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570:, an island in the Sea of Marmara, on charges of attempted regicide. She was forcibly tonsured and sworn into a religious order. This treatment of the legitimate heir to the Macedonian Dynasty caused a popular uprising in Constantinople. Michael V, desperate to keep his throne, brought Zoe back from Principus and displayed her to the people, but his insistence that he continue to rule alongside her was in vain. On 19 April 1042, the mob revolted against Michael V in support of not only Zoe but also Theodora.
599:
381:, the senior co-ruler, prevented his nieces from marrying any of the Byzantine nobility, as this would have given their husbands a claim on the imperial throne. As women they were unable to exercise any state authority; their only say in this was in choosing, or more likely accepting or not, a husband who would acquire their authority upon marriage. Consequently, Zoe lived a life of virtual obscurity in the imperial
610:
Officially Zoe was the senior empress, and her throne was situated slightly in front of
Theodora's on all public occasions. In practice Theodora was the driving force behind the joint administration. The sisters proceeded to administer the empire, focusing on curbing the sale of public offices and on
489:
Zoe was obsessed with continuing the
Macedonian dynasty. Almost immediately upon marrying Romanos the fifty-year-old Zoe tried desperately to become pregnant. She used magic charms, amulets, and potions, all without effect. This failure to conceive helped alienate the couple, and soon Romanos refused
531:
to officiate at the coronation of the new emperor. Although he initially refused to co-operate, the payment of 50 pounds of gold helped change his mind. Zoe's new husband took power as
Michael IV. His abrupt rise to power had left him unprepared to rule, and he delegated much of the business of
456:
of
Constantinople, was the next to be considered as a match. Theodora defied her father by refusing to marry Romanos, arguing that he was already married – his wife having been forced to become a nun to allow Romanos to marry into the imperial family – and that as third
314:
in 996 failed to materialise, Zoe spent subsequent years in the imperial palace. Her uncle Basil died in 1025 when Zoe was 47, and her father acceded the
Byzantine throne as Constantine VIII. As he had no sons, Constantine hoped to continue the dynasty by marrying off one of his daughters. Zoe, aged
473:
Spending years in the same restrictive quarters with her sister, Zoe had come to loathe
Theodora. Zoe convinced Romanos to appoint one of his own men as the chief of Theodora's household, with orders to spy on her. Shortly afterwards, Theodora was accused of plotting to usurp the throne, first with
457:
cousins they had too close a blood relationship for marriage to occur. Consequently, Constantine VIII chose Zoe to be
Romanos's wife. Zoe and Romanos married on 10 November 1028 in the imperial chapel of the palace. The next day Constantine died and the newlyweds were seated on the imperial throne.
614:
Theodora and Zoe appeared together at meetings of the Senate and gave public audiences, but it was soon apparent that their joint reign was under strain. Zoe was still jealous of
Theodora and had no desire to administer the empire; but she would not allow Theodora to conduct public business alone.
594:
and the people demanded that the sisters should jointly reign. As her first act
Theodora was called upon to deal with Michael V. Zoe wanted to pardon and free Michael, but Theodora was clear and adamant. She initially guaranteed Michael's safety, but then ordered him to be blinded and to spend the
577:
Constantine
Cabasilas went to the monastery at Petrion to convince Theodora to become co-empress alongside her sister. Theodora had become accustomed to a life of religious contemplation and tried to refuse the proposal, but the delegates brought her forcibly back to the capital. At an assembly in
633:
Her preference was for Constantine Dalassenos, who had been her father's first choice as her husband back in 1028. He was brought for an audience before the Empress, but during their conversation his independent and forceful manner displeased Zoe, and he was dismissed from her presence. Her next
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In the eyes of the public however, Constantine IX's preferential treatment of Skleraina was a scandal, and eventually rumours began to spread that Skleraina was planning to murder Zoe, and possibly Theodora. This led to a popular uprising by the citizens of Constantinople in 1044, which came
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dangerously close to actually harming Constantine who was participating in a religious procession along the streets of Constantinople. The mob was only quieted by the appearance on a balcony of Zoe and Theodora, who reassured the people that they were not in any danger of assassination.
634:
choice was the married Constantine Atroklines, a court official with whom it was rumoured that she had had an affair during the reign of Romanos III. He died under mysterious circumstances a few days before the wedding was to take place, possibly poisoned by his own soon to be ex-wife.
648:. Not content with bringing her to court, he insisted that he be allowed to publicly share his life with her, and that she obtain some official recognition. The 64-year-old Zoe did not object to sharing her bed and her throne with Skleraina. Skleraina was given the title of
338:, transferring power to him. However, she continued to rule the empire as its heir and as the Byzantine empress. Eight years later, Zoe died aged 72. Her reign saw the decline of the Roman army, and the first incursions by the Turks into eastern Anatolia.
