Zoroastrianism - Knowledge

1643:, which refers to the description of the structure of the cosmos in Zoroastrian literature and theology, involves a primary division of the cosmos into heaven and earth. The heaven is composed of three parts: the lower-most part, which is where the fixed stars may be found; the middle part, where the domain of the moon is located, and the upper part, which is the domain of the sun and unreachable by Ahirman. Further above the highest level of the heaven/sky includes regions described as the Endless Lights, as well as the Thrones of Amahraspandān and Ohrmazd. Although this is the basic framework which occurs in Avestan texts, later Zoroastrian literature would elaborate on this picture by further subdividing the lowest part of heaven to achieve a total of six or seven layers. The Earth itself was described as possessing three primary mountains: Mount Hukairiia, whose peak was the focal point of the revolution of the star Sadwēs; Mount Haraitī, whose peak was the focal point of the revolution of the sun and the moon, and the greatest of them all, the Harā Bərəz whose peak was located at the center of the Earth and which was the first in a chain of 2,244 mountains which, together, encircled the Earth. Although the planets are not described in early Zoroastrian sources, they entered Zoroastrian thought in the Middle Persian period: they were demonized and took on the names 2434: 1750:, will be born to a virgin impregnated by the seed of Zoroaster while bathing in a lake. The Saoshyant will raise the dead—including those in all afterworlds—for final judgment, returning the wicked to hell to be purged of bodily sin. Next, all will wade through a river of molten metal in which the righteous will not burn but through which the impure will be completely purified. The forces of good will ultimately triumph over evil, rendering it forever impotent but not destroyed. The Saoshyant and Ahura Mazda will offer a bull as a final sacrifice for all time and all humans will become immortal. Mountains will again flatten and valleys will rise; the House of Song will descend to the moon, and the earth will rise to meet them both. Humanity will require two judgments because there are as many aspects to our being: spiritual ( 1846: 2727: 2642: 1767: 3067: 2905: 3235: 3835:, "Zoroaster was thus the first to teach the doctrines of an individual judgement, Heaven and Hell, the future resurrection of the body, the general last judgement, and life everlasting for the reunited soul and body. These doctrines were to become familiar articles of faith to much of mankind, through borrowing by Judaism Christianity and Islam; yet it is in Zoroastrianism itself that they have their fullest logical coherence. Since Zoroaster insisted both on the goodness of material creation, and hence of the physical body, and on the unwavering impartiality of divine justice." 3703: 100: 986:, and is unrivaled, has no equals and presides over all creation. In Avesta, Ahura Mazda is the only true God, and the representation of goodness, light, and truth. He is in conflict with the evil spirit Angra Mainyu, the representation of evil, darkness, and deceit. Angru Mainyu's goal is to tempt humans away from Ahura Mazda. Notably, Angra Mainyu is not a creation of Ahura Mazda but an independent entity. The belief in Ahura Mazda, the "Lord of Wisdom" who is considered an all-encompassing Deity and the only existing one, is the foundation of Zoroastrianism. 38: 17105: 2982: 880:

the source of evil as well as good. Haug's thinking was subsequently disseminated as a Parsi interpretation, thus corroborating Haug's theory, and the idea became so popular that it is now almost universally accepted as doctrine (though being reevaluated in modern Zoroastrianism and academia). It has been argued by Almut Hintze that this designation of monotheism is not wholly perfect and that Zoroastrianism instead has its "own form of monotheism" which combines elements of dualism and polytheism.

225: 4078:

straightforward monotheism, meaning that the question in the title of this paper poses a false dichotomy. The dichotomy arises, we contend, from a failure to take seriously enough the central role played by time in Zoroastrian theology. Zoroastrianism proclaims a movement through time from dualism toward monotheism, i.e., a dualism which is being made false by the dynamics of time, and a monotheism which is being made true by those same dynamics of time. The meaning of the

2379: 2756:(despite doubts of the validity of this identification that persisted down the centuries), which made them eligible for protection. Islamic jurists took the stance that only Muslims could be perfectly moral, but "unbelievers might as well be left to their iniquities, so long as these did not vex their overlords." In the main, once the conquest was over and "local terms were agreed on", the Arab governors protected the local populations in exchange for tribute. 3281: 3121: 17057: 11716: 11226: 2462: 3163:

examples are getting traction including Neo-Zoroastrians/Revivalists, which are usually reinterpretations of Zoroastrianism appealing towards Western concerns, and centering the idea of Zoroastrianism as a living religion and advocate the revival and maintenance of old rituals and prayers while supporting ethical and social progressive reforms. Both of these latter schools tend to center the Gathas without outright rejecting other texts except the

17093: 12039: 11214: 1319: 17067: 2021:. Here, two copies were created, one which was put in the house of archives and the other put in the Imperial treasury. During Alexander's conquest of Persia, the Avesta (written on 1200 ox-hides) was burned, and the scientific sections that the Greeks could use were dispersed among themselves. However, there is no strong historical evidence for this and they remain contested despite affirmations from the Zoroastrian tradition, whether it be the 3899:, among others. Other scholars diminish or reject such influences, noting that "Zoroastrianism has a unique theistic doctrine which combines dualism, polytheism and pantheism", rather than being a monotheistic religion. Others say "there is little concrete evidence about the precise origin and development of" Zoroastrianism, and that "Zoroastrianism does not compare with the Jewish belief in the sovereignty of God over the whole of creation." 17117: 1602:) such as snakes, ants, and flies. Angra Mainyu created an opposite, evil being for each good being, except for humans, which he found he could not match. Angra Mainyu invaded the universe through the base of the sky, inflicting Gayomard and the bull with suffering and death. However, the evil forces were trapped in the universe and could not retreat. The dying primordial man and bovine emitted seeds, which were protect by 2968: 1201: 1610:. Humans thus struggle in a two-fold universe of the material and spiritual trapped and in long combat with evil. The evils of this physical world are not products of an inherent weakness but are the fault of Angra Mainyu's assault on creation. This assault turned the perfectly flat, peaceful, and daily illuminated world into a mountainous, violent place that is half night. According to Zoroastrian 1701:("bridge of judgement" or "bridge of choice"), which each human must cross, facing a spiritual judgment, though modern belief is split as to whether it is representative of a mental decision during life to choose between good and evil or an afterworld location. Humans' actions under their free will through choice determine the outcome. According to tradition, the soul is judged by the Yazatas 3906:, have said "there is general agreement that Persian religion and tradition had its influence on Judaism over the centuries" and the "question is where this influence was and which of the developments in Judaism can be ascribed to the Iranian side as opposed to the effect of the Greek or other cultures". There exist distinctions but also similarities between Zoroastrian and 1390:, the fravashi participates in the maintenance of creation led by Ahura Mazda. During the life of a given individual, the fravashi acts as a source of inspiration to perform good actions and as a spiritual protector. The fravashis of ancestors cultural, spiritual, and heroic, associated with illustrious bloodlines, are venerated and can be called upon to aid the living. 3133: 2821:"extinguished and ruined in every possible way all those who knew how to write and read the Khawarizmi writing, who knew the history of the country and who studied their sciences." As a result, "these things are involved in so much obscurity that it is impossible to obtain an accurate knowledge of the history of the country since the time of Islam..." 1424:

limited to natural forces held as emanations of asha by the fact that early Zoroastrians had a duty to exterminate "evil" species, a dictate no longer followed in modern Zoroastrianism. Although there have been various theological statements supporting vegetarianism in Zoroastrianism's history and those who believe that Zoroaster was vegetarian.

1543:, (also referred to in later texts as "Ahriman"), the destructive spirit/mentality, existed in darkness and ignorance below. They have existed independently of each other for all time, and manifest contrary substances. In the Gathas, Ahura Mazda is noted as working through emanations known as the Amesha Spenta and with the help of "other 3852:(1906), there exist many similarities between Zoroastrianism and Judaism. This has led some to propose that key Zoroastrian concepts influenced Judaism. However, other scholars disagree, finding that the general social influence of Zoroastrianism was much more limited, and that no link can be found in Jewish or Christian texts. 2625:, observing in the first century BCE, records (XV.3.15) that these "fire kindlers" possessed many "holy places of the Persian Gods", as well as fire temples. Strabo further states that these were "noteworthy enclosures; and in their midst there is an altar, on which there is a large quantity of ashes and where the magi keep the 7092: 1965:, are conducted usually with hands outstretched in imitation of Zoroaster's prayer style described in the Gathas and are of a reflectionary and supplicant nature believed to be endowed with the ability to banish evil. Devout Zoroastrians are known to cover their heads during prayer, either with traditional 2234:. After this, Vohu Manah took him to the other six Amesha Spentas, where he received the completion of his vision. This vision radically transformed his view of the world, and he tried to teach this view to others. Zoroaster believed in one supreme creator deity and acknowledged this creator's emanations ( 1739:, a 3,000-year struggle between good and evil will be fought, punctuated by evil's final assault. During the final assault, the sun and moon will darken, and humankind will lose its reverence for religion, family, and elders. The world will fall into winter, and Angra Mainyu's most fearsome miscreant, 3186:

For a variety of social and political factors the Zoroastrians of the Indian subcontinent, namely the Parsis and Iranis, have not engaged in conversion since at least the 18th century. Zoroastrian high priests have historically opined there is no reason to not allow conversion which is also supported

2390:

religious system dating back to the early 2nd millennium BCE. The prophet Zoroaster himself, though traditionally dated to the 6th century BCE, is thought by many modern historians to have been a reformer of the polytheistic Iranian religion who lived much earlier during the second half of the second

2177:

and the excessive ritual use of intoxicants. His life was influenced profoundly by the attempts of his people to find peace and stability in the face of constant threats of raiding and conflict. Zoroaster's birth and early life are little documented but speculated upon heavily in later texts. What is

1282:

was the course of everything observable—the motion of the planets and astral bodies; the progression of the seasons; and the pattern of daily nomadic herdsman life, governed by regular metronomic events such as sunrise and sunset, and was strengthened through truth-telling and following the Threefold

7242:

Controversy over Zaraθuštra's date has been an embarrassment of long standing to Zoroastrian studies. If anything approaching a consensus exists, it is that he lived ca. 1000 BCE give or take a century or so, though reputable scholars have proposed dates as widely apart as ca.1750 BCE and "258 years

4077:

In brief, the interpretation we favor is that Zoroastrianism combines cosmogonic dualism and eschatological monotheism in a manner unique to itself among the major religions of the world. This combination results in a religious outlook which cannot be categorized as either straightforward dualism or

3842:

In addition to this, Zoroastrian dualistic concepts, had influenced middle eastern religions such as Judeo-Christian beliefs, since Achaemenid period to the early centuries of present era. The dualistic ideas of Jewish eschatology such as the belief in savior, the final battle between good and evil,

3207:

declared 2003 a year to celebrate the "3000th anniversary of Zoroastrian culture", with special events throughout the world. In 2011, the Tehran Mobeds Anjuman announced that for the first time in the history of modern Iran and of the modern Zoroastrian communities worldwide, women had been ordained

1717:

affected by their actions in life. The maiden leads the dead safely across the bridge, which widens and becomes pleasant for the righteous, towards the House of Song. The hag leads the dead down a bridge that narrows to a razor's edge and is full of stench until the departed falls off into the abyss

1310:

concept is more systemic and less personal, representing, for instance, chaos (that opposes order); or "uncreation", evident as natural decay (that opposes creation); or more simply "the lie" (that opposes truth and goodness). Moreover, in the role as the one uncreated creator of all, Ahura Mazda is

7289:

Recent research, however, has cast considerable doubt on this dating and geographical setting. The similarity of the language and metrical system of the Gathas to those of the Vedas, the simplicity of the society depicted throughout the Avesta, and the lack of awareness of great cities, historical

3838:

The interactions between Judaism and Zoroastrianism resulted in transfer of religious ideas between the two religions and as a result, It is believed that Jews, during Achaemenid rule were influenced by Zoroastrian angelology, demonology, eschatology, as well as Zoroastrian ideas about compensatory

3827:

and, through it, on later monotheistic religions such as early Christianity and Islam. There are clear commonalities and similarities between Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity, such as: monotheism, dualism (i.e., a robust notion of a Devil—but with a positive appraisal of material creation),

3729:

to varying degrees. Some historians believe that Zoroastrianism, along with similar philosophical revolutions in South Asia were interconnected strings of reformation against a common Indo-Aryan thread. Many traits of Zoroastrianism can be traced back to the culture and beliefs of the prehistorical

2938:

to convert his province four times. The first three times the citizens reverted to their old religion. Finally, the governor made their religion "difficult for them in every way", turned the local fire temple into a mosque, and encouraged the local population to attend Friday prayers by paying each

1423:

making it, in effect, an ecological religion: "It is not surprising that Mazdaism...is called the first ecological religion. The reverence for Yazatas (divine spirits) emphasizes the preservation of nature (Avesta: Yasnas 1.19, 3.4, 16.9; Yashts 6.3–4, 10.13)." However, this particular assertion is

1406:

but historically has allowed for moderate expressions of these concepts. On the fourth day after death, the urvan is reunited with its fravashi, whereupon the experiences of life in the material world are collected for use in the continuing battle for good in the spiritual world. For the most part,

879:

led to a rallied defense of the faith through Haug's reinterpretation of the Avesta through Christianized and European orientalist lens. Haug postulated that Zoroastrianism was solely monotheistic with all other divinities reduced to the status of angels while Ahura Mazda became both omnipotent and

10039:

It is noteworthy that Mani, who was brought up and spent most of his life in a province of the Persian empire, and whose mother belonged to a famous Parthian family, did not make any use of the Iranian mythological tradition. There can no longer be any doubt that the Iranian names of Sām, Narīmān,

3162:

to the faith and, as such, for someone to be a Zoroastrian they must be born of Zoroastrian parents. Some traditionalists recognize the children of mixed marriages as Zoroastrians, though usually only if the father is a born Zoroastrian. Not all Zoroastrians identify with either school and notable

2016:

with varying degrees of authority, with the current version of the Avesta dating at oldest from the times of the Sasanian Empire. The Avesta was "composed at different times, providing a series of snapshots of the religion that allow historians to see how it changed over time". According to Middle

1359:

Humata, Huxta, Huvarshta (Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds), the Threefold Path of Asha, is considered the core maxim of Zoroastrianism especially by modern practitioners. In Zoroastrianism, good transpires for those who do righteous deeds for its own sake, not for the search of reward. Those

1797:

have been the focus of worship and pilgrimage for adherents of the religion. Early Zoroastrians were recorded as worshiping in the 5th century BCE on mounds and hills where fires were lit below the open skies. In the wake of Achaemenid expansion, shrines were constructed throughout the empire and

1371:

is rejected in Zoroastrian teaching and the absolute free will of all conscious beings is core, with even divine beings having the ability to choose. Humans bear responsibility for all situations they are in, and in the way they act toward one another. Reward, punishment, happiness, and grief all

3828:

symbolism of the divine, heaven(s) and hell(s), angels and demons, eschatology and final judgment, a messianic figure and the idea of a savior, a holy spirit, concern with ritual purity, an idealization of wisdom and righteousness, and other doctrines, symbols, practices, and religious features.

1427:

Zoroastrianism is not entirely uniform in theological and philosophical thought, especially with historical and modern influences having a significant impact on individual and local beliefs, practices, values, and vocabulary, sometimes merging with tradition and in other cases displacing it. The

3170:

From the 19th century onward, the Parsis gained a reputation for their education and widespread influence in all aspects of society. They played an instrumental role in the economic development of the region over many decades; several of the best-known business conglomerates of India are run by

2829:

Though subject to a new leadership and harassment, the Zoroastrians were able to continue their former ways, although there was a slow but steady social and economic pressure to convert, with the nobility and city-dwellers being the first to do so, while Islam was accepted more slowly among the

3191:

and other scripture though later priests have condemned these judgements. Within Iran, many of the beleaguered Zoroastrians have been also historically opposed or not practically concerned with the matter of conversion. Currently though, The Council of Tehran Mobeds (the highest ecclesiastical

7130: 1360:

who do evil are said to be attacked and confused by the druj and are responsible for aligning themselves back to Asha by following this path. There is also a heavy emphasis on spreading happiness, mostly through charity, and respecting the spiritual equality and duty of both men and women.

2551:

inscription and appear to have continued the model of coexistence with other religions. Whether Darius was a follower of the teachings of Zoroaster has not been conclusively established as there is no indication of note that worship of Ahura Mazda was exclusively a Zoroastrian practice.

2168:

Zoroastrianism was founded by Zoroaster in ancient Iran. The precise date of the founding of the religion is uncertain and estimates vary wildly from 2000 BCE to "200 years before Alexander". Zoroaster was born – in either Northeast Iran or Southwest Afghanistan – into a culture with a

3320:. In Iran, emigration, out-marriage and low birth rates are likewise leading to a decline in the Zoroastrian population. Zoroastrian groups in Iran say their number is approximately 60,000. According to the Iranian census data from 2011 the number of Zoroastrians in Iran was 25,271. 1814:, alongside other traditional Yazata who all have hymns within the Avesta and also local deities and culture-heroes. Today, enclosed and covered fire temples tend to be the focus of community worship where fires of varying grades are maintained by the clergy assigned to the temples. 1731:

The House of Lies is considered temporary and reformative; punishments fit the crimes, and souls do not rest in eternal damnation. Hell contains foul smells and evil food, a smothering darkness, and souls are packed tightly together although they believe they are in total isolation.

1344:, mortal beings (both humans and animals) play a critical role, for they too are created. Here, in their lives, they are active participants in the conflict, and it is their spiritual duty to defend Asha, which is under constant assault and would decay in strength without counter 4082:

in Zoroastrianism is thus the triumph of monotheism, the good God Ahura Mazdä having at last won his way through to complete and final ascendancy. But in the meantime there is vital truth to dualism, the neglect of which can only lead to a distortion of the religion's essential

7100: 1883:. Consequently, scripture enjoins the safe disposal of the dead in a manner such that a corpse does not pollute the good creation. These injunctions are the doctrinal basis of the fast-fading traditional practice of ritual exposure, most commonly identified with the so-called 1571:, falsehood and disorder, that comes from Angra Mainyu. The resulting cosmic conflict involves all of creation, mental/spiritual and material, including humanity at its core, which has an active role to play in the conflict. The main representative of Asha in this conflict is 1918:

sacrificial ceremonies and animal sacrifice of varying degrees are mentioned in the Avesta and are still practiced in Zoroastrianism albeit through reduced forms such as the sacrifice of fat before meals. High rituals such as the Yasna are considered to be the purview of the

1969:, scarves, other headwear, or even just their hands. However, full coverage and veiling which is traditional in Islamic practice is not a part of Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrian women in Iran wear their head coverings displaying hair and their faces to defy mandates by the 1817:

The incorporation of cultural and local rituals is quite common and traditions have been passed down in historically Zoroastrian communities such as herbal healing practices, wedding ceremonies, and the like. Traditionally, Zoroastrian rituals have also included

1393:

The religion states that active and ethical participation in life through good deeds formed from good thoughts and good words is necessary to ensure happiness and to keep chaos at bay. This active participation is a central element in Zoroaster's concept of

1145:

Yazatas are further divided into Amesha Spentas, their "ham-kar" or "Collaborators" who are Lower Ranking divinities, and also certain healing plants, primordial creatures, the fravashis of the dead, and certain prayers that are themselves considered holy.

578:), which are recited in many prayers and ceremonies. Many of the practices and beliefs of ancient Iranian religion can still be seen in Zoroastrianism, such as reverence for nature and its elements. Fire is held to be particularly sacred as a symbol of 1033:

is derived from 'Yazdan', the Old Persian word for 'god', and literally means "divinity worthy of worship or veneration". As a concept, it also contains a wide range of other meanings; though generally signifying (or used as an epithet of) a divinity.

981:

According to scholars, Ahura Mazda is an uncreated, omniscient, omnipotent and benevolent God who has created the spiritual and material existences out of infinite light, and maintains the cosmic law of Asha. He is the first and most invoked spirit in

2946:

The 9th century came to define the great number of Zoroastrian texts that were composed or re-written during the 8th to 10th centuries (excluding copying and lesser amendments, which continued for some time thereafter). All of these works are in the

7122: 2120:

Middle Persian and Pahlavi works created in the 9th and 10th century contain many religious Zoroastrian books, as most of the writers and copyists were part of the Zoroastrian clergy. The most significant and important books of this era include the

3839:

justice in life and after death. It is also postulated that the Jewish high monotheistic concept of God developed during and after the period of the Babylonian captivity, when the Jews had a prolonged exposure to sophisticated Zoroastrian beliefs.

2340:

who founded in Kashmar and planted a cypress tree in front of the fire temple and made it a symbol of accepting the Bahi religion And he sent priests all over the world, and commanded all the famous men and women to come to that place of worship.

7396:

Since the evidence of Young Avestan place names so clearly points to a more eastern location, the Avesta is again understood, nowadays, as an East Iranian text, whose area of composition comprised -- at least -- Sīstån/Arachosia, Herat, Merw and

3971:, not least because Zoroastrianism was a dominant influence on the people of the cultural continent for a thousand years. Even after the rise of Islam and the loss of direct influence, Zoroastrianism remained part of the cultural heritage of the 3693:

with the aim of providing information about buildings that Zoroastrians use in England so that HE can work with communities to enhance and protect those buildings now and in the future. The scoping survey identified four buildings in England.

868:" and "polytheism" and as having unnecessary rituals while declaring the Avesta to not be "divinely inspired". This caused mass dismay in the relatively uneducated Parsi community, which blamed its priests and led to some conversions towards 2312:. Before, he wanted the tree to be reconstructed before his eyes. This was done in spite of protests by the Iranians, who offered a very great sum of money to save the tree. Al-Mutawakkil never saw the cypress, because he was murdered by a 2336:, the story of finding Zarathustra and accepting Vishtaspa's religion is regulated that after accepting Zoroastrian religion, Vishtaspa sends priests all over the universe And Azar enters the fire temples (domes) and the first of them is 2943:. The cities where Arab governors resided were particularly vulnerable to such pressures, and in these cases the Zoroastrians were left with no choice but to either conform or migrate to regions that had a more amicable administration. 8718: 1934:/Sedreh Pushi ceremony, which is traditionally conducted during the later childhood or pre-teen years of the aspirant, though there is no defined age limit for the ritual. After the ceremony, Zoroastrians are encouraged to wear their 3376:

The number of Kurdish Zoroastrians, along with those of non-ethnic converts, has been estimated differently. The Zoroastrian Representative of the Kurdistan Regional Government in Iraq has reported that as many as 100,000 people in

2531:

curtailed the powers of the Magi after they had attempted to sow dissent following their loss of influence. In 522 BCE, the Magi revolted and set up a rival claimant to the throne. The usurper, pretending to be Cyrus' younger son

4100:, p. 14–15: Ahura Mazdâ's companions include the six 'Life-giving Immortals' and great gods, such as Mithra, the sun god, and others . The forces of evil comprise, notably, Angra Manyu, the Evil Spirit, the bad, old, gods ( 1231:, the most sacred texts of Zoroastrianism thought to have been composed by Zoroaster himself, Zoroaster acknowledged the highest devotion to Ahura Mazda, with worship and adoration also given to Ahura Mazda's manifestations ( 7290:

rulers, or empires all suggest a different time frame. All in all, it seems likely that Zoroaster and the Avestan people flourished in eastern Iran at a much earlier date (anywhere from 1500 to 900 B.C.) than once thought.

3381:

have converted to Zoroastrianism recently, with some community leaders speculating that even more Zoroastrians in the region are practicing their faith secretly. However, this has not been confirmed by independent sources.

9737: 7428:

The fact that the oldest Young Avestan texts apparently contain no reference to western Iran, including Media, would seem to indicate that they were composed in eastern Iran before the Median domination reached the

9669:"Kuehn, S., "The Dragon Fighter: The Influence of Zoroastrian Ideas on Judaeo-Christian and Islamic Iconography," in: Zoroastrianism in the Levant, ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies 26, 1/2 (2014), 65–101" 2892:. This mitigated the antagonism between Arabs and Iranians but sharpened the distinction between Muslims and non-Muslims. The Abbasids zealously persecuted heretics, and although this was directed mainly at Muslim 3215:

The current Zoroastrian population is said be around 100,000 to 200,000 and reportedly declining. However, further studies are needed to confirm this, as numbers have also been rising in some areas, such as Iran.

1418:

Zoroastrianism's emphasis on the protection and veneration of nature and its elements has led some to proclaim it as the "world's first proponent of ecology." The Avesta and other texts call for the protection of

5790: 10134:(note to catalogue searchers: the spine of this edition misprints the title "Zoroastrians" as "Zoroastians", and this may lead to catalogue errors; there is a second edition published in 2001 with the same ISBN) 9101: 6247: 1375:

In Zoroastrian tradition, life is a temporary state in which a mortal is expected to participate actively in the continuing battle between Asha and Druj. Prior to its incarnation at the birth of the child, the

11328: 1255:

and meaning "that which is seen") is representative of the sum of one's spiritual conscience and attributes, which through one's choice Asha is either strengthened or weakened in the Daena. Traditionally, the

2111:

and other important hymns, prayers, and rituals. The rest of the materials from the Avesta are called "Avestan fragments" in that they are written in Avestan, incomplete, and generally of unknown provenance.

3195:

Though the Armenians share a rich history affiliated with Zoroastrianism (that eventually declined with the advent of Christianity), reports indicate that there were Zoroastrians in Armenia until the 1920s.

3956:, says that "we can assert that Manichaeism has its roots in the Iranian religious tradition and that its relationship to Mazdaism, or Zoroastrianism, is more or less like that of Christianity to Judaism". 2796:(which Parthian-era legend supposed had been planted by Zoroaster himself) was felled for the construction of a palace in Baghdad, 2,000 miles (3,200 km) away. In the 10th century, on the day that a 1626:

and limited time will end. In the final renovation, all of creation—even the souls of the dead that were initially banished to or chose to descend into "darkness"—will be reunited with Ahura Mazda in the

1085:

in his battle against the evil spirit, and are hypostases of moral or physical aspects of creation. The yazatas collectively are "the good powers under Ahura Mazda", who is "the greatest of the yazatas".

2887:

overthrew the Umayyads in 750, and in the subsequent caliphate government—that nominally lasted until 1258—Muslim Iranians received marked favor in the new government, both in Iran and at the capital in

7779: 2955:(hence the adoption of the term "Pahlavi" as the name of the variant of the language, and of the genre, of those Zoroastrian books). If read aloud, these books would still have been intelligible to the 1575:, the creative spirit/mentality. Ahura Mazda then created the material and visible world itself in order to ensnare evil. He created the floating, egg-shaped universe in two parts: first the spiritual ( 9432: 2087:

is correct. The later manuscripts all date from after the fall of the Sasanian Empire, the latest being from 1288, 590 years after the fall of the Sasanian Empire. The texts that remain today are the

3843:

the triumph of good and the resurrection of the dead, have been influenced by Zoroastrian beliefs. These ideas later passed on to Christianity, from Zoroastrian-inspired texts of the Old Testament.

8173: 2540:

of Cambyses and his long absence in Egypt, "the whole people, Persians, Medes and all the other nations" acknowledged the usurper, especially as he granted a remission of taxes for three years.

458:

at between 110,000–200,000, with the majority residing in India (50,000–60,000), Iran (15,000–25,000), and North America (21,000). The religion is thought to be declining due to restrictions on

8714: 8143: 2830:

peasantry and landed gentry. "Power and worldly-advantage" now lay with followers of Islam, and although the "official policy was one of aloof contempt, there were individual Muslims eager to

2621:, whose territory was formerly an Achaemenid possession, Persian colonists, cut off from their co-religionists in Iran proper, continued to practice the faith of their forefathers; and there 2788:

rule, Muslim Iranians (who by then were in the majority) in many instances showed severe disregard for and mistreated local Zoroastrians. For example, in the 9th century, a deeply venerated

9463: 6107: 2605:, though the religion continued to be practiced many centuries following the demise of the Achaemenids in mainland Persia and the core regions of the former Achaemenid Empire, most notably 1363:

Central to Zoroastrianism is the emphasis on moral choice, to choose the responsibility and duty for which one is in the mortal world, or to give up this duty and so facilitate the work of

854:

Brian Arthur Brown states that this is unclear, because historic texts present a conflicting picture, ranging from Zoroastrianism's belief in "one god, two gods, or a best god henotheism".

