62:
128:
41:
392:
363:
48:
2253:
410:
870:
792:
2612:
742:, on 2 September of that year. In addition, it announced changes to public holidays, with Rhodes Day and Founders Day being replaced by two new holidays, both of which were known as Ancestors Day, while Republic Day and Independence Day were to be replaced by President's Day and Unity Day, celebrated on 25 and 26 October of that year.
631:
composed of Ian Smith and three black individuals (Muzorewa, Sithole, and Chirau), and a ministerial council, while Smith retained his title as Prime
Minister. It was also stated that the primary job of this new government is to draw up a constitution for the country, hold elections in April 1979, and arrange a ceasefire with the
635:. A further goal of the agreement was said to be the hope of ending the country's civil war. Following the election, Muzorewa remarked that he didn't want the country to be "a sham, a fraud, a hollow shell with the mere trappings of independence" or the country to "ever to become another banana republic."
1043:
to be held in the spring of 1980. Before the negotiations had ended, on 11 December 1979, the law was passed which declared that "Zimbabwe
Rhodesia shall cease to be an independent State and become part of Her Majesty's dominions". In response, the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed Order 1979,
678:
in April 1979 as "null and void" and described the country as an "illegal racist regime" which was attempting to retain and extend "racist minority rule and...preventing the accession of
Zimbabwe to independence and genuine majority rule." It also called on all states to recognize the government and
711:
The
Constitution named the new state as "Zimbabwe Rhodesia", with no reference to its status as a republic in its name. Although the official name contained no hyphen, the country's name was hyphenated in some foreign publications as "Zimbabwe-Rhodesia". The country was also nicknamed "Rhobabwe", a
638:
Furthermore, a goal of the settlement was for
Rhodesia to receive international recognition and have the sanctions imposed on the country due to Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965 to be removed. Following the settlement, Muzorewa attempted to convince the British government to recognize
922:
Of the 100 members of the House of
Assembly, 72 were "common roll" members for whom the electorate was every adult citizen. All of these members were black Africans. Those on the previous electoral roll of Rhodesia (due to education, property and income qualifications for voter rolls) elected 20
689:
believed that the elections which installed the government in were neither "fair or free," because they were held under a constitution that reserved "a disproportionate share of power for the white minority." He later, in
November 1979, continued sanctions until the negotiations conducted by the
959:
The Senate of
Zimbabwe Rhodesia had 40 members. Ten members each were returned by the old voter roll members of the House of Assembly and the common roll members, and five members each by the Council of Chiefs of Mashonaland and Matabeleland. The remaining members were directly appointed by the
630:
The "Internal
Settlement", signed in March 1978, led to the creation of an interim government in which Africans were included in leading positions for the first time, while creating an independent civil service, judiciary, police force, and army. The settlement also created an executive council
1609:
2219:
927:
commission sat in 1978 to determine how to reduce the previous 50 constituencies to 20. The remaining eight seats for old voter role non-constituency members were filled by members chosen by the other 92 members of the House of
Assembly once their election was complete. In the
856:), Zimbabwe Rhodesia was governed by a Prime Minister and Cabinet chosen from the majority party in a 100-member House of Assembly. A 40-member Senate acted as the upper House, and both together chose a figurehead President in whose name the government was conducted.
2060:
1978:
116:
117:
1725:
639:
the transitional government, but they did not do so. In the same vein, some believed that the settlement was "sufficient" grounds for recognition of Rhodesia and lifting sanctions. Later in 1978, the removal of sanctions was agreed to by the
2318:
2427:
115:
2080:
1835:
2261:
2529:
4301:
708:
in Shona (one of the two major languages in the country), means "houses of stone". Meanwhile, the white Rhodesian community was reluctant to drop the name "Rhodesia", hence a compromise was met.
2286:
113:
1703:
768:. However, no postage stamps were issued; issues of 1978 still used "Rhodesia", and the next stamp issues were in 1980, after the change to just "Zimbabwe," and were inscribed accordingly.