615:
The court began to split, with factions forming behind each empress. After two months of increasing acrimony, Zoe decided to search for a new husband – thereby denying Theodora the opportunity to increase her influence. By the rules of the
665:
commented that "every part of her was firm and in good condition". Recognising her own beauty and its use as a tool of statecraft, Zoe attempted to maximise and prolong its effect with a variety of treatments. She operated a cosmetics laboratory in the
670:, and was said to have carried out experiments to improve the efficacy of the perfumes and unguents prepared there. Psellus reports that her face looked youthful into her sixties. Zoe died in 1050, aged 72. She was buried in Constantinople.
539:
Although Zoe believed Michael would prove to be a more devoted husband than Romanos, she was mistaken. Fearing that Zoe would turn on him as she had turned on his predecessor, Michael excluded her from politics and sent her back to the
641:, another former lover. The pair were married on 11 June 1042, without the participation of Patriarch Alexios, who refused to officiate over a third marriage (for both spouses). Constantine was crowned by the patriarch the next day.
611:
the administration of justice. Although contemporary historian Michael Psellus claimed the joint reign was a complete failure, John Scylitzes stated that they were very conscientious in rectifying the abuses of the previous reigns.
417:
When Basil II died, Constantine VIII took the throne. His reign as sole emperor lasted less than three years, from 15 December 1025 to 11 November 1028. Another opportunity for Zoe to marry arose in 1028 when an embassy from the
500:
In early 1034 Romanos became ill and it was widely believed that Zoe and Michael were conspiring to have him poisoned. On 11 April Romanos was found dying in his bath. According to court official and later chronicler
434:, was only ten years old. Constantine determined that the ruling house would be continued by one of his daughters being married to an appropriate aristocrat. The first potential match was the distinguished noble
410:, was a very plain girl. Arnulf, therefore, selected the attractive 23-year-old Zoe, to which Basil II agreed. In January 1002 she accompanied Arnulf back to Italy, only to discover when the ship reached
326:, or both. Zoe and Michael were married on the same day as the supposed murder, and he was crowned Emperor Michael IV on the following day. In 1041, Zoe was persuaded to adopt her dying husband's nephew,
547:
Michael's health was bad throughout his reign, and by 1041 it was obvious that he was dying. Eager to ensure that power remained in his hands, John the Eunuch forced Zoe to adopt his nephew
551:. On 10 December 1041, Michael IV died, refusing to the last to see his wife who begged that she be allowed to visit him one more time. Kalaphates was crowned emperor as Michael V.
582:
the people escorted a furious Theodora and proclaimed her empress along with Zoe. They were both crowned on 21 April and Michael V was forced to take refuge in a monastery.
493:
Zoe, furious and frustrated, engaged in a number of affairs. Romanos tolerated these and took a mistress himself. In 1033 Zoe became enamoured of a low-born servant called
1295:: "Michaelus in monasterium Elegmorum, 21 die Aprilis... Augusta Zoe nupsit... die Iunii undecima anni eius quem supra indicavimus. postridie coronatus est a patriarcha."
448:. The emperor's advisors preferred a weak ruler whom they could control and they persuaded him to reject Dalassenos after he had already been summoned to the capital.
654:, ranking behind Zoe and Theodora, and was addressed as mistress or empress, like them. At official events Skleraina took position immediately behind the sisters.
497:. She flaunted her lover openly and spoke about making him emperor. Rumours of her conduct led Romanos to confront Michael, who denied aspiring to the throne.
4163:
544:, where she was kept under strict surveillance. The disgruntled empress tried to alter the balance of power by conspiring against John, without success.
322:
Zoe's marriage to Romanos III was troubled, and Romanos was found dead in his bath in 1034. His death has been variously attributed to Zoe, her lover
330:. Once Michael V became emperor, he promptly exiled Zoe. This action sparked a popular revolt which dethroned him and installed Zoe and her sister
1542:
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with a proposal for an imperial marriage. Constantine and Zoe rejected the idea out of hand when it was revealed that the intended groom,
369:, "born into the purple"; this was the appellation for a child born in the capital to a reigning emperor. She was the second daughter of
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Zoe got more than she bargained for when Constantine decided to bring with him to his new station his long-standing mistress
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Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
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Arab captives, taken after the victory of Nikephoros Karantenos over an Arab fleet, are brought before Emperor Romanos III.
