1693:
397:
1751:
409:
385:
466:
454:
442:
1407:
1925:
567:
1452:
912:
1812:
1567:
496:
973:
508:
1664:
1953:
1722:
1067:
1780:
1266:
1635:
637:
596:
941:
2169:
625:
2003:
1254:
1843:
1242:
1035:
1395:
1290:
896:
1937:
1647:
1986:
1705:
1481:
2084:
1419:
1082:
579:
2152:
1763:
1278:
1875:
1348:
1307:
882:
1365:
1004:
1319:
1493:
155:
1826:
1734:
139:
2186:
2101:
1858:
1464:
956:
1676:
1377:
2118:
608:
1887:
4466:
1533:
690:
987:
1550:
1018:
1050:
924:
42:
2135:
1336:
1965:
3221:
2270:
The shift from the vegetative to reproductive phase of a flower involves the development of an inflorescence meristem that generates floral meristems. Plant inflorescence architecture depends on which meristems becomes flowers and which become shoots. Consequently, genes that regulate floral meristem
244:
Inflorescences are described by many different characteristics including how the flowers are arranged on the peduncle, the blooming order of the flowers, and how different clusters of flowers are grouped within it. These terms are general representations as plants in nature can have a combination of
366:
inflorescences respectively. The indeterminate patterning of flowers is derived from determinate flowers. It is suggested that indeterminate flowers have a common mechanism that prevents terminal flower growth. Based on phylogenetic analyses, this mechanism arose independently multiple times in
2556:
Oxford
English Dictionary. Cyme(1) Bot. A species of inflorescence wherein the primary axis bears a single terminal flower which develops first, the system being continued by axes of secondary and higher orders which develop successively in like manner; a centrifugal or definite inflorescence:
2261:
Inflorescence-feeding insect herbivores shape inflorescences by reducing lifetime fitness (how much flowering occurs), seed production by the inflorescences, and plant density, among other traits. In the absence of these herbivores, inflorescences usually produce more flower heads and seeds.
552:; sometimes these bracts or bracteoles are highly modified and appear to be appendages of the flower calyx. Recaulescences is the fusion of the subtending leaf with the stem holding the bud or the bud itself, thus the leaf or bract is adnate to the stem of flower.
1591:. The single flowers are there replaced by a simple inflorescence, which can be both a racemose or a cymose one. Compound inflorescences are composed of branched stems and can involve complicated arrangements that are difficult to trace back to the main branch.
1598:, in which the basic structure is repeated in the place of single florets. For example, a double raceme is a raceme in which the single flowers are replaced by other simple racemes; the same structure can be repeated to form triple or more complex structures.
2262:
Temperature can also variably shape inflorescence development. High temperatures can impair the proper development of flower buds or delay bud development in certain species, while in others an increase in temperature can hasten inflorescence development.
2249:(TFL) support the activity of an inhibitor that prevents flowers from growing on the inflorescence apex (flower primordium initiation), maintaining inflorescence meristem identity. Both types of genes help shape flower development in accordance with the
665:(Stuttgart, 1981). The main groups of inflorescences are distinguished by branching. Within these groups, the most important characteristics are the intersection of the axes and different variations of the model. They may contain many flowers (
780:, cluster of grapes). The other kind of racemose inflorescences can all be derived from this one by dilation, compression, swelling or reduction of the different axes. Some passage forms between the obvious ones are commonly admitted.
521:
When a single or a cluster of flower(s) is located at the axil of a bract, the location of the bract in relation to the stem holding the flower(s) is indicated by the use of different terms and may be a useful diagnostic indicator.
1794:(of Webeling, or 'panicle-like cyme'). A panicle is a definite inflorescence that is increasingly more strongly and irregularly branched from the top to the bottom and where each branching has a terminal flower.
2280:
inflorescences have been shown to have an upper size limit, shaped by self-pollination levels due to crosses between inflorescences on the same plant or between flowers on the same inflorescence. In
408:
2538:
Oxford
English Dictionary. Raceme 2. Bot. A type of inflorescence in which the flowers are arranged on short, nearly equal, lateral pedicels, at equal distances along a single elongated axis
2274:
On a larger scale, inflorescence architecture affects quality and quantity of offspring from selfing and outcrossing, as the architecture can influence pollination success. For example,
396:
268:. A flower that is not part of an inflorescence is called a solitary flower and its stalk is also referred to as a peduncle. Any flower in an inflorescence may be referred to as a
4296:
529:
Some plants have bracts that subtend the inflorescence, where the flowers are on branched stalks; the bracts are not connected to the stalks holding the flowers, but are
533:
or attached to the main stem (Adnate describes the fusing together of different unrelated parts. When the parts fused together are the same, they are connately joined.)
423:
the terminal flower is usually the first to mature (precursive development), while the others tend to mature starting from the base of the stem. This pattern is called
2847:
Moss, G (27 November 2015). "Influence of
Temperature and Photoperiod on Flower Induction and Inflorescence Development in Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis L. Osbeck)".
384:
4301:
2915:
BREWSTER, J. L. (1983-04-01). "Effects of
Photoperiod, Nitrogen Nutrition and Temperature on Inflorescence Initiation and Development in Onion (Allium cepa L.)".
2301:
Guertin, P., Barnett, L., Denny, E.G., Schaffer, S.N. 2015. USA National
Phenology Network Botany Primer. USA-NPN Education and Engagement Series 2015-001.
1906:. The secondary cymes can be of any of the different types of dichasia and monochasia. A botryoid in which the single flowers are replaced by cymes is a
4434:
812:
is an unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence that is flat-topped or convex due to their outer pedicels which are progressively longer than inner ones.
2271:
identity play major roles in determining inflorescence architecture because their expression domain will direct where the plant's flowers are formed.
1614:
874:
is a scaly, generally drooping spike or raceme. Cymose or other complex inflorescences that are superficially similar are also generally called thus.
