825:
2372:
1317:
1034:
1977:
2733:
2709:
1488:
78:
3507:
8059:
90:
3386:
105:
1863:
124:
3161:
2285:
3515:
2180:
1553:
727:
4932:), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (
2524:
3172:
3301:
from the northern part of former East
Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes
2438:
in the province, with their numbers gradually increasing, but due to the influx of forced laborers of other nationalities, their overall percentage declined from 90% in 1940 to 62% in 1944. Most Polish forced laborers in the province were deported from the pre-war Polish territories annexed into the
2841:
During the Polish post-war census of
December 1950, data about the pre-war places of residence of the inhabitants as of August 1939 was collected. In case of children born between September 1939 and December 1950, their origin was reported based on the pre-war places of residence of their mothers.
2684:
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East
Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning, and the German population of East
2622:
However, most of the German inhabitants, which then consisted primarily of women, children and old men, did manage to escape the Red Army as part of the largest exodus of people in human history: "A population which had stood at 2.2 million in 1940 was reduced to 193,000 at the end of May 1945."
9397:
Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen
Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen
8522:"Rbz. Allenstein: 10.1.1920 Abtretung des Kreises Neidenburg (teilweise) an Polen; 15.8.1920 Abtretung der Landgemeinden Groschken, Groß Lehwalde (teilweise), Klein Lobenstein (teilweise), Gut Nappern und der Gutsbezirke Groß Grieben (teilweise) und Klein Nappern (teilweise) an Polen"
1675:
After the
Russian army's first invasion the majority of the civilian population fled westwards, while several thousand remaining civilians were deported to Russia. Treatment of civilians by both armies was mostly disciplined, although 74 civilians were killed by Russian troops in the
2806:. The latter counted in 1950 689,000 inhabitants, 22.6% of them coming from areas annexed by the Soviet Union, 10% Ukrainians, and 18.5% of them pre-war inhabitants. It was dissolved in 1975 to form three smaller units: a much smaller homonymous Olsztyn Voivodeship, the bulk of
4921:) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the
2647:, pending a final peace conference with Germany. Since a peace conference never took place, the region was effectively ceded by Germany. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of
1538:
10%, while East
Prussia lost 0.07% and West Prussia 0.86%. This stagnancy in population despite a high birth surplus in eastern Germany was because many people from the East Prussian countryside moved westward to seek work in the expanding industrial centres of the
3264:
were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new
Russian names, with only a few instances of use of historical names, such as
2842:
Thanks to this data it is possible to reconstruct the pre-war geographical origin of the post-war population. The same area corresponding to pre-war southern parts of East
Prussia (which became Polish in 1945) was inhabited in December 1950 by:
1020:
decided to go to war with the
Kingdom of Prussia and annex the territory, which was then to be offered to Poland as part of a territorial exchange desired by Russia, however, ultimately Russia only occupied the region for four years during the
2324:
presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant German populations that wanted reunification with
Germany, the Reich's statistics of late 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in this territory were ethnic Germans.
922:). A confederation was formed in the city to maintain Poland's sovereignty over the city and region. The Brandenburg Elector and his army, however, entered the city and abducted and imprisoned the leader of the city's anti-Elector opposition
757:. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist policies, including occupation of Polish Pomerania with Gdańsk/Danzig and western Lithuania, brought them into conflict with the
1999:, who headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928, led the district from 1932. The Otto-Braun-House was requisitioned to become the headquarters of the SA, which used the house to imprison and torture its opponents.
9347:
Jeografia wschodniéy części Europy czyli Opis krajów przez wielorakie narody słowiańskie zamieszkanych: obejmujący Prussy, Xsięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Krolestwo Polskie i
2689:
by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the
622:
in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was connected by land with the rest of the Prussian state and was reorganized as a province the following year. Between 1829 and 1878, the Province of East Prussia was joined with
2708:
8060:
2098:
to promote the Nazi Party's work creation policies, with East Prussia chosen because it already had relatively low unemployment due to its agrarian economy. Koch's industrialization plans provoked conflict with
2667:
in 1946. Most of the German population of the province had left during the evacuation at the end of the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently
10348:
10303:
This site by W.A. Milowskij, a Kaliningrad resident, contains hundreds of interesting photos, often with text explanations, of architectural and infrastructural artifacts of the territory's long German past
155:
8358:
2077:
Through publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the "Erich Koch Plan" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of
6089:
8067:
8041:
6297:
2732:
1604:
and Warmia) and all German geographic atlases at the start of 20th century showed the southern part of East Prussia as Polish with the number of Polish-speakers estimated at the time to be 300,000.
5583:
9614:
In 1921 the Landliste (LL, Rural List) gained two seats, in 1926 the LL formed a united list with the WP and the East Prussian Farmers' Federation (OBB), in 1929 they all ran as part of the WP.
5035:
3195:. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered persons. In July of that year, the historic city of
2015:. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province. These actions made him unpopular among the local peasants. In 1932 the local paramilitary
9463:
Die Slawen in Deutschland: beiträge zur volkskunde der Preussen, Litauer und Letten, der Masuren und Philipponen, der Tschechen, Mährer und Sorben, Polaben und Slowinzen, Kaschuben und Polen
5056:
5042:
9772:
Prausser, Steffen and Rees, Arfon: The Expulsion of the "German" Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War. Florence, Italy, European University Institute, 2004.
8508:
5421:
3241:. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians
926:. In 1663, the city burghers, forced by Elector Frederick William, swore an oath of allegiance to him, however, in the same ceremony they still also pledged allegiance to Poland. The
2226:
was mainly Roman Catholic due to the history of its bishopric. The East Prussian Jewish Congregation declined from about 9,000 in 1933 to 3,000 in 1939, as most fled from Nazi rule.
8636:
6040:
153:
2479:
was active in the province, both in the annexed pre-war territory of Poland, and in the pre-war territory of East Prussia, with activities in the latter including distribution of
7323:
3118:
Over 80% of the 1950 inhabitants were new in the region, less than 20% had resided in the province already back in 1939 (so called autochthons, who had German citizenship before
4952:
2483:, sabotage actions, executions of Nazis, theft of German weapons, ammunition and equipment, and organization of transports of POWs who escaped German POW camps via the ports of
2388:
914:
succeeded in revoking the king of Poland's sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia in 1660. There was strong opposition to the separation of the region from Poland, especially in
5004:
10424:
6250:
6548:
2619:. An estimated 300,000 died either in wartime bombing raids, in the battles to defend the province, or through mistreatment by the Red Army or from hunger, cold and disease.
5049:
718:. An estimated 300,000 died either in wartime bombing raids, in the battles to defend the province, through mistreatment by the Red Army, or from hunger, cold and disease.
5063:
4906:("Upper President") carrying out central prerogatives on the provincial level and supervising the implementation of central policy on the lower levels of administration.
154:
6311:
4986:
2829:
from the 1950s through 1980s (between 1970 and 1988 55,227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany). Local toponyms were Polonised by the Polish
450:
436:
422:
408:
394:
369:
355:
6664:
6276:
2770:
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently, Polish
7716:
6885:
6462:
8362:
6508:
6325:
5989:
5025:
802:
8850:
Kołakowski, Andrzej (2020). "Zbrodnia bez kary: eksterminacja dzieci polskich w okresie okupacji niemieckiej w latach 1939-1945". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.).
11195:
9242:
7699:
7345:
6980:
6574:
6265:
5070:
2203:) district in Sudovia was later transferred to the Gumbinnen region. In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others
11250:
8432:
Ciesielski, Tomasz (2010). "Prusy Wschodnie w trakcie polskiej wojny sukcesyjnej i wojny siedmioletniej". In Gieszczyński, Witold; Kasparek, Norbert (eds.).
6863:
6840:
5077:
2095:
973:" was gradually applied to the various lands of Brandenburg-Prussia. To differentiate it from the larger entity, the former Duchy of Prussia became known as
8470:
Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-Century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, and Analysis. Piotr Eberhardt,page 166, 2003 M E Sharpe Inc
7153:
2111:
rural romantic, wanted to enforce his vision of an agricultural East Prussia. When his "Land" representatives challenged Koch's plans, Koch arrested them.
9303:
7373:
6794:
6771:
8284:, 2007 Pantheon Verlag, PDF edition, p. 342. According to Kossert East Prussia lost about 511,000 out of 2,490,000 inhabitants, thereof 311,000 civilians.
1012:
from settling in Lithuania Minor, and initiated German colonization to change the region's ethnic composition. Thousands of Protestants expelled from the
824:
11190:
7208:
6687:
6283:
2435:
2337:
2313:
10417:
7067:
6374:
1672:
in 1915, the Russians were decisively defeated and forced to retreat. The Russians were followed by the German Army advancing into Russian territory.
8484:
7181:
2036:
8805:
1949:
in eastern West Prussia and southern East Prussia was held under Allied supervision to determine if the areas should join Poland or remain in the
3298:
2830:
10364:
8225:
11245:
10922:
10903:
10218:
10185:
10162:
10139:
8457:
5298:
2597:
spread fear and desperation among the civilians. Thousands lost their lives during the sinkings (by Soviet submarine) of the evacuation ships
10410:
2056:
2028:
9513:
9476:
9289:"Pochodzenie terytorialne ludności Ziem Zachodnich w 1950 r. [Territorial origins of inhabitants of the Western Lands in year 1950]"
2019:
had already started to terrorise their political opponents. On the night of 31 July 1932 there was a bomb attack on the headquarters of the
1511:, after which they were reestablished as separate provinces. Along with the rest of the Kingdom of Prussia, East Prussia became part of the
10894:
7390:
6304:
3180:
2403:
8633:
5824:
2884:
898:, and instead of fulfilling his vassal's duties towards the Polish Kingdom, by joining forces with the Swedes and subsequent treaties of
715:
10326:
7486:
11240:
10593:
10263:
2476:
2361:
1329:
10238:
9561:
In some Prussian provinces the same office continued to be called Landesdirektor also thereafter. Cf. article: "Landesdirektor", in:
3302:
talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historical name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as
2118:
1404:
911:
10251:
9822:
including all secret meetings; plebiscites and all other problems in Europe; includes all diplomatic correspondence from all states.
8609:
2578:
Nazi propaganda about the real state of military affairs. As a result, many civilians fleeing westward were overtaken by retreating
2371:
890:
died in 1618. When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming
7968:
6340:
2775:
429:
9509:Übersicht der Bodenfläche und Bevölkerung des Preußischen Staates : aus den für das Jahr 1817 mtlich eingezogenen Nachrichten
9034:
Chrzanowski, Bogdan. "Organizacja sieci przerzutów drogą morską z Polski do Szwecji w latach okupacji hitlerowskiej (1939–1945)".
3026:
2951:
2540:
2528:
11210:
8174:
7938:
2686:
2669:
2423:
1633:
9538:
Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 - 1914 ; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar
1953:
Province of East Prussia. 96.7% of the people voted to remain within Germany (97.89% in the East Prussian plebiscite district).
1316:
10951:
10941:
10268:
9019:
Brenda, Waldemar (2007). "Pogranicze Prus Wschodnich i Polski w działaniach polskiej konspiracji w latach II wojny światowej".
8143:
7927:
5828:
3143:
2969:
2274:
1773:
1270:
1168:
1093:
750:
576:
8979:
Koziełło-Poklewski, Bohdan; Badowska, Stanisława (1974). "Praca przymusowa w Prusach Wschodnich w latach II wojny światowej".
4938:
2799:
2222:
in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Masurians, Kursieniki, and Lietuvininkai were Lutheran, while the population of
10981:
10705:
10481:
10202:
10059:
9968:
9938:
9923:
9579:
9546:
9332:
9196:
9003:
8960:
8901:
8788:
8728:
8441:
8131:
8119:
3476:
2547:
raids – the first on the night of 26/27 August 1944, with the second one three nights later, overnight on 29/30 August 1944.
2329:
1385:
1117:
10342:
An oral history project, documenting the German history of East Prussia with memories and reports by contemporary witnesses
10243:
9170:
9138:
3429:
in his 1839 book, with a breakdown by county. However, the majority of East Prussian Polish and Lithuanian inhabitants were
3215:(which became East Germany). The last remaining Germans left in November 1949 (1,401 persons) and January 1950 (7 persons).
3068:
2983:
2803:
2191:
by Nazi Germany opening World War II, the borders of East Prussia were revised. Regierungsbezirk Westpreußen became part of
1033:
11169:
9647:
9352:
8388:
8142:
and with around 4786 inhabitants. Too small to form its own voivodeship, this territory was incorporated into the interwar
6779:
5934:
5084:
3192:
2918:
2301:
786:
9775:
Naimark, Norman: Fires of Hatred. Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2001.
1396:. Frederick William and Queen Louise met with Napoleon for peace negotiations, and on 9 July the Prussian king signed the
9733:
Douglas, R.M.: Orderly and Humane. The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War. Yale University Press, 2012.
8743:
Szkolnictwo polskie w Niemczech 1919-1939, Henryk Chałupczak Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej,page9 1996
1669:
883:
8936:
Guzewicz, Wojciech (2008). "Eksterminacja duchowieństwa katolickiego na Suwalszczyźnie w okresie okupacji niemieckiej".
8236:
3325:. This effort was only a minor success, however, as most impoverished Volga Germans preferred to emigrate to the richer
1152:
ratified the cession on 30 September 1772, whereafter Frederick officially went on to call himself a King "of" Prussia.
11057:
10297:
9738:
5243:
5105:
3054:
2997:
2932:
2492:
2357:
2270:
2164:
2063:
2020:
1875:
981:
840:
and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525. Albert established himself as the first duke of the
8529:
1608:
inhabited the areas around the Curonian lagoon, while Lithuanian-speaking Prussians concentrated in the northeast in (
10540:
10076:
10045:
10000:
9909:
9891:
9873:
9804:
9702:
9684:
9657:
9263:
9224:
9164:
9132:
9112:
9089:
9069:
8878:
8560:
5322:
5127:
2254:
1976:
1128:
was incorporated into the lands of former Ducal Prussia, which, by administrative deed of 31 January 1772 were named
887:
876:
758:
631:. The Polish and Lithuanian populations were subjected to Germanisation policies, and later to outright persecution.
10862:
9439:
9239:
8195:
3277:, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of
89:
10887:
8955:. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 212–213, 217–218, 223, 387–392, 509.
6239:
1345:
1073:
781:
signed the act of incorporation of the entire region to Poland. The Teutonic Knights' defeat was formalised in the
24:
9825:
5881:
777:
was founded, and various cities and nobles of the region joined it. In 1454 upon the Confederation's request King
11117:
7231:
3310:
2611:
1992:
2469:
2066:, the last contested pre-war German election, the local population of East Prussia voted overwhelmingly for the
10858:
10754:
3286:
3130:. The rest were mostly people from neighbouring areas located right next to East Prussia (almost 44% came from
3122:
and were granted Polish citizenship after 1945). Over 20% of all inhabitants were Poles expelled from areas of
1349:
997:
762:
699:
584:
77:
9288:
11235:
11205:
11087:
8831:
Wyczałkowski, Seweryn (1983). "Kilka danych o nauczaniu w czasie okupacji hitlerowskiej w Płocku 1939–1945".
8012:
5018:
3483:
2698:(Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as
2262:
2192:
2086:
that unemployment had been banished entirely from the province, a feat that gained admiration throughout the
2048:
1629:
1369:
950:
946:
927:
9274:
8007:
2207:
in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the
11164:
11148:
11102:
11037:
7917:
7839:
7706:
7694:
6695:
6417:
3349:
2765:
2569:
2459:
1190:
703:
7226:
3211:. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948 21 transports with in total 42,094 Germans left the Oblast to the
11230:
11220:
11112:
11082:
10880:
10489:
8480:
7868:
7563:
7401:
6608:
6596:
6382:
4457:
2501:
East Prussia was only slightly affected by the war until January 1945, when it was devastated during the
2419:
2399:
2108:
2004:
1665:
1649:
1389:
1280:
611:
10501:
10089:
3237:
during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the
1934:(Sea Service East Prussia) was established to provide an independent transport service to East Prussia.
