 2018). 5870: 5684: 5651: 5350:. NY: St.Martin's Press. p. 256. 5173: 5092:Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military 5002: 4690:"Shatrughan reminisces ties with Zia" 4615: 4503: 3414:aircraft. The aircraft departed from 3087:, or drinking alcohol by less strict 1796: 1529: 1441:Dissidence also increased within the 1014:. His overall policy has been called 879:leader for over a year, assuming the 13239:Soviet Union–United States relations 11590:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 9265:Consolidation of nuclear development 8789: 8633: 8568: 8546: 7935: 7298:Branigan, Tania (13 February 2004). 7217:Jahangir, Asma (30 September 2000). 6427:"The Crisis in the Pakistan Economy" 6414:. New York: Oxford Press University. 6375: 6006: 5991: 5711: 5525: 5145: 4917:Encyclopedia of the Developing World 4878: 4839:Hassan, Mubashir (27 January 2009). 4573: 3439:, close associate of Zia, Brigadier 3295:adding citations to reliable sources 3262: 3208: 2606: 2521:Consolidation of atomic bomb program 2380: 2333:influenced Zia to adopt his idea of 236:5 July 1977 – 24 March 1985 15952:Indian expatriates in British Burma 15932:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni 15489:Sahibzada Haji Muhammad Fazal Karim 15151:Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat 15130:Students' Islamic Movement of India 14530:College of Aeronautical Engineering 14303:Special Communications Organization 13203:Soviet involvement in regime change 9324:Efforts against communist terrorism 9312:Introduction of rock music industry 8518: 8461:, New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 8389: 8349:Jordan Times, 1987, Jordan, English 8325: 8169:Pirzada, Moeed (13 December 2017). 7596:The History and Culture of Pakistan 7358:Nadeem F. Paracha (28 March 2013). 7225:. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 181. 7160:Ramakrishnan, Nitya (30 May 2013). 6717:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam 6566:Gaurav Kampani (23 February 2004). 6300: 6161: 5961:. Karachi: Oxford University Press. 5922:Pakistan: A Global Studies Handbook 5691:. Westview Publishers. p. 68. 5688:Pakistan: Fifty Years of Nationhood 5018:Cowasjee, Ardeshir (29 June 1995). 4411: 3026: 2852:Integrated Missile Research Program 1629:as Chief of Air Staff; and Admiral 1301:and was appointed commander of the 1142: 1073:, Zia attended Delhi's prestigious 847:Palestinian Liberation Organization 798:from 1 March 1976 until his death. 24: 15761:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization 15469:Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi 15383:Maulana Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni 15273:All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board 15095:All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board 14807:Women in the Pakistan Armed Forces 14792:Army Institute of Military History 13244:Soviet Union–United States summits 10718:1947 Polish parliamentary election 10603:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 8731:. Lahore: Progressive Publishers. 8729:Pakistan's Politics: The Zia Years 8504:. The Cambridge University Press. 8396:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 7702:. Associated Press. 26 August 1988 6603: 6591:, Time.com Sunday, 6 February 2005 6533: 6424: 5629:. Six Hour, Bhutto. Archived from 3770:Zia was portrayed by Indian actor 3731:Zia was portrayed by Indian actor 3490:Well, he was a great loss...He is 2375: 2220:Market corporatization in Pakistan 2213: 2135: 1737:(not to be confused with the 1954 1646:promising to hold new and neutral 1210:In September 1950, Zia joined the 25: 15978: 14566:National University of Technology 14525:Pakistan Navy Engineering College 14070:Army Special Services Group (SSG) 12005:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 11940:United States invasion of Grenada 11210:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 11151:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 8574:Khaki Shadows: Pakistan 1947–1997 7194:. 6 November 2014. Archived from 6138:Prospects for Peace in South Asia 5828: 5068:. 6 December 2023. Archived from 2865: 2671:strike took place to destroy the 2567:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission 2341:orchestrated with help of the US 2254:which featured the Interest-free 2226:Fifth Five-Year Plans of Pakistan 2019:Presidency of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 1219:Command and General Staff College 998:. Zia's detractors criticize his 15877:Pakistan Armoured Corps officers 14838: 14837: 14602:Army Public Schools and Colleges 14515:Military College of Engineering 13953: 13784: 13726: 13725: 13333: 12080:United States invasion of Panama 11930:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 11570:1971 Turkish military memorandum 11533:Communist insurgency in Thailand 11503:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 11435:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 11262:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 11190:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 10708:Restatement of Policy on Germany 10454: 10348: 10047:Chief Martial Law Administrators 9976: 9965: 9964: 9188:Provisional Constitutional Order 8771:Pakistan : eye of the storm 8356: 8340: 8298: 8268: 8238: 8213: 8188: 8162: 8119: 8113: 8087: 8065: 8047: 8021: 7901:Hyman, Ghayur & Kaushik 1989 7894: 7868: 7794: 7761: 7714: 7669:Fineman, Mark (21 August 1988). 7634: 7608: 7589: 7478: 7456: 7444: 7418: 7386: 7291: 7153: 7127: 7081:Lau, Martin (1 September 2007). 7074: 7047: 7028: 7001: 6825: 6206:Hyman, Ghayur & Kaushik 1989 6090:"CIA Sent Bhutto to the Gallows" 5919:Mohiuddin, Yasmeen Niaz (2007). 5481: 5412: 5401:Hyman, Ghayur & Kaushik 1989 5279:Hyman, Ghayur & Kaushik 1989 5267:Hyman, Ghayur & Kaushik 1989 5255:Hyman, Ghayur & Kaushik 1989 4841:"PPP accepts another 'turncoat'" 4718:. Paktribune.com. Archived from 4477:Hyman, Ghayur & Kaushik 1989 4448:Rehman, I. A. (17 August 2016). 4436:Hyman, Ghayur & Kaushik 1989 4338: 4324: 4310: 4296: 4279: 4275:Order of the Yugoslav Great Star 4262: 4244: 4230: 4213: 4199: 4182: 4165: 3897: 3890: 3883: 3876: 3867: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3837: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3805: 3798: 3705:(1983) by British-Indian author 3518:This section is an excerpt from 3267: 2754:in anti-western states (such as 2614:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 2559:Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers 2474: 2238:, the economic cycle process of 2181:major opposing political parties 733: 579: 15902:People of the Soviet–Afghan War 15805:Militant Islamism in South Asia 15283:Ahlehadeeth Movement Bangladesh 14429:Foundation University Islamabad 14080:Special Security Division (SSD) 12800:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 12181:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 12110:Fall of the inner German border 12010:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 11660:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 11650:Spanish transition to democracy 11610:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 11237:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 10743:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 10624:Occupation of the Baltic states 10000:Templates related to Zia-ul-Haq 9240:Trial of elected Prime minister 8598:. Dhaka: University Press Ltd. 8382: 8246:"18th Amendment Bill, Pakistan" 7915:"Ziaul Haq: Master of illusion" 7425:Harro Ranter (17 August 1988). 6756: 6638: 6629: 6582: 6559: 6441: 6409: 6128: 6039: 5965: 5950: 5864: 5829:GoPak, Government of Pakistan. 5787: 5775: 5754: 5678: 5582: 5562: 5475: 5447: 5406: 5394: 5369: 5284: 5272: 5260: 5248: 5239: 5127: 5111:"Ouster of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto" 5084: 5058: 5034: 5011: 4996: 4986: 4907: 4832: 4812: 4796:. Ijazulhaq.com. Archived from 4786: 4768:"Zia through a daughter's eyes" 4760: 4734: 4708: 4682: 4656: 4630: 4621: 4609: 4579: 4450:"Ziaul Haq: Master of illusion" 3583: 3420:Islamabad International Airport 2289:The United States, notably the 2160:1985 Pakistani general election 1613:remained unsupportive, but the 1515:of Directorate-General for the 1400:Chief Martial Law Administrator 1344:Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee 1245:of the 101st Infantry Brigade. 899:, which significantly improved 883:in September 1978. He directed 612: 366: 224:Chief Martial Law Administrator 15947:Indian expatriates in Malaysia 15862:Leaders who took power by coup 15857:Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan 15394:Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi 14075:Light Commando Battalion (LCB) 13573:Strategic Plans Division Force 11580:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 11215:Mozambican War of Independence 10654:Indonesian National Revolution 8417:. Cambridge University Press. 8072:Fahad, Deeba (30 March 2020). 7913:Rehman, I A (September 1988). 7801:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2015). 7582:– via Internet Archive. 7330:. On The Media. Archived from 5419:Colonel Athar Hussain Ansari, 4550: 4441: 4429: 4401: 4374:List of presidents of Pakistan 4043:(Republic Commemoration Medal) 3169:(family members of Muhammad), 3119: 2901:, inherited from the British. 2420:(ISI) then-Lieutenant-General 2128:, and chemist-turned diplomat 1753:Former elected Prime Minister 1268:, Zia was dispatched north by 1203:broke out in the aftermath of 1152:Zia was commissioned into the 905:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 865:. In July 1977, Zia organized 13: 1: 15449:Muhammad Fazlur Rahman Ansari 15388:Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari 14233:Remount, Veterinary and Farms 13178:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 12193:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 12146:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 11868:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 11833:Seven Days to the River Rhine 11565:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 10852:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 10780:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 9213:Islamic economics in Pakistan 7875:Ahmad, Omair (24 June 2017). 7616:"Engines Probed in Air Crash" 7087:Washington and Lee Law Review 7080: 6141:. Stanford University Press. 5424:. Roedad Khan. Archived from 5415:"Pakistan- A Dream Gone Sour" 4794:"General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq" 4422: 3691:Portrayals in popular culture 3360:with India worsened amid the 3181:(Islamic symbols) was made a 2937:"Food, clothing, and shelter" 2589:Weapon-Testing Laboratories-I 2511:Pakistan sold weapons to Iran 2481:Pakistan in the Iran–Iraq War 2364:American Embassy in Islamabad 1293:Ascent to Chief of Army Staff 1054:. His family belonged to the 15614:Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib 15313:All India Khilafat Committee 14827:The Establishment (Pakistan) 13348:Military history of Pakistan 12171:Fall of communism in Albania 12141:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 12090:Polish Round Table Agreement 11430:1968 Polish political crisis 11247:Eritrean War of Independence 11013:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 10908:East German uprising of 1953 10840:Chinese Communist Revolution 10505: 9938:Indira Gandhi administration 9344:Federal Investigation Agency 9302:1988 parliamentary elections 9297:Assassination of General Zia 8817:A Journey to Disillusionment 8767:Jones, Owen Bennett (2002). 8709:. Springer. pp. 47–79. 8613:Ahmed, Manzooruddin (1980). 8250:Council on Foreign Relations 7848:Nasir, Abbas (7 July 2012). 7364:Dawn News, Nadeem F. Paracha 7221:. In Samantha, Power (ed.). 6909:Ordinance, but also between 5715:Pakistan – A Dream Gone Sour 5685:Burki, Shahid Javed (1999). 3987:Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e- 3494:martyr, and was a great man. 3402:Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 3396:Zia ul Haq Tomb in Islamabad 3175:(companions of Muhammad) or 2840:as the Administrator of the 2812: 2533:, under Science Advisor Dr. 2291:Ronald Reagan administration 2049:Formation of Majlis-e-Shoora 2044:Political structural changes 1455:North-West Frontier Province 1158:Mhow Officer Training School 676:1985 parliamentary elections 7: 15699:Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir 15479:Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi 15063:Markazu Saquafathi Sunniyya 15020:Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan 14650:A Case of Exploding Mangoes 14520:Military College of Signals 14447:National Defence University 14293:Frontier Works Organization 13831:Senate Committee on Defence 13387:Senate Committee on Defence 12045:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 11773:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 11518:Corrective Movement (Syria) 11482:New People's Army rebellion 11477:Sino-Soviet border conflict 11205:Angolan War of Independence 11068:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 10948:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 10593:Jamaican political conflict 9945:Rajiv Gandhi administration 9828:Central Intelligence Agency 9782:Communist Party of Pakistan 9700:Subsidization of Mujahideen 9568:Communist Party of Pakistan 9287:1985 non-partisan elections 9270:Council of Islamic Ideology 8885:A Brief History of Pakistan 8819:. Oxford University Press. 8619:. Carolina Academic Press. 8576:. Oxford University Press. 8554:. Oxford University Press. 8308:A Case of Exploding Mangoes 8305:Mohammed Hanif (May 2008). 8029:"Pakistan's abused Ahmadis" 7700:Australian Financial Review 7166:. SAGE Publications India. 6905:over the issue of the 1979 6477:Wikileaks (27 April 2012). 5026:(Editorial). Archived from 4696:. Chandigarh. 