2328:
2412:
3582:
2766:
114:
753:, carried a commentary entitled "The proof of independence is not flags or names", dismissing the changes as aimed at "strengthening the racist puppet alliance's position at the
1470:
1955:
1577:
1825:
2363:
570:
143:
4341:
2519:
720:
702:
agreed that the country should use the name "Zimbabwe"; they used that name as part of the titles of their organisations. The name "Zimbabwe", broken down to
3589:
3482:
2778:
2680:
1412:
651:. However, the country's civil service, judiciary, police and armed forces continued to be administered by the same officials as before, of whom most were
582:
1892:
4346:
2644:
585:(UDI) in 1965. About three months later, the re-established colony of Southern Rhodesia was granted internationally-recognized independence within the
2296:
4351:
981:
853:
849:
1691:
3677:
2195:
2495:
2451:
1661:
1493:
1140:
127:
61:
719:
sought to drop "Rhodesia" from the country's name. The name "Zimbabwe Rhodesia" had been criticised by some black politicians like Senator Chief
1060:
671:
615:
administration of Rhodesia and moderate African nationalist parties. Meanwhile, the government continued to battle armed resistance from the
2386:
4286:
2480:
2016:
2977:
1171:"The Strange Death of 'Zimbabwe-Rhodesia': The Question of British Recognition of the Muzorewa Regime in Rhodesian Public Opinion, 1979"
67:
2150:"The Strange Death of'Zimbabwe-Rhodesia': The Question of British Recognition of the Muzorewa Regime in Rhodesian Public Opinion, 1979"
647:, with the caveat that they could only be lifted "once elections were held". The settlement also reportedly resulted in the release of
4291:
3443:
1040:
4296:
3853:
3057:
929:
1768:
1440:
2901:
1941:
1587:
4321:
3733:
3672:
2948:
2637:
1619:
2002:
3821:
3567:
2928:
2756:
2594:
2227:
1084:
1039:, signed on 21 December 1979, stipulated that control over the country be returned to the United Kingdom in preparation for
3718:
3577:
3474:
2840:
2771:
2672:
1094:
923:
members; although this did not in theory exclude non-whites, very few black Africans met the qualification requirements. A
2231:
1256:
4311:
3042:
2696:
1223:
243:
40:
1809:
1793:
4256:
4082:
4024:
4005:
3826:
3667:
3456:
3230:
3172:
2953:
2616:
2351:
2199:
1016:
887:
809:
3899:
3594:
3572:
3032:
2983:
2761:
2630:
2396:
2388:
Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations Action in the Question of Southern Rhodesia
1996:
1876:
1735:
1644:
1320:
1266:
909:
831:
3646:
4326:
3848:
3636:
3604:
3555:
3515:
2886:
2788:
2744:
2704:
2491:
2423:
2066:
1175:
1283:
4141:
3641:
3263:
2989:
2022:
996:
977:
953:
941:
937:
845:
781:
777:
675:
624:
3914:
3789:
3109:
2896:
1902:
1020:
969:
891:
813:
620:
213:
1925:
3970:
3784:
3436:
3017:
3001:
2876:
2586:
2135:
2107:"Face-Saving Maneuvers and Strong Third-Party Mediation: The Lancaster House Conference on Zimbabwe-Rhodesia"
1868:
985:
640:
53:
577:
and was briefly under a British-supervised transitional government sometimes referred to as a reestablished
4197:
3687:
3133:
2205:
1402:
4336:
4210:
4183:
3995:
3150:
2923:
2911:
2906:
1044:
on 14 December, establishing the offices of Governor and Deputy Governor of Southern Rhodesia, filled by
1027:, the former Minister of Defence, serving as both Minister of Transport and Minister of Power and Posts.
848:, the first in which a majority of elected representatives were black. Adapting the constitution of the
581:, which according to British constitutional theory had remained the lawful government in the area after
4105:
3965:
3843:
3836:
3743:
3361:
3253:
3027:
2918:
1535:
1059:
at this time, the name "Zimbabwe Rhodesia" remained in many of the country's institutions, such as the
1008:
1004:
632:
616:
104:
1344:"The Internal Political Settlement in Zimbabwe: A Sell-Out or an Advancement to African Majority Rule"
4316:
4306:
3748:
3682:
3624:
3507:
3336:
3052:
2808:
2359:
1445:
1036:
754:
302:
181:
2090:
1170:
999:, and also appointed Minister of Combined Operations and Defence. He formed a joint government with
844:
Zimbabwe Rhodesia's short-lived government was elected prior to the creation of the state, with the
4215:
4092:
4015:
3990:
3955:
3879:
3794:
3609:
3525:
3466:
3429:
3366:
3099:
2793:
2714:
2664:
2149:
1615:
659:
4062:
3909:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3376:
3210:
3104:
1636:
Resolutions and Statements of the United Nations Security Council (1946 - 1989): a Thematic Guide
1072:
880:
802:
690:
United Kingdom to end the "peaceful resolution" of the conflict in Rhodesia had come to a close.
586:
1858:
972:
was elected by the members of the Parliament, sitting together. At the election on 28 May 1979,
3816:
3651:
2959:
2891:
2565:
2106:
2086:
206:
2576:
1634:
1494:"Now, Zimbabwe-Rhodesia: The blacks cast ballots at last, but that will not stop the shooting"
569:, was a short-lived sovereign state that existed from 1 June 1979 to 18 April 1980, though it
4160:
3924:
3889:
3884:
3831:
3779:
3738:
3723:
3701:
3323:
3310:
3119:
3047:
3022:
3007:
2971:
2881:
1089:
667:
3985:
3950:
3767:
3753:
3713:
2995:
2933:
2864:
2835:
1011:. Muzorewa also attempted to include the other African parties who had lost the election.