1377:
11225:
11122:
10645:
10456:
10292:
9833:
9810:
Woodward, E.L., Butler, Rohan; Medlicott, W.N., Dakin, Douglas, & Lambert, M.E., et al. (editors),
8809:
5526:
2518:
2506:
2439:
province by Germany, with German labor offices recruiting forced laborers established in the cities of
2427:
1871:
1408:
1301:
1113:
872:
805:. The remainder of historic Prussia also became a part of "one and indivisible" Kingdom of Poland as a
711:
8859:
8222:
8217:
7878:
7085:
6955:
6705:
4969:
11042:
10795:
10791:
10661:
10633:
8894:
Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945
7019:
6848:
6269:
3445:
2384:
1961:
1492:
1245:
1239:
1081:
1013:
1000:
led the rebuilding of East Prussia, founding numerous towns. In 1724, Frederick William I prohibited
813:
held by the Teutonic Knights. 1466 and 1525 arrangements by kings of Poland were not verified by the
619:
248:
6726:
11215:
10966:
10746:
10624:
10530:
10402:
8410:
8053:
6258:
6243:
5378:
3082:
2572:
approached the East Prussian border in 1944. The population had been systematically misinformed by
2480:
2422:, Oflag 52, Oflag 53, Oflag 60, Oflag 63 and Oflag 68 with multiple subcamps, for Polish, Belgian,
2341:
2157:
2040:
1946:
1333:
1305:
1176:
766:
8953:
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV
8852:
Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945)
7434:
2100:
1560:
The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465
782:
10946:
10936:
10872:
10692:
10443:
9844:
9744:
9690:
9507:
9484:
8855:
5717:
5116:
3369:
3340:
The Polish part of the region, divided in 1975 to form three units: the Olsztyn Voivodeship, the
2599:
2502:
2234:
2137:. More than 1,500 places were ordered to be renamed by 16 July 1938 following a decree issued by
1965:
1289:
833:
2616:
1931:
11006:
10767:
10725:
10525:
10310:
9302:. Warsaw: PAN (Polish Academy of Sciences), Institute of Geography: Tabela 1 (data by county).
9214:
8702:
8434:
Wielkie wojny w Prusach. Działania militarne między dolną Wisłą a Niemnem na przestrzeni wieków
7243:
6235:
5470:
3330:
3212:
2431:
2253:. The Jews who remained in East Prussia in 1942 were shipped to concentration camps, including
2134:
1942:
1907:
1891:
1747:
1516:
954:
774:
415:
10697:
10560:
10353:
8002:
3579:
3527:
3345:
2811:
1479:. The united province was again split into separate East and West Prussian provinces in 1878.
1456:
1109:
311:
11200:
11137:
11001:
10912:
10831:
10827:
10780:
10616:
10334:
9415:
8167:
7095:
6254:
3522:
As of 1905, the province of East Prussia was divided into three government regions, known as
3426:
1915:
1641:
1617:
1565:
1420:
989:
962:
865:
600:
580:
517:
401:
320:
10320:
9381:
7607:
6915:
6903:
3341:
2807:
1221:
996:, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince
10976:
10800:
10710:
10674:
10505:
10469:
8071:
7883:
6601:
6404:
5011:
4910:
4535:
4101:
3457:
3410:
3219:
2590:
2011:
the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the
1895:
1887:
1689:
Division between Germany (area which remained in East Prussia), Lithuania and Poland after
1677:
1645:
1593:
1156:
778:
643:
501:
55:
8656:
Dan P. Silverman (1993). "Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936".
7538:
4993:
3278:
3164:
1500:
1487:
8:
10991:
10961:
10758:
10738:
10720:
10494:
10485:
10248:
9762:
9584:
8602:
8087:
6930:
4997:
4540:
4192:
3535:
3394:
3334:
2870:
2795:
2761:
2365:
2317:
2219:
1927:
1899:
1508:
1476:
1464:
1436:
1393:
1373:
1105:
1085:
1022:
891:
853:
738:
628:
575:
formed sizeable minorities. From the 13th century, the region of Prussia was part of the
374:
315:
2304:
and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g.
1097:
10835:
10815:
10807:
10715:
10681:
10552:
10517:
10510:
10339:
10212:
10179:
10156:
10133:
10054:
Nitsch, Gunter: "Eine lange Flucht aus Ostpreußen", Ellert & Richter Verlag, 2011,
9901:
9712:
8673:
8451:
8233:
6387:
6290:
5091:
5000:, merged from East and West Prussia, since 1816 already upper president of West Prussia
4073:
3531:
3322:
3208:
3155:
3040:
2862:
2652:
2644:
2544:
2309:
2245:
government, which wanted to erase all aspects of Polish culture and Polish language in
2188:
1452:
1440:
1397:
1341:
993:
970:
966:
797:
also was confirmed part of Poland, with both co-forming the larger Polish provinces of
770:
683:
635:
505:
485:
307:
110:
8171:
7517:
6943:
3506:
3365:
3188:
2660:
2168:
1957:
1906:
was also separated from the province. Because most of West Prussia became part of the
1903:
1816:
691:
387:
10986:
10971:
10956:
10850:
10609:
10604:
10588:
10580:
10573:
10568:
10198:
10072:
10055:
10041:
9996:
9964:
9944:
9934:
9919:
9905:
9887:
9869:
9819:
9800:
9734:
9698:
9680:
9653:
9542:
9328:
9259:
9220:
9192:
9160:
9128:
9108:
9085:
9065:
9043:
8999:
8956:
8897:
8875:
Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion
8784:
8724:
8677:
8556:
8437:
8257:
7052:
7040:
4922:
3434:
2791:
2787:
2757:
2673:
2548:
2346:
2297:
2044:
1938:
1883:
1414:
1025:
before withdrawing in 1762 and did not make Poland an offer of territorial exchange.
938:
934:
814:
607:
552:
325:
281:
9663:
3401:, the population of East Prussia was 1,080,000 people. Of that number, according to
3135:
2955:
2817:
The remaining pre-war population was treated as Germanized Poles and a policy of re-
2305:
2090:. In actuality, the Erich Koch Plan had been a staged propaganda event organized by
140:
10996:
10652:
10474:
10451:
9756:
8665:
8343:
Małłek, Janusz (1992). "Polityka miasta Królewca wobec Polski w latach 1525–1701".
7997:
7743:
7632:
6531:
6485:
5123:
4977:
4918:
4742:
3961:
2393:
2208:
2008:
1446:
1424:
1340:
occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directorate swear an
1297:
1172:
903:
899:
895:
861:
841:
818:
746:
742:
596:
548:
529:
360:
9375:
8135:
2539:, which had never been severely damaged by warfare in its 700 years of existence,
2199:) was added to East Prussia. Originally part of the Zichenau region, the Sudauen (
2142:
2000:
10823:
10461:
10255:
10107:
9246:
9154:
9122:
9102:
8640:
8244:
8229:
8178:
8079:
8045:
7130:
6908:
6672:
6434:
4068:
3872:
3487:
3318:
3303:
3282:
3230:
3204:
2723:
2376:
2321:
1911:
1879:
1653:
1609:
1496:
1365:
1321:
1235:
1045:
958:
945:
grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor
923:
907:
849:
663:
659:
655:
651:
592:
513:
508:
from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the
133:
45:
9695:
A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944-1950
9345:
8384:
5097:
1918–1919: Adolf Tortilowicz von Batocki-Friebe, upper president of East Prussia
3364:
member states, and both the Polish part of the region as well as the Lithuanian
2430:, American, Canadian, Australian, New Zealander, South African, Czech and other
2328:
In the annexed pre-war Polish territory, the Polish population was subjected to
1361:
1137:
10730:
10465:
9727:
9536:
8917:Świecik, Józef (1983). "Tragiczne ostatnie dni okupacji niemieckiej w Płocku".
7261:
3438:
3385:
3361:
2715:
2656:
2464:
2444:
2289:
2258:
2016:
1950:
1637:
1468:
1149:
1017:
942:
868:
864:
in 1530, but the Order never regained possession of the territory. In 1569 the
695:
9417:
Die Ländliche Verfassung in den Einzelnen Provinzen der Preussischen Monarchie
8603:"Ostdeutschlands Arbeiterbewegung: Abriß ihrer Geschichte, Leistung und Opfer"
7813:
6756:
2505:. Most of its inhabitants became refugees in bitterly cold weather during the
11184:
11072:
11032:
11022:
10640:
10380:
10366:
10098:
10064:
9948:
9792:
9643:
9596:
DVP and DNVP formed the united list called Prussian Block (PB, Preußemblock).
9047:
8115:
7779:
7528:
7115:
7045:
6988:
6802:
5101:
4252:
3468:
3406:
3314:
2699:
2555:, Book XII) had erroneously believed it to be "a modernized heavily defended
2215:
2204:
1613:
1597:
1577:
1561:
1512:
1353:
1265:
1250:
1089:
1001:
798:
754:
675:
639:
615:
568:
560:
540:
509:
179:
114:
7318:
4961:
3781:
3456:) - comprised the majority of population, numbering 26,067 people (≈81%) in
3352:, whose borders correspond closely to those of southern East Prussia. Since
3196:
2679:
2536:
1600:. The Polish-speaking population concentrated in the south of the province (
710:
in 1946. The German and the Masurian population of the province was largely
521:
167:
11127:
10762:
10628:
8521:
8232:; Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.): Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 2005,
7672:
7571:
6998:
6870:
6817:
6526:
4132:
3812:
3398:
3246:
3238:
3127:
3119:
2892:
2866:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2719:
2694:
camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at
2648:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2615:. Königsberg surrendered on 9 April 1945, following the desperate four-day
2242:
2230:
2153:
2149:
2122:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2067:
1980:
1573:
1507:
From 1824 to 1878, East Prussia was combined with West Prussia to form the
1428:
1293:
1292:
announced that the newly annexed lands were to be known as the Province of
1141:
810:
731:
687:
679:
671:
624:
556:
544:
443:
8107:
7803:
7380:
7105:
6442:
3012:
2440:
2196:
1923:
1779:
726:
104:
11052:
10917:
10656:
10232:
9850:
9432:"Monastery of the Dormition of the Mother of God in Wojnowo (Eckersdorf)"
9431:
9377:
Polen: in geographischer, geschichtlicher und culturhistorischer Hinsicht
8191:
8019:
7548:
7476:
7199:
7030:
6938:
6925:
6682:
6503:
5112:
3430:
3405:, ethnic Germans were slightly more than half, while 280,000 (≈26%) were
3402:
3274:
3257:
3200:
3160:
2664:
2605:
2284:
1862:
1690:
1527:
1005:
915:
857:
837:
707:
647:
572:
525:
123:
9931:
The fall of Hitler's fortress city : the battle of Konigsberg, 1945
9716:
9240:
Ethnic Germans in Poland and the Czech Republic:A Comparative Evaluation
8806:"Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Preußen, Provinz Ostpreußen 1871 - 1945"
7287:
7276:
7138:
6446:
3179:
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the
1459:. From 1905, the southern districts of East Prussia formed the separate
1357:
1255:
674:'s defeat in World War II in 1945, war-torn East Prussia was divided at
9956:
8418:
7895:
7728:
7721:
7677:
7627:
7596:
7581:
7455:
7411:
7368:
7340:
6975:
6789:
6746:
6659:
6569:
6516:
6399:
5772:
5138:
5134:
3491:
3414:
3368:, has thereafter become freely accessible by Germans, in line with the
3261:
3226:
2779:
2771:
2743:
2565:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2211:
2145:
2071:
2024:
2012:
1996:
1984:
1968:
in 1923 and annexed without giving the inhabitants a choice by ballot.
1657:
1605:
1589:
1535:
1472:
1121:
1049:
533:
8298:(in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. pp. XXXI, XXXVII–XXXVIII.
8111:
7775:
7684:
7592:
7445:
7330:
7165:
7161:
3348:, has been reestablished as a single entity in 1999 under the name of
2833:, though in most cases it was a restoration of historic Polish names.
2452:
2434:
POWs in the province. Pre-war Polish citizens made up the majority of
2333:
2200:
1274:
1200:
610:, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves
11097:
11062:
11047:
10025:
Ich Blieb in Königsberg. Tagebuchblätter aus dunklen Nachkriegsjahren
9961:
The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy
9216:
Redrawing nations: ethnic cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944-1948
9100:
8123:
7847:
7750:
7738:
7297:
7125:
6965:
6947:
6858:
6835:
6736:
6592:
6559:
6538:
6429:
6369:
5151:
Summary of the East Prussian Provincial Diet direct election results
4957:
4942:("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).
4909:
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural
3514:
3472:
3453:
3357:
3139:
2579:
2562:
2352:
2278:
2238:
2179:
2138:
1790:
1661:
1585:
1545:
1540:
1531:
1210:
1101:
1041:
790:
667:
476:
10432:
9605:
In 1921 the party was named United Communist Party of Germany, VKPD.
9400:(in German). Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar. p. 41.
8110:
and with around 27 thousand inhabitants; as well as parts of county
7148:
6825:
6649:
2484:
2052:
2031:
was killed; the executive editor of the Social Democratic newspaper
1680:. The region had to be rebuilt because of damage caused by the war.
1381:
882:
The Administrator of Prussia, the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order
11077:
11067:
11027:
10319:
9632:
8781:
The Fall of Hitler's Fortress City: The Battle for Königsberg, 1945
8669:
8296:
Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych
8139:
8127:
7973:
7948:
7891:
7824:
7765:
7650:
7507:
7424:
7416:
7251:
7203:
6893:
6880:
6766:
6716:
6582:
6493:
6480:
6228:
3465:
3418:
3253:
3242:
3234:
2583:
2568:
delayed the evacuation of the German civilian population until the
2556:
2130:
1552:
1337:
1215:
1175:
of 1808, the administration in East Prussia was transferred to the
828:
Act of incorporation of the region into the Kingdom of Poland, 1454
650:
granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of
10902:
10284:
9880:
A Constitutional History of Germany in the 19th and 20th Centuries
7655:
7308:
2695:
2448:
2344:(including teenagers), executions, massacres (also as part of the
1376:, but in May, after a siege of 75 days, his troops led by Marshal
1227:
1160:
11092:
10600:
10434:
10013:
Namen die keiner mehr nennt - Ostpreußen, Menschen und Geschichte
9883:
9865:
9797:
A Childhood Under Hitler and Stalin: Memoirs of a "Certified Jew"
9565:: 21 vols.; Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1928–1935; vol. 11 (1932), p. 71.
9327:
Andreas Kossert, Damals in Ostpreußen, pp. 179–183, München 2008
8951:
Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).
8103:
7980:
7795:
7353:
7238:
7075:
6628:
6412:
4928:
3461:
3449:
3326:
3306:
bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in ruins.
3270:
3266:
3171:
3131:
2936:
2739:
2574:
2523:
2250:
2126:
2007:, was murdered here. This period was characterized by efforts to
1601:
1432:
1195:
1164:
1145:
1133:
1069:
1065:
980:
Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the
564:
174:
59:
10069:
Zeugnis vom Untergang Königsbergs: Ein "Geltungsjude" berichtet,
9995:(= Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas). Siedler, Berlin 1992,
4902:
The Prussian central government appointed for every province an
2398:
concentration camps, mostly for Poles, multiple subcamps of the
1995:, opposition politicians were persecuted and newspapers banned.