21 March 2006 4289: 4195:Order of the Star of Jordan 4178:Order of the Rajamitrabhorn 4161:Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali 4095:Order of the Rajamitrabhorn 3999:(100th Birth Anniversary of 3751:A Case of Exploding Mangoes 3645:To this day, Zia remains a 2716:Air Force Strategic Command 2430:Central Intelligence Agency 2343:Central Intelligence Agency 1909:Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province 1388:and let him offer books of 1371: 984:Soviet invasion of Pakistan 726:A Case of Exploding Mangoes 32:Zia-ul-Haq (disambiguation) 10: 15983: 15927:State funerals in Pakistan 15454:Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi 15278:Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan 15250:All India Sunni Conference 15229:All Pakistan Ulema Council 15120:National Development Front 15074:Sunni Students' Federation 14978:Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami 14556:Lahore Garrison University 13905:Master-General of Ordnance 13819:Prime Minister of Pakistan 13647:Pakistani Defence Industry 13533:National Command Authority 13375:Prime Minister of Pakistan 12241:Sino-Indian border dispute 12070:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 12000:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 11758:1976 Argentine coup d'état 11670:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 11620:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 11304:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 11272:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 10961:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 10728:Asian Relations Conference 10468:indicate acting Presidents 10192:Khwaja Mohammad Azhar Khan 9857:People's Republic of China 9652:Islamic Democracy Alliance 9613:Pakistan Muslim League (N) 9536:Pakistan Muslim League (N) 8889:. Facts on File. pp. 8669:. Atlantic Monthly Press. 8411:Markey, Daniel S. (2013). 7011:Pakistan, a modern history 6893:Pakistan, a Modern History 6859:Pakistan, a Modern History 6750:Pakistan, a Modern History 6646:The Afghanistan Drug Trade 6218:Editorial (31 July 2003). 6018:. Penguin Press. pp. 5903:Pakistan, a Modern History 5854:Pakistan, a Modern History 5833:. Constitution of Pakistan 5748:Pakistan, a Modern History 5348:Pakistan, a Modern History 5327:"The Naval dictatorship". 4914:Leonard, Thomas M (2005). 3579:Grave stone of Zia's grave 3517: 3418:and was expected to reach 3399: 3212: 3030: 2878: 2640:in the country's history. 2575:General Headquarters (GHQ) 2571:Khan Research Laboratories 2485:On 22 September 1980, the 2478: 2447:and new Secretary General 2443:. Soviet Foreign Minister 2437:funeral of Leonid Brezhnev 2384: 2223: 2217: 2153: 2052: 2016: 1946:saw the disbanding of the 1800: 1715: 1533: 1466:Pakistan National Alliance 1239:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 1148:Early career and partition 994:efforts and opposition to 974:for over a decade and his 887:, escalated the country's 720:Shafi-ur-Rehman Commission 548:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 543:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 71:Official military portrait 29: 15882:Pakistani anti-communists 15794: 15742: 15704:Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria 15559:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi 15494:Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani 15335: 15242: 15143: 15045: 15010:Islami Jatiya Oikya Front 15000:Islami Andolan Bangladesh 14988:Islamic Democratic League 14970: 14937: 14930: 14889: 14835: 14779: 14724: 14678: 14641: 14634: 14589: 14538: 14498: 14463: 14455:Command and Staff College 14445: 14427: 14419:Parachute Training School 14414:Pakistan Military Academy 14406: 14395: 14370: 14337: 14313:Defence Housing Authority 14311: 14273: 14252: 14164: 14123: 14116: 14088: 14062: 14025: 13969: 13962: 13951: 13877: 13849: 13798: 13723: 13695: 13652:Defence Housing Authority 13639: 13581: 13555: 13477: 13438: 13410: 13402:National Security Council 13354: 13345: 13277: 13226: 13148: 13125:William Appleman Williams 13070:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 12852: 12824: 12773: 12705: 12698: 12632: 12497: 12422: 12352: 12345: 12254: 12201: 12133: 11846: 11585:Bangladesh Liberation War 11575:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 11490: 11462:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 11450:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 11113: 10888:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 10865: 10575: 10513: 10463: 10452: 10355: 10346: 10271: 10214: 10181: 10158: 10117: 10092: 10045: 10005: 9960: 9875: 9800: 9769: 9695:USSR's war in Afghanistan 9680: 9671: 9603: 9555: 9524: 9515: 9364: 9307:Black projects initiation 9292:Ojhri Cantonment disaster 9198:1980 counter-coup attempt 9169: 9136: 9079: 9070: 9062: 9052: 9043: 9035: 9025: 9016: 9008: 9003: 8993: 8984: 8976: 8966: 8953: 8945: 8940: 8881:Wynbrandt, James (2009). 8858:Waseem, Mohammad (1987). 8458:Pakistan, Zia and After-- 8220:Riedel, Bruce O. (2014). 8195:Riedel, Bruce O. (2014). 8035:. London. 13 January 2010 7936:Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997). 7721:Ziring, Lawrence (1988). 7360:"Times of the Vital Sign" 7057:Pakistan: A Country Study 7054:Blood, Peter R. (1996l). 6589:The Man Who Sold the Bomb 6399:– via Google Books. 6351:Rahman, Shahidur (1999). 6265:10.1080/09700160408450157 6116:U.S. Embassy in Islamabad 6108:– via sixhour.com. 5925:. ABC-CLIO. p. 110. 5871:Frank, Katherine (2002). 5526:Lyon, Peter Lyon (2008). 4866:Christian Science Monitor 4221: 4190: 4149: 3512: 3507: 3422:. Shortly after a smooth 2842:Space Research Commission 2661:Following the success of 2412:During this meeting, the 2391:On 25 December 1979, the 2269:United States sponsorship 1940:Martial Law Administrator 1920:Martial Law Administrator 1849:Chief Justice of Pakistan 1803:Supreme Court of Pakistan 1749:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto trial 1731:Supreme Court of Pakistan 1718:Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization 1712:The doctrine of necessity 1653:within the next 90 days 1231:Command and Staff College 1044:Army General Headquarters 915:. He bolstered ties with 903:. In 1979, following the 833:and was stationed in the 566: 523: 502: 488: 478: 470: 449: 428: 423: 410: 387: 376: 351: 337: 327: 306: 279: 274: 270: 255: 240: 229: 222: 210: 198: 175: 154: 143: 135: 123: 111: 99: 88: 80: 76: 64: 53: 41: 15358:Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi 15194:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan 15037:Islamic Front Bangladesh 14357:Fauji Fertilizer Company 11900:1980 Turkish coup d'état 11735:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 11705:1978 Somali coup attempt 11665:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 11630:1973 Chilean coup d'état 11455:Revolutionary Government 11349:South African Border War 11141:1960 Turkish coup d'état 11058:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 10913:1953 Iranian coup d'état 10893:1952 Egyptian revolution 9593:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) 9177:Conservatism in Pakistan 8843:. London: Granta Books. 8750:Sang-e-Meel Publications 8596:Songs of Blood and Sword 8481:My Life with the Taliban 8364:"Блокови стварају кризе" 7451:Foreign affairs Pakistan 6046:Wawro, Geoffrey (2010). 5957:Hussain, Ishrat (1999). 5372:"Pakistan Muslim League" 5020:"The general's generals" 4664:"Zia's daughter is here" 4587:"Gone but not forgotten" 4531:/K Natwar Singh (1997). 4394: 4389:Corporate capitalisation 3760:Songs of Blood and Sword 3748:'s 2008 satirical novel 3683:With the passing of the 3387: 2971:Zakat and Ushr Ordinance 2881:Islamization of Pakistan 2875:Islamization of Pakistan 2772:Libya–Pakistan relations 2768:Libyan nuclear programme 2731:Israel's nuclear program 2587:on 11 March 1983 at the 2527:integrated atomic energy 2347:United States Government 2261:By the end of 1987, the 1932:Chief Minister of Punjab 1828:, and all the important 1664:Constitution of Pakistan 1662:He also stated that the 1526:, were loyal to Bhutto. 1297:He was then promoted as 1135:before ending up in the 941:Constitution of Pakistan 885:Islamization in Pakistan 829:in 1947, Zia joined the 588:This article is part of 328:Cause of death 54: 15922:Delhi University alumni 15499:Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad 15464:Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi 15378:Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri 15343:Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi 15298:Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir 15261:Finality of Prophethood 15214:Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal 15209:Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan 15167:Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan 15025:Bangladesh Islami Front 14701:Private Maqbool Hussain 14663:The Battle for Pakistan 14617:Military College Murree 14612:Military College Jhelum 14502:Sciences and Technology 14298:National Logistics Cell 14146:Northern Light Infantry 12105:Fall of the Berlin Wall 12050:People Power Revolution 12035:Central American crisis 11975:1986 Black Sea incident 11625:1973 Afghan coup d'état 11523:Western Sahara conflict 11334:1966 Syrian coup d'état 11257:1963 Syrian coup d'état 11200:Portuguese Colonial War 11163:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 10928:1954 Syrian coup d'état 10805:Annexation of Hyderabad 10748:1947–1949 Palestine war 9334:Airports Security Force 9275:Anti-communism policies 8498:Rudolf, Peters (2005). 7538:(subscription required) 7041:Oxford University Press 6425:Khanna, Sushil Khanna. 5768:9 December 2014 at the 5455:"Zia describing Bhutto" 5003:Jaffrelot, Christophe. 4638:"Funeral of Zia ul Haq" 3638:music, which expressed 3590:country's short history 3100:Women's Protection Bill 3075:for married offenders. 2801:Iranian nuclear program 2764:Chinese nuclear program 2740:highly enriched uranium 2736:weapons-grade plutonium 2531:Directorate for Science 2120:, and senior statesman 2070:parliamentary democracy 1479:in the major cities of 1252:Role in Black September 1160:. He was posted to the 1083:Indian Military Academy 963:. He was buried at the 835:Frontier Force Regiment 807:Indian Military Academy 743:: Picture, Sound, Video 402:Indian Military Academy 138:Chief of the Army Staff 15907:Presidents of Pakistan 15649:Delwar Hossain Sayeedi 15509:Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi 15189:Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba 15125:Popular Front of India 15068:Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa 14955:Emirate of Afghanistan 14843:Category:Pakistan Army 14802:Awards and decorations 14635:Literature and culture 14597:Army Burn Hall College 14500:National University of 14465:National University of 14026:Corps-level formations 13928:Judge Advocate General 13897:Chief of General Staff 13589:Awards and decorations 12399:Neoclassical economics 11910:Gulf of Sidra incident 11467:1969 Libyan revolution 11158:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 10943:1954 Geneva Conference 10703:Turkish straits crisis 10698:Corfu Channel incident 10340:Presidents of Pakistan 10272:West Pakistan (former) 10215:East Pakistan (former) 9777:Pakistan Peoples Party 9756:Geneva Accords signing 9563:Pakistan Peoples Party 9547:Mohajir Qaumi Movement 9532:Pakistan Muslim League 9477:Iftikhar Ahmad Sirohey 9462:Aftab Ghulam Nabi Kazi 9365:Personnel and Staffers 9317:Pakistan film industry 8744:Hussain, Syed (2000). 8441:, Carnegie Endowment, 8337:ratchakitcha.soc.go.th 8095:"Nawaz must apologise" 6965:Salim, Arskal (2008). 6714:Kepel, Gilles (2002). 6509:Shamim, Anwar (2010). 5656:Opium : a history 5652:Booth, Martin (1999). 5625:Mohammad Asghar Khan. 3993:Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam 3954:Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War 3942:Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War 3926:Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War 3914:Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War 3789:Awards and decorations 3778:action-thriller movie 3659:managed float policies 3604: 3580: 3565: 3505: 3397: 3193:Traditional religious 2967: 2952: 2910: 2758:, Iran, and communist 2659: 2618:Indian nuclear program 2551:nuclear energy project 2487:Iraqi invasion of Iran 2373: 2286: 2055:Parliament of Pakistan 2013:Presidency (1978–1988) 1900: 1660: 1574: 1501:Tajammul Hussain Malik 1443:Pakistan Peoples Party 1330:, Abdul Majeed Malik, 1258:Palestinian insurgents 1182:Imperial Japanese Army 1097: 931:in 1985 and appointed 929:non-partisan elections 843:Jordanian Armed Forces 15897:People from Jalandhar 15659:Khalid Mehmood Soomro 15644:Arif Hussain Hussaini 15318:Muslim National Guard 15185:Ahle Sunnat, Pakistan 14983:Islami Chhatra Shibir 14216:Military Intelligence 14096:Pakistan Army Reserve 13935:Quartermaster-General 13809:President of Pakistan 13440:Joint Chiefs of Staff 13365:President of Pakistan 13339:Pakistan Armed Forces 13249:Russia–NATO relations 13130:Jonathan Reed Winkler 12414:Democratic capitalism 12409:Supply-side economics 12377:American conservatism 12176:Breakup of Yugoslavia 12065:Bougainville conflict 11980:South Yemen civil war 11915:Martial law in Poland 11778:Nicaraguan Revolution 11753:Dirty War (Argentina) 11560:1971 JVP insurrection 11374:Years of Lead (Italy) 11252:North Yemen civil war 11170:Berlin Crisis of 1961 11146:Albanian–Soviet split 11078:1959 Tibetan uprising 11043:Syrian Crisis of 1957 10898:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 10758:1948 Arab–Israeli War 9821:Reagan Administration 9814:Carter administration 9712:Divergence with Libya 9183:Doctrine of necessity 9148:President of Pakistan 9073:President of Pakistan 9039:Ali Ahmed Khan Talpur 9029:Ali Ahmed Khan Talpur 8912:. London: L. Cooper. 8684:Duncan, Emma (1989). 8374:: 7. 23 January 1982. 7994:"Zia ul Haq's legacy" 7992:Kapur, Ashok (1991). 7675:The Los Angeles Times 6301:Mir, Furrukh (2011). 6120:Judiciary of Pakistan 6048:"The Carter Doctrine" 5831:"The Eight Amendment" 5712:Khan, Roedad (1997). 