Plural form of words ending in -us: Difference between revisions

451:

computer enthusiast circles in the late 20th century and early 21st, the non-standard ''viri'' form (sometimes even ''virii'') was well attested, generally in the context of ]es.<ref>''VLAD Magazine'', Issues #1, #3, #5, #7</ref> ''Viri'' is also found in some nineteenth-century sources.<ref>{{cite book |page=48 |url=https://archive.org/stream/homopathictreati00test#page/48 |title=A Homœopathic Treatise on the Diseases of Children |first=Alph |last=Teste |authorlink=Alphonse Teste |translator-first1=Emma |translator-last1=Côté |year=1854 |publisher=Moore, Anderson, Wilstach & Keys |location=Cincinnati}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |page=293 |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.506658/2015.506658.Diseases-Of#page/n327 |title=A Practical Treatise of Diseases of the Urinary & Generative Organs |first=William |last=Acton |authorlink=William Acton (doctor)|edition=third |year=1860 |publisher=John Churchill |location=London}}</ref>

777:* The Latin form of virus never had a plural form: In antiquity the word virus had not yet acquired, of course, its current scientific meaning; rather it denoted something like toxicity, venom, a poisonous, deleterious, or unpleasant agent or principle, or poison in the abstract or general sense. (The first meaning given for this word, a slimy liquid, slime, in the most widely used Latin-English dictionaries is inaccurate; the error has been corrected in the more recent Oxford Latin Dictionary.) Nouns denoting entities that are countable pluralize (book, books); nouns denoting noncountable entities do not (except under special circumstances) pluralize (air, mood, valor). The term virus in antiquity appears to have belonged to the latter category, hence the nonexistence of plural forms. 603:

securitati retis informatici providere. Code Red II, quod per cursum electronicum diffunditur, priore viro acerbius est et, postquam in servitoria penetravit, in systema lacunam facit. Ita fieri potest, ut alia vira eaque etiam periculosiora in machinas computatorias irrepant. Iam vermis Code Red I molestissimus fuit, cum biduo in trecenta milia computatrorum in omni orbe terrarum invasit."</ref><ref></ref><ref>William T. Stearn: ''Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary.'' David & Charles, third edition, 1983. Quote: "Virus: virus (s.n. II), ''gen. sing.'' viri, ''nom. pl.'' vira, ''gen. pl.'' vīrorum (to be distinguished from ''virorum'', of men)."</ref>

394:"table of contents"; since it is not a classical word, some argue that it does not have a classical plural.<ref>{{cite web |title=Syllabus |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/syllabus#etymonline_v_22509 |website=Online Etymological Dictionary |accessdate=21 October 2018}}</ref> However, the form ''syllabi'' is used and considered acceptable by some sources.<ref>{{cite web |title=Which Is The Correct Plural Spelling? (It's a Trick Question) |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/tricky-plural-words-explained#:~:text=Syllabuses%20%26%20Syllabi&text=Both%20forms%20of%20the%20plural,you%20if%20you%20use%20syllabi. |website=Merriam-Webster |access-date=26 August 2023}}</ref> 1118:''Chambers 21st Century Dictionary''<ref>. Retrieved October 19, 2007.</ref> and the ''Compact Oxford Dictionary''<ref> Retrieved October 19, 2007.</ref> list only ''octopuses'', although the latter notes that ''octopodes'' is "still occasionally used"; the ] has 29 instances of ''octopuses'', 11 of ''octopi'' and 4 of ''octopodes''.{{cn|date=August 2023}} ''Merriam-Webster 11th ]'' lists ''octopuses'' and ''octopi'', in that order;{{cn|date=August 2023}} '']'' lists ''octopuses'', ''octopi'' and ''octopodes'' (in that order).{{cn|date=August 2023}} 1293:

model should have the plural form ''Prii'', even though the Latin word ''prius'' has a plural ''priora'', the '']'' having prior claim to that name—though the common plural is "Priuses".<ref>engadget, , Tim Stevens, 21 February 2011</ref><ref>, John Voelcker</ref> Conversely, Toyota has also said that the plural of their ''Lexus'' line is ''Lexus''.<ref>jalopnik, , Alanis King, 26 April 2019</ref> The ] were famously referred to as "the Winklevi" in ].<ref>Vanity Fair, , Dana Vachon, December 2011</ref>

918:"Christiansen">{{cite web|accessdate=29 December 2010|date=17 December 1999|author=Tom Christiansen|authorlink=|url=http://www.ofb.net/~jlm/virus.html|title=What's the Plural of 'Virus'?|publisher=Rick Moen}}</ref> favoring ''viruses'' instead of ''virii''. The impetus of this discussion was the potential irony that the use of ''virii'' could be construed as a claim of superior knowledge of language when in fact more detailed research finds the native ''viruses'' is actually more appropriate. In other words, ''virii'' is a ]. 1032:2There is some debate about what the rules of Latin grammar might imply about the formation of a plural. In Latin ''virus'' is generally regarded to be a neuter of the second declension, but the word is so rare that there are no recorded plurals. Possibilities include "vira" (in analog with 2nd declension) and "virus" (in analog with 4th declension masculine, although as a neuter noun the plural of virus in the 4th declension would be "virua"). 876:* There is no extant record of ''virus'' being used in Latin in a plural form, and it is unclear how a plural might have been formed had the word acquired a meaning requiring a plural form.2 Possibilities include ''vira'', following the pattern for neuter nouns in ''-um'' – or ''virus'' with a long "u", following the example of ''status''. However, none of these are attested.3 68: 1190:''platypodes'' as the plural, but in practice this form is hardly attested outside of discussions about pluralization. In scientific contexts, biologists often use ''platypus'' as both the singular and plural form of the word, in the tradition of ''sheep'' or ''fish'', but laypersons and scientists alike often use the simple English plural ''platypuses''. Different dictionaries make different recommendations. 475:

Internet users shifted to be more representative of the population as a whole during the 2000s, the non-standard forms saw decline in usage. A tendency towards prescriptivism in the computer enthusiast community, combined with the growing awareness that ''viri'' and ''virii'' are not etymologically supported plural forms, also played a part.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}

264:

ending in ''-us'' and Latin words that did not have their Latin plurals with ''-i'' form their English plurals with ''-i'', ''e.g.'', ''octopi'' is sometimes used as a plural for ] (the standard English plural is octopuses). ] consider these forms incorrect, but ] may simply describe them as a natural evolution of language.

551:

The Latin word ''vīrus'' was a neuter noun of the second ], but neuter second declension nouns ending in ''-us'' (rather than ''-um'') are rare enough that inferring rules is difficult. (One rare attested plural, ''pelage'' as a plural of ''pelagus'', is borrowed from Greek, so does not give guidance

474:

While the number of users employing these non-standard plural forms of ''virus'' was always a small percentage of the English-speaking population, the variation was notable because it coincided with the growth of the ], a medium on which users of ''viri'' were over-represented. As the distribution of

2515:

Novum viri computatorii genus nomine Code Red in praesenti in Interreti grassatur, ut nuntiavit institutum SANS, cuius est securitati retis informatici providere. Code Red II, quod per cursum electronicum diffunditur, priore viro acerbius est et, postquam in servitoria penetravit, in systema lacunam

357:

In Latin, most ] ] nouns ending in ''-us'' form their plural in ''-i''. However, some Latin nouns ending in ''-us'' are not second declension (''cf.'' ]). For example, third declension ] nouns such as ''opus'' and ''corpus'' have plurals ''opera'' and ''corpora'', and fourth declension masculine and

263:

In ], the '''plural form of words ending in ''-us''''', especially those derived from ], often replaces ''-us'' with ''-i''. There are many exceptions, some because the word does not derive from Latin, and others due to custom (''e.g.'', '']'', plural ''campuses''). Conversely, some non-Latin words

1761:

were over-represented. As the distribution of Internet users shifted to be more representative of the population as a whole during the 2000s, the non-standard forms saw decline in usage. A tendency towards prescriptivism in the computer enthusiast community, combined with the growing awareness that

367:

The plural "virii" is frequently perceived to be founded on a misunderstanding of ] plurals such as ''radii''. It may have originated as whimsical usage on ] (see also: ]). This form is used most frequently, although not exclusively, among ]s and ] writers with reference to computer viruses. Most

1292:

Facetious mock-erudite plurals in ''-i'' or even ''-ii'' are sometimes found for words ending with a sound (vaguely) similar to ''-us''. Examples are ''stewardi'' (supposed plural of '']'') and ''Elvi'' (as a plural for '']'' imitators). The Toyota corporation has determined that their ''Prius''

1189:

The situation with the word '']'' is similar to that of ''octopus''; the word is etymologically Greek despite its Latinized ending, and so pluralizing it as if it were Latin (i.e. as ''platypi'') is sometimes ill-considered. As with ''octopus'', importing Greek morphology into English would have

1097:

The '']''<ref> Retrieved November 2, 2023.</ref> lists ''octopi'', ''octopuses'' and ''octopodes'' (in that order); it labels ''octopodes'' "rare", and notes that ''octopi'' derives from the mistaken assumption that ''{{lang|la|octōpūs}}'' is a ]. (The long "ū" is not used in the 2nd

917:

Usage of ''virii'' within Internet communities has met with some resistance, most notably by Tom Christiansen, a figure in the ] community, who researched the issue and wrote what eventually became referred to in various online discussions as the authoritative essay on the subject,<ref name =

450:

The English plural of ''virus'' is ''viruses''.<ref>''A Dictionary of Modern English Usage'' (1950) H. W. Fowler, Oxford University Press</ref> In most speaking communities, this is non-controversial and speakers would not attempt to use the non-standard plural in -''i''. However, in

393:

Some English words derive from Latin idiosyncratically. For example, ''bus'' is a shortened form of '']'' 'for everyone', the ] (and ]) plural of ''omnis'', and ''ignoramus'' is a verb form, 'we do not know'. ''Syllabus'' is a ] (16th c.) word, derived from a misreading of the Greek ''sittybos''

287:

Some English words of Latin origin do not commonly take the Latin plural, but rather the regular English plurals in -(e)s: ''campus'', ''bonus'', and ''anus''; while others regularly use the Latin forms: ''radius'' (''radii'') and ''alumnus'' (''alumni''). Still others may use either: ''corpus''

602:

In ], a plural form is necessary in order to express the modern concept of 'viruses', leading to the following declension:<ref>: "NOVUM VIRUS COMPUTATORIUM Novum viri computatorii genus nomine Code Red in praesenti in Interreti grassatur, ut nuntiavit institutum SANS, cuius est

1076:

Currently, ''octopuses'' is the most common form in the UK as well as the US; ''octopodes'' is rare, and ''octopi'' is often objected to as incorrect.<ref>Peters, Pam (2004). ''The Cambridge Guide to English Usage''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-62181-X}}, p.