9916: 4108:), which probably embodies the dark night sky itself. Zoroastrianism is therefore a dualistic and polytheistic religion, but with one supreme god, who is the father of the ordered cosmos." 8511: 2773:). In time, this poll-tax came to be used as a means to humble the non-Muslims, and a number of laws and restrictions evolved to emphasize their inferior status. Under the early orthodox 6671: 2292: 9131: 5584: 2750:, in the beginning "there was little serious pressure" exerted on newly subjected people to adopt Islam. Because of their sheer numbers, the conquered Zoroastrians had to be treated as 7901: 1872:, water and fire are respectively the second and last primordial elements to have been created, and scripture considers fire to have its origin in the waters (re. which conception see 9338: 6853: 8041: 8314: 7749: 2926:

Despite economic and social incentives to convert, Zoroastrianism remained strong in some regions, particularly in those furthest away from the Caliphate capital at Baghdad. In

7521: 6277: 3641:). As of 2012, the population of Zoroastrians in US was 15,000, making it the third-largest Zoroastrian population in the world after those of India and Iran. According to the 891:

entities, describing Zoroastrianism as having a belief in an immanent self-creating universe with consciousness as its special attribute, thereby putting Zoroastrianism in the

9588: 2712:) saw the Zoroastrian religion there slowly but surely decline, but as late the 5th century CE, it was still widely practised as something like a second established religion. 7070: 3581:. In India's 2001 census, the Parsi population numbered at 69,601, representing about 0.006% of the total population of India, with a concentration in and around the city of 3045:

rule, when the "best hope for survival was to be inconspicuous." Crucial to the present-day survival of Zoroastrianism was a migration from the northeastern Iranian town of

1539:

yet sometimes combines them into one form. Zoroaster also proclaims that Ahura Mazda is omniscient but not omnipotent. Ahura Mazda existed in light and goodness above, while

7812: 5048: 5782: 3078:

The struggle between Zoroastrianism and Islam declined in the 10th and 11th centuries. Local Iranian dynasties, "all vigorously Muslim," had emerged as largely independent

10510: 8225: 1946:(ritual girdle) daily as a spiritual reminder and for mystical protection, though reformist Zoroastrians tend to only wear them during festivals, ceremonies, and prayers. 1007:, was originally an Indo-Iranian god of "covenant, agreement, treaty, alliance, promise." Mitra is considered a being worthy of worship and is "characterized by riches". 8774: 8630: 566:(falsehood, deceit), the essential nature of Angra Mainyu that expresses itself as greed, wrath, and envy. The central moral precepts of the religion are good thoughts ( 3385:

The surge in Kurdish Muslims converting to Zoroastrianism is largely attributed to disillusionment with Islam after experiencing violence and oppression perpetrated by

507:; the former are to be revered, and the latter rejected. Zoroaster proclaimed that Ahura Mazda was the supreme creator and sustaining force of the universe, working in 422:

of the second millennium BCE, but was first recorded in the mid sixth century BCE. For the following one thousand years it was the official religion of successive

9093: 7488: 6239: 6038: 5497: 860:

In the 19th century, through contact with Western academics and missionaries, Zoroastrianism experienced a massive theological change that still affects it today. The

4937: 3855:

Proponents of a link cite similarities between the two: such as dualism (good and evil, divine twins Ahura Mazda "God" and Angra Mainyu "Satan"), image of the deity,

3300:

revealed 21,400 Zoroastrians. Some 10,000 adherents remain in the Central Asian regions that were once considered the traditional stronghold of Zoroastrianism, i.e.,

2201:, in which the Kavis and Karapans (princes and priests) controlled the ordinary people. He also opposed cruel animal sacrifices and the excessive use of the possibly 10304:

Panaino, Antonio (2015). "The Classification of Astral Bodies in the framework of an Historical Survey of Iranian traditions". In Bläsing, U.; Arakelova, V. (eds.).

792:

Some scholars believe Zoroastrianism started as an Indo-Iranian polytheistic religion: according to Yujin Nagasawa, "like the rest of the Zoroastrian texts, the Old

8254: 3823:

Zoroastrianism is sometimes credited with being the first monotheistic religion in history,antedating the Israelites and leaving a lasting and profound imprint on

1713:, where depending on the verdict one is either greeted at the bridge by a beautiful, sweet-smelling maiden or by an ugly, foul-smelling old hag representing their 6641: 2524:, all Iranians were referred to as "Mede" or "Mada" by the peoples of the Ancient World) and wielded considerable influence at the courts of the Median emperors. 1555:

in humankind and interacts with creation through these bounteous/holy divinities. In addition to these, He is assisted by a league of countless divinities called

9253: 3621: 3263: 1278:, believed to be the cosmic order which governs and permeates all existence, and the concept of which governed the life of the ancient Indo-Iranians. For these, 1887:

for which there is no standard technical term in either scripture or tradition. Ritual exposure is currently mainly practiced by Zoroastrian communities of the

10040:

etc., that appear in the Persian and Sogdian versions of the Book of the Giants, did not figure in the original edition, written by Mani in the Syriac language

8389: 7774: 10325: 9424: 1434:(a master of Asha) and to bring happiness into the world, which contributes to the cosmic battle against evil. The core teachings of Zoroastrianism include: 3677:. The remaining 49% of English Zoroastrians were scattered relatively evenly throughout the country, with the second and third largest concentrations being 1302:

should not be confused with Western and especially Christian notions of good versus evil, for although both forms of opposition express moral conflict, the

8599: 3026:. It became enormously popular among both Zoroastrians and Muslims, and also served to propagate the Sassanid justification for overthrowing the Arsacids. 6068: 3147:

Zoroastrianism has survived into the modern period, particularly in India, where the Parsis are thought to have been present since about the 9th century.

2103:, of which the latter's inclusion is disputed within the faith. Along with these texts is the individual, communal, and ceremonial prayer book called the 10293:

Panaino, Antonio (1995). "Uranographia Iranica I. The Three Heavens in the Zoroastrian Tradition and the Mesopotamian Background". In Gyselen, R. (ed.).

8652: 4476: 3212:(Zoroastrian clergy). The women hold official certificates and can perform the lower-rung religious functions and can initiate people into the religion. 477:, purported to be the direct teachings of Zoroaster and his account of conversations with Ahura Mazda. These writings are part of a major section of the 3004:

in northeastern Iran, a 10th-century Iranian nobleman brought together four Zoroastrian priests to transcribe a Sassanid-era Middle Persian work titled

1227:

is the beginning and the end, the creator of everything that can and cannot be seen, the eternal and uncreated, the all-good and source of Asha. In the

13477: 9370:"Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 9163: 8165: 851:

states Zoroastrianism is henotheistic, and "a dualistic and polytheistic religion, but with one supreme god, who is the father of the ordered cosmos".

7198: 6007: 5757: 3938:. Nominally an Iranian religion, Manichaeism was heavily inspired by Zoroastrianism because of Mani's Iranian origin, and it was also rooted in prior 13568: 8135: 5727: 3266:, the number of Zoroastrians worldwide was estimated to be between 111,691 and 121,962. The number is imprecise because of diverging counts in Iran. 9192: 2959:. Many of these texts are responses to the tribulations of the time, and all of them include exhortations to stand fast in their religious beliefs. 2274:

The Cypress of Kashmar is a mythical cypress tree of legendary beauty and gargantuan dimensions. It is said to have sprung from a branch brought by

16010: 11864: 11149: 11007: 9455: 6091: 3192:

authority within Iran) endorses conversion but conversion from Islam to Zoroastrianism is illegal under the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

1606:, the Moon. From the bull's seed grew all beneficial plants and animals of the world and from the man's seed grew a plant whose leaves became the 15859: 11012: 10558: 3082:

of the Caliphs. In the 16th century, in one of the early letters between Iranian Zoroastrians and their co-religionists in India, the priests of

2395:

as the home of Zarathustra and the birthplace of the religion. No consensus exists as to the localiazation of Airyanem Vaejah, but the region of

8503: 7380: 7229: 2876:, "it was no longer the Zoroastrians alone who stood for patriotism and loyalty to the past." The "damning indictment" that becoming Muslim was 2399:

has been considered by modern scholars as a candidate. Zoroastrianism as a religion was not firmly established until centuries later during the

2382:

Geographical horizon of the Avestan people during the Young Avestan period. Sources for the different localizations are in the file description.

796:

does not teach monotheism". By contrast, Md. Sayem characterizes Zoroastrianism as being one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world.

16916: 11752: 11169: 10840: 8481: 6663: 2673:

form of Zoroastrianism, often building fire temples in captured territories to promote the religion. During the period of their centuries-long

2594:

bear traces of having been burned. Whether a vast collection of (semi-)religious texts "written on parchment in gold ink", as suggested by the

9877: 9701: 9377: 9123: 5573: 5184: 11164: 7909: 5649: 5351: 4437: 4406: 3604:(NADRA) of Pakistan reported that there were 3,650 Parsi voters during the elections in Pakistan in 2013 and 4,235 in 2018. According to the 1563:

of a moral or physical aspect of creation. Asha, is the main spiritual force which comes from Ahura Mazda. It is the cosmic order and is the

9346: 7168: 6845: 16868: 14216: 11154: 9539:

Diószegi, Vilmos (1998) . A sámánhit emlékei a magyar népi műveltségben (in Hungarian) (1. reprint kiadás ed.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.

8542: 7646: 7006: 3601: 2356:, and the Sasanians worked hard to revive the ancient religion. It still remains a few kilometers above the ancient city of Kashmar in the 8033: 5318: 3585:. By 2008, the birth-to-death ratio was 1:5; 200 births per year to 1,000 deaths. India's 2011 census recorded 57,264 Parsi Zoroastrians. 2433: 2083:

The compilation of the Avesta can be authoritatively traced, however, to the Sasanian Empire, of which only fraction survive today if the

1049:

religions. In modern Zoroastrianism, the Yazata are considered holy emanations of the creator, always devoted to him and obey the will of

3225: 857:

Economist Mario Ferrero suggests that Zoroastrianism transitioned from polytheism to monotheism due to political and economic pressures.

455: 10317:

A Walk through the Iranian Heavens: Spherical and Non-Spherical Cosmographic Models in the Imagination of Ancient Iran and Its Neighbors

7623: 7480: 7347:

The land of Airyanem Vaejah, which is described in the text as a land of extreme cold, has often been identified with ancient Choresmia.

4352: 15904: 15831: 13002: 12103: 7744: 6762: 5145: 1618:

formula, Ahura Mazda made the ultimate triumph of good against Angra Mainyu evident. Ahura Mazda will ultimately prevail over the evil

10967: 8120:

Stausberg, Michael (2007). "Para-Zoroastrianisms: Memetic transmissions and appropriations". In Hinnels, John; Williams, John (eds.).

7513: 6611: 4852: 17152: 15704: 12081: 11184: 6269: 4604:

Four Testaments: Tao Te Ching, Analects, Dhammapada, Bhagavad Gita: Sacred Scriptures of Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Hinduism

2145:. All Middle Persian texts written on Zoroastrianism during this time period are considered secondary works on the religion, and not 16155: 9337:

NIAC inSight, Washington insights for the Iranian-American community from the National Iranian American Council (16 December 2016).

8766: 8418: 7312: 6707: 2704:, making them officially break with the Roman Church. But the Sassanids tolerated or even sometimes favored the Christianity of the 17172: 15995: 15869: 15854: 11264: 11073: 10977: 10937: 10902: 7066: 6934: 6395: 5384: 3779:

Zoroastrianism itself inherited ideas from other belief systems and, like other "practiced" religions, accommodates some degree of

2837:

In time, a tradition evolved by which Islam was made to appear as a partly Iranian religion. One example of this was a legend that

1268:) prayer formulas, are believed to be of immense power and the vehicles of Asha and creation used to maintain good and fight evil. 8098: 7807: 6458: 5952: 1868:) are agents of ritual purity, and the associated purification ceremonies are considered the basis of ritual life. In Zoroastrian 10703: 6187: 10530: 8565: 8448: 8220: 7044: 5618: 5219: 4911: 3577:

India is considered to be home to a large Zoroastrian population – the descendants of migrants from Iran and today known as the

1315:, which is "nothing", anti-creation, and thus (likewise) uncreated and developed as the antithesis of existence through choice. 6823: 6581: 6428: 4886: 4235: 4148: 3150:

Today Zoroastrianism can be divided in two main schools of thought: reformists and traditionalists. Traditionalists are mostly

13794: 8744: 8692: 8622: 8336: 8284: 5820: 3811:

mythologies have also been noted, all of which bearing extensive light-dark dualisms and possible sun god theonyms related to

1551:, support him and are representative and guardians of different aspects of creation and the ideal personality. Ahura Mazda is 16015: 10777: 10750: 10732: 10713: 10692: 10673: 10646: 10627: 10608: 10547: 10478: 10459: 10440: 10412: 10393: 10363: 10233: 10202: 10147: 10128: 10110: 9910: 9871: 8204: 6886: 6030: 5850: 4762: 4684: 4612: 4515: 1594:

While Ahura Mazda created the universe and humankind, Angra Mainyu, whose very nature is to destroy, miscreated demons, evil

9955: 9814: 9009: 8892: 7575: 6892: 6365: 5682: 5489: 5455: 4768: 3910:

regarding marriage and procreation. While Mary Boyce says that, besides Abrahamic religions, its influence also extended to

3012:) from Pahlavi script into Arabic script. This transcription, which remained in Middle Persian prose (an Arabic version, by 2226:

According to later Zoroastrian tradition, when Zoroaster was 30 years old, he went into the Daiti river to draw water for a

907:

Zoroastrianism contains multiple classes of divine beings, who are typically organised into tiers and spheres of influence.

16480: 13472: 11857: 3063:, from long tradition, called anyone from Iran"—who today represent the larger of the two groups of Zoroastrians in India. 2726: 2590:, appears to substantiate this Zoroastrian legend. According to one archaeological examination, the ruins of the palace of 1781:

man wearing a distinctive cap and face veil, possibly a camel rider or even a Zoroastrian priest engaging in a ritual at a

1560: 10072: 9306: 6335: 6217: 5285: 5078: 3158:

and like the reformists mostly developed in their modern form from 19th century developments. They generally do not allow

16598: 15879: 15475: 11682: 9275: 6964: 5252: 3633:

is thought to be home to 18,000–25,000 Zoroastrians of both South Asian and Iranian backgrounds. A further 3,500 live in

3625: 2308:) caused the mighty cypress to be felled, and then transported it across Iran, to be used for beams in his new palace at 242: 224: 9561: 8306: 8250: 7544: 2428: 2182:, forming the core of the Avesta, which contain hymns thought to have been composed by Zoroaster himself. Born into the 654:, an adherent of the faith is commonly called a Zoroastrian or a Zarathustrian. An older expression still used today is 371:

that predicts the ultimate triumph of Ahura Mazda over evil. Opinions vary among scholars as to whether the religion is

329:

Zoroastrians exalt an uncreated and benevolent deity of wisdom as the universe's supreme being, commonly referred to as

16808: 16538: 16420: 15874: 14454: 12366: 11745: 10833: 10255: 10165: 10100: 7729: 7692: 7282: 6633: 6521: 6308: 5432: 5108: 2872:

of the Umayyads, and the Iranian national association with a Zoroastrian past was disarmed. Thus, according to scholar

562:(truth, cosmic order), the principle of righteousness or "rightness" that is promoted and embodied by Ahura Mazda, and 9245: 3041:, which remain centers of Iranian Zoroastrianism to this day. Yazd became the seat of the Iranian high priests during 1845: 1386:(personal/higher spirit), which has existed since Ahura Mazda created the universe. Prior to the splitting off of the 16858: 15679: 12887: 10589: 9949: 9808: 9773: 9544: 9521:Š. Kulišić; P.Ž. Petrović; N. Pantelić. "Бели бог". Српски митолошки речник (in Serbian). Belgrade: Nolit. pp. 21–22. 9506: 9408: 7421: 6738: 4816: 861: 77: 8378: 6551: 3791:, Armenia, China, and other places incorporating local and foreign practices and deities. Zoroastrian influences on 3653:. Stewart, Hinze & Williams write that 3,000 Kurds have converted to Zoroastrianism in Sweden. According to the 3359:, literally "of the Good Religion". Sometimes their language is named for the cities in which it is spoken, such as 1025:(Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀) are divine beings worshiped by song and sacrifice in Zoroastrianism, in accordance with the 16911: 14464: 9645: 7746:

The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature

6157: 4729: 2689: 2641: 2072:

sent priests to locate the scientific text portions of the Avesta that were in the possession of the Greeks. Under

10336: 6491: 17177: 16873: 16768: 15894: 15889: 15845: 15470: 14314: 13536: 12521: 11850: 7722:

An Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church, or, The Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire, 100–640 A.D

3066: 1852:

with reliefs of Zoroastrian priests attending a fire, Mullakurgan (near Samarkand), Uzbekistan, 7–8th century CE.

8591: 7329:

Vogelsang, Willhelm (2000). "The sixteen lands of Videvdat – Airyanem Vaejah and the homeland of the Iranians".

1766: 17167: 16728: 16553: 15826: 14840: 14781: 14668: 14547: 14479: 12865: 12503: 12422: 9223: 8237: 7794: 7761: 6793: 6060: 2800:

had been completed at much trouble and expense, a Muslim official contrived to get up onto it, and to call the

2662: 1786: 1415:

in India, among other currently non-traditional opinions, believe in reincarnation and practice vegetarianism.

14960: 14835: 8663: 7441:

Litvinskij, B. A.; Pichikian, I. R. (1994). "The Hellenistic Architecture and Art of the Temple of the Oxus".

4468: 2017:

Persian tradition, Ahura Mazda created the twenty-one Nasks of the original Avesta which Zoroaster brought to

359:), who is personified as a destructive spirit and the adversary of all things good. Zoroastrianism combines a 16878: 16293: 16030: 15689: 15538: 15460: 14882: 13924: 13435: 12074: 11738: 11703: 11136: 10826: 9314: 9283: 9154: 8358: 5982: 4012: 2854: 2735: 1290:) was thus determined to run according to a master plan—inherent to Ahura Mazda—and violations of the order ( 925:

are a class of divine beings "inherited by Zoroastrianism from the prehistoric Indo-Iranian religion. In the

5017: 803:

as the supreme god, but believe in lesser divinities known as Yazatas, who share some similarities with the

16936: 16738: 13946: 12654: 11698: 11645: 11257: 9730:"Zoroastrian Influence on Old Testament Monotheism and Eschatology? A Scriptural and Sociological Analysis" 7190: 6004: 5749: 4934:"(PDF) Zoroastrianism and the Bible: Monotheism by Coincidence? | Erhard Gerstenberger - Academia.edu" 2260:

Zoroaster's ideas were not taken up quickly; he originally only had one convert: his cousin Maidhyoimanha.

17: 14970: 10176: 4309: 2527:

Following the unification of the Median and Persian empires in 550 BCE, Cyrus the Great and later his son

2257:), appeared to delight in war and strife and were condemned as evil workers of Angra Mainyu by Zoroaster. 682:, this term is used as a title for a lay individual who has been formally inducted into the religion in a 16946: 16658: 16653: 16425: 14943: 14904: 14459: 14373: 13941: 13605: 12271: 11635: 9734:

Zoroastrian Influence on Old Testament Monotheism and Eschatology? A Scriptural and Sociological Analysis

9184: 5719: 3773: 3720: 2721: 864:

led various missionary campaigns in India against the Parsi community, disparaging the Parsis for their "

492: 439: 205: 14975: 14965: 9694:"Zoroastrianism ("Resemblances Between Zoroastrianism and Judaism" and "Causes of Analogies Uncertain")" 4135:: "The religion thus seems to involve monotheistic, polytheistic and dualistic features simultaneously." 3234: 2190:. He had a wife, three sons, and three daughters, the numbers of which are gathered from various texts. 958:, also known as Oromasdes, Ohrmazd, Ormazd, Ormusd, Hoormazd, Harzoo, Hormazd, Hormaz and Hurmz, is the 473:, a compendium of texts assembled over several centuries. Its oldest and most central component are the 17157: 17147: 17083: 15719: 15664: 15360: 14100: 13595: 12266: 12208: 11677: 9902:

A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period (vol. 1): The Persian Period (539-331BCE)

9800:

A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period (vol. 1): The Persian Period (539-331BCE)

8795: 2861: 2008:

is a collection of the central religious texts of Zoroastrianism written in the old Iranian dialect of

887:

Lenorant and Chevallier assert that Zoroastrianism's concept of divinity covers both being and mind as

13688: 10809: 10564: 3588:

The Zoroastrian population in Pakistan was estimated to number 1,675 people in 2012, mostly living in

1902:, which is a recitation of the eponymous book of the Avesta and sacrificial ritual ceremony involving 17162: 17142: 16971: 16760: 16618: 16070: 14953: 14732: 14363: 13993: 13516: 12648: 12400: 12237: 12192: 11640: 7363: 5343: 3739: 3726: 3155: 2743: 2316:

soldier (possibly in the employ of his son) on the night when it arrived on the banks of the Tigris.

2084: 544: 435: 238: 15071: 8471: 2868:

had wrongfully wrested it from him. The alleged descent from the Sassanid house counterbalanced the

2407:. Although no consensus exists on the chronology of the Avestan period, the lack of any discernable 582:

serving as a focal point of many ceremonies and rituals. Zoroastrian places of worship are known as

454:. Once numbering millions of adherents at its height, the world's current Zoroastrian population is 16475: 16435: 16390: 16180: 16170: 15975: 15724: 15549: 15485: 15455: 15345: 15110: 15019: 14987: 14948: 14860: 13757: 12982: 12918: 12388: 12373: 12067: 10665: 9693: 9369: 7786: 7546:

Resumen de la Historia Universal: escrito con su conocimiento, y aprobado ... – Joan Cortada i Sala

5176: 4498:

Nagasawa, Yujin (10 December 2019), "Panpsychism Versus Pantheism, Polytheism, and Cosmopsychism",

3670: 3666: 1970: 1512: 848: 415: 48: 13425: 11672: 5641: 4429: 2806:(the Muslim call to prayer) from its walls. This was turned into a pretext to annex the building. 17137: 16926: 16863: 16813: 16773: 16718: 16353: 16348: 16238: 16185: 16075: 16005: 15801: 15607: 15522: 14727: 14705: 14504: 14326: 13851: 13467: 13394: 13078: 12449: 12249: 12158: 12048: 11720: 11650: 11599: 11250: 11230: 10658: 10540:

An Introduction to Ancient Iranian Religion: Readings from the Avesta and Achaemenid Inscriptions

7221: 6016: 4398: 3856: 3848: 3115: 3013: 1736: 263: 52: 11327: 9008:(Supplement to Commerce Reports ed.). Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. p. 46. 8534: 7164: 4209: 2904: 2547:

acknowledged their devotion to Ahura Mazda in inscriptions, as attested to several times in the

1914:, but such an extended ritual is rare in modern Zoroastrianism. The Yasna itself descended from 16793: 16688: 16648: 16628: 16485: 16460: 16365: 16338: 16288: 16258: 16248: 16165: 16130: 16115: 16100: 16055: 15990: 15659: 15590: 15495: 15490: 15231: 15154: 14916: 14798: 14722: 14519: 14509: 14368: 14336: 14274: 14245: 13752: 13747: 13531: 13412: 13372: 13157: 12498: 12493: 12473: 12469: 11667: 9689: 8277:"A group of 8 Zartoshti women received their Mobedyar Certificate from Anjoman Mobedan in Iran" 7638: 7412:(1995). "The Avesta as source for the early history of the Iranians". In Erdosy, George (ed.). 6998: 3989:, which is pivotal to Iranian identity. One notable example is the incorporation of the Yazata 2454: 2053: 1982: 9558:"Zoroastrianism | Definition, Beliefs, Founder, Holy Book, & Facts | Britannica" 6135: 5310: 5027: 4844: 4602: 17034: 16979: 16896: 16848: 16823: 16623: 16445: 16440: 16308: 16298: 16120: 15796: 15734: 15554: 15500: 14921: 14899: 14818: 14759: 14425: 13864: 13715: 12845: 12444: 12356: 11987: 11803: 11788: 11609: 9900: 4806: 4790: 4344: 4199:

The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies | IRANIAN COSMOGONY & DUALISM | By: Gherardo Gnoli.

3896: 3860: 3824: 3646: 3605: 2987: 2693: 2618: 2487: 1497: 1294:) were violations against creation, and thus violations against Ahura Mazda. This concept of 1042: 13735: 13683: 9456:"A Survey of Zoroastrianism Buildings in England. Historic England Research Report 203/2020" 6754: 5137: 3967:

Many aspects of Zoroastrianism are present in the culture and mythologies of the peoples of

2864:, who insisted that the caliphate rightly belonged to him and his descendants, and that the 2781:

laws, administrators were enjoined to leave non-Muslims "in their religion and their land".

2502:

society with what may be recognizably Zoroastrian features, including exposure of the dead.

17024: 17014: 16999: 16906: 16833: 16803: 16778: 16743: 16703: 16698: 16673: 16543: 16465: 16415: 16395: 16385: 16273: 16220: 16195: 16045: 16040: 16020: 15985: 15970: 15914: 15684: 15617: 15585: 15465: 15400: 15266: 15144: 14997: 14877: 14776: 14688: 14656: 14651: 14499: 14231: 13600: 13484: 13068: 12828: 12439: 12383: 12334: 12319: 12172: 11778: 11604: 10849: 10797:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, Farrokh Vajifdar & Alan Williams ( 7409: 6603: 3650: 3642: 3275: 3259: 3254:

Zoroastrian communities internationally tend to comprise mostly two main groups of people:

3229: 3159: 3111: 2681:, the Sassanids made attempts to promote Zoroastrianism there with considerable successes. 2602: 1954: 459: 155: 13799: 12681: 10770:

Zoroastrian Scholasticism in Late Antiquity: The Pahlavi Version of the Yasna HaptaA Haiti

7617: 4043:

Boyd, James W.; Crosby, Donald A. (1979). "Is Zoroastrianism Dualistic or Monotheistic?".

2759:

The Arabs adopted the Sasanian tax-system, both the land-tax levied on landowners and the

2746:. Although the administration of the state was rapidly Islamicized and subsumed under the 8: 17029: 17004: 16984: 16961: 16888: 16838: 16818: 16733: 16723: 16678: 16638: 16593: 16588: 16578: 16568: 16563: 16558: 16548: 16533: 16528: 16523: 16518: 16513: 16490: 16400: 16375: 16253: 16243: 16205: 16175: 16160: 16145: 16135: 16125: 16090: 16085: 16035: 15980: 15955: 15899: 15756: 15739: 15627: 15622: 15612: 15480: 15281: 15194: 15139: 15115: 15002: 14887: 14845: 14640: 14489: 14117: 13909: 13784: 13563: 13350: 13235: 13163: 13053: 12974: 12801: 12454: 12278: 12124: 11783: 11614: 11418: 8796:

Waterfield, Henry; Great Britain India Office Statistics AND Commerce Department (1872).

8414: 7307: 6699: 6179: 4174: 3876: 3792: 2973: 2814: 2568: 2345: 2287: 2282:

in northeastern Iran and to have been planted by Zoroaster in honor of the conversion of

2076:, Arderbad Mahrespandand revised the canon to ensure its orthodox character, while under 1888: 1803: 1785:, since face veils were used to avoid contaminating the holy fire with breath or saliva; 1607: 865: 447: 396: 360: 108: 6926: 6387: 5519:

Foltz, Richard; Saadi-Nejad, Manya (2008). "Is Zoroastrianism an Ecological Religion?".

5376: 5211: 17009: 16989: 16956: 16853: 16843: 16788: 16783: 16713: 16693: 16683: 16668: 16663: 16643: 16613: 16608: 16583: 16573: 16505: 16470: 16455: 16360: 16333: 16323: 16283: 16268: 16263: 16215: 16210: 16150: 16105: 16065: 15960: 15947: 15749: 15729: 15654: 15527: 15350: 15024: 14982: 14823: 14791: 14766: 14693: 14673: 14494: 14442: 14430: 14408: 14000: 13958: 13831: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13445: 13229: 13205: 12584: 12508: 12256: 12202: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11942: 11813: 11808: 11793: 11502: 11436: 10191: 9065: 9035: 8977: 8948: 8918: 8860: 8830: 8801: 8090: 7462: 6450: 6123: 5944: 4721: 4068: 4007: 3923: 3800: 3597: 3344: 3297: 3087: 2935: 2818: 2705: 2658: 2563: 2544: 2269: 2045: 2033: 1469: 392: 14112: 13661: 13257: 12987: 8569: 4792:

The Student's Manual of Oriental History: Medes and Persians, Phœnicians, and Arabians

3702: 3090:, had been more grievous or troublesome for the faithful than 'this millennium of the 2633:(247 BCE – 224 CE) that Zoroastrianism would receive renewed interest. 884:

asserts that Zoroastrianism is principally monotheistic with some dualistic elements.