5182:"Zulfikar Ali Bhutto" 5157:"Zulfikar Ali Bhutto" 4379:Military dictatorship 4254:General Service Medal 4209:Order of Independence 4125:General Service Medal 4055:Order of Independence 3649:figure in Pakistan's 3640:Pakistani nationalism 3600: 3578: 3563: 3488: 3395: 3371:Zia promised to hold 2992:Among Sunni Muslims, 2957: 2941: 2906: 2752:nuclear proliferation 2746:Nuclear proliferation 2673:Iraqi nuclear program 2642: 2453:Socialist Afghanistan 2368: 2323:American conservatism 2276: 1986:Chairman Joint Chiefs 1891: 1884:Martial law governors 1739:doctrine of necessity 1735:Doctrine of Necessity 1704:or the legitimacy of 1655: 1586:Pakistan Armed Forces 1556: 1540:The coup (codenamed " 1534:Further information: 1517:Military Intelligence 1468:(PNA). Bhutto called 1095: 1075:St. Stephen's College 1026:Early life and family 1012:democracy in Pakistan 1010:and his weakening of 1008:religious intolerance 911:stance and aided the 853:and was appointed as 784:president of Pakistan 659:President of Pakistan 471:Years of service 397:St. Stephen's College 83:President of Pakistan 15714:Maulana Sardar Ahmad 15609:Muhammad Taqi Usmani 15594:Motiur Rahman Nizami 15514:Mian Tufail Mohammad 15484:Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi 15414:Maulana Sardar Ahmad 15363:Peer Jamaat Ali Shah 15204:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam 15110:Jamaat-e-Islami Hind 15055:Al Jamiatul Ashrafia 14733:The Glorious Resolve 14622:Military College Sui 14590:Preparatory colleges 14546:DHA Suffa University 14475:Army Medical College 14165:Administrative corps 13879:General Headquarters 13463:Chief of Naval Staff 12670:Non-Aligned Movement 12292:Peaceful coexistence 12246:North Borneo dispute 12161:German reunification 12156:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 11854:Salvadoran Civil War 11803:Grand Mosque seizure 11798:Yemenite War of 1979 11690:Mozambican Civil War 11645:Carnation Revolution 11600:Yemenite War of 1972 11538:1970 Polish protests 11369:1967 Hong Kong riots 11344:Argentine Revolution 11294:Guatemalan Civil War 11222:Cuban Missile Crisis 11136:Bay of Pigs Invasion 11008:1956 Poznań protests 10986:Geneva Summit (1955) 10588:Hukbalahap Rebellion 10567:Non-Aligned Movement 9931:Desai administration 9739:Operation Brasstacks 9583:Awami National Party 9502:Karamat Rahman Niazi 9402:Sahabzada Yaqub Khan 9377:Muhammad Khan Junejo 9339:Anti-Narcotics Force 9066:Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry 9056:Muhammad Khan Junejo 8390:Kux, Dennis (2001). 8286:on 24 September 2015 8175:Global Village Space 7775:. 22 December 2023. 7527:. London. p. 40 7328:"Lollywood goes pop" 7060:. DIANE Publishing. 6891:Talbot, Ian (1998). 6857:Talbot, Ian (1998). 6748:Talbot, Ian (1998). 5901:Talbot, Ian (1998). 5852:Talbot, Ian (1998). 5784:24, n.2 (1982), p.85 5746:Talbot, Ian (1998). 5346:Talbot, Ian (1998). 5180:US Country Studies. 5155:US Country Studies. 5141:on 23 February 2006. 5047:3 March 2016 at the 4920:. Psychology Press. 4774:on 28 September 2011 4364:Politics of Pakistan 3738:Charlie Wilson's War 3291:improve this section 3144:Blasphemy ordinances 3127:according to critics 3102:was passed in 2006. 2949:General Zia-ul-Haq, 2505:on 27 September and 2335:Islamic conservatism 2193:Muhammad Khan Junejo 2092:were intellectuals, 2034:Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry 1944:Balochistan Province 1631:Karamat Rahman Niazi 1623:Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry 1599:Chief of Naval Staff 1564:General Zia-ul-Haq, 1428:Balochistan Province 1420:National Awami Party 1348:Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry 1326:, Azmat Baksh Awan, 1110:Muhammad Ijaz-ul-Haq 945:economic stagflation 861:, by prime minister 162:Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry 118:Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry 15892:Pakistani Islamists 15832:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 15694:Nurul Islam Farooqi 15674:Sanaullah Amritsari 15634:Javed Ahmad Ghamidi 15574:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 15544:Mohammad Ali Jouhar 15539:Ziya-ur-Rahman Azmi 15524:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 15353:Habibullah Qurayshi 15348:Abdul Wahid Bengali 15255:Shaheed Ganj Mosque 15115:Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind 15100:Darul Uloom Deoband 15030:Islami Chhatra Sena 14883:Islam in South Asia 14687:Alpha Bravo Charlie 14571:Northern University 14490:Wah Medical College 14117:Administrative arms 13932:Comptroller-General 13892:Chief of Army Staff 13805:Commander-in-Chief 13715:Bangladesh genocide 13683:Shaheen (Air Force) 13453:Chief of Army Staff 13361:Commander-in-Chief 13115:Alex von Tunzelmann 13105:Vladimir Tismăneanu 13030:Thomas J. McCormick 13025:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 12925:Robert Hugh Ferrell 12788:Crusade for Freedom 12585:Illiberal democracy 12469:Ho Chi Minh Thought 12272:Eisenhower Doctrine 12125:Peaceful Revolution 12120:Romanian Revolution 12100:Revolutions of 1989 12085:1988 Polish strikes 11995:Operation INFEKTION 11990:1987 Lieyu massacre 11895:Eritrean Civil Wars 11878:Peruvian Revolution 11828:1979 Herat uprising 11818:Sino-Vietnamese War 11783:Uganda–Tanzania War 11763:Egyptian–Libyan War 11730:Third Indochina War 11725:Sino-Albanian split 11715:Ethiopian Civil War 11615:Eritrean Civil Wars 11555:Ping-pong diplomacy 11528:Cambodian Civil War 11354:Korean DMZ Conflict 11339:Cultural Revolution 11309:Dominican Civil War 11287:Tlatelolco massacre 11073:1959 Mosul uprising 11063:1958 Lebanon crisis 10790:Al-Wathbah uprising 10713:First Indochina War 10683:Iran crisis of 1946 10073:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 10067:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 9844:Thatcher government 9588:Mazdoor Kisan Party 9452:Arnold Lewis Raphel 9422:Sharifuddin Pirzada 9392:Akhtar Abdur Rahman 9245:1980s economic boom 9230:Mass media industry 9223:Pakistan Penal Code 9158:Chief of Army Staff 9046:Minister of Defence 9019:Minister of Defence 9012:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 8987:Chief of Army Staff 8960:Army Armoured Corps 8949:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 8797:. London: Penguin. 8570:Arif, Khalid Mahmud 8548:Arif, Khalid Mahmud 7942:. London : Tauris. 7850:"Zia's Long Shadow" 7622:. AP. 16 April 1982 7472:30 May 2005 at the 7431:aviation-safety.net 7043:. pp. 198–199. 7008:Ian Talbot (1998). 6822:, pp. 216–217. 6453:The Express Tribune 6282:on 1 September 2022 5805:on 24 November 2010 5633:on 4 September 2012 5428:on 11 February 2012 5109:Story of Pakistan. 4828:. 11 February 2013. 4748:on 19 November 2011 4722:on 19 November 2011 4644:on 18 December 2011 4597:on 19 November 2011 4240:War Medal 1939-1945 4005:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 3445:Arnold Lewis Raphel 3437:Akhtar Abdur Rahman 3189:Madrassa expansions 2964:Nusrat Bhutto, < 2646:atomic bomb project 2630:atomic bomb project 2422:Akhtar Abdur Rahman 2401:American president 2396:invaded Afghanistan 2356:US Attorney General 2319:John William Vessey 2295:Zbigniew Brzezinski 2170:election commission 2112:, corporate leader 2110:Sharifuddin Perzada 1978:Chief of Army Staff 1892:Zia presenting the 1843:to appoint Justice 1755:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 1625:to appoint General 1578:Chief of Army Staff 1566:statement given to 1542:Operation Fair Play 1536:Operation Fair Play 1524:Syed Mohammad Ahsan 1451:Ghulam Mustafa Khar 1418:and his opposition 1405:Pre-coup grievances 1353:Pakistani academic 1154:British Indian Army 986:. He is praised by 972:Pakistan's politics 889:atomic bomb project 867:Operation Fair Play 863:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 855:Chief of Army Staff 815:British Indian Army 805:and trained at the 792:Chief of Army Staff 780:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 698:Ojhri Camp disaster 597:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 515:Chief of Army Staff 457:British Indian Army 265:(as Prime Minister) 250:(as Prime Minister) 247:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 185:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 48:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 15887:Pakistani generals 15689:Fazlul Haque Amini 15669:Ehsan Elahi Zaheer 15654:Syed Nazeer Husain 15639:Qazi Hussain Ahmad 15569:Shah Ahmad Noorani 15459:Shah Ahmad Noorani 15199:Jamiat Ahle Hadith 15183:Tanzeem-ul-Madaris 15172:Jamaat Ahle Sunnat 15156:Tanzeem ul Madaris 14761:Delta Echo Foxtrot 14539:Other universities 14283:Army Welfare Trust 14260:Civil Armed Forces 14124:Infantry regiments 13924:Accountant-General 13869:Defence Production 13640:Business interests 13603:Ranks and insignia 13563:Civil Armed Forces 13458:Chief of Air Staff 13430:Defence Production 13269:Russian Revolution 13065:Mary Elise Sarotte 13050:William B. Pickett 12975:Patrick J. Hearden 12955:Gabriel Gorodetsky 12950:Timothy Garton Ash 12935:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 12530:Ethnic nationalism 12282:Hallstein Doctrine 12166:Yemeni unification 11955:1985 Geneva Summit 11920:Casamance conflict 11823:New Jewel Movement 11808:Iranian Revolution 11793:Chadian–Libyan War 11740:Cambodian conflict 11720:Lebanese Civil War 11710:Western Sahara War 11685:June 1976 protests 11680:Cambodian genocide 11445:17 July Revolution 11399:Nigerian Civil War 11314:Rhodesian Bush War 11299:Colombian conflict 11242:Ramadan Revolution 10981:Bandung Conference 10857:Operation Valuable 10738:Partition of India 10182:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 10150:Abdul Qadir Baloch 10110:Ghulam Jilani Khan 9417:Ghulam Jilani Khan 9412:Khalid Mahmud Arif 9329:1981 PIA hijacking 9129:General Zia-ul-Haq 9004:Political offices 8956:Colonel Commandant 8688:. Michael Joseph. 8476:Zaeef, Abdul Salam 7998:Pakistan in crisis 7652:, p. 172-173. 7304:Guardian Unlimited 6253:Strategic Analysis 6220:"Tricky diplomacy" 6100:on 14 January 2012 6094:The New York Times 5459:Saudi Press Agency 5382:on 9 February 2012 5329:Strategic Analysis 5072:on 7 December 2023 4897:3 May 2013 at the 4537:The Rediff Special 4118:War Medal1939-1945 3632:war in Afghanistan 3612:Master of Illusion 3581: 3566: 3416:Bahawalpur Airport 3398: 3379:had returned from 3366:Khalistan movement 3183:cognizable offense 3140:five times a day. 3016:Canadian-Pakistani 2706:Operation Sentinel 2703:. Shamim launched 2701:Pakistan Air Force 2685:Chief of Air Staff 2287: 2164:After holding the 1901: 1845:Sheikh Anwarul Haq 1797:Martial law judges 1607:Chief of Air Staff 1582:Khalid Mahmud Arif 1530:1977 military coup 1499:and Major-General 1493:Chief of Air Staff 1459:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1336:Lieutenant-General 1332:Ghulam Jilani Khan 1309:Lieutenant-General 1299:Lieutenant General 1216:United States Army 1189:partition of India 1098: 901:Pakistan's economy 827:partition of India 817:and fought in the 623:Zia administration 418:Master of Illusion 15847:Pakistani Salafis 15819: 15818: 15813: 15812: 15766:Hudood Ordinances 15756:Direct Action Day 15734:Sultan Zauq Nadvi 15709:Sheikh Ahmadullah 15664:Siddiq Hasan Khan 15564:Abul A'la Maududi 15534:Ubaidullah Sindhi 15519:Ashraf Ali Thanwi 15444:Shah Turab ul Haq 15399:Ahmad Saeed Kazmi 15331: 15330: 15015:Islami Oikya Jote 14849: 14848: 14775: 14774: 14630: 14629: 14576:University of Wah 14391: 14390: 14248: 14247: 14112: 14111: 13949: 13948: 13915:Engineer-in-Chief 13750: 13749: 13691: 13690: 13635: 13634: 13551: 13550: 13543:Armed Forces Band 13473: 13472: 13300: 13299: 13287:List of conflicts 13135:Rudolph Winnacker 13080:Giles Scott-Smith 13055:Ronald E. Powaski 13010:Melvyn P. Leffler 12940:John Lewis Gaddis 12915:Robert D. English 12880:Warren H. Carroll 12870:Michael Beschloss 12839:Nuclear arms race 12820: 12819: 12726:Neues Deutschland 12628: 12627: 12610:White nationalism 12580:Liberal democracy 12317:Ulbricht Doctrine 12307:Brezhnev Doctrine 12115:Velvet Revolution 11859:Soviet–Afghan War 11675:Angolan Civil War 11472:Goulash Communism 11329:ASEAN Declaration 11282:Mexican Dirty War 11180:Annexation of Goa 11131:1960 U-2 incident 11105:Sino-Soviet split 11083:Laotian Civil War 10923:Bricker Amendment 10903:Mau Mau rebellion 10847:Malayan Emergency 10835:Chinese Civil War 10795:Tito–Stalin split 10649:Division of Korea 10473: 10472: 10390:Ghulam Ishaq Khan 10306: 10305: 10085: 9992: 9991: 9956: 9955: 9862:Afghan mujahideen 9746:Co-founding SAARC 9705:Operation Cyclone 9667: 9666: 9659: 9382:Ghulam Ishaq Khan 9089: 9088: 9083:Ghulam Ishaq Khan 9080:Succeeded by 9053:Succeeded by 9026:Succeeded by 8994:Succeeded by 8967:Succeeded by 8941:Military offices 8850:978-1-86207-650-1 8826:978-0-19-579769-5 8804:978-0-14-014334-8 8725:Hussain, Mushahid 8695:978-0-7181-2989-7 8676:978-0-87113-854-5 8652:978-1-59420-007-6 8645:. Penguin Books. 8605:978-0-670-08280-3 8539:978-1-905422-29-6 8491:978-1-84-904152-2 8468:978-81-7017-253-6 8448:978-0-87003-285-1 8318:978-0-307-26807-5 8231:978-0-8157-2585-5 8206:978-0-8157-2585-5 8154:. 24 April 2018. 8007:978-0-415-00062-8 7949:978-1-86064-169-5 7856:. Dawn Newspapers 7468:, 22 April 1996 7466:Business Recorder 7406:on 23 August 2015 7173:978-81-321-1632-5 7141:on 9 October 2011 7135:"Rape of the Law" 7067:978-0-7881-3631-3 7021:978-0-312-21606-1 6984:978-0-8248-3237-7 6936:, pp. 16–17. 6617:Missing or empty 6547:Missing or empty 6520:978-969-402-540-7 6362:978-969-8500-00-9 6148:978-0-8047-5085-1 6064:978-1-101-19768-4 6029:978-1-59420-007-6 5884:978-0-395-73097-3 5772:| 3 January 2013) 5725:978-0-19-577776-5 5671:978-0-312-20667-3 5594:978-0-8047-5085-1 5539:978-1-57607-713-9 5498:Missing or empty 5030:on 27 April 2013. 