1153:
1251:
1064:
1454:
1110:
407:
1587:
1088:
1326:
1279:
1444:
245:
210:
390:, which ostensibly favored the restoration of the UAR, offered Hariri the position of army chief of staff if he gave the Ba'athists his support in overthrowing Qudsi's government. Should the coup attempt fail, the committee guaranteed Hariri could "disown" them. Tensions had been rising between Hariri and Prime Minister Khalid al-Azm, and Hariri feared Azm was going to dismiss him as front commander and appoint him as the
434:, on the outskirts of the city, were neutralized by unionist forces. Hariri's troops installed barricades blocking strategic roads in the city, and besieged several government buildings, including the main post office. By the morning of 8 March, the coup was completed with virtually no blood spilled and the chief unionist officers gathered at army headquarters in Damascus to celebrate its quick success. Syria expert
38:
367:(UAR) in February 1958. Along with many other Syrian officers, he was sent to be stationed in Egypt, a post he resented. He would later state that he felt he and his comrades "were in an inferior position and we did not know why." After the union's breakup in 1961, following a secessionist coup in Syria, he became a staunch opponent of the new government of President
498:, with Bitar reportedly having tears in his eyes. Bitar and the civilian Ba'athist leadership viewed Hariri as a counterweight to the Military Committee, who Bitar feared would now have unrestricted control over his government's decisions. Hariri's self-imposed exile marked the end of his political and military career.
473:
portfolio. Together with his position as chief of staff, the defense ministry post gave Hariri highly strategic control over the army. This was seen as a major impediment to the
Military Committee's plans to consolidate unchecked power in the armed forces. Tensions between Hariri, a political
442:(RCC) that governed the country and, as planned, was appointed the army's chief of staff. To Hariri's chagrin, the Military Committee became the underlying power in Syria instead of Hariri serving as the country's strongman. Under the committee's influence, the RCC appointed officer
493:
in
Washington directly and not to return to Damascus, which he did nevertheless. He refused the position and left Syria for France on 8 July to avoid the repercussions from the Ba'athist officers. Prime Minister Bitar was known to sympathize with Hariri, and accompanied him to the
302:
rivals, Hariri served as the army's chief of staff following the coup and was briefly defense minister until being dismissed during a wide-scale purge of non-Ba'athists from the military. He retired from political activity soon afterward.
1410:
465:. Towards the end of April, dozens of Nasserist officers were purged from the army, prompting the resignation of six Nasserist RCC members, or half the council, in protest. The sidelining of the Nasserists, including Defense Minister
1440:
398:, where he could wield little influence over events in Syria. When Azm did nominate him for the position, Hariri refused and was accused of being a "rebel" by the government.
474:
independent, and the Ba'athists, remained latent until several of Hariri's allies, including some thirty elite officers under his command, were discharged on the orders of
1511:
1118:
88:
489:
Hariri was subsequently dismissed as chief of staff and was officially reassigned to the post of military attache in
Washington D.C. He was instructed to head to the
651:
1302:
1496:
1231:
904:
868:
1216:
1176:
743:
1526:
1506:
1491:
1432:
1344:
1536:
1349:
966:
835:
410:
A gathering of delegates for the April triparitite unity talks between Egypt, Syria and Iraq. Hariri is third from left and
Egyptian president
1576:
1354:
561:
1611:
1037:
327:. Hariri's brother was also sympathetic to communism and was a locally known poet in Syria. Hariri's brother-in-law was the prominent
378:
For two years Hariri actively opposed the secessionist government and worked to restore the union with Egypt, gaining the support of
1250:
1152:
375:. It was both a prestigious title and a strategic post as Hariri headed the largest concentration of Syrian troops in the country.
1063:
1425:
439:
1626:
639:
461:—where a Ba'athist-Nasserist alliance had taken power in February—and Egypt. Hariri had taken part in the negotiations in
457:
and the Ba'athists soared after the latter were seen by the former as reneging on a unity agreement signed in April with
1448:
1002:
898:
829:
490:
258:
49:
1621:
1096:
960:
862:
418:
Hariri accepted the
Military Committee's offer and on the night of 7–8 March 1963, he played a prominent role in the
172:
1418:
888:
793:. Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut. 1963. p. 148.
