349:
235:
1847:
material is incorporated into thermal tiles that are placed in an attic space, while in other applications, the salt is incorporated into cells surrounded by solar–heated water. The phase change allows a substantial reduction in the mass of the material required for effective heat storage (the heat of fusion of sodium sulfate decahydrate is 82 kJ/mol or 252 kJ/kg), with the further advantage of a consistency of temperature as long as sufficient material in the appropriate phase is available.
704:
1289:
2076:
38:
47:
865:
1774:. However, due to advances in the thermal efficiency of the Kraft recovery process in the early 1960s, more efficient sulfur recovery was achieved and the need for sodium sulfate makeup was drastically reduced. Hence, the use of sodium sulfate in the US and Canadian pulp industry declined from 1,400,000 tonnes per year in 1970 to only approx. 150,000 tonnes in 2006.
1886:. It is only effective below about 30 °C (86 °F), but it can be used with a variety of materials since it is chemically fairly inert. Sodium sulfate is added to the solution until the crystals no longer clump together; the two video clips (see above) demonstrate how the crystals clump when still wet, but some crystals flow freely once a sample is dry.
709:
1725:
1712:
1280:
Sodium sulfate has unusual solubility characteristics in water. Its solubility in water rises more than tenfold between 0 °C and 32.384 °C, where it reaches a maximum of 49.7 g/100 mL. At this point the solubility curve changes slope, and the solubility becomes almost independent
1702:
Major sodium sulfate by-product producers of 50–80 Mt/a in 2006 include
Elementis Chromium (chromium industry, Castle Hayne, NC, US), Lenzing AG (200 Mt/a, rayon industry, Lenzing, Austria), Addiseo (formerly Rhodia, methionine industry, Les Roches-Roussillon, France), Elementis (chromium industry,
1337:
The world production of sodium sulfate, almost exclusively in the form of the decahydrate, amounts to approximately 5.5 to 6 million tonnes annually (Mt/a). In 1985, production was 4.5 Mt/a, half from natural sources, and half from chemical production. After 2000, at a stable level
1450:
About one third of the world's sodium sulfate is produced as by-product of other processes in chemical industry. Most of this production is chemically inherent to the primary process, and only marginally economical. By effort of the industry, therefore, sodium sulfate production as by-product is
1846:
The high heat-storage capacity in the phase change from solid to liquid, and the advantageous phase change temperature of 32 °C (90 °F) makes this material especially appropriate for storing low-grade solar heat for later release in space heating applications. In some applications the
707:
1918:
At least one company, Thermaltake, makes a laptop computer chill mat (iXoft
Notebook Cooler) using sodium sulfate decahydrate inside a quilted plastic pad. The material slowly turns to liquid and recirculates, equalizing laptop temperature and acting as an insulation.
1338:
until 2006, natural production had increased to 4 Mt/a, and chemical production decreased to 1.5 to 2 Mt/a, with a total of 5.5 to 6 Mt/a. For all applications, naturally produced and chemically produced sodium sulfate are practically interchangeable.
1726:
1927:
Although sodium sulfate is generally regarded as non-toxic, it should be handled with care. The dust can cause temporary asthma or eye irritation; this risk can be prevented by using eye protection and a paper mask. Transport is not limited, and no
1713:
1727:
1790:, to help remove small air bubbles from molten glass. It fluxes the glass, and prevents scum formation of the glass melt during refining. The glass industry in Europe has been consuming from 1970 to 2006 a stable 110,000 tonnes annually.
1714:
1729:
1716:
1313:. These octahedra share edges such that 8 of the 10 water molecules are bound to sodium and 2 others are interstitial, being hydrogen-bonded to sulfate. These cations are linked to the sulfate anions by
1281:
of temperature. This temperature of 32.384 °C, corresponding to the release of crystal water and melting of the hydrated salt, serves as an accurate temperature reference for thermometer
1750:, consuming approximately 50% of world production. This use is waning as domestic consumers are increasingly switching to compact or liquid detergents that do not include sodium sulfate.
2330:
Helena W. Ruben, David H. Templeton, Robert D. Rosenstein, Ivar
Olovsson, "Crystal Structure and Entropy of Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, volume 83, pp. 820–824.