556:

Zoroastrianism holds that within this cosmic dichotomy humans have the choice between

17066: 17060: 16994: 16951: 16941: 16931: 16921: 16828: 16748: 16708: 16633: 16603: 16495: 16450: 16430: 16405: 16380: 16343: 16328: 16303: 16278: 16190: 16140: 16095: 16080: 16060: 16050: 16025: 15965: 15909: 15669: 15445: 15041: 15012: 14936: 14931: 14892: 14830: 14786: 14771: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14683: 14418: 14304: 14070: 14040: 14020: 13841: 13636: 13617: 13612: 13526: 13489: 13210: 13125: 13048: 12946: 12936: 12904: 12892: 12860: 12837: 12819: 12715: 12570: 12478: 12464: 12427: 12415: 12244: 12163: 12115: 11934: 11831: 11798: 10773: 10756: 10746: 10728: 10709: 10688: 10669: 10642: 10623: 10604: 10585: 10543: 10522: 10474: 10455: 10436: 10408: 10389: 10359: 10229: 10198: 10161: 10143: 10124: 10106: 9945: 9938:

Weisberg, Dvora E. (2000). "The Babylonian Talmud's Treatment of Levirate Marriage".

9906: 9867: 9804: 9769: 9540: 9502: 9404: 8440: 8352: 8233: 8200: 7790: 7757: 7725: 7688: 7454: 7417: 7278: 7040: 6882: 6734: 6304: 6099: 5610: 5428: 4907: 4812: 4758: 4713: 4680: 4608: 4534: 4511: 4060: 3911: 3658: 3645:, the Zoroastrian Canadian population stood at 7,285, of which 3,630 were Parsis (of 3608:, there were 2,348 Parsis across the nation, with 1,656 (70.5%) being located in the 3296:

Iran's figures of Zoroastrians have ranged widely; the last census (1974) before the

3046: 2747: 2701: 2626: 2408: 2403:. At this time, the Zoroastrian community was concentrated in the eastern portion of 1884: 1420: 1054: 896: 633: 531:(the Holy or Bountiful Spirit), the source of life and goodness, which is opposed by 522: 430:, which formalized and institutionalized many of its tenets and rituals, through the 427: 310:. Among the world's oldest organized faiths, it is based on the teachings of Iranian 133: 14524: 14122: 13772: 13494: 10557:

Malandra, William W. "ZOROASTRIANISM i. HISTORICAL REVIEW UP TO THE ARAB CONQUEST".

8827:"Report on the census of British India, taken on the 17th February 1881 ..., Vol. 2" 8222:

Religious Minorities in the Middle East: Domination, Self-Empowerment, Accommodation

7567: 6573: 6420: 4878: 2742:

Over the course of 16 years during the 7th century, most of the Sasanian Empire was

2218:), but did not condemn either practice outright, providing moderation was observed. 99: 17019: 16901: 16798: 16410: 16370: 16318: 16313: 16230: 16200: 16110: 16000: 15864: 15816: 15811: 15370: 15335: 15308: 15066: 15051: 14926: 14850: 14700: 14678: 14586: 14447: 14226: 14189: 14045: 14030: 13978: 13762: 13742: 13710: 13705: 13676: 13671: 13583: 13573: 13382: 13346: 13338: 13309: 13222: 13142: 13137: 13100: 13090: 13016: 12954: 12796: 12633: 12483: 12141: 12013: 11962: 11952: 11619: 11423: 11413: 11121: 10853: 10270: 9794: 8715:"Kurdistan, the only government in Middle East that recognizes religious diversity" 8276: 7372: 7338: 6815: 5555: 5528: 4644: 4569: 4503: 4052: 3972: 3903: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3686: 3609: 3340: 3001: 2909: 2869: 2797: 2793: 2709: 2576: 2353: 2337: 2290:

King Vishtaspa had been a patron of Zoroaster who planted the tree himself. In his

2174: 2142: 1774: 1724: 1656: 1333: 1252: 734: 717:

The first surviving reference to Zoroaster in English scholarship is attributed to

651: 625: 336: 307: 299: 278: 254: 14663: 9557: 8857:"Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states" 5812: 4960: 3742:

that also has its origins in that era. Some examples include cognates between the

2981: 1207:, one of the primary symbols of Zoroastrianism, believed to be the depiction of a 17104: 17097: 17070: 15694: 15674: 15164: 15056: 15046: 14715: 14383: 14174: 14154: 14085: 14050: 13983: 13767: 13693: 13666: 13641: 13578: 13541: 13329: 13272: 13043: 12560: 12361: 12287: 12227: 12182: 12151: 12043: 11218: 11053: 10882: 9939: 9861: 9798: 9763: 9685: 9069: 9061: 9039: 9031: 9003: 8981: 8973: 8952: 8944: 8922: 8914: 8886: 8864: 8856: 8834: 8826: 8805: 8797: 8476: 8229: 7816: 7783: 7753: 7316: 6876: 6357: 6011: 5842: 5447: 5422: 4752: 4260: 4056: 3768: 3378: 3239: 2697: 2654: 2630: 2521: 2392: 2373: 2357: 2349: 2253: 2214: 2209: 2061: 2057: 2013: 1149:

The Amesha Spentas and their "ham-kar" or "collaborator" Yazatas are as follows:

836: 525:

of the universe as well as the highest moral good. Emanating from Ahura Mazda is

431: 423: 388: 384: 193: 123: 9992: 5674: 4754:

The Zoroastrian Tradition: An Introduction to the Ancient Wisdom of Zarathushtra

3738:

becoming distinct peoples. Zoroastrianism consequently shares elements with the

3730:

Indo-Iranian period, that is, to the time before the migrations that led to the

2696:, sometimes persecuted it. In 451 CE, The Sassanid authority clashed with their 1352:, Zoroaster emphasizes deeds and actions within society and accordingly extreme 15821: 15709: 15649: 15365: 15340: 15125: 15029: 14911: 14855: 14808: 14221: 14169: 14065: 14035: 14015: 14010: 14005: 13988: 13884: 13804: 13777: 13730: 13720: 12732: 12395: 12378: 12197: 12177: 12146: 12023: 11930: 11890: 11517: 11512: 11461: 11403: 11197: 11083: 11048: 10917: 10887: 10818: 10281: 10064: 8740: 8688: 8568:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affair. Archived from 7450: 7359: 6513: 6209: 5277: 5070: 4649: 4632: 4574: 4557: 3895:, angelology and demonology, cosmology of six days or periods of creation, and 3812: 3654: 3348: 2952: 2948: 2838: 2509: 2400: 2369: 2313: 2202: 2104: 1924: 1831: 1698: 1628: 1368: 1171: 1165: 723: 605: 419: 319: 140: 59: 12997: 10274: 9530:

Juha Pentikäinen, Walter de Gruyter, Shamanism and Northern Ecology 11/07/2011

6956: 6327: 3661:, of which 4,043 were in England. The majority (51%) of these (2,050) were in 1121:, one of the three judges who pass judgment on the souls of people after death 17131: 15744: 15298: 15179: 14571: 14566: 14514: 14351: 14289: 14184: 14075: 13973: 13904: 13836: 13826: 13789: 13725: 13622: 13588: 13506: 13402: 13365: 13284: 13192: 12643: 12594: 12299: 11957: 11655: 11431: 11342: 10987: 10760: 10526: 10497: 10424:

Zoroastrianism: A Shadowy but Powerful Presence in the Judaeo-Christian World

10221: 7612: 7458: 6103: 5559: 5244: 4717: 4507: 4064: 3985: 3788: 3716: 3630: 3402: 3176: 3107: 3030: 2688:, Persia's arch-rival since Parthian times, the Sassanids were suspicious of 2466: 2446: 2412: 2387: 2301: 2235: 2130: 2060:), an attempt was made to restore what was considered the Avesta. During the 1923:

with a corpus of individual and communal rituals and prayers included in the

1915: 1827: 1572: 1516: 1508: 1412: 1408: 1232: 1159: 1066: 959: 832: 718: 527: 516: 443: 364: 14413: 11730: 10794: 10193:

Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quantitative History

7376: 6543: 6149: 5100: 1957:, which can differ from community to community. Zoroastrian prayers, called 434:, which revitalized the faith and standardized its teachings. Following the 15884: 15786: 15642: 15330: 15325: 15303: 15293: 15174: 14606: 14541: 14484: 14469: 14435: 14060: 13968: 12964: 12855: 12850: 12701: 12671: 12545: 12513: 12261: 12232: 12219: 12018: 12008: 11761: 11522: 11507: 11476: 11466: 11398: 11393: 11362: 10251: 9547:. The title means: "Remnants of shamanistic beliefs in Hungarian folklore". 9307:"TABLE 9 : POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS - 2023" 9276:"TABLE 9 : POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS - 2023" 8942: 8337:"گزارش تصویری-موبدیاران بانوی زرتشتی، به جرگه موبدیاران پیوستند (بخش نخست)" 6483: 5532: 4535:"A Brief Historical Survey Of The Monotheistic Concept In Religious Belief" 4285: 4236:"Heard of Zoroastrianism? The ancient religion still has fervent followers" 4149:"Heard of Zoroastrianism? The ancient religion still has fervent followers" 3968: 3884: 3317: 3284: 3255: 3016:, also exists), was completed in 957 and subsequently became the basis for 2951:

dialect of that period (free of Arabic words) and written in the difficult

2789: 2685: 2499: 2404: 2198: 2170: 2134: 1771: 1692: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1540: 1535:

keeps the two attributes separate as two different concepts in most of the

1324: 881: 869: 583: 533: 404: 380: 376: 372: 104: 14107: 12752: 8653:"Hamazor Issue #2 2017: "Kurdistan reclaims its ancient Zoroastrian Faith" 7342: 2378: 17121: 17109: 15806: 15781: 15600: 15568: 15559: 15505: 15435: 15420: 15313: 15204: 14865: 14813: 14601: 14319: 14299: 14139: 14080: 13818: 13814: 13627: 13115: 13063: 13033: 12870: 12724: 12616: 12540: 12405: 12341: 12292: 11873: 11842: 11594: 11408: 11287: 11144: 11116: 10962: 10932: 10867: 4261:"Spenta Mainyu | Ahura Mazda, Supreme Being, Zoroastrianism | Britannica" 3939: 3935: 3731: 3674: 3125: 3053:, in western India. The descendants of that group are today known as the 2831: 2610: 2528: 2419:

makes a time frame in the first half of the first millennium BCE likely.

2052:

As tradition continues, under the reign of King Valax (identified with a

1807: 1794: 1782: 1640: 1588: 1428:

ultimate purpose in the life of a practicing Zoroastrian is to become an

1403: 1356:

is frowned upon in Zoroastrianism but moderate forms are allowed within.

1224: 1130: 1095: 1082: 1050: 963: 955: 892: 876: 800: 777: 469:

The central beliefs and practices of Zoroastrianism are contained in the

368: 331: 15120: 15061: 14164: 13558: 13377: 12926: 10023:, ed. Mircea Eliade (NY: MacMillan Library Reference USA, 1987), 9: 165. 9641: 7627:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 186. 7466: 7191:"ZOROASTRIANISM i. HISTORY TO THE ARAB CONQUEST – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 6090:

Ajiri, Denise Hassanzade; correspondent, Tehran Bureau (11 April 2016).

4725: 4701: 3280: 3120: 15772: 15767: 15637: 15632: 15595: 15573: 15430: 15410: 15405: 15246: 15236: 15199: 14803: 14581: 14529: 14269: 13914: 13894: 13430: 13355: 13294: 13058: 13038: 12959: 12611: 12579: 12550: 12329: 12324: 12309: 11947: 11532: 11497: 11388: 11302: 11192: 10872: 10381: 9997: 7255: 4885:, vol. 1, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 684–687, 4116: 4114: 4072: 3994: 3907: 3868: 3864: 3832: 3780: 3682: 3678: 3336: 3200: 3172: 2931: 2893: 2873: 2674: 2572: 2470: 2461: 2450: 2386:

The roots of Zoroastrianism are thought to lie in a common prehistoric

2231: 2194: 2126: 2039: 1892: 1873: 1740: 1719: 1718:

towards the House of Lies. Those with a balance of good and evil go to

1564: 1483: 1472:

to keep one's soul aligned with Asha and thus with spreading happiness.

1399: 1353: 1153: 950: 772:) is an alternative form in English used as well for the faith, taking 400: 14611: 13450: 1318: 15714: 15510: 15425: 15415: 15286: 15241: 15226: 15159: 15007: 14474: 14396: 14356: 14346: 14309: 14284: 14264: 14159: 14025: 13879: 13869: 13631: 13551: 13546: 13457: 13267: 13252: 13217: 13200: 13182: 13095: 12875: 12791: 12770: 12765: 12742: 12737: 12696: 12691: 12628: 12565: 12488: 12459: 12410: 12351: 12304: 11589: 11584: 11312: 11292: 10972: 10511:"Zoroastrian tradition at Mangyshlak: underground mosque Shakpak-Ata" 9684: 9339:"An Old Faith in the New World – Zoroastrianism in the United States" 8689:"Zoroastrian faith returns to Kurdistan in response to ISIS violence" 7902:"Kamar Oniah Kamaruzzaman, Al-Biruni: Father of Comparative Religion" 4676: 3634: 3339:, where many still speak an Iranian language distinct from the usual 3060: 3042: 3022: 2850: 2810: 2731: 2670: 2666: 2537: 2482: 2438: 2333: 2325: 2283: 2275: 2163: 2146: 2077: 2073: 2018: 1869: 1747: 1611: 1532: 1395: 1215: 1204: 1177: 1004: 995: 938: 539: 491:. Zoroaster's religious philosophy divided the early Iranian gods of 315: 175: 13147: 12676: 10725:

The Other God: Dualist Religions from Antiquity to the Cathar Heresy

10305: 10294: 9729: 9668: 9584: 9215: 9001: 6785: 5044: 4933: 4111: 3975:-speaking world, in part as festivals and customs, but also because 3029:

Among migrations were those to cities in (or on the margins of) the

2286:

to Zoroastrianism. According to the Iranian physicist and historian

1895:

poisoning has not led to the virtual extinction of scavenger birds.

17092: 15517: 15261: 15251: 15106: 14596: 14576: 14403: 14279: 14134: 13698: 13420: 13360: 13279: 13187: 13174: 13152: 13132: 13110: 13105: 13085: 13025: 12992: 12931: 12775: 12760: 12638: 12599: 12555: 12346: 12283: 12187: 12090: 12038: 11915: 11905: 11900: 11527: 11451: 11446: 11213: 11179: 11174: 11101: 11093: 11043: 11028: 10957: 10927: 10897: 7872: 7639:"ALEXANDER THE GREAT ii. In Zoroastrianism – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 6755:"ALEXANDER THE GREAT ii. In Zoroastrianism – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 6706:. Vol. 3. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul. pp. 35–44. 4633:"From Polytheism to Monotheism: Zoroaster and Some Economic Theory" 4558:"From Polytheism to Monotheism: Zoroaster and Some Economic Theory" 4310:

The Moral and Ethical Teachings of the Ancient Zoroastrian Religion

4079: 3976: 3880: 3751: 3313: 3309: 3188: 3164: 3017: 2884: 2858: 2846: 2760: 2678: 2614: 2606: 2591: 2548: 2481:

Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the mid-5th century BCE.

2396: 2329: 2324:

Kashmar Fire Temple was the first Zoroastrian fire temple built by

2249: 2100: 2096: 2069: 1911: 1907: 1823: 1819: 1811: 1584: 1552: 1478: 1382: 1209: 1183: 888: 828: 463: 8741:"Zoroastrian faith returns to Kurdistan in response to ISIL viole" 7362:(2000). "The Home of the Aryans". In Hinze, A.; Tichy, E. (eds.). 6731:

The Shaping of Western Civilization: From Antiquity to the Present

5974: 2512:(648–330 BCE), in particular with respect to the role of the 1479:

Being good for the sake of goodness and without the hope of reward

941:, who originally ruled over the primeval undifferentiated Chaos." 15791: 15390: 15355: 15276: 15189: 15130: 15034: 14737: 14591: 14341: 14294: 14179: 14055: 13874: 13299: 13262: 13073: 12623: 12589: 12432: 12133: 12003: 11967: 11882: 11558: 11492: 11471: 11317: 11242: 11159: 11038: 10892: 10705:

The Inconceivable Polytheism: Studies in Religious Historiography

9585:"Zoroastrian Influence on Post-Exilic Jewish Belief and Practice" 9216:"Number of non-Muslim voters in Pakistan shows rise of over 30pc" 7616: 6484:"Zoroastrian rituals: Navjote/Sudre-Pooshi (initiation) ceremony" 3990: 3942: 3743: 3735: 3593: 3301: 3288: 3079: 3050: 2940: 2927: 2889: 2865: 2785: 2777:, as long as the non-Muslims paid their taxes and adhered to the 2774: 2646: 2557: 2533: 2442: 2309: 2297: 2279: 2187: 2183: 2138: 2122: 2023: 2009: 1999: 1949:

Historically, Zoroastrians are encouraged to pray the five daily

1931: 1906:. Extensions to the Yasna ritual are possible through use of the 1849: 1746:

According to legend, the final savior of the world, known as the

1706: 1672: 1622:, at which point reality will undergo a cosmic renovation called 1528: 1430: 1124: 1109: 1030: 1016: 975: 844: 816: 812: 808: 684: 679: 609: 488: 346: 311: 232: 165: 10805:

FEZANA – Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America

9401:

The Zoroastrian Flame: Exploring Religion, History and Tradition

5045:"The Amesha spentas and their helpers: The Zoroastrian ham-kars" 3208:

in Iran and North America as mobedyars, meaning women assistant

2853:. This "wholly fictitious figure" was said to have borne Husayn 1953:

and to maintain and celebrate the various holy festivals of the

15699: 15578: 15563: 15382: 15271: 15256: 15214: 14992: 14870: 14144: 13899: 13889: 13501: 13462: 13304: 12912: 12882: 12606: 11910: 11660: 11537: 11383: 11378: 11347: 11111: 11106: 11078: 11058: 10992: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10813: 10296:

Au carrefour des religions. Mélanges offerts à Philippe Gignoux

9680: 9678: 9094:"Parsi population dips by 22 per cent between 2001–2011: study" 8855:

Baines, Jervoise Athelstane; India Census Commissioner (1891).

8854: 8767:"Iraqi Kurds turn to Zoroastrianism as faith, identity entwine" 6790:

The ZoroastrianFlame. Exploring Religion, History and Tradition

6270:"MAGIC i. MAGICAL ELEMENTS IN THE AVESTA AND NĒRANG LITERATURE" 6092:"Herbal life: traditional medicine gets a modern twist in Iran" 5546:

Foltz, Richard (2010). "Zoroastrian Attitudes toward Animals".

3980: 3949: 3888: 3784: 3662: 3638: 3582: 3398: 3332: 3324: 3204: 3140: 3103: 3091: 3038: 2991: 2934:), resistance to Islam required the 9th-century Arab commander 2877: 2752: 2622: 2516:. According to Herodotus, the Magi were the sixth tribe of the 2416: 2305: 2244: 2239: 2179: 2088: 2065: 1995: 1960: 1942: 1936: 1799: 1778: 1710: 1702: 1680: 1556: 1536: 1349: 1264: 1236: 1228: 1118: 1104: 1078: 1074: 1058: 1038: 1026: 1022: 934: 840: 824: 820: 804: 793: 710: 451: 391:, while scholars differ on whether it significantly influenced 324: 200: 145: 14090: 10601:

The Image of Zoroaster: The Persian Mage Through European Eyes

9425:"Religion, England and Wales – Office for National Statistics" 2508:

is a primary source of information on the early period of the

1950: 15395: 15169: 15149: 15134: 14710: 14536: 14331: 14194: 14149: 14129: 13289: 12686: 12532: 12314: 11920: 11895: 11770: 11579: 11553: 11456: 11441: 11357: 11352: 11126: 10997: 10982: 10307:

Studies on Iran and The Caucasus in Honour of Garnik Asatrian

9941:

The Annual of Rabbinic Judaism: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern

9032:"Census of India 1931. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Imperial tables" 8947:. Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. pp. 37–42. 3872: 3762: 3756: 3589: 3578: 3305: 3209: 3180: 3151: 3136: 3055: 2967: 2956: 2802: 2765: 2517: 2227: 2205: 2108: 2092: 1920: 1903: 1899: 1839: 1835: 1714: 1648: 1631:(meaning "best dominion"), being resurrected to immortality. 1544: 1243: 1134: 1100: 1062: 1000: 983: 971: 922: 916: 764: 704: 698: 646: 599: 503: 497: 483: 408: 9675: 9642:"The impact of Zoroastrianism upon Judaism and Christianity" 8136:"They Helped Build Modern India But Are Shrinking As A Race" 2601:

Alexander's conquests largely displaced Zoroastrianism with

1200: 15320: 15209: 13120: 12059: 11823: 11563: 11307: 11297: 11068: 11063: 11033: 10912: 10907: 10877: 9368:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022).

8943:

Edward Albert Gait, Sir; India Census Commissioner (1911).

7508: 7506: 3892: 3697: 3386: 3369: 3328: 3247: 3243: 3083: 3071: 3034: 2913: 2513: 2474: 1966: 1864: 1858: 1664: 1274: 1046: 752: 558: 112: 10582:

The Treasure of the Magi: A Study of Modern Zoroastrianism

9975: 9973: 8891:. The story of nations. G. P. Putnam's sons. p. 355. 8623:"The curious rebirth of Zoroastrianism in Iraqi Kurdistan" 6878:

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Volume III: K-P

6700:"AVESTA i. Survey of the history and contents of the book" 5925: 5901: 3979:

incorporated a number of the figures and stories from the

2738:

Burns Zarthust's Chest and Shatters the Urn with his Ashes

1559:, meaning "worthy of worship." Each Yazata is generally a 15219: 15184: 13859: 13196: 11002: 10922: 9059: 7514:"Herodotus, The Histories, Book 3, chapter 67, section 3" 5975:"Dadestan-i Denig ('Religious Decisions'): Chapters 1–41" 5338: 5336: 4607:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 347–349. 4210:"Avesta | Definition, Contents, & Facts | Britannica" 3292:

ceremony (rites of admission into the Zoroastrian faith).

2842: 2813:

found few records left of the belief of for instance the

1603: 1272:

should not be confused with the fundamental principle of

758: 743: 721:(1605–1682), who briefly refers to Zoroaster in his 1643 515:(the invisible spiritual and mental realm) through seven 7503: 6788:. In Alan Williams; Sarah Stewart; Almut Hintze (eds.). 5913: 5305: 5303: 3132: 1830:

to the invisible realm and involving the consumption of

1722:, a purgatorial realm mentioned in the 9th century work 9970: 8995: 7666: 7664: 7145: 7021: 3622:

Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America

3264:

Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America

2012:. The history of the Avesta is speculated upon in many 1475:

The spiritual equality and duty of men and women alike.

537:(the Destructive or Opposing Spirit), who is born from 438:

in the mid seventh century CE, Zoroastrianism declined

383:, or a combination of all three. Zoroastrianism shaped 12102: 10804: 10211:

Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques (1988), "Zoroastrianism",

9399:

Stewart, Sarah; Hintze, Almut; Williams, Alan (2016).

8798:"Memorandum on the census of British India of 1871-72" 7822: 5333: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 1398:, and Zoroastrianism as such rejects extreme forms of 933:

denotes the "older gods", such as the "Father Asura",

875:

The arrival of the German orientalist and philologist

543:(evil thought). Angra Mainyu was further developed by 17081: 10603:. Persian Studies Series. Bibliotheca Persica Press. 10244:

Civilization of the Eastern Iranians in Ancient Times

10032:

Contrast with Henning's observations: Henning, W.B.,

9398: 8915:"Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables" 8563: 5889: 5865: 5521:

Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture

5300: 4804: 2896:, it also created a harsher climate for non-Muslims. 2328:

at the request of Zoroaster in Kashmar. In a part of

1958: 1930:

A Zoroastrian is welcomed into the faith through the

1257: 1041:

are varied, with many also being featured as gods in

761: 746: 289: 268: 9367: 8974:"Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables" 8566:"Iran – International Religious Freedom Report 2009" 8307:"Sedreh Pooshi by Female Mobedyar in Toronto Canada" 8068: 7701: 7661: 6979: 6907: 6786:"Ancient Iranian Motifs and Zoroastrian Iconography" 5877: 5470: 4582: 4286:"Angra Mainyu | Definition & Facts | Britannica" 2598:, actually existed remains a matter of speculation. 2575:

and subsequently destroyed the royal library there.