852:
371:. At the time, Hariri, a staff colonel, had been reassigned to commander of the army on the southern front with
1109:
1030:
933:
495:
1143:
422:
of Qudsi and Azm. Hariri led the armored forces from the front line with Israel towards the Syrian capital,
419:
291:
737:
438:
referred to Hariri as the "chief coup maker." Hariri was promoted to Major-General, became a member of the
1046:
470:
108:
383:
382:
and politically independent Arab nationalist officers in the army. Sometime in the middle of 1962, the
1586:
1631:
1023:
1087:
950:
819:
788:
551:
1636:
1616:
192:
1325:
1278:
1054:
994:
344:
1606:
1566:
1389:
1241:
364:
8:
1571:
1394:
1221:
1171:
482:
on 19 June with a high-ranking delegation, including Bitar, Aflaq and
Education Minister
294:
that toppled the secessionist government in March 1963. Politically independent from the
290:
in 1958, opposed Syria's secession from it in 1961 and served as the chief leader of the
391:
1181:
735:
447:
443:
411:
360:
76:
1541:
1471:
1399:
1287:
1186:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1077:
998:
987:
956:
946:
929:
922:
894:
858:
825:
352:
168:
1556:
1379:
1334:
1259:
1196:
1161:
466:
332:
279:
131:
1476:
387:
1551:
1466:
1374:
1364:
1359:
1297:
1226:
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1206:
1191:
1072:
368:
328:
143:
1015:
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1501:
1384:
1369:
1292:
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884:
556:
475:
435:
324:
248:
25:
1481:
312:
299:
1521:
483:
356:
348:
275:
225:
100:
53:
1486:
1201:
323:, and was sympathetic to the politics of the communist national leader
924:
Sovereign
Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq
478:, the Ba'athist interior minister on 23 June. Hariri had been sent to
1546:
454:
431:
379:
295:
423:
486:, just prior to the purge and was unable to personally intervene.
244:
1449:
Chiefs of
General Staff of the Army and the Armed Forces of Syria
560:. Vol. 206. Economist Newspaper Limited. 1963. p. 991.
479:
395:
736:
Alumni
Association of the American University of Beirut (1963),
427:
372:
37:
1443:
1312:
1269:
462:
287:
283:
215:
182:
458:
320:
316:
164:
890:
Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000
952:
Syria Under the Baʻth, 1963–66: The Army Party
Symbiosis
355:. During this period he became active in the growing
319:
in 1930. His father was a major landowner in nearby
986:
921:
710:
708:
1598:
854:Revolutions and Military Rule in the Middle East
347:in the early 1950s and became an officer in the
338:
1045:
989:Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East
762:
760:
722:
720:
513:
511:
705:
622:
620:
1426:
1031:
774:
772:
757:
717:
610:
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602:
600:
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588:
508:
680:
678:
617:
546:
544:
1433:
1419:
1038:
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993:. University of California Press. p.
945:
811:Army Officers in Arab Politics and Society
769:
634:
632:
469:, resulted in Hariri's acquisition of the
401:
36:
597:
585:
525:
523:
883:
675:
541:
405:
363:. Hariri supported the formation of the
817:
629:
1599:
850:
520:
446:as president and Ba'athist co-founder
1414:
1019:
981:
919:
907:from the original on 29 December 2022
871:from the original on 29 December 2022
808:
654:from the original on 29 December 2022
564:from the original on 29 December 2022
729:
426:, while pro-government brigades at
359:movement led by Egyptian president
66:8 March 1963 – 8 July 1963
13:
1612:Chiefs of staff of the Syrian Army
1324:
1277:
1249:
1151:
1108:
1062:
351:in 1954, during the presidency of
274:(born 1930) is a former prominent
14:
1648:
969:from the original on 2 April 2023
838:from the original on 2 April 2023
746:from the original on 2 April 2023
282:, he supported the union between
173:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
121:2 May 1963 – 8 July 1963
1585:
1452:
1442:
1086:
453:Meanwhile, tensions between the
243:
208:
801:
781:
696:
687:
666:
261:of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces
821:Historical Dictionary of Syria
742:, vol. 39–40, p. 7,
576:
532:
496:Damascus International Airport
335:, who was also a Hama native.
1:
501:
440:Revolutionary Command Council
339:Military and political career
306:
1319:post 1963 Syrian coup d'état
928:. Cornell University Press.