402:, was tasked with selecting Otto's bride from among Constantine's three daughters. The eldest, Eudocia, was disfigured by
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some of his retinue had "held his head for a long time beneath the water, attempting at the same time to strangle him".
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2018:
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Panas, Marios; Poulakou-Rebelakou, Effie; Kalfakis, Nicoalos; Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios (September 2012).
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to share the marriage bed with her. Romanos limited his wife's spending and paid her little attention.
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482:, in 1031. Zoe accused her of being part of the conspiracy, and Theodora was forcibly confined in the
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Zoe and Michael were married on the same day that Romanos III died. The next day they summoned the
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as joint empresses. After a two-month joint reign, Zoe married a former lover who was installed as
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indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
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Although he had pledged to respect Zoe, Michael V promptly banished her to a monastery on
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Zoe immediately assumed power and tried to force Theodora back to her monastery, but the
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Zᴏᴇ, daughter of Constantine VIII, 21 April 1042–11 June 1042 (with her sister Theodora.
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1613:(2006). "Zoe Porphyrogenita (wife of Romanus III, Constantine IX, and Michael IV)".
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of Petrion. Zoe later visited her sister and forced her to take religious vows.
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As an eligible imperial princess Zoe was considered a possible bride for the
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377:. Her father had become co-emperor, at the age of two, in 962. His brother
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1686:"The Byzantine Empress Zoe Porphyrogenita and the quest for eternal youth"
626:
Zoe (left), Constantine IX (centre), and Theodora (right) depicted on the
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It is said that Zoe was stunningly beautiful, and Michael Psellos in his
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writes as a simple fact that Romanos was drowned on Michael's orders.
319:. She and Romanos took the throne the next day on her father's death.
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Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors
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Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum
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her next marriage, her third, was the last she was permitted.
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of Zoe and Theodora, dating from their joint reign in 1042.
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Michael IV and his men in front of the Bulgarian barricade.
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in 1030, followed by Constantine Diogenes, the governor of
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to a series of co-rulers, two of whom were married to her.
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depicting Basil II and Constantine VIII, holding a cross
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67:: a caption (not shown) reads, "Zoe, the very pious
398:, in 996. A second embassy sent in 1001, headed by
1504:
818:
586:Ruling with Theodora and Constantine IX: 1042–1050
59:Contemporary mosaic of Zoe presenting a scroll to
3233:
23:, who was an ancestor of Zoe Porphyrogenita, see
4110:
1633:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
414:that Otto had died, forcing her to return home.
1518:
3219:
1838:
1602:History of the Byzantine Empire from 716–1057
4093:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
1738:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
637:Zoe then remembered the handsome and urbane
1671:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
1666:
983:
757:. Vol. 1. Рипол Классик. p. 682.
4164:Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles
3226:
3212:
1845:
1831:
1541:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
341:
53:
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1701:
1199:
1187:
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1531:. Translated by E. R. A. Sewter. London.
1448:
713:
621:
597:
553:
515:
464:
461:From Romanos III to Michael V: 1028–1042
349:
1647:
1623:
1609:
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306:was nominal co-emperor to his brother,
4111:
1598:
1555:Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum
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1436:
1397:
1373:
1328:
1304:
1238:
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513:'s account has Zoe poisoning Romanos.
270:
3207:
1826:
1551:
1273:
1271:
532:governing to his brother, the eunuch
46:Empress and Autocratess of the Romans
1573:
387:(women's quarters) for many years.
291:. Before that she was enthroned as
13:
1630:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1498:
1268:
14:
4200:
1584:. Millers Point, N.S.W.: Pier 9.
16:Byzantine empress regnant in 1042
4144:11th-century Byzantine empresses
1703:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2012.00629.x
680:
279:978 – 1050) was a member of the
4189:Daughters of Byzantine emperors
4134:11th-century Byzantine emperors
1690:Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
1605:. William Blackwood & Sons.
1558:. Berlin-New York: De Gruyter.
4174:11th-century empresses regnant
1669:History of The Byzantine State
707:
400:Arnulf II, Archbishop of Milan
310:. After a planned marriage to
287:in 1042, alongside her sister
1:
4169:1040s in the Byzantine Empire
4101:incidates an empress regnant.
1740:. Stanford University Press.
1648:Norwich, John Julius (1993).
1528:[English translation]
701:
343:
302:Zoe was born when her father
276:
154:
4179:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
4139:10th-century Byzantine women
3931:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
1667:Ostrogorsky, George (1957).
595:rest of his life as a monk.
87:21 April 1042 – 11 June 1042
7:
4154:Byzantine empresses regnant
4149:Remarried empresses consort
1580:Canduci, Alexander (2010).