1222:3To make matters worse, it has been suggested that due to the Latin form of the word, the study of viruses should not be ] (which would be the study of the ''vir'', "man"), but "virulogy." This spelling is extremely uncommon but it is used by a few universities. 1235:

As a word in ] (as distinct from Classical Latin), '']'' follows standard Latin rules for pluralization and becomes ''cacti'', which has become the prevalent usage in English. Regardless, ''cactus'' is popularly used as both singular and plural, and is cited as both singular and

150: 297:

The forms "viri" and "virii" are also used as a plural, although (much) less frequently. This article discusses the origins and ] aspects of the words "viri" and "virii", as well as arguments for and against their acceptability as an alternative to "viruses" in the English

509:''Vīrus'' in ] was a ], denoting something uncountable. These pluralize only under special circumstances, and no plural form of the word can be found in contemporary texts.<ref>June 1999 issue of ASM News by the American Society for Microbiology</ref> 755:* Synchronic ]: the Synchronic study of a language's form at a given moment, is the core of the discipline of linguistics as opposed to diachronic linguistics. Synchronic linguistics acknowledges the "viri" form as well as the historical "viruses" form. 60: 854:* In Latin, ''virii'' is not the correct plural. The "ii" ending only occurs in the plural of words ending in "ius". For instance, take ''radius'', plural ''radii'': the root is ''radi-'', with the singular ending ''-us'' and the plural ''-i''. 1002:

In life sciences, "viruses" generally refers to several distinct strains or species of virus. "Virus" is used in the original way as an uncountable mass noun, e.g. "a vial of virus". Individual, physical particles are called "]s" or "virus

1138:'']'' states that "the only acceptable plural in English is ''octopuses,''" and that ''octopi'' is misconceived and ''octopodes'' ].<ref>Burchfield, R.W., ''Fowler's Modern English Usage,'' Oxford University Press, 539.</ref> 1964:

2516:

facit. Ita fieri potest, ut alia vira eaque etiam periculosiora in machinas computatorias irrepant. Iam vermis Code Red I molestissimus fuit, cum biduo in trecenta milia computatrorum in omni orbe terrarum invasit."

2413: 1056:

There are three plural forms of '']'': '']'', '']'', and '']''. A fourth form ''octopods'' is occasionally used by scientists for taxonomic purposes.<ref>. Retrieved March 18, 2018</ref>

865:* In Latin, ''viri'' is not the correct plural. The ending ''-i'' is used only for masculine nouns, not neuter ones such as ''virus''; moreover, ''viri'' is the plural of ''vir'', and means "men". 133: 15: 1098:

declension.) Rather, it is (Latinized) ], from ''{{transl|grc|oktṓpous}}'' ({{lang|grc|ὀκτώπους}}, gender masculine), whose plural is ''{{transl|grc|oktṓpodes}}'' ({{lang|grc|ὀκτώποδες}}).

1158:

The term ''octopod'' (plural ''octopods'') is taken from the ] Octopoda but has no classical equivalent. The collective form ''octopus'' is usually reserved for animals consumed as food.

288:(''corpora'' or ''corpuses''), ''formula'' (''formulae'' in technical contexts, ''formulas'' otherwise), ''index'' (''indices'' mostly in technical contexts, ''indexes'' otherwise). 960:

The form ''viruses'' appears in the official Scrabble words list,<ref>''OSW Official Scrabble Words'' (1989) Chambers</ref> but neither ''viri'' nor ''virii'' does.

239:

In ], the normal '''plural of "virus"''' is "viruses". This form of the plural is correct, and used most frequently, both when referring to a ] and when referring to a ].

129:

Divide into intro, sociolinguistic aspects, arguments pro/contra acceptability; also removed arguments for correctness of "viruses" because that is not disputed

90: 28: 1922:

community, who researched the issue and wrote what eventually became referred to in various online discussions as the authoritative essay on the subject, favoring

141: 86: 1784:, denoting something uncountable. These pluralize only under special circumstances, and no plural form of the word can be found in contemporary texts. 145: 2236:

as the plural, but in practice this form is hardly attested outside of discussions about pluralization. In scientific contexts, biologists often use

2462: 69: 368:

computer professionals unaffiliated with the warez, cracker, and virus writing scenes use the "viruses" form instead of the "virii" form.

1753:

was always a small percentage of the English-speaking population, the variation was notable because it coincided with the growth of the

2648: 2146: 832:* Knowledge (see ]) and all English language dictionaries give the plural of ''virus'' simply as ''viruses''.1 2698: 403:

The "viri" form is used less often. It is sometimes used by professionals, and can refer to both biological and computer viruses.

2350:

having prior claim to that name—though the common plural is "Priuses". Conversely, Toyota has also said that the plural of their

1236:

plural.<ref>''Random House Unabridged Dictionary'' (2006)</ref> ''Cactuses'' is also an acceptable plural in English.

