352:
troubles "frequent changes within ruling classes lead to the ruination of illustrious Muslim families", and thus preserving these upper class families, themselves at such place for diverse administrative or military qualities, would lead to the advent of more capable rulers and in the longer run help Muslim interests, Alam to conclude that this hierarchization "was a conscious choice exercised by Barani to serve the narrowly sectarian interests of the early
Islamic regime in India".
296:
351:
argues that, contrarily to what many think, through this aristocratic view of power he doesn't follow secular models (Iranian or Indian), "rather, the interests of the Muslim community define the contours of his ideas on the heredity question", as he saw that during times of political
390:(protected persons). The Muslim kings appointed Hindus to high posts, including governorships. Barani further laments that the Muslim kings were pleased with the prosperity of Hindus in their capital Delhi, even when poor Muslims worked for them and begged at their doors.
375:(tribute) from the Hindus. Instead, he recommends that a Muslim king should concentrate all his power on holy wars and completely uproot the "false creeds". According to him, a Muslim king could establish the supremacy of Islam in India only by slaughtering the
421:
But, though Barani refers many times to the sources of information, he did not consult his contemporary works. This resulted in the sketchy description of Ala-ud-Din Khalji’s wars in
Chittor, Ranthambhor and Malwa and the Deccan campaigns of
569:
225:, which promoted an idea of aristocracy through birth and which was claimed by Persians to be "fully in accordance with the main thrust of Islamic thought as it had developed by that time", including in the works of his near-contemporary
332:
is a work containing the political ideals to be pursued by a Muslim ruler in order to earn religious merit and the gratitude of his subjects. It is written as nasihat(advices) for the Muslim kings.
653:
549:
450:
and the
Zawabit. The Zawabit were the state laws formulated by the monarch in consultation with the nobility in the changed circumstances to cater to the new requirements which the
288:. After Tughlaq was deposed, he fell out of favor. In "Exile" he wrote two pieces dealing with government, religion, and history, which he hoped would endear him to the new sultan,
2602:
91:
414:. Then interpretation noted that the sultans who followed the rules of Barani had succeeded in their endeavors while those that did not, or those who had sinned, met the
367:
provides an example of his views on religion. He states that there is no difference between a Muslim king and a Hindu ruler, if the Muslim king is content in collecting
742:
965:
858:
994:
606:Żiyāʾ al-Dīn Baranī (ca. 1285–1357) ... was a native of Baran, a town just east of Delhi, known today as Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh, India.
576:
His ignorance of the geography of
Central Asia and Persia is surprising...in his modes of thought and feeling he is hundred per cent Indian
457:
The
Zawabit, he said must be in the spirit of the Shariat and enumerated four conditions for its formulation as guidelines. They are-
589:
2577:
2062:
2567:
355:
The work delves into aspects of religion and government and the meeting of those two, as well as political philosophy. He notes:
2592:
523:
2412:
842:
724:
599:
2587:
630:
Auer B. (2018) Baranī, Żiyāʾ al-Dīn. In: Kassam Z.R., Greenberg Y.K., Bagli J. (eds) Islam, Judaism, and
Zoroastrianism.
379:. He recommends that a Muslim king "should make a firm resolve to overpower, capture, enslave and degrade the infidels."
386:
did not hold similar views. Barani rues that they honoured and favoured the Hindus, and had granted them the status of
2377:
1606:
987:
685:
2597:
1207:
359:
Religion and temporal government are twins; that is, head of religion and the head of government are twin brothers.
2042:
1444:
920:
739:
2285:
2582:
980:
2572:
2391:
2164:
1217:
884:
2217:
1979:
1192:
660:
The ancestors of this noted historian originally hailed from
Kaithal . When the family shifted to Baran
438:
depended upon the work for the biographical sketches of Nizam-ud-Din Auliya and the other Sufi saints.
617:
M. Athat Ali, "Elements of Social
Justice in Medieval Islamic Thought" in Saiyid Zaheer Husain Jafri,
2037:
1954:
1851:
1733:
1024:
1003:
528:
1861:
1616:
556:
Barani never called himself Turk for one intention that he wanted to be an Indian than anything else
2405:
2247:
2149:
2027:
1743:
1728:
1407:
1352:
619:
Recording the
Progress of Indian History: Symposia Papers of the Indian History Congress, 1992–2010
276:(police chief) of Delhi during the reign of Ala-ud-Din Khalji. Barani never held a post, but was a
2514:
2507:
2144:
1826:
1713:
1377:
1372:
947:
655:
Sources of the
History of India: Rajasthan. Haryana. Meghalaya. Uttar Pradesh. Jammu and Kashmir
2447:
2440:
2320:
2257:
1964:
1586:
1529:
1519:
1382:
894:
195:
2169:
2047:
1984:
1305:
1280:
347:
under-castes or the converted Muslims who are regarded as "ritually polluted" by the ashraf.