1660:, where sulfuric acid is added to sodium chromate solution forming sodium dichromate, or subsequently chromic acid. Alternatively, sodium sulfate is or was formed in the production of
708:
1742:
With US pricing at $ 30 per tonne in 1970, up to $ 90 per tonne for salt cake quality, and $ 130 for better grades, sodium sulphate is a very cheap material. The largest use is as
1402:
5657:
5344:
5313:
1728:
5333:
3009:
1715:
1656:
However, as commercial sources are readily available, laboratory synthesis is not practised often. Formerly, sodium sulfate was also a by-product of the manufacture of
6253:
710:
6040:
6008:
5953:
5580:
5568:
6218:
5878:
1806:
of the solution and so helps in "levelling", i.e. reducing negative electrical charges on textile fibres, so that dyes can penetrate evenly (see the theory of the
6206:
6194:
6125:
5992:
5969:
5726:
5546:
5360:
6156:
6088:
6056:
6024:
5777:
5641:
6234:
6141:
6072:
5634:
5607:
5168:
5145:
4157:
635:
2348:
Brodale, G.; W. F. Giauque (1958). "The Heat of
Hydration of Sodium Sulfate. Low Temperature Heat Capacity and Entropy of Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate".
5622:
5600:
3928:
2086:
1386:
5680:
2760:
5749:
4529:
3786:
3760:
1048:
sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with
878:
784:
5446:
2401:
1413:
1390:
2448:
4542:
732:
152:
2522:
1261:
1032:). Demand for soda ash increased, and the supply of sodium sulfate had to increase in line. Therefore, in the 19th century, the large-scale
4442:
1786:
industry provides another significant application for sodium sulfate, as second largest application in Europe. Sodium sulfate is used as a
405:
3884:
2606:
2575:
2547:
2091:
2851:
760:
2781:
2350:
2060:
2315:
2290:
2265:
2115:
1811:
1329:) of 6.32 J/(K·mol). This is ascribed to its ability to distribute water much more rapidly compared to most hydrates.
873:
1733:
By further application of sodium sulfate the liquid may be brought to dryness, indicated here by the absence of clumping.
4624:
2219:
2021:
1882:, for removing traces of water from organic solutions. It is more efficient, but slower-acting, than the similar agent
1720:
Sodium sulfate used to dry an organic liquid. Here clumps form, indicating the presence of water in the organic liquid.
2720:
2147:
1393:(Burgos, Spain), Minera de Santa Marta (Toledo, Spain), Sulquisa (Madrid, Spain), Chengdu Sanlian Tianquan Chemical (
363:
4213:
1014:
885:
6325:
4230:
1974:
718:
1036:, producing synthetic sodium sulfate as a key intermediate, became the principal method of soda-ash production.
6310:
2844:
671:
5202:
3997:
3965:
2802:
2756:
1822:
vessels used in dyeing. This application in Japan and US consumed in 2006 approximately 100,000 tonnes.
1310:
1691:
Bulk sodium sulfate is usually purified via the decahydrate form, since the anhydrous form tends to attract
298:
230:
2395:
1766:. Organics present in the "black liquor" from this process are burnt to produce heat, needed to drive the
1346:
Two thirds of the world's production of the decahydrate (Glauber's salt) is from the natural mineral form
6320:
4246:
3640:
3420:
327:
192:
2440:
1802:, particularly in Japan, where this is the largest application. Sodium sulfate is added to increase the
1200:
which form many stable alums. Double salts with some other alkali metal sulfates are known, including Na
4009:
3608:
3561:
3549:
1951:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24436, Sodium sulfate.
1540:
1475:
847:
924:. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million
6300:
5921:
5256:
3660:
3650:
3489:
2837:
2543:
1321:. Crystalline sodium sulfate decahydrate is also unusual among hydrated salts in having a measurable
2742:
2421:
1009:(miraculous salt), because of its medicinal properties: the crystals were used as a general-purpose
5527:
4825:
4517:
3632:
3592:
2823:
344:
2516:
1703:
Stockton-on-Tees, UK), Shikoku
Chemicals (Tokushima, Japan) and Visko-R (rayon industry, Russia).
4856:
4602:
3682:
1407:
1382:
570:
1017:
later alleged that it was known as a secret medicine in Saxony already in the mid-16th century.
6104:
5937:
4617:
3505:
3445:
3432:
2649:
Cocchetto, D.M.; G. Levy (1981). "Absorption of orally administered sodium sulfate in humans".
2599:
2568:
1965:
Zachariasen WH, Ziegler GE (1932). "The crystal structure of anhydrous sodium sulfate Na2SO4".