8:
4249:
4146:
4115:
4029:
3938:
3919:
3867:
3614:
3545:
3498:
3296:
3177:
3145:
3114:
3037:
2798:
2734:
2582:
1984:
1315:
1099:
648:
608:
289:
2622:
4173:
4110:
3599:
3535:
3258:
2783:
2724:
2485:
2417:
2170:
1864:
1755:
1462:
1365:
1288:
1192:
1141:"New Hope For A Settlement: Mrs. Thatcher finds a fresh approach for Zimbabwe-Rhodesia"
1109:
1045:
973:
949:
602:
232:
1218:
4331:
4265:
4000:
3980:
3975:
3894:
3562:
3470:
3410:
3240:
3012:
2938:
2751:
2668:
2590:
2392:
2201:
Chronologies of major developments in selected areas of foreign affairs. 1979 Jan-Sep
2174:
1992:
1951:
1872:
1731:
1640:
1348:
1262:
1196:
1114:
1064:
1056:
1024:
652:
578:
381:
2452:"The Man In The Middle In Zimbabwe-Rhodesia Is Britain's Kissinger--Lord Carrington"
1980:
Pioneers, Settlers, Aliens, Exiles: The Decolonisation of White Identity in Zimbabwe
4230:
4225:
3393:
3381:
3083:
2162:
2119:
1699:
1582:
1454:
1361:
1357:
1184:
731:
in exile, denounced what it described as "the derogatory name of 'Zimbabwe Rhodesia
442:
334:
163:
47:
1284:"The Rhodesian Bush War/Zimbabwe War of Liberation: A Political-Military Analysis"
1015:
members served as Muzorewa's ministers of justice, agriculture, and finance, with
3550:
3540:
3520:
3091:
2965:
2739:
2729:
2709:
2559:
2524:
2457:
2323:
2166:
1946:
1741:
1667:
1499:
1407:
1188:
1146:
1012:
945:
680:
2194:
666:" would be "no more legal and valid" than the UDI constitution it replaced, The
4205:
4178:
4067:
3960:
3728:
3530:
3356:
3331:
3215:
2943:
2719:
2291:
704:
176:
88:
712:
blend of "Rhodesia" and "Zimbabwe". It had first been used in the late 1960s.
4280:
4220:
4057:
3904:
3388:
3371:
3205:
2845:
2123:
2041:
2029:
1897:
992:
933:
739:
738:
The government also adopted a new national flag, featuring the same Zimbabwe
728:
716:
558:
262:
1692:"Memorandum From the President on Trade Sanctions Against Zimbabwe-Rhodesia"
4072:
4052:
4047:
4039:
3220:
3200:
3195:
3187:
1830:
924:
765:
761:
686:
627:(ZANU). The liberation war was a proxy conflict between the West and East.
1798:. Vol. 10. Facts on File, Incorporated. 1979. pp. 873, 875, 877.
1310:
745:
In response, the Voice of Zimbabwe radio service operated by ZANU–PF from
3631:
1049:
724:
644:
1611:
An Analysis of the Illegal Regime's "Constitution for Zimbabwe Rhodesia"
1466:
1369:
1343:
1261:(5th ed.). New York City: Cambridge University Press. p. 281.
679:
to strictly follow mandatory sanctions against the country. As noted by
4100:
3248:
3155:
894: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
816: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
750:
4168:
4131:
3318:
3286:
2287:"Muzorewa Names a Cabinet, Reserving Key Roles for Himself and Smith"
1988:
1458:
1000:
612:
3421:
2578:
A History of Zimbabwe, 1890-2000 and Postscript, Zimbabwe, 2001-2008
869:
791:
4077:
3490:
3478:
3452:
3225:
2815:
2688:
2676:
2653:
1662:"Sanctions Stay But the Senate battles Carter on Zimbabwe-Rhodesia"
1544:
1119:
1104:
1068:
699:
655:, due to the composition of the upper-middle class of the period.
590:
574:
428:
399:
368:
315:
276:
1052:
respectively, creating a "permanent government" for the country.
2850:
698:
As early as 1960, African nationalist political organizations in
191:
2554:
2413:"Southern Rhodesia Constitution (Interim Provisions) Order 1979"
2047:
2035:
1503:. Vol. 113, no. 18. MasterFILE Complete. 30 April 1979
1150:. Vol. 114, no. 7. MasterFILE Complete. 13 August 1979
4302:
Countries and territories where English is an official language
4135:
3290:
3269:
2611:
1671:. Vol. 113, no. 26. MasterFILE Complete. 25 June 1979
988:(UNFP) were nominated. Gumede won by 80 votes to Ndhlovu's 33.
746:
723:, who said it implied that Zimbabwe was "the son of Rhodesia".
662:
claiming that the "so-called 'Constitution of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
153:
542:
539:
489:
486:
944:) won a majority in the common-roll seats, while Ian Smith's
513:
460:
1814:. Vol. 37. Congressional Quarterly. 1979. p. 1585.
573:. Zimbabwe Rhodesia was preceded by another state named the
2065:. Africa Calls Publishers. 1979. p. 33. Archived from
1763:
545:
530:
522:
492:
477:
469:
735:". The proposed changes to the name were not implemented.
658:
The new state did not gain international recognition. The
2652:
2555:
2319:"Zimbabwe-Rhodesia Attacks Guerrilla Positions in Zambia"
1639:. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 103–105.
1558:
1515:
501:
448:
1055:
Although the name of the country formally reverted to
1826:"African Leaders United On View Of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia"
619:, a coalition of two African Leadership parties: the
607:
Under pressure from the international community, an "
519:
498:
466:
445:
1942:"Zimbabwe Rhodesia Bids To Shorten Name To Zimbabwe"
1383:
536:
527:
516:
510:
483:
474:
463:
457:
133:
Location of Zimbabwe Rhodesia (dark green)
2566:
British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring Service
2391:. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 91.
