641:
606:
622:
76:
24:
92:
574:
558:
240:, are well suited for raising cattle; milk, cheese, and butter are important products of that area. All kinds of berries grow in the area, some of which are exported, and freshwater farming of various species of trout and salmon has developed, with cultivators taking advantage of the abundant supply of clear running water. The lumber industry is also important. A number of tourists, mainly Chileans and Argentines, visit the area during the summer.
594:
221:
1080:
346:
236:. The rivers that descend from the Andes rush over volcanic rocks, forming numerous white-water sections and waterfalls. Some sections still consist of old-growth forests, and in all seasons, but especially in the spring and summer, there are plenty of wildflowers and flowering trees. The pastures in the northernmost section, around
518:
that was re-founded in 1645 with heavy fortifications. The zone between
Valdivia and Chiloé was gradually incorporated into Chile by a series of agreements with local Huilliches and founding of settlements. By 1850, this process was culminated with the immigration of thousands of German immigrants to
196:
is closer to sea level, and the hundreds of rivers that descend from the Andes form lakes, some quite large, as they reach the lower elevations. They drain into the ocean through other rivers, some of which (principally the
605:
337:. These soils are usually poor in phosphorus, potassium and have toxic levels of aluminium. Often, these soils have poor drainage and their thickness is highly variable even at scale of tens of meters.
640:
1128:
1026:
388:
573:
232:
The lakes in this region are remarkably beautiful. The snow-covered Andes form a backdrop to clear blue or even turquoise waters, as at
621:
1019:
896:
Silva-RodrĂguez, E; Farias, A.; Moreira-Arce, D.; Cabello, J.; Hidalgo-Hermoso, E.; Lucherini, M. & JimĂ©nez, J. (2016) .
793:"Crecimiento de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus globulussobre suelos rojo arcillosos de la provinciad Osorno, DĂ©cima RegiĂłn"
472:
At the time of the
Spanish arrival beans, maize and potatoes are known to have been cultivated in Valdivia and around
1167:
1012:
995:
958:
754:
463:
83:
495:
south of the river, both groups are classified as
Araucanian. The mountainous zones in the east were populated by
362:
166:
belongs geographically to the
Austral Zone in terms of culture and history, it lies closer to the Southern Zone.
519:
Valdivia, Osorno and
Llanquihue. The zone north of Valdivia was incorporated into Chile in the 1880s during the
23:
329:, in the northern part of Zona Sur, soils are sandy with a coarsening trend towards the Andes. Soils of the
987:
611:
The maritime influence of some southern Andean valleys makes them prone to snow falls in winter such as in
557:
514:
and
Spanish Empire. After 1600, the Spanish settlements were destroyed or abandoned with the exception of
275:
receive up to 3000â5000 mm of precipitation annually. Behind the
Chilean Coast range there is a weak
1172:
1094:
777:
546:
is widely spoken in the region because of German colonization, but mostly as a second or third language.
534:
is widely spoken in all the region, but the southern people speak a bit slower than
Santiaguinos. In the
520:
507:
108:
672:
511:
673:"IntraâArc Crustal Seismicity: Seismotectonic Implicationsfor the Southern Andes Volcanic Zone, Chile"
467:
1109:
192:
at about 43.4° south latitude. In this lake district of Chile, the valley between the Andes and the
1035:
920:
882:
184:, the south (Sur de Chile) has the country's most lakes. Southern Chile stretches from below the
206:
1099:
741:; Kitzberger, Thomas; Rebertus, Alan J. (1996), "Ecology of Southern Chilean and Argentinean
264:
233:
217:, with its rolling hills, is the last important elevation of the coastal range of mountains.
175:
477:
163:
687:
248:
96:
593:
483:
Southern Chile was during the time of
Spanish conquest and colony populated by indigenous
8:
330:
321:
279:
while behind the Andes, in
Argentina, precipitation drops sharply. The zone lies in the
268:
193:
50:
691:
535:
1054:
895:
792:
703:
503:
427:
409:
326:
288:
185:
135:
41:
1079:
897:
991:
954:
750:
707:
646:
415:
280:
252:
198:
131:
819:
915:
814:
805:
734:
695:
631:
584:
539:
531:
354:
334:
251:
is experiencing a long-term ENE-WSW shortening. This shortening is accommodated by
147:
649:
in picture is one of various large rivers that drain the Andean lakes of Zona Sur.
214:
189:
799:
plantations on red clay soils in the Province of Osorno, 10th Region, Chile]
580:
543:
515:
447:
205:) are the only ones in the whole country that are navigable for any stretch. The
202:
1114:
488:
100:
738:
499:
396:
210:
155:
123:
180:
Although many lakes can be found in the Andean and coastal regions of central
91:
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1130:
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1059:
906:
300:
237:
143:
139:
1069:
1049:
1004:
627:
564:
159:
75:
66:
32:
699:
473:
276:
745:
Forests", in Veblen, Thomas T.; Hill, Robert S.; Read, Jennifer (eds.),
225:
612:
459:
380:
367:
284:
496:
492:
404:
400:
376:
244:
220:
151:
365:. These forests are characterized by large trees, chiefly evergreen
983:
421:
308:
432:
255:. The details of this pattern show significant local variations.