2185:
1177:
2562:
2557:
2433:
2398:
2077:
1989:
1698:
1310:
1197:
1131:
1101:
880:
468:
It must increase the loyalty and hope among the nobles and common people towards the Sultan
281:
265:
173:
1922:
1764:
1096:
903:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
8:
2426:
2384:
2370:
2315:
2227:
1907:
1876:
1856:
1342:
1141:
1050:
1034:
897:(1992). "The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji". In Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (ed.).
635:
434:
for their account of history of the period covered in this work. Abdul Haq Dehlvi in his
415:
207:
2310:
2290:
2134:
2129:
1881:
1631:
959:
852:
411:
289:
272:
of Arkali Khan, the son of Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji. His uncle Qazi Ala-ul-Mulk was the
261:
246:
199:
177:
1459:
2345:
2295:
2032:
1836:
1831:
1816:
1524:
1474:
1392:
1367:
1275:
904:
838:
720:
681:
595:
482:
out of exigencies, it must follow charities and compensation in lieu of that negation
304:
2500:
2454:
2139:
2022:
1917:
1912:
1897:
1866:
1469:
1255:
1029:
952:
The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3.)
260:. His father, uncle, and grandfather all worked in high government posts under the
2535:
2419:
2340:
1683:
1439:
1357:
898:
889:. Introduction to Oriental Civilizations. Vol. 1. Columbia University Press.
746:
407:
383:
169:
42:
1959:
639:
2521:
2252:
2222:
1596:
1514:
1151:
1075:
191:
1902:
1362:
2551:
2468:
2052:
1738:
1723:
1581:
1561:
1509:
1479:
1080:
1070:
916:
348:
161:
151:
908:
2232:
1821:
1646:
1601:
1347:
1285:
1212:
1167:
1146:
1121:
876:
312:
215:
211:
165:
406:(Firuz Shah's History) (1357) was an interpretation of the history of the
2097:
1994:
1611:
1576:
1489:
1464:
1202:
1126:
1065:
814:
588:
Kassam, Zayn R.; Greenberg, Yudit Kornberg; Bagli, Jehan (16 July 2018).
423:
285:
242:
238:
226:
46:
1759:
2461:
1784:
1688:
1678:
1591:
1571:
1566:
1454:
1387:
1290:
1250:
1245:
1172:
1111:
1106:
2057:
1774:
1718:
1693:
1449:
1187:
1182:
1136:
1116:
1060:
1055:
900:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526)
802:
264:. His maternal grandfather Husam-ud-Din, was an important officer of
972:
1871:
1504:
1484:
1270:
1265:
427:
219:
551:
Arthashastra of Kautilya and Fatawa-i-Jahandari of Ziauddin Barani
295:
2528:
1260:
376:
257:
253:
382:
At the same time, the book makes it clear that the kings of the
252:. His ancestors had immigrated to Baran from the Indian town of
1779:
1769:
1636:
479:
472:
462:
451:
447:
387:
752:
426:. The later medieval historians, Nizam-ud-Din Ahmad, Badaoni,
237:
Barani was born in 1285, to an Indian Muslim family native to
2493:
2475:
698:
696:
694:
284:
for seventeen years. During this period he was very close to
50:
764:
303:
His gravestone lies in the courtyard of Nizamuddin Auliya's
222:
206:
which promoted a hierarchy among Muslim communities in the
691:
292:. He was not rewarded for his works and died poor in 1357.
16:
Indian Muslim historian and political thinker (1285–1357)
784:
The Languages of Political Islam in India: c. 1200-1800
946:
Elliot, H. M. (Henry Miers), Sir; John Dowson (1867).