2087:
British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring Service
1924:Bull, Theodore (1967). Theodore Bull London (ed.).
533:
507:
504:
480:
454:
451:
2450:
2148:
2105:
1660:
1534:
1492:
1139:
960:President under the advice of the Prime Minister.
771:
4278:
2461:. Vol. 12, no. 17. MasterFILE Complete
2196:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs
2384:
2025:Central Bureau of Information. 1979. p. 2.
4342:States and territories disestablished in 1980
3437:
2638:
2561:Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa
2082:Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa
1254:
1250:
1248:
1246:
2978:Southern Rhodesia African National Congress
2448:
2352:"The Lancaster House Agreement 40 years on"
1860:Under the Skin: The Death of White Rhodesia
1030:
80:
4347:States and territories established in 1979
3444:
3430:
2645:
2631:
2508:HL Deb 17 December 1979 vol 403 cc1470-514
1434:
1432:
1430:
1061:Zimbabwe Rhodesia Broadcasting Corporation
948:(RF) won all of the old voter roll seats.
126:
16:1979 unrecognised state in Southern Africa
1756:"Constitution of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, 1979"
1586:. 18 July 1979. p. 4. Archived from
1243:
910:Learn how and when to remove this message
832:Learn how and when to remove this message
4352:Zimbabwe and the Commonwealth of Nations
3854:Zimbabwe and the Commonwealth of Nations
1403:"RHODESIA: First Step Toward Black Rule"
1255:Oliver, Roland; Atmore, Anthony (2009).
2349:
2260:. Blackwell: 5278. 1979. Archived from
1632:
1427:
1341:
1282:Turner, William B. (24 February 2022).
1216:
930:only election held by Zimbabwe Rhodesia
715:After taking office as Prime Minister,
4279:
3590:Unilateral Declaration of Independence
3058:Chemical weapons and biological agents
2779:Unilateral Declaration of Independence
2574:
2281:
2279:
2188:
1976:
1564:
1521:
1441:"Salvaging America's Rhodesian Policy"
1438:
1389:
1281:
850:Unilateral Declaration of Independence
685:in June 1979, United States President
583:Unilateral Declaration of Independence
3451:
3425:
2626:
2449:Hauptfuhrer, Fred (22 October 1979).
2430:from the original on 21 November 2018
2350:Solomon, Patrick (23 December 2019).
2228:Foreign Broadcast Information Service
2146:
2103:
2048:British Broadcasting Corporation 1979
2036:British Broadcasting Corporation 1979
1856:
1811:Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
1168:
1085:Colonial history of Southern Rhodesia
859:
2532:from the original on 1 November 2020
2517:
1923:
1774:from the original on 4 February 2016
1578:"Will We Destroy Zimbabwe-Rhodesia?"
1473:from the original on 2 February 2023
1095:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
892:adding citations to reliable sources
863:
814:adding citations to reliable sources
785:
303:British-supervised transition period
4287:1970s disestablishments in Rhodesia
3578:Rhodesia–Nyasaland federation
2276:
2062:Africa Calls from Zimbabwe Rhodesia
1224:International Social Science Review
991:Starting with 51 seats out of 100,
963:
13:
4006:Zimbabwe at the Commonwealth Games
2954:Responsible Government Association
2548:
2230:: 75, 78, 80. 1979. Archived from
2089:. 1980. p. 11. Archived from
1958:from the original on 10 March 2016
1838:from the original on 10 March 2016
1730:. Mambo Press. 1988. p. 422.
1727:A Concise Encyclopedia of Zimbabwe
1689:
1439:Ullman, Richard H. (1 June 1979).
1415:from the original on 28 April 2023
1342:Mutunhu, Tendai (September 1978).
1219:"Carter and the Rhodesian Problem"
14:
4363:
2984:Southern Rhodesia Communist Party
2604:
2498:from the original on 4 April 2023
2366:from the original on 2 April 2023
1618:. 1979. p. 2. Archived from
1311:"Conflict in and around Zimbabwe"
4292:1979 disestablishments in Africa
3683:Cricket crisis (2003–2007)
2610:
2575:Zvobgo, Chengetai J. M. (2009).
2556:British Broadcasting Corporation
2492:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2424:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2155:South African Historical Journal
1706:from the original on 31 May 2023
1323:from the original on 23 May 2023
1176:South African Historical Journal
868:
790:
571:lacked international recognition
441:
408:
390:
361:
111:
60:
46:
39:
4297:1979 establishments in Rhodesia
2990:Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party
2511:
2473:
2442:
2405:
2378:
2343:
2311:
2246:
2212:
2140:
2097:
2073:
2053:
2023:Zimbabwe African National Union
2009:
1970:
1934:
1917:
1885:
1850:
1818:
1802:
1786:
1748:
1718:
1696:The American Presidency Project
1683:
1653:
1633:Wellens, Karel C., ed. (1990).