821:
is a type of raceme with a short axis and multiple floral pedicels of equal length that appear to arise from a common point. It is characteristic of
658:
465:
453:
441:
2241:
Any alterations in timing of LFY expression can cause formation of different inflorescences in the plant. Genes similar in function to LFY include
2457:
2061:) has an inflorescence called a hypanthodium, which bears numerous flowers on the inside of a convex or involuted compound receptacle. The genus
2796:
Louda, Svata M.; Potvin, Martha A. (1995-01-01). "Effect of
Inflorescence-Feeding Insects on the Demography and Lifetime of a Native Plant".
374:
there is no true terminal flower and the stem usually has a rudimentary end. In many cases the last true flower formed by the terminal bud (
4352:
1750:
3098:
Wyatt, Robert (1982-04-01). "Inflorescence
Architecture: How Flower Number, Arrangement, and Phenology Affect Pollination and Fruit-Set".
1692:
303:
where long, whip-like branches grow from the main trunk to the ground and even below it. Inflorescences form directly on these branches.
3203:
2245:(AP1). Mutations in LFY, AP1, and similar promoting genes can cause conversion of flowers into shoots. In contrast to LEAFY, genes like
295:
In some species the flowers develop directly from the main stem or woody trunk, rather than from the plant's main shoot. This is called
1646:
2527:
Flowering plants, Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales, and non-betalain
Caryophyllales. The Families and genera of vascular plants, 5.
2168:
1566:
333:
and determinate respectively, and indicate whether a terminal flower is formed and where flowering starts within the inflorescence.
4168:
236:
One can also define an inflorescence as the reproductive portion of a plant that bears a cluster of flowers in a specific pattern.
378:
flower) straightens up, appearing to be a terminal flower. Often a vestige of the terminal bud may be noticed higher on the stem.
2100:
578:
3197:
Strasburger, Noll, Schenck, Schimper: Lehrbuch der
Botanik fΓΌr Hochschulen. 4. Auflage, Gustav Fischer, Jena 1900, p. 459
2117:
2389:
857:
is a very contracted raceme in which the single sessile flowers share are borne on an enlarged stem. It is characteristic of
2002:
260:. The main axis (also referred to as major stem) above the peduncle bearing the flowers or secondary branches is called the
106:
3201:
R J Ferry. Inflorescences and Their Names. The McAllen
International Orchid Society Journal.Vol. 12(6), pp. 4-11 June 2011
1434:
A cyme can also be so compressed that it looks like an umbel. Strictly speaking this kind of inflorescence could be called
566:
636:
78:
1675:
1762:
1704:
2286:, it has been shown that the most common inflorescence sizes are correlated with the highest fruit production as well.
354:(cymose) growth. The terminal bud forms a terminal flower and then dies out. Other flowers then grow from lateral buds.
1663:
4358:
1289:
1066:
164:
125:
85:
195:
or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis (
3253:
2151:
2083:
1634:
1522:. Many verticillasters with reduced bracts can form a spicate (spike-like) inflorescence that is commonly called a
1451:
1406:
1347:
1318:
495:
1985:
1733:
3692:
2250:
1463:
834:
is a spike of flowers densely arranged around it, enclosed or accompanied by a highly specialised bract called a
344:(racemose) growth. The terminal bud keeps growing and forming lateral flowers. A terminal flower is never formed.
1779:
4173:
1364:
1306:
895:
607:
92:
63:
59:
1936:
1418:
1277:
955:
555:
When the formation of the bud is shifted up the stem distinctly above the subtending leaf, it is described as
3623:
1721:
1492:
507:
1924:
1857:
4342:
3929:
3444:
3189:
2253:. Studies have been recently conducted or are ongoing for homologs of these genes in other flower species.
1811:
272:, especially when the individual flowers are particularly small and borne in a tight cluster, such as in a
1081:
911:
74:
4424:
4178:
1825:
269:
1979:
Other combinations are possible. For example, heads or umbels may be arranged in a corymb or a panicle.
1549:
972:
4158:
940:
595:
3178:
Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, Michael J. Donoghue:
2876:"High temperature arrest of inflorescence development in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)"
1265:
548:
When the bract is attached to the stem holding the flower (the pedicel or peduncle), it is said to be
414:
Indeterminate inflorescence with the subterminal flower to simulate the terminal one (vestige present)
4495:
4308:
1952:
1886:
1532:
624:
2185:
1842:
4446:
4291:
3341:
2955:"Genetic control of branching pattern and floral identity during Petunia inflorescence development"
1376:
1335:
1253:
1620:
Compound umbels are umbels in which the single flowers are replaced by many smaller umbels called
1049:
1017:
986:
657:
There is no general consensus in defining the different inflorescences. The following is based on
217:
are formed on the axis of a plant. The modifications can involve the length and the nature of the
1801:
is similar to a racemose corymb but has a panicle-like structure. Another type of panicle is the
1241:
1034:
902:
52:
2134:
4276:
4200:
1943:
1769:
923:
159:
4005:
3059:"The Reproductive Biology of Asclepias Tuberosa: I. Flower Number, Arrangement, and Fruit-Set"
2953:
Souer, E.; Krol, A. van der; Kloos, D.; Spelt, C.; Bliek, M.; Mol, J.; Koes, R. (1998-02-15).
1394:
4441:
3225:
3200:
2451:
2175:
2090:
1653:
2205:, in which case it is difficult to differentiate between inflorescences and single flowers.
1480:
4163:
4060:
4015:
3687:
3246:
2805:
2593:
2158:
1354:
1325:
1296:
791:
330:
202:
99:
27:
3663:
163:
has the world's largest unbranched inflorescence. Photo of the plant in bloom in 2000 at
8:
4333:
3878:
2475:; Coen, Enrico (1997-01-03). "Inflorescence Commitment and Architecture in Arabidopsis".
1874:
2809:
2597:
2561:. Applied esp. to compound inflorescences of this type forming a more or less flat head.