932:
Caste and Social Stratification Among Muslims in India
893:
820:
808:
2603:
14th-century historians of the medieval Islamic world
587:
929:
786:, The University of Chicago Press, 2004, pp. 41-42
758:
335:His fatwa would condone segregation of the Muslim
945:
268:and his father Muwayyid-ul-Mulk held the post of
2549:
915:
770:
446:Barani categorized the law into two kinds, the
948:"15. Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí, of Ziauddin Barani"
567:
180:'s reign. He was best known for composing the
988:
651:
640:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3_790
172:located in present-day Northern India during
964:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
875:
857:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
740:Social Stratification Among Muslims in India
702:
547:
194:, which covers the period from the reign of
717:Indian Political Thought Themes and Thinker
311:of Mirdha Ikram, and near the tomb of Amir
995:
981:
471:Its sources and inspiration should be the
214:it was not based on race or even like the
156:
832:
672:
670:
668:
507:Maasìr Saadat (Good Deeds of the Sayyids)
504:Inayat Nama-i-Ilahi (Book of Gods Gifts)
294:
393:
198:to the first six years of the reign of
2550:
665:
524:Caste system among South Asian Muslims
495:Sana-i-Muhammadi (Praises of Mohammad)
2413:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
1002:
976:
594:. Springer Netherlands. p. 114.
571:Medieval India Quarterly: Volumes 1-5
676:Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007).
430:and Haji-ud-Dabir depended upon the
323:
733:
714:
155:
13:
939:
922:Pakistan or the Partition of India
591:Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism
461:The Zawabit should not negate the
14:
2614:
2378:History of the Prophets and Kings
954:. London : Trübner & Co.
833:roy;singh, himanshu;M.P. (2020).
492:Salvat-i-Kabir (The Great Prayer)
307:in Delhi, at the entrance of the
632:Encyclopedia of Indian Religions
2578:People from the Delhi Sultanate
2043:Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha
826:
789:
776:
680:, Part I, New Delhi: S. Chand,
478:If at all it had to negate the
343:low castes, in addition to the
245:) in northern India, hence his
2568:14th-century Indian historians
708:
645:
624:
611:
581:
561:
541:
486:
160:; 1285–1358 CE) was an
1:
2593:Indian political philosophers
869:
621:, Primus Books, 2012, p. 197.
498:Hasratnama (Book of Regrets)
82:Historian, Political Thinker
7:
2392:Concise History of Humanity
2165:Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi
1445:'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi
930:Partap C. Aggarwal (1978).
886:Sources of Indian Tradition
821:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
809:Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992
517:
218:, but taking as a model of
92:Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq
10:
2619:
2588:Indian historians of Islam
2218:Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri
1980:Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh
2485:
2362:
2333:
2303:
2279:
2266:
2240:
2211:
2198:
2178:
2157:
2123:
2110:
2090:
2070:
2016:
2003:
1972:
1955:Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari
1948:
1935:
1890:
1844:
1810:
1797:
1752:
1734:Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani
1706:
1672:
1659:
1624:
1555:
1542:
1497:
1433:
1420:
1400:
1336:
1323:
1298:
1239:
1226:
1160:
1089:
1043:
1017:
1010:
678:History of Medieval India
529:List of Muslim historians
141:
127:
119:
114:
106:
101:
97:
86:
78:
70:
58:
30:
23:
2248:Jalal al-Din Mirza Qajar
2028:Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi
1744:Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi
1408:Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi
1353:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
835:Indian Political Thought
534:
318:
210:, although according to
2598:People from Bulandshahr
2515:Biographical dictionary
2508:Biographical evaluation
1827:Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali
1714:Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi
1378:Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad
1373:Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani
1208:Abu Muhammad al-Hamdani
837:. Pearson. p. 86.
759:Partap C. Aggarwal 1978
719:. Pearson. p. 81.
568:Mohammad Habib (1950).
454:was unable to fulfill.
410:up to the then-present
232:
2448:Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar
2441:History of the Caliphs
2321:Karim agha Shakikhanov
2258:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
1965:Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali
1862:ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni
1852:Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
1587:Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari
1530:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
895:Banarsi Prasad Saksena
715:Roy, Himanshu (2020).
652:Siba Pada Sen (1978).
361:
300:
196:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
2406:Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya
2170:Abol-Hasan Golestaneh
2048:Osman Aga of Temesvar
1985:Muhammad Saleh Kamboh
1729:Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi
1281:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
771:Bhimrao Ambedkar 1945
548:Arbind Das · (1996).