1626:
1602:
1570:
1527:
1485:
978:United African National Council
954:Zimbabwe African National Union
938:United African National Council
879:needs additional citations for
846:1979 Rhodesian general election
801:needs additional citations for
782:Government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
778:1979 Rhodesian general election
772:Government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
693:
625:Zimbabwe African National Union
3790:Capital punishment in Zimbabwe
3605:1975 Victoria Falls Conference
2789:1975 Victoria Falls Conference
2385:Gowlland-Debbas, Vera (1990).
2327:. 27 June 1979. Archived from
1930:. Michael Joseph. p. 146.
1395:
1362:10.1080/00064246.1978.11412666
1335:
1303:
1275:
1210:
1162:
1132:
970:President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
621:Zimbabwe African Peoples Union
1:
4322:Former unrecognized countries
3900:Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)
3583:Malayan Emergency involvement
3002:United National Federal Party
2767:Malayan Emergency involvement
2587:Cambridge Scholars Publishing
2520:"Zimbabwe Gains Independence"
2295:. 31 May 1979. Archived from
2021:. Vol. 11–16. Zimbabwe:
1901:. 20 May 1978. Archived from
1869:Northwestern University Press
1125:
995:of the UANC was appointed as
986:United National Federal Party
641:U.S. House of Representatives
596:
94:May she be worthy of the name
2902:Ministry of External Affairs
2654:Southern Rhodesia / Rhodesia
2206:Government Publishing Office
2167:10.1080/02582473.2013.846935
1536:"Sanctions Against Rhodesia"
1189:10.1080/02582473.2013.846935
7:
3895:Dollar (suspended currency)
2518:Ross, Jay (18 April 1980).
2220:"Sub-Saharan Africa Report"
1078:
611:" was drawn up between the
10:
4368:
4312:Former countries in Africa
3637:2008–2009 cholera outbreak
2254:"Africa Research Bulletin"
1453:(Summer 1979): 1111–1122.
1019:continuing in the role of
1009:Minister without Portfolio
1005:Prime Minister of Rhodesia
775:
600:
553:), alternatively known as
105:Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia
4243:
4196:
4159:
4124:
4091:
4038:
4023:
4014:
3946:
3937:
3875:
3866:
3775:
3766:
3709:
3700:
3678:Cricket (1992–2006)
3660:
3625:Lancaster House Agreement
3506:
3497:
3489:under UDI; 1980–present:
3463:
3406:
3349:
3309:
3279:
3239:
3186:
3171:
3164:
3141:
3132:
3079:
3072:
2872:
2863:
2831:
2824:
2809:Lancaster House Agreement
2695:
2687:under UDI; 1980–present:
2661:
2360:United Kingdom Government
2224:Sub-Saharan Africa Report
2112:International Negotiation
1217:Masters, Paul E. (2000).
1037:Lancaster House Agreement
424:
340:
330:
326:
312:
299:
286:
282:
272:
268:
256:
252:
242:
238:
226:
222:
212:
202:
190:
169:
159:
149:
139:
125:
99:
76:
35:
30:
23:
3043:Leader of the Opposition
2258:Africa Research Bulletin
2147:Waddy, Nicholas (2014).
2124:10.1163/157180609X406553
1616:Commonwealth Secretariat
1169:Waddy, Nicholas (2013).
1031:End of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
660:Commonwealth Secretariat
386:Southern Rhodesia (1979)
4327:Provisional governments
2208:. pp. 28, 164–165.
1893:"Confusion in Rhobabwe"
1073:Commonwealth of Nations
1067:became the independent
160:Official languages
3749:Wards (municipalities)
3610:1976 Geneva Conference
2960:Rhodesian Action Party
2794:1976 Geneva Conference
2104:Novak, Andrew (2009).
760:The national airline,
207:Parliamentary republic
81:
3890:Zimbabwean bond notes
3885:Zimbabwean bond coins
3849:2007 political crisis
3033:Deputy Prime Minister
3008:United Rhodesia Party
2972:Rhodesia Labour Party
2836:Chimanimani Mountains
2356:History of government
1977:Fisher, J.L. (2010).
1857:Caute, David (1983).
1744:on 24 September 2017.
1090:Education in Zimbabwe
956:(ZANU) won 12 seats.
668:U.N. Security Council
170:Common languages
3714:Chimanimani District
3086:(currency from 1970)
2996:United Federal Party
2934:Central Africa Party
2887:Legislative Assembly
2619:at Wikimedia Commons
2494:. 17 December 1979.
2264:on 24 September 2017
2234:on 24 September 2017
2204:. Washington, D.C.:
2093:on 15 November 2018.
2069:on 15 November 2018.
1983:(reprint ed.).
1927:Rhodesia Perspective
1622:on 21 November 2018.
1069:Republic of Zimbabwe
1063:. On 18 April 1980,
888:improve this article
810:improve this article
721:Zephaniah Charumbira
591:Republic of Zimbabwe
575:Republic of Rhodesia
316:Republic of Zimbabwe
3734:Place name renaming
3615:Internal Settlement
3546:Second Matabele War
2799:Internal Settlement
2735:Second Matabele War
2583:Newcastle upon Tyne
2161:(2): 228–229, 237.
1985:Canberra, Australia
1567:, pp. 185–186.
1524:, pp. 184–185.
