1337:
and agents from the contra- guerrilla throw bombs to the exit of the
University of Istanbul and open fire upon the people with machineguns. 6 democrats die and 50 students are wounded. A number of the MHP attacks are jointly organized by the MHP, MIT and the contra-guerrilla, in seeming random acts they have cost the live of thousands of people. Women, children and the elderly are murdered at random. Shops and houses are set on fire. A significant portion of its public activity in general, is dedicated to spreading anti-Kurdish hatred.
1862:
Romano
Valentino, Cail Francesco, Vona Giuseppe, Demaine Andrew, Papiha Surinder, Triantaphyllides Costas, Stefanescu Gheorghe, Hatina Jiri, Belledi Michele, Di Rienzo Anna, Novelletto Andrea, Oppenheim Ariella, Norby Soren, Al-Zaheri Nadia, Santachiara-Benerecetti Silvana, Scozzari Rosaria, Torroni Antonio, & Bandelt Hans Jurgen. (2000). Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool. American Journal of Human Genetics, 67, p.1251-1276.
71:
1000:. The economics editor of another Young Turk newspaper, The Turkish Homeland, was overseen by Alexander Helphand Parvus (1869-1924), reputed to have been a double agent (Russian and British). There has been speculation of Parvus being involved in arms smuggling for the Turkish army during the Balkan wars (before World War One). See Zeman & Scharlau in references for further details.
1336:
Thousands of acts of political assassination, random murders, and attacks against mostly
Kurdish targets. A common attack occurred in May of 1977, in Istanbul. 39 workers were shot by fascists and driven over by armored cars, more than 200 other workers were wounded. On March 10, 1978 MHP-fascists
1240:
must have been âTurkishâ for time immemorial. This means that any race that has ever lived in
Central Asia, Anatolia and Northern Iran for thousands of years before the historical Turkish arrivals have always been âTurksâ. There is no acknowledgement of the fact that the Turks arrived as invaders who
937:
national, Emmanuel
Carasso (possibly a pseudonym). Carasso was involved in the setting up of the Young Turk Society in Thessaloniki (which was then under Turkish rule - now in Greece) with Turkish nationalists (see Arai in References). Strangely, Carasso was also involved in another project called
1861:
Richards Martin, Macaulay
Vincent, Hickey Eileen, Vega Emilce, Sykes Bryan, Guida Valentina, Rengo Chiara, Sellitto Daniele, Cruciani Fulvio, Kivisild Toomas, Villerns Richard, Thomas Mark, Rychkov Serge, Rychkov Oksana, Rychkov Yuri, Golge Mukaddes, Dimitrov Dimitar, Hill Emmeline, Bradley Dan,
1008:
of these men has been confined to a select group of historians; not much is known in wider academia, popular knowledge, and especially among the Turks in general. Nevertheless, a
British intelligence officer of World War One, John Buchan, has written a novel (see references) in which a number of
971:
It must be noted that
Carasso was no mere lowly official. His post in the Young Turk movement was crucial (see photo below-left of a Young Turk parliament session in 1908 Istanbul). It was Carasso who informed Sultan Abdul Hamid (1842-1918) that he had been overthrown, and took the initiative in
1323:
The "Hollanda Turk
Federasyon" which organized a congress, is one of the many cover- organizations of the MHP abroad. The Turkish state has made it its goal to estrange the European population from the Kurdish national liberation struggle and the democratic forces of Turkey. The Grey Wolves
1602:
Robbins notes that the interpretation of history in Turkey is characterized by rigidity, partly a result of the traumatic period between 1918-1923. The success of the new republic which arose from the ashes of the
Ottoman Empire and the constant eulogizing of Attaturk and those who fought for
1640:
and historical societies. For an insight into the activities of Akcura in this regard see F. Georgeon, Aux Origines du Nationalisme Turc: Yusuf Akcura (1876-1935) (Paris: Institut dâEtudes Anatoliennes, 1980), p.234-236. Agaogluâs activities can be examined in Frank Tachau, âThe Search for
992:, and despite much hype and speculation, his links with foreign intelligence organizations remain unclear. The editorial content of the Young Turk Newspaper was also overseen by a Dutchman by the name of Jacob Kann. Kann was intimately connected to the
63:
157:
972:
placing him under house arrest. Even when the Young Turks themselves were overthrown very shortly thereafter, Carasso retained his position of importance: he was in charge of food distribution networks in the Ottoman Empire during the First World
641:
racism and Nazism; philosophies from which the Grey Wolves and pan-Turanian ideologues have drawn much of their inspiration. Like the Nazis in the 1930s and 1940s, the pan Turanian Turks envision their Turan super-state, in terms of âlebensraumâ
492:, and in this quest, have tragically misled many well-intentioned but naĂŻve individuals. Many believe in a series of facts, events and a past history that never was. Veracity is falling victim to racialism, especially in the inherent anti-
1291:
No known ties to other terrorist organizations, although the MHP does receive training indirectly from GSG-9. They also maintain ties with MIT (Turkish Intelligence) and are believed to have ties to Islamic fundamentalists.