1875: 1704:"table of contents"; since it is not a classical word, some argue that it does not have a classical plural. However, the form 2132: 1726:. In most speaking communities, this is non-controversial and speakers would not attempt to use the non-standard plural in - 1521:

Some English words of Latin origin do not commonly take the Latin plural, but rather the regular English plurals in -(e)s:

552:

for ''virus''.) Plural neuter nouns of other declensions always end in ''-a'' (in the nominative, accusative and vocative).

115: 2660: 2723: 843:* In English, the plural is normally formed by adding ''-s'' or ''-es'', frequently in preference to a ]'s native plural. 2486: 1826:, a plural form is necessary in order to express the modern concept of 'viruses', leading to the following declension: 2624: 1934:

could be construed as a claim of superior knowledge of language when in fact more detailed research finds the native

168: 108: 2224:; the word is etymologically Greek despite its Latinized ending, and so pluralizing it as if it were Latin (i.e. as 1268:4Also, the word 'viri' (or 'virii') does not appear in on-line English language dictionaries. 2166: 2710: 358:

feminine nouns such as ''sinus'' and ''tribus'' have plurals ''{{lang|la|sinūs}}'' and ''{{lang|la|tribūs}}''.

157: 2511:

Nuntii Latini: Finnish Broadcasting Company (Radiophonia Finnica Generalis). Archiv I. 19.5.2000 - 6.12.2002

1918:

within Internet communities has met with some resistance, most notably by Tom Christiansen, a figure in the

97: 2736: 1472:. There are many exceptions, some because the word does not derive from Latin, and others due to custom ( 2027: 1730:. However, in computer enthusiast circles in the late 20th century and early 21st, the non-standard 2776: 669: 578: 2114: 1511: 2482: 1515: 202: 2636: 2388: 711:* The spelling ''virii'' is linked to a specific technical field (]), and so is considered ]. 2748: 484:

Are either of "viri" or "virii" acceptable alternatives to "viruses" in the English language?

164: 104: 63: 2466: 2699:"Toyota decrees the plural of 'Prius' is 'Prii,' your Latin teacher looks on admonishingly" 8: 2525: 2471:. Translated by Côté, Emma. Cincinnati: Moore, Anderson, Wilstach & Keys. p. 48. 2278:

is popularly used as both singular and plural, and is cited as both singular and plural.

2363: 1597: 2060: 1594: 2620: 2603: 2510: 2359: 2314: 1792: 1620: 1450: 16: 2724:

Breaking Minds and Spirits Everywhere, Lexus Says the Plural of 'Lexus' Is 'Lexus'

2261: 2197: 1943: 1777: 1803:) are rare enough that inferring rules is difficult. (One rare attested plural, 1754: 1739: 2063:. (The long "ū" is not used in the 2nd declension.) Rather, it is (Latinized) 1999: 1987: 2770: 2324: 2064: 1616: 810:|width="50%" valign="top" style="border: 1px solid gray; padding-left:1em;"| 659:|width="50%" valign="top" style="border: 1px solid gray; padding-left:1em;"| 44: 947:1The same is true of specialized dictionaries, e.g.: 197: 2543:

David & Charles, third edition, 1983. Quote: "Virus: virus (s.n. II),

2248:, but laypersons and scientists alike often use the simple English plural 2346: 1930:. The impetus of this discussion was the potential irony that the use of 1993: 2488:

A Practical Treatise of Diseases of the Urinary & Generative Organs

2304:

are sometimes found for words ending with a sound (vaguely) similar to

1848: 1749:

While the number of users employing these non-standard plural forms of

1697: 2541:

Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary.

2240:

as both the singular and plural form of the word, in the tradition of

2570: 2291: 2083: 2069: 1823: 1781: 1666:

Some English words derive from Latin idiosyncratically. For example,

437:== Arguments pro and contra the acceptability of "viri" and "virii"== 2501:

June 1999 issue of ASM News by the American Society for Microbiology

2216: 2182: 1896: 1865: 1844: 1770:

are not etymologically supported plural forms, also played a part.

1677: 746:| ] || ''vīrī'' (antique, ]: ''vīrus'') || ''vīrōrum'' 1981: 2274:, which has become the prevalent usage in English. Regardless, 2414:"Which Is The Correct Plural Spelling? (It's a Trick Question)" 2266: 1966: 1892: 1681: 1478: 702:| nominative ] ] || ''vīrus'' || ''vīra'' 191:

Deleted short paragraph with original research, outdated source

2200:

Octopoda but has no classical equivalent. The collective form

1672: 2328:

imitators). The Toyota corporation has determined that their

2090: 2076: 1639:, and fourth declension masculine and feminine nouns such as 1518:

may simply describe them as a natural evolution of language.

1461: 212:(595 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) 1490:

and Latin words that did not have their Latin plurals with

2270:

follows standard Latin rules for pluralization and becomes

2007:

is occasionally used by scientists for taxonomic purposes.