5024:DAWN Wire Service 4825:Business Recorder 4287: 4286: 4145: 4144: 4038:Tamgha-e-Jamhuria 3905: 3904: 3735:in the 2007 film 3543:industrialisation 3480:Ghulam Ishaq Khan 3449:Ghulam Ishaq Khan 3373:elections in 1988 3327: 3326: 3319: 3244:Nadeem F. Paracha 3209:Cultural policies 2985:who followed the 2727:deliberately deny 2669:Israeli Air Force 2607:Nuclear diplomacy 2555:Engineer-in-Chief 2543:Abdul Qadeer Khan 2426:Operation Cyclone 2387:Soviet–Afghan War 2381:Soviet–Afghan War 2311:Michael Pillsbury 2203:, which granted " 2177:general elections 2130:Ghulam Ishaq Khan 1948:Baloch insurgency 1874:Lahore High Court 1872:Chief Justice of 1830:western countries 1783:Lahore High Court 1781:as passed by the 1611:Zulfikar Ali Khan 1597:Immediately, the 1570: 1509:Naseerullah Babar 1497:Zulfiqar Ali Khan 1447:Ahmed Raza Kasuri 1424:National Assembly 1201:communal violence 949:general elections 907:, Zia adopted an 893:industrialization 777: 776: 605: 604: 570: 569: 558:Soviet–Afghan War 130:Ghulam Ishaq Khan 16:(Redirected from 15974: 15224:Tehrik-e-Jafaria 15219:Tanzeem-e-Islami 15005:Khelafat Majlish 14935: 14934: 14876: 14869: 14862: 14853: 14852: 14841: 14840: 14817:Defence Industry 14639: 14638: 14551:HITEC University 14467:Medical Sciences 14407:Service training 14404: 14403: 14339:Fauji Foundation 14309: 14308: 14121: 14120: 14038:Strategic Forces 13967: 13966: 13957: 13941:Serving Generals 13920:Surveyor-General 13910:Adjutant-General 13847: 13846: 13815:Chief Executive 13790: 13788: 13787: 13777: 13770: 13763: 13754: 13753: 13729: 13728: 13658: 13657: 13600: 13599: 13523:Public Relations 13508: 13507: 13408: 13407: 13371:Chief Executive 13337: 13327: 13320: 13313: 13304: 13303: 13045:David S. Painter 12970:John Earl Haynes 12900:Nicholas J. Cull 12885:Adrian Cioroianu 12865:Thomas A. Bailey 12812:Voice of America 12703: 12702: 12615:White separatism 12595:Social democracy 12590:Guided democracy 12570:Authoritarianism 12520:Ultranationalism 12510:Anti-imperialism 12437:Marxism–Leninism 12350: 12349: 12337:Kinmen Agreement 12302:Johnson Doctrine 12287:Kennedy Doctrine 12203:Frozen conflicts 12186:1991 August Coup 12075:Afghan Civil War 11970:Reykjavík Summit 11965:Somali Rebellion 11905:Ugandan Bush War 11883:Gdańsk Agreement 11404:Protests of 1968 11384:War of Attrition 11093:Cuban Revolution 11029:We will bury you 10996:Cyprus Emergency 10976:Kashmir Princess 10966:Jebel Akhdar War 10815:Western betrayal 10500: 10493: 10486: 10477: 10476: 10458: 10352: 10333: 10326: 10319: 10310: 10309: 10081: 10079:Pervez Musharraf 10032: 10025: 10018: 10009: 10008: 9996: 9995: 9984: 9980: 9972: 9968: 9967: 9947: 9940: 9933: 9919: 9905: 9891: 9876:Opposed entities 9846: 9830: 9823: 9816: 9801:Aligned entities 9678: 9677: 9658: 9655: 9646: 9522: 9521: 9432:Munir Ahmad Khan 9407:Mohammad Shariff 9387:Mirza Aslam Baig 9162: 9159: 9152: 9149: 9144: 9130: 9125: 9116: 9109: 9102: 9093: 9092: 9063:Preceded by 9036:Preceded by 9009:Preceded by 8977:Preceded by 8946:Preceded by 8938: 8937: 8923: 8904: 8888: 8877: 8854: 8835:Sardar, Ziauddin 8830: 8808: 8786: 8774: 8763: 8740: 8720: 8699: 8680: 8656: 8644: 8630: 8609: 8587: 8565: 8543: 8515: 8494: 8471: 8451: 8428: 8407: 8376: 8375: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8344: 8338: 8332: 8323: 8322: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8282:. Archived from 8272: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8252:. Archived from 8242: 8236: 8235: 8217: 8211: 8210: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8166: 8160: 8159: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8117: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8091: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8061:. 21 March 2016. 8051: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8014: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7973:on 16 March 2013 7963: 7954: 7953: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7910: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7845: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7647: 7641: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7612: 7606: 7598:by Nigel Kelly. 7593: 7587: 7586: 7581: 7579: 7556: 7546: 7540: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7520: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7482: 7476: 7460: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7405: 7398: 7390: 7384: 7383: 7377: 7375: 7366:. Archived from 7355: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7334:on 26 April 2011 7324: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7274: 7268: 7259: 7253: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7131: 7125: 7124: 7112: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7078: 7072: 7071: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7005: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6991: 6972: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6920: 6919: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6829: 6823: 6817: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6775: 6766: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6711: 6700: 6699: 6679: 6668: 6658: 6649: 6642: 6636: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6620: 6615: 6613: 6605: 6601: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6578:on 1 April 2004. 6563: 6557: 6556: 6550: 6545: 6543: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6506: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6474: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6348: 6319: 6318: 6298: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6281: 6275:. Archived from 6250: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6215: 6209: 6208:, pp. 35–36 6203: 6194: 6193: 6183: 6177: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6112:Salvador Allende 6107: 6105: 6096:. Archived from 6085: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6052: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6017: 6004: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5941: 5939: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5898: 5889: 5888: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5826: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5801:. 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Archived from 5131: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5115: 5106: 5095: 5090:Husain Haqqani, 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5062: 5056: 5055:, September 2001 5038: 5032: 5031: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5000: 4994: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4911: 4905: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4593:. 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Shultz 3362:Siachen conflict 3322: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3302: 3271: 3263: 3128: 3073:stoning to death 3059:stoning to death 3039:Hudood Ordinance 3033:Hudood Ordinance 3027:Hudood Ordinance 2965: 2950: 2820:Muhammad Juneijo 2789:Pervez Musharraf 2677:Indian Air Force 2657: 2626:Foreign Minister 2539:Munir Ahmad Khan 2464:State capitalism 2414:Director-General 2331:Republican Party 2263:finance ministry 2252:national economy 2201:Eighth Amendment 2002:Tarik Kamal Khan 1982:Mohammad Shariff 1898:Shamim Alam Khan 1832:, excluding the 1811:appointments of 1761:In the words of 1706:Liaquat Ali Khan 1619:Muhammad Shariff 1603:Mohammad Shariff 1572: 1565: 1387: 1320:Muhammad Shariff 1223:Fort Leavenworth 1174:Malayan campaign 1166:Second World War 1143:Military service 1006:, his purported 1004:press censorship 1000:authoritarianism 992:desecularization 937:Eighth Amendment 913:Afghan mujahidin 825:. Following the 823:Second World War 801:Zia was born in 786:from 1978 until 769: 762: 755: 737: 636:Hudud Ordinances 601: 600: 598: 591: 583: 576: 575: 572: 571: 531:Second World War 424:Military service 370: 368: 313: 289: 287: 275:Personal details 258: 243: 234: 213: 201: 178: 148: 126: 114: 102: 93: 69: 59: 58: 39: 38: 21: 15982: 15981: 15977: 15976: 15975: 15973: 15972: 15971: 15852:Black September 15822: 15821: 15820: 15815: 15814: 15809: 15790: 15749: 15738: 15724:Asjad Raza Khan 15679:Abul Kalam Azad 15624:Jalaluddin Umri 15529:Mahmud al-Hasan 15504:Syed Hayatullah 15474:Arshadul Qaudri 15429:Ibrahim Chatuli 15424:Asjad Raza Khan 15409:Amjad Ali Aazmi 15373:Hamid Raza Khan 15368:Abdullahil Baqi 15327: 15323:Tablighi Jamaat 15303:Jamaat ul-Fuqra 15293:Jamaat-e-Islami 15238: 15139: 15041: 14995:Hefazat-e-Islam 14966: 14926: 14885: 14880: 14850: 14845: 14831: 14771: 14720: 14674: 14626: 14585: 14534: 14501: 14494: 14466: 14459: 14441: 14423: 14399: 14397: 14387: 14378:Army Basketball 14366: 14333: 14307: 14275: 14269: 14244: 14221:Military Police 14160: 14108: 14084: 14058: 14021: 13963:Combat commands 13958: 13945: 13901:Surgeon-General 13873: 13845: 13794: 13785: 13783: 13781: 13751: 13746: 13719: 13687: 13656: 13631: 13598: 13577: 13547: 13538:Nursing Service 13528:Selection Board 13506: 13469: 13434: 13406: 13350: 13341: 13331: 13301: 13296: 13273: 13264:Second Cold War 13222: 13150: 13144: 13120:Odd Arne Westad 13110:Patrick Vaughan 13095:Athan Theoharis 13075:Ellen Schrecker 13060:Yakov M. Rabkin 13035:Timothy Naftali 12980:Tvrtko Jakovina 12965:Jussi Hanhimäki 12848: 12826: 12816: 12794:Paix et Liberté 12769: 12713:Active measures 12694: 12624: 12605:White supremacy 12565:Totalitarianism 12493: 12418: 12341: 12327:Reagan Doctrine 12322:Carter Doctrine 12262:Truman Doctrine 12250: 12197: 12129: 12024:Soviet reaction 11935:Ndogboyosoi War 11842: 11813:Saur Revolution 11640:1973 oil crisis 11605:Munich massacre 11513:Alcora Exercise 11508:Black September 11486: 11232:Sino-Indian War 11126:Simba rebellion 11109: 10953:Capture of the 10861: 10800:Berlin Blockade 10733:May 1947 crises 10723:Truman Doctrine 10688:Greek Civil War 10677:Blacklist Forty 10644:Gouzenko Affair 10631:Cursed soldiers 10583:Morgenthau Plan 10571: 10509: 10504: 10474: 10469: 10459: 10450: 10353: 10342: 10337: 10307: 10302: 10267: 10210: 10177: 10154: 10137:F.S. Khan Lodhi 10130:Rahimuddin Khan 10113: 10088: 10041: 10036: 10001: 9993: 9988: 9983:Portal:Pakistan 9982: 9970: 9952: 9943: 9936: 9929: 9915: 9901: 9887: 9871: 9842: 9826: 9819: 9812: 9796: 9765: 9734:Operation Samba 9722:Operation Tupac 9682: 9673: 9663: 9656: 9642: 9605: 9599: 9551: 9542:Jamaat-e-Islami 9517: 9511: 9492:Zahid Ali Akbar 9487:Rahimuddin Khan 9360: 9255:Corporatization 9208:1984 Referendum 9165: 9157: 9155: 9147: 9142: 9140: 9132: 9128: 9123: 9120: 9090: 9085: 9076: 9068: 9058: 9049: 9041: 9031: 9022: 9014: 8999: 8997:Mirza Aslam Beg 8990: 8982: 8972: 8963: 8951: 8920: 8901: 8874: 8851: 8827: 8813:Mazari, Sherbaz 8805: 8791:Lamb, Christina 8783: 8760: 8717: 8696: 8677: 8653: 8627: 8606: 8584: 8562: 8540: 8512: 8492: 8469: 8449: 8433:Haqqani, Husain 8425: 8404: 8385: 8380: 8379: 8362: 8361: 8357: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8303: 8299: 8289: 8287: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8256:on 6 April 2016 8244: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8218: 8214: 8207: 8193: 8189: 8179: 8177: 8167: 8163: 8146: 8145: 8141: 8131: 8129: 8118: 8114: 8104: 8102: 8093: 8092: 8088: 8078: 8076: 8070: 8066: 8053: 8052: 8048: 8038: 8036: 8027: 8026: 8022: 8012: 8010: 8008: 7990: 7986: 7976: 7974: 7965: 7964: 7957: 7950: 7934: 7930: 7920: 7918: 7911: 7907: 7899: 7895: 7885: 7883: 7873: 7869: 7859: 7857: 7854:Dawn Newspapers 7846: 7839: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7799: 7795: 7785: 7783: 7773:Washington Post 7767: 7766: 7762: 7739:10.2307/2644587 7719: 7715: 7705: 7703: 7694: 7693: 7689: 7679: 7677: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7648: 7644: 7639: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7594: 7590: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7547: 7543: 7537: 7530: 7528: 7513: 7509: 7499: 7497: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7474:Wayback Machine 7461: 7457: 7449: 7445: 7435: 7433: 7423: 7419: 7409: 7407: 7403: 7396: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7373: 7371: 7370:on 2 April 2013 7356: 7347: 7337: 7335: 7326: 7325: 7318: 7308: 7306: 7296: 7292: 7284: 7277: 7269: 7262: 7254: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7215: 7211: 7201: 7199: 7198:on 5 April 2019 7186: 7185: 7181: 7174: 7158: 7154: 7144: 7142: 7133: 7132: 7128: 7118: 7113: 7106: 7096: 7094: 7093:(4): 1292, 1296 7079: 7075: 7068: 7052: 7048: 7033: 7029: 7022: 7006: 7002: 6996:zakat pakistan. 6989: 6987: 6985: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6944: 6940: 6932: 6923: 6889: 6885: 6877: 6873: 6855: 6851: 6841: 6839: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6818: 6805: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6777: 6776: 6769: 6761: 6757: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6712: 6703: 6696: 6680: 6671: 6659: 6652: 6643: 6639: 6634: 6630: 6618: 6616: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6595: 6587: 6583: 6564: 6560: 6548: 6546: 6537: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6521: 6507: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6475: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6432: 6430: 6429:. Sushil Khanna 6423: 6419: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6374: 6370: 6363: 6349: 6322: 6315: 6307:. : iUniverse. 6299: 6295: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6248: 6242: 6238: 6228: 6226: 6216: 6212: 6204: 6197: 6184: 6180: 6172: 6168: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6133: 6129: 6103: 6101: 6086: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6050: 6044: 6040: 6030: 6005: 5992: 5982: 5980: 5970: 5966: 5955: 5951: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5917: 5913: 5899: 5892: 5885: 5869: 5865: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5827: 5818: 5808: 5806: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5780: 5776: 5770:Wayback Machine 5759: 5755: 5744: 5733: 5726: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5683: 5679: 5672: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5623: 5600: 5587: 5583: 5572: 5567: 5563: 5551: 5547: 5540: 5524: 5511: 5499: 5497: 5488: 5487: 5480: 5476: 5463: 5461: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5431: 5429: 5411: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5368: 5355: 5344: 5340: 5326: 5325: 5304: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5277: 5273: 5265: 5261: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5240: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5206: 5199: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5153: 5146: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5107: 5098: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5053:Defence Journal 5049:Wayback Machine 5039: 5035: 5016: 5012: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4987: 4979: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4904:, February 2002 4902:Defence Journal 4899:Wayback Machine 4889: 4885: 4877: 4873: 4860: 4859: 4852: 4837: 4833: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4800:on 13 July 2011 4792: 4791: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4725: 4723: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4614: 4610: 4600: 4598: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4572: 4563: 4556:Dennis Hevesi, 4555: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4529: 4525: 4517: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4483: 4475: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4454:Herald Magazine 4446: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4344: 4339: 4337: 4332:Politics portal 4330: 4323: 4316: 4311: 4309: 4304:Pakistan portal 4302: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4222:United Kingdom 3966:Pakistan Tamgha 3931:(War Star 1971) 3919:(War Star 1965) 3791: 3693: 3670:Turki Al-Faisal 3622:supporting the 3586: 3573: 3572: 3523: 3515: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3465:flight recorder 3412:C-130B Hercules 3404: 3390: 3323: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3288: 3272: 3261: 3252: 3221:Western culture 3217: 3211: 3191: 3158:Islamic prophet 3146: 3126: 3122: 3035: 3029: 3023:85% Deobandis. 