1232:, Language & Race. Turkish racialists fail to make any distinction between facts on the ground today with past history. Simply put, this is the logic that if Turkish speakers reside in a particular area âXâ today, then the
504:'s highly educated scholars, politicians (e.g. the late Turgut Ozal), businessmen, students and laypeople. The issue is pan-Turanism, not Turks as a people, culture or society. What is being critically examined here is the
1201:(esp. Oghuzz West Turkic) spread very rapidly across Central Asia, the Caucasus, northern Persia and Anatolia. This was done through the process of Elite Dominance; the spread of a language by way of a small minority of
508:
of pan-Turanism and its offspring, the racially chauvinistic Grey Wolf movement. It must be made clear that we are equally critical of the futility of other chauvinistic movements such as Nordicist/Neo-Nazi movements,
1316:
Alparslan Turkes , founder, Azmi Karamahmutoglu , President, Mehmet Aslan , President in Cyprus, Kenan Akin , minister of agriculture, forests and natural resources, Erdal Emanet , commander of the special forces.
1009:
these characters appear. The head of the whole operation is identified by Buchan as having been a certain âAubrey Herbertâ. Aubrey Herbert (1880-1923) was in fact one of the key intelligence officers operating in the
1616:
This quote follows the preface of Mustafa Kemal Attaturk, The Speech, translated and abridged by Onder Renkliyildirim (Istanbul: Metro Publishers), p.4. Also cited in Robins, Philip, 2003, Suits and Uniforms, p.93.
703:
Turks, but by a man of European descent. His name was Arminius (Hermann) Vambery (1832-1913), a Hungarian Professor, philologist and traveler who worked an as advisor to the Ottoman Sultan between 1857-1863
487:
diplomacy is using pan-Turanism to promote a nefarious and self-serving economic agenda. Pan-Turanian activists, supported by politically motivated western academic outlets, are literally re-narrating world
950:
intelligence was implicated in both of these projects. Although circumstantial information for this exists, no solid proof of this particular allegation has appeared at this time. What is certain is the
1809:
617:, anthropological and archeological evidence for such an empire exists. Pan-Turanian racialists and historians would beg to differ. They are impervious to logical explanations even in the face of hard
1285:
Fascist/right wing terrorist organization, that frequently carries out terrorist acts on its own ideology against mainly Kurdish targets. Although centered in Turkey it has 80 branches worldwide.
1846:
Paksoy, H.B. (1991). âBasmachiâ: TurkestanNational Liberation Movement 1916-1930s. In Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union (Vol 4). Florida: Academic International Press.
15:
625:âracial sciencesâ, or Stalinist âHistoryâ, has failed to convince the majority of western scholars to its cause, and has been as equally unsuccessful in Eastern Europe, with the exception of
1138:
Archival research, anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and academia in general have failed to provide historical veracity for the Gray Wolf myth. There are two general problems as well.
687:
officials were becoming aware of their sense of âTurkishnessâ is beyond doubt of course, and the role of subsequent nationalists, such as Ziya Gokalp is fully established historically.
1887:
Zeman, Zbynek & Scharlau, Winfried (1965), The merchant of revolution. The life of Alexander Israel Helphand (Parvus). London: Oxford University Press. See especially pages 125-144.
1330:
Smallarms, explosives and all variety of military equipment. Excellent training (German GSG-9) and training facilities. Excellent intelligence and support from Turkish intelligence.