2434:
2411:
2043:) organised in panicles or spikes that are usually simply and improperly referred to as
1445:; that is as a raceme with a terminal flower and is usually improperly called 'raceme'.
1003:
881:
288:). The rachis may be one of several types, including single, composite, umbel, spike or
4271:
4136:
3914:
3606:
3392:
3288:
3123:
3111:
3075:
3058:
3034:
3001:
2928:
2829:
2617:
2508:
2472:
2366:
2341:
2282:
1805:. An anthela is a cymose corymb with the lateral flowers higher than the central ones.
1470:
246:
218:
2729:
2696:
2672:
2639:
4429:
3278:
3273:
3115:
3080:
3039:
3021:
2982:
2974:
2932:
2897:
2821:
2775:
2770:
2754:"terminal flower: a gene affecting inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana"
2753:
2734:
2716:
2677:
2659:
2609:
2500:
2492:
2439:
2371:
2107:
1964:
1711:
1682:
1573:
1056:
257:
250:
196:
148:
2621:
2512:
2412:"Desmopsisterriflora, an extraordinary new species of Annonaceae with flagelliflory"
1902:
A raceme in which the single flowers are replaced by cymes is called a (indefinite)
4490:
4215:
4121:
4116:
4070:
3963:
3948:
3909:
3834:
3675:
3599:
3496:
3438:
3185:
3107:
3070:
3029:
3013:
2966:
2924:
2887:
2860:
2856:
2813:
2765:
2724:
2708:
2667:
2651:
2601:
2584:
Tucker, Shirley C.; Grimes, James (1999-10-01). "The inflorescence: Introduction".
2484:
2429:
2419:
2361:
2353:
2315:
1971:
1113:
962:
794:
inflorescence with pedicellate (having short floral stalks) flowers along the axis.
750:
711:
537:
265:
143:
4010:
4469:
4451:
4313:
4142:
4092:
4080:
4042:
3978:
3805:
3773:
3734:
3707:
3536:
3531:
3422:
3358:
3239:
3207:
2424:
1893:
1213:
1009:
993:
836:
830:
585:
485:, flowers can be arranged on the stem according to many different patterns. See '
427:
maturation. When flowers start to mature from the top of the stem, maturation is
402:
Indeterminate inflorescence with an acropetal maturation and lateral flower buds.
2752:
Alvarez, John; Guli, Catherine L.; Yu, Xiang-Hua; Smyth, David R. (1992-01-01).
2697:"LEAFY, a Homeotic Gene That Regulates Inflorescence Development in Arabidopsis"
2488:
2223:
Genes that shape inflorescence development have been studied at great length in
4363:
4328:
4281:
4263:
4227:
3983:
3810:
3788:
3754:
3729:
3712:
3702:
3697:
3579:
3397:
3382:
3336:
3331:
1864:
1832:
1740:
1539:
1024:
930:
281:
206:
2954:
299:
and is found across a number of plant families. An extreme version of this is
154:
4484:
4399:
4147:
4065:
4037:
4000:
3968:
3904:
3873:
3724:
3526:
3509:
3432:
3412:
3353:
3348:
3296:
3192:
3119:
3084:
3025:
2978:
2936:
2901:
2892:
2875:
2825:
2779:
2720:
2663:
2640:"Genetic Interactions That Regulate Inflorescence Development in Arabidopsis"
2613:
2496:
1556:
1425:
1383:
1181:
694:
643:
210:
138:
4394:
4384:
4286:
3995:
3504:
3471:
3043:
2738:
2681:
2443:
2375:
2202:
2141:
2124:
2009:
1177:
1088:
1040:
849:
822:
273:
20:
2986:
2970:
2504:
358:
Indeterminate and determinate inflorescences are sometimes referred to as
4210:
4195:
4190:
4126:
3988:
3768:
3739:
3638:
3633:
3481:
3321:
3316:
3301:
3017:
3000:
Benlloch, R.; Berbel, A.; Serrano-Mislata, A.; Madueno, F. (2007-09-01).
2357:
2225:
1441:
Another kind of definite simple inflorescence is the raceme-like cyme or
1138:'anything swollen'). Cymes are further divided according to this scheme:
858:
486:
222:
2712:
2655:
1518:
is a fascicle with the structure of a dichasium; it is common among the
4239:
4232:
4222:
4205:
3888:
3883:
3819:
3611:
3458:
3417:
3311:
3127:
2833:
2605:
2024:
689:
341:
312:
300:
296:
188:
3002:"Floral Initiation and Inflorescence Architecture: A Comparative View"
199:) and by the timing of its flowering (determinate and indeterminate).
4347:
4244:
3973:
3778:
3759:
3670:
3594:
3514:
3466:
3407:
3387:
3326:
2276:
2063:
1624:. The stem attaching the side umbellets to the main stem is called a
1519:
1192:
351:
322:
230:
225:, as well as variations in the proportions, compressions, swellings,
2999:
2817:
41:
4389:
4379:
4323:
4318:
4085:
3958:
3934:
3851:
3521:
3306:
2403:
2234:
2069:
2058:
2039:
2029:
2027:
is characterised by a highly specialised head technically called a
1992:
1601:
Compound raceme inflorescences can either end with a final raceme (
1587:
Simple inflorescences are the basis for compound inflorescences or
530:
329:. In inflorescences these two different growth patterns are called
317:
226:
3574:
3569:
3486:
3476:
2409:
2034:
1817:
1187:
The successive pedicels follow a zig-zag path on the same plane:
841:
311:
Plant organs can grow according to two different schemes, namely
285:
2470:
390:
Indeterminate inflorescence with a perfect acropetal maturation.
