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limited success. For more than two decades he was obliged to work as a private drawing master, until he moved from London in 1862. To add to his financial worries, he returned to London to find his dissolute brother
William had pawned all his early paintings, and Palmer was obliged to pay a large sum to redeem them. By all accounts Palmer was an excellent teacher, but the work with students reduced the time he could devote to his own art.
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570:, whom she named in another page one article the following month. A few days later, Keating wrote a Letter to The Times, confessing to âflooding the marketâ with fakes ââ not for material gain, but rather as a protest against greedy art merchants ââ adding that he couldnât imagine how anyone could believe his âcrude daubsâ were authentic. The lead story in the
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at
Shoreham and is now known as the 'Water House'. Palmer's nurse, Mary Ward, and his other son William joined him there. The Waterhouse was used to accommodate overflow guests from "Rat Abbey". In 1828 Samuel Palmer left "Rat Abbey" to join his father at Water House and lived there for the rest of
601:, that it was authentic. They took it down in August 1976 when it was discovered to be a Keating fake. They rehung it four months later. Museum trustees commented âthat there seemed to be more public interest in the drawing now it was known to be a fake than there had been in the genuine article.â
566:, she published an article on 16 July 1976, on page one of The Times, asserting that thirteen Palmer pictures that had appeared on the market over the previous decade were forgeries. Several tips from readers convinced her the master faker she was looking for was Tom Keating, a picture restorer in
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Palmer was largely forgotten after his death. In 1909, many of his
Shoreham works were destroyed by his surviving son Alfred Herbert Palmer, who burnt "a great quantity of father's handiwork ... Knowing that no one would be able to make head or tail of what I burnt; I wished to save it from a more
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to Italy, made possible by money from Hannah's parents in 1837. In Italy Palmer's palette became brighter, sometimes to the point of garishness, but he made many fine sketches and studies that would later be useful in producing new paintings. On his return to London, Palmer sought patrons with
656:, the master forger, commenting on Palmerâs captivating self portrait (see at top of this page), called him âa child genius, whoâs eyes stare at me with a majesty and beauty... I look back on them now and say Iâm not ashamed of what Iâve done, because his name is now more famous than ever.â
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of the early 1830s. His small financial legacy was running out and he decided to produce work more in line with public taste if he was to earn an income for himself and his wife. He was following the advice of his father-in-law. Linnell, who had earlier shown remarkable understanding of the
243:. He purchased a run-down cottage, nicknamed "Rat Abbey", and lived there from 1826 to 1835, depicting the area as a demi-paradise, mysterious and visionary, often shown in sepia shades under moon and star light. There Palmer associated with a group of Blake-influenced artists known as
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Palmer's later years were darkened by the death in 1861, at the age of 19, of his elder son Thomas More Palmer – a devastating blow from which he never fully recovered. He lived in various places later in his life, including a small cottage and an unaffordable villa both in
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with descriptions and photo illustrations of 166 of his known pastiches, including 26 Palmers, which she hoped would provide scholars, collectors, and art dealers with sufficient information to detect his work, and help locate and identify as many of them as possible.
295:, Palmer produced less mystical and more conventional work. Part of his reason in returning to London was to sell his work and earn money from private teaching. He had better health on his return to London, and was by then married to Hannah, daughter of the painter
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Palmer's somewhat disreputable father – Samuel Palmer senior – moved to the area, his brother
Nathaniel having offered him an allowance that would "make him a gentleman" and restore the good name of the family. Samuel Palmer senior rented half of the
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sold at
Sothebyâs for ÂŁ15,000. Shortly thereafter, Gould privately alleged to Norman that it too, was dubious. In 1974 Gould told Norman he had identified six more Palmer fakes, and he believed all were done by the same hand.
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On the bicentenary of the artistâs birth, a major retrospective showcasing a hundred and seventy of his watercolours, drawings, etchings and oils from public and private collections around the world, was organized by the
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The residents were somewhat lower perhaps on the social scale, but many had distinguished artistic reputations such as the sculptor Alfred
Stevens, at 7 Canning Place, and the painter, Samuel Palmer, at 6 Douro Place,
208:. On the 18th January 1818 Palmer's mother Martha died suddenly, an event that affected they young Palmer for the rest of his life. He wrote "It was like a sharp sword sent through the length of me".
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Keating later claimed to have painted upwards of eighty fake
Palmers, most of them moonlit scenes in dark sepia wash, heightened with white. Four of them sold for thousands of pounds each, including
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W8, marking that Palmer lived there from 1851 to 1861. His last home was The
Chantry (the former Furze Hill Place), at Cronks Hill, near Redhill, which is Grade II listed for the Palmer connection.