749: 548: 10452:

Zoroastrianism: An Introduction to an Ancient Faith

10158:

Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices

10121:

Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices

9612:

Zoroastrians: their religious beliefs and practices

9246:"Over 35,000 Buddhists, Baháʼís call Pakistan home" 8504:"Disenchanted Iranians are turning to other faiths" 8379:"The Zarathushti World, a 2012 Demographic Picture" 7440: 5123: 3706:

Map of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century BCE

3154:and accept, beside the Gathas and Avesta, also the 2520:(until the unification of the Persian empire under 2441:head of a Zoroastrian priest wearing a distinctive 2230:ceremony; when he emerged, he received a vision of 740: 737: 10657: 10210: 10190: 9847: 9153: 9088: 9086: 8085: 8083: 6089: 5750:"Zoroastrianism: Holy text, beliefs and practices" 5639: 5490:"What Does Zoroastrianism Teach Us About Ecology?" 5206: 5204: 5202: 4600: 2429:Western references to Zoroaster and Zoroastrianism 2068:, to finish the work that King Valax had started. 1879:A corpse is considered a host for decay, i.e., of 839:worshipped all these figures; especially the gods 450:as refugees and became the progenitors of today's 10745:. Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky. 2008. 10226:Religions of Iran: From Prehistory to the Present 9757: 9755: 8441:"Zoroastrians Keep the Faith, and Keep Dwindling" 8339:. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013 8251:"The Jury Is Still Out On Women as Parsi Priests" 8197:Contemporary Zoroastrians: An Unstructured Nation 8166:"The journey of India's Parsi business community" 7365:Festschrift für Johanna Narten zum 70. Geburtstag 5611:"Zoroastrians Keep the Faith, and Keep Dwindling" 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 2661:was without a doubt the dominant religion in the 1380:(soul) of an individual is still united with its 17129: 10848: 9863:Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research 9765:Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research 9501:. John Wiley & Sons. 2015. pp. 83–191. 8091:"CONVERSION vii. Zoroastrian faith in mod. per." 8031: 8015: 8013: 8011: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7939: 6816:"Greece iii. Persian Influence on Greek Thought" 5518: 5421:Cavendish, Richard; Ling, Trevor Oswald (1980), 4670: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 3959:The two religions have substantial differences. 3367:. Iranian Zoroastrians were historically called 3070:A special container carrying the holy fire from 2849:, had married a captive Sassanid princess named 2242:). Some of the deities of the old religion, the 2186:clan, he refers to himself as a poet-priest and 688:ceremony, in contrast to the priestly titles of 658:, meaning "of the good religion", deriving from 10405:Textual sources for the study of Zoroastrianism 10019:Gherardo Gnoli, "Manichaeism: An Overview", in 9789: 9787: 9785: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9629:. K.R. Cama Oriental Institute. p. 24,198. 9499:The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism 9083: 8945:"Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables" 8878: 8080: 7481:"Herodotus, The Histories, Book 1, chapter 140" 6031:"Herodotus, The Histories, Book 1, chapter 131" 5714: 5712: 5199: 4983: 4981: 4626: 4624: 4338: 4336: 3691:A Survey of Zoroastrianism Buildings in England 2834:and ready to use all sorts of means to do so." 2238:) and other divinities which he called Ahuras ( 495:into emanations of the natural world, known as 10542:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 10496: 9752: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7849: 6415: 6413: 5640:Duchesne-Guillemin, Jacques (4 January 2024). 5399: 4093: 4091: 2536:, took power shortly thereafter. Owing to the 12075: 11858: 11760: 11746: 11258: 10834: 9768:. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 95–97, 131. 9453: 9002:United States Department of Commerce (1924). 8532: 8008: 7967: 7936: 7756:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 28 September 2014. 7719: 7260:A History Of Zoroastrianism: The Early Period 6846:"Is The Vandidad a Zarathushtrian Scripture?" 5574:"Interfaith Vegan Coalition: ZoroastrIan KIt" 5420: 4872: 4870: 4657: 4539:International Journal of History and Research 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4328:Zoroastrianism: The Religion of the Good Life 3725:The religion of Zoroastrianism is closest to 3421: 2880:only remained an idiom in Zoroastrian texts. 2715: 2708:. The acceptance of Christianity in Georgia ( 2208:plant (conjectured to have been a species of 403:with other religions and traditions, such as 352: 314:Zarathustra—commonly known by his Greek name 10183:, vol. IV (1st ed.), Leyden: Brill 10099:Black, Matthew; Rowley, H. H., eds. (1982), 9782: 9716: 9336: 8592:"Census: Iran young, urbanised and educated" 8535:"Zoroastrian Demographics & Group Names" 8469: 8199:. University Press of America. p. 146. 5709: 4978: 4621: 4333: 3772:("god") and they both descend from a common 3602:National Database and Registration Authority 3238:The sacred Zoroastrian pilgrimage shrine of 2649:, 7–8th century CE, Hirman Tepe, Uzbekistan. 2391:millennium BCE. Zoroastrian tradition names 2293:ʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt 1898:The central ritual of Zoroastrianism is the 1793:Throughout Zoroastrian history, shrines and 1372:depend on how individuals live their lives. 414:Originating from Zoroaster's reforms of the 10407:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 10098: 10036:, BSOAS, Vol. XI, Part 1, 1943, pp. 52–74: 9835: 9803:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 361–364. 9582: 9053: 9024: 8966: 8936: 8907: 8848: 8819: 8789: 8372: 8370: 8368: 7846: 7093:"تاریخچه و نقشه جامع شهر کاشمر در ویکی آنا" 6881:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 124. 6733:. University of Toronto Press. p. 20. 6693: 6691: 6689: 6410: 5371: 5369: 4088: 4045:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 4038: 4036: 4034: 3226:List of countries by Zoroastrian population 2278:from Paradise and to have stood in today's 2193:Zoroaster rejected many of the gods of the 2115: 1891:, in locations where it is not illegal and 1743:, will break free and terrorize the world. 1451: 755: 12082: 12068: 11872: 11865: 11851: 11753: 11739: 11326: 11265: 11251: 10841: 10827: 9185:"The Parsi Community in Karachi, Pakistan" 5777: 5775: 5669: 5667: 4867: 4811:. Cambridge University Press. p. 81. 4808:General Sketch of the History of Pantheism 4367: 4042: 2744:conquered by the emerging Muslim caliphate 2080:, the Avesta was translated into Pahlavi. 636:. The Zoroastrian name of the religion is 10620:Zoroastrianism: A Guide for the Perplexed 8564:U.S. State Department (26 October 2009). 8119: 7328: 7319:, concise edn. (NY: Oxford UP, 2002), 45. 7302: 7300: 7298: 6478: 6476: 5608: 5272: 5270: 4648: 4573: 3952:for its own pantheon. Gherardo Gnoli, in 2769:, a tax levied on non-Muslims (i.e., the 2319: 1407:Zoroastrianism does not have a notion of 78:Learn how and when to remove this message 62:so that sources are clearly identifiable. 14639: 10722: 10537: 9937: 9859: 9761: 9639: 9005:Trade and Economic Review for 1922 No.34 8365: 7611: 7408: 7219: 6874: 6686: 6322: 6320: 5366: 5038: 5036: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4497: 4427: 4031: 3701: 3698:Relation to other religions and cultures 3408:Historical population of Parsis in India 3279: 3269: 3233: 3131: 3119: 3065: 2903: 2725: 2640: 2460: 2432: 2377: 1844: 1765: 1761: 1317: 1199: 245: instead of the intended characters. 15936: 10701: 10682: 10655: 10579: 10356:The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism 10353: 10323: 10314: 10303: 10292: 10280: 10188: 10174: 10051: 8074: 7961: 7930: 7828: 7687:. Paris: Louvre Editions. p. 157. 6303:. Paris: Louvre Editions. p. 159. 5931: 5919: 5907: 5895: 5883: 5871: 5772: 5664: 5239: 5237: 4987: 4671:Hinnells, John; Williams, Alan (2007). 4630: 4555: 4528: 4526: 4428:Karanjia, Ramiyar P. (14 August 2016). 4396: 4342: 4120: 4097: 3710: 2555:According to later Zoroastrian legend ( 1697:Individual judgment at death is at the 1579:) and 3,000 years later, the physical ( 1262:(similar to the Hindu sacred utterance 962:and the supreme god in Zoroastrianism. 902: 440:amid persecution and forced conversions 418:, Zoroastrianism may have roots in the 243:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 17130: 10708:. Harwood Academic. pp. 217–219. 10487: 10468: 10250: 10241: 9898: 9793: 9727: 9624: 9062:"Census of India, 1941. Vol. 1, India" 8884: 8287:from the original on 27 September 2013 8194: 7682: 7578:from the original on 21 September 2023 7358: 7295: 7272: 7067:"The Cypress of Kashmar and Zoroaster" 6783: 6728: 6473: 6298: 5609:Goodstein, Laurie (6 September 2008). 5590:from the original on 24 September 2022 5424:Mythology: an Illustrated Encyclopedia 5267: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5011: 4958: 4699: 4397:Russell, James R. (15 December 1989). 4132: 3934:Zoroastrianism is often compared with 3818: 3760:('demon', 'evil demigod'); as well as 3262:. According to a study in 2012 by the 2422: 1438:Following the threefold path of Asha: 487:, which forms the core of Zoroastrian 15935: 15088: 14638: 12101: 12063: 11846: 11734: 11246: 10822: 10767: 10508: 10488:Dhalla, Maneckji Nusservanji (1938). 10449: 10430: 10421: 10402: 10380: 10333:Iranian Studies at Harvard University 10220: 10179:, in Houtsma, Martijn Theodor (ed.), 10155: 10137: 10118: 9979: 9919:from the original on 26 February 2024 9880:from the original on 26 February 2024 9740:from the original on 25 February 2024 9648:from the original on 26 February 2024 9625:Dhalla, Maneckji Nusservanji (1985). 9609: 9591:from the original on 25 February 2024 9485: 9435:from the original on 29 November 2022 9134:from the original on 27 November 2021 8620: 8176:from the original on 22 December 2023 8146:from the original on 22 December 2023 8124:. London: Routledge. pp. 236–54. 8101:from the original on 21 February 2018 8062: 8019: 8002: 7990: 7978: 7949: 7888: 7876: 7859: 7840: 7707: 7670: 7491:from the original on 30 December 2022 7414:The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia 7254: 7151: 7043:. www.goldenassay.com. 17 July 2012. 7027: 6985: 6937:from the original on 29 November 2021 6913: 6765:from the original on 18 November 2020 6554:from the original on 10 December 2022 6317: 6041:from the original on 27 February 2021 5703: 5545: 5476: 5387:from the original on 17 November 2017 5042: 5033: 5023: 4999: 4876: 4855:from the original on 2 September 2023 4832: 4789:François Lenormant and E. Chevallier 4588: 4532: 4500:The Routledge Handbook of Panpsychism 4479:from the original on 28 February 2021 4384: 4233: 3922:Zoroastrians are considered to be a " 3308:), which is in Northern Afghanistan; 2263: 2221: 1461:good thoughts, good words, good deeds 1053:. While subject to repression by the 27:Iranian religion founded by Zoroaster 10636: 10617: 10598: 10556: 10492:. New York: Oxford University Press. 10263:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 9958:from the original on 3 February 2022 9860:Nigosian, Solomon Alexander (1993). 9762:Nigosian, Solomon Alexander (1993). 9704:from the original on 7 February 2022 9583:Fredrickson, Nathan (January 2009). 9256:from the original on 2 November 2012 9213: 9195:from the original on 7 February 2015 8602:from the original on 2 December 2014 8451:from the original on 20 October 2023 8257:from the original on 14 October 2013 8034:"What sets Zoroastrian Iranis apart" 7568:"BISOTUN iii. Darius's Inscriptions" 7542: 7386:from the original on 13 October 2022 7201:from the original on 5 December 2018 7171:from the original on 11 October 2016 7123:"ترشیز؛ دروازه ورود اسلام به خراسان" 6584:from the original on 11 January 2012 6494:from the original on 25 October 2010 6431:from the original on 10 October 2017 5760:from the original on 5 December 2018 5652:from the original on 22 January 2012 5621:from the original on 20 October 2023 5234: 4750: 4706:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 4545:(1): 33–44 – via Researchgate. 4523: 4430:"Understanding Our Religious Titles" 4355:from the original on 16 January 2017 4143: 4141: 3199:At the request of the government of 3086:lamented that "no period , not even 2567:), many sacred texts were lost when 1798:particularly influenced the role of 1587:, the archetypical perfect man, and 1190: 1174:+ Ap / Daena / Ashi / Manthra Spenta 549: 31: 10584:. London: Oxford University Press. 10502:The Eliade Guide to World Religions 10454:. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. 9104:from the original on 6 January 2019 8747:from the original on 25 August 2017 8695:from the original on 25 August 2017 8514:from the original on 11 August 2023 8395:from the original on 16 August 2017 8376: 8317:from the original on 9 October 2014 8122:Parsis in India and their Diasporas 7596: 6697: 5823:from the original on 5 October 2023 5494:Parliament of the World's Religions 5321:from the original on 5 October 2023 5255:from the original on 5 October 2023 5160: 5111:from the original on 10 August 2019 4959:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 4409:from the original on 5 October 2023 3962: 3846:According to some sources, such as 3657:, there were 4,105 Zoroastrians in 3626:Zoroastrianism in the United States 2629:." It was not until the end of the 2173:religion, which featured excessive 2049:or the transmitted oral tradition. 1168:+ Khwar / Mithra / Asman / Anaghran 1112:- formerly an Iranian water goddess 353: 340: 303: 282: 258: 24: 15905:Religions and spiritual traditions 12104:Religious groups and denominations 11272: 10683:Skjærvø, Prods Oktor, ed. (2011). 10664:. Harvard Iranian Series. Oxford: 10515:Kulturní studia / Cultural Studies 10373: 10075:from the original on 1 August 2019 9899:Grabbe, Lester L. (27 July 2006). 9817:from the original on 31 March 2024 9060:India Census Commissioner (1941). 8777:from the original on 13 April 2020 8633:from the original on 17 April 2017 8545:from the original on 1 August 2017 8421:from the original on 11 March 2023 8219:Anne Sofie Roald, Anh Nga Longva. 8044:from the original on 19 April 2020 8032:Shastri, Padmaja (21 March 2004). 7809:The Georgian Republic, Volume 1992 7685:Splendeurs des oasis d'Ouzbékistan 7524:from the original on 3 August 2023 7309:Atlas&pg=PA45 of World History 6967:from the original on 1 August 2019 6895:from the original on 31 March 2024 6856:from the original on 7 August 2014 6524:from the original on 31 March 2024 6461:from the original on 4 August 2019 6301:Splendeurs des oasis d'Ouzbékistan 6110:from the original on 16 April 2019 6003:Lee Lawrence. (3 September 2011). 5051:from the original on 17 March 2024 4961:"Mithra i - Encyclopaedia Iranica" 4940:from the original on 17 March 2024 4771:from the original on 31 March 2024 4732:from the original on 22 April 2021 4458:Browne, T. (1643) "Religio Medici" 4440:from the original on 21 March 2023 3416: 3171:Parsi-Zoroastrians, including the 3047:"Sanjan in south-western Khorasan" 1515:, all-good, and uncreated supreme 1195: 650:, meaning "worship, devotion". In 25: 17189: 10788: 10228:, London: Oneworld publications, 9666: 9640:Patchell, Herbert Sidney (1965). 9564:from the original on 8 April 2023 9466:from the original on 16 June 2020 9380:from the original on 5 March 2023 9214:Khan, Iftikhar A. (28 May 2018). 8721:from the original on 13 July 2019 7776:The Making of the Georgian Nation 7371:. J. H. Roell. pp. 283–338. 7047:from the original on 6 March 2021 7041:"The Destruction of Sacred Trees" 6796:from the original on 24 June 2021 6710:from the original on 22 July 2019 6674:from the original on 13 July 2019 6644:from the original on 13 July 2019 6614:from the original on 13 July 2019 6398:from the original on 13 July 2019 6280:from the original on 13 July 2019 6250:from the original on 13 July 2019 6220:from the original on 25 June 2019 6071:from the original on 28 July 2019 5985:from the original on 31 July 2019 5955:from the original on 13 July 2019 5500:from the original on 13 July 2019 5458:from the original on 17 July 2019 5354:from the original on 23 July 2023 5222:from the original on 24 June 2023 5148:from the original on 30 June 2019 5081:from the original on 30 June 2019 4914:from the original on 16 July 2024 4343:Schmitt, Rüdiger (20 July 2002). 4138: 2809:Ultimately, Muslim scholars like 2684:Due to its ties to the Christian 2636: 1519:Ahura Mazda, or the "Wise Lord" ( 1140: 1089: 511:(the visible material realm) and 17153:Ethnic groups in the Middle East 17115: 17103: 17091: 17065: 17056: 17055: 16869:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16011:Democratic Republic of the Congo 12037: 11715: 11714: 11225: 11224: 11212: 10354:Zaehner, Robert Charles (1961), 10326:"Introduction to Zoroastrianism" 10256:"Monotheism the Zoroastrian Way" 10215:, vol. 29, Danbury: Grolier 10057: 10045: 10026: 10013: 9985: 9931: 9892: 9853: 9841: 9829: 9660: 9633: 9618: 9603: 9576: 9550: 9533: 9524: 9515: 9491: 9478: 9447: 9417: 9392: 9361: 9330: 9299: 9268: 9238: 9226:from the original on 4 June 2018 9207: 9177: 9146: 9116: 9012:from the original on 13 May 2023 8759: 8733: 8707: 8681: 8645: 8621:Fatah, Lara (26 November 2015). 8614: 8584: 8557: 8526: 8496: 8484:from the original on 5 June 2019 8470:Deena Guzder (9 December 2008). 8463: 8433: 8407: 8329: 8299: 8269: 8243: 8213: 8188: 8158: 8128: 8113: 8056: 8025: 7996: 7984: 7955: 7924: 7894: 7882: 7865: 7834: 7800: 7767: 7737: 7713: 7676: 7649:from the original on 18 May 2023 7631: 7605: 7590: 7560: 7536: 7473: 7434: 7402: 7352: 7322: 7266: 7248: 7232:from the original on 17 May 2023 7213: 7183: 7157: 7133:from the original on 6 June 2020 7115: 7085: 7073:from the original on 20 May 2019 7059: 7033: 7009:from the original on 17 May 2023 6991: 6949: 6919: 6868: 6838: 6826:from the original on 19 May 2023 6808: 6777: 6729:Burger, Michael (January 2013). 6421:"SACRIFICE i. IN ZOROASTRIANISM" 6368:from the original on 2 July 2019 6338:from the original on 17 May 2023 6190:from the original on 18 May 2022 6160:from the original on 21 May 2019 6005:"A Mysterious Stranger in China" 5853:from the original on 17 May 2023 5793:from the original on 29 May 2023 5730:from the original on 17 May 2023 5685:from the original on 17 May 2023 5288:from the original on 17 May 2018 5187:from the original on 26 May 2020 4889:from the original on 17 May 2020 4757:. Mazda Publishers. p. 44. 4702:"Monotheism the Zoroastrian Way" 4673:Parsis in India and the Diaspora 3948:Manichaeism adopted many of the 3871:of Zoroaster on a mountain with 3615: 3351:. Their language is also called 2980: 2966: 2845:and grandson of Islam's prophet 2363: 733: 446:. Many Zoroastrians fled to the 223: 98: 60:add missing citation information 36: 17173:Religion in the Sasanian Empire 15471:Evolutionary origin of religion 10639:Zoroastrianism: An Introduction 10102:Peake's Commentary on the Bible 9866:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. 9460:research.historicengland.org.uk 9166:from the original on 7 May 2022 8895:from the original on 8 May 2023 7806:Roger Rosen, Jeffrey Jay Foxx. 7165:"Zarathustra – Iranian prophet" 6784:Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh (2016). 6747: 6722: 6656: 6626: 6596: 6566: 6536: 6506: 6443: 6380: 6350: 6292: 6262: 6232: 6202: 6172: 6142: 6083: 6053: 6023: 5997: 5967: 5937: 5835: 5805: 5742: 5697: 5633: 5602: 5566: 5539: 5512: 5482: 5440: 5093: 5063: 5005: 4993: 4952: 4926: 4900: 4798: 4783: 4744: 4693: 4594: 4549: 4502:, Routledge, pp. 259–268, 4491: 4461: 4452: 4421: 4390: 4320: 4303: 4278: 4253: 3665:, most notably the boroughs of 3219: 2296:, he further describes how the 2248:(etymologically similar to the 1162:+ Atar / Sraosha / Verethraghna 989: 231:This article contains uncommon 15827:Separation of church and state 14480:Polytheistic reconstructionism 10772:. Edinburgh University Press. 10743:The Chronicle of World History 10435:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. 10388:. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. 10315:Panaino, Antonio C.D. (2019). 10142:, vol. 2, Leiden: Brill, 10091: 9728:Basile, Cam (1 January 2021). 9124:"The last of the Zoroastrians" 8533:K. E. Eduljee (28 June 2008). 8472:"The Last of the Zoroastrians" 8253:. Parsi Khabar. 9 March 2011. 7543:Sala, Joan Cortada I. (1867), 7443:Bulletin of the Asia Institute 7222:"Zoroaster ii. general survey" 6875:Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1979). 6150:"Zoroastrian Rituals: Wedding" 4805:Constance E. Plumptre (2011). 4234:Romey, Kristin (6 July 2024). 4227: 4202: 4193: 4167: 4126: 3929: 3750:("Ahura Mazda") and the Vedic 3347:, not to be confused with the 2763:levied on individuals, called 2197:Iranians and their oppressive 1787:Museum of Oriental Art (Turin) 1686: 1634: 1567:of chaos, which is evident as 1547:". These divine beings called 944: 807:in Abrahamic religions. These 553:), Mazda's direct adversary. 13: 1: 13436:Traditional Sabahan religions 10538:Malandra, William W. (1983). 10509:Kment, Petr (February 2018). 10433:The History of Zoroastrianism 10386:The History of Zoroastrianism 10324:Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2005), 10140:The History of Zoroastrianism 9315:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 9284:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 7724:, Gorgias Press, p. 34, 7220:Malandra, William W. (2009). 6020:. Accessed on 31 August 2016. 4123:, p. 15 with footnote 1. 4019: 4013:Proto-Indo-European mythology 3993:as an angel venerated within 3954:The Encyclopaedia of Religion 3392: 3074:to the Lonavala Agiary, India 2917: 2824: 2584: 2492: 1507:According to the Zoroastrian 1180:+ Tishtriya / Fravashi / Vata 895:fold sharing its origin with 345:). Opposed to Ahura Mazda is 186: 12089: 10685:The Spirit of Zoroastrianism 10580:Moulton, James Hope (1917). 10500:; Couliano, Ioan P. (1991). 10299:. Peeters. pp. 205–225. 10286:Minorities in the Arab World 10189:Bulliet, Richard W. (1979), 4330:. New York: Macmillan, 1968. 4024: 2498:) includes a description of 2157: 1976: 1583:). Ahura Mazda then created 1502: 1491: 1239:) that support Ahura Mazda. 835:has put forth evidence that 784:to suggest a belief system. 589: 7: 15680:National religiosity levels 14905:Nauruan Indigenous religion 14460:Hellenism (modern religion) 10504:. New York: Harper Collins. 10471:Death: An Essay on Finitude 7416:. De Gruyter. p. 166. 4601:Brian Arthur Brown (2016). 4000: 3774:Proto-Indo-Iranian religion 3721:Proto-Indo-Iranian religion 3343:. They call their language 3316:; and other areas close to 2899: 2841:, son of the fourth caliph 2722:Persecution of Zoroastrians 2064:, Ardeshir ordered Tansar, 1959: 1421:water, earth, fire, and air 1258: 1186:+ Rashnu / Arshtat / Zamyad 1133:- who may be the Vedic god 1065:" to counter accusation of 837:Iranians of pre-Islamic era 787: 493:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism 290: 269: 206:Proto-Indo-Iranian religion 10: 17194: 15089: 10656:Russell, James R. (1987). 10469:Dastur, Francoise (1996). 10426:. London: William's Trust. 10310:. Brill. pp. 229–244. 9189:Public Radio International 9034:. 1931. pp. 513–519. 7819:Passport Books, 1992 p. 34 7306:Patrick Karl O'Brien, ed. 7069:. www.zoroastrian.org.uk. 6574:"Festivals i. Zoroastrian" 5427:, Rizzoli, pp. 40–5, 4650:10.1007/s41412-021-00113-4 4575:10.1007/s41412-021-00113-4 4057:10.1093/jaarel/XLVII.4.557 3714: 3619: 3396: 3349:Dari spoken in Afghanistan 3273: 3223: 3101: 2883:With Iranian support, the 2736:Hamza ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib 2719: 2716:Decline in the Middle Ages 2669:aggressively promoted the 2426: 2367: 2358:castle complex of Atashgah 2267: 2161: 2152: 2133:, Selections of Zadspram, 1993: 1980: 1856:In Zoroastrianism, water ( 1690: 1511:, there is one universal, 1495: 1014: 993: 966:stands for the dual deity 948: 914: 600: 521:, which represent various 393:ancient Western philosophy 17051: 16970: 16887: 16759: 16504: 16229: 15946: 15942: 15931: 15840: 15765: 15536: 15444: 15381: 15099: 15095: 15084: 14647: 14634: 14559: 14382: 14364:Transcendental Meditation 14257: 14244: 14209: 13957: 13934: 13923: 13850: 13813: 13515: 13411: 13393: 13337: 13328: 13245: 13173: 13024: 13015: 12973: 12945: 12903: 12836: 12827: 12818: 12784: 12751: 12723: 12714: 12664: 12531: 12218: 12132: 12123: 12114: 12110: 12097: 12032: 11996: 11929: 11881: 11822: 11769: 11712: 11691: 11628: 11572: 11546: 11485: 11371: 11335: 11324: 11280: 11206: 11135: 11092: 11021: 10860: 10727:. Yale University Press. 10702:Schmidt, Francis (1987). 10687:. Yale University Press. 10660:Zoroastrianism in Armenia 10622:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 10490:History of Zoroastrianism 10358:, London: Phoenix Press, 10275:10.1017/S1356186313000333 10197:, Cambridge: Harvard UP, 9944:. BRILL. pp. 63–65. 9905:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 9627:History of Zoroastrianism 8357:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7556:– via Google Libros 7277:. Greenwood. p. 47. 7273:Daniel, Elton L. (2012). 5377:"WOMEN ii. In the Avesta" 3783:, with Zoroastrianism in 3740:historical Vedic religion 3727:historical Vedic religion 3649:) and a further 2,390 of 3570: 3434:— 3156:Middle Persian literature 3097: 2692:, and after the reign of 2178:known is recorded in the 2085:Middle Persian literature 1987: 1842:, and other ritual aids. 1598:, and noxious creatures ( 1591:, the primordial bovine. 1156:+ Mah / Geush Urvan / Ram 1010: 910: 545:Middle Persian literature 436:Muslim conquest of Persia 211: 199: 190: 2nd millennium BCE 182: 171: 161: 151: 139: 129: 119: 97: 92: 15996:Central African Republic 12983:Vietnamese folk religion 12374:Charismatic Christianity 11414:101 Names of Ahura Mazda 10666:Harvard University Press 10242:Geiger, Wilhelm (1885), 10021:Encyclopedia of Religion 9698:The Jewish Encyclopaedia 9614:. Routledge. p. 50. 8976:. 1921. pp. 39–44. 8917:. 1901. pp. 57–62. 7787:Indiana University Press 6634:"AŠƎM VOHŪ (Ashem vohu)" 5560:10.1163/156853010X524325 5344:"CHARITABLE FOUNDATIONS" 4508:10.4324/9781315717708-22 3917: 2857:, the historical fourth 2659:a form of Zoroastrianism 2141:, Dadestan-i-Denig, and 2137:, Epistles of Manucher, 2116:Middle Persian (Pahlavi) 1971:Islamic Republic of Iran 1235:) and the other ahuras ( 811:("good agents") include 466:, and low birth rates. 416:ancient Iranian religion 15890:New religious movements 15523:Theories about religion 15476:Evolutionary psychology 14505:Modern Finnish paganism 12450:Independent Catholicism 11600:Three Persian religions 10246:, Oxford: OUP/H. Frowde 10175:Büchner, V. F. (1934), 9848:Duchesne-Guillemin 1988 9836:Black & Rowley 1982 8829:. 1881. pp. 9–18. 8195:Writer, Rashna (1994). 7683:Frantz, Grenet (2022). 7624:Encyclopædia Britannica 7518:Perseus Digital Library 7485:Perseus Digital Library 7377:10.11588/xarep.00000114 6299:Frantz, Grenet (2022). 6035:Perseus Digital Library 6017:The Wall Street Journal 6010:5 December 2017 at the 5646:Encyclopedia Britannica 5311:"HUMATA HŪXTA HUVARŠTA" 4631:Ferrero, Mario (2021). 4556:Ferrero, Mario (2021). 4533:Sayem, Md. Abu (2011). 4345:"Zoroaster i. The Name" 3849:The Jewish Encyclopedia 3116:Zoroastrianism in India 2467:Tomb of Cyrus the Great 1737:Zoroastrian eschatology 1286:All physical creation ( 974:holy book known as the 355:𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀⸱𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎 17178:Monotheistic religions 16539:Bosnia and Herzegovina 14520:Erzyan native religion 14369:Unitarian Universalism 13748:Native American Church 12494:Oneness Pentecostalism 10213:Encyclopedia Americana 10042: 9690:A. V. Williams Jackson 9454:Tomalin, Emma (2020). 9403:. London: I.B Tauris. 8691:. Rudaw. 2 June 2015. 8281:Amordad6485.blogfa.com 7743:Dr Stephen H Rapp Jr. 7720:Wigram, W. A. (2004), 7228:. Iranica Foundation. 