1090:
1854:
salt (NaCl) lowers the melting point to 18 °C (64 °F). The heat of fusion of NaCl·Na
5388:
5301:
5107:
5091:
5061:
4972:
4920:
4841:
4201:
3832:
2539:
1389:(Coahuila, Mexico), Minera de Santa Marta and Criaderos Minerales Y Derivados, also known as
1093:(aka thermo-chemical sulfate reduction (TSR), high temperature heating with charcoal, etc.):
1000:
65:
2684:
Prescott, L. F.; Critchley, J. A. J. H. (1979). "The
Treatment of Acetaminophen Poisoning".
5985:
5784:
5761:
5372:
5084:
5054:
4474:
4433:
4189:
4117:
4037:
3840:
3715:
3408:
3396:
3245:
2995:
2722:
Improvements in or relating to a device and a composition of matter for the storage of heat
2444:
2228:
1952:
1807:
1572:
1378:
around 350,000 tonnes each. Natural resources are estimated at over 1 billion tonnes.
314:
307:
212:
127:
120:
8:
6315:
6171:
5894:
5715:
5707:
5423:
5012:
4169:
4145:
4129:
4065:
3848:
3806:
3765:
3731:
3473:
3461:
3088:
2981:
2819:
1904:
systems. This takes advantage of its unusual solubility properties, and the high heat of
1615:
1029:
110:
2697:
2232:
2056:
348:
234:
172:
5909:
5696:
5407:
5184:
5161:
5138:
4458:
4421:
3827:
3778:
3674:
3380:
3277:
3213:
3117:
3109:
2967:
2730:
2409:
1986:
1758:
Another formerly major use for sodium sulfate, notably in the US and Canada, is in the
1743:
1607:
1560:
1418:
1225:
909:
835:
6305:
5492:
5275:
5191:
5122:
5001:
4939:
4905:
4897:
4808:
4771:
4703:
4610:
4389:
4348:
4302:
3912:
3819:
3798:
3747:
3691:
3573:
3333:
3293:
3261:
3229:
3138:
2933:
2886:
2796:
2701:
2666:
2311:
2286:
2261:
2210:
2185:
2143:
2132:
2111:
2017:
1990:
1933:
1929:
1915:
manufacture, as an additive in carpet fresheners, and as an additive to cattle feed.
1883:
1747:
1661:
1657:
1611:
1455:
1229:
1193:
1021:
976:
962:
933:
831:
803:
754:
610:
1362:
were the world's main producers of natural sodium sulfate (each around 500,000
932:
chemical product. It is mainly used as a filler in the manufacture of powdered home
5742:
5673:
5458:
5263:
5240:
5115:
5030:
4991:
4889:
4868:
4848:
4791:
4275:
4093:
4077:
3985:
3973:
3944:
3856:
3600:
3341:
3205:
3197:
3154:
3059:
3000:
2962:
2860:
2693:
2658:
2400:. Zurich: Chemical Economic Handbook SRI Consulting. pp. 771.1000A–771.1002J.
2359:
2331:
2236:
2009:
1978:
1967:
Zeitschrift für
Kristallographie, Kristallgeometrie, Kristallphysik, Kristallchemie
1696:
1536:
1467:
1442:, a calcium sodium sulfate mineral. Both minerals are less common than mirabilite.
1322:
1197:
1133:
1123:
1025:
823:
807:
656:
646:
583:
516:
428:
1699:. The anhydrous form is easily produced from the hydrated form by gentle warming.
1575:). This method is also a regularly applied and convenient laboratory preparation.
271:
5516:
5439:
5415:
5285:
5218:
5076:
5046:
5020:
4983:
4961:
4778:
4689:
4555:
4373:
4328:
4315:
4284:
4053:
3900:
3537:
3525:
3321:
3309:
3101:
3093:
3068:
3014:
2986:
2950:
2909:
2894:
2881:
2037:
1905:
1851:
1819:
1815:
1665:
1459:
1424:
1398:
1394:
1119:
1033:
811:
799:
780:
562:
6182:
5807:
5535:
5503:
5477:
5396:
4736:
4405:
4364:
4297:
4105:
4021:
3868:
3814:
3773:
3755:
3372:
3364:
3173:
3130:
3122:
3034:
2972:
2925:
2899:
2169:
1803:
1771:
1471:
1086:
1020:
In the 18th century, Glauber's salt began to be used as a raw material for the
856:
827:
2285:. Vol. II (new impression ed.). London: Longmans. pp. 656–673.