673:
312:Holy Roman Emperor Otto III
27:. For his second wife, see
10:
4205:
3118:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3069:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2956:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1736:Treadgold, Warren (1997).
1493:
696:List of Byzantine emperors
18:
4088:
4055:
3966:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
3684:
3605:
3553:
3467:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
3440:
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3194:
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3091:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3059:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2884:Constantine IX Monomachos
2572:
2469:
2352:
2179:
2017:
1865:
1811:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1757:
1727:Sherrard, Philip (1966).
1552:Thurn, Hans, ed. (1973).
260:
236:
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214:
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171:
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133:Byzantine empress consort
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78:Byzantine empress regnant
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3054:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1616:De Imperatoribus Romanis
606:mosaic of Constantine IX
3884:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3490:Flavia Julia Constantia
2909:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2543:Tiberius II Constantine
1599:Finlay, George (1853).
688:Byzantine Empire portal
573:A delegation headed by
534:John the Orphanotrophos
283:who briefly reigned as
19:For the fourth wife of
3407:Marcia Otacilia Severa
3064:Michael IX Palaiologos
639:Constantine Monomachos
630:
607:
563:
521:
470:
436:Constantine Dalassenos
406:, while the youngest,
360:
3971:Theodora Palaiologina
3941:Anna Komnene Angelina
3879:Catherine of Bulgaria
3810:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
3279:Agrippina the Younger
3158:Thessalonian emperors
3152:Trapezuntine emperors
3113:John VIII Palaiologos
3108:Manuel II Palaiologos
3079:John VI Kantakouzenos
2995:Andronikos I Komnenos
2832:Constantine Lekapenos
1860:and empresses regnant
1650:Byzantium: The Apogee
749:Warwick William Wroth
625:
601:
557:
519:
468:
353:
4042:Sophia of Montferrat
3961:Anna of Hohenstaufen
3820:Theophano Martinakia
3728:Theodora of Khazaria
3361:Julia Cornelia Paula
3324:Faustina the Younger
3096:John VII Palaiologos
3044:Theodore II Laskaris
2904:Constantine X Doukas
2844:Nikephoros II Phokas
1077:, pp. 276, 279.
142:1028–1041, 1042–1050
106:Michael V Kalaphates
4020:Keratsa of Bulgaria
4003:Helena Kantakouzene
3983:Irene of Montferrat
3946:Philippa of Armenia
3926:Margaret of Hungary
3778:Theophano of Athens
3597:Julius Nepos's wife
3412:Herennia Etruscilla
3235:Roman and Byzantine
3027:Theodore I Laskaris
3012:Alexios III Angelos
2990:Alexios II Komnenos
2914:Romanos IV Diogenes
2869:Romanos III Argyros
2815:Romanos I Lekapenos
1759:Zoe Porphyrogenita
1652:. London: Penguin.
815:, pp. 503–504.
726:on 20 December 2018
315:50, was married to
4129:Macedonian dynasty
4047:Maria of Trebizond
4013:Irene Palaiologina
3993:Irene of Brunswick
3951:Maria of Courtenay
3911:Bertha of Sulzbach
3319:Faustina the Elder
3294:Statilia Messalina
3146:Britannic emperors
3140:Palmyrene emperors
3074:John V Palaiologos
3017:Alexios IV Angelos
2966:Constantine Doukas
2961:Alexios I Komnenos
2949:Constantine Doukas
2932:Michael VII Doukas
2894:Michael VI Bringas
2460:Romulus Augustulus
2083:Trebonianus Gallus
2076:Herennius Etruscus
1858:Byzantine emperors
1764:Macedonian dynasty
1731:. Time-Life Books.