4027:
3919:
3839:
3793:
3783:
3744:
3682:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3262:
3220:
2558:
2547:
Collins English Dictionary. 8th Edition first published in 2006
2342:"Inflorescences: concepts, function, development and evolution"
2192:
2033:(but usually referred to as 'capitulum' or 'head'). The family
1849:
1790:
The most common kind of definite compound inflorescence is the
1072:
947:
887:
866:
808:
799:
786:
614:
289:
261:
214:
192:
184:
765:
4251:
4185:
4107:
4075:
4032:
3924:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3844:
3829:
3798:
3719:
3377:
3368:
2053:
978:
817:
277:
264:. The stalk of each flower in the inflorescence is called a
180:
168:
1148:
Secondary buds always develop on the same side of the stem:
803:
is a type of raceme with flowers that do not have a pedicel.
4102:
4097:
3749:
3589:
3564:
3559:
3543:
3402:
2265:
1507:
1119:
732:
482:
2316:"Inflorescence | Racemes, Spikes & Cymes | Britannica"
1172:
The successive pedicels are arranged in a sort of spiral:
4022:
3584:
3231:
3145:
Morphologie der BlΓΌten und der BlΓΌtenstΓ€nde; Zweiter Teil
2302:
759:
726:
720:
705:
Indeterminate simple inflorescences are generally called
2410:
Fernanda MartΓnez-Velarde, Maria; 6 others, and (2023).
249:, inflorescence characteristics are largely a result of
2339:
1613:. This definition is very different from that given by
1158:
The successive pedicels are aligned on the same plane:
1102:
Determinate simple inflorescences are generally called
518:
Similarly arrangement of leaf in bud is called Ptyxis.
431:, whereas when the central mature first, maturation is
1166:
Secondary buds develop alternately on the stem :
2471:
Bradley, Desmond; Ratcliffe, Oliver; Vincent, Coral;
1116:
762:
735:
723:
256:
The stem holding the whole inflorescence is called a
2340:
Kirchoff, Bruce K.; ClaΓen-Bockhoff, Regine (2013).
756:
717:
284:. Inflorescences may be simple (single) or complex (
16:
Term used in botany to describe a cluster of flowers
2952:
2637:
1122:
768:
753:
729:
714:
471:
Determinate inflorescence with divergent maturation
459:
Determinate inflorescence with basipetal maturation
447:
Determinate inflorescence with acropetal maturation
66:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2751:
2237:identity, regulating inflorescence development in
693:Inflorescence of sessile disc florets forming the
26:"Inflorescent" redirects here. For the album, see
1438:, although it is normally called simply 'umbel'.
743:. The main kind of racemose inflorescence is the
4482:
3166:Praktische EinfΓΌhrung in die Pflanzenmorphologie
2873:
2638:Shannon, S.; Meeks-Wagner, D. R. (1993-06-01).
1106:. The main kind of cymose inflorescence is the
205:, an inflorescence is the modified part of the
2037:has a peculiar inflorescence of small spikes (
3247:
3159:Die Infloreszenzen; Zweiter Band, Erster Teil
2694:
2208:
4353:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
2695:Schultz, E. A.; Haughn, G. W. (1991-08-01).
2583:
2201:Some species have inflorescences reduced to
700:
2874:Bjorkman, T.; Pearson, K. J. (1998-01-01).
2795:
2456:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2256:
1506:A reduced raceme or cyme that grows in the
663:Morphologie der BlΓΌten und der BlΓΌtenstΓ€nde
3254:
3240:
3180:Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach
2525:Kubitzki, Klaus, and Clemens Bayer. 2002.
1582:
1134:in the sense 'cabbage sprout', from Greek
239:
233:and reduction of main and secondary axes.
3074:
3033:
2891:
2769:
2728:
2671:
2433:
2423:
2382:
2365:
536:Other plants have the bracts subtend the
280:stage of an inflorescence is known as an
126:Learn how and when to remove this message
4297:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
2914:
2390:"PlantNET - NSW Flora Online - Glossary"
2266:Meristems and inflorescence architecture
1594:A kind of compound inflorescence is the
1097:
688:
684:
153:
137:
3161:. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969
3154:. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1964
1914:. Thyrses are often confusingly called
1609:). A compound raceme is often called a
544:Metatopic placement of bracts include:
4483:
147:, showing inflorescence with branched
3235:
3097:
3056:
2948:
2946:
2791:
2789:
2633:
2631:
840:. It is characteristic of the family
525:Typical placement of bracts include:
3147:. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1981
2846:
64:adding citations to reliable sources
35:
13:
3175:. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1963
3168:. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1957
3112:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1982.tb13295.x
3091:
3076:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04453.x
2993:
2943:
2929:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086487
2840:
2786:
2745:
2688:
2628:
2577:
2574:Burlington: Academic Press. p. 509
2464:
306:
245:types. Because flowers facilitate
14:
4507:
4302:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
3213:
2849:Journal of Horticultural Sciences
165:Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden
4465:
4464:
3219:
2771:10.1111/j.1365-313X.1992.00103.x
2218:
2203:composite flowers or pseudanthia
2184:
2167:
2150:
2133:
2128:(spikes in a panicle, "panicle")
2116:
2099:
2082:
2077:), usually organised in umbels.
2001:
1984:
1963:
1951:
1935:
1923:
1885:
1873:
1856:
1841:
1824:
1810:
1778:
1761:
1749:
1732:
1720:
1703:
1691:
1674:
1662:
1645:
1633:
1565:
1548:
1531:
1491:
1479:
1462:
1450:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1375:
1370:Rhipidium (lateral and top view)
1363:
1346:
1341:Cincinnus (lateral and top view)
1334:
1317:
1312:Drepanium (lateral and top view)
1305:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1208:Secondary axis still dichasial:
1112:
1080:
1065:
1048:
1033:
1016:
1002:
985:
971:
954:
939:
922:
910:
894:
880:
749:
710:
635:
623:
606:
594:
577:
565:
506:
494:
464:
452:
440:
407:
395:
383:
40:
3152:Die Infloreszenzen; Erster Band
3137:
3050:
2908:
2867:
2564:
2550:
2251:ABC model of flower development
652:
51:needs additional citations for
3182:, Sinauer Associates Inc. 2007
2880:Journal of Experimental Botany
2861:10.1080/00221589.1969.11514314
2541:
2532:
2519:
2333:
2308:
2295:
2233:(LFY) is a gene that promotes
2213:
1686:(heterothetic compound raceme)
1657:(homoeothetic compound raceme)
1283:Bostryx (lateral and top view)
1231:More than two secondary axes:
540:or peduncle of single flowers.