1368:
on 9 February 1807 by an East Prussian contingent under General
11107:
10535:
9818:), London, numerous volumes published over 25 years. Cover the
9477:"Old Believers in Poland - historical and cultural information"
7958:
7906:
7857:
7834:
7790:
7754:
7662:
7640:
7558:
7496:
7357:
7265:
7216:
7062:
6812:
6638:
6618:
6470:
6457:
6421:
6391:
4945:
3510:
Ethnolinguistic distribution in East Prussia (1905) by district
3442:
2783:
2495:
2488:
2266:
2246:
2223:
2125:, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from
2083:
1644:
encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the
1581:
1523:
1260:
1205:
1187:
German chamber department at Königsberg with the districts of:
1180:
1125:
1057:
1053:
985:
845:
794:
588:
481:
471:
10276:
10239:
Brandenburg Prince-Electors co-inheritors 1568, co-regent 1577
9679:
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas, " Nemesis at Potsdam". London, 1977.
7189:
3542:
Ethnolinguistic structure of East Prussia by district (1905)
9351:(in Polish). Wrocław: u Wilhelma Bogumiła Korna. p. 17.
7466:
6315:
3123:
2888:
2691:
2639:
in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the
2115:
977:("Old Prussia"), the province of Prussia, or "East Prussia".
9258:
Andreas Kossert, Ostpreußen - Geschichte und Mythos, p.352,
9191:
Andreas Kossert, Damals in Ostpreußen, p. 168, München 2008
3389:
Mother Tongues of East Prussia, according to the 1905 Census
3380:
1918:
became part of East Prussia as the administrative district (
1882:. Most of the former Prussian provinces of West Prussia and
992:. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the
658:
separated East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the
9815:
9563:
Der Große Brockhaus: Handbuch des Wissens in zwanzig Bänden
9156:
The Oder-Neisse Line: a reappraisal under international law
8707:
The Holy Reich - Nazi Conceptions of Christianity 1919-1945
7176:
7008:
3495:
3422:
3353:
2594:
2277:. Those who remained were later deported and killed in the
1364:
troops immediately took up pursuit but were delayed in the
1009:
806:
614:
beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western
9577:
In 1933 the DNVP ran under the list KFSWR, also including
8978:
8721:"Wolfsschanze": Hitlers Machtzentrale im Zweiten Weltkrieg
8509:
Rocznik statystyki Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1920/21, 1921
3501:
3425:, according to Georg Hassel. Similar numbers are given by
3313:
in 1991, some German groups have tried to help settle the
832:
The Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master
7617:
3464:) in 1837. Another minority in pre-war East Prussia were
2680:
Expulsion of Germans from East Prussia after World War II
2626:
2160:
and held prisoner there until their death or liberation.
1569:
1016:
were allowed to settle in depleted East Prussia. In 1756
8276:
8274:
5038:, upper president of Prussia, after 1878 of East Prussia
3413:. As of year 1819, there were also 20,000 strong ethnic
2051:
were assaulted while the local Reichsbanner Chairman of
1656:. Despite early success and the capture of the towns of
1443:, the East Prussian territories were re-arranged in the
1439:. In the course of the Prussian restoration by the 1815
512:
from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the
10249:
Extensive East & West Prussian Historical Materials
9465:. Braunschweig: Verlag von F. Vieweg. pp. 212–248.
8996:
Polskie Państwo Podziemne na Pomorzu w latach 1939–1945
8385:"LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES OF THE RECOVERY OF OLD PRUSSIAN"
2790:, were settled in the area, initially organised as the
2121:, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of
1384:, which had been tenaciously defended by General Count
875:
became co-regents with Albert's son, the feeble-minded
761:
and embroiled them in several wars, culminating in the
547:, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading
9317:– via Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych.
9104:
The Politics Today Companion to West European Politics
8684:
3273:, based on historical Polish names. The exclave was a
1930:
region became part of the Second Polish Republic. The
603:
had become extinct by the 17th or early 18th century.
9719:. Historiography of medieval and early modern period.
8271:
3245:. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to
2096:
Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
1886:, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century
714:
during the war or expelled shortly afterwards in the
9120:
8950:
5145:
3252:
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic
3149:
2846:
1950 population by place of residence back in 1939:
2836:
9841:
Four-Power Control in Germany and Austria 1945-1946
3437:like their ethnic kinsmen across the border in the
3249:in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.
2119:
changed about one-third of the toponyms of the area
2103:, who held the office of the Reich Peasant Leader (
930:elector also subdued the noble estates of Prussia.
19:"Ostpreussen" redirects here. For the World War II
10169:
10146:
9219:. Rowman&Littlefield Publishers. p. 109.
8415:O ludności polskiej w Prusiech niegdyś krzyżackich
4974:Gumbinnen and Königsberg War and Demesnes Chambers
2821:was pursued throughout the country Most of these "
2751:
2152:. Many who would not cooperate with the rulers of
9814:, Three Series, Her Majesty's Stationery Office (
9380:(in German). Verlag von Ludwig Schumann. p.
9152:
555:the indigenous Balts were gradually converted to
11182:
8655:
8255:
6229:Land Directors and Land Captains of East Prussia
1183:, represented by two local chamber departments:
1132:. The former Polish Pomerelian lands beyond the
10192:
2831:Commission for the Determination of Place Names
2798:in 1947, with a few counties incorporated into
1616:became completely Germanized over time and the
1576:dialect predominated in East Prussia, although
563:and colonisation over the following centuries,
10904:Administrative divisions of Kaliningrad Oblast
9101:Geoffrey K. Roberts, Patricia Hogwood (2013).
8896:(in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 381–427.
8696:
1403:The succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by
1120:lands and cutting the rest of Poland from the
591:) or as a fief (remainder). In 1525, with the
543:were enclosed within East Prussia. During the
539:The bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic
11196:States and territories disestablished in 1945
10888:
10418:
9812:Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919-1939
9409:
9407:
2512:
1902:, being separated from mainland Germany. The
1467:. East and West Prussia were first united in
1171:(Szymbark) passed to West Prussia. Until the
988:of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of
10126:Dzieje Prus Wschodnich w czasach nowożytnych
8830:
8723:(in German) (3 ed.). Ch. Links Verlag.
8347:(in Polish). No. 3–4. pp. 254–255.
8017:
4946:Upper Presidents of East Prussia and Prussia
4917:within each province (sometimes within each
3181:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
1937:On 11 July 1920, amidst the backdrop of the
1444:
1412:
37:
10123:
9367:
8993:
8925:(3 (116)). Towarzystwo Naukowe Płockie: 30.
8839:(3 (116)). Towarzystwo Naukowe Płockie: 36.
8583:
8581:
2714:An illustration of the changing borders in
2364:and afterwards deported either deported to
2233:, the Polish ethnic minorities of Catholic
1945:appeared to be on the brink of defeat, the
1556:Map of the province of East Prussia in 1890
706:). The capital city Königsberg was renamed
11191:States and territories established in 1772
10895:
10881:
10425:
10411:
10285:Ostpreußen Info – East Prussia Information
10217:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
10184:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
10172:"Szkice z dziejów Pomorza", vol. 1–3
10161:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
10138:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
10040:. Karlsruhe: Evangelische Akademie Baden.
9413:
9404:
9212:
8891:
8872:
8849:
8608:(in German). Holzner Verlag. p. 350.
8456:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
8431:
8409:
2047:were all severely injured. Members of the
1866:Inter-war East Prussia (from 1923 to 1939)
1596:decreased over time due to the process of
765:, whereby the united armies of Poland and
606:Because the duchy was outside of the core
122:
103:
10299:Spuren der Vergangenheit / Следы Пρошлого
9127:. Harvard University Press. p. 303.
8718:
3381:Historical ethnic and religious structure
1405:Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein
937:, the Prussian lands were not within the
730:Ethnic settlement in East Prussia by the
642:after its creation in 1871. However, the
528:). East Prussia was the main part of the
10071:Heidelberger Verlaganstalt, 1990, 1993,
9573:
9571:
9505:
9286:
9159:. East European Monographs. p. 33.
9074:
8983:(in Polish). No. 1. pp. 45–47.
8935:
8578:
8189:
6341:List of cities and towns in East Prussia
6219:
6209:
6199:
6189:
6187:
3513:
3505:
3384:
3170:
3159:
2776:Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union
2522:
2370:
2283:
2178:
2171:was integrated again into East Prussia.
2107:) and Minister of Agriculture. Darré, a
1975:
1861:
1551:
1486:
1315:
1044:1799, split into the eastern regions of
1032:
1028:
961:" in 1701. The new kingdom ruled by the
941:and were with the administration by the
823:
725:
567:became the dominant ethnic group, while
430:Provisional Government of National Unity
16:Historic province of Prussia and Germany
10311:German Empire: Province of East Prussia
9799:, University of Wisconsin Press, 2003,
9722:Dickie, Reverend J.F., with E.Compton,
9621:
9460:
9208:
9206:
9204:
9107:. Oxford University Press. p. 50.
9033:
8916:
8504:
8502:
8473:
5021:(1786–1865), upper president of Prussia
3502:Ethnolinguistic composition by district
3482:In year 1817, East Prussia had 796,204
3452:(not to be confused with predominantly
3175:"Königsberg" license plate holder, 2009
933:Although Brandenburg was a part of the
817:, as well as the previous gains of the
716:expulsion of Germans after World War II
199:36,993 km (14,283 sq mi)
11183:
10349:East & West Prussia Map Collection
9830:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History
9642:
9534:
9394:
9373:
9343:
9084:, chapters 1-8, Penguin Books (2002).
9018:
8998:(in Polish). Gdańsk: IPN. p. 57.
8974:
8972:
8803:
8600:
8594:
8555:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 78.
8342:
8293:
6214:
6204:
6194:
6182:
5629:
5155:
2663:). The city of Königsberg was renamed
2627:History after partition and annexation
2414:, Stalag I-C, Stalag I-D, Stalag I-E,
2275:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
2183:Map of East Prussian Districts in 1945
1870:With the forced abdication of Emperor
1683:
1116:, thereby connecting his Prussian and
690:, and the constituent counties of the
577:monastic state of the Teutonic Knights
128:East Prussia after the First World War
11246:Former eastern territories of Germany
10876:
10406:
10035:
10031:Ostpreußens Schicksaljahre, 1945-1948
9955:
9928:
9639:, 14th revised edition, London, 1904.
9568:
9442:from the original on 23 December 2018
9355:from the original on 23 December 2018
8778:
8690:
8338:
8336:
8334:
8332:
8052:
6298:Manfred Graf von Brünneck-Bellschwitz
2082:: on 16 August 1933 Koch reported to
769:, defeated the Teutonic Order at the
11251:Germany–Poland relations (1918–1939)
10330:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911.
10005:Buxa, Werner and Hans-Ulrich Stamm:
9782:, Constable & Co., London, 1936.
9213:Ther, Philipp; Siljak, Anna (2001).
9201:
9173:from the original on 11 January 2024
9141:from the original on 11 January 2024
8783:. Havertown: Casemate. p. 256.
8719:Neumärker, Uwe; et al. (2007).
8550:
8499:
8436:(in Polish). Dąbrówno. p. 118.
8391:from the original on 7 November 2017
8027:
5085:Adolf Tortilowicz von Batocki-Friebe
5036:Carl Wilhelm Heinrich Georg von Horn
3193:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
2746:, with the partition of East Prussia
2589:Reports of Soviet atrocities in the
860:with the title to Prussia after the
666:region, was detached and annexed by
10149:"Historia Pomorza", vol. I–IV
9506:Hoffmann, Johann Gottfried (1818).
9309:from the original on 2 January 2020
8969:
8759:
8746:
8634:Die aufrechten Roten von Königsberg
8532:from the original on 4 October 2018
8317:Górski, pp. 88–90, 99, 206–207, 217
6334:
4976:, as of 1795 Minister for East and
3475:- their main town was Eckertsdorf (
3095:place of residence in 1939 unknown
2195:, while Regierungsbezirk Zichenau (
1670:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
1419:appellation court at Königsberg, a
1328:After the disastrous defeat of the
1092:, i.e., the Polish voivodeships of
773:in 1410. In 1440 the anti-Teutonic
520:, until 1945. Its capital city was
13:
10354:Historical borders of East Prussia
9755:, (translated by E & C Paul),
9516:from the original on 26 March 2023
8329:
5141:), upper president of East Prussia
5130:), upper president of East Prussia
5119:), upper president of East Prussia
5108:), upper president of East Prussia
5043:Albrecht Heinrich von Schlieckmann
2906:Poles from abroad except the USSR
2786:from southern Poland, expelled in
2165:1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania
2064:March 1933 German federal election
1857:
1411:included the implementation of an
1311:
982:Great Northern War plague outbreak
896:Swedish invasion of Poland in 1655
749:in the 13th century and created a
14:
11262:
11241:1945 disestablishments in Germany
10226:
9986:Geschichte Ost- und Westpreussens
9839:Balfour, Michael, and John Mair,
9711:33#119 (1948), pp. 241–246.
8519:
8481:"Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland"
8359:"A Treatise on Political Economy"
8282:Ostpreußen. Geschichte und Mythos
8198:from the original on 3 March 2023
5418:
5146:Elections to the provincial diets
5094:, upper president of East Prussia
5087:, upper president of East Prussia
5080:, upper president of East Prussia
5073:, upper president of East Prussia
5066:, upper president of East Prussia
5059:, upper president of East Prussia
5052:, upper president of East Prussia
5045:, upper president of East Prussia
4989:, upper president of East Prussia
4897:
3393:In year 1824, shortly before its
3281:were demolished on the orders of
3229:who lived in the area around the
3150:Northern part to the Soviet Union
2837:Origin of the post-war population
2659:(the constituent counties of the
2462:headquarters during the war, the
2059:, was murdered on 6 August 1932.
1388:. On 14 June, Napoleon ended the
1380:were able to capture the city of
1038:New Map of the Kingdom of Prussia
10293:East- and West Prussia in Photos
10147:Gerard Labuda, ed. (1969–2003).
10011:Dönhoff, Marion Gräfin v. :
9249:by Karl Cordell and Stefan Wolff
8487:from the original on 13 May 2022
8419:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
6328:, first land councillor, per pro
5057:Wilhelm von Bismarck-Schönhausen
3518:Districts of East Prussia (1910)
3292:
3222:also experienced the same fate.
2731:
2707:
2582:units and the rapidly advancing
2468:, was located in the village of
2133:to Prussia during and after the
1964:since 1920, was occupied by the
1482:
1136:River together with Malbork and
638:became the leading state of the
599:, a vassal duchy of Poland. The
583:in 1466 it became a part of the
448:
434:
420:
406:
392:
367:
353:
151:
88:
76:
25:German trawler V 305 Ostpreussen
10264:East and West Prussia Gazetteer
10195:PRUSY WSCHODNIE, Historia i mit
9707:Carsten, F. L. "East Prussia".
9608:
9599:
9590:
9555:
9528:
9499:
9469:
9454:
9424:
9388:
9337:
9321:
9280:
9275:The Polish toponymic guidelines
9268:
9252:
9233:
9185:
9094:
9054:
9027:
9012:
8987:
8944:
8929:
8910:
8885:
8866:
8843:
8824:
8797:
8772:
8737:
8712:
8649:
8627:
8615:from the original on 7 May 2016
8569:
8544:
8513:
8464:
8425:
8403:
8377:
8351:
8320:
8258:"Sarmatian Review XV.1: Davies"
8096:
6135:
6086:
5986:
5878:
5821:
5523:
5467:
5319:
5295:
4970:Friedrich Leopold von Schrötter
4936:), and a head of province, the
3375:
3311:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2752:Southern East Prussia to Poland
2742:'s borders as a result of both
2559:" and ordered its destruction.