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humiliating fate". The destruction included "sketchbooks, notebooks, and original works, and lasted for days". Interest in his work was rekindled in 1926 by a show curated by Martin Hardie at the
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is located at Palmer's birthplace at Surrey Square. The Grade II listed
Waterhouse, in Shoreham, Kent, has a plaque on it commemorating Palmer's residence there from 1827 to 1835. A
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From the early 1860s he gained some measure of critical success for his later landscapes, which had a touch of the early
Shoreham work about them â most notable is the etching of
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442:(forty-eight plates, a selection of Palmer's writings, 1960). In the 1930s, the maximum price a Shoreham period drawing brought was around ÂŁ50. Three sold in the early 1960s â
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Norman, Geraldine (16 July 1976). "Authenticity of Palmer drawings is challenged. A question of art: Are thirteen Samuel Palmer drawings brilliant modern forgeries?".
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replied: âHow insulting Palmer would have found the new stock...his magic vision diluted by a crop of heartless impostures, conceived in spite and peddled for gainâ.
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Revelation to Revolution: The Legacy of Samuel Palmer. The Revival and Evolution of Pastoral Printmaking by Paul Drury and the Goldsmiths School in the 20th Century
419:. In the ensuing decades, the publication of two important books and the presentation of another London exhibition combined to trigger a surge in his popularity:
255:). They were among the few who saw the Shoreham paintings as, resulting from attacks by critics in 1825, he opened his early portfolios only to selected friends.
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Palmer received a great deal of media attention in the 1970s, following the discovery of a number of fakes of his Shoreham work produced by famous art forger,
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Norman, Geraldine (10 August 1976). "Samuel Palmer imitator who duped art world. Gifted picture restorer traced to cottage in Constable country".
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auctioned in June 1973 for ÂŁ15,000 â âa record price for the artistâ. These same four pictures were illustrated in James Sellarsâ 1974 monograph,
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Our public schools, their influence on English history; Charter house, Eton, Harrow, Merchant Taylors', Rugby, St. Paul's Westminster, Winchester
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minister and Martha (nee Giles), but was raised by a pious nurse, Mary Ward. Palmer painted churches from around age twelve, and first exhibited
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holds an 1829 portrait of Palmer by his friend George Richmond; the NPG's catalogue notes state that Palmer's expression and long hair recall
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Palmer turned more to watercolour which was gaining popularity in England. To further a commercial career, the couple embarked on a two-year
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Twohig, E. (2018) "Print REbels: Haden - Palmer - Whistler and the origins of the RE", Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers, London.
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gallery for ÂŁ9400. At the top of the page was a four-column-width photo of the picture. A month later, David Gould, an authority on
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In 1976, Norman began researching over a dozen suspect Palmers, and after consulting with recognized Palmer experts from the
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Norman went on to publish a total of eleven articles on the scandal, from July 1976 to February 1977, for which she won the
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704:, and his wife (1837â38). The show concluded with works done after his return to England in 1840, such as the watercolour,
390:. But it was only when a small measure of financial security came his way, that was he able to move to Furze Hill House in
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his time in Shoreham. While at Shoreham he fell in love with the fourteen-year-old Hannah Linnell, whom he later married.
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Norman, Geraldine (16 July 1976). "A question of art: Are thirteen Samuel Palmer drawings brilliant modern forgeries?".
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The oldest house in Shoreham, Kent, is called Reed Beds, but is also known as the Samuel Palmer School of Fine Art. The
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at the age of fourteen. He had little formal training, and little formal schooling, although he was educated briefly at
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in 1824. Blake's influence can be seen in work he produced over the next ten years. The works were landscapes around
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1302:(1st ed.). London: Academy Editions Ltd (a division of John Wiley & Sons Ltd.). pp. 47, 79, 84, 86.
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312:'s genius, was not as generous with his son-in-law, towards whom his attitude was authoritarian and often harsh.
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who he had known since she was a child, and married when she was nineteen and he was thirty-two. He sketched in
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823:: A poem, Samuel Palmer's Sketchbook 1824, British Museum Facsimile Published by William Blake Trust in 1862
497:. He also inspired a resurgence in twentieth-century landscape printmaking, which began amongst students at
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1402:(1st ed.). London: Academy Editions Ltd (a division of John Wiley & Sons Ltd.). pp. 103â106.
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Norman, Geraldine (27 August 1976). "The extraordinary story of Tom Keating and the Palmer imitations".