104:
484:
372:
476:. The cultivation of beans extended likely all the way south to
439:
350:
316:
438:
A number of small mammals inhabit Southern Chile including the
345:
312:
733:
671:
Sielfeld, Gerd; Lange, Dietrich; Cembrano, José (2019-02-12).
950:
773:
443:
272:
209:
southernmost portion is submerged in the ocean and forms the
181:
127:
403:
the Valdivian temperate rainforests do contain a number of
392:
384:
774:
Instituto Nacional de InvestigaciĂłn de Recursos Naturales
542:
is used in rural communities, especially between elders.
978:
Schlatter, Juan; Grez, Renato; Gerding, VĂctor (2003).
361:
The natural vegetation of Southern Chile is mainly the
670:
977:
419:. Other vegetations types of southern Chile include
852:
850:
747:The Ecology and Biogeography of Nothofagus Forests
666:
664:
228:. The Andes of Zona Sur host numerous hotsprings.
1159:
881:(in Spanish) (2nd ed.), Santiago de Chile:
790:
944:
847:
661:
940:
938:
921:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41586A85370871.en
510:around 1600 the southern zone was part of the
399:and decomposing matter. Despite being largely
263:The climate of Southern Chile is rainy with a
134:in 1950. Its northern border is formed by the
1020:
945:Pardo B., Oriana; Pizarro, José Luis (2014).
770:Estudio de suelos de la provincia de Valdivia
1034:
784:
935:
791:Geldres, Edith; Schlatter, Juan E. (2004).
1027:
1013:
74:
947:Chile: Plantas alimentarias PrehispĂĄnicas
919:
876:
818:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
95:Aerial view of the volcanic alignment of
953:, Chile: Ediciones Parina. p. 162.
879:GeografĂa de plantas y animales de Chile
872:
870:
868:
866:
344:
219:
90:
980:Manual para el reconocimiento de suelos
319:. Some red clay soils are planted with
1160:
714:
146:to the west, and to the east lies the
1008:
863:
188:at about 37° south latitude to below
63:
56:
47:
38:
158:, which forms the boundary with the
142:Zone. The Southern Zone borders the
29:
907:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
889:
265:Mediterranean precipitation pattern
16:Natural region of continental Chile
13:
340:
283:and is strongly influenced by the
14:
1184:
464:Colonial alerce logging and trade
299:The main agricultural soils are;
1078:
639:
620:
604:
592:
572:
556:
224:View of Termas Geométricas near
22:
820:10.4067/S0717-92002004000100008
526:
363:Valdivian temperate rainforests
949:(in Spanish) (2015 ed.).
834:
762:
138:, which separates it from the
1:
654:
267:. The windward slopes of the
201:, which flows by the city of
154:. Its southern border is the
988:Universidad Austral de Chile
778:Universidad Austral de Chile
431:forests and wetlands called
169:
7:
1095:Chilean Antarctic Territory
521:occupation of the Araucania
508:Destruction of Seven Cities
109:Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone
10:
1189:
877:HernĂĄndez, Silvia (1973),
549:
512:General Captaincy of Chile
457:
453:
325:. In the middle course of
258:
173:
1087:
1076:
1042:
749:, Yale University Press,
86:Natural regions of Chile.
1168:Natural regions of Chile
1036:Natural regions of Chile
772:(in Spanish). Santiago:
333:are mostly derived from
294:
287:. During the summer the
883:Editorial Universitaria
468:Occupation of AraucanĂa
391:, bushes, small trees,
1110:Juan FernĂĄndez Islands
914:: e.T41586A107263066.
563:Cattle grazing in the
358:
229:
112:
1144:39.33000°S 72.33889°W
1100:Desventuradas Islands
348:
291:moves into the area.
234:Lago Todos los Santos
223:
176:Llanquihue glaciation
122:) is one of the five
94:
1149:-39.33000; -72.33889
700:10.1029/2018TC004985
579:Cattle grazing near
249:South American Plate
1140: /
797:Eucalyptus globulus
692:2019Tecto..38..552S
331:Chilean Coast Range
322:Eucalyptus globulus
269:Chilean Coast Range
1173:Geography of Chile
900:Lycalopex fulvipes
885:, pp. 130â165
860:. 2003, pp. 92â93.
780:. 1978. p. 1.
587:in the background.
506:and the following
504:Battle of Curalaba
491:northwards and by
478:Chiloé Archipelago
410:Nothofagus obliqua
407:tree species like
359:
289:South Pacific High
253:strike-slip faults
230:
164:Chiloé Archipelago
113:
1123:
1122:
735:Veblen, Thomas T.