2541:was almost completely destroyed
2174:
1971:
1242:(Gusev) with the districts of:
789:. The restoration of Pomerania/
109:East Prussia (red), within the
11211:1773 establishments in Prussia
10038:Masuren, Mythos und Geschichte
9933:. Havertown, Penn.: Casemate.
9780:Vital Peace - A Study of Risks
9512:. Berlin: Decker. p. 51.
9021:Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
8981:Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
8345:Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
8311:
8302:
8287:
8249:
8210:
8183:
8160:
8034:
5931:
5714:
3146:) and southern Poland (≈16%).
2851:Region (within 1939 borders):
2810:and a significant part of the
2685:Prussia was almost completely
2593:of October 1944 and organized
1876:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1648:had been directed towards the
1623:
1620:died out in the 18th century.
1372:. Napoleon had to stay at the
1148:(Kwidzyn) in 1773. The Polish
957:was allowed to crown himself "
763:Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War
1:
10433:Territories and provinces of
9121:Piotr Stefan Wandycz (1980).
8658:The Journal of Modern History
8551:Khan, Daniel-Erasmus (2004).
8013:East Prussian Regional Museum
6037:
5769:
5580:
5019:Eduard Heinrich von Flottwell
4953:Johann Friedrich von Domhardt
2535:In 1944 the medieval city of
2193:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
1922:) of West Prussia. Also, the
1914:, the formerly West Prussian
1630:German entry into World War I
1471:in 1824 and then merged in a
1386:Friedrich Adolf von Kalkreuth
951:War of the Spanish Succession
856:, the next Grand Master, was
834:Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach
793:to Poland was confirmed, and
721:
9868:, London, 1978/1984, (P/B),
9481:Poland's Linguistic Heritage
9420:(in German). pp. 75–91.
9124:The United States and Poland
8994:Chrzanowski, Bogdan (2022).
8192:"Ostpreußen: The Great Trek"
8153:
6418:Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
6364:Current Administrative Unit
6251:Kurt von Saucken-Tarputschen
5375:
5028:, upper president of Prussia
5014:, upper president of Prussia
5007:, upper president of Prussia
3421:minorities as well as 2,400
3350:Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
3106:Total pop. in December 1950
2766:Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
2426:, British, Serbian, Soviet,
2368:or massacred in the region.
2360:. The Jews were confined in
2003:, a communist member of the
1993:Adolf Hitler's rise to power
1352:fled via Königsberg and the
753:to administer the conquered
704:Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
7:
10170:collective work (1958–61).
10017:Dönhoff, Marion Gräfin v.:
9414:Haxthausen, August (1839).
8553:Die deutschen Staatsgrenzen
7991:
7934:
7913:
7887:
7864:
7843:
7820:
7799:
7636:
7588:
7567:
7524:
7503:
7462:
7441:
7420:
7397:
7349:
7324:Landkreis Preußisch Holland
7304:
7283:
7185:
7157:
7134:
7071:
7026:
6984:
6934:
6889:
6844:
6821:
6798:
6775:
6712:
6691:
6668:
6645:
6578:
6555:
6512:
6489:
6466:
6438:
6408:
6378:
5240:
5050:Udo zu Stolberg-Wernigerode
3327:Federal Republic of Germany
3233:. While many fled from the
2400:Stutthof concentration camp
2318:Regierungsbezirk Allenstein
2033:"Königsberger Volkszeitung"
2027:. The Communist politician
1526:'s population grew by 20%,
1390:War of the Fourth Coalition
1179:and Finance Directorate in
848:of the Polish crown by the
737:At the instigation of Duke
700:People's Republic of Poland
595:, the territory became the
260:• Province of Prussia
10:
11267:
10457:Margraviate of Brandenburg
10340:Growing up in East Prussia
9993:Ostpreußen und Westpreußen
9857:, ("Хранить вечно"), 1976.
9834:Cambridge University Press
9344:Plater, Stanisław (1825).
9153:Phillip A. Bühler (1990).
8940:(in Polish) (10): 141–157.
8892:Wardzyńska, Maria (2017).
8873:Wardzyńska, Maria (2009).
8326:Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
8008:Landsmannschaft Ostpreußen
6338:
6137:
6088:
6039:
5988:
5933:
5880:
5823:
5771:
5716:
5582:
5525:
5469:
5420:
5377:
5321:
5297:
5242:
5064:Hugo Samuel von Richthofen
5005:Carl Wilhelm von Bötticher
4994:Heinrich Theodor von Schön
3526:These were the regions of
3329:, where they could become
3225:A similar fate befell the
3153:
2755:
2718:before, during, and after
2519:Evacuation of East Prussia
2516:
2513:Evacuation of East Prussia
2507:Evacuation of East Prussia
2332:, including mass arrests,
2310:Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen
1409:Karl August von Hardenberg
1370:Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq
1302:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
1155:The former Ducal Prussian
1114:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
894:. Taking advantage of the
873:Margraviate of Brandenburg
678:'s insistence between the
18:
11157:
11136:
11015:
10929:
10910:
10847:
10778:
10698:Principality of Neuchâtel
10672:
10551:
10442:
10254:14 September 2014 at the
9649:Berlin: The Downfall 1945
9296:Dokumentacja Geograficzna
9287:Kosiński, Leszek (1960).
9082:Berlin: The Downfall 1945
9062:Berlin: The Downfall 1945
9023:(in Polish) (4): 515–517.
8643:Spiegel.de, 28 June 2009
8589:Who's who in Nazi Germany
7227:Marienburg in Westpreußen
7046:Landkreis Preußisch Eylau
6549:Bischofstein (Ostpreußen)
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
4964:War and Demesnes Chambers
3479:), in Sensburg district.
2298:Regierungsbezirk Zichenau
1962:League of Nations mandate
1898:. East Prussia became an
1640:invaded the country. The
1614:Old Prussian ethnic group
1288:On 31 January 1773, King
1082:First Partition of Poland
1014:Archbishopric of Salzburg
620:First Partition of Poland
464:
332:
303:
299:
295:
291:
278:
270:• Province restored
268:
258:
245:
241:
233:
229:
225:
215:
211:
203:
193:
185:
173:
163:
139:
132:
121:
102:
72:
65:
54:
34:
10233:Pictures of East Prussia
10193:Andreas Kossert (2009).
9753:The Wars of Emancipation
9745:von Treitschke, Heinrich
9646:(2002). "chapters 1-8".
9541:. Marburg: Herder-Inst.
9064:, Penguin Books (2002).
9036:Stutthof. Zeszyty Muzeum
8856:Uniwersytet Jagielloński
8601:Matull, Wilhelm (1973).
8170:, Sixth Edition (2008),
8102:Part of pre-1918 county
4987:Hans Jakob von Auerswald
3409:and 200,000 (≈19%) were
3144:pre-war Polish Pomerania
2970:pre-war Polish Pomerania
2794:, later replaced by the
2481:Polish underground press
1947:East Prussian plebiscite
1632:, East Prussia became a
1392:with his victory at the
1378:François Joseph Lefebvre
1334:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
1306:Province of East Prussia
1124:coast. The territory of
10335:Britannica 2007 article
10327:Encyclopædia Britannica
10306:(in German and Russian)
10259:(in English and German)
10103:L'Agonie de l'Allemagne
10019:Kindheit in Ostpreussen
9886:, London, 1984, (P/B),
9878:Koch, H.W., Professor,
9860:Koch, H.W., Professor,
9855:To Be Preserved Forever
9845:Oxford University Press
9691:Alfred-Maurice de Zayas
9627:Publications in English
9535:Belzyt, Leszek (1998).
9461:Tetzner, Franz (1902).
8877:(in Polish). Warszawa:
8860:Biblioteka Jagiellońska
8767:Historia Warmii i Mazur
8639:2 February 2014 at the
8241:(Timestamp date length)
8218:Encyclopædia Britannica
8054:[ˈɔstˌpʁɔɪ̯sn̩]
7879:Wartenburg (Ostpreußen)
7564:Landkreis Tilsit-Ragnit
7086:Landsberg in Ostpreußen
6706:Frauenburg (Ostpreußen)
6277:Klemens von Stockhausen
6272:), titled land director
6261:), titled land director
6246:), titled land director
3370:free movement of people
3297:Although the 1945–1949
3285:to make way for a new "
3207:and the area named the
3185:Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast
2825:" chose to emigrate to
2672:in accordance with the
2503:East Prussian Offensive
2241:were persecuted by the
1966:Lithuanian Armed Forces
1163:(Iława), Marienwerder,
1140:formed the Province of
532:along the southeastern
11158:Urban-type settlements
11138:Urban-type settlements
10344:(in German and Polish)
10118:Publications in Polish
10084:Publications in French
10036:Bernd, Martin (1998).
9979:Publications in German
9929:Denny, Isabel (2007).
9787:Danger Spots of Europe
9778:Steed, Henry Wickham,
9676:(on the years 1944/45)
9395:Hassel, Georg (1823).
8779:Denny, Isabel (2007).
8703:Richard Steigmann-Gall
8294:Górski, Karol (1949).
8256:tenn@owlnet.rice.edu.
8144:Pomeranian Voivodeship
8091:
8083:
8075:
8049:
8018:
7717:Pillkallen-Schlossberg
7244:Pomeranian Voivodeship
7041:Kreuzburg (Ostpreußen)
6886:Landkreis Heiligenbeil
6727:Friedland (Ostpreußen)
6463:Landkreis Johannisburg
6318:), titled land captain
6312:Helmuth von Wedelstädt
6279:, titled land director
6236:Heinrich Edwin Rickert
3519:
3511:
3484:Evangelical Christians
3390:
3317:from eastern parts of
3213:Soviet Occupation Zone
3176:
3168:
2532:
2380:
2293:
2184:
2135:Protestant Reformation
1988:
1943:Second Polish Republic
1908:Second Polish Republic
1892:Second Polish Republic
1867:
1774:Pomeranian Voivodeship
1557:
1517:unification of Germany
1504:
1445:
1413:
1325:
1238:chamber department at
1077:
1068:(blue), West Prussian
919:
829:
775:Prussian Confederation
734:
416:Second Polish Republic
304:Political subdivisions
146:"Song of East Prussia"
38:
10913:Administrative center
10007:Bilder aus Ostpreußen
9918:, AuthorHouse, 2006,
9398:Staatenbund darstellt
9374:Andree, Karl (1831).
8854:(in Polish). Kraków:
8804:Rademacher, Michael.
8223:Old-Prussian-language
8168:Columbia Encyclopedia
7435:Osterode (Ostpreußen)
6665:Landkreis Stallupönen
6509:Landkreis Bartenstein
6326:Reinhard Bezzenberger
6307:, titled land captain
6300:, titled land captain
6293:, titled land captain
6286:, titled land captain
5026:Franz August Eichmann
4996:, upper president of
4253:Stadtkreis Insterburg
4223:Landkreis Insterburg
3782:Stadtkreis Königsberg
3752:Landkreis Königsberg
3517:
3509:
3427:August von Haxthausen
3411:ethnically Lithuanian
3388:
3191:becoming part of the
3174:
3163:
2800:Białystok Voivodeship
2527:Königsberg after the
2526:
2404:prisoner-of-war camps
2383:Germany operated the
2374:
2287:
2182:
2101:Richard Walther Darré
2041:German People's Party
1979:
1865:
1642:Imperial Russian Army
1618:Old Prussian language
1555:
1490:
1421:municipal corporation
1346:Frederick William III
1319:
1036:
1029:History as a province
827:
821:, were not verified.
783:Second Peace of Toruń
729:
601:Old Prussian language
581:Second Peace of Thorn
518:Free State of Prussia
402:Marienwerder (region)
11236:Partition (politics)
11206:Provinces of Prussia
10711:Grand Duchy of Posen
10321:"East Prussia"
10301:(Traces of the past)
10124:K. Piwarski (1946).
9991:Boockmann, Hartmut:
9963:. New York: Viking.
9862:A History of Prussia
9763:Powell, E. Alexander
9622:General bibliography
9245:3 March 2016 at the
8591:, 2002, pp. 142-143.
8587:Robert S. Wistrich,
8411:Kętrzyński, Wojciech
8118:, with areas around
7884:Landkreis Allenstein
7700:Landkreis Pillkallen
7417:Landkreis Ortelsburg
7346:Landkreis Neidenburg
7020:Königsberg (Preußen)
6981:Landkreis Insterburg
6575:Landkreis Braunsberg
6405:Landkreis Allenstein
6266:Alfred von Gramatzki
5071:Friedrich von Moltke
5012:Rudolf von Auerswald
4850:Total (East Prussia)
3454:Protestant Masurians
3299:expulsion of Germans
3287:House of the Soviets
3220:Prussian Lithuanians
3011:Resettlers from the
2917:Resettlers from the
2617:Battle of Königsberg
2591:Nemmersdorf massacre
2553:The Second World War
2458:Hitler's top-secret
1932:Seedienst Ostpreußen
1896:Treaty of Versailles
1890:, were ceded to the
1888:Partitions of Poland
1678:Abschwangen massacre
1666:Battle of Tannenberg
1646:Imperial German Army
1594:Prussian Lithuanians
1475:in 1829 to form the
1322:Battlefield of Eylau
1144:with its capital at
1088:annexed neighboring
1084:, the Prussian king
1060:(pink), the western
965:became known as the
963:Hohenzollern dynasty
779:Casimir IV of Poland
644:Treaty of Versailles
11142:oblast significance
10781:Territorial reforms
10739:Province of Prussia
10376: /
9836:, 1952 (2 volumes).
9826:Previté-Orton, C.W.
9487:on 23 December 2018
8881:. pp. 223–236.
8812:on 30 December 2016
8421:. pp. 615–616.
8417:(in Polish). Lwów:
8228:16 May 2008 at the
8177:4 June 2011 at the
8003:Königsberger Klopse
6931:Landkreis Heydekrug
6864:Landkreis Heilsberg
6841:Landkreis Gumbinnen
6435:Landkreis Angerburg
6321:1941–1945: vacancy
5152:
5078:Ludwig von Windheim
4982:1808–1814: vacancy?
4972:, president of the
4955:, president of the
4934:Provinzialausschuss
3543:
3441:. Only in southern
3346:Suwałki Voivodeship
2847:
2812:Suwałki Voivodeship
2796:Olsztyn Voivodeship
2762:Olsztyn Voivodeship
2722:(Map is written in
2612:General von Steuben
2366:extermination camps
2342:concentration camps
2292:during World War II
2158:concentration camps
2023:in Königsberg, the
1987:in Königsberg, 1936
1916:Marienwerder region
1878:, Germany became a
1712:After WW1 part of:
1709:Population in 1910
1706:Share of territory
1693:
1684:Division after 1918
1509:Province of Prussia
1477:Province of Prussia
1394:Battle of Friedland
1374:Finckenstein Palace
1344:to him, while King
1330:Royal Prussian Army
1296:, while the former
1086:Frederick the Great
998:Frederick William I
969:. The designation "
910:, Elector and Duke
892:Brandenburg-Prussia
854:Walter von Cronberg
787:Thirteen Years' War
785:in 1466 ending the
745:took possession of
739:Konrad I of Masovia
686:became part of the
670:in 1923. Following
629:Province of Prussia
587:, either directly (
375:Province of Prussia
11231:Historical regions
11221:Kingdom of Prussia
10863:Jülich-Cleves-Berg
10855:
10816:Posen-West Prussia
10755:Schleswig-Holstein
10269:Provinz Ostpreußen
9902:Sinclair-Stevenson
9896:MacDonogh, Giles,
9749:History of Germany
9666:on 5 February 2006
7608:Rhein (Ostpreußen)
7374:Landkreis Sensburg
6916:Lidzbark Warmiński
6795:Landkreis Osterode
6772:Landkreis Gerdauen
6388:Kaliningrad Oblast
6291:Friedrich von Berg
5150:
5092:Friedrich von Berg
5031:1868–1869: vacancy
4803:Total (Allenstein)
4022:Total (Königsberg)
3932:Preußisch Holland
3541:
3524:Regierungsbezirke.