5533:10.1558/jsrnc.v1i4.413 4751:Mehr, Farhang (2003). 4700:HINTZE, ALMUT (2014). 4313:University of Chicago, 3707: 3293: 3251: 3183:families, and others. 3144: 3129: 3075: 2988:Museum of Zoroastrians 2923: 2739: 2650: 2583:, which was completed 2478: 2458: 2457:, 3rd–2nd century BCE. 2455:Greco-Bactrian kingdom 2383: 2352:, Kashmar was part of 2320:Fire Temple of Kashmar 1983:Zoroastrian literature 1853: 1790: 1614:, in articulating the 1411:; albeit Followers of 1329: 1220: 1061:were often framed as " 780:and adding the suffix 678:". In the Zoroastrian 644:with the Avestan word 320:primary religious text 283:𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀 17168:Religion in Kurdistan 16859:Saint Kitts and Nevis 16156:São Tomé and Príncipe 16016:Republic of the Congo 14217:Aboriginal Australian 12846:Chinese folk religion 11988:Shikand-gumanig Vizar 11804:Iranshah Atash Behram 11789:Dadiseth Atash Behram 11704:Fire temples in India 11372:Scripture and worship 11145:Fravardigan (Mukhtad) 10723:Stoyanov, Y. (2000). 10560:Encyclopaedia Iranica 10450:Clark, Peter (1998). 10288:, New York: AMS Press 10181:Encyclopedia of Islam 10160:. London: Routledge. 10123:, London: Routledge, 10069:Encyclopaedia Iranica 10037: 8885:Frazer, R.W. (1897). 8539:Heritageinstitute.com 8228:20 April 2023 at the 8095:Encyclopaedia Iranica 7601:. pp. 17.72.2–6. 7599:Bibliotheca Historica 7572:Encyclopaedia Iranica 7343:10.2143/PERS.16.0.511 7315:21 March 2023 at the 7003:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6961:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6931:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6820:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6704:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6668:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6638:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6608:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6578:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6548:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6518:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6455:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6425:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6392:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6362:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6332:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6274:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6244:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6214:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6184:Encyclopaedia Iranica 6065:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5949:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5847:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5817:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5787:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5724:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5679:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5581:In Defense of Animals 5548:Society & Animals 5452:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5381:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5348:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5315:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5282:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5249:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5216:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5181:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5142:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5138:"ZOROASTRIAN RITUALS" 5105:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5075:Encyclopaedia Iranica 5043:Raffaelli, Enrico G. 4883:Encyclopaedia Iranica 4849:Encyclopaedia Iranica 4403:Encyclopaedia Iranica 4349:Encyclopaedia Iranica 3825:Second Temple Judaism 3705: 3606:2023 Pakistani Census 3323:Communities exist in 3283: 3270:Iran and Central Asia 3237: 3224:Further information: 3135: 3124:A modern Zoroastrian 3123: 3102:Further information: 3069: 2907: 2817:because figures like 2729: 2694:Constantine the Great 2644: 2581:Bibliotheca historica 2464: 2436: 2381: 2107:, which contains the 1848: 1775:Chinese clay figurine 1769: 1762:Practices and rituals 1498:Zoroastrian cosmology 1321: 1203: 426:, beginning with the 342:𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬋 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬃 318:—as set forth in the 16481:United Arab Emirates 15267:Religious experience 14641:Historical religions 13601:Four Mothers Society 13003:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 12335:Schwenkfelder Church 11779:Anjuman Atash Behram 11699:Fire temples in Iran 11486:Accounts and legends 10533:on 10 December 2022. 10431:Boyce, Mary (1991). 10422:Boyce, Mary (1987). 10403:Boyce, Mary (1984). 10156:Boyce, Mary (2001). 10138:Boyce, Mary (1982), 10119:Boyce, Mary (1979), 10105:, New York: Nelson, 9610:Boyce, Mary (2000). 9252:. 2 September 2012. 8669:on 30 September 2017 8447:. 6 September 2006. 8172:. 11 November 2020. 8170:www.timesnownews.com 7815:7 April 2023 at the 7782:7 April 2023 at the 7773:Ronald Grigor Suny. 7752:4 April 2023 at the 7643:Encyclopædia Iranica 7226:Encyclopædia Iranica 7195:Encyclopædia Iranica 5754:Encyclopedia Iranica 5177:"AṦA (Asha "Truth")" 4877:Boyce, Mary (1983), 4326:Masani, Sir Rustom. 3711:Indo-Iranian origins 3643:2021 Canadian census 3318:Zoroaster's homeland 3276:Zoroastrians in Iran 3260:Iranian Zoroastrians 3230:List of Zoroastrians 3112:Zoroastrians in Iran 2401:Young Avestan period 1955:Zoroastrian calendar 1527:meaning "Wisdom" in 1073:). According to the 903:Nature of the divine 670:< Middle Persian 662:< Middle Persian 47:needs more complete 16874:Trinidad and Tobago 16769:Antigua and Barbuda 15937:Religion by country 14993:Cult of Magna Mater 13473:Philippine Dayawism 13054:Nimbarka Sampradaya 12802:Chinese Manichaeism 12474:Jehovah's Witnesses 12279:Proto-Protestantism 12044:Religion portal 11784:Banaji Atash Behram 11573:History and culture 11419:Udvada Atash Behram 11219:Religion portal 10342:on 24 December 2021 9374:www12.statcan.gc.ca 9250:The Express Tribune 9064:. pp. 97–101. 8773:. 23 October 2019. 7933:, pp. 37, 138. 7597:Siculus, Diodorus. 7275:The History of Iran 7262:. Brill. p. 3. 6850:English Zoroastrian 4240:National Geographic 4153:National Geographic 3859:, resurrection and 3819:Abrahamic religions 3647:South Asian descent 3409: 3033:, in particular to 2974:Fire Temple of Yazd 2619:Cappadocian kingdom 2603:Hellenistic beliefs 2569:Alexander the Great 2545:Achaemenid emperors 2543:Darius I and later 2496: 440 BCE 2423:Classical antiquity 2346:Paikuli inscription 2288:Zakariya al-Qazwini 1940:(ritual shirt) and 1889:Indian subcontinent 1822:elements involving 1804:Aredvi Sura Anahita 1523:meaning "Lord" and 1311:not the creator of 1223:In Zoroastrianism, 849:Prods Oktor Skjærvø 799:Zoroastrians treat 448:Indian subcontinent 397:Abrahamic religions 361:dualistic cosmology 212:Number of followers 109:Fire Temple of Yazd 16809:Dominican Republic 15855:Abrahamic prophets 14944:Proto-Indo-Iranian 13446:Aliran Kepercayaan 12649:Non-denominational 12571:Modernist Salafism 12257:Oriental Orthodoxy 11983:Dana-i Menog Khrat 11978:Frahang-i Oim-evak 11973:Frahang-i Pahlavig 11943:Book of Arda Viraf 11814:Wadia Atash Behram 11809:Vakil Atash Behram 11794:Desai Atash Behram 11503:Book of Arda Viraf 11437:Cypress of Kashmar 10768:Zeini, A. (2020). 10567:on 5 December 2017 10034:The Book of Giants 8859:. pp. 87–95. 8800:. pp. 50–54. 8572:on 29 October 2009 8040:. Times of India. 7618:"Persepolis" 7410:Skjaervø, P. Oktor 7103:on 26 October 2020 6134:has generic name ( 5934:, p. 238–240. 5910:, p. 205–208. 5615:The New York Times 4290:www.britannica.com 4265:www.britannica.com 4214:www.britannica.com 4008:Mandaean cosmology 3924:People of the Book 3708: 3598:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 3407: 3298:revolution of 1979 3294: 3252: 3145: 3130: 3076: 3031:great salt deserts 2924: 2819:Qutayba ibn Muslim 2740: 2706:Church of the East 2690:Roman Christianity 2651: 2588: 60 BCE 2571:'s troops invaded 2564:Book of Arda Viraf 2479: 2459: 2445:-style headdress, 2384: 2270:Cypress of Kashmar 2264:Cypress of Kashmar 2222:Legendary accounts 2046:Zand-i Wahman yasn 1854: 1791: 1608:first human couple 1470:Practicing charity 1330: 1221: 574:) and good deeds ( 17158:Religion in India 17148:Iranian religions 17079: 17078: 17047: 17046: 17043: 17042: 16031:Equatorial Guinea 15927: 15926: 15923: 15922: 15461:Cognitive science 15080: 15079: 15013:Mysteries of Isis 14787:Frankish paganism 14630: 14629: 14626: 14625: 14622: 14621: 14374:White Brotherhood 14240: 14239: 14205: 14204: 13606:Keetoowah Society 13507:Sundanese Wiwitan 13324: 13323: 13320: 13319: 13049:Brahma Sampradaya 13011: 13010: 12814: 12813: 12810: 12809: 12792:Assianism/Uatsdin 12710: 12709: 12479:British Israelism 12465:Nontrinitarianism 12428:Plymouth Brethren 12423:Nondenominational 12357:Congregationalism 12245:Eastern Orthodoxy 12193:Reconstructionist 12057: 12056: 11840: 11839: 11832:Yazd Atash Behram 11799:Modi Atash Behram 11728: 11727: 11240: 11239: 10779:978-1-4744-4291-6 10752:978-1-56852-680-5 10734:978-0-300-19014-4 10715:978-3-7186-0367-1 10694:978-0-300-17035-1 10675:978-0-674-96850-9 10648:978-0-85773-548-5 10637:Rose, J. (2014). 10629:978-1-4411-4950-3 10618:Rose, J. (2011). 10610:978-0-933273-45-0 10599:Rose, J. (2000). 10549:978-0-8166-1114-0 10480:978-0-485-11487-4 10473:. A&C Black. 10461:978-1-898723-78-3 10442:978-90-04-09271-6 10414:978-0-226-06930-2 10395:978-90-04-10474-7 10365:978-1-84212-165-8 10235:978-1-78074-308-0 10204:978-0-674-17035-3 10149:978-90-04-06506-2 10130:978-0-415-23903-5 10112:978-0-415-05147-7 10054:, pp. 53–54. 9912:978-0-567-21617-5 9873:978-0-7735-1133-0 9795:Grabbe, Lester L. 9155:"Doomed by faith" 9130:. 6 August 2020. 9070:saoa.crl.28215532 9040:saoa.crl.25793234 8982:saoa.crl.25394121 8953:saoa.crl.25393779 8923:saoa.crl.25352838 8865:saoa.crl.25318666 8835:saoa.crl.25057654 8806:saoa.crl.25057647 8596:Egypt Independent 8377:Rivetna, Roshan. 8206:978-0-8191-9142-7 7243:before Alexander. 7154:, pp. 10–18. 6888:978-0-8028-3783-7 6759:iranicaonline.org 5212:"GĒTĪG AND MĒNŌG" 4965:iranicaonline.org 4764:978-1-56859-110-0 4686:978-1-134-06752-7 4614:978-1-4422-6578-3 4517:978-1-315-71770-8 3912:Northern Buddhism 3659:England and Wales 3651:West Asian origin 3575: 3574: 3088:that of Alexander 2748:Umayyad Caliphate 2730:A scene from the 2702:Battle of Avarayr 2627:fire ever burning 2437:Painted clay and 2415:influence in the 2344:According to the 2034:Ardāy Wirāz Nāmag 1885:Towers of Silence 1348:. Throughout the 1191:Principal beliefs 1055:Islamic Caliphate 640:, which combines 616:. He is known as 608:rendering of the 428:Achaemenid Empire 288: 273:), also known as 267: 239:rendering support 219: 218: 88: 87: 80: 16:(Redirected from 17185: 17163:Religion in Iran 17143:Indian religions 17120: 17119: 17118: 17108: 17107: 17096: 17095: 17087: 17069: 17059: 17058: 16937:Papua New Guinea 16912:Marshall Islands 16739:Northern Ireland 15944: 15943: 15933: 15932: 15817:Secular theology 15812:Secular humanism 15097: 15096: 15086: 15085: 14961:Ancestral Pueblo 14636: 14635: 14255: 14254: 13932: 13931: 13335: 13334: 13091:Shaiva Siddhanta 13022: 13021: 12955:Korean shamanism 12834: 12833: 12825: 12824: 12721: 12720: 12634:Mahdawi movement 12504:Swedenborgianism 12484:Christadelphians 12130: 12129: 12121: 12120: 12112: 12111: 12099: 12098: 12084: 12077: 12070: 12061: 12060: 12042: 12041: 12014:Dasatir-i-Asmani 11963:Letter of Tansar 11953:Dadestan-i Denig 11867: 11860: 11853: 11844: 11843: 11755: 11748: 11741: 11732: 11731: 11718: 11717: 11683:in United States 11424:Adur Burzen-Mihr 11330: 11267: 11260: 11253: 11244: 11243: 11228: 11227: 11217: 11216: 11137:Jashe/Parab days 11122:Zartosht No-Diso 10854:Iranian calendar 10843: 10836: 10829: 10820: 10819: 10801:, Nov. 11, 2004) 10783: 10764: 10738: 10719: 10698: 10679: 10663: 10652: 10633: 10614: 10595: 10576: 10574: 10572: 10563:. Archived from 10553: 10534: 10529:. Archived from 10505: 10493: 10484: 10465: 10446: 10427: 10418: 10399: 10368: 10350: 10349: 10347: 10341: 10335:, archived from 10330: 10320: 10311: 10300: 10289: 10277: 10260: 10247: 10238: 10217:pp. 813–815 10216: 10207: 10196: 10184: 10171: 10152: 10133: 10115: 10085: 10084: 10082: 10080: 10061: 10055: 10049: 10043: 10030: 10024: 10017: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10006: 9989: 9983: 9982:, p. 1, 77. 9977: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9935: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9924: 9896: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9857: 9851: 9845: 9839: 9833: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9791: 9780: 9779: 9759: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9725: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9709: 9682: 9673: 9672: 9664: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9622: 9616: 9615: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9596: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9554: 9548: 9537: 9531: 9528: 9522: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9495: 9489: 9482: 9476: 9475: 9473: 9471: 9451: 9445: 9444: 9442: 9440: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9396: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9349:on 5 August 2020 9345:. Archived from 9334: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9311: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9292: 9280: 9272: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9211: 9205: 9204: 9202: 9200: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9162:, 28 June 2008, 9157: 9150: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9139: 9120: 9114: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9100:. 26 July 2016. 9090: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9028: 9022: 9021: 9019: 9017: 8999: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8911: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8882: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8852: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8841: 8823: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8793: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8668: 8662:. Archived from 8657: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8618: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8598:. 29 July 2012. 8588: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8561: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8500: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8445:Laurie Goodstein 8437: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8415:"Zoroastrianism" 8411: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8394: 8383: 8374: 8363: 8362: 8356: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8322: 8313:. 19 June 2013. 8303: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8247: 8241: 8217: 8211: 8210: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8162: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8132: 8126: 8125: 8117: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8087: 8078: 8072: 8066: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8029: 8023: 8017: 8006: 8000: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7976: 7965: 7959: 7953: 7947: 7934: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7908:. Archived from 7898: 7892: 7886: 7880: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7844: 7838: 7832: 7826: 7820: 7804: 7798: 7771: 7765: 7741: 7735: 7734: 7717: 7711: 7705: 7699: 7698: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7620: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7510: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7393: 7391: 7385: 7370: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7326: 7320: 7304: 7293: 7292: 7270: 7264: 7263: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7239: 7237: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7187: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7127:khorasan.iqna.ir 7119: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7099:. Archived from 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7037: 7031: 7030:, p. 30–31. 7025: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7014: 6995: 6989: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6923: 6917: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6781: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6698:Kellens, Jeana. 6695: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6540: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6510: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6480: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6451:"KHORDEH AVESTĀ" 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6417: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6324: 6315: 6314: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6133: 6129: 6127: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6027: 6021: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5922:, p. 72–73. 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5779: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5756:. 1 March 2010. 5746: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5716: 5707: 5706:, pp. 6–12. 5701: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5671: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5642:"Zoroastrianism" 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5589: 5578: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5418: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5373: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5340: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5307: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5274: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5241: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5208: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5173: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5134: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5040: 5031: 5021: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4874: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4841: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4802: 4796: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4668: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4637:Homo Oeconomicus 4628: 4619: 4618: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4562:Homo Oeconomicus 4553: 4547: 4546: 4530: 4521: 4520: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4473:Oxford Reference 4465: 4459: 4456: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4405:. Vol. IV. 4394: 4388: 4382: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4340: 4331: 4324: 4318: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4175:"Zoroastrianism" 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4145: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4109: 4095: 4086: 4085: 4040: 3973:Iranian language 3963:Present-day Iran 3904:Lester L. Grabbe 3902:Others, such as 3879:, three sons of 3687:Historic England 3610:Karachi division 3423: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3327:, as well as in 3128:in Western India 3043:Mongol Ilkhanate 3006:Book of the Lord 2984: 2970: 2922: 2919: 2870:Arab nationalism 2798:Tower of Silence 2710:Caucasian Iberia 2700:subjects in the 2589: 2586: 2577:Diodorus Siculus 2497: 2494: 2354:Greater Khorasan 2338:Adur Burzen-Mihr 2175:animal sacrifice 2143:Arda Viraf Namag 1964: 1826:methods such as 1754:) and physical ( 1725:Dadestan-i Denig 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1261: 862:Rev. John Wilson 771: 770: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 603: 602: 552: 551: 424:Iranian polities 358: 357: 356: 344: 343: 308:Iranian religion 305: 293: 287:romanized: 286: 284: 272: 262: 260: 227: 191: 188: 102: 90: 89: 83: 76: 72: 69: 63: 40: 39: 32: 21: 17193: 17192: 17188: 17187: 17186: 17184: 17183: 17182: 17128: 17127: 17126: 17116: 17114: 17102: 17090: 17082: 17080: 17075: 17039: 16966: 16947:Solomon Islands 16883: 16755: 16659:North Macedonia 16500: 16225: 15938: 15919: 15880:Mass gatherings 15848: 15843: 15836: 15775: 15770: 15761: 15695:Religiocentrism 15675:National church 15543: 15540: 15532: 15447: 15440: 15377: 15299:Bodies of water 15091: 15076: 14861:Jamaican Maroon 14643: 14618: 14555: 14385: 14378: 14249: 14247: 14236: 14201: 14175:Trinidad Orisha 13960: 13953: 13926: 13919: 13846: 13809: 13795:Washat Dreamers 13518: 13511: 13407: 13389: 13316: 13290:Srilankan Vedda 13241: 13169: 13044:Sri Vaishnavism 13007: 12969: 12941: 12899: 12806: 12780: 12747: 12706: 12660: 12585:Twelver Shi'ism 12527: 12389:Neo-charismatic 12362:Presbyterianism 12214: 12106: 12093: 12088: 12058: 12053: 12036: 12028: 11992: 11925: 11877: 11871: 11841: 11836: 11818: 11765: 11759: 11729: 11724: 11708: 11687: 11624: 11568: 11542: 11513:Story of Sanjan 11481: 11367: 11336:Divine entities 11331: 11322: 11276: 11271: 11241: 11236: 11211: 11202: 11131: 11088: 11017: 10856: 10847: 10791: 10786: 10780: 10753: 10741: 10735: 10716: 10695: 10676: 10649: 10641:. I. B.Tauris. 10630: 10611: 10592: 10570: 10568: 10550: 10481: 10462: 10443: 10415: 10396: 10376: 10374:Further reading 10371: 10366: 10345: 10343: 10339: 10328: 10282:Hourani, Albert 10258: 10236: 10205: 10168: 10150: 10131: 10113: 10094: 10089: 10088: 10078: 10076: 10063: 10062: 10058: 10050: 10046: 10031: 10027: 10018: 10014: 10004: 10002: 9991: 9990: 9986: 9978: 9971: 9961: 9959: 9952: 9936: 9932: 9922: 9920: 9913: 9897: 9893: 9883: 9881: 9874: 9858: 9854: 9846: 9842: 9838:, p. 607b. 9834: 9830: 9820: 9818: 9811: 9792: 9783: 9776: 9760: 9753: 9743: 9741: 9726: 9717: 9707: 9705: 9686:Kaufmann Kohler 9683: 9676: 9665: 9661: 9651: 9649: 9638: 9634: 9623: 9619: 9608: 9604: 9594: 9592: 9581: 9577: 9567: 9565: 9556: 9555: 9551: 9538: 9534: 9529: 9525: 9520: 9516: 9509: 9497: 9496: 9492: 9483: 9479: 9469: 9467: 9452: 9448: 9438: 9436: 9423: 9422: 9418: 9411: 9397: 9393: 9383: 9381: 9366: 9362: 9352: 9350: 9335: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9309: 9305: 9304: 9300: 9290: 9288: 9278: 9274: 9273: 9269: 9259: 9257: 9244: 9243: 9239: 9229: 9227: 9212: 9208: 9198: 9196: 9183: 9182: 9178: 9169: 9167: 9160:The Independent 9152: 9151: 9147: 9137: 9135: 9122: 9121: 9117: 9107: 9105: 9092: 9091: 9084: 9074: 9072: 9058: 9054: 9044: 9042: 9030: 9029: 9025: 9015: 9013: 9000: 8996: 8986: 8984: 8972: 8971: 8967: 8957: 8955: 8941: 8937: 8927: 8925: 8913: 8912: 8908: 8898: 8896: 8883: 8879: 8869: 8867: 8853: 8849: 8839: 8837: 8825: 8824: 8820: 8810: 8808: 8794: 8790: 8780: 8778: 8765: 8764: 8760: 8750: 8748: 8739: 8738: 8734: 8724: 8722: 8717:. Kurdistan24. 8713: 8712: 8708: 8698: 8696: 8687: 8686: 8682: 8672: 8670: 8666: 8655: 8651: 8650: 8646: 8636: 8634: 8619: 8615: 8605: 8603: 8590: 8589: 8585: 8575: 8573: 8562: 8558: 8548: 8546: 8531: 8527: 8517: 8515: 8502: 8501: 8497: 8487: 8485: 8468: 8464: 8454: 8452: 8439: 8438: 8434: 8424: 8422: 8417:. 5 June 2023. 8413: 8412: 8408: 8398: 8396: 8392: 8381: 8375: 8366: 8350: 8349: 8342: 8340: 8335: 8334: 8330: 8320: 8318: 8305: 8304: 8300: 8290: 8288: 8275: 8274: 8270: 8260: 8258: 8249: 8248: 8244: 8230:Wayback Machine 8218: 8214: 8207: 8193: 8189: 8179: 8177: 8164: 8163: 8159: 8149: 8147: 8134: 8133: 8129: 8118: 8114: 8104: 8102: 8089: 8088: 8081: 8073: 8069: 8061: 8057: 8047: 8045: 8030: 8026: 8018: 8009: 8001: 7997: 7989: 7985: 7977: 7968: 7960: 7956: 7952:, pp. 147. 7948: 7937: 7929: 7925: 7915: 7913: 7912:on 13 July 2015 7906:Lib.iium.edu.my 7900: 7899: 7895: 7887: 7883: 7879:, p. 146). 7870: 7866: 7858: 7847: 7839: 7835: 7827: 7823: 7817:Wayback Machine 7805: 7801: 7784:Wayback Machine 7772: 7768: 7754:Wayback Machine 7742: 7738: 7732: 7718: 7714: 7706: 7702: 7695: 7681: 7677: 7669: 7662: 7652: 7650: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7610: 7606: 7595: 7591: 7581: 7579: 7566: 7565: 7561: 7551: 7549: 7541: 7537: 7527: 7525: 7512: 7511: 7504: 7494: 7492: 7479: 7478: 7474: 7439: 7435: 7424: 7407: 7403: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7368: 7360:Witzel, Michael 7357: 7353: 7327: 7323: 7317:Wayback Machine 7305: 7296: 7285: 7271: 7267: 7253: 7249: 7235: 7233: 7218: 7214: 7204: 7202: 7189: 7188: 7184: 7174: 7172: 7163: 7162: 7158: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7121: 7120: 7116: 7106: 7104: 7091: 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7050: 7048: 7039: 7038: 7034: 7026: 7022: 7012: 7010: 6997: 6996: 6992: 6984: 6980: 6970: 6968: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6940: 6938: 6925: 6924: 6920: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6889: 6873: 6869: 6859: 6857: 6844: 6843: 6839: 6829: 6827: 6814: 6813: 6809: 6799: 6797: 6792:. I.B. Tauris. 6782: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6741: 6727: 6723: 6713: 6711: 6696: 6687: 6677: 6675: 6662: 6661: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6557: 6555: 6542: 6541: 6537: 6527: 6525: 6512: 6511: 6507: 6497: 6495: 6482: 6481: 6474: 6464: 6462: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6434: 6432: 6419: 6418: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6371: 6369: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6326: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6297: 6293: 6283: 6281: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6253: 6251: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6221: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6193: 6191: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6148: 6147: 6143: 6131: 6130: 6121: 6120: 6113: 6111: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6059: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6029: 6028: 6024: 6012:Wayback Machine 6002: 5998: 5988: 5986: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5930: 5926: 5918: 5914: 5906: 5902: 5894: 5890: 5882: 5878: 5870: 5866: 5856: 5854: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5781: 5780: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5733: 5731: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5702: 5698: 5688: 5686: 5673: 5672: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5576: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5544: 5540: 5517: 5513: 5503: 5501: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5475: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5419: 5400: 5390: 5388: 5375: 5374: 5367: 5357: 5355: 5342: 5341: 5334: 5324: 5322: 5309: 5308: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5276: 5275: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5243: 5242: 5235: 5225: 5223: 5210: 5209: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5175: 5174: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5136: 5135: 5124: 5114: 5112: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5041: 5034: 5022: 5018: 5014:, p. xlix. 5010: 5006: 4998: 4994: 4990:, p. 1161. 4986: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4957: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4892: 4890: 4875: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4843: 4842: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4803: 4799: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4765: 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4698: 4694: 4687: 4679:. p. 165. 4669: 4658: 4643:(1–4): 77–108. 4629: 4622: 4615: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4568:(1–4): 77–108. 