680:. Exhibited first in London from October 2005 to January 2006, then in New York from March to May 2006,
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Herring, Sarah (1988). "Samuel Palmer's Shoreham drawings in Indian ink: a matter of light and shade".
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Norman, Geraldine (6 December 1976). "A question for collectors: Is there a Keating in the house?".
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in 1979. He was later released due to failing health, and all charges were dropped. In the May 1977
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The renewed popularity of his Shoreham work influenced a succession of English artists, notably
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Palmer died in Redhill, Surrey, and is buried with his wife in St Mary's, Reigate churchyard.
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and his etchings, a medium in which he worked from 1850 onwards, including a set illustrating
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and Wales around this time. His peaceful vision of rural England had been disrupted by the
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Drawings, Etchings and Woodcuts made by Samuel Palmer and other Disciples of William Blake
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and their sales resulted in Keating being arrested and put on trial for art fraud at the
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from an ill-fated, two-year sojourn to Italy, with his new bride Hannah and his friend,
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a London exhibition of Palmerâs influential visionary landscapes, along with works by
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1729:(1st ed.). London: Academy Editions Ltd (a division of John Wiley & Sons Ltd.).
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Palmer Close, a cul-de-sac in Redhill (built in the 1960s) was named in his honour.
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Norman, Geraldine (16 July 1976). "Authenticity of Palmer drawings is challenged".
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Staff Reporter (23 August 1976). "Museum seeks tests on picture passed as Palmer".
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with a special interest in Palmer, wrote a Letter to the Editor calling it a fake.
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450:â for ÂŁ6000, ÂŁ5200, and ÂŁ7200. Leger Gallery purchased the diminutive watercolour
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Gould, David (13 March 1970). "Letter to the Editor: RAPHAEL AND SAMUEL PALMER".
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Staff Reporter (26 August 1976). "Gallery offer to Mr. Keating for exhibition".
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Staff Reporter (20 August 1976). "Mr. Keating says art imitations are protest".
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Norman, Geraldine (12 February 1970). "Last-minute dash gains a Samuel Palmer".
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emphasized his early work, but included more naturalistic watercolours, such as
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in 1969 for ÂŁ14,000. In a 2003 auction at Christieâs, it brought ÂŁ587,650.
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His best late works include a series of large watercolours illustrating
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McCormick, John; Evans, Michael (20 August 1976). "I FAKED THE LOT!".
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Staff Reporter (3 March 1977). "News award for Times sale reporter".
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The following week, Mr. Hugh Leggatt, a well-respected art dealer in
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in 1854, and its annual show gave him a yearly goal to work towards.
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Staff Reporter (20 February 1979). "ILLNESS ENDS TRIAL OF KEATING".
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Staff Reporter (14 December 1977). "Keating on deception charges".
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Norman, Geraldine (28 June 1973). "New record price for a Turner".
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News Reporter of the Year. In June 1977 she published an essay on
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Gould, David (30 January 1979). "'GUM USED TO AGE ART FAKES'".
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There are three commemorative plaques to Palmer. An unofficial
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152:) (27 January 1805 – 24 May 1881) was a British
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A Picture of Tom Keating, An Exclusive Study of a Master Faker
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Staff Reporter (15 December 1977). "Artist sent for trial".
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Art Trading and Art Faking â Part Two of The Fake's Progress
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Art Trading and Art Faking â Part Two of The Fake's Progress
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from his travels in Devon and Wales (1834-1836), as well as
164:. He was also a prolific writer. Palmer was a key figure in
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192:), was the son of Samuel Palmer, a bookseller and sometime
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For the English nonconformist minister and biographer, see
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The Life and Letters of Samuel Palmer Painter and Etcher
1237:(1st ed.). Hutchinson of London. pp. 197â262.
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in Keatingâs autobiography, as well as a companion book
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In June 1973, Norman reported that a Palmer landscape,
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People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
888:. London, U.K.: Historical Publications. p. 114.
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in Britain and produced visionary pastoral paintings.
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Mysterious Wisdom: The Life and Work of Samuel Palmer
861:"Mysterious Wisom" Rachel Campbell-Johnston book 2011
1596:"National Portrait Gallery: Samuel Palmer, NPG 2223"
427:(280 pages, with 68 photo illustrations, 1947), the
1074:(1st ed.). Hutchinson of London. p. 213.
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Christian Descending into the Valley of Humiliation
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Samuel Palmer and his circle - The Shoreham period,
1663:vol. 148, no. 441 (November 1998), pp. 37â42.
938:Samuel Palmer and his circle - The Shoreham period
1425:"Samuel Palmer (1805â1881): Vision and Landscape"
811:: Epitaph on death of his son Thomas More Palmer
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1423:Butler, Gilbert; Butler, Ildiko (7 March 2006).