647:Calle-Calle River
416:Nothofagus alpina
199:Calle-Calle River
132:continental Chile
107:which follow the
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632:Llanquihue River
624:
608:
596:
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355:Los Lagos Region
335:metamorphic rock
247:at Zona Sur the
207:Central Valley's
148:Andean mountains
78:
70:
61:
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45:
36:
26:
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1043:Natural regions
1038:
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998:
969:
968:
961:
943:
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924:
894:
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875:
864:
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844:. 2003, p. 100.
839:
835:
825:
823:
800:
795:[Growth of
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785:
768:
767:
763:
757:
739:Donoso, Claudio
732:
715:
675:
669:
662:
657:
650:
644:
635:
625:
616:
615:in the picture.
609:
600:
599:Haverbeck Canal
597:
588:
581:Llanquihue Lake
577:
568:
561:
552:
529:
470:
456:
343:
341:Flora and fauna
305:rojo arcillosos
297:
261:
178:
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124:natural regions
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982:(in Spanish).
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862:
846:
833:
809:(in Spanish).
783:
761:
755:
713:
686:(2): 552â578.
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651:
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638:
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585:Osorno Volcano
578:
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455:
452:
349:Male southern
342:
339:
296:
293:
260:
257:
215:Isla de Chiloé
211:Golfo de Ancud
190:Isla de Chiloé
171:
168:
156:Chacao Channel
82:
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28:
21:
20:
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1105:Easter Island
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997:956-7105-25-1
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989:
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960:9789569120022
956:
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813:(1): 95â101.
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756:0-300-06423-3
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389:hanging vines
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:
364:
356:
352:
347:
338:
336:
332:
328:
327:BĂo BĂo River
324:
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:red clay soil
292:
290:
286:
282:
281:mid-latitudes
278:
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250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
227:
222:
218:
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212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
194:coastal range
191:
187:
183:
177:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:Pacific Ocean
141:
140:Central Chile
137:
136:BĂo-BĂo River
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:Southern Zone
117:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
84:
77:
69:
68:
60:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
25:
1125:
1115:Sala y GĂłmez
1088:Not included
1070:Zona Austral
1064:
1060:Zona Central
1050:Norte Grande
979:
972:Bibliography
946:
925:. Retrieved
911:
905:
899:
891:
878:
857:
841:
836:
824:. Retrieved
810:
804:
796:
786:
769:
764:
746:
742:
683:
679:
628:Neltume Lake
565:Rupanco area
538:region, the
530:
527:Demographics
502:. Until the
489:Toltén River
482:
471:
448:Darwin's fox
437:
426:
420:
414:
408:
366:
360:
320:
304:
298:
262:
243:In terms of
242:
231:
179:
162:. While the
160:Austral Zone
119:
115:
114:
101:QuetrupillĂĄn
67:Zona Austral
65:
58:
51:Zona Central
49:
40:
33:Norte Grande
31:
1147: /
1055:Norte Chico
826:January 12,
474:Bueno River
383:is made of
277:rain shadow
186:RĂo BĂo-BĂo
42:Norte Chico
1162:Categories
1135:72°20âČ20âłW
1132:39°19âČ48âłS
927:21 January
856:Schlatter
840:Schlatter
743:Nothofagus
655:References
613:Curarrehue
540:Mapudungun
497:Pehuenches
493:Huilliches
460:Arauco War
458:See also:
381:understory
368:Nothofagus
285:Westerlies
174:See also:
97:Villarrica
708:135109592
680:Tectonics
536:AraucanĂa
428:Araucaria
425:forests,
405:deciduous
401:evergreen
245:tectonics
170:Geography
152:Argentina
126:on which
1065:Zona Sur
984:Valdivia
516:Valdivia
500:Puelches
485:Mapuches
422:Fitzroya
373:Conifers
309:ultisols
271:and the
226:Coñaripe
203:Valdivia
130:divided
116:Zona Sur
59:Zona Sur
688:Bibcode
550:Gallery
532:Spanish
454:History
395:, dead
377:Myrtles
259:Climate
994:
957:
806:Bosque
753:
706:
544:German
466:, and
397:trunks
379:. The
313:trumao
238:Osorno
951:Arica
858:et al
842:et al
801:(PDF)
704:S2CID
676:(PDF)
487:from
444:coypu
433:ñadis
385:vines
375:plus
295:Soils
273:Andes
182:Chile
128:CORFO
105:LanĂn
992:ISBN
955:ISBN
929:2024
912:2016
828:2019
751:ISBN
630:and
446:and
440:pudĂș
413:and
393:moss
371:and
351:pudĂș
317:ñadi
315:and
150:and
103:and
916:doi
815:doi
696:doi
311:),
1164::
990:.
986::
937:^
910:.
904:.
865:^
849:^
811:25
803:.
776:â
737:;
716:^
702:.
694:.
684:38
682:.
678:.
663:^
583:.
523:.
480:.
462:,
450:.
442:,
435:.
387:,
353:;
307:,
213:.
99:,
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1021:t
1014:v
1000:.
963:.
931:.
918::
902:"
898:"
830:.
817::
710:.
698::
690::
634:.
567:.
357:.
303:(
118:(
111:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