3020:Syed Soharwardy 2966: 2963: 2951: 2948: 2924:Jamaat-e-Islami 2891:Nizam-e-Mustafa 2883: 2877: 2868: 2815: 2793:nuclear program 2780:Mirza Aslam Beg 2748: 2723:nuclear opacity 2664:Operation Opera 2658: 2652: 2609: 2569:(PAEC) and the 2547:Zahid Ali Akbar 2535:Mubashir Hassan 2523: 2483: 2477: 2460:Socialist state 2389: 2383: 2378: 2376:Foreign affairs 2299:Henry Kissinger 2271: 2244:corporatisation 2240:nationalisation 2236:Zulfikar Bhutto 2228: 2222: 2216: 2214:Economic policy 2166:1984 referendum 2162: 2154:Main articles: 2152: 2138: 2136:1984 referendum 2078:Majlis-e-Shoora 2065: 2053:Main articles: 2051: 2046: 2030: 2025: 2017:Main articles: 2015: 1952:Chagai District 1936:Rahimuddin Khan 1886: 1813:senior justices 1805: 1799: 1794: 1751: 1727:military regime 1720: 1714: 1640: 1576:However, Zia's 1573: 1563: 1538: 1532: 1470:fresh elections 1409:Prime Minister 1407: 1402: 1304:II Strike Corps 1295: 1262:Black September 1254: 1150: 1145: 1036:Punjab Province 1028: 996:Western culture 933:Muhammad Junejo 891:and instituted 873:. Zia remained 839:Black September 773: 731: 707: 671:1984 referendum 655: 646:Economic policy 627: 596: 594: 593: 592: 589: 587: 562: 553:Black September 519: 510:II Strike Corps 495: 466: 445: 406: 372: 369: 1950) 364: 360: 315: 311: 297:Punjab Province 291: 285: 283: 262:Muhammad Junejo 256: 241: 235: 230: 217:Mirza Aslam Beg 211: 199: 194: 190:Muhammad Junejo 176: 171: 149: 144: 124: 112: 106:Muhammad Junejo 100: 94: 89: 72: 60: 55: 49: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15980: 15970: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15934: 15929: 15924: 15919: 15914: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15817: 15816: 15811: 15810: 15808: 15807: 15802: 15795: 15792: 15791: 15789: 15788: 15786:Noakhali riots 15783: 15778: 15773: 15771:Shah Bano case 15768: 15763: 15758: 15752: 15750: 15748: 15747: 15743: 15740: 15739: 15737: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15686: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15579:Fazl-ur-Rehman 15576: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15554:Muhammad Iqbal 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15439:Ahmad Sirhindi 15436: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15339: 15337: 15333: 15332: 15329: 15328: 15326: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15288:Hizb ut-Tahrir 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15267:Dawat e Islami 15264: 15258: 15252: 15246: 15244: 15240: 15239: 15237: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15216: 15211: 15206: 15201: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15180: 15175: 15169: 15164: 15161:Dawat e Islami 15158: 15153: 15147: 15145: 15141: 15140: 15138: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15091: 15090: 15082: 15077: 15071: 15065: 15060: 15059: 15058: 15049: 15047: 15043: 15042: 15040: 15039: 15034: 15033: 15032: 15022: 15017: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14991: 14990: 14985: 14974: 14972: 14968: 14967: 14965: 14964: 14963: 14962: 14952: 14950:Durrani Empire 14947: 14941: 14939: 14932: 14928: 14927: 14925: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14893: 14891: 14887: 14886: 14879: 14878: 14871: 14864: 14856: 14847: 14846: 14836: 14833: 14832: 14830: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14783: 14781: 14777: 14776: 14773: 14772: 14770: 14769: 14764: 14757: 14750: 14743: 14736: 14728: 14726: 14722: 14721: 14719: 14718: 14711: 14704: 14697: 14694:Burning Valley 14690: 14682: 14680: 14676: 14675: 14673: 14672: 14665: 14660: 14657:Crossed Swords 14653: 14645: 14643: 14636: 14632: 14631: 14628: 14627: 14625: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14607:Cadet Colleges 14604: 14599: 14593: 14591: 14587: 14586: 14584: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14542: 14540: 14536: 14535: 14533: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14506: 14504: 14496: 14495: 14493: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14471: 14469: 14461: 14460: 14458: 14457: 14451: 14449: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14439: 14433: 14431: 14425: 14424: 14422: 14421: 14416: 14410: 14408: 14401: 14393: 14392: 14389: 14388: 14386: 14385: 14380: 14374: 14372: 14368: 14367: 14365: 14364: 14362:Mari Petroleum 14359: 14354: 14349: 14343: 14341: 14335: 14334: 14332: 14331: 14328: 14323: 14317: 14315: 14306: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14279: 14277: 14271: 14270: 14268: 14267: 14265:National Guard 14262: 14256: 14254: 14250: 14249: 14246: 14245: 14243: 14242: 14237: 14234: 14231: 14226: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14195: 14192: 14187: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14168: 14166: 14162: 14161: 14159: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14141:Frontier Force 14138: 14133: 14127: 14125: 14118: 14114: 14113: 14110: 14109: 14107: 14106: 14105: 14104: 14101: 14092: 14090: 14086: 14085: 14083: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14066: 14064: 14063:Special Forces 14060: 14059: 14057: 14056: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14029: 14027: 14023: 14022: 14020: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13973: 13971: 13964: 13960: 13959: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13946: 13944: 13943: 13938: 13937: 13936: 13933: 13930: 13925: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13899: 13894: 13883: 13881: 13875: 13874: 13872: 13871: 13866: 13865: 13864: 13853: 13851: 13844: 13843: 13838: 13837: 13836: 13833: 13823: 13822: 13821: 13813: 13812: 13811: 13802: 13800: 13796: 13795: 13780: 13779: 13772: 13765: 13757: 13748: 13747: 13724: 13721: 13720: 13718: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13701: 13699: 13693: 13692: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13664: 13662: 13655: 13654: 13649: 13643: 13641: 13637: 13636: 13633: 13632: 13630: 13629: 13624: 13623: 13622: 13612: 13606: 13604: 13597: 13596: 13591: 13585: 13583: 13579: 13578: 13576: 13575: 13570: 13568:National Guard 13565: 13559: 13557: 13553: 13552: 13549: 13548: 13546: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13514: 13512: 13511:Inter-Services 13505: 13504: 13499: 13498: 13497: 13487: 13481: 13479: 13475: 13474: 13471: 13470: 13468: 13467: 13466: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13444: 13442: 13436: 13435: 13433: 13432: 13427: 13426: 13425: 13414: 13412: 13405: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13393: 13392: 13389: 13379: 13378: 13377: 13369: 13368: 13367: 13358: 13356: 13352: 13351: 13346: 13343: 13342: 13330: 13329: 13322: 13315: 13307: 13298: 13297: 13295: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13278: 13275: 13274: 13272: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13230: 13228: 13224: 13223: 13221: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13154: 13152: 13146: 13145: 13143: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13090:Timothy Snyder 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13020:Vojtech Mastny 13017: 13015:Geir Lundestad 13012: 13007: 13005:Walter Laqueur 13002: 13000:Walter LaFeber 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12930:André Fontaine 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12860:Gar Alperovitz 12856: 12854: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12830: 12828: 12822: 12821: 12818: 12817: 12815: 12814: 12809: 12803: 12802: 12797: 12790: 12785: 12777: 12775: 12771: 12770: 12768: 12767: 12760: 12755: 12748: 12741: 12736: 12729: 12722: 12715: 12709: 12707: 12700: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12636: 12634: 12630: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12600:Third-Worldism 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12501: 12499: 12495: 12494: 12492: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12428: 12426: 12420: 12419: 12417: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12389:Libertarianism 12386: 12381: 12380: 12379: 12369: 12367:Chicago school 12364: 12358: 12356: 12347: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12312:Nixon Doctrine 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12258: 12256: 12255:Foreign policy 12252: 12251: 12249: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12207: 12205: 12199: 12198: 12196: 12195: 12190: 12189: 12188: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12137: 12135: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12040:Operation RYAN 12037: 12032: 12027: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11945:Able Archer 83 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11891: 11890: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11861: 11856: 11850: 11848: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11695:Oromo conflict 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11635:Yom Kippur War 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11494: 11492: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11458: 11457: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11418: 11413: 11412: 11411: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11290: 11289: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11267:Aden Emergency 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11218: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11185:Papua conflict 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11166: 11165: 11155: 11154: 11153: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11117: 11115: 11111: 11110: 11108: 11107: 11102: 11101: 11100: 11090: 11088:Kitchen Debate 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11048:Sputnik crisis 11045: 11040: 11032: 11025: 11020: 11018:Polish October 11015: 11010: 11005: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10918:Pact of Madrid 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10873:Bamboo Curtain 10869: 10867: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10843: 10842: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10766: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10672: 10664: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10633: 10628: 10627: 10626: 10621: 10613: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10579: 10577: 10573: 10572: 10570: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10522: 10514: 10511: 10510: 10503: 10502: 10495: 10488: 10480: 10471: 10470: 10464: 10461: 10460: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10404: 10399: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10356: 10354: 10347: 10344: 10343: 10336: 10335: 10328: 10321: 10313: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10300: 10292: 10284: 10282:Attiqur Rahman 10275: 10273: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10265: 10263:A.A. Khan Nazi 10257: 10249: 10241: 10233: 10227: 10218: 10216: 10212: 10211: 10209: 10208: 10207:Jahan Dad Khan 10202: 10194: 10185: 10183: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10175: 10169: 10162: 10160: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10152: 10144: 10138: 10132: 10123: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10112: 10111: 10105: 10103:Attiqur Rahman 10096: 10094: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10086: 10075: 10069: 10064: 10058: 10051: 10049: 10043: 10042: 10035: 10034: 10027: 10020: 10012: 10006: 10003: 10002: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9986: 9974: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9948: 9941: 9934: 9922: 9921: 9920: 9908: 9907: 9906: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9879: 9877: 9873: 9872: 9870: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9848: 9847: 9838:United Kingdom 9834: 9833: 9832: 9831: 9824: 9817: 9804: 9802: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9773: 9771: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9742: 9741: 9736: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9714: 9709: 9708: 9707: 9697: 9692: 9686: 9684: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9662: 9661: 9649: 9648: 9647: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9609: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9596: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9570: 9565: 9559: 9557: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9528: 9526: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9509: 9507:Charlie Wilson 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9427:Joanne Herring 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9368: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9359: 9358: 9357: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9321: 9320: 9319: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9283: 9282: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9226: 9225: 9220: 9218:Women's rights 9215: 9210: 9200: 9195: 9193:Ascent by coup 9190: 9185: 9180: 9173: 9171: 9170:Administration 9167: 9166: 9164: 9163: 9153: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9119: 9118: 9111: 9104: 9096: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9078: 9069: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9054: 9051: 9042: 9037: 9033: 9032: 9027: 9024: 9015: 9010: 9006: 9005: 9001: 9000: 8995: 8992: 8983: 8978: 8974: 8973: 8970:Ali Jan Mehsud 8968: 8965: 8952: 8947: 8943: 8942: 8936: 8935: 8924: 8918: 8905: 8899: 8878: 8872: 8864:Vanguard Books 8855: 8849: 8831: 8825: 8809: 8803: 8787: 8781: 8764: 8758: 8741: 8721: 8715: 8700: 8694: 8681: 8675: 8657: 8651: 8631: 8625: 8610: 8604: 8592:Bhutto, Fatima 8588: 8582: 8566: 8560: 8544: 8538: 8516: 8510: 8495: 8490: 8472: 8467: 8452: 8447: 8429: 8423: 8408: 8402: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8355: 8339: 8324: 8317: 8297: 8267: 8237: 8230: 8212: 8205: 8187: 8161: 8139: 8120:Alam, Imtiaz. 