1316:Imperial War Museum
1100:History of Zimbabwe
1021:Minister of Finance
764:, was also renamed
755:Zimbabwe conference
649:political prisoners
609:Internal Settlement
290:Internal Settlement
4337:Rhodesian Bush War
3915:Telecommunications
3652:2019 fuel protests
3642:2016–2017 protests
3536:First Matabele War
3146:List of Rhodesians
3110:Telecommunications
3094:(currency to 1970)
2725:First Matabele War
2585:, United Kingdom:
2331:on 3 February 2019
1954:. 26 August 1979.
1865:Evanston, Illinois
1795:Editorials on File
1614:. United Kingdom:
1289:Small Wars Journal
1110:Rhodesian Bush War
974:Josiah Zion Gumede
950:Ndabaningi Sithole
860:Legislative Branch
603:Rhodesian Bush War
233:Josiah Zion Gumede
196:Zimbabwe Rhodesian
144:Unrecognised state
4274:
4273:
4239:
4238:
4192:
4191:
4155:
4154:
4001:Sport in Zimbabwe
3971:Human trafficking
3933:
3932:
3862:
3861:
3822:Political parties
3785:Foreign relations
3762:
3761:
3696:
3695:
3673:Cricket (to 1992)
3620:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
3563:Southern Rhodesia
3487:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
3471:Southern Rhodesia
3419:
3418:
3402:
3401:
3345:
3344:
3305:
3304:
3128:
3127:
3068:
3067:
2939:Confederate Party
2929:Political parties
2907:Mission in Lisbon
2877:Political history
2859:
2858:
2804:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
2752:Southern Rhodesia
2685:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
2669:Southern Rhodesia
2617:Southern Rhodesia
2615:Media related to
2596:978-1-4438-1360-0
2005:on 23 March 2017.
1952:Lakeland, Florida
1905:on 15 August 2017
1411:. 13 March 1978.
1349:The Black Scholar
1258:Africa Since 1800
1115:Southern Rhodesia
1065:Southern Rhodesia
1057:Southern Rhodesia
1025:P. K. van der Byl
920:
919:
912:
842:
841:
834:
653:White Zimbabweans
579:Southern Rhodesia
555:Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
437:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
434:
433:
420:
419:
416:
415:
374:
373:
118:
25:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
4359:
4317:Former republics
4307:Former countries
4259:
4252:
4036:
4035:
4021:
4020:
3944:
3943:
3873:
3872:
3773:
3772:
3719:Cities and towns
3707:
3706:
3647:2017 coup d'état
3573:Second World War
3568:colonial history
3504:
3503:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3327:
3184:
3183:
3169:
3168:
3139:
3138:
3095:
3087:
3077:
3076:
2912:Centre in Sydney
2870:
2869:
2841:Cities and towns
2829:
2828:
2762:Second World War
2757:colonial history
2647:
2640:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2614:
2600:
2569:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2454:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2001:. Archived from
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1760:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1740:. Archived from
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1700:UC Santa Barbara
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1590:on 11 March 2016
1583:Sarasota Journal
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1538:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1459:10.2307/20040275
1436:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1143:
1136:
964:Executive Branch
915:
908:
904:
901:
895:
872:
864:
837:
830:
826:
823:
817:
794:
786:
734:
676:general election
665:
559:informally known
552:
551:
548:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
495:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
472:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
412:
411:
394:
393:
378:
377:
365:
364:
358:
357:
342:
341:
335:Rhodesian dollar
308:21 December 1979
130:
120:
119:
92:
84:
82:Sit Nomine Digna
64:
50:
43:
21:
20:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4235:
4188:
4151:
4120:
4087:
4027:
4010:
3996:Public holidays
3929:
3858:
3758:
3692:
3656:
3556:First World War
3551:Second Boer War
3541:Shangani Patrol
3521:Rudd Concession
3493:
3459:
3450:
3420:
3415:
3398:
3341:
3326:(South African)
3325:
3301:
3275:
3235:
3175:
3160:
3151:Public holidays
3124:
3093:
3085:
3064:
3053:Security Forces
2966:Rhodesian Front
2855:
2820:
2745:First World War
2740:Second Boer War
2730:Shangani Patrol
2710:Rudd Concession
2691:
2657:
2651:
2607:
2597:
2551:
2549:Further reading
2546:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2525:Washington Post
2516:
2512:
2501:
2499:
2481:"Zimbabwe Bill"
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2324:Washington Post
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2299:on 24 June 2018
2285:
2284:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2145:
2141:
2128:
2126:
2102:
2098:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2015:
2014:
2010:
1999:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1947:Lakeland Ledger
1940:
1939:
1935:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1871:. p. 354.
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1738:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1690:Carter, Jimmy.
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1446:Foreign Affairs
1437:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1392:, pp. 186.