4554: 4550: 4531: 4524: 4518: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4443: 4441: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4395: 4391: 4383: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4341: 4334: 4325: 4321: 4308: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4216: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4147: 4146: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4112: 4096: 4089: 4041: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4003: 3965: 3932: 3920: 3821: 3723: 3713: 3700: 3685:(47). In 2020, 3628: 3618: 3405: 3397:Main articles: 3395: 3379:Iraqi Kurdistan 3278: 3272: 3232: 3222: 3118: 3100: 2998: 2997: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2985: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2920: 2902: 2827: 2724: 2718: 2653:As late as the 2639: 2631:Parthian Empire 2587: 2522:Cyrus the Great 2500:Greater Iranian 2495: 2431: 2425: 2393:Airyanem Vaejah 2376: 2374:Airyanem Vaejah 2366: 2350:Sasanian Empire 2322: 2272: 2266: 2224: 2215:Peganum harmala 2199:class structure 2166: 2160: 2155: 2118: 2066:his high priest 2062:Sassanid Empire 2058:Arsacid dynasty 2002: 1994:Main articles: 1992: 1985: 1979: 1770:An 8th century 1764: 1695: 1689: 1637: 1505: 1500: 1494: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1198: 1196:Tenets of faith 1193: 1143: 1092: 1037:The origins of 1019: 1013: 998: 992: 953: 947: 919: 913: 905: 897:Indian Hinduism 790: 736: 732: 592: 570:), good words ( 432:Sasanian Empire 399:, or gradually 385:Iranian culture 354: 341: 270:Din-e Zartoshti 248: 247: 246: 237:Without proper 228: 215:100,000–200,000 194:Iranian Plateau 192: 189: 124:Ethnic religion 115: 84: 73: 67: 64: 57: 41: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17191: 17181: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17138:Zoroastrianism 17125: 17124: 17112: 17100: 17077: 17076: 17074: 17073: 17063: 17052: 17049: 17048: 17045: 17044: 17041: 17040: 17038: 17037: 17032: 17027: 17022: 17017: 17012: 17007: 17002: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16982: 16976: 16974: 16968: 16967: 16965: 16964: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16914: 16909: 16904: 16899: 16893: 16891: 16885: 16884: 16882: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16791: 16786: 16781: 16776: 16771: 16765: 16763: 16757: 16756: 16754: 16753: 16752: 16751: 16746: 16741: 16736: 16729:United Kingdom 16726: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16681: 16676: 16671: 16666: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16510: 16508: 16502: 16501: 16499: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16463: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16378: 16373: 16368: 16363: 16358: 16357: 16356: 16351: 16341: 16336: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16311: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16241: 16235: 16233: 16227: 16226: 16224: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16173: 16168: 16163: 16158: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15952: 15950: 15940: 15939: 15929: 15928: 15925: 15924: 15921: 15920: 15918: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15851: 15849: 15841: 15838: 15837: 15835: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15822:Secularization 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15802:Deconstruction 15799: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15778: 15776: 15766: 15763: 15762: 15760: 15759: 15754: 15753: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15650:Fundamentalism 15647: 15646: 15645: 15640: 15635: 15630: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15605: 15604: 15603: 15598: 15593: 15583: 15582: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15557: 15552: 15546: 15544: 15537: 15534: 15533: 15531: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15514: 15513: 15503: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15452: 15450: 15442: 15441: 15439: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15387: 15385: 15379: 15378: 15376: 15375: 15374: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 15328: 15323: 15318: 15317: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15291: 15290: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15223: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15187: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15128: 15126:Call to prayer 15123: 15118: 15113: 15111:Disaffiliation 15103: 15101: 15093: 15092: 15082: 15081: 15078: 15077: 15075: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15038: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15017: 15016: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14985: 14980: 14979: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14958: 14957: 14956: 14951: 14941: 14940: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14914: 14909: 14908: 14907: 14897: 14896: 14895: 14890: 14880: 14875: 14874: 14873: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14827: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14809:Greco-Buddhism 14806: 14796: 14795: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14769: 14764: 14763: 14762: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14741: 14740: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14719: 14718: 14713: 14703: 14698: 14697: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14660: 14659: 14648: 14645: 14644: 14632: 14631: 14628: 14627: 14624: 14623: 14620: 14619: 14617: 14616: 14615: 14614: 14604: 14599: 14594: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14569: 14563: 14561: 14557: 14556: 14554: 14553: 14552: 14551: 14539: 14534: 14533: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14451: 14450: 14440: 14439: 14438: 14433: 14423: 14422: 14421: 14416: 14406: 14401: 14400: 14399: 14390: 14388: 14380: 14379: 14377: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14360: 14359: 14354: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14323: 14322: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14261: 14259: 14252: 14242: 14241: 14238: 14237: 14235: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14213: 14211: 14207: 14206: 14203: 14202: 14200: 14199: 14198: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14170:Tambor de Mina 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14126: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14096: 14095: 14094: 14093: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13997: 13996: 13991: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13965: 13963: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13949: 13947:Guanche church 13938: 13936: 13929: 13921: 13920: 13918: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13862: 13856: 13854: 13852:Tibeto-Burmese 13848: 13847: 13845: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13823: 13821: 13811: 13810: 13808: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13781: 13780: 13775: 13765: 13760: 13758:Nuu-chah-nulth 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13739: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13702: 13701: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13680: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13667:Muscogee Creek 13664: 13659: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13609: 13608: 13603: 13593: 13592: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13566: 13561: 13556: 13555: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13534: 13529: 13523: 13521: 13513: 13512: 13510: 13509: 13504: 13502:Sumbese Marapu 13499: 13498: 13497: 13492: 13482: 13481: 13480: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13454: 13453: 13448: 13440: 13439: 13438: 13433: 13423: 13421:Batak Parmalim 13417: 13415: 13409: 13408: 13406: 13405: 13399: 13397: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13387: 13386: 13385: 13380: 13370: 13369: 13368: 13363: 13358: 13343: 13341: 13332: 13326: 13325: 13322: 13321: 13318: 13317: 13315: 13314: 13313: 13312: 13307: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13276: 13275: 13270: 13260: 13255: 13249: 13247: 13243: 13242: 13240: 13239: 13232: 13227: 13226: 13225: 13215: 13214: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13185: 13179: 13177: 13171: 13170: 13168: 13167: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13129: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13083: 13082: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13030: 13028: 13019: 13013: 13012: 13009: 13008: 13006: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12979: 12977: 12971: 12970: 12968: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12951: 12949: 12943: 12942: 12940: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12923: 12922: 12909: 12907: 12901: 12900: 12898: 12897: 12896: 12895: 12890: 12880: 12879: 12878: 12873: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12842: 12840: 12831: 12822: 12816: 12815: 12812: 12811: 12808: 12807: 12805: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12788: 12786: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12757: 12755: 12749: 12748: 12746: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12733:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 12729: 12727: 12718: 12712: 12711: 12708: 12707: 12705: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12668: 12666: 12662: 12661: 12659: 12658: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12620: 12619: 12609: 12604: 12603: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12577: 12576: 12575: 12574: 12573: 12568: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12537: 12535: 12529: 12528: 12526: 12525: 12518: 12517: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12470:Bible Students 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12440:Restorationism 12437: 12436: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12419: 12418: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12396:Evangelicalism 12393: 12392: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12371: 12370: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12338: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12307: 12297: 12296: 12295: 12290: 12276: 12275: 12274: 12269: 12259: 12254: 12253: 12252: 12242: 12241: 12240: 12235: 12224: 12222: 12216: 12215: 12213: 12212: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12169: 12168: 12167: 12166: 12156: 12155: 12154: 12138: 12136: 12127: 12118: 12108: 12107: 12095: 12094: 12087: 12086: 12079: 12072: 12064: 12055: 12054: 12052: 12051: 12046: 12033: 12030: 12029: 12027: 12026: 12024:Qissa-i Sanjan 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12000: 11998: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11939: 11937: 11931:Middle Persian 11927: 11926: 11924: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11891:Khordeh Avesta 11887: 11885: 11879: 11878: 11870: 11869: 11862: 11855: 11847: 11838: 11837: 11835: 11834: 11828: 11826: 11820: 11819: 11817: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11775: 11773: 11767: 11766: 11758: 11757: 11750: 11743: 11735: 11726: 11725: 11713: 11710: 11709: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11695: 11693: 11689: 11688: 11686: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11664: 11663: 11658: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11632: 11630: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11576: 11574: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11550: 11548: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11518:Chinvat Bridge 11515: 11510: 11508:Book of Jamasp 11505: 11500: 11495: 11489: 11487: 11483: 11482: 11480: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11462:Khordeh Avesta 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11404:Airyaman ishya 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11375: 11373: 11369: 11368: 11366: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11343:Amesha Spentas 11339: 11337: 11333: 11332: 11325: 11323: 11321: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11284: 11282: 11281:Primary topics 11278: 11277: 11274:Zoroastrianism 11270: 11269: 11262: 11255: 11247: 11238: 11237: 11235: 11234: 11222: 11207: 11204: 11203: 11201: 11200: 11198:Sepandarmazgan 11195: 11190: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11150:Ardibeheshtgan 11147: 11141: 11139: 11133: 11132: 11130: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11098: 11096: 11090: 11089: 11087: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11025: 11023: 11019: 11018: 11016: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10864: 10862: 10858: 10857: 10846: 10845: 10838: 10831: 10823: 10817: 10816: 10810:Zoroastrianism 10807: 10802: 10795:Zoroastrianism 10790: 10789:External links 10787: 10785: 10784: 10778: 10765: 10751: 10739: 10733: 10720: 10714: 10699: 10693: 10680: 10674: 10653: 10647: 10634: 10628: 10615: 10609: 10596: 10590: 10577: 10554: 10548: 10535: 10506: 10498:Eliade, Mircea 10494: 10485: 10479: 10466: 10460: 10447: 10441: 10428: 10419: 10413: 10400: 10394: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10369: 10364: 10351: 10321: 10312: 10301: 10290: 10278: 10248: 10239: 10234: 10222:Foltz, Richard 10218: 10208: 10203: 10186: 10172: 10167:978-0415239028 10166: 10153: 10148: 10135: 10129: 10116: 10111: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10087: 10086: 10056: 10044: 10025: 10012: 9993:"Ahl al-Kitāb" 9984: 9969: 9950: 9930: 9911: 9891: 9872: 9852: 9850:, p. 815. 9840: 9828: 9809: 9781: 9774: 9751: 9715: 9674: 9659: 9632: 9617: 9602: 9575: 9549: 9532: 9523: 9514: 9507: 9490: 9488:, p. 202. 9477: 9446: 9429:www.ons.gov.uk 9416: 9409: 9391: 9360: 9329: 9298: 9267: 9237: 9206: 9176: 9145: 9115: 9082: 9052: 9023: 8994: 8965: 8935: 8906: 8877: 8847: 8818: 8788: 8758: 8732: 8706: 8680: 8644: 8627:Projects21.org 8613: 8583: 8556: 8525: 8495: 8462: 8432: 8406: 8364: 8328: 8298: 8268: 8242: 8212: 8205: 8187: 8157: 8127: 8112: 8079: 8067: 8065:, p. 175. 8055: 8024: 8022:, p. 157. 8007: 8005:, p. 163. 7995: 7993:, p. 152. 7983: 7981:, p. 151. 7966: 7954: 7935: 7923: 7893: 7891:, p. 158. 7881: 7864: 7862:, p. 146. 7845: 7843:, p. 150. 7833: 7821: 7799: 7766: 7736: 7731:978-1593331030 7730: 7712: 7700: 7694:978-8412527858 7693: 7675: 7660: 7630: 7615:, ed. (1911). 7613:Chisholm, Hugh 7604: 7589: 7559: 7535: 7502: 7472: 7451:Asia Institute 7433: 7422: 7401: 7351: 7321: 7294: 7284:978-0313375095 7283: 7265: 7247: 7212: 7182: 7156: 7144: 7114: 7084: 7058: 7032: 7020: 6990: 6978: 6948: 6918: 6906: 6887: 6867: 6837: 6807: 6776: 6746: 6739: 6721: 6685: 6655: 6625: 6604:"YEŊ́HĒ HĀTĄM" 6595: 6565: 6535: 6505: 6472: 6442: 6409: 6379: 6349: 6316: 6310:978-8412527858 6309: 6291: 6261: 6231: 6201: 6171: 6141: 6082: 6052: 6022: 5996: 5966: 5936: 5924: 5912: 5900: 5888: 5876: 5864: 5834: 5813:"FRAŠŌ.KƎRƎTI" 5804: 5771: 5741: 5720:"AMƎŠA SPƎNTA" 5708: 5696: 5663: 5632: 5601: 5565: 5538: 5527:(4): 413–430. 5511: 5481: 5479:, p. 205. 5469: 5439: 5434:978-0847802869 5433: 5398: 5365: 5332: 5299: 5266: 5233: 5198: 5159: 5122: 5092: 5062: 5032: 5016: 5004: 5002:, p. xxi. 4992: 4977: 4951: 4925: 4899: 4866: 4831: 4817: 4797: 4782: 4763: 4743: 4692: 4685: 4656: 4620: 4613: 4593: 4591:, p. xiv. 4581: 4548: 4522: 4516: 4490: 4460: 4451: 4420: 4389: 4366: 4332: 4319: 4302: 4277: 4252: 4226: 4201: 4192: 4166: 4137: 4125: 4110: 4104:), and Wrath ( 4087: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4015: 4010: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3964: 3961: 3940:Middle-Eastern 3931: 3928: 3926:" by Muslims. 3919: 3916: 3861:final judgment 3820: 3817: 3813:Hvare-khshaeta 3766:("demon") and 3712: 3709: 3699: 3696: 3655:2021 UK census 3617: 3614: 3596:) followed by 3573: 3572: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3394: 3391: 3274:Main article: 3271: 3268: 3221: 3218: 3099: 3096: 3092:demon of Wrath 2986: 2979: 2978: 2972: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2953:Pahlavi script 2949:Middle Persian 2901: 2898: 2826: 2823: 2717: 2714: 2645:A Zoroastrian 2638: 2637:Late antiquity 2635: 2510:Achaemenid era 2424: 2421: 2370:Avestan period 2365: 2362: 2321: 2318: 2284:King Vishtaspa 2268:Main article: 2265: 2262: 2223: 2220: 2203:hallucinogenic 2162:Main article: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2117: 2114: 2105:Khordeh Avesta 1991: 1986: 1978: 1975: 1925:Khordeh Avesta 1832:fortified wine 1763: 1760: 1699:Chinvat Bridge 1691:Main article: 1688: 1685: 1636: 1633: 1629:Kshatra Vairya 1549:Amesha Spentas 1504: 1501: 1496:Main article: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1476: 1473: 1467: 1369:predestination 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1181: 1175: 1172:Spenta Armaiti 1169: 1166:Kshatra Vairya 1163: 1157: 1142: 1141:Amesha Spentas 1139: 1138: 1137: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1113: 1107: 1098: 1091: 1090:Notable Yazata 1088: 1015:Main article: 1012: 1009: 1003:, also called 994:Main article: 991: 988: 949:Main article: 946: 943: 915:Main article: 912: 909: 904: 901: 789: 786: 776:from the name 724:Religio Medici 591: 588: 547:into Ahriman ( 518:Amesha Spentas 420:Avestan period 251:Zoroastrianism 241:, you may see 229: 222: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 203: 201:Separated from 197: 196: 184: 180: 179: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 143: 137: 136: 131: 130:Classification 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 103: 95: 94: 93:Zoroastrianism 86: 85: 44: 42: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17190: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17135: 17133: 17123: 17113: 17111: 17106: 17101: 17099: 17094: 17089: 17088: 17085: 17072: 17068: 17064: 17062: 17054: 17053: 17050: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16977: 16975: 16973: 16972:South America 16969: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16894: 16892: 16890: 16886: 16880: 16879:United States 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16775: 16772: 16770: 16767: 16766: 16764: 16762: 16761:North America 16758: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16731: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16680: 16677: 16675: 16672: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16619:Liechtenstein 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16511: 16509: 16507: 16503: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16382: 16379: 16377: 16374: 16372: 16369: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16346: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16262: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16236: 16234: 16232: 16228: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16071:Guinea-Bissau 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15953: 15951: 15949: 15945: 15941: 15934: 15930: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15895:Organizations 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15839: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15769: 15764: 15758: 15755: 15751: 15748: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15732: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15720:Vegetarianism 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15665:Homosexuality 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15625: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15588: 15587: 15584: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15566: 15565: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15535: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15512: 15509: 15508: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15486:Neurotheology 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15453: 15451: 15449: 15443: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15388: 15386: 15384: 15380: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15358: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15296: 15295: 15292: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15274: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15207: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15180:Folk religion 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15108: 15105: 15104: 15102: 15098: 15094: 15087: 15083: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15022: 15021: 15018: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15003:Imperial cult 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14990: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14963: 14962: 14959: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14946: 14945: 14942: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14919: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14906: 14903: 14902: 14901: 14898: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14885: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14872: 14869: 14868: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14801: 14800: 14797: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14774: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14761: 14758: 14757: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14708: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14681: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14658: 14655: 14654: 14653: 14650: 14649: 14646: 14642: 14637: 14633: 14613: 14610: 14609: 14608: 14605: 14603: 14600: 14598: 14595: 14593: 14590: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14573: 14572:Discordianism 14570: 14568: 14567:Anthroposophy 14565: 14564: 14562: 14558: 14550: 14549: 14545: 14544: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14515:Mari religion 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14497: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14449: 14446: 14445: 14444: 14441: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14428: 14427: 14424: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14398: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14391: 14389: 14387: 14381: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14352:Neo-Theosophy 14350: 14349: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14321: 14318: 14317: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14290:New Acropolis 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14262: 14260: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14243: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14208: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14110: 14109: 14106: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14098: 14097: 14092: 14089: 14088: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13986: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13966: 13964: 13962: 13956: 13948: 13945: 13944: 13943: 13940: 13939: 13937: 13935:North African 13933: 13930: 13928: 13922: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13853: 13849: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13824: 13822: 13820: 13816: 13812: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13770: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13718: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13700: 13697: 13696: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13689:Kwakwakaʼwakw 13687: 13685: 13682: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13654: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13598: 13597: 13594: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13571: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13539: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13524: 13522: 13520: 13514: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13487: 13486: 13483: 13479: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13443: 13441: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13428: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13418: 13416: 13414: 13410: 13404: 13401: 13400: 13398: 13396: 13395:Austroasiatic 13392: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13375: 13374: 13371: 13367: 13366:Vattisen Yaly 13364: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13353: 13352: 13348: 13345: 13344: 13342: 13340: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13327: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13302: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13285:Kirat Mundhum 13283: 13281: 13278: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13265: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13250: 13248: 13244: 13238: 13237: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13224: 13221: 13220: 13219: 13216: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13198: 13194: 13191: 13190: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13180: 13178: 13176: 13172: 13166: 13165: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13088: 13087: 13084: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13036: 13035: 13032: 13031: 13029: 13027: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13014: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12980: 12978: 12976: 12972: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12952: 12950: 12948: 12944: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12921: 12920: 12916: 12915: 12914: 12911: 12910: 12908: 12906: 12902: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12885: 12884: 12881: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12868: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12839: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12817: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12789: 12787: 12783: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12758: 12756: 12754: 12750: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12730: 12728: 12726: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12713: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12663: 12657: 12656: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12644:Milah Abraham 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12581: 12578: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12563: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12543: 12542: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12534: 12530: 12524: 12523: 12519: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12471: 12468: 12467: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12417: 12414: 12413: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12376: 12375: 12372: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12354: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12312: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12302: 12301: 12300:Protestantism 12298: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12285: 12282: 12281: 12280: 12277: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12264: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12251: 12248: 12247: 12246: 12243: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12229: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12217: 12211: 12210: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12160: 12157: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12148: 12145: 12144: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12137: 12135: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12113: 12109: 12105: 12100: 12096: 12092: 12085: 12080: 12078: 12073: 12071: 12066: 12065: 12062: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12034: 12031: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12001: 11999: 11995: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11958:Menog-i Khrad 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11936: 11932: 11928: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11884: 11880: 11875: 11868: 11863: 11861: 11856: 11854: 11849: 11848: 11845: 11833: 11830: 11829: 11827: 11825: 11821: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11776: 11774: 11772: 11768: 11763: 11756: 11751: 11749: 11744: 11742: 11737: 11736: 11733: 11723: 11722: 11711: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11696: 11694: 11690: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11653: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11646:in Azerbaijan 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11633: 11631: 11627: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11571: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11545: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11490: 11488: 11484: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11432:Adur Gushnasp 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11374: 11370: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11340: 11338: 11334: 11329: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11279: 11275: 11268: 11263: 11261: 11256: 11254: 11249: 11248: 11245: 11233: 11232: 11223: 11221: 11220: 11215: 11209: 11208: 11205: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11142: 11140: 11138: 11134: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11099: 11097: 11095: 11091: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11026: 11024: 11020: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10844: 10839: 10837: 10832: 10830: 10825: 10824: 10821: 10815: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10800: 10796: 10793: 10792: 10781: 10775: 10771: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10748: 10744: 10740: 10736: 10730: 10726: 10721: 10717: 10711: 10707: 10706: 10700: 10696: 10690: 10686: 10681: 10677: 10671: 10667: 10662: 10661: 10654: 10650: 10644: 10640: 10635: 10631: 10625: 10621: 10616: 10612: 10606: 10602: 10597: 10593: 10591:1-564-59612-5 10587: 10583: 10578: 10566: 10562: 10561: 10555: 10551: 10545: 10541: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10512: 10507: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10491: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10472: 10467: 10463: 10457: 10453: 10448: 10444: 10438: 10434: 10429: 10425: 10420: 10416: 10410: 10406: 10401: 10397: 10391: 10387: 10383: 10379: 10378: 10367: 10361: 10357: 10352: 10338: 10334: 10327: 10322: 10318: 10313: 10309: 10308: 10302: 10298: 10297: 10291: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10276: 10272: 10269:(2): 225–49, 10268: 10264: 10257: 10253: 10252:Hintze, Almut 10249: 10245: 10240: 10237: 10231: 10227: 10223: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10206: 10200: 10195: 10194: 10187: 10182: 10178: 10173: 10169: 10163: 10159: 10154: 10151: 10145: 10141: 10136: 10132: 10126: 10122: 10117: 10114: 10108: 10104: 10103: 10097: 10096: 10074: 10070: 10066: 10060: 10053: 10048: 10041: 10035: 10029: 10022: 10016: 10001:. 