1182:
in the 11th century AD, all of the civilizations they claim to have founded had long since vanished. Turkish expansions began in the 6th Century AD â important pockets such as the
164:
100:
1158:. When did this Gray Wolf roar take place? If true, this must have happened thousands of years ago, virtually at the dawn of human history, as the Turks now claim that the
1693:
712:
Foreign office. It was during his tenure at the Sultanâs court when Vambery first made mention of the fiction of a pan-Turanian superstate to his Turkish hosts in
1540:â. This may have been an attempt at offsetting European âOrientalismâ (see Edward Said in References) â the need to confront Nordicist notions of Near Eastern â
1122:
building. This symbol is often evoked in Turkish political rallies and popular venues (i.e. Soccer games). Grey Wolf activists are attempting to export this
835:
Empire had wanted to appropriate Turkish oil assets in Mesopotamia for at least a decade before the First World War (see William Engdahl in References). The
1794:
1759:
1631:
acting as historians first occurred during the Young Turk movement. Notable are figures such as Ahmed Agaoglu, Yusuf Akcura, Ziya Gokalp, Fuad Korpulu.
447:. Georgeon and Landau extended Pan-Turanism, however, to be not only unity of all Turks, but also unity of Turks with Hungarians, Mongolians and Finns.
1142:
The first problem is that of logic. No major human population movement has ever been led by an animal such as a Gray Wolf, for the simple reason that
1769:
791:. His expertise on languages and ethnology served the British Foreign Office very well indeed: a racialist idea was formed that would allow for the
1653:
Taner Timur, âThe Ottoman heritageâ in Irvin C. Schick and Ertugrul Ahmet Tonak (eds.), Turkey in Transition (Oxford University Press, 1987), p.6.
1683:
1784:
1688:
204:
140:
1744:
1665:â had already been incorporated into various school textbooks since 1929. See also Poulton, H. Top Hat, Grey Wolf and Crescent, 1997, P.101.
933:, a fact which contributed to much subsequent bloodshed and tragedy, both during the war and after. Even less known is the role played by an
1877:
Toynbee, A.J. (1917). Report on the Pan-Turanian Movement. London: Intelligence Bureau Department of Information, Admiralty, L/MIL/17/16/23.
811:
Intelligence), who was also one of the first to advocate a âYoung Turkâ movement. The Blunts are reputed to have been the founders of the
578:
1698:
654:, Abulfazl Elchibey (1938-2000), a Grey Wolf sympathizer himself, is reputed to have stated that ââŠthe road to Turkistan runs through
570:
1423:
Pan-Turanian ideologues have placed a very high priority on re-inventing past history. Much of this is based on the founder of the
803:
Equally as interesting is the role played by Wilfred Blunt, known by some as the âgreat-grandfatherâ of pan-Arabism (of the later
699:
to service wider geopolitical interests. It is truly an irony that the idea of a Turanian empire never originated amongst the
942:
Resurrectedâ. Although many details remain classified, some believe that the headquarters of the Young Turk Movement and the
1851:
Poulton, H. (1997). Top Hat, Grey Wolf, and Crescent: Turkish Nationalism and the Turkish Republic. London, England: Hurst.
739:), this then necessitated the formation of âTuranâ. It has been speculated that Vamberyâs mission was to create an anti-
72:
1029:
revolt, is reputed to have noted of Herbertâs complicity in helping the rise of the short-lived Young Turk movement in
175:
111:
1485:
Language Theoryâ). These efforts are propelled by the aforementioned Turkish Historical Society, which has spawned a â
152:
93:
31:
28:
1622:
Poulton, H. Top Hat, Grey Wolf and Crescent, 1997, P.110-114. Robins, Philip, 2003, Suits and Uniforms, p.93-95.
1427:
Republic, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk (1881-1938), who stated that: âWriting history is as important as making historyâ
1364:
have not only re-narrated a whole new version of world history, but have set new frontiers in the disciplines of
242:'''Gray Wolves''' (Also... Some alternate names are aliases, other are names for specific subgroups or cells).
235:'''Gray Wolves''' (Also... Some alternate names are aliases, other are names for specific subgroups or cells).