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1253:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1081:
1050:Sir Antony Duff
1033:
1013:Rhodesian Front
982:Timothy Ndhlovu
966:
946:Rhodesian Front
916:
905:
899:
896:
885:
873:
862:
838:
827:
821:
818:
807:
795:
784:
776:Main articles:
774:
732:
705:Dzimba dzamabwe
696:
663:
633:Patriotic Front
623:(ZAPU) and the
617:Patriotic Front
605:
599:
526:
497:
473:
444:
440:
409:
404:Zimbabwe (1980)
403:
391:
385:
362:
319:
305:
292:
259:
229:
197:
186:
135:
134:
121:
112:
108:
95:
86:
72:
71:
70:
65:
57:
56:
51:
44:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4365:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4261:
4260:
4253:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4033:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3966:Child marriage
3963:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3925:Transportation
3922:
3917:
3912:
3910:Stock exchange
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3844:Prime Minister
3841:
3840:
3839:
3837:Vice-President
3829:
3827:Heads of State
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3729:Great Zimbabwe
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3668:Constitutional
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3531:Pioneer Column
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3181:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3120:Transportation
3117:
3112:
3107:
3105:Stock Exchange
3102:
3097:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3028:Prime Minister
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2946:
2944:Dominion Party
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Municipalities
2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2720:Pioneer Column
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656: articles
2650:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2606:
2605:External links
2603:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2571:
2570:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2510:
2472:
2441:
2404:
2397:
2377:
2342:
2310:
2292:New York Times
2275:
2245:
2211:
2187:
2139:
2096:
2072:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2008:
1997:
1991:. p. 58.
1969:
1933:
1916:
1884:
1877:
1849:
1817:
1801:
1785:
1747:
1736:
1717:
1682:
1652:
1645:
1625:
1601:
1569:
1557:
1526:
1514:
1484:
1426:
1394:
1382:
1334:
1302:
1274:
1267:
1242:
1209:
1183:(2): 227–248.
1161:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1032:
1029:
997:Prime Minister
965:
962:
918:
917:
876:
874:
867:
861:
858:
840:
839:
798:
796:
789:
773:
770:
740:soapstone bird
695:
692:
674:condemned the
672:Resolution 448
601:Main article:
598:
595:
432:
431:
426:
422:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
406:
396:
395:
388:
375:
372:
371:
366:
354:
353:
348:
338:
337:
332:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
313:
310:
309:
306:
300:
297:
296:
293:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
274:
273:Historical era
270:
269:
266:
265:
260:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
244:Prime Minister
240:
239:
236:
235:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
216:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
185:
184:
179:
173:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
132:
131:
123:
122:
110:
97:
96:
93:
74:
73:
66:
59:
58:
52:
45:
38:
37:
36:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4364:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4025:Ethnic groups
4022:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Zimbabwe Gold
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3477:; 1965–1979:
3476:
3473:; 1953–1963:
3472:
3469:; 1923–1980:
3468:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3174:
3173:Ethnic groups
3170:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:Federal Party
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2851:Zambezi River
2849:
2847:
2846:Limpopo River
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2445:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2400:
2398:9780792308119
2394:
2390:
2389:
2381:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2233:
2229:
2226:(2114–2120).
2225:
2221:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2143:
2137:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2050:, pp. 7.
2049:
2044:
2038:, pp. 3.
2037:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2018:Zimbabwe News
2012:
2004:
2000:
1998:9781921666148
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1898:The Spectator
1894:
1888:
1880:
1878:9780810106581
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1737:9780869224410
1733:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1648:
1646:9780792307969
1642:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1356:(1): 2, 4–5.
1355:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1268:9780511800283
1264:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:, the former
1002:
998:
994:
993:Abel Muzorewa
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
961:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:Abel Muzorewa
931:
926:
914:
911:
903:
893:
889:
883:
882:
877:This section
875:
871:
866:
865:
857:
855:
851:
847:
836:
833:
825:
815:
811:
805:
804:
799:This section
797:
793:
788:
787:
783:
779:
769:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
736:
730:
729:Robert Mugabe
726:
722:
718:
717:Abel Muzorewa
713:
709:
707:
706:
701:
691:
688:
684:
683:
677:
673:
669:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
636:
634:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
604:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
550:
438:
430:
427:
425:Today part of
423:
407:
405:
402:
398:
397:
389:
387:
384:
380:
379:
376:
370:
367:
360:
359:
356:
355:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
339:
336:
333:
329:
325:
322:18 April 1980
321:
317:
311:
307:
304:
298:
294:
291:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
267:
264:
263:Abel Muzorewa
261:
255:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
234:
231:
225:
221:
217:
215:
211:
208:
205:
201:
195:
193:
189:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
129:
124:
106:
102:
98:
90:
83:
79:
75:
69:
63:
55:
49:
42:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4216:Coat of arms
4016:Demographics
3991:Prostitution
3956:Architecture
3880:Central bank
3795:Human rights
3619:
3526:Company rule
3516:Pre-colonial
3486:
3467:Company rule
3367:Coat of arms
3165:Demographics
3100:Reserve Bank
2803:
2715:Company rule
2705:Pre-colonial
2684:
2665:Company rule
2577:
2560:
2534:. Retrieved
2523:
2513:
2500:. Retrieved
2484:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2456:
2444:
2432:. Retrieved
2416:
2407:
2387:
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2355:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:the original
2322:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:the original
2290:
2266:. Retrieved
2262:the original
2257:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2232:the original
2223:
2214:
2200:
2190:
2178:. Retrieved
2158:
2154:
2142:
2127:. Retrieved
2115:
2111:
2099:
2091:the original
2081:
2075:
2067:the original
2061:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2017:
2011:
2003:the original
1979:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1945:
1936:
1926:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1903:the original
1896:
1887:
1859:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1831:Toledo Blade
1829:
1820:
1810:
1804:
1794:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1762:
1750:
1742:the original
1726:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1695:
1685:
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1666:
1655:
1635:
1628:
1620:the original
1610:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1581:
1572:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1540:
1529:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1498:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1450:
1444:
1417:. Retrieved
1406:
1397:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1353:
1347:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1314:
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1287:
1277:
1257:
1233:. Retrieved
1228:
1222:
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1180:
1174:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1145:
1134:
1054:
1034:
1007:, who was a
990:
967:
958:
925:delimitation
921:
906:
897:
886:Please help
881:verification
878:
843:
828:
819:
808:Please help
803:verification
800:
766:Air Zimbabwe
762:Air Rhodesia
759:
757:in London".