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1383:Carritt, David (30 June 1977). "The romancer".
1262:. Hutchinson of London. pp. 20â26, 68â81.
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815:On going to Shoreham, Kent to design from Ruth
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281:A Cornfield by Moonlight with the Evening Star
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612:A Moonlit Scene with a Winding River (c.1827)
525:Shepherds with their Flock under a Full Moon,
1774:New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
1765:Samuel Palmer 1805-1881 Vision and Landscape
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940:. London: The Arts Council of Great Britain.
883:
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605:remains on view in the museum's art store.
263:-era 'Waterhouse' which still stands by the
1739:Shaw-Miller, S. and Smiles, S. eds (2010).
841:Samuel Palmer on the British Museum Website
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1823:
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1451:"Samuel Palmer, His Friends and Followers"
936:The Arts Council of Great Britain (1956).
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23:. For the English printer and author, see
1575:"National Heritage List Entry No 1272740"
1554:"National Heritage List Entry No 1240907"
1512:"National Heritage List Entry No 1243739"
1368:Bloomstein, Rex (director) (3 May 1977).
884:Denny, Barbara; Starren, Carolyn (1998).
852:
771:blue plaque is located at 6 Douro Place,
729:Samuel Palmer, His Friends and Followers,
1477:Samuel Palmer, His Friends and Followers
1258:Norman, Geraldine; Keating, Tom (1977).
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501:in the 1920s. (See: Jolyon Drury, 2006)
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332:(1879). He became a full member of the
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215:
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803:An address to the Electors of West Kent
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1763:Vaughan, W. and Barker, E. E. (2005).
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4170:Romanticism and the French Revolution
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1791:with several images of Palmer's work
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682:Samuel Palmer: Vision and Landscape,
1772:Samuel Palmer: Shadows on the wall.
1715:. Cambridge University Press, 1986.
1372:(television). Dedham, Essex: BBC-1.
13:
1645:Samuel Palmer: The Visionary Years
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923:SAMUEL PALMER: The Visionary Years
425:Samuel Palmer: The Visionary Years
14:
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4319:19th-century English male artists
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1533:"English Heritage: Samuel Palmer"
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1652:Samuel Palmer's Valley of Vision
953:Samuel Palmer's Valley of Vision
821:With pipe and rural chaunt along
597:, the Keeper of Pictures at the
593:purchased in 1965, on advice by
444:Weald of Kent, The Evening Star,
239:, near Sevenoaks in the west of
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1722:(1892; facsimile reprint 1972).
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1479:. London: The Fine Art Society.
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999:Palmer, Samuel (11 June 2003).
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27:. For the British surgeon, see
1713:The Paintings of Samuel Palmer
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929:
914:
864:
834:
694:Cypresses at the Villa d'Este,
585:. The Cecil Higgins Museum in
527:that was purchased by a major
517:, Sale Room Correspondent for
323:
1:
4304:People from Newington, London
4259:19th-century English painters
4193:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
1702:of the Works of Samuel Palmer
1491:"Open Plaques: Samuel Palmer"
827:
429:Arts Council of Great Britain
347:
284:
171:
53:
1685:The Letters of Samuel Palmer
809:The 1861 Lives Balance Sheet
413:Victoria & Albert Museum
7:
1683:Lister, Raymond ed (1974).
796:
667:21st century retrospectives
622:Art Trading and Art Faking,
448:Cow Lodge with a Mossy Roof
271:
211:
148:Hon.RE (Hon. Fellow of the
10:
4335:
4309:People from Shoreham, Kent
4274:English landscape painters
4110:Coleridge's theory of life
1706:Cambridge University Press
1671:Samuel Palmer, A Biography
1650:Grigson, Geoffrey (1960).
1643:Grigson, Geoffrey (1947).
1233:Norman, Geraldine (1977).
1070:Norman, Geraldine (1977).
951:Grigson, Geoffrey (1960).
921:Grigson, Geoffrey (1947).
678:Metropolitan Museum of Art
626:The Tom Keating Catalogue,
150:Society of Painter-Etchers
21:Samuel Palmer (biographer)
18:
4284:English romantic painters
4202:
4165:Romanticism and economics
4102:
3994:
3741:
3563:
3508:
3477:
3401:
3350:
3299:
3258:
3167:
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2865:
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2758:
2717:
2676:
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2572:
2442:
2321:
2243:
2180:Manuel AntĂŽnio de Almeida
2162:
2153:
2039:
1907:
1838:
1620:Campbell-Johnston, Rachel
1260:The Tom Keating Catalogue
846:24 September 2015 at the
780:National Portrait Gallery
440:Palmer's Valley of Vision
435:and Grigson's follow-up,
400:
128:
115:
103:
84:
61:
45:
38:
1945:German historical school
1711:Lister, Raymond (1986).