357:
298:
90:Nadim (Companion) of
2434:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
2399:The Complete History
2078:Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur
1990:Abd al-Fattah Fumani
1699:Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi
1132:Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar
1102:Khalifah ibn Khayyat
881:Wm. Theodore de Bary
745:18 July 2011 at the
432:Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi
404:Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi
400:Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi
394:Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi
282:Muhammad bin Tughlaq
266:Ghiyas ud din Balban
188:Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi
183:Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi
174:Muhammad bin Tughlaq
132:Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi
2583:Historians of India
2371:The Meadows of Gold
2316:Ahmad bey Javanshir
2228:Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf
1877:Iskandar Beg Munshi
1857:Muhammad Khwandamir
1343:Mohammed al-Baydhaq
1142:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
1051:Hisham ibn al-Kalbi
1035:Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri
797:Fatawa-yi-Jahandari
299:Tombstone of Barani
208:Indian subcontinent
102:Academic background
2573:Muslim chroniclers
2311:Mirza Adigozal bey
2291:Ahmed Cevdet Pasha
2186:Ahmed Resmî Efendi
2135:Mohammed al-Qadiri
2130:Mohammed al-Ifrani
2058:Al-Hasan al-Burini
1882:Sharafkhan Bidlisi
1632:Hamdallah Mustawfi
1306:Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi
823:, p. 355-356.
799:, folios 247b-248a
412:Firuz Shah Tughlaq
301:
290:Firuz Shah Tughluq
200:Firoz Shah Tughluq
2545:
2544:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2346:Mastoureh Ardalan
2329:
2328:
2296:Ahmed Cevad Pasha
2194:
2193:
2106:
2105:
2086:
2085:
1931:
1930:
1793:
1792:
1655:
1654:
1538:
1537:
1525:Ata-Malik Juvayni
1475:Sibt ibn al-Jawzi
1416:
1415:
1368:Usama ibn Munqidh
1319:
1318:
1311:Abu Sa'id Gardezi
1198:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man
1097:Ibn ʽAbd al-Hakam
1004:Muslim historians
844:978-93-325-8733-5
726:978-93-325-8733-5
703:A. L. Basham 1958
601:978-94-024-1266-6
475:and pious Caliphs
365:Fatwa-i-Jahandari
339:upper castes and
330:Fatwa-i-Jahandari
324:Fatwa-i-Jahandari
204:Fatwa-i-Jahandari
145:
144:
136:Fatwa-i-Jahandari
2610:
2501:Islamic calendar
2455:Tarikh al-Yaqubi
2427:Kitab al-I'tibar
2385:Mu'jam al-Buldan
2277:
2276:
2209:
2208:
2140:Khalil al-Muradi
2121:
2120:
2023:Ibrahim Petchevi
2014:
2013:
1946:
1945:
1918:Mustafa Selaniki
1913:Sadeddin Effendi
1867:Nizamuddin Ahmad
1808:
1807:
1670:
1669:
1553:
1552:
1431:
1430:
1334:
1333:
1256:Said al-Andalusi
1237:
1236:
1030:Urwah ibn Zubayr
1015:
1014:
997:
990:
983:
974:
973:
969:
963:
955:
935:
926:
917:Bhimrao Ambedkar
912:
890:
863:
862:
856:
848:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
793:
787:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
749:by Zarina Bhatty
737:
731:
730:
712:
706:
700:
689:
674:
663:
662:
649:
643:
628:
622:
615:
609:
608:
585:
579:
578:
565:
559:
558:
545:
513:Fatawa-i-Dindari
510:Lubbatul Tarikh.
501:Tarikh-i-Barmaki
436:Akhbar-ul-Akhyar
159:
158:
21:
20:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2481:
2420:Futuh al-Buldan
2350:
2341:Mahmud Bayazidi
2325:
2299:
2275:
2262:
2236:
2207:
2190:
2174:
2153:
2119:
2102:
2082:
2066:
2012:
1999:
1968:
1944:
1927:
1886:
1840:
1806:
1789:
1748:
1702:
1684:Ibn Taghribirdi
1668:
1651:
1642:Ziauddin Barani
1620:
1551:
1534:
1493:
1460:Ibn al-Kardabūs
1440:Yaqut al-Hamawi
1429:
1412:
1396:
1358:Ibn al-Qalanisi
1332:
1315:
1294:
1235:
1222:
1156:
1085:
1039:
1025:Aban bin Uthman
1006:
1001:
957:
956:
942:
940:Further reading
872:
867:
866:
850:
849:
845:
831:
827:
819:
815:
807:
803:
794:
790:
782:Muzaffar Alam,
781:
777:
769:
765:
757:
753:
747:Wayback Machine
738:
734:
727:
713:
709:
701:
692:
675:
666:
658:. p. 129.
650:
646:
629:
625:
616:
612:
602:
586:
582:
574:. p. 244.