476:
1:
2289:
589:(flower and subtending bract)
489:' for in-depth descriptions.
4343:History of plant systematics
3930:Thorns, spines, and prickles
3190:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
3057:WYATT, ROBERT (1980-05-01).
2425:10.3897/phytokeys.227.102279
1669:Heterothetic compound raceme
7:
2489:10.1126/science.275.5296.80
2111:(compound spikes, "spikes")
1640:Homeothetic compound raceme
1219:Secondary axis monochasia:
572:Flower and subtending bract
372:indeterminate inflorescence
338:Indeterminate inflorescence
191:that is composed of a main
183:, is a group or cluster of
10:
4512:
4159:Alternation of generations
3261:
3100:American Journal of Botany
2209:Development and patterning
421:determinate inflorescences
25:
18:
4460:
4408:
4372:
4309:Cultivated plant taxonomy
4272:Biological classification
4262:
4135:
4051:
3947:
3897:
3622:
3552:
3495:
3457:
3431:
3367:
3287:
3269:
3206:14 September 2018 at the
1142:Only one secondary axis:
701:Indeterminate or racemose
673:). Inflorescences can be
348:Determinate inflorescence
4169:Evolutionary development
2257:Environmental influences
2018:
19:Not to be confused with
3820:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
3194:. Version 7, May 2006 .
2529:Berlin: Springer. p. 77
1996:sp. (heads in a corymb)
1785:Compound (triple) umbel
1756:Compound (double) umbel
1583:Compound inflorescences
1510:of a bract is called a
1176:(characteristic of the
903:Epilobium angustifolium
776:, from classical Latin
240:General characteristics
4435:by author abbreviation
4359:Plant taxonomy systems
4277:Botanical nomenclature
2893:10.1093/jxb/49.318.101
1944:Aesculus hippocastanum
1770:Laserpitium latifolium
697:
172:
160:Amorphophallus titanum
151:
4442:Botanical expeditions
2971:10.1242/dev.125.4.733
2570:Simpson, M. G. 2010.
2179:(cyathia in an umbel)
2176:Euphorbia cyparissias
2091:Matricaria chamomilla
2013:(umbels in a panicle)
1797:The so-called cymose
1654:Melilotus officinalis
1221:double scorpioid cyme
1098:Determinate or cymose
1075:(racemose or spicate)
692:
685:Simple inflorescences
157:
141:
4174:Evolutionary history
4164:Double fertilization
4016:Cellular respiration
3228:at Wikimedia Commons
2586:The Botanical Review
2159:Euphorbia tridentata
1744:(compound capitulum)
1596:double inflorescence
1355:Symphytum officinale
1326:Gladiolus imbricatus
1297:Hypericum perforatum
1225:double helicoid cyme
1202:Two secondary axes:
615:Solanum lycopersicum
60:improve this article
3393:Non-vascular plants
3171:Bernhard Kausmann:
2810:1995Ecol...76..229L
2713:10.1105/tpc.3.8.771
2656:10.1105/tpc.5.6.639
2598:1999BotRv..65..303T
2473:Carpenter, Rosemary
1412:Dichasium, top view
1212:(characteristic of
367:different species.
3898:Surface structures
3693:Flower development
3018:10.1093/aob/mcm146
2606:10.1007/BF02857752
2358:10.1093/aob/mct267
2320:www.britannica.com
2283:Aesculus sylvatica
1727:Compound capitulum
1474:(umbelliform cyme)
1471:Pelargonium zonale
1130:), from the Latin
790:is an unbranched,
698:
247:plant reproduction
173:
152:
4478:
4477:
4117:Herbaceous plants
3943:
3942:
3224:Media related to
3143:Focko Weberling:
2758:The Plant Journal
2572:Plant Systematics
2108:Triticum aestivum
1712:Lolium temulentum
1683:Veronica albicans
1574:Mentha longifolia
1057:Dipsacus fullonum
966:(racemose corymb)
501:Alternate flowers
251:natural selection
179:, in a flowering
136:
135:
128:
110:
4503:
4496:Plant morphology
4468:
4467:
4447:Individual trees
4122:Secondary growth
4093:Succulent plants
4081:Prostrate shrubs
3964:Apical dominance
3949:Plant physiology
3910:Epicuticular wax
3455:
3454:
3448:
3439:Plant morphology
3256:
3249:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3223:
3188:(2001 onwards).
3173:Pflanzenanatomie
3132:
3131:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3078:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3006:Annals of Botany
2997:
2991:
2990:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2917:Annals of Botany
2912:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2886:(318): 101β106.
2871:
2865:
2864:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2675:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2581:
2575:
2568:
2562:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2418:(227): 181β198.