1697:Lister, Raymond (1988).
1673:Faber and Faber, London
1654:. London: Phoenix House.
955:. London: Phoenix House.
654:A Picture of Tom Keating
634:The Horse Chestnut Tree,
540:The Horse Chestnut Tree,
505:Controversy in the 1970s
305:violent rural discontent
206:Merchant Taylors' School
176:Palmer, who was born in
4289:English watercolourists
2592:JĂłzef Ignacy Kraszewski
1797:about Palmer exhibition
1741:Samuel Palmer Revisited
1725:Sellars, James (1974).
1398:Sellars, James (1974).
1298:Sellars, James (1974).
874:(London, 1901), p. 195.
698:A View of Ancient Rome,
431:âs 1956-57 exhibition:
344:A Dream in the Apennine
200:-inspired works at the
29:Samuel Palmer (surgeon)
25:Samuel Palmer (printer)
4299:People from Kensington
4175:Romanticism in science
4130:Middle Ages in history
4125:List of Romantic poets
2837:Josiah Gilbert Holland
1718:Palmer, A. H. (1892).
1629:Drury, Jolyon (2006).
1475:Cooke, Gordon (2012).
1449:Cooke, Gordon (2012).
769:Greater London Council
613:
382:, where he lived at 6
351:
288:
224:
223:(1820s or early 1830s)
4269:English male painters
4145:Romantic epistemology
4135:Opium and Romanticism
2704:StojadinoviÄ-Srpkinja
1930:Counter-Enlightenment
1647:. London: Kegan Paul.
1626:. London, Bloomsbury.
1455:thefineartsociety.com
925:. London: Kegan Paul.
611:
493:, Franklin White and
342:
279:
219:
4314:People from Walworth
4209:Age of Enlightenment
1851:England (literature)
1770:Vaughan, W. (2015).
1633:. (Self-published.)
690:A Cascade in Shadow,
618:British Press Awards
589:had a Palmer called
562:, as well as author
513:. In February 1970,
386:, then a cottage at
334:Water Colour Society
221:In a Shoreham Garden
4279:English printmakers
4264:Artists from London
4160:Romantic psychology
1955:Hudson River School
1899:Sweden (literature)
1884:Russia (literature)
1795:British Museum page
1027:The Daily Telegraph
1001:"The Golden Valley"
870:Minchin, J. G. C.,
710:The Weary Ploughman
595:Edward Croft Murray
591:A Barn at Shoreham,
533:Victorian paintings
499:Goldsmiths' College
2145:White Mountain art
2086:Historical fiction
1894:Spain (literature)
1700:Catalogue Raisonné
1687:OUP, Oxford 1974.
788:1500 self-portrait
708:and the etchings,
614:
603:A Barn at Shoreham
406:Surge in the 1960s
352:
289:
225:
122:Garden in Shoreham
4236:
4235:
4150:Romantic medicine
4120:List of romantics
3559:
3558:
3210:Felix Mendelssohn
3205:Fanny Mendelssohn
3016:
3015:
2730:RosalĂa de Castro
2668:Soares dos Passos
2016:Transcendentalism
1980:Nazarene movement
1940:DĂŒsseldorf School
1759:978-1-5272-1775-1
1749:978-0-7546-6747-6
1743:. Ashgate, 2010.
1735:978-0-85670-148-1
1693:978-0-19-817309-0
1639:978-0-9552148-0-6
1129:. pp. 1, 13.
1099:. pp. 1, 12.
749:Graham Sutherland
659:Times journalist
583:St James's Street
491:Laurence Whistler
467:Graham Sutherland
452:The Golden Valley
186:Newington, London
138:
137:
98:, Surrey, England
4326:
4226:
4225:
4185:Evolution theory
3027:
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817:: A prayer, 1826
805:: Pamphlet, 1832
741:Frederick Griggs
725:Fine Art Society
718:The Lonely Tower
564:Geoffrey Grigson
515:Geraldine Norman
421:Geoffrey Grigson
349:
330:The Lonely Tower
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4155:Romantic poetry
4140:Romantic ballet
4115:German idealism
4098:
4064:Lacoue-Labarthe
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3454:Rimsky-Korsakov
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2128:Romantic genius
2058:Gesamtkunstwerk
2035:
1996:Sturm und Drang
1903:
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1667:Lister, Raymond
1616:
1614:Further reading
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848:Wayback Machine
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737:George Richmond
702:George Richmond
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487:glass engraving
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2092:Mal du siĂšcle
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1679:0-571-09732-4
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1429:Metmuseum.org
1426:
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1400:Samuel Palmer
1394:
1387:. p. 14.