1919: 1815:.) Plural neuter nouns of other declensions always end in 230:{{Short description|English language pluralization rules}} 2252:. Different dictionaries make different recommendations. 1953:

appears in the official Scrabble words list, but neither

1811:, is borrowed from Greek, so does not give guidance for 733:* The term is today an English language term, not Latin. 1700:(16th c.) word, derived from a misreading of the Greek 252:{{DISPLAYTITLE:Plural form of words ending in -''us''}} 2491:(third ed.). London: John Churchill. p. 293. 2170:

states that "the only acceptable plural in English is

51: 2232:, importing Greek morphology into English would have 2014:

is the most common form in the UK as well as the US;

1708:is used and considered acceptable by some sources. 2468:A Homœopathic Treatise on the Diseases of Children 2204:is usually reserved for animals consumed as food. 1746:is also found in some nineteenth-century sources. 1413:{{DEFAULTSORT:Plural Form Of Words Ending In -Us}} 1375:http://dictionary.reference.com/help/faq/language/ 1738:) was well attested, generally in the context of 2768: 2568: 2362:were famously referred to as "the Winklevi" in 1795:, but neuter second declension nouns ending in 1938:is actually more appropriate. In other words, 1819:(in the nominative, accusative and vocative). 1533:; while others regularly use the Latin forms: 1486:). Conversely, some non-Latin words ending in 1442:Latest revision as of 16:22, 27 September 2024 142:Latest revision as of 16:22, 27 September 2024 799: 689:==Justification for "viri" or "virii" forms== 2562: 2440:(1950) H. W. Fowler, Oxford University Press 1510:(the standard English plural is octopuses). 2053: 1657: 1649: 1373:{{cite web | accessdate=2 January 2005|url= 821:==Counters for the "viri"or "virii" forms== 2051:derives from the mistaken assumption that 790:| ] ] || ''vīrō'' || ''vīrīs'' 2619:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2282:is also an acceptable plural in English. 332:== Origins and sociolinguistic aspects == 2711:"GREEN: Toyota Readies Fleet Of Priuses" 2285: 2228:) is sometimes ill-considered. As with 2769: 2147:Webster's New World College Dictionary 1608:. However, some Latin nouns ending in 675: 584: 87:Revision as of 21:53, 21 November 2004 2569:Tom Christiansen (17 December 1999). 2481: 2461: 2081:, gender masculine), whose plural is 2617:The Cambridge Guide to English Usage 2438:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 2264:(as distinct from Classical Latin), 1514:consider these forms incorrect, but 1446:English language pluralization rules 77: 43: 2022:is often objected to as incorrect. 211: 195: 182: 156: 139: 132: 127: 96: 84: 13: 2686:Random House Unabridged Dictionary 2555:vīrorum (to be distinguished from 2332:model should have the plural form 2296:Facetious mock-erudite plurals in 2255: 2113:is "still occasionally used"; the 1692:is a verb form, 'we do not know'. 1506:is sometimes used as a plural for 1444: 32: 2788: 2109:, although the latter notes that 1619:). For example, third declension 518:{| cellspacing="3" width="100%" 2701:, Tim Stevens, 21 February 2011 2649:Chambers 21st Century Dictionary 2099:Chambers 21st Century Dictionary 1979:There are three plural forms of 1791:was a neuter noun of the second 1549:). Still others may use either: 1494:form their English plurals with 1460:, especially those derived from 2729: 2716: 2704: 2691: 2679: 2666: 2654: 2642: 2630: 2609: 2597: 2585: 2571:"What's the Plural of 'Virus'?" 2533: 1455:plural form of words ending in 623:{| class="wikitable" border="1" 2749:"What is the plural of virus?" 2674:Fowler's Modern English Usage, 2519: 2504: 2495: 2475: 2455: 2443: 2431: 2406: 2393:Online Etymological Dictionary 2381: 1581:mostly in technical contexts, 1: 2676:Oxford University Press, 539. 2651:. Retrieved October 19, 2007. 2374: 2336:, even though the Latin word 2167:Fowler's Modern English Usage 1757:, a medium on which users of 1440: 1431: 1418: 1409: 1367: 1356: 1345: 1336: 1321: 1310: 1288: 1277: 1264: 1255: 1231: 1218: 1209: 1185: 1174: 1165: 1154: 1145: 1134: 1125: 1114: 1105: 1093: 1084: 1072: 1063: 1052: 1041: 1028: 1021: 1008: 998: 985: 978: 965: 956: 943: 936: 923: 913: 872: 861: 850: 839: 828: 817: 806: 795: 786: 773: 764: 751: 742: 729: 720: 707: 698: 685: 655: 646: 619: 610: 598: 570: 557: 547: 534: 527: 514: 505: 480: 470: 446: 433: 424: 399: 389: 363: 353: 328: 319: 293: 283: 259: 248: 235: 226: 2739:, Dana Vachon, December 2011 2726:, Alanis King, 26 April 2019 2513:: "NOVUM VIRUS COMPUTATORIUM 2214:The situation with the word 2084: 2070: 2061:second declension Latin noun 1507: 1383:What is the plural of virus? 186: 18:Browse history interactively 7: 2663:Retrieved October 19, 2007. 2639:Retrieved November 2, 2023. 