3520:
3512:
3466:ethnically Russian
3391:
3342:Elbląg Voivodeship
3323:Kaliningrad Oblast
3209:Kaliningrad Oblast
3177:
3169:
3156:Kaliningrad Oblast
2998:East Upper Silesia
2845:
2808:Elbląg Voivodeship
2804:Gdańsk Voivodeship
2653:Kaliningrad Oblast
2645:Potsdam Conference
2545:RAF Bomber Command
2533:
2381:
2336:, deportations to
2302:annexed by Germany
2294:
2189:invasion of Poland
2185:
2105:Reichsbauernführer
1989:
1958:Klaipėda Territory
1868:
1688:
1558:
1522:From 1885 to 1890
1505:
1441:Congress of Vienna
1342:oath of allegiance
1326:
1118:Farther Pomeranian
1078:
994:Great Northern War
971:Kingdom of Prussia
967:Kingdom of Prussia
830:
771:Battle of Grunwald
735:
684:Kaliningrad Oblast
636:Kingdom of Prussia
506:Kingdom of Prussia
486:Kaliningrad Oblast
111:Kingdom of Prussia
11226:Regions of Europe
11178:
11177:
10870:
10869:
10851:Province of Posen
10701:(1814–1848)
10589:Western Pomerania
10581:Minden-Ravensberg
10482:Farther Pomerania
10392:Königsberg Castle
10204:978-83-7383-354-8
10112:Le Roi des aulnes
10060:978-3-8319-0438-9
9970:978-0-670-03826-8
9940:978-1-61200-058-9
9924:978-1-4259-6755-0
9820:Versailles Treaty
9785:Newman, Bernard,
9767:Embattled Borders
9757:Allen & Unwin
9652:. Penguin Books.
9548:978-3-87969-267-5
9333:978-3-421-04366-5
9197:978-3-421-04366-5
9005:978-83-8229-411-8
8962:978-0-253-06089-1
8903:978-83-8098-174-4
8790:978-1-935149-20-0
8730:978-3-86153-433-4
8443:978-83-62552-00-9
8280:Andreas Kossert,
8239:27 September 2024
8190:Schaitberger, L.
8028:Explanatory notes
7989:
7988:
7543:Preußisch Holland
7539:Preußisch Holland
7209:Landkreis Oletzko
6688:Landkreis Samland
6284:Rudolf von Brandt
6226:
6225:
5069:1903–1907: Count
5055:1895–1901: Count
5048:1891–1895: Count
4895:
4894:
4489:Total (Gumbinnen)
4458:Stadtkreis Tilsit
4428:Landkreis Tilsit
3550:Regierungsbezirk
3547:District (Kreis)
3458:county Allenstein
3407:ethnically Polish
3279:Königsberg Castle
3165:Königsberg Castle
3116:
3115:
2996:Katowice region (
2792:Masurian District
2788:Operation Vistula
2758:Masurian District
2674:Potsdam Agreement
2643:according to the
2549:Winston Churchill
2477:Polish resistance
2347:Intelligenzaktion
2148:and initiated by
2045:Max von Bahrfeldt
1939:Polish-Soviet War
1894:according to the
1855:
1854:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1783:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1740:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1703:
1652:according to the
1584:. The numbers of
1501:Königsberg Castle
1447:Regierungsbezirke
1415:Oberlandesgericht
1064:territories with
939:Holy Roman Empire
935:Holy Roman Empire
912:Frederick William
886:, son of emperor
815:Holy Roman Empire
759:Kingdom of Poland
608:Holy Roman Empire
585:Kingdom of Poland
530:region of Prussia
495:
494:
460:
459:
456:
455:
380:
379:
156:
11258:
11170:Zheleznodorozhny
11016:Cities and towns
10923:Rural localities
10897:
10890:
10883:
10874:
10873:
10856:
10840:
10820:
10812:
10804:
10771:
10751:
10743:
10735:
10702:
10685:
10684:
10675:Post-Congress of
10665:
10653:New East Prussia
10649:
10637:
10621:
10613:
10597:
10585:
10577:
10565:
10522:
10514:
10498:
10478:
10452:Duchy of Prussia
10427:
10420:
10413:
10404:
10403:
10400:
10399:
10397:
10396:
10395:
10393:
10388:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10374:
10373:
10372:
10369:
10358:
10345:
10331:
10323:
10315:
10307:
10289:
10281:
10273:
10260:
10244:East Prussia FAQ
10222:
10216:
10208:
10189:
10183:
10175:
10166:
10160:
10152:
10143:
10137:
10129:
10051:
10029:Kibelka, Ruth:
9974:
9952:
9914:Nitsch, Gunter,
9904:, London, 1994,
9675:
9673:
9671:
9662:. Archived from
9637:Northern Germany
9615:
9612:
9606:
9603:
9597:
9594:
9588:
9575:
9566:
9559:
9553:
9552:
9532:
9526:
9525:
9523:
9521:
9503:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9492:
9483:. Archived from
9473:
9467:
9466:
9458:
9452:
9451:
9449:
9447:
9428:
9422:
9421:
9411:
9402:
9401:
9392:
9386:
9385:
9371:
9365:
9364:
9362:
9360:
9341:
9335:
9325:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9314:
9308:
9293:
9284:
9278:
9272:
9266:
9256:
9250:
9237:
9231:
9230:
9210:
9199:
9189:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9178:
9150:
9148:
9146:
9118:
9098:
9092:
9080:Beevor, Antony,
9078:
9072:
9060:Beevor, Antony,
9058:
9052:
9051:
9031:
9025:
9024:
9016:
9010:
9009:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8976:
8967:
8966:
8948:
8942:
8941:
8933:
8927:
8926:
8914:
8908:
8907:
8889:
8883:
8882:
8870:
8864:
8863:
8847:
8841:
8840:
8828:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8808:. Archived from
8801:
8795:
8794:
8776:
8770:
8763:
8757:
8750:
8744:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8716:
8710:
8700:
8694:
8693:, p. 44-45.
8688:
8682:
8681:
8653:
8647:
8646:
8631:
8625:
8624:
8622:
8620:
8614:
8607:
8598:
8592:
8585:
8576:
8575:Matull, page 357
8573:
8567:
8566:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8517:
8511:
8506:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8492:
8477:
8471:
8468:
8462:
8461:
8455:
8447:
8429:
8423:
8422:
8407:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8396:
8381:
8375:
8374:
8372:
8370:
8361:. Archived from
8355:
8349:
8348:
8340:
8327:
8324:
8318:
8315:
8309:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8291:
8285:
8278:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8253:
8247:
8242:
8214:
8208:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8187:
8181:
8164:
8147:
8100:
8094:
8070:
8064:
8063:
8062:
8056:
8044:
8038:
8023:
7998:Drang nach Osten
7154:Landkreis Lötzen
7096:Górowo Iławeckie
7068:Landkreis Labiau
6818:Landkreis Goldap
6780:Zheleznodorozhny
6375:Landkreis Wehlau
6345:
6344:
6335:Cities and towns
5153:
5149:
5124:Wilhelm Kutscher
4978:New East Prussia
4923:provincial diets
3903:Preußisch Eylau
3544:
3540:
3471:, also known as
3081:Resettlers from
3067:Resettlers from
3053:Resettlers from
3039:Resettlers from
3025:Resettlers from
2982:Resettlers from
2952:Białystok region
2885:Polish expellees
2848:
2844:
2735:
2711:
2600:Wilhelm Gustloff
2397:
2209:Latvian speaking
2025:Otto-Braun-House
2021:Social Democrats
1926:district in the
1920:Regierungsbezirk
1843:
1836:
1829:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1777:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1739:Divided between:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1701:
1700:Area in 1910 in
1694:
1687:
1668:in 1914 and the
1543:and Berlin (see
1461:Regierungsbezirk
1450:
1425:economic freedom
1418:
1398:Treaty of Tilsit
1348:and his consort
1324:in February 1807
1320:Napoleon on the
1298:Duchy of Prussia
1173:Prussian reforms
1098:Gdańsk Pomerania
1023:Seven Years' War
877:Albert Frederick
862:Diet of Augsburg
842:Duchy of Prussia
819:Teutonic Knights
743:Teutonic Knights
597:Duchy of Prussia
549:Teutonic Knights
452:
451:
438:
437:
424:
423:
410:
409:
396:
395:
384:
383:
371:
370:
361:Duchy of Prussia
357:
356:
350:
349:
334:
333:
158:
157:
126:
107:
92:
80:
49:
41:
32:
31:
11266:
11265:
11261:
11260:
11259:
11257:
11256:
11255:
11216:Former exclaves
11181:
11180:
11179:
11174:
11153:
11141:
11132:
11011:
10967:Krasnoznamensky
10925:
10906:
10901:
10871:
10866:
10854:
10843:
10838:
10824:Halle-Merseburg
10818:
10810:
10798:
10785:
10782:
10774:
10765:
10749:
10741:
10733:
10700:
10686:
10680:
10679:
10676:
10668:
10659:
10643:
10631:
10619:
10607:
10591:
10583:
10571:
10563:
10547:
10520:
10508:
10502:Lauenburg–Bütow
10492:
10472:
10438:
10431:
10391:
10389:
10385:
10383:
10381:54.71°N 20.51°E
10379:
10378:
10375:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10363:
10362:
10356:
10343:
10318:
10313:
10305:
10287:
10279:
10271:
10258:
10256:Wayback Machine
10229:
10210:
10209:
10205:
10177:
10176:
10154:
10153:
10131:
10130:
10108:Michel Tournier
10048:
9988:, Würzburg 1959
9984:B. Schumacher:
9971:
9941:
9789:, London, 1938.
9769:, London, 1928.
9759:, London, 1915.
9730:, London, 1912.
9728:A & C Black
9669:
9667:
9660:
9624:
9619:
9618:
9613:
9609:
9604:
9600:
9595:
9591:
9576:
9569:
9560:
9556:
9549:
9533:
9529:
9519:
9517:
9504:
9500:
9490:
9488:
9475:
9474:
9470:
9459:
9455:
9445:
9443:
9430:
9429:
9425:
9412:
9405:
9393:
9389:
9372:
9368:
9358:
9356:
9342:
9338:
9326:
9322:
9312:
9310:
9306:
9291:
9285:
9281:
9273:
9269:
9257:
9253:
9247:Wayback Machine
9238:
9234:
9227:
9211:
9202:
9190:
9186:
9176:
9174:
9167:
9144:
9142:
9135:
9115:
9099:
9095:
9079:
9075:
9059:
9055:
9032:
9028:
9017:
9013:
9006:
8992:
8988:
8977:
8970:
8963:
8949:
8945:
8934:
8930:
8919:Notatki Płockie
8915:
8911:
8904:
8890:
8886:
8871:
8867:
8848:
8844:
8833:Notatki Płockie
8829:
8825:
8815:
8813:
8802:
8798:
8791:
8777:
8773:
8765:S. Achremczyk:
8764:
8760:
8756:, Olsztyn 2000.
8752:S. Achremczyk:
8751:
8747:
8742:
8738:
8731:
8717:
8713:
8709:, 2004, p. 102.