1386:
1379:
1371:
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1300:Samuel Palmer
1294:
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1271:
1269:0-09-129610-2
1265:
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1221:
1214:
1207:. p. 14.
1206:
1199:
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1184:
1182:
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1158:
1151:
1143:
1142:Daily Express
1136:
1128:
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1091:
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1077:
1073:
1066:
1059:. p. 18.
1058:
1051:
1044:. p. 11.
1043:
1036:
1029:. p. 17.
1028:
1021:
1006:
1002:
995:
988:. p. 12.
987:
980:
978:
970:. p. 12.
969:
962:
954:
947:
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895:9780948667503
891:
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723:In 2012, the
721:
719:
715:
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707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
664:
662:
661:David Carritt
657:
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652:documentary,
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623:
619:
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572:Daily Express
569:
568:Dedham, Essex
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335:
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318:
313:
311:
310:William Blake
306:
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294:
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278:
269:
266:
262:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:William Blake
230:
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209:
207:
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202:Royal Academy
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:Old Kent Road
179:
178:Surrey Square
169:
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151:
146:
142:
141:Samuel Palmer
134:
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97:
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83:
66:Samuel Palmer
64:
60:
49:
44:
40:Samuel Palmer
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4191:
3911:Porto-Alegre
3905:
3565:Philosophers
3449:Rachmaninoff
2898:Chavchavadze
2888:Baratashvili
2648:JoĂŁo de Deus
2617:Wincenty Pol
2409:KĂŒchelbecker
2137:
2103:Noble savage
2090:
2056:
2031:Wallenrodism
2008:
1994:
1925:Coppet group
1859:(literature)
1789:Tate Gallery
1771:
1764:
1740:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1698:
1684:
1670:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1630:
1623:
1599:. Retrieved
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1485:
1476:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1454:
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1428:
1418:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1378:
1369:
1363:
1357:. p. 3.
1354:
1348:
1342:. p. 3.
1340:The Guardian
1339:
1333:
1327:. p. 3.
1325:The Guardian
1324:
1318:
1299:
1293:
1287:. p. 2.
1284:
1278:
1259:
1253:
1234:
1228:
1222:. p. 2.
1219:
1213:
1204:
1198:
1192:. p. 8.
1189:
1174:. p. 1.
1171:
1165:
1159:. p. 2.
1156:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1114:. p. 1.
1111:
1105:
1096:
1090:
1071:
1065:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
1004:
994:
985:
967:
961:
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946:
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931:
922:
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907:
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792:
777:
762:
753:Robin Tanner
728:
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463:Robin Tanner
459:F. L. Griggs
456:
451:
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416:
409:
396:
376:
367:Il Penseroso
365:
359:
353:
343:
329:
327:
314:
297:John Linnell
290:
280:
265:River Darent
257:
245:the Ancients
229:John Linnell
226:
220:
175:
140:
139:
133:The Ancients
121:
117:Notable work
90:(1881-05-24)
33:
4254:1881 deaths
4249:1805 births
3901:MichaĆowski
3733:Wackenroder
3698:F. Schlegel
3693:A. Schlegel
3469:Tchaikovsky
3358:Bortkiewicz
3230:R. Schumann
3225:C. Schumann
3190:Kalkbrenner
3159:Saint-Saëns
2464:Anne Brontë
2349:Eichendorff
2334:B. v. Arnim
2329:A. v. Arnim
2139:Weltschmerz
2098:Medievalism
2047:Blue flower
1975:Nationalist
1920:Bohemianism
1832:Romanticism
790:as Christ.