714:Rabinovich, 1972, pp. 64–66.
7:
1627:Syrian ministers of defense
1047:Syrian Ministers of Defense
790:Chronology of Arab Politics
162:1930 (age 93–94)
10:
1653:
955:. Transaction Publishers.
851:Haddad, George M. (1973).
818:Commins, David D. (2004).
1583:
1462:
1311:
1268:
1240:
1142:
1095:
1084:
1053:
517:Rabinovich, 1972, p. 235.
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188:
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158:
153:
149:
137:
125:
114:
106:
94:
82:
70:
59:
48:
44:
35:
23:
1622:Syrian Arab nationalists
1512:Abd al-Karim Zahr al-Din
857:. Vol. 3. Speller.
766:Rabinovich, 1972, p. 69.
726:Rabinovich, 1972, p. 68.
626:Rabinovich, 1972, p. 24.
315:family from the town of
89:Abd al-Karim Zahr al-Din
1113:French Mandate of Syria
1097:French Mandate of Syria
809:Beeri, Eliezer (1970).
402:1963 coup and aftermath
272:Mohammed Ziad al-Hariri
1330:
1283:
1270:Second Syrian Republic
1255:
1157:
1144:Second Syrian Republic
1114:
1068:
778:Moubayed, 2005, p. 52.
614:Moubayed, 2005, p. 51.
594:Commins, 2004, p. 122.
415:
1328:
1281:
1253:
1155:
1112:
1103:post established 1932
1066:
920:Mufti, Malik (1996).
538:Haddad, 1973, p. 396.
409:
345:Homs Military Academy
311:Hariri was born to a
232:Years of service
1567:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
1329:Syrian Arab Republic
1313:Syrian Arab Republic
1282:Syrian Arab Republic
1254:United Arab Republic
1242:United Arab Republic
1156:Syrian Arab Republic
684:Beeri, 1970, p. 150.
582:Mufti, 1996, p. 146.
414:is second from right
365:United Arab Republic
1572:Ali Abdullah Ayyoub
1497:Tawfiq Nizam al-Din
824:. Scarecrow Press.
693:Seale, 1990, p. 76.
672:Seale, 1990, p. 74.
529:Seale, 1990, p. 79.
450:as prime minister.
343:Hariri entered the
278:officer. A staunch
109:Minister of Defense
1331:
1284:
1256:
1158:
1115:
1069:
947:Rabinovich, Itamar
448:Salah al-Din Bitar
416:
412:Gamal Abdel Nasser
384:Military Committee
361:Gamal Abdel Nasser
77:Salah al-Din Bitar
1594:
1593:
1542:Hikmat al-Shihabi
1408:
1407:
940:Alwan Syria 1962.
885:Moubayed, Sami M.
739:Middle East Forum
702:Seale, pp. 76–77.
552:"Facing Two Ways"
353:Adib al-Shishakli
269:
268:
169:State of Damascus
16:Syrian politician
1644:
1632:People from Hama
1589:
1557:Ali Habib Mahmud
1457:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1090:
1067:Kingdom of Syria
1055:Kingdom of Syria
1040:
1033:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1011:
992:
978:
976:
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927:
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703:
700:
694:
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685:
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673:
670:
664:
663:
661:
659:
644:Arab News Agency
640:"Mideast Mirror"
636:
627:
624:
615:
612:
595:
592:
583:
580:
574:
573:
571:
569:
548:
539:
536:
530:
527:
518:
515:
471:defense ministry
467:Muhammad al-Sufi
392:military attaché
333:Akram al-Hawrani
280:Arab nationalist
247:
214:
212:
211:
199:Military service
154:Personal details
140:
132:Muhammad al-Sufi
128:
119:
97:
85:
73:
64:
40:
21:
20:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1597:
1596:
1595:
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1527:Ahmad Suwaydani
1507:Jamal al-Faisal
1492:Shawkat Shuqayr
1477:Sami al-Hinnawi
1458:
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444:Lu'ay al-Atassi
404:
341:
309:
209:
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189:Political party
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126:
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83:
71:
65:
60:
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28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1559:
1554:
1552:Hasan Turkmani
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1517:Ziad al-Hariri
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
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1472:Husni al-Za'im
1469:
1467:Abdullah Atfeh
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1438:
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1316:(1963–Present)
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1004:978-0520069763
1003:
983:Seale, Patrick
979:
961:
943:
934:
917:
900:978-1885942418
899:
893:. Cune Press.