744:
737:
714:
710:
703:
697:
694:Nomenclature
687:Jimmy Carter
681:
657:
637:
629:
606:
587:Commonwealth
566:
562:
554:
436:
435:
400:
382:
351:Succeeded by
350:
345:
258:• 1979
228:• 1979
100:
78:Motto:
77:
68:Coat of arms
18:
4068:Rusape Jews
3807:Land reform
3800:LGBT rights
3632:Gukurahundi
3465:1890–1923:
3216:Rusape Jews
2675:; 1965–79:
2671:; 1953–63:
2667:; 1923–80:
2663:1890–1923:
2118:: 149–150.
1989:ANU E Press
1565:Zvobgo 2009
1522:Zvobgo 2009
1390:Zvobgo 2009
1071:within the
1046:Lord Soames
1017:David Smith
980:(UANC) and
900:August 2023
822:August 2023
645:U.S. Senate
346:Preceded by
295:1 June 1979
109:(1974–1979)
4281:Categories
4116:Portuguese
4101:Afrikaners
3832:Presidents
3817:Parliament
3508:Chronology
3475:Federation
3249:Afrikaners
3156:Rhodesiana
2892:Parliament
2772:Federation
2673:Federation
1778:3 February
1541:CQ Almanac
1126:References
751:Mozambique
597:Background
203:Government
192:Demonym(s)
4184:Sindebele
4169:Afrikaans
4161:Languages
4132:Coloureds
3780:Elections
3739:Provinces
3724:Districts
3702:Geography
3319:Afrikaans
3311:Languages
3287:Coloureds
3048:Provinces
3023:President
2897:Elections
2882:Districts
2825:Geography
2488:1803-2005
2420:1803-2005
2175:159650816
1197:159650816
1041:elections
1001:Ian Smith
932:, Bishop
727:, led by
383:De facto:
214:President
198:Rhodesian
182:Sindebele
154:Salisbury
31:1979–1980
4332:Rhodesia
4266:Category
4078:Tokaleya
4030:diaspora
3986:Polygamy
3951:Abortion
3812:Military
3768:Politics
3754:Wildlife
3688:Military
3661:By topic
3600:Bush War
3595:Rhodesia
3491:Zimbabwe
3485:; 1979:
3479:Rhodesia
3457:articles
3453:Zimbabwe
3411:Category
3389:Insignia
3382:national
3324:English
3226:Tokaleya
3178:diaspora
3018:Governor
2865:Politics
2816:Zimbabwe
2784:Bush War
2689:Zimbabwe
2683:; 1979:
2677:Rhodesia
2558:(1979).
2536:4 August
2530:Archived
2502:4 August
2496:Archived
2465:4 August
2434:4 August
2428:Archived
2370:4 August
2364:Archived
2335:4 August
2303:4 August
2268:4 August
2238:4 August
2198:(1979).
2180:5 August
2129:5 August
1962:4 August
1956:Archived
1909:4 August
1842:4 August
1836:Archived
1769:Archived
1710:4 August
1704:Archived
1675:4 August
1594:4 August
1550:28 April
1545:CQ Press
1507:4 August
1477:28 April
1471:Archived
1467:20040275
1419:28 April
1413:Archived
1375:28 April
1370:41163648
1327:4 August
1321:Archived
1295:4 August
1235:4 August
1202:4 August
1154:4 August
1120:Zimbabwe
1105:Rhodesia
1079:See also
1023:, while
700:Rhodesia
567:Rhodesia
563:Zimbabwe
429:Zimbabwe
401:De jure:
369:Rhodesia
331:Currency
318:founded
277:Cold War
4250:Outline
4198:Symbols
4174:English
4147:Indians
4136:Goffals
4106:British
4063:Ndebele
4058:Manyika
3939:Culture
3920:Tourism
3868:Economy
3499:History
3350:Symbols
3337:Ndebele
3297:Indians
3291:Goffals
3270:Rhodies
3254:British
3211:Ndebele
3206:Manyika
3134:Society
3115:Tourism
3084:Dollar
3073:Economy
3038:Cabinet
2980:(SRANC)
2697:History
2486:Hansard
2418:Hansard
2136:ALT URL
984:of the
976:of the
725:ZANU–PF
589:as the
557:, also
314:•
301:•
288:•
164:English
150:Capital
103: "
101:Anthem:
4231:Flower
4221:Emblem
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