2592:OSW Official Scrabble Words 2207: 2043:(in that order); it labels 1828: 1612:are not second declension ( 10: 2793: 2737:"The Code of the Winklevi" 2606:. Retrieved March 18, 2018 2604:PubMed search for octopods 2289: 2091: 2077: 1972: 1588: 538:|width="100%" colspan="2"| 184: 2661:Compact Oxford Dictionary 2637:Oxford English Dictionary 2103:Compact Oxford Dictionary 2028:Oxford English Dictionary 1429: 1425: 1407: 1352: 1334: 1286: 1275: 1271: 1253: 1229: 1225: 1207: 1183: 1172: 1163: 1152: 1143: 1132: 1123: 1112: 1103: 1091: 1082: 1070: 1061: 1050: 1039: 1035: 1019: 1015: 996: 992: 976: 972: 954: 950: 934: 930: 911: 879: 868: 857: 846: 835: 824: 813: 802: 784: 780: 762: 758: 740: 736: 718: 714: 696: 692: 666: 662: 644: 617: 608: 596: 592: 568: 564: 545: 541: 525: 521: 503: 487: 468: 444: 440: 422: 406: 387: 371: 351: 335: 317: 301: 281: 257: 246: 242: 224: 219: 216: 138: 83: 1969:" or "virus particles". 1711: 1259:==Facetious formations== 650:! !! singular !! plural 116:Extended confirmed users 2452:, Issues #1, #3, #5, #7 2115:British National Corpus 2047:"rare", and notes that 1670:is a shortened form of 1569:in technical contexts, 82: 2220:is similar to that of 2054: 1718:The English plural of 1658: 1650: 1281:{{See also|Dog Latin}} 2133:Collegiate Dictionary 2131:Merriam-Webster 11th 1734:form (sometimes even 1604:form their plural in 2615:Peters, Pam (2004). 2312:(supposed plural of 2286:Facetious formations 2196:) is taken from the 2178:is misconceived and 2117:has 29 instances of 1676:'for everyone', the 2539:William T. Stearn: 1213:==Botanical Latin== 2672:Burchfield, R.W., 1464:, often replaces 1178:== ''Platypus'' == 154: 94: 2753:reference.com FAQ 2322:(as a plural for 2162:(in that order). 2144:, in that order; 1912: 1911: 1595:second declension 1439: 140: 85: 65: 2784: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2740: 2733: 2727: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2566: 2560: 2537: 2531: 2523: 2517: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2385: 2360:Winklevoss twins 2094: 2093: 2087: 2080: 2079: 2073: 2057: 2003:. A fourth form 1829: 1740:computer viruses 1661: 1653: 1600:nouns ending in 1077:388.</ref> 206: 205: 193: 192: 190: 177: 172: 153: 148: 130: 122: 112: 93: 66: 57: 56: 54: 49: 47: 39: 36: 21: 19: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2782: 2781: 2777:English grammar 2767: 2766: 2757: 2755: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2734: 2730: 2721: 2717: 2713:, John Voelcker 2709: 2705: 2696: 2692: 2684: 2680: 2671: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2635: 2631: 2614: 2610: 2602: 2598: 2594:(1989) Chambers 2590: 2586: 2576: 2574: 2567: 2563: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2480: 2476: 2460: 2456: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2418:Merriam-Webster 2412: 2411: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2308:. Examples are 2294: 2288: 2262:Botanical Latin 2258: 2256:Botanical Latin 2212: 2198:taxonomic order 1977: 1944:hypercorrection 1895: 1873: 1847: 1843: 1807:as a plural of 1787:The Latin word 1778:Classical Latin 1716: 1593:In Latin, most 1591: 1512:Prescriptivists 1447: 1436: 1423: 1414: 1403: 1398: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1365: 1363: 1350: 1341: 1330: 1328: 1319: 1317: 1306: 1301: 1294: 1282: 1269: 1260: 1249: 1244: 1237: 1223: 1214: 1203: 1198: 1191: 1179: 1168: 1159: 1148: 1139: 1128: 1119: 1108: 1099: 1087: 1078: 1066: 1057: 1046: 1045:==''Octopus''== 1033: 1024: 1013: 1004: 990: 981: 970: 961: 948: 939: 928: 919: 907: 902: 895: 888: 877: 866: 855: 844: 833: 822: 811: 800: 791: 778: 769: 756: 747: 734: 725: 712: 703: 690: 681: 680: 660: 651: 640: 633: 624: 613: 604: 590: 589: 573: 562: 553: 539: 530: 519: 510: 499: 494: 485: 476: 464: 459: 452: 438: 429: 418: 413: 404: 395: 383: 378: 369: 359: 347: 342: 333: 324: 313: 308: 299: 289: 277: 272: 265: 253: 240: 231: 207: 201: 196: 194: 185: 183: 181: 180: 179: 175: 162: 160: 155: 149: 144: 136: 134:← Previous edit 131: 128: 126: 125: 124: 120: 118: 102: 100: 95: 89: 81: 80: 79: 78: 76: 75: 74: 73: 72: 71: 62: 58: 52: 50: 45: 42: 40: 37: 35:Content deleted 34: 31: 29:← Previous edit 26: 25: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2790: 2780: 2779: 2765: 2764: 2742: 2741: 2728: 2715: 2703: 2690: 2678: 2665: 2653: 2641: 2629: 2608: 2596: 2584: 2561: 2532: 2518: 2503: 2494: 2483:Acton, William 2474: 2454: 2442: 2430: 2405: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2368:Social Network 2287: 2284: 2257: 2254: 2211: 2206: 1976: 1971: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1715: 1710: 1623:nouns such as 1590: 1587: 1516:descriptivists 1445: 1443: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1316:External links 1315: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 999: 997: 994: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 982: 979: 977: 974: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 962: 959: 957: 955: 952: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 940: 937: 935: 932: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 916: 914: 912: 909: 908: 905: 903: 900: 897: 896: 893: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 792: 789: 787: 785: 782: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 770: 767: 765: 763: 760: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 