8112: 8086: 8064: 8046: 8020: 8006: 7984: 7955: 7948: 7928: 7905: 7893: 7867: 7837: 7823: 7793: 7760: 7733:(8): 795–812. 7713: 7687: 7661: 7642: 7633: 7607: 7588: 7571: 7541: 7507: 7496:on 6 June 2011 7477: 7455: 7443: 7417: 7385: 7345: 7316: 7290: 7275: 7260: 7245: 7231: 7209: 7179: 7172: 7152: 7126: 7104: 7073: 7066: 7046: 7027: 7020: 7000: 6983: 6957: 6948:, p. 127. 6938: 6921: 6883: 6881:, p. 132. 6871: 6849: 6824: 6820:Wynbrandt 2009 6803: 6789: 6767: 6755: 6740: 6726: 6701: 6694: 6669: 6650: 6637: 6628: 6593: 6581: 6558: 6526: 6519: 6496: 6466: 6440: 6417: 6402: 6389:978-0804776011 6388: 6368: 6361: 6320: 6314:978-1450286459 6313: 6293: 6236: 6210: 6195: 6178: 6166: 6164:, p. 249. 6154: 6147: 6127: 6077: 6063: 6038: 6028: 5990: 5964: 5949: 5931: 5911: 5890: 5883: 5863: 5844: 5816: 5786: 5774: 5753: 5731: 5724: 5704: 5697: 5677: 5670: 5644: 5598: 5581: 5561: 5553:Wynbrandt 2009 5545: 5538: 5509: 5474: 5446: 5413:Khan, Roedad. 5405: 5393: 5353: 5338: 5302: 5283: 5271: 5259: 5247: 5238: 5229:, p. 111. 5219: 5210:, p. 110. 5197: 5172: 5144: 5126: 5096: 5094:(2010), p. 112 5083: 5057: 5033: 5010: 4995: 4985: 4940: 4926: 4906: 4883: 4881:, p. 121. 4871: 4868:. 16 May 1983. 4850: 4831: 4811: 4785: 4759: 4733: 4707: 4681: 4655: 4629: 4620: 4608: 4578: 4576:, p. 118. 4561: 4549: 4523: 4508: 4506:, p. 105. 4496: 4494:, p. 119. 4481: 4466: 4440: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4413:محمد ضیاء الحق 4399: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4354:Joanne Herring 4350: 4349: 4335: 4321: 4307: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4260: 4250: 4249: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4170: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4151:Foreign Awards 4143: 4142: 4121: 4114: 4107: 4090: 4089: 4082:Star of Jordan 4072: 4051: 4034: 4016: 4015: 3983: 3973:Pakistan Medal 3962: 3950: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3903: 3902: 3895: 3888: 3881: 3873: 3872: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3843: 3842: 3835: 3828: 3821: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3803: 3796: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3768: 3755: 3746:Mohammed Hanif 3742: 3729: 3722:from the show 3710: 3707:Salman Rushdie 3692: 3689: 3636:Pakistani rock 3626:, against the 3608:The Ringmaster 3585: 3582: 3524: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3496: 3441:Siddique Salik 3400:Main article: 3389: 3386: 3377:Benazir Bhutto 3325: 3324: 3275: 3273: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3213:Main article: 3210: 3207: 3190: 3187: 3178:Sha'ar-i-Islam 3145: 3142: 3121: 3118: 3031:Main article: 3028: 3025: 2987:Ja'fari school 2961: 2946: 2879:Main article: 2876: 2873: 2867: 2866:The war legacy 2864: 2854:under General 2814: 2811: 2747: 2744: 2667:– in which an 2654:Vernon Walters 2650: 2608: 2605: 2522: 2519: 2501:, Zia visited 2479:Main article: 2476: 2473: 2468:Charlie Wilson 2445:Andrei Gromyko 2385:Main article: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2345:(CIA) and the 2315:Gust Avrakotos 2307:Joanne Herring 2303:Charlie Wilson 2270: 2267: 2256:economic cycle 2218:Main article: 2215: 2212: 2151: 2148: 2137: 2134: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2029: 2026: 2014: 2011: 1980:, and Admiral 1924:Sindh Province 1894:Hilal-i-Imtiaz 1885: 1882: 1801:Main article: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1779:death sentence 1750: 1747: 1716:Main article: 1713: 1710: 1682:Political Wing 1639: 1636: 1561: 1531: 1528: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1355:Husain Haqqani 1322:, Akbar Khan, 1294: 1291: 1266:Jack O'Connell 1253: 1250: 1212:Guides Cavalry 1187:Following the 1170:Burma campaign 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1027: 1024: 970:Zia dominated 967:in Islamabad. 947:and announced 775: 774: 772: 771: 764: 757: 749: 746: 745: 730: 729: 722: 716: 715: 706: 705: 700: 695: 694: 693: 688: 678: 673: 668: 654: 653: 648: 643: 638: 626: 625: 620: 615: 607: 606: 603: 602: 590:a series about 586: 584: 568: 567: 564: 563: 561: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 539: 538: 527: 525: 521: 520: 518: 517: 512: 506: 504: 500: 499: 497:Armoured Corps 493:Guides Cavalry 490: 486: 485: 480: 476: 475: 472: 468: 467: 465: 464: 459: 453: 451: 450:Branch/service 447: 446: 444: 443: 438: 432: 430: 426: 425: 421: 420: 415:The Ringmaster 412: 408: 407: 405: 404: 399: 393: 391: 385: 384: 378: 374: 373: 362: 356: 355: 353: 349: 348: 339: 335: 334: 332:Aircraft crash 329: 325: 324: 314:(aged 64) 310:17 August 1988 308: 304: 303: 290:12 August 1924 281: 277: 276: 272: 271: 268: 267: 259: 253: 252: 244: 238: 237: 227: 226: 220: 219: 214: 208: 207: 202: 196: 195: 193: 192: 187: 181: 179: 177:Prime Minister 173: 172: 170: 169: 164: 158: 156: 152: 151: 141: 140: 133: 132: 127: 121: 120: 115: 109: 108: 103: 101:Prime Minister 97: 96: 86: 85: 78: 77: 74: 73: 70: 62: 61: 57:محمد ضیاء الحق 51: 50: 47: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15979: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15829: 15827: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15797: 15796: 15793: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15753: 15751: 15745: 15744: 15741: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15619:Safdar Nagori 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15340: 15338: 15334: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269:International 15268: 15265: 15262: 15259: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15247: 15245: 15241: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15200: 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15178:Sunni Tehreek 15176: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163:International 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15142: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15089: 15086: 15085: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15075: 15072: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15056: 15053: 15052: 15051: 15050: 15048: 15044: 15038: 15035: 15031: 15028: 15027: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14980: 14979: 14976: 14975: 14973: 14969: 14961: 14958: 14957: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14942: 14940: 14936: 14933: 14931:Organisations 14929: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14894: 14892: 14888: 14884: 14877: 14872: 14870: 14865: 14863: 14858: 14857: 14854: 14844: 14834: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14784: 14782: 14778: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14762: 14758: 14756: 14755: 14751: 14749: 14748: 14744: 14742: 14741: 14737: 14735: 14734: 14730: 14729: 14727: 14723: 14717: 14716: 14712: 14710: 14709: 14705: 14703: 14702: 14698: 14696: 14695: 14691: 14689: 14688: 14684: 14683: 14681: 14679:Dramatization 14677: 14671: 14670: 14669:Military Inc. 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14658: 14654: 14652: 14651: 14647: 14646: 14644: 14640: 14637: 14633: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14594: 14592: 14588: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14543: 14541: 14537: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14507: 14505: 14503: 14497: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14472: 14470: 14468: 14462: 14456: 14453: 14452: 14450: 14448: 14444: 14438: 14435: 14434: 14432: 14430: 14426: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14409: 14405: 14402: 14394: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14375: 14373: 14369: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14344: 14342: 14340: 14336: 14329: 14327: 14326:DHA Islamabad 14324: 14322: 14319: 14318: 14316: 14314: 14310: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14280: 14278: 14276:organisations 14272: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14257: 14255: 14251: 14241: 14238: 14236:Service Corps 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14169: 14167: 14163: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14128: 14126: 14122: 14119: 14115: 14102: 14099: 14098: 14097: 14094: 14093: 14091: 14087: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14061: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14030: 14028: 14024: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13974: 13972: 13968: 13965: 13961: 13956: 13942: 13939: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13889: 13888: 13885: 13884: 13882: 13880: 13876: 13870: 13867: 13863: 13860: 13859: 13858: 13855: 13854: 13852: 13848: 13842: 13839: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13828: 13827: 13824: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13814: 13810: 13807: 13806: 13804: 13803: 13801: 13797: 13793: 13792:Pakistan Army 13778: 13773: 13771: 13766: 13764: 13759: 13758: 13755: 13744: 13740: 13736: 13732: 13722: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13705:Establishment 13703: 13702: 13700: 13698: 13694: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13678:Bahria (Navy) 13676: 13674: 13673:Askari (Army) 13671: 13669: 13668:Fauji (Joint) 13666: 13665: 13663: 13659: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13644: 13642: 13638: 13628: 13625: 13621: 13618: 13617: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13607: 13605: 13601: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13586: 13584: 13580: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13558: 13554: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13515: 13513: 13509: 13503: 13500: 13496: 13493: 13492: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13482: 13480: 13476: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13450: 13449: 13446: 13445: 13443: 13441: 13437: 13431: 13428: 13424: 13421: 13420: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13413: 13409: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13384: 13383: 13380: 13376: 13373: 13372: 13370: 13366: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13359: 13357: 13353: 13349: 13344: 13340: 13336: 13328: 13323: 13321: 13316: 13314: 13309: 13308: 13305: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13279: 13276: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13254:War on terror 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13231: 13229: 13225: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13149:Espionage and 13147: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13100:Andrew Thorpe 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12995:Gabriel Kolko 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12960:Fred Halliday 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12945:Lloyd Gardner 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12905:Norman Davies 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12890:John Costello 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12851: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12825:Technological 12823: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12804: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12795: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12783: 12779: 12778: 12776: 12772: 12766: 12765: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12753: 12749: 12747: 12746: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12734: 12730: 12728: 12727: 12723: 12721: 12720: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12710: 12708: 12706:Pro-communist 12704: 12701: 12697: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12637: 12635: 12633:Organizations 12631: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12502: 12500: 12496: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12464: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12447:Eurocommunism 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12429: 12427: 12425: 12421: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12378: 12375: 12374: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12359: 12357: 12355: 12351: 12348: 12344: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12277:Domino theory 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12257: 12253: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12231:South Ossetia 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12206: 12204: 12200: 12194: 12191: 12187: 12184: 12183: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12132: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12025: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12015:8888 Uprising 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11960:Iran–Iraq War 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11925:Falklands War 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11889: 11886: 11885: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11845: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11788:NDF Rebellion 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11768:German Autumn 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11748: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11655:Metapolitefsi 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11550: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11495: 11493: 11489: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11456: 11453: 11452: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11424: 11419: 11417: 11416:Prague Spring 11414: 11410: 11407: 11406: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11394:Al-Wadiah War 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11359:12-3 incident 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11288: 