566:
562:
554:. p. 144.
546:
542:
537:
520:
489:
408:Delhi Sultanate
396:
384:Delhi Sultanate
371:(poll-tax) and
326:
321:
280:(companion) of
262:Sultan of Delhi
235:
170:Delhi Sultanate
157:ضیاء الدین برنی
148:Ziauddin Barani
123:Delhi Sultanate
66:
65:Delhi Sultanate
63:
54:
43:Delhi Sultanate
39:
37:
36:
35:Ziauddin Barani
26:
25:Ziauddin Barani
17:
12:
11:
5:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2522:Hadith studies
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2253:Agha Ahmad Ali
2250:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2223:Mohammad Farid
2220:
2215:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2038:Munejjim Bashi
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1908:Matrakçı Nasuh
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:Mar'i al-Karmi
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Ibn al-Tiqtaqa
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:Minhaj-i-Siraj
1517:
1515:Ibn Isfandiyar
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:Ibn al-Sam'ani
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1276:Hilal al-Sabi'
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:Ibn al-Qūṭiyya
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1000:
999:
992:
985:
977:
971:
970:
941:
938:
937:
936:
927:
913:
891:
871:
868:
865:
864:
843:
825:
813:
811:, p. 355.
801:
788:
775:
763:
751:
732:
725:
707:
705:, p. 458.
690:
664:
644:
623:
610:
600:
580:
560:
539:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
526:
519:
516:
515:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
488:
485:
484:
483:
476:
469:
466:
444:
443:
395:
392:
325:
322:
320:
317:
234:
231:
192:medieval India
143:
142:
139:
138:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
112:
111:
110:Sufi Mysticism
108:
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
56:
55:
40:
34:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2615:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2469:Book of Idols
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:Notable works
2361:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:Mustafa Naima
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:Idris Bitlisi
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:Mullah Nadiri
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Ibn al-Khatib
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Muhammad Aufi
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Ibn Khallikan
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1406:
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1403:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:Sayf ibn Umar
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
993:
991:
986:
984:
979:
978:
975:
967:
961:
953:
949:
944:
943:
933:
928:
924:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
888:
887:
882:
878:
874:
873:
860:
854:
846:
840:
836:
829:
822:
817:
810:
805:
798:
792:
785:
779:
772:
767:
760:
755:
748:
744:
741:
736:
728:
722:
718:
711:
704:
699:
697:
695:
687:
686:81-219-0364-5
683:
679:
673:
671:
669:
661:
657:
656:
648:
641:
638:, Dordrecht.
637:
633:
627:
620:
614:
607:
603:
597:
593:
592:
584:
577:
573:
572:
564:
557:
553:
552:
544:
540:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
490:
481:
477:
474:
470:
467:
464:
460:
459:
458:
455:
453:
449:
441:
440:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
391:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
360:
356:
353:
350:
349:Muzaffar Alam
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
316:
314:
310:
306:
297:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
244:
240:
230:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:), a work on
189:
186:(also called
185:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:Indian Muslim
153:
149:
140:
137:
133:
130:
128:Notable works
126:
122:
118:
115:Academic work
113:
109:
105:
100:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
79:Occupation(s)
77:
73:
69:
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
33:
29:
22:
19:
2536:Isra'iliyyat
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2233:Jurji Zaydan
2199:19th century
2111:18th century
2033:Kâtip Çelebi
1960:Katib Çelebi
1936:17th century
1923:Taşköprüzade
1822:Mujir al-Din
1798:16th century
1765:Aşıkpaşazade
1660:15th century
1647:Hafiz-i Abru
1641:
1617:al-ʽAsqalani
1602:Ibn al-Furat
1543:14th century
1470:Ibn al-Athir
1421:13th century
1348:Ibn al-Jawzi
1324:12th century
1227:11th century
1213:Al-Musabbihi
1168:Ibn al-Nadim
1161:10th century
1147:Ibn Qutaybah
1122:Al-Baladhuri
951:
931:
921:
899:
885:
877:A. L. Basham
834:
828:
816:
804:
796:
791:
783:
778:
766:
754:
735:
716:
710:
677:
659:
654:
647:
631:
626:
618:
613:
605:
590:
583:
575:
570:
563:
555:
550:
543:
456:
445:
435:
431:
420:
403:
399:
397:
381:
372:
368:
364:
362:
358:
354:
344:
340:
336:
334:
329:
327:
308:
302:
277:
273:
269:
249:
236:
216:caste system
212:M. Athar Ali
203:
187:
182:
181:
147:
146:
135:
131:
45:(modern-day
18:
2563:1357 deaths
2558:1285 births
2304:Azerbaijani
2098:Ahmad Khani
1995:Mohsin Fani
1903:Lûtfi Pasha
1898:Mustafa Âlî
1832:Ibn al-Qadi
1612:Ibn Khaldun
1607:Al-Mufaddal
1577:Ibn Battuta
1490:Ibn Abi Zar
1465:Ibn al-Adim
1363:Ibn ʽAsakir
1203:Abu al-Arab
1152:Al-Mada'ini
1090:9th century
1076:Al-Mada'ini
1066:Abu Mikhnaf
1044:8th century
1018:7th century
925:. Thackers.