748: 745: 743: 741: 738: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 726: 723: 721: 719: 716: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 704: 701: 699: 697: 694: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 682: 678: 674: 672: 667: 664: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 652: 649: 647: 645: 642: 641: 638: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 625: 622: 620: 618: 615: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 601: 599: 597: 594: 593: 591: 587: 583: 581: 575: 574: 571: 569: 566: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 554: 550: 548: 546: 543: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 531: 528: 526: 523: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 511: 508: 506: 504: 501: 500: 497: 495: 492: 489: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 477: 473: 471: 469: 466: 465: 462: 460: 457: 454: 453: 449: 447: 445: 442: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 430: 427: 425: 423: 420: 419: 416: 414: 411: 408: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 396: 392: 390: 388: 385: 384: 381: 379: 376: 373: 372: 370: 366: 364: 361: 360: 356: 354: 352: 349: 348: 345: 343: 340: 337: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 325: 322: 320: 318: 315: 314: 311: 309: 306: 303: 302: 300: 296: 294: 291: 290: 286: 284: 282: 279: 278: 275: 273: 270: 267: 266: 262: 260: 258: 255: 254: 251: 249: 247: 244: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 232: 229: 227: 225: 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 209: 208: 174: 173: 158: 137: 119: 114: 113: 98: 67: 61: 59: 41: 33: 27: 23: 22: 14: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2789: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2738: 2735:Vanity Fair, 2732: 2725: 2719: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2694: 2687: 2682: 2675: 2669: 2662: 2657: 2650: 2645: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2625:0-521-62181-X 2622: 2618: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2593: 2588: 2572: 2565: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2522: 2512: 2507: 2498: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2478: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2458: 2451: 2450:VLAD Magazine 2446: 2439: 2434: 2419: 2415: 2409: 2394: 2390: 2384: 2380: 2372: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2340:has a plural 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2260:As a word in 2253: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2210: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2088: 2086: 2074: 2072: 2066: 2065:Ancient Greek 2062: 2058: 2056: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2023: 2021: 2018:is rare, and 2017: 2013: 2008: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1799:(rather than 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1654: 1652: 1647:have plurals 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631:have plurals 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617:Latin grammar 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1452: 1441: 1433: 1428: 1420: 1417: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1387:reference.com 1369: 1364:reference.com 1362:- Article on 1358: 1355: 1347: 1344: 1338: 1333: 1323: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1297: 1290: 1285: 1279: 1274: 1266: 1263: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1228: 1220: 1217: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1182: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1156: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1136: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1054: 1049: 1043: 1038: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1010: 1007: 1000: 995: 987: 984: 980: 975: 967: 964: 958: 953: 945: 942: 938: 933: 927:==Footnotes== 925: 922: 915: 910: 906: 904: 901: 899: 898: 892: 890: 885: 883: 882: 874: 871: 863: 860: 852: 849: 841: 838: 830: 827: 819: 816: 808: 805: 797: 794: 788: 783: 775: 772: 766: 761: 753: 750: 744: 739: 731: 728: 722: 717: 709: 706: 700: 695: 687: 684: 676: 673: 671: 668: 665: 657: 654: 648: 643: 637: 635: 630: 628: 627: 621: 616: 612: 607: 600: 595: 585: 582: 580: 577: 576: 572: 567: 559: 556: 549: 544: 536: 533: 529: 524: 516: 513: 507: 502: 498: 496: 493: 491: 490: 482: 479: 472: 467: 463: 461: 458: 456: 455: 448: 443: 435: 432: 428:==''Virus''== 426: 421: 417: 415: 412: 410: 409: 401: 398: 391: 386: 382: 380: 377: 375: 374: 365: 362: 355: 350: 346: 344: 341: 339: 338: 330: 327: 321: 316: 312: 310: 307: 305: 304: 295: 292: 285: 280: 276: 274: 271: 269: 268: 261: 256: 250: 245: 237: 234: 228: 223: 215: 210: 204: 199: 188: 170: 166: 161: 152: 147: 143: 135: 117: 110: 106: 101: 92: 88: 70: 55: 48: 38:Content added 30: 20: 2756:. Retrieved 2752: 2731: 2718: 2706: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2673: 2668: 2656: 2644: 2632: 2616: 2611: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2575:. Retrieved 2564: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2527: 