8701:
8697:
8689:
8685:
8654:
8650:
8644:
8641:Wayback Machine
8632:
8628:
8618:
8616:
8612:
8605:
8599:
8595:
8586:
8579:
8574:
8570:
8563:
8549:
8545:
8535:
8533:
8518:
8514:
8507:
8500:
8490:
8488:
8479:
8478:
8474:
8469:
8465:
8449:
8448:
8444:
8430:
8426:
8408:
8404:
8394:
8392:
8383:
8382:
8378:
8368:
8366:
8357:
8356:
8352:
8341:
8330:
8325:
8321:
8316:
8312:
8307:
8303:
8292:
8288:
8279:
8272:
8262:
8260:
8254:
8250:
8245:Wayback Machine
8240:
8230:Wayback Machine
8215:
8211:
8201:
8199:
8188:
8184:
8179:Wayback Machine
8165:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8150:
8101:
8097:
8084:Prusy Wschodnie
8066:
8058:
8057:
8040:
8039:
8035:
8030:
7994:
7963:Warmia-Masuria
7943:Warmia-Masuria
7901:Warmia-Masuria
7808:Warmia-Masuria
7785:Warmia-Masuria
7760:Warmia-Masuria
7689:Warmia-Masuria
7667:Warmia-Masuria
7645:Warmia-Masuria
7622:Warmia-Masuria
7602:Warmia-Masuria
7553:Warmia-Masuria
7522:Preußisch Eylau
7518:Preußisch Eylau
7491:Warmia-Masuria
7471:Warmia-Masuria
7450:Warmia-Masuria
7429:Warmia-Masuria
7385:Warmia-Masuria
7363:Warmia-Masuria
7335:Warmia-Masuria
7313:Warmia-Masuria
7271:Warmia-Masuria
7221:Warmia-Masuria
7194:Warmia-Masuria
7171:Warmia-Masuria
7143:Warmia-Masuria
7120:Warmia-Masuria
7100:Warmia-Masuria
7090:Preußisch Eylau
7014:Warmia-Masuria
6970:Warmia-Masuria
6944:Klaipėda County
6920:Warmia-Masuria
6909:Kreis Heilsberg
6875:Warmia-Masuria
6830:Warmia-Masuria
6807:Warmia-Masuria
6761:Warmia-Masuria
6721:Warmia-Masuria
6673:Chernyshevskoye
6654:Warmia-Masuria
6587:Warmia-Masuria
6564:Warmia-Masuria
6543:Warmia-Masuria
6532:Landkreis Rößel
6521:Warmia-Masuria
6498:Warmia-Masuria
6475:Warmia-Masuria
6452:Warmia-Masuria
6343:
6337:
6231:
6216:
6206:
6196:
6184:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5314:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5148:
4948:
4939:Landeshauptmann
4900:
3504:
3488:Roman Catholics
3435:Roman Catholics
3383:
3378:
3366:Klaipėda Region
3335:right of return
3331:German citizens
3319:European Russia
3304:Royal Air Force
3295:
3283:Leonid Brezhnev
3231:Curonian Lagoon
3205:Mikhail Kalinin
3189:Klaipėda Region
3158:
3152:
3126:annexed by the
2839:
2768:
2756:Main articles:
2754:
2747:
2736:
2727:
2712:
2682:
2661:Klaipėda Region
2629:
2521:
2515:
2436:forced laborers
2391:
2377:Chernyshevskoye
2322:Nazi propaganda
2316:(Działdowo) to
2288:German-annexed
2269:, and camps in
2187:After the 1939
2177:
2169:Klaipėda region
1974:
1960:(Memelland), a
1912:Polish Corridor
1904:Klaipėda Region
1860:
1858:Weimar Republic
1817:Klaipėda Region
1776:
1726:37,002 km
1686:
1654:Schlieffen Plan
1626:
1610:Lithuania Minor
1566:Roman Catholics
1497:King of Prussia
1485:
1366:Battle of Eylau
1314:
1312:Napoleonic Wars
1046:Lithuania Minor
1031:
959:King in Prussia
924:Hieronymus Roth
869:prince-electors
850:Prussian Homage
724:
692:Klaipėda Region
664:Lithuania Minor
660:Memel Territory
656:Polish Corridor
654:(the so-called
593:Prussian Homage
514:Weimar Republic
491:
449:
435:
421:
407:
393:
388:Klaipėda Region
368:
354:
324:
319:
314:
310:
284:
271:
264:3 December 1829
261:
254:31 January 1772
251:
218:
196:
159:
152:
149:
147:
145:
127:
108:
98:
97:
96:
93:
85:
84:
81:
67:
50:
43:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11264:
11254:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11176:
11175:
11173:
11172:
11167:
11161:
11159:
11155:
11154:
11152:
11151:
11145:
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3446:Catholic Poles
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3154:Main article:
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3124:Eastern Poland
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3092:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3083:Rzeszów region
3078:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2919:City of Warsaw
2914:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2838:
2835:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2737:
2730:
2728:
2716:Eastern Europe
2713:
2706:
2681:
2678:
2628:
2625:
2517:Main article:
2514:
2511:
2420:Stalag Luft VI
2330:various crimes
2306:Suwałki Region
2259:Czechoslovakia
2255:Theresienstadt
2176:
2173:
2037:Otto Wyrgatsch
1973:
1970:
1951:Weimar Germany
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1830:33,609 km
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1685:
1682:
1638:Russian Empire
1634:theatre of war
1625:
1622:
1580:was spoken in
1491:Coronation of
1484:
1481:
1469:personal union
1313:
1310:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1167:(Prabuty) and
1150:Partition Sejm
1030:
1027:
943:Teutonic Order
884:Maximilian III
803:Greater Poland
751:monastic state
723:
720:
696:Lithuanian SSR
662:, part of the
652:Weimar Germany
493:
492:
490:
489:
479:
474:
468:
466:
462:
461:
458:
457:
454:
453:
446:
440:
439:
432:
426:
425:
418:
412:
411:
404:
398:
397:
390:
381:
378:
377:
372:
364:
363:
358:
346:
345:
340:
330:
329:
305:
301:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
282:Disestablished
279:
276:
275:
272:
269:
266:
265:
262:
259:
256:
255:
252:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
177:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
150:
142:Ostpreußenlied
137:
136:
130:
129:
119:
118:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
82:
75:
74:
73:
70:
69:
63:
62:
52:
51:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11263:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11162:
11160:
11156:
11150:
11147:
11146:
11144:
11139:
11135:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11033:Chernyakhovsk
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11023:Bagrationovsk
11021:
11020:
11018:
11014:
11008:
11007:Zelenogradsky
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10934:
10932:
10928:
10924:
10920:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10905:
10898:
10893:
10891:
10886:
10884:
10879:
10878:
10875:
10864:
10860:
10852:
10846:
10837:
10833:
10829:
10825:
10822:
10817:
10814:
10809:
10806:
10802:
10797:
10796:Upper Silesia
10793:
10790:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10777:
10769:
10764:
10760:
10756:
10753:
10748:
10745:
10740:
10737:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10690:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10671:
10663:
10658:
10654:
10651:
10647:
10642:
10641:South Prussia
10639:
10635:
10630:
10626:
10623:
10618:
10615:
10611:
10606:
10602:
10599:
10595:
10590:
10587:
10582:
10579:
10575:
10570:
10567:
10562:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10554:
10550:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10528:
10527:
10524:
10519:
10516:
10512:
10507:
10503:
10500:
10496:
10491:
10487:
10483:
10480:
10476:
10471:
10467:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10449:
10447:
10445:
10441:
10436:
10428:
10423:
10421:
10416:
10414:
10409:
10408:
10405:
10401:
10398:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10329:
10328:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10309:
10302:
10300:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10286:
10283:
10278:
10275:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10257:
10253:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:Large archive
10234:
10231:
10230:
10220:
10214:
10206:
10200:
10196:
10191:
10187:
10181:
10173:
10168:
10164:
10158:
10150:
10145:
10141:
10135:
10127:
10122:
10121:
10117:
10116:
10113:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10100:
10099:Georges Blond
10097:
10095:
10091:
10090:Pierre Benoît
10088:
10087:
10083:
10082:
10078:
10077:3-89426-059-9
10074:
10070:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10057:
10053:
10049:
10047:83-85135-93-6
10043:
10039:
10034:
10032:
10028:
10026:
10023:Falk, Lucy:
10022:
10020:
10016:
10014:
10010:
10008:
10004:
10002:
10001:3-88680-212-4
9998:
9994:
9990:
9987:
9983:
9982:
9978:
9977:
9972:
9966:
9962:
9958:
9954:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9936:
9932:
9927:
9925:
9921:
9917:
9916:Weeds Like Us
9913:
9911:
9910:1-85619-267-9
9907:
9903:
9899:
9895:
9893:
9892:0-582-49182-7
9889:
9885:
9881:
9877:
9875:
9874:0-582-48190-2
9871:
9867:
9863:
9859:
9856:
9852:
9849:
9846:
9842:
9838:
9835:
9831:
9828:, Professor,
9827:
9824:
9821:
9817:
9813:
9809:
9806:
9805:0-299-18544-3
9802:
9798:
9794:
9791:
9788:
9784:
9781:
9777:
9774:
9771:
9768:
9764:
9761:
9758:
9754:
9750:
9746:
9743:
9740:
9736:
9732:
9729:
9725:
9721:
9718:
9714:
9710:
9706:
9704:
9703:0-312-12159-8
9700:
9696:
9692:
9689:
9686:
9685:0-8032-4910-1
9682:
9678:
9665:
9661:
9659:0-670-88695-5
9655:
9651:
9650:
9645:
9641:
9638:
9634:
9631:
9630:
9626:
9625:
9611:
9602:
9593:
9586:
9582:
9581:
9580:Der Stahlhelm
9574:
9572:
9564:
9558:
9550:
9544:
9540:
9539:
9531:
9515:
9511:
9510:
9502:
9486:
9482:
9478:
9472:
9464:
9457:
9441:
9437:
9433:
9427:
9419:
9418:
9410:
9408:
9399:
9391:
9383:
9379:
9378:
9370:
9354:
9350:
9349:
9340:
9334:
9330:
9324:
9305:
9301:
9298:(in Polish).
9297:
9290:
9283:
9276:
9271:
9265:
9264:3-88680-808-4
9261:
9255:
9248:
9244:
9241:
9236:
9228:
9226:0-7425-1094-8
9222:
9218:
9217:
9209:
9207:
9205:
9198:
9194:
9188:
9172:
9168:
9166:9780880331746
9162:
9158:
9157:
9140:
9136:
9134:9780674926851
9130:
9126:
9125:
9116:
9114:9781847790323
9110:
9106:
9105:
9097:
9091:
9090:0-670-88695-5
9087:
9083:
9077:
9071:
9070:0-670-88695-5
9067:
9063:
9057:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9038:(in Polish).
9037:
9030:
9022:
9015:
9007:
9001:
8997:
8990:
8982:
8975:
8973:
8964:
8958:
8954:
8947:
8939:
8938:Studia Ełckie
8932:
8924:
8921:(in Polish).
8920:
8913:
8905:
8899:
8895:
8888:
8880:
8876:
8869:
8862:. p. 78.
8861:
8857:
8853:
8846:
8838:
8835:(in Polish).
8834:
8827:
8811:
8807:
8800:
8792:
8786:
8782:
8775:
8768:
8762:
8755:
8749:
8740:
8732:
8726:
8722:
8715:
8708:
8704:
8699:
8692:
8687:
8679:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8652:
8642:
8638:
8635:
8630:
8611:
8604:
8597:
8590:
8584:
8582:
8572:
8564:
8562:3-16-148403-7
8558:
8554:
8547:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8520:Jehke, Rolf.
8516:
8510:
8505:
8503:
8486:
8482:
8476:
8467:
8459:
8453:
8445:
8439:
8435:
8428:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8406:
8390:
8386:
8380:
8364:
8360:
8354:
8346:
8339:
8337:
8335:
8333:
8323:
8314:
8308:Górski, p. 54
8305:
8297:
8290:
8283:
8277:
8275:
8259:
8252:
8246:
8238:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8224:
8220:
8219:
8213:
8197:
8193:
8186:
8180:
8176:
8173:
8169:
8163:
8159:
8145:
8141:
8137:
8136:Lewałd Wielki
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8099:
8093:
8089:
8085:
8081:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8061:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8037:
8033:
8022:
8021:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7995:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7925:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7900:
7897:
7893:
7890:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7832:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7784:
7781:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7759:
7756:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7714:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7692:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7594:
7591:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7536:
7532:
7530:
7529:Bagrationovsk
7527:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7453:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7432:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7359:
7355:
7352:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7267:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7060:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7013:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6992:
6990:
6989:Chernyakhovsk
6987:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6361:Current Name
6360:
6358:Pop. in 1939
6357:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6327:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6232:
6222:
6212:
6202:
6192:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6134:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6091:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5713:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5522:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5294:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5154:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5102:August Winnig
5099:
5096:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4914:
4907:
4905:
4904:Oberpräsident
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4568:Johannisburg
4567:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3694:Heiligenbeil
3693:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3516:
3508:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3469:Old Believers
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3387:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3356:, Poland and
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:Volga Germans
3312:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3293:Modern status
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3275:military zone
3272:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3173:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:Kraków region
3066:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Lublin region
3052:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:Kielce region
3038:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:Poznań region
2981:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2933:Warsaw region
2930:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2843:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:Wolf children
2697:
2696:Deutsch Eylau
2693:
2688:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2635:'s defeat in
2634:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2570:Eastern Front
2567:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2460:Eastern front
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2375:Eydtkau (now
2373:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2338:forced labour
2335:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2237:and Lutheran
2236:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:Lietuvininkai
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2156:were sent to
2155:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2143:Oberpräsident
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:Walter Schütz
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:in which the
1940:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1851:
1849:East Prussia
1848:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1825:East Prussia
1824:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1797:2,828 km
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1697:East Prussia
1696:
1695:
1692:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:Western Front
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:Germanization
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:High Prussian
1575:
1571:
1568:, and 13,877
1567:
1563:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1534:gained 8.5%,
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:German Empire
1510:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1483:German Empire
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:. The French
1359:
1355:
1354:Curonian Spit
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:Royal Prussia
1087:
1083:
1075:
1072:(yellow) and
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:Frederick III
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:Maximilian II
885:
880:
878:
874:
870:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
836:converted to
835:
826:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:Royal Prussia
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:Old Prussians
752:
748:
744:
740:
733:
728:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:Joseph Stalin
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:German Empire
637:
632:
630:
626:
621:
617:
616:Royal Prussia
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:Germanization
559:. Because of
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:Old Prussians
537:
535:
531:
527:
524:(present-day
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:German Empire
507:
503:
499:
487:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
467:
465:Today part of
463:
447:
445:
442:
441:
433:
431:
428:
427:
419:
417:
414:
413:
405:
403:
400:
399:
391:
389:
386:
385:
382:
376:
373:
366:
365:
362:
359:
352:
351:
348:
347:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
331:
327:
322:
317:
313:
309:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:1 August 1945
286:
283:
277:
273:
267:
263:
257:
253:
250:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
192:
188:
184:
181:
180:East Prussian
178:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
144:
143:
138:
135:
131:
125:
120:
116:
115:German Empire
113:, within the
112:
106:
101:
91:
79:
71:
64:
61:
57:
53:
47:
40:
33:
30:
26:
22:
21:vorpostenboot
11201:East Prussia
11128:Zelenogradsk
11002:Svetlogorsky
10916:
10763:Hesse-Nassau
10747:Hohenzollern
10629:West Prussia
10386:54.71; 20.51
10361:
10325:
10298:
10197:. Warszawa.
10194:
10171:
10148:
10125:
10111:
10102:
10093:
10068:
10037:
10030:
10024:
10018:
10012:
10006:
9992:
9985:
9960:
9930:
9915:
9897:
9879:
9861:
9854:
9851:Kopelev, Lev
9840:
9829:
9811:
9796:
9786:
9779:
9766:
9752:
9748:
9723:
9708:
9694:
9668:. Retrieved
9664:the original
9648:
9636:
9610:
9601:
9592:
9578:
9562:
9557:
9537:
9530:
9518:. Retrieved
9508:
9501:
9489:. Retrieved
9485:the original
9480:
9471:
9462:
9456:
9444:. Retrieved
9435:
9426:
9416:
9396:
9390:
9376:
9369:
9357:. Retrieved
9346:
9339:
9323:
9311:. Retrieved
9299:
9295:
9282:
9270:
9254:
9235:
9215:
9187:
9175:. Retrieved
9155:
9143:. Retrieved
9123:
9103:
9096:
9081:
9076:
9061:
9056:
9039:
9035:
9029:
9020:
9014:
8995:
8989:
8980:
8952:
8946:
8937:
8931:
8922:
8918:
8912:
8893:
8887:
8874:
8868:
8851:
8845:
8836:
8832:
8826:
8814:. Retrieved
8810:the original
8799:
8780:
8774:
8766:
8761:
8753:
8748:
8739:
8720:
8714:
8706:
8698:
8686:
8661:
8657:
8651:
8629:
8617:. Retrieved
8596:
8588:
8571:
8552:
8546:
8534:. Retrieved
8525:
8515:
8489:. Retrieved
8475:
8466:
8433:
8427:
8414:
8405:
8393:. Retrieved
8379:
8367:. Retrieved
8363:the original
8353:
8344:
8322:
8313:
8304:
8295:
8289:
8281:
8261:. Retrieved
8251:
8216:
8212:
8200:. Retrieved
8185:
8172:East Prussia
8162:
8098:
8092:Rytų Prūsija
8072:Low Prussian
8036:
7985:Kaliningrad
7974:Heiligenbeil
7922:Kaliningrad
7873:Kaliningrad
7852:Kaliningrad
7829:Kaliningrad
7733:Kaliningrad
7711:Kaliningrad
7673:Schippenbeil
7576:Kaliningrad
7533:Kaliningrad
7512:Kaliningrad
7406:Kaliningrad
7080:Kaliningrad
7057:Kaliningrad
7035:Kaliningrad
7003:Johannisburg
6999:Johannisburg
6993:Kaliningrad
6898:Kaliningrad
6881:Heiligenbeil
6871:Dobre Miasto
6853:Kaliningrad
6784:Kaliningrad
6751:Johannisburg
6741:Kaliningrad
6700:Kaliningrad
6677:Kaliningrad
6633:Kaliningrad
6613:Kaliningrad
6527:Bischofsburg
6352:
6090:Poles' Party
4973:
4956:
4937:
4933:
4926:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4901:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4399:Stallupönen
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
3607:Fischhausen
3523:
3521:
3481:
3473:Philipponnen
3448:- so called
3399:West Prussia
3392:
3376:Demographics
3360:have become
3339:
3333:through the
3308:
3296:
3251:
3247:West Germany
3239:Soviet Union
3224:
3217:
3199:was renamed
3187:", with the
3184:
3178:
3120:World War II
3117:
3013:City of Łódź
2840:
2827:West Germany
2819:Polonization
2816:
2769:
2720:World War II
2683:
2641:Soviet Union
2637:World War II
2633:Nazi Germany
2630:
2621:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2588:
2573:
2561:
2552:
2534:
2500:
2474:
2463:
2457:
2406:, including
2402:and several
2382:
2351:
2345:
2327:
2296:In 1939 the
2295:
2273:in occupied
2265:in occupied
2257:in occupied
2231:World War II
2228:
2186:
2175:World War II
2162:
2154:Nazi Germany
2150:Adolf Hitler
2123:Old Prussian
2114:In 1938 the
2113:
2104:
2092:Walther Funk
2080:unemployment
2076:
2068:Adolf Hitler
2061:
2049:Reichsbanner
2032:
2009:collectivize
1990:
1981:Adolf Hitler
1972:Nazi Germany
1955:
1936:
1919:
1869:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1674:
1627:
1574:Low Prussian
1559:
1544:
1521:
1506:
1460:
1429:emancipation
1402:
1362:Grande Armée
1327:
1294:West Prussia
1290:Frederick II
1287:
1154:
1146:Marienwerder
1142:West Prussia
1138:Chełmno Land
1130:East Prussia
1129:
1080:In the 1772
1079:
1066:Marienwerder
1061:
1037:
990:Old Prussian
979:
974:
932:
881:
866:Hohenzollern
831:
811:protectorate
736:
732:14th century
688:Russian SFSR
680:Soviet Union
672:Nazi Germany
633:
627:to form the
625:West Prussia
605:
579:. After the
557:Christianity
551:. After the
545:13th century
538:
534:Baltic Coast
498:East Prussia
497:
496:
444:Soviet Union
343:Succeeded by
342:
337:
321:West Prussia
274:1 April 1878
217:• 1905
141:
117:, as of 1878
95:Coat of arms
35:East Prussia
29:
20:
11118:Svetlogorsk
11053:Kaliningrad
10977:Nesterovsky
10918:Kaliningrad
10859:Lower Rhine
10742:(1824–1878)
10693:Brandenburg
10657:New Silesia
10617:East Frisia
10490:Halberstadt
10444:Before 1701
10437:(1525–1947)
10384: /
10357:(in German)
10314:(in German)
10288:(in German)
10280:(in German)
10272:(in German)
10174:. Warszawa.