11285: 11284: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11202: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11164: 11161: 11160: 11159: 11156: 11152: 11149: 11148: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11118: 11116: 11112: 11106: 11103: 11099: 11096: 11095: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11038: 11033: 11030: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11003: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10956: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10938:Domino theory 10936: 10934: 10933:Petrov Affair 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10864: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10841: 10838: 10837: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10810:Madiun Affair 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10770:Marshall Plan 10768: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10750: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10678: 10673: 10671: 10670: 10665: 10663: 10662: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10639: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10612: 10611: 10606: 10605: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10574: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10527: 10523: 10521: 10520: 10519:United States 10516: 10515: 10512: 10508: 10501: 10496: 10494: 10489: 10487: 10482: 10481: 10478: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10426: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10409: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10397: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10351: 10345: 10341: 10334: 10329: 10327: 10322: 10320: 10315: 10314: 10311: 10299: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10270: 10264: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10234: 10232:Muzaffaruddin 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10213: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10180: 10173: 10170: 10167: 10164: 10163: 10161: 10157: 10151: 10148: 10145: 10142: 10139: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10116: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10091: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10074: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10059: 10057: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10033: 10028: 10026: 10021: 10019: 10014: 10013: 10010: 10004: 9997: 9985: 9979: 9975: 9973: 9963: 9962: 9959: 9946: 9942: 9939: 9935: 9932: 9928: 9927: 9926: 9923: 9918: 9914: 9913: 9912: 9909: 9904: 9900: 9899: 9898: 9895: 9890: 9886: 9885: 9884: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9874: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9845: 9841: 9840: 9839: 9836: 9835: 9829: 9825: 9822: 9818: 9815: 9811: 9810: 9809: 9808:United States 9806: 9805: 9803: 9799: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9774: 9772: 9768: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9731: 9730: 9727: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9706: 9703: 9702: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9679: 9676: 9670: 9653: 9650: 9645: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9615: 9614: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9602: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9554: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9537: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9523: 9520: 9514: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9457:Mahbub-ul-Haq 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9363: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9326: 9325: 9322: 9318: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9260:8th Amendment 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9168: 9160: 9154: 9150: 9145: 9139: 9138: 9135: 9131: 9126: 9124:Presidency of 9117: 9112: 9110: 9105: 9103: 9098: 9097: 9094: 9084: 9075: 9074: 9067: 9061: 9057: 9048: 9047: 9040: 9034: 9030: 9021: 9020: 9013: 9007: 9002: 8998: 8989: 8988: 8981: 8975: 8971: 8962: 8961: 8957: 8950: 8944: 8939: 8933: 8932:0-8059-9594-3 8929: 8925: 8921: 8919:0-85052-267-6 8915: 8911: 8906: 8902: 8900:9780816061846 8896: 8892: 8887: 8886: 8879: 8875: 8873:9789694023670 8869: 8865: 8861: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8842: 8841: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8778: 8773: 8772: 8765: 8761: 8759:9789693510805 8755: 8751: 8747: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8716:9781349142088 8712: 8708: 8707: 8701: 8697: 8691: 8687: 8682: 8678: 8672: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8661:Crile, George 8658: 8654: 8648: 8643: 8642: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8626:9780890891261 8622: 8618: 8617: 8611: 8607: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8583:0-19-579396-X 8579: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8561:0-19-577570-8 8557: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8535: 8531: 8530:Seagull Books 8527: 8526: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8511:9781139445344 8507: 8503: 8502: 8496: 8493: 8487: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8473: 8470: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8453: 8450: 8444: 8440: 8439: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8424:9781107045460 8420: 8416: 8415: 8409: 8405: 8403:9780801865725 8399: 8395: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8373: 8369: 8365: 8359: 8351: 8350: 8343: 8336: 8331: 8329: 8320: 8314: 8310: 8309: 8301: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8271: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8241: 8233: 8227: 8223: 8216: 8208: 8202: 8198: 8191: 8176: 8172: 8165: 8158: 8153: 8149: 8143: 8127: 8123: 8116: 8100: 8096: 8090: 8075: 8068: 8060: 8056: 8050: 8034: 8033:The Economist 8030: 8024: 8009: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7988: 7972: 7968: 7962: 7960: 7951: 7945: 7941: 7940: 7932: 7916: 7909: 7902: 7897: 7882: 7878: 7871: 7855: 7851: 7844: 7842: 7826: 7824:9780190235185 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7797: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7764: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7717: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7676: 7672: 7665: 7657: 7651: 7646: 7637: 7621: 7617: 7611: 7605: 7604:1-901458-67-9 7601: 7597: 7592: 7585: 7574: 7572:9781550027365 7568: 7564: 7560: 7555: 7554: 7545: 7526: 7525: 7519: 7511: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7464: 7459: 7452: 7447: 7432: 7428: 7421: 7402: 7395: 7389: 7382: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7333: 7329: 7323: 7321: 7305: 7301: 7294: 7287: 7282: 7280: 7272: 7267: 7265: 7257: 7252: 7250: 7234: 7232:9780312234942 7228: 7224: 7220: 7213: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7183: 7175: 7169: 7165: 7164: 7156: 7140: 7136: 7130: 7122: 7117:, p. 144 7116: 7111: 7109: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7077: 7069: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7050: 7042: 7038: 7031: 7023: 7017: 7013: 7012: 7004: 6997: 6986: 6980: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6961: 6953: 6947: 6942: 6935: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6918: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6875: 6868: 6866: 6860: 6853: 6838: 6834: 6828: 6821: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6792: 6790:9781564320636 6786: 6782: 6781: 6774: 6772: 6765: 6759: 6751: 6744: 6729: 6727:9781845112578 6723: 6719: 6718: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6697: 6695:9789814282383 6691: 6687: 6686: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6657: 6655: 6647: 6641: 6632: 6624: 6611: 6600: 6598: 6590: 6585: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6562: 6554: 6541: 6530: 6522: 6516: 6512: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6484: 6480: 6473: 6471: 6455:. 20 May 2012 6454: 6450: 6444: 6428: 6421: 6413: 6406: 6391: 6385: 6381: 6380: 6372: 6364: 6358: 6354: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6316: 6310: 6306: 6305: 6297: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6225: 6224:The Economist 6221: 6214: 6207: 6202: 6200: 6191: 6190: 6182: 6176:, p. 95. 6175: 6170: 6163: 6158: 6150: 6144: 6140: 6139: 6131: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6082: 6066: 6060: 6056: 6051:(google book) 6049: 6042: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6015: 6009: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5979: 5975: 5968: 5960: 5953: 5946: 5934: 5932:9781851098019 5928: 5924: 5923: 5915: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5895: 5886: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5867: 5860: 5855: 5848: 5832: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5804: 5800: 5799:www.wluml.org 5796: 5790: 5783: 5778: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5757: 5749: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5727: 5721: 5717: 5716: 5708: 5700: 5698:9780786752102 5694: 5690: 5689: 5681: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5658: 5657: 5648: 5632: 5628: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5595: 5591: 5585: 5576: 5571:, p. 131 5570: 5565: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5541: 5535: 5531: 5530: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5505: 5492: 5485: 5478: 5471: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5443: 5441: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5397: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5349: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5298: 5293:, p. 126 5292: 5287: 5280: 5275: 5268: 5263: 5256: 5251: 5242: 5234: 5228: 5223: 5215: 5209: 5204: 5202: 5183: 5176: 5158: 5151: 5149: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5112: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5093: 5087: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5007:. p. 62. 5006: 4999: 4989: 4982: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4929: 4927:9781579583880 4923: 4919: 4918: 4910: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4887: 4880: 4875: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4855: 4846: 4842: 4835: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4815: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4624: 4618:, p. 275 4617: 4612: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4559: 4553: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4521:, p. 58. 4520: 4515: 4513: 4505: 4500: 4493: 4488: 4486: 4479:, p. 19. 4478: 4473: 4471: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4432: 4428: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4336: 4333: 4327: 4322: 4319: 4308: 4305: 4294: 4282: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4259: 4258:(World War 2) 4255: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4026:(Hijri Medal) 4023: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3994: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3909: 3908: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3783: 3782: 3781:Mission Majnu 3777: 3773: 3772:Ashwath Bhatt 3769: 3766: 3765:Fatima Bhutto 3762: 3761: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3712:In the comic 3711: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3699:In the novel 3698: 3697: 3696: 3688: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3599: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3577: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3535:Islamic state 3532: 3528: 3521: 3501: 3495: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3476:Faisal Mosque 3473: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3428:control tower 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3346:Geneva Accord 3341: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3321: 3318: 3310: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3276:This section 3274: 3270: 3265: 3264: 3256: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3240:1980s fashion 3236: 3234: 3230: 3229:film industry 3226: 3222: 3216: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3167: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3134: 3130: 3117: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3105:Although the 3103: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2960: 2956: 2945: 2940: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2810: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2712: 2711:Indira Gandhi 2708: 2707: 2702: 2699:jets for the 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2499:Islamic world 2496: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2475:Iran–Iraq War 2472: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2449:Yuri Andropov 2446: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2408: 2407:Ronald Reagan 2404: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2360: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2327:Ronald Reagan 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2279:Ronald Reagan 2275: 2266: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2221: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206:reserve power 2202: 2196: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2174:national wide 2171: 2167: 2161: 2157: 2147: 2144: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2118:Mahbub ul Haq 2115: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2024: 2020: 2010: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1998:Caramatt Nazi 1993: 1991: 1990:East-Pakistan 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866:Mushtak Ahmad 1861: 1858: 1857:Nusrat Bhutto 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1834:United States 1831: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1817:Supreme Court 1814: 1810: 1804: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1723:Nusrat Bhutto 1719: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648:parliamentary 1645: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1569: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1432:Hayat Sherpao 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1385: 1384:fi sabilillah 1382: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1328:Ibrahim