2521: 2506: 2497: 2487: 2477: 2467: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2437: 2433: 2421:. Retrieved 2417: 2408: 2396:. Retrieved 2392: 2383: 2367: 2364: 2355: 2351: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2213: 2208: 2201: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2082: 2068: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2009: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1986: 1980: 1978: 1973: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1948: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1915: 1913: 1906: 1901: 1885: 1879: 1876:heteroclitic 1870: 1858: 1853: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1788: 1786: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1750: 1748: 1743: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1705: 1701: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684:) plural of 1671: 1667: 1665: 1656: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1592: 1585:otherwise). 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:otherwise), 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1456: 1454: 1448: 2577:29 December 2573:. Rick Moen 2559:, of men)." 2463:Teste, Alph 2347:Lada Priora 2174:" and that 2010:Currently, 1926:instead of 1340:{{Reflist}} 1003:particles". 323:==History== 203:Visual edit 159:Cedrusaurum 99:Sietse Snel 2722:jalopnik, 2697:engadget, 2545:gen. sing. 2398:21 October 2389:"Syllabus" 2375:References 2315:stewardess 2290:See also: 2250:platypuses 2234:platypodes 2172:octopuses, 2105:list only 1874:(antique, 1849:accusative 1842:nominative 1793:declension 1698:Late Latin 1327:References 2758:2 January 2627:, p. 388. 2423:26 August 2292:Dog Latin 2188:The term 2180:octopodes 2160:octopodes 2152:octopuses 2138:octopuses 2127:octopodes 2125:and 4 of 2119:octopuses 2111:octopodes 2107:octopuses 2092:ὀκτώποδες 2085:oktṓpodes 2045:octopodes 2041:octopodes 2037:octopuses 2016:octopodes 2012:octopuses 2000:octopodes 1988:octopuses 1949:The form 1914:Usage of 1824:Neo-Latin 1782:mass noun 1690:ignoramus 1598:masculine 1482:, plural 1422:__NOTOC__ 298:language. 187:→‎Octopus 2771:Category 2553:gen. pl. 2549:nom. pl. 2485:(1860). 2465:(1854). 2358:. The 2354:line is 2310:stewardi 2300:or even 2280:Cactuses 2238:platypus 2217:platypus 2209:Platypus 2194:octopods 2192:(plural 2183:pedantic 2121:, 11 of 2101:and the 2078:ὀκτώπους 2071:oktṓpous 2005:octopods 1897:ablative 1866:genitive 1845:vocative 1834:singular 1702:sittybos 1694:Syllabus 1678:ablative 1571:formulas 1567:formulae 1559:corpuses 1484:campuses 670:⚫ 579:⚫ 169:contribs 109:contribs 53:Wikitext 2557:virorum 2230:octopus 2226:platypi 2222:octopus 2202:octopus 2190:octopod 2067:, from 2055:octōpūs 1982:octopus 1974:Octopus 1967:virions 1951:viruses 1936:viruses 1924:viruses 1886:vīrōrum 1837:plural 1809:pelagus 1724:viruses 1706:syllabi 1673:omnibus 1637:corpora 1589:History 1583:indexes 1579:indices 1563:formula 1555:corpora 1543:alumnus 1508:octopus 1451:English 1381:|title= 220:Line 1: 217:Line 1: 2688:(2006) 2623: 2551:vira, 2547:viri, 2526:Pons: 2344:, the 2342:priora 2318:) and 2276:cactus 2267:cactus 2176:octopi 2156:octopi 2150:lists 2142:octopi 2136:lists 2123:octopi 2049:octopi 2033:octopi 2031:lists 2020:octopi 1997:, and 1994:octopi 1961:does. 1893:dative 1805:pelage 1780:was a 1688:, and 1682:dative 1659:tribūs 1645:tribus 1629:corpus 1621:neuter 1551:corpus 1547:alumni 1541:) and 1535:radius 1529:, and 1523:campus 1504:octopi 1479:campus 1453:, the 1389:FAQ }} 1385:|work= 64:Inline 46:Visual 2528:virus 2356:Lexus 2352:Lexus 2338:prius 2330:Prius 2325:Elvis 2272:cacti 2242:sheep 2059:is a 1959:virii 1942:is a 1940:virii 1932:virii 1928:virii 1916:virii 1907:vīrīs 1880:vīrus 1854:vīrus 1813:virus 1789:vīrus 1774:Vīrus 1768:virii 1751:virus 1736:virii 1720:virus 1713:Virus 1696:is a 1686:omnis 1680:(and 1651:sinūs 1641:sinus 1633:opera 1575:index 1539:radii 1527:bonus 1468:with 1462:Latin 1379:.html 178:edits 123:edits 121:9,930 2760:2005 2621:ISBN 2579:2010 2425:2023 2400:2018 2334:Prii 2320:Elvi 2246:fish 2158:and 2140:and 2039:and 2025:The 1957:nor 1955:viri 1920:Perl 1902:vīrō 1871:vīrī 1859:vīra 1766:and 1764:viri 1759:viri 1744:Viri 1732:viri 1655:and 1643:and 1635:and 1627:and 1625:opus 1531:anus 1500:e.g. 1474:e.g. 165:talk 151:undo 146:edit 105:talk 91:edit 2365:The 2306:-us 2302:-ii 2244:or 2129:. 2095:). 1822:In 1801:-um 1797:-us 1776:in 1755:web 1742:. 1722:is 1668:bus 1614:cf. 1610:-us 1602:-us 1561:), 1557:or 1488:-us 1466:-us 1457:-us 1449:In 1377:g63 198:Tag 2773:: 2751:. 2416:. 2391:. 2371:. 2298:-i 2185:. 2154:, 2035:, 1991:, 1985:: 1946:. 1878:: 1817:-a 1663:. 1606:-i 1525:, 1502:, 1498:, 1496:-i 1492:-i 1476:, 1470:-i 1329:== 1325:== 1318:== 1314:== 1012:* 989:* 969:* 894:|} 887:|} 768:|- 724:|- 639:|- 632:|- 561:{| 200:: 189:: 176:41 167:| 107:| 2762:. 2581:. 2427:. 2402:. 2089:( 2075:( 1965:" 1882:) 1728:i 1577:( 1565:( 1553:( 1545:( 1537:( 1435:] 1371:* 1360:* 1349:* 679:- 677:| 588:} 586:| 171:) 163:( 111:) 103:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index