2 June 2016 10000: 9999: 9994: 9988: 9981: 9976: 9974: 9957: 9953: 9951:9789004118935 9947: 9943: 9942: 9934: 9918: 9914: 9908: 9904: 9903: 9895: 9879: 9875: 9869: 9865: 9864: 9856: 9849: 9844: 9837: 9832: 9816: 9812: 9810:9780567216175 9806: 9802: 9801: 9796: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9777: 9775:9780773511330 9771: 9767: 9766: 9758: 9756: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9724: 9722: 9720: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9681: 9679: 9670: 9667:Kuehn, Sara. 9663: 9647: 9643: 9636: 9628: 9621: 9613: 9606: 9590: 9586: 9579: 9563: 9559: 9553: 9546: 9545:963-05-7542-6 9542: 9536: 9527: 9518: 9510: 9508:9781444331356 9504: 9500: 9494: 9487: 9481: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9450: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9420: 9412: 9410:9781784536336 9406: 9402: 9395: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9364: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9333: 9317: 9316: 9308: 9302: 9286: 9285: 9277: 9271: 9255: 9251: 9247: 9241: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9210: 9194: 9190: 9186: 9180: 9165: 9161: 9156: 9149: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9119: 9103: 9099: 9095: 9089: 9087: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9056: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9027: 9011: 9007: 9006: 8998: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8969: 8954: 8950: 8946: 8939: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8910: 8894: 8890: 8889: 8888:British India 8881: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8851: 8836: 8832: 8828: 8822: 8807: 8803: 8799: 8792: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8720: 8716: 8710: 8694: 8690: 8684: 8665: 8661: 8654: 8648: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8617: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8587: 8571: 8567: 8560: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8529: 8513: 8509: 8508:The Economist 8505: 8499: 8483: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8466: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8420: 8416: 8410: 8391: 8387: 8380: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8360: 8354: 8338: 8332: 8316: 8312: 8311:Parsinews.net 8308: 8302: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8256: 8252: 8246: 8239: 8235: 8232:Brill, 2011, 8231: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8216: 8208: 8202: 8198: 8191: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8161: 8145: 8141: 8137: 8131: 8123: 8116: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8086: 8084: 8076: 8071: 8064: 8059: 8043: 8039: 8038:21 March 2004 8035: 8028: 8021: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8004: 7999: 7992: 7987: 7980: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7964:, p. 59. 7963: 7958: 7951: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7932: 7927: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7897: 7890: 7885: 7878: 7874: 7868: 7861: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7842: 7837: 7831:, p. 87. 7830: 7825: 7818: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7803: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7770: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7751: 7748: 7747: 7740: 7733: 7727: 7723: 7716: 7710:, p. 84. 7709: 7704: 7696: 7690: 7686: 7679: 7673:, p. 85. 7672: 7667: 7665: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7634: 7626: 7625: 7619: 7614: 7608: 7600: 7593: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7563: 7548: 7547: 7539: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7507: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7437: 7430: 7425: 7423:9783110144475 7419: 7415: 7411: 7405: 7398: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7367: 7366: 7361: 7355: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7325: 7318: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7291: 7286: 7280: 7276: 7269: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7244: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7216: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7186: 7170: 7166: 7160: 7153: 7148: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7118: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7088: 7072: 7068: 7062: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7029: 7024: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6994: 6988:, p. 19. 6987: 6982: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6952: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6922: 6916:, p. 26. 6915: 6910: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6880: 6879: 6871: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6811: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6780: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6750: 6742: 6740:9781442601901 6736: 6732: 6725: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6629: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6599: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6539: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6509: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6446: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6416: 6414: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6353: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6321: 6312: 6306: 6302: 6295: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6235: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6137: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6086: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6019: 6018: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6000: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5945:"ČINWAD PUHL" 5940: 5933: 5928: 5921: 5916: 5909: 5904: 5898:, p. 85. 5897: 5892: 5885: 5880: 5874:, p. 58. 5873: 5868: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5838: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5808: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5713: 5705: 5700: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5668: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5636: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5586: 5582: 5575: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5554:(4): 367–78. 5553: 5549: 5542: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5478: 5473: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5436: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5372: 5370: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5339: 5337: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5271: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5238: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5013: 5008: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4984: 4982: 4966: 4962: 4955: 4939: 4935: 4929: 4913: 4909: 4908:"Ahura Mazdā" 4903: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4879:"Ahura Mazdā" 4873: 4871: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4820: 4818:9781108028011 4814: 4810: 4809: 4801: 4794: 4793: 4786: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4747: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4712:(2): 225–49. 4711: 4707: 4703: 4696: 4688: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4625: 4616: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4527: 4519: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4455: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4386: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4337: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4306: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4196: 4181:. 5 June 2023 4180: 4176: 4170: 4155:. 6 July 2024 4154: 4150: 4144: 4142: 4134: 4129: 4122: 4117: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4092: 4084: 4081: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4051:(4): 557–88. 4050: 4046: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4030: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4005: 3998: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3851: 3850: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3834: 3831:According to 3829: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3789:Kushan Empire 3786: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3722: 3718: 3717:Indo-Iranians 3704: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3631:North America 3627: 3623: 3616:Western world 3613: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3584: 3580: 3569: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3420: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3404: 3403:Irani (India) 3400: 3390: 3389:in the area. 3388: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3256:Indian Parsis 3249: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3213: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108:Irani (India) 3105: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3025: 3024: 3023:Book of Kings 3019: 3015: 3011: 3010:Khwaday Namag 3007: 3003: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2975: 2969: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2944: 2942: 2939:attendee two 2937: 2933: 2930:(present-day 2929: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2815:Khawarizmians 2812: 2807: 2805: 2804: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2648: 2643: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2538:despotic rule 2535: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2506:The Histories 2503: 2501: 2490: 2489: 2488:The Histories 2484: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2447:Takhti-Sangin 2444: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2364:Early history 2361: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2348:, during the 2347: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2302:Al-Mutawakkil 2299: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2236:Amesha Spenta 2233: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2165: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131:Menog-i Khrad 2128: 2124: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2014:Pahlavi texts 2011: 2007: 2001: 1997: 1990: 1984: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1860: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1828:spirit travel 1825: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1768: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1694: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647:(Pahlavi for 1646: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:Spenta Mainyu 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:creator deity 1514: 1510: 1509:creation myth 1499: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1413:Ilm-e-Kshnoom 1410: 1409:reincarnation 1405: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1367:. Similarly, 1366: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1328:Wedding, 1905 1327: 1326: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1260: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1233:Amesha Spenta 1230: 1226: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1160:Asha Vahishta 1158: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1018: 1008: 1006: 1002: 997: 987: 985: 979: 977: 973: 969: 968:Mitrāˊ-Váruṇā 965: 961: 960:creator deity 957: 952: 942: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 918: 908: 900: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 878: 873: 871: 867: 863: 858: 855: 852: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 833:Richard Foltz 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 785: 783: 779: 775: 769: 730: 726: 725: 720: 719:Thomas Browne 715: 713: 712: 707: 706: 701: 700: 695: 691: 687: 686: 681: 677: 674:< Avestan 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 597: 587: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 560: 554: 546: 542: 541: 536: 535: 530: 529: 528:Spenta Mainyu 524: 520: 519: 514: 510: 506: 505: 500: 499: 494: 490: 486: 485: 480: 476: 472: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 444:early Muslims 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 365:good and evil 362: 350: 349: 338: 334: 333: 328: 326: 321: 317: 313: 309: 301: 297: 292: 280: 276: 271: 265: 256: 252: 244: 240: 236: 234: 226: 214: 210: 207: 204: 202: 198: 195: 185: 181: 178:(traditional) 177: 174: 170: 167: 164: 160: 157: 154: 150: 147: 144: 142: 138: 135: 132: 128: 125: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 101: 96: 91: 82: 79: 71: 61: 55: 54: 50: 45:This article 43: 34: 33: 30: 19: 16476:Turkmenistan 16436:Saudi Arabia 16181:South Africa 16171:Sierra Leone 15976:Burkina Faso 15885:Names of God 15832:Unaffiliated 15787:Antireligion 15643:Universalism 15591:Assimilation 15456:Anthropology 15331:Supernatural 15326:Spirituality 15294:Sacred space 15282:Purification 15155:Denomination 15109: / 14917:Paleo-Balkan 14883:Mesopotamian 14723:Cook Islands 14694:Old Prussian 14607:UFO religion 14546: 14542:Zalmoxianism 14470:Neoshamanism 14327:Spiritualism 14210:Other ethnic 14099: 13925:Traditional 13885:Bongthingism 13773:Acoma Pueblo 13716:Mesoamerican 13413:Austronesian 13234: 13230:Neo-Buddhism 13162: 13158:Neo-Hinduism 13079:Swaminarayan 12917: 12866:Salvationist 12851:Confucianism 12702:Samaritanism 12672:Ali-Illahism 12653: 12520: 12514:Unitarianism 12455:Old Catholic 12262:Nestorianism 12220:Christianity 12207: 12173:Conservative 12019:The Rivayats 12009:Jamasp Namag 11764:fire temples 11762:Atash Behram 11719: 11523:Frashokereti 11477:Atash Behram 11467:The Revayats 11428:Adur Farnbag 11409:Fire Temples 11399:Yenghe hatam 11394:Ahuna Vairya 11363:Angra Mainyu 11273: 11229: 11210: 11170:Shahrivargan 10938:Dae-Pa-Meher 10798: 10769: 10742: 10724: 10704: 10684: 10659: 10638: 10619: 10600: 10581: 10571:17 September 10569:. Retrieved 10565:the original 10559: 10539: 10531:the original 10518: 10514: 10501: 10489: 10470: 10451: 10432: 10423: 10404: 10385: 10355: 10344:, retrieved 10337:the original 10332: 10316: 10306: 10295: 10285: 10266: 10262: 10243: 10225: 10212: 10192: 10180: 10157: 10139: 10120: 10101: 10077:. Retrieved 10068: 10059: 10052:Zaehner 1961 10047: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10020: 10015: 10003:. Retrieved 9996: 9987: 9960:. Retrieved 9940: 9933: 9921:. Retrieved 9901: 9894: 9882:. Retrieved 9862: 9855: 9843: 9831: 9819:. Retrieved 9799: 9764: 9742:. Retrieved 9733: 9706:. Retrieved 9697: 9662: 9650:. Retrieved 9635: 9626: 9620: 9611: 9605: 9593:. Retrieved 9578: 9566:. Retrieved 9552: 9535: 9526: 9517: 9498: 9493: 9480: 9468:. Retrieved 9459: 9449: 9437:. Retrieved 9428: 9419: 9400: 9394: 9382:. Retrieved 9373: 9363: 9351:. Retrieved 9347:the original 9343:NIAC inSight 9342: 9332: 9320:. Retrieved 9313: 9301: 9289:. Retrieved 9282: 9270: 9260:12 September 9258:. Retrieved 9249: 9240: 9230:12 September 9228:. Retrieved 9219: 9209: 9197:. Retrieved 9188: 9179: 9168:, retrieved 9159: 9148: 9136:. Retrieved 9128:the Guardian 9127: 9118: 9106:. Retrieved 9097: 9073:. Retrieved 9055: 9043:. Retrieved 9026: 9014:. Retrieved 9004: 8997: 8985:. Retrieved 8968: 8956:. Retrieved 8938: 8926:. Retrieved 8909: 8897:. Retrieved 8887: 8880: 8868:. Retrieved 8850: 8838:. Retrieved 8821: 8809:. Retrieved 8791: 8779:. Retrieved 8770: 8761: 8751:18 September 8749:. Retrieved 8735: 8723:. Retrieved 8709: 8697:. Retrieved 8683: 8671:. Retrieved 8664:the original 8659: 8647: 8635:. Retrieved 8626: 8616: 8604:. Retrieved 8595: 8586: 8574:. Retrieved 8570:the original 8559: 8547:. Retrieved 8538: 8528: 8516:. Retrieved 8507: 8498: 8488:25 September 8486:. Retrieved 8475: 8465: 8455:25 September 8453:. Retrieved 8444: 8435: 8423:. Retrieved 8409: 8397:. Retrieved 8385: 8341:. Retrieved 8331: 8319:. Retrieved 8310: 8301: 8289:. Retrieved 8280: 8271: 8259:. Retrieved 8245: 8221: 8215: 8196: 8190: 8178:. Retrieved 8169: 8160: 8148:. Retrieved 8140:Forbes India 8139: 8130: 8121: 8115: 8103:. Retrieved 8094: 8075:Skjærvø 2005 8070: 8058: 8046:. Retrieved 8037: 8027: 7998: 7986: 7962:Bulliet 1979 7957: 7931:Bulliet 1979 7926: 7914:. Retrieved 7910:the original 7905: 7896: 7884: 7867: 7836: 7829:Hourani 1947 7824: 7808: 7802: 7775: 7769: 7745: 7739: 7721: 7715: 7703: 7684: 7678: 7651:. Retrieved 7642: 7633: 7622: 7607: 7598: 7592: 7580:. Retrieved 7571: 7562: 7550:, retrieved 7545: 7538: 7526:. Retrieved 7517: 7493:. Retrieved 7484: 7475: 7446: 7442: 7436: 7427: 7413: 7404: 7395: 7388:. Retrieved 7364: 7354: 7346: 7334: 7330: 7324: 7308: 7288: 7274: 7268: 7259: 7250: 7241: 7234:. Retrieved 7225: 7215: 7203:. Retrieved 7194: 7185: 7173:. Retrieved 7159: 7147: 7135:. Retrieved 7126: 7117: 7105:. Retrieved 7101:the original 7096: 7087: 7075:. Retrieved 7061: 7049:. Retrieved 7035: 7023: 7011:. Retrieved 7002: 6993: 6981: 6969:. Retrieved 6960: 6951: 6939:. Retrieved 6930: 6921: 6909: 6897:. Retrieved 6877: 6870: 6858:. Retrieved 6849: 6840: 6828:. Retrieved 6819: 6810: 6798:. Retrieved 6789: 6779: 6767:. Retrieved 6758: 6749: 6730: 6724: 6712:. Retrieved 6703: 6676:. Retrieved 6667: 6658: 6646:. Retrieved 6637: 6628: 6616:. Retrieved 6607: 6598: 6586:. Retrieved 6577: 6568: 6556:. Retrieved 6547: 6538: 6526:. Retrieved 6517: 6508: 6496:. Retrieved 6487: 6463:. Retrieved 6454: 6445: 6433:. Retrieved 6424: 6400:. Retrieved 6391: 6382: 6370:. Retrieved 6361: 6352: 6340:. Retrieved 6331: 6300: 6294: 6282:. Retrieved 6273: 6264: 6252:. Retrieved 6243: 6234: 6222:. Retrieved 6213: 6204: 6192:. Retrieved 6183: 6180:"ARDĀ WĪRĀZ" 6174: 6162:. Retrieved 6153: 6144: 6132:|last2= 6112:. Retrieved 6096:The Guardian 6095: 6085: 6073:. Retrieved 6064: 6055: 6043:. Retrieved 6034: 6025: 6015: 5999: 5987:. Retrieved 5978: 5969: 5957:. Retrieved 5948: 5939: 5932:Panaino 2015 5927: 5920:Panaino 2019 5915: 5908:Panaino 1995 5903: 5896:Panaino 2019 5891: 5886:, p. 9. 5884:Panaino 2019 5879: 5872:Panaino 2019 5867: 5855:. Retrieved 5846: 5837: 5825:. Retrieved 5816: 5807: 5795:. Retrieved 5786: 5762:. Retrieved 5753: 5744: 5732:. Retrieved 5723: 5699: 5687:. Retrieved 5678: 5654:. Retrieved 5645: 5635: 5623:. Retrieved 5614: 5604: 5592:. Retrieved 5580: 5568: 5551: 5547: 5541: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5502:. Retrieved 5493: 5484: 5472: 5460:. Retrieved 5451: 5442: 5423: 5389:. Retrieved 5380: 5356:. Retrieved 5347: 5323:. Retrieved 5314: 5290:. Retrieved 5281: 5257:. Retrieved 5248: 5224:. Retrieved 5215: 5189:. Retrieved 5180: 5150:. Retrieved 5141: 5113:. Retrieved 5104: 5095: 5083:. Retrieved 5074: 5065: 5053:. Retrieved 5019: 5007: 4995: 4988:Büchner 1934 4968:. Retrieved 4964: 4954: 4942:. Retrieved 4928: 4916:. Retrieved 4902: 4891:, retrieved 4882: 4857:. Retrieved 4848: 4822:. Retrieved 4807: 4800: 4791: 4785: 4773:. Retrieved 4753: 4746: 4734:. Retrieved 4709: 4705: 4695: 4672: 4640: 4636: 4603: 4596: 4584: 4565: 4561: 4551: 4542: 4538: 4499: 4493: 4481:. Retrieved 4472: 4463: 4454: 4442:. Retrieved 4433: 4423: 4411:. Retrieved 4402: 4392: 4357:. Retrieved 4348: 4327: 4322: 4315: 4312: 4305: 4293:. Retrieved 4289: 4280: 4268:. Retrieved 4264: 4255: 4243:. Retrieved 4239: 4229: 4217:. Retrieved 4213: 4204: 4195: 4183:. Retrieved 4178: 4169: 4157:. Retrieved 4152: 4128: 4121:Skjærvø 2005 4105: 4101: 4098:Skjærvø 2005 4076: 4048: 4044: 3984: 3983:in his epic 3969:Greater Iran 3966: 3958: 3953: 3947: 3933: 3921: 3901: 3885:sons of Noah 3854: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3830: 3822: 3778: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3747: 3724: 3690: 3629: 3592:(especially 3587: 3576: 3384: 3375: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3322: 3295: 3287: 3253: 3220:Demographics 3214: 3198: 3194: 3185: 3169: 3149: 3146: 3077: 3054: 3028: 3021: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2945: 2925: 2882: 2836: 2828: 2808: 2801: 2790:cypress tree 2783: 2778: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2751: 2741: 2686:Roman Empire 2683: 2652: 2600: 2595: 2580: 2562: 2556: 2554: 2542: 2526: 2505: 2504: 2486: 2480: 2405:Greater Iran 2388:Indo-Iranian 2385: 2343: 2323: 2291: 2273: 2259: 2252: 2243: 2225: 2213: 2192: 2171:polytheistic 2167: 2135:Jamasp Namag 2119: 2082: 2051: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2005: 2003: 1988: 1948: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1916:Indo-Iranian 1897: 1880: 1878: 1863: 1862:) and fire ( 1857: 1855: 1816: 1792: 1772:Tang dynasty 1755: 1751: 1745: 1734: 1730: 1723: 1696: 1693:Frashokereti 1676: 1668: 1660: 1652: 1644: 1639:Zoroastrian 1638: 1624:Frashokereti 1620:Angra Mainyu 1616:Ahuna Vairya 1599: 1595: 1593: 1580: 1576: 1568: 1548: 1541:Angra Mainyu 1524: 1520: 1513:transcendent 1506: 1482: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1429: 1426: 1417: 1392: 1387: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1331: 1323: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1222: 1214: 1208: 1148: 1144: 1070: 1036: 1029:. The word ' 1020: 999: 990:Ahura Mithra 980: 967: 954: 930: 926: 920: 906: 886: 882:Farhang Mehr 874: 870:Christianity 859: 856: 853: 831:. Historian 798: 791: 781: 773: 728: 722: 716: 709: 703: 697: 693: 689: 683: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 645: 641: 637: 629: 621: 617: 613: 595: 593: 584:Fire Temples 580:Ahura Mazda, 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 557: 555: 550:𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 538: 534:Angra Mainyu 532: 526: 517: 512: 508: 502: 496: 482: 478: 474: 470: 468: 413: 405:Christianity 381:henotheistic 377:polytheistic 373:monotheistic 348:Angra Mainyu 347: 330: 323: 295: 274: 250: 249: 230: 105:Atash Behram 74: 65: 58:Please help 53:verification 46: 29: 18:Zoroastrians 16927:New Zealand 16864:Saint Lucia 16814:El Salvador 16719:Switzerland 16654:Netherlands 16426:Philippines 16354:South Korea 16349:North Korea 16239:Afghanistan 16186:South Sudan 16076:Ivory Coast 15860:Deification 15807:Objectivism 15782:Agnosticism 15735:Persecution 15725:Video games 15690:Populations 15601:Proselytism 15569:Monasticism 15560:Clericalism 15550:Agriculture 15541:and society 15506:Soteriology 15466:Comparative 15436:Transtheism 15421:Panentheism 15205:Monasticism 14998:Gallo-Roman 14900:Micronesian 14866:Manichaeism 14814:Hermeticism 14782:Continental 14777:Anglo-Saxon 14657:Paleolithic 14652:Prehistoric 14602:Scientology 14465:Italo-Roman 14320:Radha Soami 14300:New Thought 14140:Espiritismo 14081:Waaqeffanna 14021:Fon and Ewe 13959:Sub-Saharan 13842:Satsana Phi 13628:Ghost Dance 13569:Californian 13537:Anishinaabe 13463:Karo Pemena 13442:Indonesian 13116:Lingayatism 13064:Mahanubhava 13034:Vaishnavism 12965:Jeungsanism 12888:Folk Taoism 12871:Xiantiandao 12725:Zoroastrian 12384:Charismatic 12379:Pentecostal 12342:Anglicanism 12293:Waldensians 12228:Catholicism 11874:Zoroastrian 11678:in Pakistan 11636:Persecution 11595:Khurramites 11308:Persia/Iran 11293:Zarathustra 11288:Ahura Mazda 11165:Amordadegan 11117:Khordad Sal 11084:Aspandarmad 10988:Ashishvangh 10903:Dae-Pa-Adar 10888:Aspandarmad 10850:Zoroastrian 10799:In Our Time 10382:Boyce, Mary 10092:Works cited 9923:26 February 9884:26 February 9744:26 February 9652:26 February 9439:29 December 9384:26 November 9138:16 November 8637:27 February 8180:22 December 8150:22 December 7256:Boyce, Mary 6927:"ZOROASTER" 6664:"ČĀDOR (2)" 5012:Geiger 1885 4434:Parsi Times 4238:. Culture. 4133:Hintze 2014 3936:Manichaeism 3930:Manichaeism 3883:with three 3877:Mount Sinai 3857:eschatology 3732:Indo-Aryans 3675:Westminster 3637:(mainly in 3126:fire temple 2921: 1860 2910:fire temple 2832:proselytize 2665:lands. The 2611:Mesopotamia 2529:Cambyses II 2491:(completed 2304:in 247 AH ( 2029:Tansar-nāma 1808:Verethragna 1783:fire temple 1735:In ancient 1687:Eschatology 1641:cosmography 1635:Cosmography 1589:Gavaevodata 1404:monasticism 1298:versus the 1225:Ahura Mazda 1131:Verethragna 1115:Ātar (Fire) 1096:Ahura Mazda 1083:Ahura Mazda 1051:Ahura Mazda 1045:, or other 964:Ahura Mazda 956:Ahura Mazda 945:Ahura Mazda 893:pantheistic 877:Martin Haug 801:Ahura Mazda 778:Ahura Mazda 727:. The term 614:Zarathustra 481:called the 369:eschatology 332:Ahura Mazda 322:called the 291:mazdaiiasna 235:characters. 17132:Categories 16917:Micronesia 16794:Costa Rica 16689:San Marino 16649:Montenegro 16629:Luxembourg 16486:Uzbekistan 16461:Tajikistan 16366:Kyrgyzstan 16339:Kazakhstan 16289:East Timor 16259:Bangladesh 16249:Azerbaijan 16166:Seychelles 16131:Mozambique 16116:Mauritania 16101:Madagascar 15991:Cape Verde 15773:irreligion 15768:Secularism 15670:Minorities 15638:Toleration 15633:Syncretism 15618:Fanaticism 15608:Disability 15596:Missionary 15586:Conversion 15574:Ordination 15496:Psychology 15491:Philosophy 15431:Polytheism 15411:Monotheism 15406:Henotheism 15247:Orthopraxy 15237:Ordination 15200:Meditation 15195:Indigenous 15160:Entheogens 15145:Conversion 14971:Pueblo III 14888:Babylonian 14878:Melanesian 14804:Gnosticism 14689:Lithuanian 14582:Fourth Way 14436:Circassian 14414:Dievturība 14337:Tensegrity 14270:Falun Gong 13915:Sanamahism 13895:Donyi-Polo 13485:Polynesian 13431:Kaharingan 13356:Burkhanism 13295:Ravidassia 13273:Śvetāmbara 13059:Pushtimarg 13039:Krishnaism 12975:Vietnamese 12960:Cheondoism 12893:Yao Taoism 12829:East Asian 12595:Isma'ilism 12551:Maturidism 12330:Mennonites 12325:Hutterites 12310:Anabaptism 12203:Humanistic 11948:Bundahishn 11876:literature 11641:in Armenia 11533:Hamistagan 11389:Ashem Vohu 11303:Vohu Manah 11193:Bahmanagan 11155:Khordadgan 11034:Ardibehest 11008:Mahraspand 10978:Dae-Pa-Din 10878:Ardibehest 9998:Britannica 9980:Boyce 2001 9962:3 February 9821:3 February 9708:3 February 9486:Boyce 1982 9199:7 February 9108:3 November 8781:22 October 8576:1 December 8386:Fezana.org 8261:12 October 8238:9004216847 8063:Boyce 1979 8048:12 October 8020:Boyce 1979 8003:Boyce 1979 7991:Boyce 1979 7979:Boyce 1979 7950:Boyce 1979 7889:Boyce 1979 7877:Boyce 1979 7875:, qtd. in 7860:Boyce 1979 7841:Boyce 1979 7795:0253209153 7762:1472425529 7708:Boyce 2001 7671:Boyce 2001 7552:7 November 7152:Foltz 2013 7137:11 October 7107:27 October 7077:6 February 7051:6 February 7028:Boyce 2001 6986:Boyce 2001 6914:Boyce 2001 6899:6 November 6800:30 January 6769:30 January 6388:"VENDĪDĀD" 6358:"VISPERAD" 6061:"ĀTAŠKADA" 5843:"ŠAHREWAR" 5704:Boyce 1979 5477:Boyce 2001 5026:, p. 5024:Boyce 2001 5000:Boyce 2001 4589:Foltz 2013 4469:"Mazdaism" 4444:30 January 4385:Boyce 1983 4316:pp. 58-59. 