Akram 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1243:Quartermaster 1240: 1237:. During the 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1197:Uttar Pradesh 1194: 1190: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1058:community of 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040:British India 1037: 1033: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 965:Faisal Mosque 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 925:Islamic world 922: 921:United States 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 877: 872: 868: 864: 860: 857:, succeeding 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 837:. During the 836: 832: 831:Pakistan Army 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 797: 796:Pakistan Army 793: 789: 785: 781: 770: 765: 763: 758: 756: 751: 750: 748: 747: 744: 742: 738: 736: 728: 727: 723: 721: 718: 717: 714: 713: 709: 708: 704: 703:Zakat Council 701: 699: 696: 692: 689: 687: 684: 683: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 663: 662: 661: 660: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 633: 632: 631: 624: 621: 619: 618:Military coup 616: 614: 611: 610: 609: 608: 599: 585: 582: 578: 577: 574: 573: 565: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 537: 534: 533: 532: 529: 528: 526: 522: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 505: 501: 498: 494: 491: 487: 484: 481: 477: 473: 469: 463: 462:Pakistan Army 460: 458: 455: 454: 452: 448: 442: 439: 437: 436:British India 434: 433: 431: 427: 422: 419: 416: 413: 409: 403: 400: 398: 395: 394: 392: 390: 386: 383: 380:5, including 379: 375: 359: 354: 350: 347: 343: 342:Faisal Mosque 340: 338:Resting place 336: 333: 330: 326: 322: 318: 309: 305: 302: 301:British India 298: 294: 282: 278: 273: 269: 266: 263: 260: 254: 251: 248: 245: 239: 233: 228: 225: 221: 218: 215: 209: 206: 203: 197: 191: 188: 186: 183: 182: 180: 174: 168: 165: 163: 160: 159: 157: 153: 147: 142: 139: 134: 131: 128: 122: 119: 116: 110: 107: 104: 98: 92: 87: 84: 79: 75: 68: 63: 52: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 15781:Babri Masjid 15684:Azizul Haque 15573: 15105:Ahl-e-Hadith 15080:Raza Academy 14917:Pan-Islamism 14897:Ahl-i Hadith 14766: 14760: 14754:Independence 14753: 14746: 14738: 14731: 14715:Sinf-e-Aahan 14713: 14706: 14700: 14693: 14685: 14667: 14662: 14655: 14648: 14288:CSD Pakistan 14253:Paramilitary 14131:Azad Kashmir 14055:(historical) 13710:Gang of Four 13556:Paramilitary 13518:Intelligence 13259:Brinkmanship 13151:intelligence 13040:Marius Oprea 12990:Harvey Klehr 12920:Herbert Feis 12910:Willem Drees 12875:Archie Brown 12792: 12780: 12762: 12752:Trybuna Ludu 12750: 12743: 12739:Radio Moscow 12731: 12724: 12717: 12545:Anti-Zionism 12461: 12384:Keynesianism 12372:Conservatism 12236:Transnistria 12216:China-Taiwan 11873:Gera Demands 11746: 11547: 11422: 11227:El Porteñazo 11121:Congo Crisis 11036: 10971:Algerian War 10954: 10830:Western Bloc 10825:Eastern Bloc 10820:Iron Curtain 10676: 10668: 10660: 10637: 10617: 10609: 10526:Soviet Union 10524: 10517: 10465: 10423: 10406: 10394: 10384: 10082: 10072: 9897:East Germany 9883:Soviet Union 9852:Saudi Arabia 9681:Involvement 9482:Imtiaz Ahmad 9472:Tariq Kamal 9467:Anwar Shamim 9442:Nawaz Sharif 9372:Gang of Four 9354:Elite Police 9203:Islamization 9192: 9127: 9071: 9044: 9017: 8985: 8954: 8909: 8884: 8859: 8839: 8816: 8794: 8770: 8745: 8728: 8705: 8685: 8665: 8640: 8615: 8595: 8573: 8551: 8524: 8500: 8480: 8457: 8437: 8413: 8392: 8383:Bibliography 8371: 8367: 8358: 8348: 8342: 8307: 8300: 8288:. 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Retrieved 4453: 4443: 4438:, p. 35 4431: 4403: 4346:Islam portal 4150: 4137: 4136:(Awarded in 4135: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4117: 4109: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4085: 4080: 4079: 4076:Order of the 4074: 4068: 4067: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4021:Hijri Tamgha 4019: 4011: 4010: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3779: 3774:in the 2023 3758: 3749: 3736: 3725:The Prisoner 3723: 3713: 3701: 3694: 3682: 3678:Bruce Riedel 3667: 3663:Nawaz Sharif 3644: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3584:Public image 3539:Islamic laws 3531:1978 to 1988 3525: 3491: 3489: 3469: 3457: 3405: 3370: 3342: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3313: 3304: 3289:Please help 3277: 3253: 3237: 3218: 3192: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3147: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3104: 3095: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3066: 3063: 3036: 3014: 2991: 2983:Shia Muslims 2979:Shia Muslims 2968: 2958: 2953: 2942: 2936: 2934: 2927: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2869: 2860:Talat Masood 2856:Anwar Shamim 2845: 2838:Salim Mehmud 2828: 2816: 2805: 2777: 2770:but because 2749: 2720: 2705: 2693:F-16 Falcons 2689:Raja Ramanna 2681:Anwar Shamim 2662: 2660: 2643: 2634:deregulation 2610: 2597:Eating Grass 2596: 2593:Ishfaq Ahmad 2582: 2580: 2564: 2524: 2484: 2457: 2434: 2411: 2403:Jimmy Carter 2400: 2393:Soviet Union 2390: 2369: 2366:wrote that: 2359:Ramsey Clark 2351:Soviet Union 2339: 2288: 2260: 2233: 2229: 2204: 2197: 2190: 2163: 2139: 2116:, economist 2114:Nawaz Sharif 2102: 2089: 2085: 2077: 2066: 2031: 2006:Anwar Shamim 1994: 1974:Khalid Arief 1963: 1956: 1928:Nawaz Sharif 1917: 1905:Fazhle Haque 1902: 1878:Saudi Arabia 1869: 1862: 1841:Fazal Illahi 1838: 1822:Soviet Union 1808: 1806: 1787: 1760: 1752: 1734: 1721: 1698: 1687: 1681: 1673: 1661: 1656: 1641: 1627:Anwar Shamim 1596: 1590: 1575: 1567: 1557: 1549: 1539: 1521:Vice-Admiral 1495:Air Marshal 1474: 1463: 1440: 1408: 1352: 1313: 1303: 1296: 1275: 1270:King Hussein 1255: 1247: 1209: 1186: 1180:against the 1162:13th Lancers 1151: 1122: 1114:Nawaz Sharif 1102:Shafiq Jahan 1099: 1068: 1029: 1020:Nawaz Sharif 980:Soviet Union 978:against the 969: 961:Sutlej River 897:deregulation 874: 845:against the 800: 779: 778: 740: 732: 724: 710: 657: 656: 641:Islamization 629: 628: 595: 524:Battles/wars 417: 414: 358:Shafiq Jahan 312:(1988-08-17) 264: 257:Succeeded by 249: 231: 212:Succeeded by 166: 145: 125:Succeeded by 90: 36: 15912:Project-706 15842:1988 deaths 15837:1924 births 15729:Saeed Noori 15629:Israr Ahmed 15589:Ilyas Qadri 15584:Ghulam Azam 15549:Shaukat Ali 15434:Saeed Noori 15076:South India 14938:Afghanistan 14822:Cantonments 14787:Army Museum 14352:Askari Bank 14347:Fauji Foods 14321:DHA Karachi 14182:Air Defence 14033:Air Defence 13970:Field corps 13661:Foundations 13085:Shen Zhihua 12895:Michael Cox 12827:competition 12774:Pro-Western 12764:Soviet Life 12690:Safari Club 12660:Warsaw Pact 12515:Nationalism 12505:Imperialism 12404:Reaganomics 12267:Containment 12060:Perestroika 11549:Realpolitik 11379:Six-Day War 11364:Greek junta 11175:Berlin Wall 11023:Suez Crisis 10991:Vietnam War 10878:McCarthyism 10693:Baruch Plan 10638:Unthinkable 10598:Dekemvriana 10537:Warsaw Pact 10174:S.M. Abbasi 10168:Rakhman Gul 10143:K.K. Afridi 10119:Balochistan 9911:Afghanistan 9787:Al-Zulfiqar 9717:Siachen war 9657:now defunct 9578:Al-Zulfiqar 9447:Roedad Khan 9161:(1977–1988) 9151:(1978–1988) 8635:Coll, Steve 8101:(Editorial) 8039:13 November 7830:10 February 7786:10 February 7706:10 February 7626:6 September 7584:zia al haq. 7531:13 November 7500:13 November 7490:Daily Times 7238:20 November 7202:21 November 7145:13 November 7097:18 November 6663:, pp. 6433:16 November 6174:Markey 2013 6008:Coll, Steve 5837:16 November 5464:16 November 5432:16 November 5386:29 December 4890:A.H. Amin. 4804:13 November 4778:13 November 4752:13 November 4726:13 November 4700:13 November 4694:The Tribune 4674:13 November 4668:The Tribune 4648:13 November 4601:13 November 4271:Yugoslavia 4131:World War 2 3720:The Village 3555:Islamic law 3453:Afghanistan 3166:Ahl al-Bayt 3120:Islamic Law 3047:fornication 2899:secular law 2756:North Korea 2439:, the late 2183:decided to 2126:Roedad Khan 2122:Aftab Kazie 2074:technocracy 2063:Bureaucracy 2059:Technocracy 1959:Afghanistan 1767:Roedad Khan 1763:Aftab Kazie 1694:white paper 1690:malpractice 1669:retribution 1546:Edward Behr 1519:(DGMI) and 1477:martial law 1324:Aftab Ahmed 1278:A. O. Mitha 1178:Pacific War 927:. Zia held 909:anti-Soviet 871:martial law 819:Pacific War 536:Pacific War 242:Preceded by 200:Preceded by 113:Preceded by 15826:Categories 15070:, Bareilly 15057:, Azamgarh 14971:Bangladesh 14708:Ehd-e-Wafa 14330:DHA Lahore 14274:Affiliated 14017:XXXI Corps 13850:Ministries 13826:Parliament 13799:Leadership 13731:Categories 13382:Parliament 13355:Leadership 12853:Historians 12844:Space Race 12745:Rudé právo 12699:Propaganda 12555:Neo-Nazism 12525:Chauvinism 12479:Trotskyism 12394:Monetarism 12362:Liberalism 12354:Capitalism 12346:Ideologies 12297:Ostpolitik 12020:Solidarity 11985:Toyota War 11888:Solidarity 11745:Operation 11700:Ogaden War 11389:Dhofar War 11277:Shifta War 11035:Operation 10883:Korean War 10675:Operation 10667:Operation 10659:Operation 10636:Operation 10616:Operation 10608:Operation 10385:Zia-ul-Haq 10370:Yahya Khan 10290:Tikka Khan 10255:Tikka Khan 10247:Yacob Khan 10239:Syed Ahsan 10083:(unstyled) 10062:Yahya Khan 9770:Opposition 9606:successors 9556:Opposition 9437:Agha Shahi 9280:Saqi trial 9235:Oppression 9077:1978–1988 8991:1976–1988 8980:Tikka Khan 8964:1974–1978 8782:0300101473 8748:. Lahore: 8520:Ali, Tariq 8079:28 January 8013:2 December 7977:2 December 7860:2 December 7680:2 December 7650:Hanif 2008 7561:. p. 7302:. London: 6990:3 December 6934:Jones 2002 6842:22 October 6796:3 December 6733:5 December 6661:Jones 2002 6619:|url= 6549:|url= 6410:Mia, Zia. 6304:Half Truth 6286:20 October 6055:Quick Sand 5983:22 October 5938:4 December 5809:22 October 5637:7 December 5555:, p. 5500:|url= 5440:Mr. Bhutto 5190:7 November 5165:7 November 5119:7 November 5076:7 December 4845:The Nation 4616:Zaeef 2011 4504:Ahmed 1980 4423:References 4226:Burma Star 4111:Burma Star 3647:polarizing 3547:militarism 3354:Rawalpindi 3350:Ojhri Camp 3337:Ojhri Camp 3148:To outlaw 3055:amputation 3018:Sufi imam 2697:A-5 Fanton 2638:GDP growth 2622:Agha Shahi 2515:Tanker War 2283:Bill Clark 2277:President 2224:See also: 2143:referendum 2106:Agha Shahi 2082:Parliament 2038:figurehead 1966:Yahya Khan 1457:(NWFP now 1316:Tikka Khan 1286:Yahya Khan 953:Bahawalpur 881:presidency 859:Tikka Khan 666:Presidency 613:Early life 429:Allegiance 389:Alma mater 323:, Pakistan 317:Bahawalpur 286:1924-08-12 205:Tikka Khan 18:Zia ul Haq 15404:Majduddin 15390:(Justice) 15084:Samastha 14922:Wahhabism 14797:Equipment 14396:Education 14383:Army F.C. 14206:Engineers 14197:Education 14186:Chaplains 14177:Artillery 14012:XXX Corps 14007:XII Corps 13862:Secretary 13739:Air Force 13697:Criticism 13627:Air Force 13582:Personnel 13502:Air Force 13423:Secretary 13411:Ministers 13140:Ken Young 12985:Tony Judt 12834:Arms race 12807:Red Scare 12675:NN States 12620:Apartheid 12575:Autocracy 12484:Stalinism 12452:Guevarism 12442:Castroism 12432:Communism 12424:Socialism 11950:Star Wars 11543:Koza riot 10669:Beleaguer 10661:Masterdom 10419:Musharraf 10365:Ayub Khan 10225:Azam Khan 10200:Fazle Haq 10056:Ayub Khan 9683:in events 9604:Platform 9497:Fazle Haq 9397:Hamid Gul 8484:, Hurst, 8311:. Knopf. 7921:18 August 7781:0190-8286 7747:0004-4687 7524:The Times 6911:Deobandis 6395:8 January 6273:154492122 6229:4 January 6123:States?". 6104:23 August 5859:loyalty.' 5782:Al-Mushir 4879:Arif 1995 4574:Arif 1995 4174:Thailand 3624:Mujahidin 3472:Islamabad 3408:M1 Abrams 3358:Relations 3307:June 2022 3278:does not 3233:tax rates 3195:madrassas 3154:Ahmadiyya 3150:blasphemy 2994:Deobandis 2862:in 1987. 2829:Khushab-I 2813:Expansion 2108:, jurist 1970:Ayub Khan 1853:Yaqub Ali 1743:necessity 1702:Ayub Khan 1651:elections 1591:Fair Play 1489:Hyderabad 1416:Vali Khan 1396:thinker. 1282:Gul Hasan 1260:known as 1205:Partition 1032:Jalandhar 988:Islamists 976:proxy war 957:Islamabad 803:Jalandhar 788:his death 474:1943–1988 346:Islamabad 293:Jalandhar 232:In office 155:President 146:In office 91:In office 15800:Islamism 15798:Part of 15308:Khaksars 15263:movement 15257:Movement 15174:Pakistan 15144:Pakistan 14912:Islamism 14907:Deobandi 14890:Ideology 14400:Training 14229:Ordnance 14190:Aviation 14172:Armoured 14089:Reserves 14048:Northern 14043:Southern 14002:XI Corps 13987:IV Corps 13982:II Corps 13478:Services 13448:Chairman 13292:Timeline 13282:Category 13227:See also 12719:Izvestia 12560:Islamism 12457:Hoxhaism 12332:Rollback 12211:Abkhazia 12151:Gulf War 12055:Glasnost 11425:incident 11195:Sand War 11053:Ifni War 10562:Rio Pact 10507:Cold War 10298:Nur Khan 10295:Air Mshl 9971:Category 9672:Foreign 9516:National 8837:(2004). 8815:(1999). 8793:(1992). 8737:22854226 8727:(1990). 8663:(2002). 8637:(2004). 8594:(2000). 8572:(2001). 8550:(1995). 8522:(2007). 8478:(2011), 8435:(2005), 8335:Document 8290:24 March 8260:24 March 8059:HuffPost 7881:The Wire 7470:Archived 7436:24 March 7410:24 March 7192:bbc news 6915:Barelvis 6610:cite web 6540:cite web 6489:28 April 6459:24 March 6162:Kux 2001 6010:(2004). 5978:ThePrint 5766:Archived 5491:cite web 5045:Archived 4933:24 March 4895:Archived 4591:The News 4290:See also 4102:Thailand 3569:Pakistan 3502:, 1988, 3497:— 3435:General 3199:Deobandi 3161:Muhammad 3051:whipping 3043:adultery 2998:Barelvis 2962:— 2947:— 2824:Megawatt 2656:, 1981, 2651:— 2601:paranoia 2584:Kirana-I 2541:and Dr. 2248:Islamize 2172:to hold 2094:scholars 1913:XI Corps 1771:clemency 1617:General 1609:General 1601:Admiral 1580:General 1568:Newsweek 1562:— 1551:Newsweek 1436:Peshawar 1394:Islamist 1340:Chairman 1172:and the 1087:Dehradun 1060:Punjabis 990:for his 919:and the 876:de facto 811:Dehradun 630:Policies 503:Commands 441:Pakistan 411:Nickname 377:Children 15336:Leaders 14945:Taliban 14902:Barelvi 14780:Related 14747:Waar-II 14240:Signals 14225:Nursing 14211:Medical 14053:Eastern 13997:X Corps 13992:V Corps 13977:I Corps 13857:Defence 13620:Marines 13495:Marines 13418:Defence 12782:Amerika 12665:Comecon 12550:Fascism 12540:Zionism 12489:Titoism 12030:Contras 11498:Détente 10775:Comecon 10466:Italics 10446:Zardari 10436:Mamnoon 10431:Zardari 10402:Leghari 9518:parties 8180:18 June 7886:18 June 7755:2644587 7559:Dundurn 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