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2346:Annals of Botany
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2312:
2306:
2299:
2188:
2171:
2154:
2137:
2120:
2103:
2086:
2005:
1988:
1972:Syringa vulgaris
1967:
1955:
1939:
1927:
1889:
1877:
1860:
1845:
1828:
1814:
1782:
1765:
1753:
1736:
1724:
1715:(compound spike)
1707:
1695:
1678:
1666:
1649:
1637:
1569:
1560:(verticillaster)
1552:
1535:
1495:
1483:
1466:
1457:Umbelliform cyme
1454:
1436:umbelliform cyme
1421:
1409:
1397:
1379:
1367:
1350:
1338:
1321:
1309:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1084:
1069:
1052:
1037:
1020:
1006:
989:
975:
963:Iberis umbellata
958:
943:
926:
914:
898:
884:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
639:
627:
618:(concaulescence)
610:
598:
581:
569:
513:Opposite flowers
510:
498:
468:
456:
444:
411:
399:
387:
144:Aloe hereroensis
131:
124:
120:
117:
111:
109:
68:
44:
36:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4456:
4425:Botanical terms
4418:
4404:
4368:
4314:Citrus taxonomy
4292:Author citation
4258:
4152:
4131:
4053:
4047:
4043:Turgor pressure
3951:
3939:
3893:
3708:Floral symmetry
3626:
3618:
3548:
3537:Vascular bundle
3532:Vascular tissue
3491:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3427:
3398:Vascular plants
3363:
3359:Plant pathology
3283:
3265:
3260:
3216:
3208:Wayback Machine
3164:Wilhelm Troll:
3157:Wilhelm Troll:
3150:Wilhelm Troll:
3140:
3135:
3096:
3092:
3063:New Phytologist
3055:
3051:
2998:
2994:
2951:
2944:
2913:
2909:
2872:
2868:
2845:
2841:
2818:10.2307/1940645
2794:
2787:
2750:
2746:
2693:
2689:
2636:
2629:
2582:
2578:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2524:
2520:
2483:(5296): 80β83.
2469:
2465:
2449:
2448:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2338:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2268:
2259:
2247:terminal flower
2235:floral meristem
2221:
2216:
2211:
2197:
2189:
2180:
2172:
2163:
2155:
2146:
2138:
2129:
2121:
2112:
2104:
2095:
2087:
2021:
2014:
2006:
1997:
1989:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1956:
1947:
1940:
1931:
1928:
1908:definite thyrse
1898:
1894:Juncus inflexus
1890:
1881:
1878:
1869:
1868:(cymose corymb)
1861:
1852:
1846:
1837:
1829:
1820:
1815:
1786:
1783:
1774:
1766:
1757:
1754:
1745:
1737:
1728:
1725:
1716:
1708:
1699:
1696:
1687:
1679:
1670:
1667:
1658:
1650:
1641:
1638:
1589:synflorescences
1585:
1578:
1570:
1561:
1553:
1544:
1536:
1502:
1499:Berberis vernae
1496:
1487:
1484:
1475:
1467:
1458:
1455:
1430:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1401:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1368:
1359:
1351:
1342:
1339:
1330:
1322:
1313:
1310:
1301:
1293:
1284:
1281:
1272:
1269:
1260:
1257:
1248:
1245:
1214:Caryophyllaceae
1115:
1111:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1076:
1070:
1061:
1053:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1021:
1012:
1007:
998:
994:Astrantia minor
990:
981:
976:
967:
959:
950:
944:
935:
927:
918:
915:
906:
899:
890:
885:
752:
748:
713:
709:
703:
687:
659:Focko Weberling
655:
648:
647:(recaulescence)
640:
631:
628:
619:
611:
602:
599:
590:
586:Lilium martagon
582:
573:
570:
514:
511:
502:
499:
479:
472:
469:
460:
457:
448:
445:
415:
412:
403:
400:
391:
388:
309:
307:Terminal flower
242:
203:Morphologically
132:
121:
115:
112:
75:"Inflorescence"
69:
67:
57:
45:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4509:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4415:Related topics
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4364:Taxonomic rank
4361:
4356:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4316:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4282:Botanical name
4274:
4268:
4266:
4264:Plant taxonomy
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4240:Megasporangium
4237:
4236:
4235:
4228:Microsporangia
4220:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4068:
4066:Cushion plants
4057:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4003:
4001:Plant hormones
3998:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3984:Photosynthesis
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3703:Floral formula
3700:
3698:Floral diagram
3695:
3690:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3651:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3627:(incl. Flower)
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3529:
3527:Storage organs
3524:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3413:Spermatophytes
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3383:Archaeplastida
3380:
3374:
3372:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3337:Phytogeography
3334:
3332:Phytochemistry
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3289:Subdisciplines
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3215:
3214:External links
3212:
3211:
3210:
3198:
3195:
3186:Stevens, P. F.
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3106:(4): 585β594.
3090:
3069:(1): 119β131.
3049:
3012:(3): 659β676.
2992:
2965:(4): 733β742.
2942:
2923:(4): 429β440.
2907:
2866:
2855:(4): 311β320.
2839:
2804:(1): 229β245.
2785:
2764:(1): 103β116.
2744:
2707:(8): 771β781.
2701:The Plant Cell
2687:
2650:(6): 639β655.
2644:The Plant Cell
2627:
2592:(4): 303β316.
2576:
2563:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2518:
2463:
2402:
2381:
2332:
2307:
2303:www.usanpn.org
2293:
2291:
2288:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2183:
2181:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2156:
2149:
2147:
2145:(hypanthodium)
2139:
2132:
2130:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2081:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1950:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1922:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1865:Sambucus nigra
1862:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1833:Vitis vinifera
1830:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1773:(double umbel)
1767:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1748:
1746:
1741:Echinops ritro
1738:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1698:Compound spike
1697:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1632:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1540:Gentiana lutea
1537:
1530:
1516:verticillaster
1504:
1503:
1497:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1449:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1217:
1204:dichasial cyme
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1168:scorpioid cyme
1164:
1163:
1162:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1025:Arum maculatum
1022:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1001:
999:
991:
984:
982:
977:
970:
968:
960:
953:
951:
945:
938:
936:
931:Plantago media
928:
921:
919:
916:
909:
907:
900:
893:
891:
886:
879:
876:
875:
862:
845:
826:
813:
804:
795:
702:
699:
686:
683:
654:
651:
650:
649:
641:
634:
632:
629:
622:
620:
612:
605:
603:
601:Concaulescence
600:
593:
591:
583:
576:
574:
571:
564:
561:
560:
553:
542:
541:
534:
516:
515:
512:
505:
503:
500:
493:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:
463:
461:
458:
451:
449:
446:
439:
417:
416:
413:
406:
404:
401:
394:
392:
389:
382:
356:
355:
345:
308:
305:
282:infructescence
241:
238:
187:arranged on a
134:
133:
48:
46:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4508:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4471:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4401:
4400:Phytochemical
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4038:Transpiration
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:Inflorescence
3823:
3821:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3510:Ground tissue
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:Plant anatomy
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:Plant ecology
3352:
3350:
3349:Plant anatomy
3347:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:Archaeobotany
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3227:
3226:Inflorescence
3222:
3218:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2391:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2352:(8): 1471β6.