1625:Kazhdan, Alexander
631:
608:
564:
549:Michael Kalaphates
522:
471:
392:Holy Roman Emperor
361:
328:Michael Kalaphates
281:Macedonian dynasty
261:Ζωή Πορφυρογέννητη
249:Zoe Porphyrogenita
39:Zoe Porphyrogenita
4106:
4105:
4075:Byzantine emperor
3904:Dobrodeia of Kiev
3680:
3679:
3484:Valeria Maximilla
3422:Cornelia Salonina
3376:Sallustia Orbiana
3201:
3200:
3039:John III Vatatzes
2985:Manuel I Komnenos
2724:Michael I Rangabe
2568:
2567:
2410:Petronius Maximus
2009:Severus Alexander
1977:Septimius Severus
1821:
1820:
1812:Succeeded by
1800:Byzantine Empress
1747:978-0-8047-2630-6
1659:978-0-14-011448-5
1591:978-1-74196-598-8
1574:Secondary sources
1565:978-3-11-002285-8
1461:Panas et al. 2012
1279:Georgius Cedrenus
764:978-5-87507-066-2
511:Matthew of Edessa
420:Holy Roman Empire
285:Byzantine empress
246:
245:
4196:
4159:Porphyrogennetoi
4025:Irene Gattilusio
3936:Eudokia Angelina
3916:Maria of Antioch
3899:Irene of Hungary
3835:Zoe Karbonopsina
3815:Eudokia Ingerina
3688:Byzantine Empire
3551:
3550:
3396:Caecilia Paulina
3354:Fulvia Plautilla
3344:Manlia Scantilla
3334:Bruttia Crispina
3269:Milonia Caesonia
3228:
3221:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3049:John IV Laskaris
3022:Alexios V Doukas
3007:Isaac II Angelos
2973:John II Komnenos
2899:Isaac I Komnenos
2859:Constantine VIII
2849:John I Tzimiskes
2576:Byzantine Empire
2350:
2349:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1790:Preceded by
1780:
1773:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1732:
1723:
1705:
1680:
1663:
1644:
1620:
1606:
1595:
1569:
1546:
1540:
1532:
1515:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1047:
1041:
1026:
1020:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
984:Ostrogorsky 1957
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
847:
841:
816:
810:
804:
798:
789:
783:
772:
771:
745:
736:
735:
733:
731:
722:. Archived from
711:
690:
685:
684:
683:
628:Monomachus Crown
371:Constantine VIII
345:
278:
274:
269:
262:
231:Constantine VIII
156:
57:
36:
35:
25:Zoe Karbonopsina
4204:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4084:
4051:
3988:Rita of Armenia
3976:Anna of Hungary
3956:Irene Laskarina
3921:Agnes of France
3889:Maria of Alania
3840:Helena Lekapene
3690:
3687:
3676:
3609:
3601:
3585:Marcia Euphemia
3580:Licinia Eudoxia
3557:
3549:
3540:Aelia Flaccilla
3462:Galeria Valeria
3444:
3436:
3417:Cornelia Supera
3388:
3380:
3309:Pompeia Plotina
3304:Domitia Longina
3299:Galeria Fundana
3284:Claudia Octavia
3259:Livia Orestilla
3246:
3238:
3232:
3202:
3197:
3190:
3134:Gallic emperors
3122:
2810:Constantine VII
2591:Constantine III
2578:
2575:
2564:
2473:
2465:
2404:Valentinian III
2392:Constantius III
2386:Priscus Attalus
2370:Constantine III
2356:
2348:
2238:Valerius Valens
2183:
2175:
2021:
2013:
1972:Didius Julianus
1952:Marcus Aurelius
1869:
1861:
1851:
1817:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1748:
1660:
1641:
1592:
1576:
1566:
1534:
1533:
1520:Michael Psellus
1506:Michael Psellus
1501:
1499:Primary sources
1496:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1276:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1177:
1173:, p. 2038.
1169:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1050:
1046:, p. 2228.
1042:
1029:
1021:
1014:
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
982:
978:
970:
966:
958:
954:
946:
942:
934:
930:
922:
915:
907:
903:
895:
891:
883:
879:
871:
867:
859:
850:
842:
819:
811:
807:
799:
792:
784:
775:
765:
746:
739:
729:
727:
720:hagiasophia.com
712:
708:
704:
686:
681:
679:
676:
646:Maria Skleraina
617:Orthodox Church
588:
503:Michael Psellus
463:
450:Romanos Argyros
348:
317:Romanos Argyros
293:empress consort
264:
206:
201:
189:
176:
162:
158:
72:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4202:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4104:
4103:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4035:Anna of Moscow
4027:
4022:
4017:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3896:
3894:Irene Doukaina
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3830:Eudokia Baïana
3827:
3825:Zoe Zaoutzaina
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3768:Maria of Amnia
3765:
3757:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3607:Eastern Empire
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3575:Galla Placidia
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:Western Empire
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3427:Ulpia Severina
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3390:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3371:Annia Faustina
3368:
3366:Aquilia Severa
3363:
3358:
3346:
3341:
3339:Flavia Titiana
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3289:Poppaea Sabina
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3264:Lollia Paulina
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3247:27 BC – AD 235
3240:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3093:
3088:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2953:
2929:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:Theodora (III)
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2785:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2751:
2739:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:Constantine VI
2701:
2696:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Theodosius III
2665:
2660:
2655:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2613:Constantine IV
2610:
2605:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2471:Eastern Empire
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:Western Empire
2347:
2346:
2339:
2327:Magnus Maximus
2323:
2321:Valentinian II
2318:
2313:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2255:
2253:Constantius II
2250:
2248:Constantine II
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2098:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1947:Antoninus Pius
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1870:27 BC – AD 235
1863:
1862:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1815:Constantine IX
1813:
1810:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1785:Regnal titles
1782:
1781:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1733:
1724:
1696:(3): 245–248.