831:
Empire by encouraging break away movements among its many nationalities. Although not generally reported, the
1636:
Key political figures Agaoglu, Gokalp, and Akcura both believed in the need for close cooperation between the
675:
Pan-Turanism is perhaps one of the last racialist movements that first began in the 19th century. Traditional
926:
were also promised statehood and independence. Their historical claims however, overlapped with those of the
1882:
Zenkovsky, S. A. (1960). Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. Cambridge-Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1434:
of past history began with full vigor during the first decades of the newly independent Turkish Republic
683:
officers and intelligentsia studying and residing in 1870s Imperial Germany. The fact that many Ottoman
984:
Vladimir Jacobsky became the editor of the Young Turk Newspaper (the owner of the paper was of course
148:
89:
1900:
1569:
The final objective is to conclusively âproveâ that virtually all great civilizations of the past
1046:
Pan-Turanian activists have developed a fascinating mythology with respect to the origins of the
1841:
Lewis, B. (1998). The Multiple identities of the Middle East. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1247:(Also... Some alternate names are aliases, other are names for specific subgroups or cells).
878:
composition. This was adroitly exploited to achieve its destruction from within. The role of TE
1779:
1603:
Turkish independence. See Philip Robins, Suits and Uniforms: Turkish Foreign Policy Since the
171:
107:
1324:
control a segment of the Turkish political organization namely the National Movement Party.
823:
intelligence regarding the Young Turk movement is also revealing (see Toynbee in References).
1799:
1210:
Gray Wolf activists and pan-Turanian ideologues in general, habitually confuse the following:
479:. If unchecked, Pan-Turanism may become as dangerous to international peace and stability as
66:
1460:(The Turkish Historical Society) was in fact a branch of the CHF (Republican Peopleâs Party)
882:(of Arabia) in this endeavor is popular knowledge, however less known is the role played by
443:, is a political movement for the union of all Turkic peoples, and as such is equivalent to
1856:
Richards, G. (1997). âRaceâ, Racism and Psychology: Towards a Reflexive History. Routledge.
8:
1749:
1710:
1054:
of a certain âBoz Kurtâ (Gray Wolf) who roared out to the ancestors of the Turks and the
955:
role in the setting up of the Young Turks and the Macedonia Resurrected project (an anti-
827:
Just as pan-Turanism was invented, British intelligence was plotting to disintegrate the
1470:
has established a number of well funded associations that focus on language and history
1449:â who attended the congress hailed from political backgrounds with little or no formal
976:. Carasso is also reputed to have helped run the Ottoman intelligence services in the
1826:
Farrokh, Kaveh (2005) Pan-Turanianism takes aim at Azerbaijan: A geopolitical agenda.
1804:
1754:
1343:
This was taken from CIA, Interpol, EuroTer sources on the Gray Wolves organization.
1174:
however, are newcomers in the historical sense: By the time they had arrived in the
1836:
Lewis, B. (1962). The Emergence of Modern Turkey. London: Oxford UniverÂsity Press.
1518:-building along European parameters â Turkey was to become a west European state.
16:
1066:. The Gray Wolf then allegedly pointed the way west and south: presumably against
196:
132:
1821:
Atabaki, Touraj (2000). Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran.
839:
Empire was one of the major geopolitical obstacles to the intended projection of
1831:
Landau, J.M. (1995). Pan-Tukism: From Irredentism to Cooperation. London: Hurst.
1099:
723:) could form a political entity stretching from the Altai Mountains in Eastern
1453:
graduate training as historians, anthropologists, archaeologists or linguists
1894:
1789:
1563:
1430:(see also H. Poulton and P. Robins in references). The re-interpretation and
47:
1872:
Searle-White, J. (2001). The Psychology of Nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan.
1764:
1734:
1729:
1413:
1373:
1119:
1063:
788:
732:
589:
pan-Turanist activists go even further. They have proposed that the entire
1724:
1719:
1714:
1628:
1489:
History Thesis and Sun Language Theoryâ (originally proposed in the 1932
1369:
1365:
1010:
959:
movement since its inception). There are striking parallels between the â
521:
Well what is pan-Turanism exactly? Too simply put it, pan-Turanism is an
444:
1481:
validation for pan-Turanian ideologies, (e.g. Mustafa Kemal Attaturkâs â
735:
used Turkic languages as their main vernacular (except Persian speaking
1637:
1505:
1478:
1446:
1155:
996:
government; he conducted the personal banking of the king and queen of
964:
768:
736:
651:
630:
614:
505:
1241:
displaced or linguistically assimilated already resident populations.
1150:
do and do not understand notions such as nation-building or conquest.