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2219:Genetic basis
2206:
2204:
2196:(false spike)
2195:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1730:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1557:Lamium orvala
1551:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1426:Silene dioica
1420:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:Commelinaceae
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:helicoid cyme
1147:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1109:
1105:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1000:
996:
995:
988:
983:
980:
974:
969:
965:
964:
957:
952:
949:
942:
937:
933:
932:
925:
920:
913:
908:
905:
904:
897:
892:
889:
883:
878:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
860:
856:
852:
851:
846:
843:
839:
838:
833:
832:
827:
824:
820:
819:
814:
811:
810:
805:
802:
801:
796:
793:
792:indeterminate
789:
788:
783:
782:
781:
779:
773:
746:
740:
708:
696:
691:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
646:
645:
644:Tilia cordata
638:
633:
630:Recaulescence
626:
621:
617:
616:
609:
604:
597:
592:
588:
587:
580:
575:
568:
563:
562:
558:
557:concaulescent
554:
551:
547:
546:
545:
539:
535:
532:
528:
527:
526:
523:
519:
509:
504:
497:
492:
491:
490:
488:
484:
467:
462:
455:
450:
443:
438:
437:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
410:
405:
398:
393:
386:
381:
380:
379:
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
353:
349:
346:
343:
339:
336:
335:
334:
332:
331:indeterminate
328:
324:
320:
319:
314:
304:
302:
301:flagelliflory
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
237:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:inflorescence
171:, Florida, US
170:
166:
162:
161:
156:
150:
146:
145:
140:
130:
127:
119:
116:November 2023
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77: β
76:
72:
71:Find sources:
65:
61:
55:
54:
49:This article
47:
43:
38:
37:
32:
30:
22:
4395:Horticulture
4385:Floriculture
4287:Correct name
4137:Reproduction
4127:Woody plants
4052:Plant growth
4011:Gas Exchange
3996:Phytomelanin
3874:Plant embryo
3824:
3624:Reproductive
3472:Phragmoplast
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3138:Bibliography
3103:
3099:
3093:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2962:
2958:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2801:
2797:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2647:
2643:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2571:
2566:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2452:cite journal
2415:
2405:
2393:. Retrieved
2384:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2324:. Retrieved
2322:. 2023-09-26
2319:
2310:
2297:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2246:
2242:
2239:Arabidopsis.
2238:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2200:
2191:
2174:
2157:
2142:Ficus carica
2140:
2125:Oryza sativa
2123:
2106:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2052:
2051:. The genus
2048:
2044:
2038:
2028:
2022:
2010:Hedera helix
2008:
1991:
1978:
1970:
1942:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1863:
1831:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1768:
1739:
1710:
1681:
1652:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1610:
1607:heterothetic
1606:
1603:homoeothetic
1602:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1572:
1555:
1538:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1498:
1469:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1382:
1353:
1324:
1295:
1233:pleiochasium
1232:
1224:
1220:
1209:
1203:
1188:
1178:Boraginaceae
1173:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1110:(pronounced
1107:
1103:
1101:
1089:Alnus incana
1087:
1055:
1023:
992:
961:
929:
901:
871:
865:
854:
848:
835:
829:
823:Umbelliferae
816:
807:
798:
785:
777:
744:
706:
704:
678:
674:
670:
669:) or a few (
666:
662:
656:
653:Organization
642:
613:
584:
556:
550:recaulescent
549:
543:
524:
520:
517:
480:
432:
428:
424:
420:
418:
375:
371:
369:
363:
359:
357:
347:
337:
326:
316:
310:
294:
274:pseudanthium
255:
243:
235:
201:
176:
174:
158:
142:
122:
113:
103:
96:
89:
82:
70:
58:Please help
53:verification
50:
29:Inflorescent
28:
21:Fluorescence
4211:Pollen tube
4206:Pollinators
4196:Pollination
4191:Germination
4006:Respiration
3989:Chlorophyll
3835:Pedicellate
3769:Gametophyte
3688:Aestivation
3639:Antheridium
3634:Archegonium
3482:Plasmodesma
3459:Plant cells
3322:Paleobotany
3317:Ethnobotany
3302:Astrobotany
2959:Development
2557:opposed to
2226:Arabidopsis
2214:Development
2023:The family
1605:), or not (
1543:(fascicles)
1429:(dichasium)
1388:(rhipidium)
1358:(cincinnus)
1329:(drepanium)
1271:Double cyme
1259:Double cyme
1247:Monochasium
1144:monochasium
859:Dipsacaceae
850:flower head
806:A racemose