9957:Tooze, Adam
9491:23 December
9446:23 December
9436:wojnowo.net
9359:23 December
9313:10 November
8645:(in German)
8619:14 February
8020:Ostsiedlung
7818:Stallupönen
7814:Stallupönen
7678:Bartenstein
7477:Peterswalde
7200:Marggrabowa
7031:Kaliningrad
6757:Biała Piska
6731:Bartenstein
6683:Fischhausen
6623:Bartenstein
6504:Bartenstein
6324:1941–1945:
6310:1936–1941:
6303:1928–1936:
6296:1916–1928:
6289:1909–1916:
6282:1896–1909:
6275:1888–1896:
6264:1884–1888:
6255:Fortschritt
6249:1878–1884:
6234:1876–1878:
5133:1933–1945:
5122:1932–1933:
5113:Ernst Siehr
5111:1920–1932:
5100:1919–1920:
5090:1916–1918:
5083:1914–1916:
5076:1907–1914:
5062:1901–1903:
5041:1882–1891:
5034:1869–1882:
5024:1850–1868:
5017:1849–1850:
5010:1848–1849:
5003:1842–1848:
4992:1824–1842:
4985:1814–1824:
4968:1791–1808:
4951:1765–1791:
4919:governorate
4911:districts (
4776:Allenstein
4747:Allenstein
4716:Allenstein
4687:Allenstein
4684:Ortelsburg
4658:Allenstein
4655:Neidenburg
4629:Allenstein
4600:Allenstein
4571:Allenstein
3995:Königsberg
3966:Königsberg
3935:Königsberg
3906:Königsberg
3877:Königsberg
3846:Königsberg
3817:Königsberg
3786:Königsberg
3755:Königsberg
3726:Königsberg
3697:Königsberg
3668:Königsberg
3639:Königsberg
3610:Königsberg
3576:Braunsberg
3568:Lithuanian
3553:Population
3403:Karl Andree
3258:Belarusians
3201:Kaliningrad
3027:Łódź region
2863:Autochthons
2823:Autochthons
2778:as well as
2772:expatriates
2738:Changes in
2665:Kaliningrad
2529:RAF bombing
2465:Wolf's Lair
2392: [
2243:Nazi German
2109:neopaganist
2057:Kurt Kotzan
2043:politician
2029:Gustav Sauf
1754:565 km
1691:World War I
1624:World War I
1562:Protestants
1528:Brandenburg
1515:during the
1427:as well as
1304:became the
1191:Brandenburg
1177:General War
1006:Samogitians
838:Lutheranism
708:Kaliningrad
648:World War I
573:Lithuanians
526:Kaliningrad
338:Preceded by
328:(from 1939)
323:(1922–1939)
318:(from 1905)
249:Established
195:• 1905
148:(1930—1945)
11185:Categories
10992:Pravdinsky
10962:Gvardeysky
10783:after 1918
10726:Westphalia
10553:After 1701
10541:St. Thomas
10531:Gold Coast
10470:Ravensberg
10390: (
9520:17 January
8816:8 December
8691:Tooze 2006
8395:8 December
8369:3 November
8263:8 December
8202:8 December
8088:Lithuanian
8076:Ostpreißen
8050:Ostpreußen
7953:Braunsberg
7932:Ortelsburg
7928:Willenberg
7896:Wartembork
7862:Stadtkreis
7796:Neidenburg
7729:Dobrovolsk
7722:Pillkallen
7695:Schirwindt
7597:Rastembork
7586:Rastenburg
7582:Rastenburg
7487:Piertzwald
7460:Ortelsburg
7456:Passenheim
7412:Ortelsburg
7391:Nordenburg
7369:Nikolaiken
7341:Neidenburg
7319:Mühlhausen
7281:Stadtkreis
7256:Braunsberg
7232:Marienburg
7024:Stadtkreis
7011:(Jańsbork)
6976:Insterburg
6956:Hohenstein
6790:Gilgenburg
6747:Gehlenburg
6710:Braunsberg
6660:Eydtkuhnen
6643:Stadtkreis
6570:Braunsberg
6517:Bartoszyce
6486:Rastenburg
6400:Allenstein
6351:District (
6348:City/Town
6305:Paul Blunk
5135:Erich Koch
4962:Königsberg
4927:Provinzial
4808:Allenstein
4541:Allenstein
4536:Allenstein
4462:Gumbinnen
4431:Gumbinnen
4402:Gumbinnen
4373:Gumbinnen
4344:Gumbinnen
4341:Pilkallen
4315:Gumbinnen
4286:Gumbinnen
4283:Niederung
4257:Gumbinnen
4226:Gumbinnen
4197:Gumbinnen
4166:Gumbinnen
4163:Gumbinnen
4137:Gumbinnen
4106:Gumbinnen
4027:Königsberg
3962:Rastenburg
3723:Heilsberg
3636:Friedland
3580:Königsberg
3536:Allenstein
3528:Königsberg
3494:and 2,389
3492:Mennonites
3486:, 120,123
3344:, and the
3309:Since the
3262:Ukrainians
3203:to honour
3197:Königsberg
2873:citizens)
2780:Ukrainians
2744:World Wars
2631:Following
2609:, and the
2566:Erich Koch
2537:Königsberg
2416:Stalag I-F
2412:Stalag I-B
2408:Stalag I-A
2389:Hohenbruch
2358:expulsions
2320:. Despite
2263:Kaiserwald
2220:Lithuanian
2218:who spoke
2212:Kursenieki
2163:After the
2146:Erich Koch
2072:Nazi Party
2039:; and the
2013:Nazi Party
1997:Erich Koch
1985:Erich Koch
1928:Allenstein
1872:Wilhelm II
1658:Rastenburg
1606:Kursenieki
1590:Kursenieki
1564:, 269,196
1536:Westphalia
1473:real union
1465:Allenstein
1457:Königsberg
1251:Insterburg
1236:Lithuanian
1216:Braunsberg
1201:Rastenburg
1196:Neidenburg
1165:Riesenburg
1070:Marienburg
1052:(yellow),
975:Altpreußen
953:, Elector
928:absolutist
916:Königsberg
722:Background
698:) and the
646:following
522:Königsberg
316:Allenstein
312:Königsberg
204:Population
168:Königsberg
39:Ostpreußen
11098:Pravdinsk
11088:Pionersky
11063:Ladushkin
11048:Gvardeysk
10952:Guryevsky
10942:Baltiysky
10930:Districts
10857:From the
10832:Kurhessen
10828:Magdeburg
10706:Pomerania
10682:(1814–15)
10561:Neuchâtel
10518:Magdeburg
10213:cite book
10180:cite book
10157:cite book
10151:. Poznań.
10134:cite book
10128:. Gdańsk.
9949:783289112
9751:- vol.1:
9177:2 October
9145:2 October
9048:0137-5377
8678:143888997
8452:cite book
8154:Citations
8124:Lubstynek
8108:Działdowo
8068:‹See Tfd›
8042:‹See Tfd›
7848:Gvardeysk
7804:Działdowo
7751:Jeziorany
7656:Mohrungen
7381:Mikołajki
7302:Mohrungen
7298:Mohrungen
7292:Klaipėda
7262:Pieniężno
7246:(Poland)
7211:/Treuburg
7131:Mohrungen
7126:Liebstadt
7106:Liebemühl
7053:Slavskoye
6966:Olsztynek
6948:Lithuania
6926:Heydekrug
6904:Heilsberg
6859:Guttstadt
6836:Gumbinnen
6737:Pravdinsk
6602:Darkehmen
6593:Darkehmen
6560:Bisztynek
6539:Biskupiec
6443:Węgorzewo
6430:Angerburg
6370:Allenburg
5261:+0.7 (-)
4958:Gumbinnen
4865:1,614,724
4860:2,030,174
4773:Sensburg
4713:Osterode
4494:Gumbinnen
4193:Heydekrug
4102:Darkehmen
4074:Gumbinnen
4069:Angerburg
3873:Mohrungen
3665:Gerdauen
3532:Gumbinnen
3460:(Polish:
3431:Lutherans
3358:Lithuania
3227:Curonians
3140:Podlachia
2657:Lithuania
2580:Wehrmacht
2563:Gauleiter
2445:Ostrołęka
2441:Ciechanów
2379:) in 1941
2353:Aktion T4
2290:Ostrołęka
2279:Holocaust
2239:Masurians
2197:Ciechanów
2139:Gauleiter
2127:colonists
2005:Reichstag
1924:Działdowo
1791:Lithuania
1780:Działdowo
1734:2,064,175
1721:Given to:
1664:, in the
1662:Gumbinnen
1636:when the
1586:Masurians
1546:Ostflucht
1541:Ruhr Area
1532:Rhineland
1519:in 1871.
1493:William I
1453:Gumbinnen
1336:in 1806,
1271:Seehesten
1246:Gumbinnen
1240:Gumbinnen
1230:(Ermland)
1228:Mohrungen
1224:(Ermland)
1222:Heilsberg
1218:(Ermland)
1169:Schönberg
1157:districts
1102:Pomerelia
1094:Pomerania
1048:(green),
1042:John Cary
947:Leopold I
920:Królewiec
918:(Polish:
858:enfeoffed
791:Pomerelia
767:Lithuania
712:evacuated
668:Lithuania
477:Lithuania
308:Gumbinnen
221:2,030,174
68:1878–1945
66:1772–1829
11165:Primorsk
11149:Yantarny
11103:Primorsk
11078:Nesterov
11068:Mamonovo
11038:Guryevsk
11028:Baltiysk
10987:Polessky
10982:Ozyorsky
10972:Nemansky
10957:Gusevsky
10853:in 1848.
10569:Guelders
10526:Colonies
10252:Archived
9959:(2006).
9717:24402359
9697:, 1994,
9635:, Karl,
9633:Baedeker
9583:and the
9514:Archived
9440:Archived
9353:Archived
9304:Archived
9243:Archived
9171:Archived
9139:Archived
8637:Archived
8610:Archived
8530:Archived
8485:Archived
8413:(1882).
8389:Archived
8237:Archived
8234:Prussian
8226:Archived
8196:Archived
8175:Archived
8140:Grzybiny
8128:Napromek
8116:Dąbrówno
7992:See also
7949:Wormditt
7939:Wielbark
7918:Znamensk
7892:Barczewo
7825:Nesterov
7780:Żądzbork
7770:Sensburg
7766:Sensburg
7707:Kutuzovo
7651:Saalfeld
7508:Baltiysk
7481:Osterode
7439:Osterode
7425:Szczytno
7395:Gerdauen
7288:Klaipėda
7252:Mehlsack
7204:Treuburg
7139:Miłakowo
7116:Miłomłyn
7110:Osterode
6960:Osterode
6894:Mamonovo
6803:Dąbrówno
6767:Gerdauen
6717:Frombork
6696:Primorsk
6597:Angerapp
6583:Braniewo
6494:Barciany
6447:Węgobork
6257:, later
6242:, later
6003:not run
6000:not run
5997:not run
5994:not run
5960:not run
5957:not run
5954:not run
5951:not run
5948:not run
5945:not run
5942:not run
5939:not run
5895:not run
5892:not run
5889:not run
5886:not run
5786:not run
5783:not run
5780:not run
5777:not run
5630:Parties
5353:(+17.8)
5267:+2 (-4)
5156:Parties
4929:landtage
4312:Oletzko
3792:221,167
3789:223,770
3450:Warmiaks
3415:Curonian
3372:policy.
3254:Russians
3243:fascists
3235:Red Army
3183:as the "
3112:100.00%
3109:847,295
2960:102,634
2942:158,953
2898:172,480
2876:134,702
2857:Percent
2687:expelled
2670:expelled
2584:Red Army
2557:fortress
2334:roundups
2235:Warmians
2131:refugees
2094:and the
1880:republic
1530:and the
1338:Napoleon
1300:and the
1275:Sensburg
1112:and the
1062:Oberland
1050:Natangia
553:conquest
502:province
326:Zichenau
56:Province
11113:Sovetsk
11093:Polessk
11083:Ozyorsk
10997:Slavsky
10849:Became
10768:1866–68
10759:Hanover
10721:Silesia
10634:1772–73
10601:Silesia
10596:/ 1815)
10506:Draheim
10435:Prussia
10371:20°31′E
10368:54°43′N
9898:Prussia
9884:Longman
9866:Longman
9847:, 1956.