1739:
1541:
1431:
1401:
1229:
1198:
1175:
1163:
1159:
1123:
1079:
960:
943:
939:
923:
919:
899:
891:
847:
484:
621:. (G. Richards, 1997 and J. Searle-White, 2001). Pan-Turanism, like
1774:
1671:
1658:
1645:
1642:
1604:
1577:
1573:
1549:
1537:
1533:
1490:
1450:
1409:
1361:
1220:
1202:
1179:
1131:
1115:
1075:
1071:
1030:
952:
887:
879:
867:
851:
843:
792:
772:
748:
713:
638:
618:
590:
550:
522:
500:
Pan-Turanian activists have made significant inroads among many of
1353:
Pan-Turanism has invented its own version of historical narcissism
1648:
Among the Turksâ, Die Welt Des Islams, vol.8, no.3, 1963, p.174.
1556:, etc.) being racially and culturally inferior to the Europeans.
1486:
1474:
1457:
1438:
1424:
1405:
1389:
1357:
1233:
1191:
1167:
1091:
1087:
1059:
1018:
1013:
during World War One, fought in the doomed Gallipoli invasion of
1005:
997:
985:
977:
947:
934:
927:
911:
907:
883:
871:
855:
840:
836:
832:
828:
820:
816:
808:
780:
756:
709:
700:
692:
684:
680:
676:
626:
594:
586:
562:
530:
510:
493:
489:
480:
472:
464:
1662:
1608:
1589:
1585:
1529:
1515:
1501:
1467:
1442:
1237:
1195:
1147:
1143:
1111:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1067:
1051:
1022:
1014:
903:
875:
859:
784:
776:
760:
740:
659:
655:
647:
643:
610:
598:
574:
566:
546:
538:
534:
526:
501:
468:
460:
197:ââ'''The Myth of the Grey Wolf'''
133:ââ'''The Myth of the Grey Wolf'''
1477:
of these institutions is to produce historical narratives and
1025:. TE Lawrence, the key foreign instigator of the anti-Turkish
731:
Vamberyâs thesis was based on the observation that as much of
1581:
1553:
1545:
1525:
1417:
1381:
1377:
1310:
A democracy overseen by a leader and a variety of ministers.
1187:
1171:
1047:
993:
989:
956:
930:
895:
804:
796:
744:
720:
696:
606:
602:
582:
558:
554:
476:
455:
Pan-Turanism is a racialist movement that not only threatens
763:
and Central Asia (see also S. A. Zenkovsky in References).
1385:
1216:
1194:
had already penetrated Europe a few hundred years earlier.
1183:
1127:
1055:
1026:
812:
767:
Vambery retired as a professor of eastern languages at the
752:
724:
622:
613:
known as âTuraniaâ. Apart from non-scholastic websites, no
542:
514:
456:
1482:
1110:, it was this Gray Wolf that awakened the Turks to their
973:
775:
between 1865-1905. He wrote many books on his travels to
691:
What is far less known (or acknowledged) is the role of
650:
speaking peoples. The late president of the Republic of
1346:
496:
agenda propelled by geopolitical Petroleum diplomacy.
1867:
Said, E. (1979). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
54:
1562:
Turks are to be presented as the heirs of nearly all
1456:. It is noteworthy that The Turkish History Research
1396:
Here are some descriptions of some of their beliefs.
858:
Gulf. The other âobstacleâ was (and potentially is)
708:
Vambery was in the employ of Lord Palmerston of the
695:(non-Turkish) interests in the manipulation of the
483:fundamentalism has became today. Geopolitics and
1892:
1356:. One may say that pan-Turanism has produced a â
637:Much of pan-Turanian ideology is similar to pan-
450:
671:A Brief Note on the Origins of Pan-Turanianism.
1504:â has been founded on three basic ideological
1437:. This educational objective led to the First
946:Resurrected movement were identical, and that
553:, Central Asia up to and including northwest
1039:
190:
126:
898:were also mobilized and by 1905, a âmap of
401:'''Type:'''Political terrorist organization
1126:to foreign countries; especially Northern
963:Resurrectedâ and the subsequent âGreater
886:intelligence in the fomenting of earlier
561:behind this is that all people who speak
517:chauvinism and religious Fundamentalism.
1223:. (Azerbaijanis are Turkic by race).
1058:to migrate west from their homelands in
914:complicity behind Kurdish separatism.