487:Phyllotaxis
477:Phyllotaxis
376:subterminal
223:phyllotaxis
211:seed plants
4485:Categories
4233:Microspore
4223:Sporangium
4201:Artificial
3889:Sporophyte
3884:Sporophyll
3879:Receptacle
3774:Gynandrium
3644:Androecium
3553:Vegetative
3423:Angiosperm
3418:Gymnosperm
3312:Dendrology
2326:2023-11-03
2290:References
2162:(cyathium)
2094:(calathid)
2025:Asteraceae
1501:(botryoid)
342:Monopodial
313:monopodial
297:cauliflory
231:connations
219:internodes
86:newspapers
4430:Botanists
4348:Herbarium
4245:Megaspore
4143:Evolution
4086:Subshrubs
4054:and habit
3979:Nutrition
3974:Cellulose
3969:Bulk flow
3952:Materials
3915:Epidermis
3779:Gynoecium
3760:Endosperm
3755:Dispersal
3671:Staminode
3607:Sessility
3595:Cataphyll
3515:Mesophyll
3467:Cell wall
3408:Lycophyte
3388:Bryophyte
3342:Geobotany
3327:Phycology
3120:1537-2197
3085:1469-8137
3026:0305-7364
2979:0950-1991
2937:0305-7364
2902:0022-0957
2826:1939-9170
2780:1365-313X
2721:1040-4651
2664:1040-4651
2614:0006-8101
2497:0036-8075
2416:PhytoKeys
2277:Asclepias
2064:Euphorbia
2040:spikelets
1897:(anthela)
1836:(panicle)
1622:umbellets
1615:Weberling
1577:('spike')
1520:Lamiaceae
1400:Dichasium
1300:(bostryx)
1210:dichasium
1193:Iridaceae
1189:rhipidium
1174:cincinnus
1160:drepanium
946:Racemose
855:capitulum
695:capitulum
671:pauciflor
667:pluriflor
433:divergent
429:basipetal
425:acropetal
352:Sympodial
323:sympodial
227:adnations
4470:Category
4390:Forestry
4380:Agronomy
4373:Practice
4324:Cultivar
4319:Cultigen
4179:timeline
4071:Rosettes
3959:Aleurone
3935:Trichome
3852:Perianth
3664:Filament
3522:Meristem
3445:glossary
3307:Bryology
3204:Archived
3044:17679690
2739:12324613
2682:12271079
2622:29599096
2513:20301629
2444:37396012
2435:10314296
2376:24383103
2243:APETALA1
2075:cyathium
2059:Moraceae
2030:calathid
1993:Achillea
1958:Thyrsoid
1916:panicles
1912:thyrsoid
1512:fascicle
1486:Botryoid
1443:botryoid
1028:(spadix)
707:racemose
679:compound
481:As with
318:racemose
278:fruiting
258:peduncle
221:and the
197:peduncle
149:peduncle
4491:Flowers
4148:Ecology
3905:Cuticle
3735:Capsule
3725:Anatomy
3676:Tapetum
3600:Petiole
3575:Rhizome
3570:Rhizoid
3497:Tissues
3487:Vacuole
3477:Plastid
3279:Outline
3274:History
3128:2443068
3035:2759223
2987:9435293
2834:1940645
2806:Bibcode
2798:Ecology
2594:Bibcode
2505:8974397
2477:Science
2395:May 17,
2367:3828949
2073:(sing.
2070:cyathia
2049:panicle
2035:Poaceae
1880:Anthela
1848:Cymose
1818:Panicle
1803:anthela
1792:panicle
1611:panicle
1154:bostryx
1092:(ament)
1043:(round)
997:(umbel)
934:(spike)
842:Araceae
778:racemus
538:pedicel
286:panicle
266:pedicel
215:flowers
185:flowers
100:scholar
31:(album)
4452:Plants
4355:(IAPT)
4108:Lianas
4076:Shrubs
4028:Starch
3920:Nectar
3840:Raceme
3806:Stigma
3794:Locule
3784:Carpel
3745:Pyrena
3683:Flower
3659:Anther
3654:Stamen
3649:Pollen
3371:groups
3263:Botany
3126:
3118:
3083:
3042:
3032:
3024:
2985:
2977:
2935:
2900:
2832:
2824:
2778:
2737:
2730:160044
2727:
2719:
2680:
2673:160302
2670:
2662:
2620:
2612:
2559:Raceme
2511:
2503:
2495:
2442:
2432:
2374:
2364:
2193:Coleus
1930:Thyrse
1904:thyrse
1850:corymb
1799:corymb
1191:(many
1104:cymose
1073:Catkin
1060:(head)
1010:Spadix
948:corymb
888:Raceme
867:catkin
837:spathe
831:spadix
809:corymb
787:raceme
745:raceme
675:simple
531:adnate
483:leaves
370:In an
364:closed
327:cymose
290:raceme
276:. The
270:floret
262:rachis
213:where
193:branch
102:
95:
88:
81:
73:
4412:Lists
4329:Group
4252:Spore
4186:Flora
4103:Vines
4098:Trees
4061:Habit
4033:Sugar
3925:Stoma
3867:Sepal
3862:Petal
3857:Tepal
3845:Umbel
3830:Bract
3811:Style
3799:Ovule
3789:Ovary
3730:Berry
3720:Fruit
3713:Whorl
3580:Shoot
3378:Algae
3369:Plant
3124:JSTOR
2830:JSTOR
2618:S2CID
2509:S2CID
2231:LEAFY
2054:Ficus
2045:spike
2019:Other
1524:spike
1384:Canna
979:Umbel
917:Spike
872:ament
818:umbel
800:spike
207:shoot
181:plant
169:Miami
107:JSTOR
93:books
4334:Grex
4216:Self
3750:Seed
3612:Stem
3590:Leaf
3565:Root
3560:Bulb
3544:Wood
3505:Cork
3403:Fern
3116:ISSN
3081:ISSN
3040:PMID
3022:ISSN
2983:PMID
2975:ISSN
2933:ISSN
2898:ISSN
2822:ISSN
2776:ISSN
2735:PMID
2717:ISSN
2678:PMID
2660:ISSN
2610:ISSN
2501:PMID
2493:ISSN
2458:link
2440:PMID
2397:2022
2372:PMID
2067:has
2047:and
1514:. A
1508:axil
1180:and
1136:kuma
1132:cyma
1108:cyme
1041:Head
362:and
360:open
321:and
189:stem
79:news
4023:Sap
3740:Nut
3585:Bud
3108:doi
3071:doi
3030:PMC
3014:doi
3010:100
2967:doi
2963:125
2925:doi
2888:doi
2857:doi
2814:doi
2766:doi
2725:PMC
2709:doi
2668:PMC
2652:doi
2602:doi
2485:doi
2481:275
2430:PMC
2420:doi
2362:PMC
2354:doi
2350:112
1910:or
1626:ray
1386:sp.
1223:or
1152:or
870:or
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677:or
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419:In
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