765:blue plaque
714:The Bellman
579:Westminster
552:Fitzwilliam
529:Bond Street
511:Tom Keating
483:John Minton
475:Joseph Webb
384:Douro Place
324:Later years
247:(including
166:Romanticism
109:printmaking
88:24 May 1881
4243:Categories
3776:Chassériau
3751:Aivazovsky
3459:Rubinstein
3444:Mussorgsky
3393:Wieniawski
3378:Paderewski
3220:Moszkowski
3003:Vörösmarty
2993:Shevchenko
2847:Longfellow
2771:Batyushkov
2766:Baratynsky
2735:Espronceda
2602:Mickiewicz
2597:Malczewski
2564:Wordsworth
2549:M. Shelley
2504:de Quincey
2369:GĂŒnderrode
2253:Baudelaire
2133:Wanderlust
1970:Lake Poets
1601:25 January
1580:25 January
1559:25 January
1538:25 January
1517:25 January
1496:25 January
1244:0091294207
1081:0091294207
828:References
773:Kensington
745:Paul Drury
646:Old Bailey
471:Paul Drury
380:Kensington
301:Devonshire
293:Marylebone
261:Queen Anne
172:Early life
162:printmaker
111:, drawing,
107:Painting,
72:1805-01-27
4216:Modernism
3876:Kiprensky
3836:GĂ©ricault
3821:Friedrich
3811:Delacroix
3786:Constable
3766:Bonington
3756:Bierstadt
3708:Senancour
3683:Schelling
3638:Lamennais
3633:Khomyakov
3598:Coleridge
3593:Chaadayev
3500:StankoviÄ
3495:Mokranjac
3414:Balakirev
3373:Moniuszko
3322:Donizetti
3317:Cherubini
3215:Meyerbeer
3200:Marschner
3175:Beethoven
3088:Moscheles
3022:Musicians
3008:Wergeland
2973:Orbeliani
2928:Grundtvig
2832:Hawthorne
2801:Zhukovsky
2796:Vyazemsky
2781:Lermontov
2740:Gutiérrez
2699:RadiÄeviÄ
2663:Herculano
2587:KrasiĆski
2529:Radcliffe
2499:Coleridge
2474:E. Brontë
2469:C. Brontë
2399:Jean Paul
2394:Hölderlin
2283:Lamartine
2220:MagalhĂŁes
2210:GuimarĂŁes
2118:Pantheism
2108:Nostalgia
1960:Indianism
1908:Movements
1839:Countries
1385:The Times
1355:The Times
1285:The Times
1220:The Times
1205:The Times
1190:The Times
1172:The Times
1157:The Times
1127:The Times
1112:The Times
1097:The Times
1057:The Times
1042:The Times
986:The Times
968:The Times
638:Sothebyâs
548:Ashmolean
520:The Times
361:L'Allegro
358:'s poems
317:honeymoon
231:, he met
156:painter,
154:landscape
4228:Category
4044:Dahlhaus
4029:Blanning
3996:Scholars
3966:Tropinin
3961:Tidemand
3951:Stattler
3946:Scheffer
3846:GĆowacki
3816:Edelfelt
3771:Bryullov
3713:Snellman
3688:Schiller
3678:Rousseau
3658:Michelet
3603:Constant
3573:Belinsky
3546:Sibelius
3490:KonjoviÄ
3464:Scriabin
3434:Lyapunov
3368:LipiĆski
3337:Spontini
3327:Paganini
3271:Goldmark
3062:Thalberg
3057:Schubert
3037:Bruckner
2998:Topelius
2988:Runeberg
2978:PreĆĄeren
2948:Leopardi
2913:Frashëri
2903:Eminescu
2883:Andersen
2791:Tyutchev
2776:Karamzin
2750:Zorrilla
2745:Saavedra
2643:Castilho
2631:Portugal
2622:SĆowacki
2524:Polidori
2454:Barbauld
2389:Hoffmann
2344:Brentano
2258:Bertrand
2079:Romantic
1915:Ancients
1889:Scotland
1669:(1974).
1622:(2011).
1460:29 April
1434:29 April
909:1851â61.