658:â. Tabriz has been an integral part of
1893:
1445:in 1932. The majority of the leading â
665:
1588:(see h-j, l-m) are either Turkish in
432:Revision as of 06:48, 2 December 2005
149:Revision as of 06:48, 2 December 2005
90:Revision as of 06:45, 2 December 2005
1704:
1348:Some of the Beliefs of Pan-Turanism.
475:and even (to a more limited extent)
80:
46:
1592:or have been founded by the Turks.
1360:â that is incredible. Pan-Turanian
203:
189:
163:
146:
139:
125:
99:
87:
13:
1536:. This was part of becoming more â
1473:(see T. Timur in References). The
755:â which they were playing against
434:
278:'''The National Movement Party'''
271:'''The National Movement Party'''
35:
1912:
1278:Political terrorist organization
1166:(e), and so on; all have Turkish
988:). Jacobsky had been educated in
352:'''Milliyetci Calisma Partisi'''
345:'''Milliyetci Calisma Partisi'''
296:'''Milliyetci Hareket Partisi'''
289:'''Milliyetci Hareket Partisi'''
1670:Robins, Philip, 2003, Suits and
1017:in 1915, and was fluent in both
819:. Arnold J. Toynbeeâs report to
799:for a very long time to come.
679:cites its early origins amongst
529:super state stretching from the
394:Political terrorist organization
894:nationalism (Noel Buxton). The
565:must be incorporated into this
1466:At present, the government of
1154:The second problem is that of
890:nationalism (Lady Dunham) and
1:
1815:
1810:Niyazi Yıldırım GençosmanoÄlu
743:racialist movement among the
451:What is Pan-Turanism exactly?
430:
397:
387:
366:
357:
348:
339:
334:'''National Workers Party'''
328:
325:'''National Workers Party'''
319:
310:
301:
292:
283:
274:
265:
256:
247:
1334:Suspected Criminal Activity:
646:for âliving spaceâ) for all
18:Browse history interactively
7:
1677:
1252:The National Movement Party
260:'''National Action Party'''
253:'''National Action Party'''
10:
1917:
1268:Milliyetci Calisma Partisi
1255:Milliyetci Hareket Partisi
1162:(c), Greece-Anatolia (d),
1146:are not able to reason as
194:
130:
1041:The Myth of the Grey Wolf
214:
211:
145:
86:
1205:upon alien populations.
662:for thousands of years.
525:that aims at creating a
1607:, Hurst & Company,
1380:, one on par with the â
1321:Legitimate Connections:
585:, 1962 in References).
85:
1263:National Workers Party
747:that would divert the
569:super state (see also
1249:National Action Party
874:Empire was its multi-
862:, present-day Iran.
727:to the BosphorusâŠ" .
795:manipulation of the
629:and the Republic of
1750:Sadri Maksudi Arsal
1711:Huseyin Nihal Atsiz
918:Interestingly, the
902:â soon appeared in
666:History of Turanism
537:, eastwards across
1627:The phenomenon of
910:officials suspect
161:
97:
1780:Reha OÄuz TĂŒrkkan
1760:Reha Oguz Turkkan
1755:Zeki Velidi Togan
1705:Key personalities
1694:ElbirliÄi DerneÄi
1106:According to the
854:primacy into the
593:landmass between
429:
147:
88:
68:
1908:
1800:Alparslan TĂŒrkeĆ
1528:as the basis of
1384:Physicsâ of the
1302:Operating Since:
751:from the âGreat
513:chauvinism, Pan-
201:
200:
199:
192:
184:
179:
160:
155:
137:
136:
135:
128:
120:
115:
96:
69:
60:
59:
57:
52:
50:
42:
39:
21:
19:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1891:
1890:
1818:
1795:Fethi TevetoÄlu
1770:Fethi Tevetoglu
1707:
1680:
1392:(1920s-1940s).