881:
863:
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831:978-0810849341
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531:
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491:Syrian embassy
403:
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369:Nazim al-Qudsi
340:
337:
329:Arab socialist
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305:
267:
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222:Branch/service
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144:Muhammad Umran
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72:Prime Minister
68:
67:
57:
56:
50:Chief of Staff
46:
45:
42:
41:
33:
32:
30:Ziad al-Hariri
29:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1649:
1638:
1637:Syrian exiles
1635:
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1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Living people
1615:
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1610:
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1605:
1604:
1602:
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1562:Dawoud Rajiha
1560:
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1537:Yusuf Shakkur
1535:
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1532:Mustafa Tlass
1530:
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1513:
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1502:Afif al-Bizri
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1021:
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990:
984:
980:
968:
964:
962:9780706512663
958:
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953:
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937:
931:
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918:
906:
902:
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864:9780831500610
860:
856:
855:
849:
837:
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827:
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732:
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579:
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559:
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557:The Economist
553:
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477:
476:Amin al-Hafiz
472:
468:
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460:
456:
451:
449:
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26:Major General
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1516:
1482:Anwar Bannud
1339:
1318:
1182:al-Sharabati
1102:
1009:Ziad Hariri.
1008:
988:
971:. Retrieved
951:
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923:
909:. Retrieved
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853:
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820:
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566:. Retrieved
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388:Ba'ath Party
377:
342:
313:Sunni Muslim
310:
271:
270:
139:Succeeded by
116:
96:Succeeded by
61:
18:
1607:1930 births
1577:Salim Harba
1522:Salah Jadid
1273:(1961–1963)
1245:(1958–1961)
1222:al-Dawalibi
1147:(1946–1958)
1100:(1920–1946)
650:: 3. 1963.
484:Sami Droubi
357:pan-Arabist
349:Syrian Army
331:politician
292:coup d'état
276:Syrian Army
226:Syrian Army
193:Independent
179:Nationality
127:Preceded by
101:Salah Jadid
84:Preceded by
54:Syrian Army
1601:Categories
1487:Fawzi Selu
1303:Zahreddine
1288:al-Kuzbari
1197:al-Hawrani
1162:Mardam Bey
1134:al-Bukhari
1124:al-Quwatli
935:0801431689
813:. Praeger.
502:References
455:Nasserists
307:Early life
298:and their
296:Nasserists
204:Allegiance
1547:Ali Aslan
1340:al-Hariri
1227:al-Ghazzi
1212:al-Khatib
1172:al-Jabiri
1129:al-Ayyubi
1119:al-Atrash
432:al-Kiswah
380:Nasserist
300:Ba'athist
235:1948–1963
117:In office
62:In office
1390:al-Freij
1375:Turkmani
1365:al-Assad
1187:al-Za'im
1177:al-'Azma
1078:al-'Azma
1073:al-Ulshi
985:(1990).
967:Archived
949:(1972).
905:Archived
887:(2006).
869:Archived
836:Archived
744:archived
652:Archived
562:Archived
424:Damascus
420:toppling
255:Commands
1335:al-Sufi
1298:Barmada
1293:al-Nuss
1217:Khankan
1207:Barmada
480:Algeria
396:Baghdad
386:of the
52:of the
1395:Ayyoub
1385:Rajiha
1380:Mahmud
1232:Raslan
1167:al-Azm
1058:(1920)
1001:
973:25 May
959:
932:
911:25 May
897:
875:25 May
861:
842:25 May
828:
750:25 May
658:25 May
568:25 May
428:Qatana
373:Israel
213:
183:Syrian
1400:Abbas
1370:Tlass
1360:Umran
1355:Ubayd
1350:Jaber
1345:Ziade
1192:Atfeh
463:Cairo
288:Egypt
284:Syria
216:Syria
1260:Amer
1202:Selu
999:ISBN
975:2023
957:ISBN
930:ISBN
913:2023
895:ISBN
877:2023
859:ISBN
844:2023
826:ISBN
752:2023
660:2023
570:2023
459:Iraq
430:and
321:Homs
317:Hama
286:and
240:Rank
165:Hama
159:Born
107:6th
394:in
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