9724:Germany
9709:History
8536:10 June
8491:10 June
8243:at the
8132:Czerlin
8120:Groszki
8112:Ostróda
8104:Nidzica
7981:Kornevo
7869:Sovetsk
7776:Mrągowo
7739:Seeburg
7685:Sępopol
7593:Kętrzyn
7501:Samland
7446:Ostróda
7402:Krylovo
7354:Nidzica
7331:Młynary
7239:Malbork
7162:Giżycko
7076:Polessk
7027:372 000
6629:Domnovo
6609:Ozyorsk
6413:Olsztyn
6383:Druzhba
6138:Others
5471:Zentrum
5398:(+5.1)
5315:in SPD
4998:Prussia
4875:294,355
4828:276,814
4818:242,751
4813:533,263
4788:25,381
4782:21,960
4779:49,187
4753:42,555
4750:50,390
4728:33,129
4722:39,778
4719:73,421
4699:50,665
4693:17,221
4690:69,464
4670:38,690
4664:16,304
4661:57,325
4641:30,555
4635:23,562
4632:55,790
4612:16,877
4606:21,997
4603:41,609
4597:Lötzen
4583:35,433
4577:13,651
4574:50,452
4554:38,701
4548:45,723
4545:85,625
4504:517,126
4499:603,484
4468:35,598
4465:37,148
4449:20,674
4437:25,322
4434:46,441
4408:43,099
4405:43,875
4379:45,525
4376:54,741
4370:Ragnit
4350:41,982
4347:46,230
4327:12,451
4321:24,575
4318:38,536
4292:47,792
4289:55,129
4263:28,412
4260:28,902
4232:45,693
4229:46,237
4215:23,279
4203:19,124
4200:43,268
4172:50,703
4169:50,918
4143:42,891
4140:43,829
4112:32,137
4109:32,285
4081:34,273
4078:35,945
4037:854,847
4032:893,427
4001:46,401
3998:46,774
3992:Wehlau
3972:45,998
3969:46,985
3941:38,505
3938:38,599
3912:49,325
3909:49,465
3883:52,215
3880:52,408
3864:26,328
3852:33,508
3849:61,018
3823:45,659
3820:51,295
3761:45,342
3758:45,486
3732:51,473
3729:51,690
3703:43,909
3700:43,951
3674:33,778
3671:33,983
3645:40,784
3642:40,822
3616:52,235
3613:52,430
3587:54,548
3584:54,751
3562:Polish
3556:German
3477:Wojnowo
3462:Olsztyn
3419:Latvian
3321:in the
3271:Talpaki
3267:Domnovo
3136:Sudovia
3132:Masovia
3098:13,629
3087:47,626
3059:60,313
3045:20,878
2974:83,921
2963:12.11%
2956:Sudovia
2945:18.76%
2937:Masovia
2923:22,418
2901:20.36%
2879:15.90%
2854:Number
2802:and to
2740:Germany
2575:Endsieg
2543:by two
2531:in 1944
2493:neutral
2470:Gierłoż
2453:Suwałki
2428:Italian
2362:ghettos
2251:Masuria
2229:During
2201:Suwałki
2062:In the
1910:as the
1900:exclave
1874:in the
1628:At the
1612:). The
1602:Masuria
1503:in 1861
1431:of the
1332:at the
1206:Samland
1134:Vistula
1110:Chełmno
1106:Malbork
1076:(green)
949:in the
871:of the
747:Prussia
694:in the
618:in the
565:Germans
504:of the
280:•
247:•
234:History
175:Demonym
164:Capital
60:Prussia
11123:Svetly
11108:Slavsk
10839:(1944)
10836:Nassau
10819:(1922)
10811:(1920)
10750:(1850)
10734:(1822)
10716:Saxony
10677:Vienna
10620:(1744)
10584:(1719)
10564:(1707)
10536:Arguin
10521:(1680)
10486:Minden
10462:Cleves
10201:
10094:Axelle
10075:
10058:
10044:
9999:
9967:
9947:
9937:
9922:
9908:
9890:
9872:
9803:
9737:
9715:
9701:
9683:
9656:
9545:
9331:
9262:
9223:
9195:
9163:
9131:
9111:
9088:
9068:
9046:
9042:: 30.
9002:
8959:
8900:
8787:
8754:Warmia
8727:
8676:
8559:
8440:
8080:Polish
8046:German
7969:Zinten
7959:Orneta
7911:Wehlau
7907:Wehlau
7865:59 105
7858:Tilsit
7840:Wehlau
7835:Tapiau
7791:Soldau
7755:Zybork
7663:Zalewo
7641:Reszel
7612:Lötzen
7589:19 634
7568:10 094
7559:Ragnit
7549:Pasłęk
7504:12 000
7497:Pillau
7442:19 519
7421:14 234
7358:Nibork
7284:41 297
7266:Melzak
7217:Olecko
7186:16 482
7158:13 000
7149:Lötzen
7063:Labiau
6985:48 711
6939:Šilutė
6890:12 100
6845:24 534
6826:Gołdap
6822:12 786
6813:Goldap
6650:Elbląg
6646:85 952
6639:Elbing
6619:Domnau
6579:21 142
6513:12 912
6481:Barten
6471:Orzysz
6439:10 922
6422:Poland
6409:50 396
6392:Russia
5811:+53,9
5365:-18.5
5359:(+16)
5330:+13.4
5313:merged
5285:-12.4
4913:Kreise
4885:97,111
4791:51.6%
4785:44.6%
4762:14.7%
4759:7,383
4756:84.5%
4731:45.1%
4725:54.2%
4702:72.9%
4696:24.8%
4673:67.5%
4667:28.4%
4644:54.8%
4638:42.2%
4615:40.6%
4609:52.9%
4586:70.2%
4580:27.1%
4557:45.2%
4551:53.4%
4524:64,980
4514:15,107
4480:1,442
4471:95.8%
4452:44.5%
4440:54.5%
4411:98.2%
4394:15.3%
4391:8,394
4382:83.2%
4362:3,668
4353:90.8%
4330:32.3%
4324:63.8%
4307:11.8%
4304:6,497
4295:86.7%
4266:98.3%
4235:98.8%
4218:53.8%
4206:44.2%
4175:99.6%
4146:97.9%
4133:Goldap
4115:99.5%
4087:1,499
4084:95.3%
4057:31,972
4004:99.2%
3975:97.9%
3944:99.8%
3915:99.7%
3886:99.6%
3867:43.1%
3855:54.9%
3843:Memel
3838:10.3%
3835:5,293
3826:89.0%
3813:Labiau
3795:98.8%
3764:99.7%
3735:99.6%
3706:99.9%
3677:99.4%
3648:99.9%
3619:99.6%
3590:99.6%
3490:, 864
3443:Warmia
3433:, not
3395:merger
3260:, and
3167:, 1895
3101:1.61%
3090:5.62%
3076:0.65%
3073:5,515
3062:7.12%
3048:2.46%
3034:0.82%
3031:6,919
3020:0.20%
3017:1,666
3006:0.30%
3003:2,536
2991:0.87%
2988:7,371
2977:9.90%
2926:2.65%
2912:0.68%
2909:5,734
2865:(1939
2784:Lemkos
2764:, and
2724:German
2655:) and
2649:Russia
2603:, the
2496:Sweden
2489:Gdynia
2485:Gdańsk
2432:Allied
2424:French
2385:Soldau
2356:) and
2314:Soldau
2267:Latvia
2247:Warmia
2224:Warmia
2214:, and
2167:, the
2084:Hitler
2053:Lötzen
1991:After
1748:Poland
1715:Notes
1582:Warmia
1572:. The
1524:Berlin
1382:Danzig
1350:Louise
1281:Tilsit
1266:Ragnit
1261:Olecko
1211:Tapiau
1181:Berlin
1126:Warmia
1122:Baltic
1074:Danzig
1058:Warmia
1054:Sambia
1018:Russia
986:famine
906:, and
904:Labiau
900:Wehlau
846:vassal
844:and a
795:Warmia
741:, the
589:Warmia
500:was a
482:Russia
472:Poland
237:
207:
189:
134:Anthem
46:German
42:
23:, see
11073:Neman
11043:Gusev
10792:Lower
10605:Glatz
9713:JSTOR
9670:6 May
9348:Litwę
9307:(PDF)
9292:(PDF)
9277:(p.9)
8674:S2CID
8613:(PDF)
8606:(PDF)
8114:near
8106:with
7935:2 600
7914:7 348
7888:5 841
7844:9 272
7821:6 608
7800:5 349
7744:Rößel
7637:5 000
7633:Rößel
7628:Rößel
7572:Neman
7525:7 485
7467:Pasym
7463:2 431
7398:3 173
7350:9 201
7309:Morąg
7305:5 500
7277:Memel
7135:2 742
7072:6 527
6935:4 836
6849:Gusev
6799:1 700
6776:5 118
6713:2 951
6692:3 879
6669:4 922
6556:3 200
6553:Rößel
6490:1 541
6467:3 553
6379:2 694
6353:Kreis
6316:NSDAP
6217:1933
6215:Total
6207:1929
6205:Total
6197:1925
6195:Total
6185:1921
6183:Total
5901:+4.2
5858:-1.2
5846:+4.2
5808:58.2
5773:NSDAP
5749:-0.8
5737:-2.1
5725:+5.7
5710:1933
5705:1933
5703:Seats
5700:1933
5695:1933
5690:1929
5685:1929
5683:Seats
5680:1929
5675:1929
5670:1925
5665:1925
5663:Seats
5660:1925
5655:1925
5650:1921
5645:1921
5643:Seats
5640:1921
5635:1921
5570:-2.6
5558:+1.7
5546:-0.1
5513:-1.1
5501:+1.2
5489:-2.4
5404:(+4)
5386:+3.6
5362:12.7
5350:31.2
5347:(+4)
5339:45.6
5327:13.4
5282:13.6
5273:+1.2
5258:24.8
5248:24.1
5236:1933
5231:1933
5229:Seats
5226:1933
5221:1933
5216:1929
5211:1929
5209:Seats
5206:1929
5201:1929
5196:1925
5191:1925
5189:Seats
5186:1925
5181:1925
5176:1921
5171:1921
5169:Seats
5166:1921
5161:1921
5139:NSDAP
4880:14.5%
4870:79.5%
4833:51.9%
4823:45.5%
4797:0.0%
4768:0.0%
4743:Rößel
4737:0.0%
4708:0.1%
4679:0.0%
4650:0.0%
4626:Lyck
4621:0.1%
4592:0.0%
4563:0.0%
4529:10.8%
4509:85.7%
4483:3.9%
4477:0.1%
4446:0.1%
4423:0.9%
4417:0.2%
4388:0.1%
4365:7.9%
4359:0.1%
4336:0.0%
4301:0.1%
4278:0.2%
4272:0.6%
4247:0.7%
4241:0.1%
4212:0.1%
4187:0.0%
4181:0.0%
4158:0.4%
4152:1.0%
4127:0.1%
4121:0.2%
4096:0.1%
4090:4.2%
4047:2,434
4042:95.7%
4016:0.2%
4010:0.4%
3987:0.0%
3981:1.5%
3956:0.0%
3950:0.2%
3927:0.0%
3921:0.2%
3898:0.0%
3892:0.2%
3861:0.1%
3832:0.1%
3807:0.1%
3801:0.3%
3776:0.0%
3770:0.2%
3747:0.0%
3741:0.2%
3718:0.0%
3712:0.0%
3689:0.0%
3683:0.4%
3660:0.0%
3654:0.0%
3631:0.1%
3625:0.2%
3602:0.0%
3596:0.3%
3397:with
2968:From
2950:From
2931:From
2889:Kresy
2887:from
2774:from
2692:Gulag
2651:(the
2449:Płock
2396:]
2271:Minsk
2205:Poles
2116:Nazis
2088:Reich
1884:Posen
1782:area)
1730:100%
1433:serfs
1358:Memel
1256:Memel
1161:Eylau
1002:Poles
908:Oliva
702:(the
682:(the
569:Poles
10861:and
10801:1919
10662:1795
10646:1793
10625:East
10610:1742
10594:1720
10574:1713
10511:1657
10495:1648
10475:1614
10466:Mark
10219:link
10199:ISBN
10186:link
10163:link
10140:link
10073:ISBN
10056:ISBN
10042:ISBN
9997:ISBN
9965:ISBN
9945:OCLC
9935:ISBN
9920:ISBN
9906:ISBN
9888:ISBN
9870:ISBN
9816:HMSO
9801:ISBN
9735:ISBN
9699:ISBN
9681:ISBN
9672:2006
9654:ISBN
9543:ISBN
9522:2023
9493:2018
9448:2018
9361:2018
9329:ISBN
9315:2023
9260:ISBN
9221:ISBN
9193:ISBN
9179:2020
9161:ISBN
9147:2020
9129:ISBN
9109:ISBN
9086:ISBN
9066:ISBN
9044:ISSN
9000:ISBN
8957:ISBN
8898:ISBN
8818:2016
8785:ISBN
8725:ISBN
8621:2010
8557:ISBN
8538:2019
8493:2019
8458:link
8438:ISBN
8397:2016
8371:2007
8265:2016
8204:2016
8166:The
7177:Lyck
7009:Pisz
6458:Arys
5935:CSVD
5898:4.2
5843:4.2
5817:+47
5797:4.3
5746:2.8
5734:3.6
5722:5.7
5555:8.6
5543:6.9
5498:8.1
5486:6.9
5475:9.3
5443:-16
5433:+16
5395:8.7
5383:3.6
5371:-16
5336:+11
5323:DNVP
5299:USPD
5291:-11
5128:DNVP
4960:and
4890:4.8%
4843:0.0%
4519:2.5%
4420:383
4269:166
4244:311
4155:185
4149:436
4062:3.6%
4052:0.3%
4007:178
3978:723
3889:113
3804:159
3798:594
3738:124
3680:146
3593:140
3534:and
3496:Jews
3423:Jews
3417:and
3354:2004
3269:and
3218:The
3142:and
3128:USSR
2954:and
2893:USSR
2782:and
2606:Goya
2595:rape
2487:and
2475:The
2451:and
2387:and
2350:and
2340:and
2312:and
2300:was
2249:and
2141:and
2129:and
1983:and
1956:The
1660:and
1592:and
1570:Jews
1455:and
1437:Jews
1435:and
1407:and
1056:and
1010:Jews
1008:and
984:and
809:and
807:fief
801:and
634:The
612:King
571:and
186:Area
83:Flag
9382:218
8879:IPN
8666:doi
7618:Ryn
7190:Ełk
7166:Lec
6270:DKP
6259:DFP
6244:DFP
6240:NLP
6220:87
6210:87
6200:87
6190:85
6158:-2
6148:+?
6111:-1
6101:+1
6062:-2
6052:+2
6041:FOW
6023:-2
6013:+2
5990:AuA
5982:-3
5972:+3
5966:+3
5917:-4
5907:+4
5882:DFP
5874:-4
5852:+2
5840:+2
5814:51
5805:+4
5765:-3
5743:-3
5731:+6
5718:DDP
5708:+/-
5698:+/-
5688:+/-
5678:+/-
5668:+/-
5658:+/-
5648:+/-
5638:+/-
5605:-6
5595:+6
5584:BWW
5576:-2
5564:+2
5540:+6
5534:+7
5527:KPD
5507:+1
5495:-2
5483:+8
5430:16
5422:BWA
5414:-8
5392:+4
5379:DVP
5368:11
5356:27
5344:40
5333:11
5310:+6
5288:12
5279:+1
5276:23
5270:26
5264:22
5253:20
5244:SPD
5234:+/-
5224:+/-
5214:+/-
5204:+/-
5194:+/-
5184:+/-
5174:+/-
5164:+/-
5117:DDP
5106:SPD
4838:159
4794:13
4765:15
4734:13
4705:58
4618:27
4560:21
4474:37
4443:38
4414:90
4385:80
4356:65
4298:47
4275:62
4238:68
4209:35
4184:21
4178:21
4124:17
4118:74
4093:39
4013:81
3984:19
3947:61
3918:91
3858:40
3829:27
3773:12
3767:72
3709:21
3651:14
3628:43
3622:90
3599:12
3289:".
2871:FCD
2491:to
2308:to
2070:'s
1844:91%
1837:90%
1549:).
1499:at
1495:as
1463:of
1451:of
1356:to
1159:of
1104:),
1100:or
516:'s
58:of
11187::
11140:of
10921:•
10915::
10834:/
10830:/
10826:/
10794:/
10761:/
10757:/
10655:/
10627:/
10603:/
10504:/
10488:/
10484:/
10468:/
10464:/
10324:.
10215:}}
10211:{{
10182:}}
10178:{{
10159:}}
10155:{{
10136:}}
10132:{{
10110:,
10101:,
10092:,
10067::
9943:.
9900:,
9882:,
9864:,
9853:,
9843:,
9832:,
9795::
9765:,
9747:,
9726:,
9693:,
9585:LB
9570:^
9479:.
9438:.
9434:.
9406:^
9294:.
9203:^
9169:.
9151:;
9137:.
9119:;
8971:^
8923:28
8858:,
8837:28
8705:,
8672:.
8662:65
8660:.
8580:^
8528:.
8524:.
8501:^
8483:.
8454:}}
8450:{{
8387:.
8331:^
8273:^
8221::
8194:.
8138:,
8134:,
8130:,
8126:,
8122:,
8090::
8086:;
8082::
8078:;
8074::
8065:;
8048::
6950:)
6424:)
6394:)
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