904:42308455
844:Archived
797:Writings
676:and the
272:Maturity
237:Shoreham
227:Through
212:Shoreham
190:Walworth
180:off the
129:Movement
4069:Lovejoy
4004:Abraham
3926:Richard
3916:Préault
3841:Girodet
3723:Thoreau
3668:Novalis
3653:Mazzini
3648:Maistre
3623:Hazlitt
3608:Emerson
3588:Carlyle
3578:Berchet
3521:Berwald
3516:Bennett
3485:HristiÄ
3439:Medtner
3419:Borodin
3409:Arensky
3332:Rossini
3307:Bellini
3286:Joachim
3259:Hungary
3240:Strauss
3168:Germany
3134:Berlioz
3103:VoĆĂĆĄek
3098:Smetana
3076:Czechia
3030:Austria
2963:Maturin
2958:Manzoni
2933:Heliade
2908:Foscolo
2878:Alfieri
2873:Abovian
2827:Emerson
2786:Pushkin
2725:BĂ©cquer
2658:Garrett
2612:Potocki
2559:Southey
2519:Maturin
2489:Carlyle
2446:Britain
2419:Novalis
2374:Gutzkow
2322:Germany
2288:Mérimée
2273:Gautier
2200:Barreto
2195:Azevedo
2175:Alencar
2155:Writers
2074:Byronic
2010:Purismo
1864:Germany
1846:Denmark
1787:at the
727:staged
587:Bedford
392:Redhill
388:Reigate
194:Baptist
96:Redhill
4094:Wellek
4074:de Man
4059:Janion
4049:Ferber
4024:Berlin
4019:Beiser
4014:Barzun
4009:Abrams
3986:Wiertz
3971:Turner
3921:RĂ©voil
3906:Palmer
3896:Martin
3891:Leutze
3866:Janmot
3826:Fuseli
3781:Church
3673:Quinet
3663:MĂŒller
3618:Goethe
3613:Fichte
3536:Franck
3478:Serbia
3429:Glinka
3402:Russia
3388:Tausig
3383:Stolpe
3363:Chopin
3351:Poland
3312:Busoni
3276:Heller
3245:Wagner
3180:Brahms
3154:Onslow
3144:Halévy
3112:France
3093:Reicha
3083:DvoĆĂĄk
3052:Mahler
3047:Hummel
3042:Czerny
2938:Isaacs
2918:Geijer
2852:Lowell
2842:Irving
2822:Cooper
2817:Bryant
2759:Russia
2694:NjegoĆĄ
2689:KostiÄ
2684:JakĆĄiÄ
2677:Serbia
2607:Norwid
2582:Fredro
2574:Poland
2544:Seward
2434:Uhland
2424:Schwab
2414:Mörike
2404:Kleist
2359:Goethe
2354:Fouqué
2303:Nodier
2298:Nerval
2293:Musset
2245:France
2235:Varela
2230:Taunay
2215:Macedo
2163:Brazil
2113:Ossian
2040:Themes
1879:Poland
1874:Norway
1856:France
1757:
1747:
1733:
1691:
1677:
1660:Apollo
1637:
1406:
1306:
1266:
1241:
1078:
1010:21 May
902:
892:
751:, and
716:, and
688:, and
636:which
558:, and
485:, the
437:Samuel
401:Legacy
372:Virgil
356:Milton
198:Turner
158:etcher
4180:Bacon
4089:Rosen
4084:Ricks
4079:Nancy
4039:Blume
4034:Bloom
3956:Stroy
3941:Saleh
3936:Runge
3886:Lampi
3871:Jones
3861:Hayez
3796:Corot
3761:Blake
3728:Tieck
3718:Staël
3643:Larra
3628:Hegel
3583:Burke
3541:Grieg
3531:Field
3526:Elgar
3509:Other
3342:Verdi
3300:Italy
3291:Liszt
3281:Hubay
3266:Erkel
3250:Weber
3235:Spohr
3195:Loewe
3185:Bruch
3149:MĂ©hul
3139:Fauré
3129:Auber
3124:Alkan
2983:Raffi
2953:MĂĄcha
2943:Lenau
2893:Botev
2866:Other
2718:Spain
2653:Dinis
2539:Scott
2514:Keats
2494:Clare
2484:Byron
2479:Burns
2459:Blake
2444:Great
2429:Tieck
2384:Heine
2379:Hauff
2313:Vigny
2308:Staël
2268:Dumas
2190:Assis
2185:Alves
2170:Abreu
2123:Rhine
2026:Ultra
1869:Japan
350:1864)
287:1830)
188:(now
4054:Frye
3981:Ward
3976:Veit
3931:Rude
3881:Koch
3856:Gude
3851:Goya
3801:Dahl
3791:Cole
3119:Adam
3067:Wolf
2810:U.S.
2709:Zmaj
2339:Beer
2278:Hugo
2225:Reis
2205:Dias
2069:Hero
2004:Post
1965:Jena
1935:Dark
1785:Page
1755:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1731:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1675:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1603:2021
1582:2021
1561:2021
1540:2021
1519:2021
1498:2021
1462:2023
1436:2023
1404:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1012:2023
900:OCLC
890:ISBN
696:and
650:BBC1
556:Tate
446:and
423:'s,
364:and
251:and
241:Kent
160:and
85:Died
62:Born
56:1826
3551:Sor
3424:Cui
2857:Poe
1990:Pre
1985:Neo
786:'s
489:of
184:in
145:RWS
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4206:â
1767:.
1704:.
1453:.
1427:.
1180:^
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854:^
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735:,
720:.
712:,
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550:,
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477:,
473:,
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465:,
461:,
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348:c.
285:c.
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1824:e
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1542:.
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