1681:
1664:
1658:
1645:
1639:
1627:, ed. (1991).
1621:
1611:Garland, Lynda
1607:
1596:
1590:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1487:, p. 325.
1477:
1475:, p. 526.
1465:
1453:
1441:
1439:, p. 503.
1426:
1424:, p. 309.
1414:
1412:, p. 308.
1402:
1400:, p. 501.
1390:
1388:, p. 307.
1378:
1376:, p. 499.
1366:
1364:, p. 306.
1345:
1343:, p. 305.
1333:
1331:, p. 498.
1321:
1319:, p. 301.
1309:
1307:, p. 497.
1297:
1267:
1265:, p. 299.
1255:
1253:, p. 298.
1243:
1241:, p. 496.
1228:
1226:, p. 297.
1216:
1214:, p. 295.
1204:
1202:, p. 589.
1200:Treadgold 1997
1192:
1190:, p. 590.
1188:Treadgold 1997
1175:
1163:
1161:, p. 495.
1151:
1149:, p. 289.
1139:
1137:, p. 286.
1127:
1125:, p. 280.
1115:
1113:, p. 480.
1103:
1101:, p. 478.
1091:
1089:, p. 586.
1087:Treadgold 1997
1079:
1067:
1065:, p. 278.
1048:
1027:
1025:, p. 276.
1012:
1010:, p. 275.
1000:
998:, p. 272.
988:
986:, p. 289.
976:
974:, p. 627.
964:
962:, p. 469.
952:
950:, p. 271.
940:
938:, p. 257.
928:
926:, p. 270.
913:
911:, p. 465.
901:
899:, p. 464.
889:
887:, p. 258.
877:
875:, p. 253.
865:
863:, p. 269.
848:
817:
805:
803:, p. 503.
790:
788:, p. 259.
773:
763:
737:
714:Hagia Sophia.
705:
703:
700:
699:
698:
692:
691:
675:
672:
587:
584:
529:Alexios I
507:John Scylitzes
462:
459:
424:Constantinople
366:Porphyrogenita
347:
340:
336:Constantine IX
297:empress mother
272:[zoˈi]
266:Medieval Greek
251:(also spelled
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
208:Constantine IX
195:
191:
190:
188:Constantinople
187:
185:
181:
180:
178:Constantinople
175:1050 (aged 72)
173:
169:
168:
160:Constantinople
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
116:Constantine IX
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
95:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
74:
73:
58:
50:
49:
41:
40:
29:Zoe Zaoutzaina
21:Emperor Leo VI
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4201:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4063:Roman emperor
4061:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4030:Helena Dragaš
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4008:Irene Asanina
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3998:Anna of Savoy
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:Fabia Eudokia
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Ino Anastasia
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:Aelia Eudocia
3620:
3618:
3617:Aelia Eudoxia
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3515:Marina Severa
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3432:Magnia Urbica
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3193:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2771:Theodora (II)
2769:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:Constantine V
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Anastasius II
2661:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Theodosius II
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Valentinian I
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2216:Constantine I
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Constantius I
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1640:0-19-504652-8
1636:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1526:Chronographia
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1511:Chronographia
1510:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1451:, p. 79.