4083:teachings. 4020:References 3995:Shia Islam 3908:Jewish law 3869:revelation 3865:messianism 3833:Mary Boyce 3781:syncretism 3715:See also: 3689:published 3683:Manchester 3679:Birmingham 3620:See also: 3393:South Asia 3337:Kermanshah 3304:(see also 3201:Tajikistan 3160:conversion 3014:al-Muqaffa 2932:Uzbekistan 2894:sectarians 2878:un-Iranian 2874:Mary Boyce 2825:Conversion 2720:See also: 2675:suzerainty 2613:, and the 2573:Persepolis 2471:Pasargadae 2451:Tajikistan 2427:See also: 2368:See also: 2232:Vohu Manah 2195:Bronze Age 2127:Bundahishn 1981:See also: 1893:diclofenac 1874:Apam Napat 1741:Azi Dahaka 1720:Hamistagan 1565:antithesis 1561:hypostasis 1484:Ashem Vohu 1400:asceticism 1354:asceticism 1251:in modern 1154:Vohu Manah 1067:polytheism 951:Ahuramazda 702:(hirbod), 638:Mazdayasna 460:conversion 401:reconciled 275:Mazdayasna 259:دین زرتشتی 68:April 2024 17035:Venezuela 16980:Argentina 16897:Australia 16849:Nicaragua 16824:Guatemala 16624:Lithuania 16446:Sri Lanka 16441:Singapore 16421:Palestine 16309:Indonesia 16299:Hong Kong 16121:Mauritius 15842:Overviews 15797:Criticism 15750:Sectarian 15740:Terrorism 15715:Theocracy 15660:Happiness 15628:Pluralism 15613:Education 15539:Religion 15511:Salvation 15501:Sociology 15446:Religious 15426:Pantheism 15416:Nontheism 15309:Mountains 15287:Sacrifice 15242:Orthodoxy 15232:Mythology 15227:Mysticism 15116:Behaviour 15025:Canaanite 15008:Mithraism 14976:Pueblo IV 14966:Pueblo II 14871:Mazdakism 14846:Hungarian 14819:Mysteries 14728:Dravidian 14510:Hungarian 14426:Caucasian 14397:Godianism 14357:Agni Yoga 14347:Theosophy 14310:Rastafari 14285:Modekngei 14265:Brahmoism 14258:Syncretic 14250:movements 14248:religious 14160:Quimbanda 14108:Candomblé 14101:Diasporic 13880:Bathouism 13870:Benzhuism 13785:Tsimshian 13736:Purépecha 13657:Longhouse 13632:Sun Dance 13564:Blackfoot 13552:Wabunowin 13547:Midewiwin 13468:Malaysian 13458:Kapitayan 13268:Digambara 13253:Ayyavazhi 13218:Vajrayana 13183:Theravada 13096:Ganapatya 13069:Ramanandi 12998:Hoahaoism 12876:Yiguandao 12771:Yarsanism 12766:Shabakism 12753:Yazdânism 12743:Zurvanism 12738:Mazdaznan 12697:Rastafari 12692:Mandaeism 12566:Wahhabism 12546:Ash'arism 12509:Tolstoyan 12499:Spiritual 12489:Mormonism 12460:Judaizers 12433:Quakerism 12411:Methodist 12401:Irvingism 12352:Calvinism 12305:Adventism 12288:Moravians 12125:Abrahamic 11629:Adherents 11610:Festivals 11590:Mazdakism 11585:Zurvanism 11498:Bundahišn 11313:Faravahar 11175:Meheragan 11094:Festivals 11054:Shehrevar 11029:Fravardin 10958:Fravardin 10883:Shehrevar 10761:298782520 10527:2336-2766 9353:26 August 9098:The Hindu 8743:. Rudaw. 8343:10 August 7459:0890-4464 7453:: 47–66. 7097:ana.press 6124:cite news 6104:0261-3077 5783:"AHUNWAR" 5675:"AHRIMAN" 5625:3 October 5448:"FRAVAŠI" 4718:1356-1863 4677:Routledge 4065:0002-7189 4025:Citations 3997:in Iran. 3945:beliefs. 3897:free will 3793:Hungarian 3681:(72) and 3635:Australia 3240:Chak Chak 3061:Gujaratis 3059:—"as the 2851:Shahrbanu 2811:Al-Biruni 2732:Hamzanama 2677:over the 2671:Zurvanite 2667:Sassanids 2617:. In the 2483:Herodotus 2439:alabaster 2334:Shahnameh 2326:Vishtaspa 2276:Zoroaster 2164:Zoroaster 2158:Zoroaster 2147:scripture 2078:Khosrow I 2074:Shapur II 2054:Vologases 2040:Bundahsin 2019:Vishtaspa 1977:Scripture 1870:cosmogony 1748:Saoshyant 1612:cosmology 1600:khrafstar 1533:Zoroaster 1503:Cosmogony 1492:Cosmology 1448:Huvarshta 1396:free will 1216:Khvarenah 1205:Faravahar 1178:Haurvatat 996:Mithraism 666:'good' + 630:Zaratosht 601:Ζωροάστηρ 596:Zoroaster 594:The name 590:Etymology 540:Aka Manah 462:, strict 456:estimated 316:Zoroaster 306:), is an 264:romanized 176:Zoroaster 156:Dualistic 141:Scripture 49:citations 17098:Religion 17061:Category 17025:Suriname 17015:Paraguay 17000:Colombia 16907:Kiribati 16834:Honduras 16804:Dominica 16779:Barbados 16744:Scotland 16704:Slovenia 16699:Slovakia 16674:Portugal 16544:Bulgaria 16466:Thailand 16416:Pakistan 16396:Mongolia 16391:Maldives 16386:Malaysia 16274:Cambodia 16221:Zimbabwe 16196:Tanzania 16046:Ethiopia 16041:Eswatini 16021:Djibouti 15986:Cameroon 15971:Botswana 15915:Timeline 15910:Scholars 15870:Founders 15730:Violence 15685:Politics 15555:Business 15518:Theology 15262:Prophecy 15252:Paganism 15140:Covenant 15107:Apostasy 15042:Scythian 14983:Rapa Nui 14937:Thracian 14932:Illyrian 14922:Albanian 14893:Sumerian 14836:Harappan 14772:Germanic 14767:Georgian 14760:Selk'nam 14745:Etruscan 14733:Egyptian 14711:Druidism 14674:Armenian 14597:Satanism 14577:Eckankar 14500:Estonian 14485:Romanian 14475:Ossetian 14455:Germanic 14404:Armenian 14393:African 14386:paganism 14315:Sant Mat 14305:Rajneesh 14280:Meivazhi 14275:Japanese 14232:Siberian 14165:Santería 14135:Convince 14001:Bushongo 13905:Kiratism 13832:Hmongism 13699:Wocekiye 13684:Jivaroan 13652:Iroquois 13647:Ho-Chunk 13596:Cherokee 13519:American 13490:Hawaiian 13403:Sarnaism 13373:Tungusic 13361:Tengrism 13351:Mongolic 13280:Sarnaism 13211:Nichiren 13188:Mahayana 13175:Buddhism 13153:Sant Mat 13143:Sauraism 13138:Smartism 13133:Shaktism 13126:Balinese 13111:Kaumaram 13106:Kapalika 13101:Kashmiri 13086:Shaivism 13026:Hinduism 12993:Caodaism 12937:Ryukyuan 12932:Tenrikyo 12927:Shugendō 12905:Japanese 12776:Yazidism 12761:Ishikism 12639:Quranism 12612:Khawarij 12561:Salafism 12556:Atharism 12445:Esoteric 12416:Holiness 12406:Lutheran 12367:Reformed 12347:Baptists 12320:Brethren 12284:Hussites 12272:Assyrian 12188:Haymanot 12142:Orthodox 12091:Religion 12049:Category 11916:Chihrdad 11906:Vendidad 11901:Visperad 11721:Category 11651:in India 11615:Marriage 11605:Calendar 11528:Xrafstar 11452:Visperad 11447:Vendidad 11231:Category 11180:Abanegan 11102:Gambhars 10918:Khorshed 10384:(1975). 10319:. Brill. 10284:(1947), 10254:(2014), 10224:(2013), 10177:"Yazdān" 10073:Archived 10065:"SRAOŠA" 9956:Archived 9917:Archived 9878:Archived 9815:Archived 9797:(2006). 9738:Archived 9702:Archived 9692:(1906). 9646:Archived 9589:Archived 9562:Archived 9464:Archived 9433:Archived 9378:Archived 9322:2 August 9291:2 August 9254:Archived 9224:Archived 9193:Archived 9164:archived 9132:Archived 9102:Archived 9010:Archived 8893:Archived 8775:Archived 8771:France24 8745:Archived 8719:Archived 8693:Archived 8673:3 August 8631:Archived 8600:Archived 8543:Archived 8512:Archived 8482:Archived 8449:Archived 8425:3 August 8419:Archived 8399:2 August 8390:Archived 8353:cite web 8315:Archived 8285:Archived 8255:Archived 8240:, p. 313 8226:Archived 8174:Archived 8144:Archived 8099:Archived 8042:Archived 7873:Abu Bakr 7813:Archived 7789:, 1994, 7780:Archived 7764:, p. 160 7750:Archived 7653:3 August 7647:Archived 7582:3 August 7576:Archived 7528:3 August 7522:Archived 7495:21 March 7489:Archived 7467:24048765 7397:Bactria. 7381:Archived 7313:Archived 7258:(1996). 7230:Archived 7199:Archived 7169:Archived 7131:Archived 7071:Archived 7045:Archived 7007:Archived 6965:Archived 6935:Archived 6893:Archived 6854:Archived 6824:Archived 6794:Archived 6763:Archived 6708:Archived 6672:Archived 6642:Archived 6612:Archived 6582:Archived 6552:Archived 6522:Archived 6514:"KUSTĪG" 6492:Archived 6459:Archived 6429:Archived 6396:Archived 6366:Archived 6336:Archived 6278:Archived 6248:Archived 6218:Archived 6210:"KARTIR" 6188:Archived 6158:Archived 6108:Archived 6069:Archived 6039:Archived 6008:Archived 5983:Archived 5953:Archived 5851:Archived 5821:Archived 5791:Archived 5758:Archived 5728:Archived 5683:Archived 5656:3 August 5650:Archived 5619:Archived 5585:Archived 5498:Archived 5456:Archived 5385:Archived 5352:Archived 5319:Archived 5286:Archived 5278:"DARVĪŠ" 5253:Archived 5220:Archived 5185:Archived 5146:Archived 5109:Archived 5079:Archived 5071:"GATHAS" 5055:17 March 5049:Archived 4970:24 April 4944:17 March 4938:Archived 4912:Archived 4887:archived 4853:Archived 4769:Archived 4730:Archived 4726:43307294 4483:1 August 4477:Archived 4438:Archived 4413:1 August 4407:Archived 4399:"Behdīn" 4359:1 August 4353:Archived 4080:eschaton 4001:See also 3986:Shāhnāme 3977:Ferdowsi 3881:Fereydun 3801:Ossetian 3752:Sanskrit 3571:Sources: 3314:Margiana 3310:Sogdiana 3189:Revayats 3165:Vendidad 3018:Firdausi 3002:Khorasan 2900:Survival 2885:Abbasids 2866:Umayyads 2847:Muhammad 2794:Khorasan 2761:poll-tax 2698:Armenian 2679:Caucasus 2663:Armenian 2657:period, 2655:Parthian 2615:Caucasus 2607:Anatolia 2592:Xerxes I 2561:and the 2549:Behistun 2443:Bactrian 2397:Khwarezm 2330:Ferdowsi 2250:Sanskrit 2139:Rivayats 2101:Vendidad 2099:and the 2097:Visperad 2070:Shapur I 1961:manthras 1912:Vendidad 1908:Visperad 1824:mystical 1820:shamanic 1812:Tishtrya 1789:, Italy. 1585:Gayomard 1553:immanent 1383:fravashi 1332:In this 1259:manthras 1210:Fravashi 1184:Ameretat 1127:or Srōsh 1043:Hinduism 927:Rig Veda 889:immanent 829:Tishtrya 788:Theology 729:Mazdaism 634:Gujarati 622:Zardosht 618:Zartosht 576:hvarshta 464:endogamy 395:and the 367:with an 162:Language 152:Theology 17084:Portals 17030:Uruguay 17005:Ecuador 16985:Bolivia 16962:Vanuatu 16889:Oceania 16839:Jamaica 16819:Grenada 16774:Bahamas 16734:England 16724:Ukraine 16679:Romania 16639:Moldova 16599:Ireland 16594:Iceland 16589:Hungary 16579:Germany 16569:Finland 16564:Estonia 16559:Denmark 16554:Czechia 16549:Croatia 16534:Belgium 16529:Belarus 16524:Austria 16519:Andorra 16514:Albania 16491:Vietnam 16401:Myanmar 16376:Lebanon 16294:Georgia 16254:Bahrain 16244:Armenia 16206:Tunisia 16176:Somalia 16161:Senegal 16146:Nigeria 16136:Namibia 16126:Morocco 16091:Liberia 16086:Lesotho 16036:Eritrea 16006:Comoros 15981:Burundi 15956:Algeria 15900:Outline 15865:Deities 15792:Atheism 15705:Science 15623:Freedom 15481:History 15448:studies 15401:Dualism 15391:Animism 15356:Worship 15336:Symbols 15277:Liturgy 15190:Goddess 15150:Deities 15131:Laicism 15121:Beliefs 15100:Aspects 15072:Zapotec 15067:Vainakh 15035:Yahwism 15020:Semitic 14949:Iranian 14851:Hurrian 14841:Hittite 14831:Guanche 14824:Orphism 14755:Fuegian 14750:Finnish 14738:Atenism 14684:Latvian 14669:Arabian 14612:Raëlism 14592:Jediism 14587:Goddess 14560:De novo 14448:Druidry 14342:Thelema 14295:New Age 14180:Umbanda 14071:Tumbuka 14056:Odinala 14041:Lugbara 13961:African 13927:African 13875:Bimoism 13865:Burmese 13711:Mapuche 13677:Wyandot 13637:Guarani 13618:Choctaw 13613:Chilote 13532:Alaskan 13527:Abenaki 13478:Tagalog 13451:Kejawèn 13300:Sikhism 13263:Jainism 13223:Tibetan 13206:Amidism 13074:Warkari 12988:Đạo Mẫu 12838:Chinese 12820:Eastern 12797:Roshani 12716:Iranian 12624:Alevism 12617:Ibadism 12590:Zaydism 12267:Ancient 12238:Eastern 12198:Renewal 12183:Karaite 12164:Zionist 12152:Hasidic 12134:Judaism 12116:Western 12004:Sad-dar 11968:Denkard 11935:Pahlavi 11883:Avestan 11673:in Iraq 11668:in Iran 11559:Kashmar 11493:Dēnkard 11472:Ab-Zohr 11348:Yazatas 11318:Avestan 11185:Azargan 11160:Tiragan 11049:Amardad 11039:Khordad 10898:Amardad 10893:Khordad 10868:Hormazd 10346:13 July 10079:13 July 10005:10 June 9595:6 March 9568:1 March 9470:16 June 9170:28 June 8725:13 July 8660:Hamazor 8606:14 June 8549:14 June 8518:10 June 8321:14 June 8291:14 June 8105:14 June 7797:, p. 22 7331:Persica 7205:13 July 7013:13 July 6999:"DAIVA" 6971:13 July 6957:"HAOMA" 6941:13 July 6860:13 July 6830:14 July 6714:13 July 6678:13 July 6648:13 July 6618:13 July 6588:13 July 6558:13 July 6528:13 July 6498:13 July 6465:13 July 6435:13 July 6402:13 July 6372:13 July 6342:13 July 6328:"YASNA" 6284:13 July 6254:13 July 6224:13 July 6194:13 July 6164:13 July 6114:13 July 6075:13 July 6045:13 July 5989:13 July 5959:13 July 5857:13 July 5827:13 July 5797:13 July 5764:14 June 5734:13 July 5689:13 July 5594:13 July 5504:13 July 5462:13 July 5391:13 July 5358:13 July 5325:13 July 5292:13 July 5259:14 June 5226:13 July 5191:14 June 5152:13 July 5115:13 July 5085:13 July 4918:16 July 4893:13 July 4859:13 July 4845:"AHURA" 4824:14 June 4795:, p. 38 4775:7 April 4736:5 April 4179:HISTORY 4073:1462275 3991:Sraosha 3950:Yazatas 3943:Gnostic 3744:Avestan 3736:Iranics 3594:Karachi 3508:114,890 3497:109,752 3486:101,778 3475:100,096 3422:±% p.a. 3365:Kermani 3357:Behdini 3341:Persian 3302:Bactria 3289:Navjote 3187:by the 3080:vassals 3051:Gujarat 2941:dirhams 2936:Qutaiba 2928:Bukhara 2890:Baghdad 2786:Abbasid 2775:caliphs 2771:dhimmis 2753:dhimmis 2647:ossuary 2596:Denkard 2558:Denkard 2534:Smerdis 2409:Persian 2314:Turkish 2310:Samarra 2300:caliph 2298:Abbasid 2280:Kashmar 2210:ephedra 2188:prophet 2184:Spitama 2153:History 2123:Denkard 2056:of the 2024:Denkart 2010:Avestan 2000:Avestan 1932:Navjote 1850:Ossuary 1795:temples 1779:Sogdian 1707:Sraosha 1675:), and 1673:Jupiter 1669:Ohrmazd 1657:Mercury 1557:Yazatas 1529:Avestan 1455: 1431:ashavan 1340:versus 1306:versus 1253:Persian 1213:or the 1125:Sraosha 1110:Anahita 1081:assist 1047:Iranian 1031:Yazata' 1017:Yazatas 976:Rigveda 970:of the 866:dualism 845:Anahita 817:Sraosha 813:Anahita 809:yazatas 685:Navjote 680:liturgy 652:English 626:Persian 610:Avestan 604:) is a 523:aspects 489:liturgy 442:by the 389:history 337:Avestan 312:prophet 300:Persian 279:Avestan 266:: 255:Persian 233:Unicode 172:Founder 166:Avestan 134:Iranian 107:at the 17071:Portal 17010:Guyana 16990:Brazil 16957:Tuvalu 16854:Panama 16844:Mexico 16789:Canada 16784:Belize 16714:Sweden 16694:Serbia 16684:Russia 16669:Poland 16664:Norway 16644:Monaco 16614:Latvia 16609:Kosovo 16584:Greece 16574:France 16506:Europe 16471:Turkey 16456:Taiwan 16361:Kuwait 16334:Jordan 16324:Israel 16284:Cyprus 16269:Brunei 16264:Bhutan 16216:Zambia 16211:Uganda 16151:Rwanda 16106:Malawi 16066:Guinea 16056:Gambia 15961:Angola 15948:Africa 15757:Wealth 15700:Schism 15655:Growth 15579:Priest 15564:Clergy 15383:Theism 15366:Nature 15361:Astral 15304:Groves 15272:Ritual 15257:Prayer 15215:Novice 15165:Ethnic 15090:Topics 15062:Urartu 15057:Tongan 15052:Somali 15047:Slavic 14927:Dacian 14706:Celtic 14701:Basque 14679:Baltic 14530:Udmurt 14495:Uralic 14490:Slavic 14443:Celtic 14431:Abkhaz 14419:Romuva 14409:Baltic 14384:Modern 14227:Papuan 14190:Voodoo 14145:Kumina 14086:Yoruba 14076:Urhobo 14046:Maasai 14031:Lotuko 13979:Baluba 13969:Akamba 13942:Berber 13900:Heraka 13890:Dongba 13768:Pueblo 13763:Pawnee 13753:Navajo 13743:Muisca 13706:Lenape 13694:Lakota 13672:Seneca 13662:Mohawk 13584:Ohlone 13559:Apache 13542:Ojibwe 13517:Native 13383:Manchu 13378:Evenki 13339:Altaic 13330:Ethnic 13305:Khalsa 13258:Kalash 13148:Śrauta 13017:Indian 12947:Korean 12913:Shinto 12883:Taoism 12856:Luoism 12682:Baháʼí 12677:Bábism 12629:Ahmadi 12607:Sufism 12600:Alawis 12250:Church 12178:Reform 12159:Modern 12147:Haredi 11911:Gathas 11661:Parsis 11620:Burial 11580:Parsis 11547:Cities 11538:Duzakh 11457:Yashts 11384:Gathas 11379:Avesta 11358:Daevas 11353:Ahuras 11189:Daegan 11112:Pateti 11107:Nowruz 11079:Bahman 11022:Months 11013:Aneran 11003:Zamyad 10993:Ashtad 10963:Behram 10953:Rashne 10873:Bahman 10814:Curlie 10776: 10759: 10749: 10731: 10712: 10691: 10672: 10645: 10626: 10607: 10588: 10546: 10525: 10521:(11). 10477: 10458: 10439: 10411: 10392: 10362: 10232: 10201: 10164: 10146: 10127: 10109: 9948: 9909: 9870: 9807: 9772: 9543: 9505: 9484:e.g., 9407: 9318:. 2023 9287:. 2023 9075:20 May 9068: 9045:20 May 9038: 8987:20 May 8980: 8958:20 May 8951: 8928:20 May 8921: 8870:20 May 8863: 8840:20 May 8833: 8811:20 May 8804: 8699:17 May 8236: 8203: 7916:9 June 7793: 7760: 7728: 7691: 7465: 7457: 7420: 7281: 7175:9 June 6885: 6737: 6488:Avesta 6307: 6240:"BANG" 6154:Avesta 6102: 5979:Avesta 5431: 5245:"Druj" 4815: 4761: 4724: 4716: 4683: 4611: 4514: 4295:6 July 4270:6 July 4245:6 July 4219:6 July 4185:6 July 4159:6 July 4106:aêshma 4102:daêwas 4071: 4063: 3981:Avesta 3889:heaven 3809:Mongol 3805:Turkic 3797:Slavic 3787:, the 3785:Sogdia 3671:Harrow 3667:Barnet 3663:London 3639:Sydney 3600:. The 3583:Mumbai 3579:Parsis 3566:+2.36% 3563:69,000 3555:−1.93% 3552:57,264 3544:−0.14% 3541:69,601 3533:−2.39% 3530:71,630 3522:−0.76% 3519:91,266 3511:+0.46% 3500:+0.76% 3489:+0.17% 3478:+0.61% 3467:+0.47% 3464:94,190 3456:+0.52% 3453:89,904 3445:+2.32% 3442:85,397 3431:69,476 3399:Parsis 3333:Kerman 3325:Tehran 3210:mobeds 3205:UNESCO 3177:Godrej 3152:Parsis 3143:, 2011 3141:Tehran 3114:, and 3104:Parsis 3098:Modern 3056:Parsis 3039:Kerman 2992:Kerman 2839:Husayn 2784:Under 2779:dhimmi 2734:where 2623:Strabo 2417:Avesta 2413:Median 2306:861 CE 2245:Daevas 2240:Yazata 2180:Gathas 2109:Yashts 2089:Gathas 2006:Avesta 1996:Avesta 1989:Avesta 1943:kushti 1937:sedreh 1921:Mobads 1800:Mithra 1711:Rashnu 1709:, and 1703:Mithra 1681:Saturn 1661:Wahrām 1645:Anāhīd 1596:daevas 1545:ahuras 1537:Gathas 1440:Humata 1350:Gathas 1346:action 1334:schema 1283:Path. 1265:mantra 1237:Yazata 1229:Gathas 1119:Rashnu 1105:Mithra 1079:Yazata 1075:Avesta 1063:angels 1059:Yazata 1057:, the 1039:Yazata 1027:Avesta 1023:Yazata 1011:Yazata 1005:Mithra 937:, and 935:Varuna 911:Ahuras 841:Mithra 827:, and 825:Rashnu 821:Mithra 805:angels 794:Avesta 774:Mazda- 711:dastur 656:Behdin 642:Mazda- 572:hakhta 568:hwnata 504:daevas 498:ahuras 479:Avesta 475:Gathas 471:Avesta 452:Parsis 325:Avesta 296:Behdin 294:) and 183:Origin 146:Avesta 16995:Chile 16952:Tonga 16942:Samoa 16932:Palau 16922:Nauru 16829:Haiti 16749:Wales 16709:Spain 16634:Malta 16604:Italy 16496:Yemen 16451:Syria 16431:Qatar 16406:Nepal 16381:Macau 16344:Korea 16329:Japan 16304:India 16279:China 16191:Sudan 16141:Niger 16096:Libya 16081:Kenya 16061:Ghana 16051:Gabon 16026:Egypt 15966:Benin 15875:Index 15846:lists 15710:State 15528:Women 15396:Deism 15371:Place 15351:Water 15346:Truth 15314:Trees 15170:Faith 15135:Laity 15030:Punic 14988:Roman 14954:Vedic 14912:Olmec 14799:Greek 14792:Norse 14716:Irish 14537:Wicca 14332:Subud 14222:Inuit 14195:Winti 14185:Vodou 14150:Obeah 14130:Comfa 14113:Bantu 14066:Serer 14051:Mbuti 14011:Dogon 14006:Dinka 13989:Kongo 13984:Bantu 13910:Qiang 13800:Yaqui 13731:Olmec 13721:Aztec 13642:Haida 13579:Miwok 13574:Kuksu 13495:Māori 13426:Dayak 13347:Turko 13310:Sects 13246:Other 13201:Thiền 12785:Other 12687:Druze 12665:Other 12541:Sunni 12533:Islam 12315:Amish 12233:Latin 11997:Other 11921:Yasht 11896:Yasna 11771:India 11692:Lists 11656:Irani 11554:Balkh 11442:Yasna 11127:Sadeh 11059:Meher 10998:Asman 10973:Govad 10948:Srosh 10943:Meher 10923:Mohor 10340:(PDF) 10329:(PDF) 10259:(PDF) 9310:(PDF) 9279:(PDF) 9066:JSTOR 9036:JSTOR 9016:8 May 8978:JSTOR 8949:JSTOR 8919:JSTOR 8899:8 May 8861:JSTOR 8831:JSTOR 8802:JSTOR 8667:(PDF) 8656:(PDF) 8393:(PDF) 8382:(PDF) 7463:JSTOR 7429:area. 7390:6 May 7384:(PDF) 7369:(PDF) 7337:: 9. 7236:6 May 6544:"GĀH" 5588:(PDF) 5577:(PDF) 5101:"DĒN" 4722:JSTOR 4069:JSTOR 3918:Islam 3873:Moses 3763:daeva 3757:Asura 3754:word 3748:Ahura 3746:word 3590:Sindh 3560:2019 3549:2011 3538:2001 3527:1981 3516:1971 3505:1941 3494:1931 3483:1921 3472:1911 3461:1901 3450:1891 3439:1881 3428:1872 3361:Yazdi 3353:Gavri 3306:Balkh 3285:Parsi 3181:Wadia 3137:Sadeh 3049:, to 2957:laity 2859:Shi'a 2855:a son 2803:adhan 2766:jizya 2518:Medes 2254:Devas 2228:Haoma 2206:Haoma 2093:Yasna 1904:Haoma 1900:Yasna 1836:Haoma 1777:of a 1756:getig 1752:menog 1715:Daena 1677:Kēwān 1649:Venus 1581:getig 1577:menog 1525:Mazda 1521:Ahura 1481:(see 1444:Hūxta 1388:urvan 1378:urvan 1325:Parsi 1288:getig 1270:Daena 1244:Daena 1135:Indra 1101:Mitra 1071:shirk 1001:Mitra 984:Yasna 972:Hindu 939:Mitra 931:asura 923:Ahura 917:Ahura 705:mobed 699:ervad 676:daēnā 647:yasna 612:name 606:Greek 513:mēnōg 509:gētīg 484:Yasna 409:Islam 304:بهدین 17122:Iran 17110:Asia 17020:Peru 16902:Fiji 16799:Cuba 16411:Oman 16371:Laos 16319:Iraq 16314:Iran 16231:Asia 16201:Togo 16111:Mali 16001:Chad 15844:and 15771:and 15341:Text 15321:Soul 15210:Monk 15175:Fire 14856:Inca 14664:Ainu 14548:list 14525:Sámi 14155:Palo 14123:Ketu 14118:Jejé 14036:Lozi 14016:Efik 13994:Zulu 13974:Akan 13827:Ahom 13819:Miao 13817:and 13805:Zuni 13778:Hopi 13726:Maya 13623:Crow 13589:Pomo 13236:list 13193:Chan 13164:list 13121:Nath 12919:list 12655:list 12580:Shia 12522:list 12209:list 11824:Iran 11564:Yazd 11298:Asha 11069:Adar 11064:Avan 10933:Gosh 10913:Avan 10908:Adar 10861:Days 10774:ISBN 10757:OCLC 10747:ISBN 10729:ISBN 10710:ISBN 10689:ISBN 10670:ISBN 10643:ISBN 10624:ISBN 10605:ISBN 10586:ISBN 10573:2012 10544:ISBN 10523:ISSN 10475:ISBN 10456:ISBN 10437:ISBN 10409:ISBN 10390:ISBN 10360:ISBN 10348:2019 10230:ISBN 10199:ISBN 10162:ISBN 10144:ISBN 10125:ISBN 10107:ISBN 10081:2019 10007:2024 9964:2022 9946:ISBN 9925:2024 9907:ISBN 9886:2024 9868:ISBN 9823:2022 9805:ISBN 9770:ISBN 9746:2024 9710:2022 9654:2024 9597:2024 9570:2024 9541:ISBN 9503:ISBN 9472:2020 9441:2022 9405:ISBN 9386:2023 9355:2018 9324:2024 9293:2024 9262:2019 9232:2019 9220:Dawn 9201:2015 9172:2008 9140:2021 9110:2021 9077:2024 9047:2024 9018:2023 8989:2024 8960:2024 8930:2024 8901:2023 8872:2024 8842:2024 8813:2024 8783:2023 8753:2015 8727:2019 8701:2016 8675:2019 8639:2018 8608:2017 8578:2009 8551:2017 8520:2023 8490:2017 8477:Time 8457:2017 8427:2023 8401:2019 8359:link 8345:2013 8323:2017 8293:2017 8263:2013 8234:ISBN 8201:ISBN 8182:2023 8152:2023 8107:2017 8050:2021 7918:2017 7791:ISBN 7758:ISBN 7726:ISBN 7689:ISBN 7655:2019 7584:2019 7554:2012 7530:2019 7497:2021 7455:ISSN 7418:ISBN 7392:2023 7279:ISBN 7238:2023 7207:2019 7177:2017 7139:2020 7109:2020 7079:2020 7053:2020 7015:2019 6973:2019 6943:2019 6901:2022 6883:ISBN 6862:2019 6832:2019 6802:2021 6771:2021 6735:ISBN 6716:2019 6680:2019 6650:2019 6620:2019 6590:2019 6560:2019 6530:2019 6500:2019 6467:2019 6437:2019 6404:2019 6374:2019 6344:2019 6305:ISBN 6286:2019 6256:2019 6226:2019 6196:2019 6166:2019 6136:help 6116:2019 6100:ISSN 6077:2019 6047:2019 5991:2019 5961:2019 5859:2019 5829:2019 5799:2019 5766:2017 5736:2019 5691:2019 5658:2013 5627:2009 5596:2019 5506:2019 5464:2019 5429:ISBN 5393:2019 5360:2019 5327:2019 5294:2019 5261:2017 5228:2019 5193:2017 5154:2019 5117:2019 5087:2019 5057:2024 4972:2024 4946:2024 4920:2024 4895:2019 4861:2019 4826:2017 4813:ISBN 4777:2021 4759:ISBN 4738:2021 4714:ISSN 4681:ISBN 4609:ISBN 4512:ISBN 4485:2019 4446:2021 4415:2019 4361:2019 4297:2024 4272:2024 4247:2024 4221:2024 4187:2024 4161:2024 4061:ISSN 3893:hell 3891:and 3807:and 3769:deva 3734:and 3719:and 3673:and 3624:and 3417:Pop. 3413:Year 3401:and 3387:ISIS 3370:Gabr 3345:Dari 3335:and 3329:Yazd 3258:and 3248:Iran 3244:Yazd 3228:and 3173:Tata 3094:'." 3084:Yazd 3072:Aden 3037:and 3035:Yazd 2914:Baku 2908:The 2862:imam 2514:Magi 2475:Iran 2465:The 2411:and 2372:and 2004:The 1998:and 1967:topi 1951:Gāhs 1910:and 1881:druj 1865:atar 1859:aban 1840:mang 1810:and 1665:Mars 1569:druj 1452:lit. 1402:and 1365:druj 1342:druj 1338:asha 1313:druj 1308:druj 1304:asha 1300:druj 1296:asha 1292:druj 1280:asha 1275:Asha 1077:The 1021:The 921:The 843:and 782:-ism 708:and 694:osti 690:osta 628:and 620:and 564:Druj 559:Asha 501:and 407:and 387:and 120:Type 113:Iran 51:for 15745:War 15220:Nun 15185:God 14246:New 14091:Ifá 14061:San 13860:Bon 13815:Tai 13790:Ute 13197:Zen 12861:Nuo 11074:Dae 11044:Tir 10983:Din 10968:Ram 10928:Tir 10812:at 10271:doi 7373:doi 7339:doi 5556:doi 5529:doi 5028:157 4645:doi 4570:doi 4504:doi 4053:doi 3914:. 3875:on 3373:s. 3363:or 3355:or 3242:in 3139:in 3020:'s 3000:In 2990:in 2912:of 2843:Ali 2792:in 2579:'s 2469:at 2332:'s 2212:or 1876:). 1758:). 1683:). 1667:), 1659:), 1653:Tīr 1651:), 1604:Mah 1531:). 1336:of 1249:din 1103:or 672:dēn 668:din 664:weh 660:beh 632:in 624:in 411:. 363:of 111:in 17134:: 15562:/ 15133:/ 14026:Ik 13837:Mo 10755:. 10668:. 10517:. 10513:. 10331:, 10267:24 10265:, 10261:, 10071:. 10067:. 9995:. 9972:^ 9954:. 9915:. 9876:. 9813:. 9784:^ 9754:^ 9736:. 9732:. 9718:^ 9700:. 9696:. 9688:; 9677:^ 9644:. 9587:. 9560:. 9462:. 9458:. 9431:. 9427:. 9376:. 9372:. 9341:. 9312:. 9281:. 9248:. 9222:. 9218:. 9191:. 9187:. 9158:, 9126:. 9096:. 9085:^ 8769:. 8658:. 8629:. 8625:. 8594:. 8541:. 8537:. 8510:. 8506:. 8480:. 8474:. 8443:. 8388:. 8384:. 8367:^ 8355:}} 8351:{{ 8309:. 8283:. 8279:. 8168:. 8142:. 8138:. 8097:. 8093:. 8082:^ 8036:. 8010:^ 7969:^ 7938:^ 7904:. 7848:^ 7663:^ 7645:. 7641:. 7621:. 7574:. 7570:. 7520:. 7516:. 7505:^ 7487:. 7483:. 7461:. 7449:. 7445:. 7426:. 7394:. 7379:. 7345:. 7335:16 7333:. 7297:^ 7287:. 7240:. 7224:. 7197:. 7193:. 7167:. 7129:. 7125:. 7095:. 7005:. 7001:. 6963:. 6959:. 6933:. 6929:. 6891:. 6852:. 6848:. 6822:. 6818:. 6761:. 6757:. 6702:. 6688:^ 6670:. 6666:. 6640:. 6636:. 6610:. 6606:. 6580:. 6576:. 6550:. 6546:. 6520:. 6516:. 6490:. 6486:. 6475:^ 6457:. 6453:. 6427:. 6423:. 6412:^ 6394:. 6390:. 6364:. 6360:. 6334:. 6330:. 6319:^ 6276:. 6272:. 6246:. 6242:. 6216:. 6212:. 6186:. 6182:. 6156:. 6152:. 6128:: 6126:}} 6122:{{ 6106:. 6098:. 6094:. 6067:. 6063:. 6037:. 6033:. 6014:. 5981:. 5977:. 5951:. 5947:. 5849:. 5845:. 5819:. 5815:. 5789:. 5785:. 5774:^ 5752:. 5726:. 5722:. 5711:^ 5681:. 5677:. 5666:^ 5648:. 5644:. 5617:. 5613:. 5583:. 5579:. 5552:18 5550:. 5523:. 5496:. 5492:. 5454:. 5450:. 5401:^ 5383:. 5379:. 5368:^ 5350:. 5346:. 5335:^ 5317:. 5313:. 5302:^ 5284:. 5280:. 5269:^ 5251:. 5247:. 5236:^ 5218:. 5214:. 5201:^ 5183:. 5179:. 5162:^ 5144:. 5140:. 5125:^ 5107:. 5103:. 5077:. 5073:. 5047:. 5035:^ 4980:^ 4963:. 4936:. 4910:. 4881:, 4869:^ 4851:. 4847:. 4834:^ 4767:. 4728:. 4720:. 4710:24 4708:. 4704:. 4675:. 4659:^ 4641:38 4639:. 4635:. 4623:^ 4566:38 4564:. 4560:. 4541:. 4537:. 4525:^ 4510:, 4475:. 4471:. 4436:. 4432:. 4401:. 4369:^ 4351:. 4347:. 4335:^ 4288:. 4263:. 4212:. 4177:. 4151:. 4140:^ 4113:^ 4090:^ 4075:. 4067:. 4059:. 4049:47 4047:. 4033:^ 3887:, 3867:, 3863:, 3815:. 3803:, 3799:, 3795:, 3776:. 3669:, 3612:. 3331:, 3312:; 3246:, 3203:, 3179:, 3175:, 3167:. 3110:, 3106:, 2918:c. 2916:, 2609:, 2585:c. 2493:c. 2485:' 2473:, 2453:, 2449:, 2360:. 2149:. 2129:, 2125:, 2095:, 2091:, 2043:, 2037:, 2031:, 2027:, 1973:. 1927:. 1838:, 1834:, 1806:, 1802:, 1728:. 1705:, 1487:). 1466:). 1446:, 1442:, 1322:A 978:. 929:, 899:. 872:. 847:. 823:, 819:, 815:, 765:əm 714:. 696:, 692:, 586:. 379:, 375:, 339:: 302:: 285:, 281:: 261:, 257:: 187:c. 17086:: 14103:: 13630:/ 13349:- 13199:/ 13195:/ 12472:/ 12286:/ 12083:e 12076:t 12069:v 11933:/ 11866:e 11859:t 11852:v 11754:e 11747:t 11740:v 11266:e 11259:t 11252:v 10852:- 10842:e 10835:t 10828:v 10782:. 10763:. 10737:. 10718:. 10697:. 10678:. 10651:. 10632:. 10613:. 10594:. 10575:. 10552:. 10519:6 10483:. 10464:. 10445:. 10417:. 10398:. 10273:: 10185:. 10170:. 10083:. 10009:. 9966:. 9927:. 9888:. 9825:. 9778:. 9748:. 9712:. 9671:. 9656:. 9599:. 9572:. 9511:. 9474:. 9443:. 9413:. 9388:. 9357:. 9326:. 9295:. 9264:. 9234:. 9203:. 9142:. 9112:. 9079:. 9049:. 9020:. 8991:. 8962:. 8932:. 8903:. 8874:. 8844:. 8815:. 8785:. 8755:. 8729:. 8703:. 8677:. 8641:. 8610:. 8580:. 8553:. 8522:. 8492:. 8459:. 8429:. 8403:. 8361:) 8347:. 8325:. 8295:. 8265:. 8209:. 8184:. 8154:. 8109:. 8077:. 8052:. 7920:. 7871:( 7697:. 7657:. 7586:. 7532:. 7499:. 7469:. 7447:8 7375:: 7341:: 7209:. 7179:. 7141:. 7111:. 7081:. 7055:. 7017:. 6975:. 6945:. 6903:. 6864:. 6834:. 6804:. 6773:. 6743:. 6718:. 6682:. 6652:. 6622:. 6592:. 6562:. 6532:. 6502:. 6469:. 6439:. 6406:. 6376:. 6346:. 6313:. 6288:. 6258:. 6228:. 6198:. 6168:. 6138:) 6118:. 6079:. 6049:. 5993:. 5963:. 5861:. 5831:. 5801:. 5768:. 5738:. 5693:. 5660:. 5629:. 5598:. 5562:. 5558:: 5535:. 5531:: 5525:1 5508:. 5466:. 5395:. 5362:. 5329:. 5296:. 5263:. 5230:. 5195:. 5156:. 5119:. 5089:. 5059:. 5030:. 4974:. 4948:. 4922:. 4863:. 4828:. 4779:. 4740:. 4689:. 4653:. 4647:: 4617:. 4578:. 4572:: 4543:1 4506:: 4487:. 4448:. 4417:. 4387:. 4363:. 4299:. 4274:. 4249:. 4223:. 4189:. 4163:. 4055:: 3250:. 3008:( 2477:. 1679:( 1671:( 1663:( 1655:( 1464:' 1458:' 1450:( 1247:( 1219:. 1069:( 768:/ 762:z 759:ɪ 756:. 753:ə 750:d 747:z 744:æ 741:m 738:ˈ 735:/ 731:( 598:( 351:( 335:( 327:. 298:( 277:( 253:( 81:) 75:( 70:) 66:( 56:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.