1351:
1281:
1265:
1226:
1208:
1153:
1141:
1137:
1105:
1044:
1036:
1003:
983:
970:
917:
865:
826:
802:
766:
730:
707:
690:
668:
636:
520:
499:
453:
426:
421:
414:
409:
402:
395:
393:
383:
378:
371:
364:
362:
353:
346:
344:
335:
333:
326:
324:
315:
308:
306:
297:
290:
288:
279:
272:
270:
261:
254:
252:
243:
236:
227:
222:
207:
202:
195:
193:
188:
187:
186:
182:
169:
167:
162:
156:
151:
143:
141:â Previous edit
138:
131:
129:
124:
123:
122:
118:
105:
103:
98:
92:
84:
83:
82:
81:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
74:
65:
61:
55:
53:
48:
45:
43:
40:
38:Content deleted
37:
34:
29:â Previous edit
26:
25:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1914:
1904:
1903:
1901:Turkic peoples
1889:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1350:
1345:
1261:
1100:Western Europe
1050:. This is the
1043:
1038:
906:. Even today,
667:
664:
452:
449:
433:
428:
427:
424:
422:
419:
416:
415:
412:
410:
407:
404:
403:
400:
398:
396:
392:
390:
388:
385:
384:
381:
379:
376:
373:
372:
369:
367:
365:
361:
360:
358:
355:
354:
351:
349:
347:
343:
342:
340:
337:
336:
332:
331:
329:
327:
323:
322:
320:
317:
316:
313:
311:
309:
305:
304:
302:
299:
298:
295:
293:
291:
287:
286:
284:
281:
280:
277:
275:
273:
269:
268:
266:
263:
262:
259:
257:
255:
251:
250:
248:
245:
244:
241:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
225:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
181:
180:
165:
144:
117:
116:
101:
70:
64:
62:
44:
36:
27:
23:
22:
14:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1913:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Nejdet Sancar
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Turanian Army
1682:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:(see c), the
1575:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:civilizations
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1532:and national
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1289:Affiliations:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
981:
979:
975:
968:
967:â movements.
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
945:
941:
936:
932:
929:
925:
921:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
842:
838:
834:
830:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
728:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
705:
702:
698:
694:
688:
686:
682:
678:
673:
672:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
601:in Europe to
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
518:
516:
512:
507:
503:
497:
495:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
448:
446:
442:
438:
431:
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:
399:
389:
386:
382:
380:
377:
375:
374:
368:
359:
356:
350:
341:
338:
330:
321:
318:
312:
303:
300:
294:
285:
282:
276:
267:
264:
258:
249:
246:
240:
238:
233:
231:
230:
226:
224:
221:
219:
218:
210:
206:
198:
177:
173:
168:
159:
154:
150:
142:
134:
113:
109:
104:
95:
91:
73:
58:
51:
41:Content added
33:
30:
20:
1805:DĂŒndar TaĆer
1785:Turan Yazgan
1765:Hikmet Tanyu
1735:Fuat Koprulu
1730:Yusuf Akcura
1668:
1667:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1441:Congress in
1435:
1428:
1422:
1414:civilization
1399:
1395:
1394:
1374:anthropology
1354:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1227:
1225:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1152:
1140:
1136:
1120:civilization
1104:
1064:Central Asia
1045:
1040:
1035:
1004:Much of the
1002:
982:
969:
916:
870:heel of the
864:
825:
801:
789:Central Asia
765:
733:Central Asia
729:
719:"âŠthey (the
718:
706:
689:
674:
670:
669:
635:
609:was once an
519:
498:
454:
441:Pan-Turanism
440:
436:
435:
166:Aryan Khadem
102:Aryan Khadem
1745:Resit Galib
1725:Ziya Gokalp
1720:Enver Pasha
1715:Nihal Atsiz
1629:politicians
1370:archaeology
1366:linguistics
1245:Gray Wolves
1011:Middle East
445:Pan-Turkism
391:'''Type:'''
205:Next edit â
32:Next edit â
1816:References
1638:government
1524:Rejecting
1506:principles
1479:linguistic
1447:historians
1388:regime of
1328:Resources:
1308:Structure:
1296:Personnel:
1156:chronology
965:Azerbaijan
807:Office of
769:University
737:Tajikestan
652:Azerbaijan
631:Azerbaijan
615:linguistic
506:philosophy
1740:Afet Inan
1689:YĂŒce Erek
1661:of this â
1611:, p.104.
1542:Orientals
1432:invention
1402:Inventors
1230:Geography
1199:languages
1176:Near East
1164:Etruscans
1160:Sumerians
1124:mythology
1080:Near East
961:Macedonia
944:Macedonia
940:Macedonia
924:Assyrians
920:Armenians
900:Kurdistan
892:Bulgarian
848:political
587:Hungarian
581:1960 and
579:Zenkovsky
485:petroleum
370:'''MCP'''
363:'''MCP'''
314:'''MHP'''
307:'''MHP'''
1895:Category
1775:Riza Nur
1699:Ilterish
1678:See also
1674:, p.93.