1450:
1449:Sherrard 1966
1445:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1184:
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1172:
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1148:
1143:
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1124:
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1100:
1095:
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1076:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1004:
997:
992:
985:
980:
973:
968:
961:
956:
949:
944:
937:
932:
925:
920:
918:
910:
905:
898:
893:
886:
881:
874:
869:
862:
857:
855:
853:
845:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
814:
809:
802:
797:
795:
787:
782:
780:
778:
770:
766:
760:
756:
755:
750:
744:
742:
725:
721:
717:
716:"Empress Zoe"
710:
706:
697:
694:
693:
689:
678:
671:
669:
664:
663:Chronographia
659:
655:
653:
652:
647:
642:
640:
635:
629:
624:
620:
618:
612:
605:
600:
596:
593:
583:
581:
576:
571:
569:
561:
556:
552:
550:
545:
543:
537:
535:
530:
527:
518:
514:
512:
508:
504:
498:
496:
491:
487:
485:
481:
477:
467:
458:
455:
454:urban prefect
451:
447:
443:
442:
438:, the former
437:
433:
430:, the son of
429:
425:
421:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
385:
380:
376:
373:and his wife
372:
368:
367:
358:
357:
352:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
273:
267:
258:
254:
250:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
222:
219:
217:
213:
209:
204:
199:
196:
192:
186:
182:
179:
174:
170:
166:
161:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:21 April 1042
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
70:
66:
62:
56:
51:
48:
47:
42:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4033:
4011:
3974:
3902:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3802:
3760:
3752:
3589:
3482:
3402:Tranquillina
3352:
3314:Vibia Sabina
3101:Andronikos V
3099:
3082:
3030:
2998:
2976:
2964:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2923:
2917:
2863:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2791:
2774:
2762:
2745:
2733:
2727:
2714:Nikephoros I
2689:
2688:
2682:
2649:
2646:Justinian II
2641:Tiberius III
2631:Justinian II
2622:
2616:
2599:
2551:
2523:Anastasius I
2514:
2458:
2454:Julius Nepos
2446:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2316:Theodosius I
2303:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2233:Maximinus II
2220:
2122:
2105:
2092:
2086:
2074:
2062:
1995:
1957:Lucius Verus
1798:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1737:
1728:
1693:
1689:
1668:
1649:
1628:
1615:
1601:
1581:
1554:
1527:
1524:
1512:
1509:
1485:Norwich 1993
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1422:Norwich 1993
1417:
1410:Norwich 1993
1405:
1393:
1386:Norwich 1993
1381:
1369:
1362:Norwich 1993
1341:Norwich 1993
1336:
1324:
1317:Norwich 1993
1312:
1300:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1263:Norwich 1993
1258:
1251:Norwich 1993
1246:
1224:Norwich 1993
1219:
1212:Norwich 1993
1207:
1195:
1171:Kazhdan 1991
1166:
1154:
1147:Norwich 1993
1142:
1135:Norwich 1993
1130:
1123:Norwich 1993
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1075:Norwich 1993
1070:
1063:Norwich 1993
1044:Kazhdan 1991
1023:Norwich 1993
1008:Norwich 1993
1003:
996:Norwich 1993
991:
979:
972:Kazhdan 1991
967:
955:
948:Norwich 1993
943:
936:Canduci 2010
931:
924:Norwich 1993
904:
892:
885:Norwich 1993
880:
873:Norwich 1993
868:
861:Norwich 1993
844:Garland 2006
813:Kazhdan 1991
808:
801:Kazhdan 1991
786:Norwich 1993
768:
753:
728:. Retrieved
724:the original
719:
709:
667:
662:
660:
656:
649:
643:
636:
632:
613:
609:
604:Hagia Sophia
589:
580:Hagia Sophia
572:
565:
559:
546:
541:
538:
523:
499:
492:
488:
472:
439:
416:
389:
382:
364:
362:
354:
342:Early life:
321:
301:
252:
248:
247:
65:Hagia Sophia
61:Jesus Christ
44:
33:
4124:1050 deaths
4119:970s births
4095:underlining
3667:Constantina
3349:Julia Domna
3160:(1224–1242)
3154:(1204–1461)
2943:Konstantios
2820:Christopher
2793:Constantine
2783:Michael III
2764:Constantine
2747:Constantine
2729:Theophylact
2658:Philippicus
2608:Constans II
2533:Justinian I
2429:Severus III
2377:Constans II
2131:Claudius II
2107:Silbannacus
2054:Gordian III
2029:Maximinus I
1997:Diadumenian
1508:(c. 1080).