487:Other works
424:Malik Kafur
286:Amir Khusro
243:Bulandshahr
227:Ibn Khaldun
71:Nationality
47:Bulandshahr
2552:Categories
2462:Muqaddimah
2150:al-Jabarti
2145:al-Zayyani
2063:Abdi Pasha
1785:Tursun Beg
1689:Al-Sakhawi
1679:al-Maqrizi
1592:Ibn Kathir
1572:Al-Dhahabi
1567:Ibn Idhari
1562:Abu'l-Fida
1455:Ibn Jubayr
1388:Al-Jawwani
1383:Ibn Hammad
1291:Ibn Bassam
1251:Ibn Hayyan
1246:Ibn Faradi
1173:Ibn Duraid
1107:Ibn Hisham
1081:Ibn Lahi'a
1011:Historians
934:. Manohar.
870:References
688:, pp.174-6
202:; and the
178:Firuz Shah
164:political
107:Influences
2286:Ali Amiri
1775:Ibn Kemal
1719:Mirkhvand
1694:Al-Suyuti
1450:Ibn Amira
1286:Al-Quda'i
1188:Miskawayh
1183:Al-Masudi
1137:Al-Azraqi
1117:Al-Tabari
1061:Al-Waqidi
1056:Ibn Ishaq
960:cite book
853:cite book
363:Barani's
2486:Concepts
2071:Chagatai
1872:Firishta
1817:Ibn Iyas
1760:Oruç Bey
1505:Ibn Bibi
1485:Al-Qifti
1271:Ibn Hazm
1266:Al-Bakri
1218:al-Kindi
1127:Ibn Sa'd
919:(1945).
909:31870180
879:(1958).
795:Barani,
743:Archived
636:Springer
518:See also
428:Ferishta
377:Brahmins
220:Sassanid
2529:Tabaqat
2334:Kurdish
2280:Ottoman
2267:Turkish
2241:Persian
2179:Turkish
2158:Persian
2091:Kurdish
2017:Ottoman
2004:Turkish
1973:Persian
1891:Turkish
1845:Persian
1753:Turkish
1707:Persian
1625:Persian
1498:Persian
1401:Persian
1299:Persian
1261:Al-Udri
1193:al-Suli
1112:Ya'qubi
883:(ed.).
480:Shariat
473:Shariat
463:Shariat
452:Shariat
448:Shariat
442:Zawabit
416:Nemesis
388:dhimmis
313:Khusrau
258:Haryana
254:Kaithal
241:, (now
168:of the
166:thinker
41:Baran,
2212:Arabic
2124:Arabic
1949:Arabic
1811:Arabic
1780:Neshri
1770:Enveri
1673:Arabic
1637:Wassaf
1556:Arabic
1434:Arabic
1337:Arabic
1240:Arabic
907:
841:
723:
684:
598:
373:khiraj
337:ashraf
305:dargah
274:Kotwal
250:Barani
74:Indian
2494:Isnad
2476:Rihla
535:Notes
369:jizya
345:azral
341:ajlaf
319:Works
309:dalan
278:nadim
247:nisba
239:Baran
87:Title
51:India
966:link
905:OCLC
859:link
839:ISBN
721:ISBN
682:ISBN
596:ISBN
398:The
328:The
270:naib
233:Life
223:Iran
176:and
152:Urdu
62:1357
59:Died
38:1285
31:Born
402:or
120:Era
2554::
962:}}
958:{{
950:.
855:}}
851:{{
693:^
667:^
634:.
604:.
418:.
315:.
256:,
229:.
154::
134:,
49:,
996:e
989:t
982:v
968:)
911:.
861:)
847:.
773:.
761:.
729:.
642:.
465:.
150:(
53:)
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