1672:Uniforms
1659:Elements
1646:Identity
1643:National
1605:Cold War
1578:Hittites
1574:Sumerian
1572:such as
1550:Persians
1538:European
1534:identity
1491:congress
1451:academic
1410:language
1362:scholars
1314:Leaders:
1236:of that
1221:Language
1203:warriors
1180:Anatolia
1132:Caucasus
1130:and the
1116:conquest
1076:Caucasus
1072:Anatolia
1031:Istanbul
953:European
888:Albanian
880:Lawrence
868:Achilles
852:economic
844:military
793:European
773:Budapest
749:Russians
714:Istanbul
639:Germanic
619:evidence
591:Eurasian
577:, 1995,
573:, 2001,
551:Caucasus
523:ideology
437:Turanism
215:Line 84:
212:Line 84:
176:contribs
112:contribs
56:Wikitext
1487:Turkish
1475:mission
1458:Society
1439:History
1425:Turkish
1406:culture
1390:Germany
1358:history
1341:Source:
1298:26000
1234:history
1192:Khazars
1168:origins
1092:Balkans
1088:Ukraine
1060:Siberia
1019:Turkish
1006:history
998:Holland
986:Turkish
978:Balkans
948:British
935:Italian
928:Ottoman
912:British
908:Turkish
884:British
872:Ottoman
856:Persian
841:British
837:Ottoman
833:British
829:Ottoman
821:British
817:England
809:British
781:Armenia
757:Britain
710:British
701:Ottoman
693:foreign
685:Turkish
681:Ottoman
677:history
627:Hungary
595:Hungary
571:Atabaki
563:Turkish
549:), the
531:Balkans
511:Persian
494:Persian
490:history
481:Islamic
473:Ukraine
465:Armenia
1663:Thesis
1609:London
1596:Notes:
1590:origin
1586:Persia
1530:ethnic
1516:Nation
1502:Thesis
1468:Turkey
1463:.
1443:Ankara
1283:Scope:
1238:region
1196:Turkic
1170:. The
1148:humans
1144:beasts
1112:legacy
1108:legend
1096:Greece
1090:, the
1084:Russia
1078:, the
1074:, the
1068:Persia
1052:legend
1023:Arabic
1015:Turkey
904:London
876:ethnic
860:Persia
785:Persia
777:Turkey
761:Persia
741:Slavic
660:Persia
656:Tabriz
648:Turkic
644:German
611:empire
599:Norway
575:Landau
567:Turkic
557:. The
547:Persia
539:Turkey
535:Europe
527:Turkic
502:Turkey
469:Russia
461:Greece
459:, but
67:Inline
49:Visual
1582:Egypt
1554:Arabs
1546:Turks
1526:Islam
1500:The â
1418:Turks
1416:were
1382:Aryan
1378:logic
1304:1961
1276:Type:
1188:Avars
1172:Turks
1048:Turks
994:Dutch
990:Italy
957:Greek
931:Kurds
896:Kurds
805:Cairo
797:Turks
745:Turks
721:Turks
697:Turks
607:Korea
603:Japan
583:Lewis
559:logic
555:China
477:China
439:, or
185:edits
121:edits
1560:(a3)
1522:(a2)
1513:(a1)
1412:and
1400:The
1386:Nazi
1376:and
1219:and
1217:Race
1190:and
1184:Huns
1178:and
1128:Iran
1118:and
1098:and
1062:and
1056:Huns
1027:Arab
1021:and
922:and
866:The
850:and
813:Bank
787:and
753:Game
725:Asia
716::
623:Nazi
605:and
597:and
543:Iran
515:Arab
457:Iran
172:talk
158:undo
153:edit
108:talk
94:edit
1713:or
1483:Sun
1404:of
1271:MCP
1258:MHP
1134:.
1114:of
1102:.
980:.
974:War
815:of
771:of
759:in
633:.
533:in
183:118
119:118
1897::
1584:,
1580:,
1566:.
1552:,
1548:,
1544:â
1496:.
1420:.
1408:,
1372:,
1368:,
1186:,
1094:,
1086:,
1082:,
1070:,
1033:.
846:,
783:,
779:,
541:,
471:,
467:,
463:,
174:|
110:|
1508::
1493:)
938:â
642:(
545:(
191:m
178:)
170:(
127:m
114:)
106:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.