1473:Finlay 1853
1437:Finlay 1853
1398:Finlay 1853
1374:Finlay 1853
1329:Finlay 1853
1305:Finlay 1853
1239:Finlay 1853
1159:Finlay 1853
1111:Finlay 1853
1099:Finlay 1853
960:Finlay 1853
909:Finlay 1853
897:Finlay 1853
422:arrived in
304:Constantine
210:(1042–1050)
205:(1034–1041)
200:(1028–1034)
198:Romanos III
102:Predecessor
4113:Categories
3798:Euphrosyne
3570:Thermantia
3530:Constantia
3244:Principate
2937:Andronikos
2925:Nikephoros
2874:Michael IV
2839:Romanos II
2759:Theophilos
2754:Michael II
2735:Staurakios
2719:Staurakios
2691:Nikephoros
2684:Artabasdos
2596:Heraclonas
2553:Theodosius
2511:Basiliscus
2271:Nepotianus
2264:Magnentius
2258:Constans I
2211:Severus II
2191:Diocletian
2136:Quintillus
2101:Aemilianus
2094:Volusianus
2039:Gordian II
2004:Elagabalus
1867:Principate
730:27 January
702:References
560:histamenon
356:Histamenon
221:Macedonian
203:Michael IV
122:Co-monarch
93:Coronation
3850:Theophano
3788:Theodosia
3763:of Athens
3718:Anastasia
3627:Pulcheria
3472:Minervina
3274:Messalina
3237:empresses
3179:Classical
3164:Empresses
3148:(286–296)
3142:(267–273)
3136:(260–274)
2879:Michael V
2805:Alexander
2618:Heraclius
2586:Heraclius
2538:Justin II
2448:Glycerius
2435:Anthemius
2305:Procopius
2243:Martinian
2222:Maxentius
2151:Florianus
2124:Saloninus
2119:Gallienus
2088:Hostilian
2064:Philip II
2034:Gordian I
1982:Caracalla
1917:Vespasian
1912:Vitellius
1793:Michael V
1779:June 1050
1729:Byzantium
1677:422217218
1537:cite book
668:gynaeceum
575:Patrician
568:Principus
542:gynaeceum
526:Patriarch
484:monastery
432:Conrad II
384:gynaeceum
167:, Turkey)
112:Successor
4184:Augustae
4080:Augustae
4056:See also
3873:Theodora
3855:Theodora
3845:Theodora
3804:Theodora
3783:Prokopia
3773:Theodote
3708:Gregoria
3691:610–1453
3686:Eastern/
3652:Theodora
3647:Euphemia
3591:Placidia
3500:Faustina
3457:Eutropia
3442:Dominate
3174:Usurpers
3169:Augustae
3127:See also
3032:Nicholas
2854:Basil II
2651:Tiberius
2636:Leontius
2624:Tiberius
2601:Tiberius
2579:610–1453
2574:Eastern/
2528:Justin I
2481:Arcadius
2441:Olybrius
2423:Majorian
2364:Honorius
2343:Eugenius
2278:Vetranio
2228:Licinius
2201:Galerius
2196:Maximian
2181:Dominate
2171:Numerian
2141:Aurelian
2114:Valerian
2059:Philip I
2049:Balbinus
2044:Pupienus
1992:Macrinus
1967:Pertinax
1962:Commodus
1927:Domitian
1892:Claudius
1887:Caligula
1882:Tiberius
1877:Augustus
1808:Theodora
1720:25156633
1712:22938012
1522:(1953).
751:(1908).
674:See also
408:Theodora
404:smallpox
396:Otto III
379:Basil II
363:Zoe was
346:978–1028
332:Theodora
308:Basil II
289:Theodora
275:"life";
165:Istanbul
126:Theodora
4091:Italics
3748:Eudokia
3738:Tzitzak
3723:Eudokia
3703:Martina
3672:Leontia
3642:Zenonis
3637:Ariadne
3610:395–610
3558:395–480
3525:Domnica
3520:Justina
3510:Charito
3495:Eusebia
3445:284–610
3389:235–285
3329:Lucilla
3184:Eastern
3084:Matthew
2978:Alexios
2826:Stephen
2788:Basil I
2673:Leo III
2548:Maurice
2491:Marcian
2474:395–610
2398:Joannes
2357:395–480
2311:Gratian
2184:284–610
2166:Carinus
2146:Tacitus
2022:235–285
1942:Hadrian
1494:Sources
651:sebaste
495:Michael
480:Sirmium
476:Presian
446:Antioch
324:Michael
216:Dynasty
194:Spouses
69:Augusta
3860:Helena
3793:Thekla
3713:Fausta
3657:Sophia
3632:Verina
3505:Helena
3478:Fausta
3452:Prisca
3386:Crisis
2946:&
2922:&
2829:&
2800:Leo VI
2776:Thekla
2732:&
2699:Leo IV
2621:&
2560:Phocas
2516:Marcus
2501:Leo II
2417:Avitus
2334:Victor
2299:Valens
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2284:Julian
2156:Probus
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2071:Decius
2019:Crisis
1937:Trajan
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375:Helena
241:Helena
237:Mother
227:Father
184:Burial
139:Tenure
3761:Irene
3743:Maria
3733:Maria
3565:Maria
3545:Galla
3535:Laeta
3254:Livia
2742:Leo V
2709:Irene
2496:Leo I
2161:Carus
1932:Nerva
1922:Titus
1902:Galba
1854:Roman
1806:with
1777:Died:
1770:Born:
1716:S2CID
1293:540-2
558:Gold
428:Henry
257:Greek
163:(now
84:Reign
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