1982:
1535:
The second major production of sodium sulfate are the processes where surplus
6294:
4747:
4713:
4664:
4504:
3956:
3146:
2904:
2082:
2013:
1901:
1759:
1673:
1463:
1438:. It slowly turns to mirabilite in damp air. Sodium sulfate is also found as
1371:
1326:
1314:
1003:(1604–1670), who discovered it in Austrian spring water in 1625. He named it
937:
505:
493:
250:
223:
5210:
4491:
4267:
3051:
3043:
2941:
2662:
2241:
2214:
2206:
1787:
1351:
1217:
651:
641:
616:
2705:
2670:
1013:, until more sophisticated alternatives came about in the 1900s. However,
731:
4729:
3620:
2192:
2163:
1894:
1681:
1282:
1174:
1166:
989:
744:
464:
2363:
2335:
1431:, Sichuan, China), and Kuchuksulphat JSC (Altai Krai, Siberia, Russia).
717:
4572:
2600:"Phase-Change Materials for Low-Temperature Solar Thermal Applications"
2569:"Phase-Change Materials for Low-Temperature Solar Thermal Applications"
1878:
In the laboratory, anhydrous sodium sulfate is widely used as an inert
1669:
1606:
In the laboratory it can also be synthesized from the reaction between
1439:
1435:
1385:(California, US), Airborne Industrial Minerals (Saskatchewan, Canada),
1347:
1233:
997:
988:
The decahydrate of sodium sulfate is known as
Glauber's salt after the
972:
958:
724:
621:
543:
447:
203:
95:
83:
2283:
Mellor's
Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry
1897:(acetaminophen) from the body; thus it can be used after an overdose.
2258:
Sodium sulfate: handbook of deposits, processing, properties, and use
2139:
1879:
1830:
Sodium sulfate is used as a diluent for food colours. It is known as
1763:
1381:
Major producers of 200,000 to 1,500,000 tonnes/year in 2006 included
1318:
1221:
1130:
929:
1434:
Anhydrous sodium sulfate occurs in arid environments as the mineral
1288:
855:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
2829:
1890:
1831:
1010:
690:
554:
242:
4632:
2110:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 11–16.
2042:
Water which does not wet hands: The Alchemy of Michael Sendivogius
151:
4948:
4634:
2635:
1900:
In 1953, sodium sulfate was proposed for heat storage in passive
1799:
1567:) (as historically applied on a large scale in the production of
1544:
1428:
993:
945:
941:
921:
725:
549:
481:
258:
46:
37:
1478:. The resulting sodium sulfate from these processes is known as
1454:
The most important chemical sodium sulfate production is during
2784:. James T Baker. 2006. Archived from the original on 2003-06-19
1912:
1685:
1677:
1375:
1367:
1355:
1049:
183:
2475:(Eighth ed.). London: Roskill Information Services. 1999.
3699:
2632:
Vogel's Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry 1 Preparations
1783:
1767:
1568:
1363:
1359:
1082:
925:
558:
282:
163:
141:
1893:. It is effective for the removal of certain drugs, such as
332:
2629:
1911:
Other uses for sodium sulfate include de-frosting windows,
1692:
1170:
1053:
471:
1602: ΔH = -112.5 kJ (highly exothermic)
389:
InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
382:
InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
372:
InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
1045:
793:
774:
1953:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-sulfate
510:
1,429 °C (2,604 °F; 1,702 K) (anhydrous)
1412:(Shanxi, China), Sichuan Province Chuanmei Mirabilite (
2393:
2308:
Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal Organic Compounds
1228:
has been used as the basis of a method for producing
1129:
Sodium sulfate reacts with sulfuric acid to give the
1044:
Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded
498:
884 °C (1,623 °F; 1,157 K) (anhydrous)
243:
2489:. London: Chem Systems International. November 1984.
2347:
1165:
Sodium sulfate displays a moderate tendency to form
957:
Anhydrous sodium sulfate, known as the rare mineral
2630:Vogel, Arthur I.; B.V. Smith; N.M. Waldron (1980).
2184:
2131:
1964:
1798:Sodium sulfate is important in the manufacture of
1309:Crystals of the decahydrate consist of ions with
2683:
2504:. Vol. v22 (4th ed.). pp. 403–411.
1397:, Sichuan, China), Hongze Yinzhu Chemical Group (
971:Decahydrate sodium sulfate, known as the mineral
6292:
2648:
2108:A History of the International Chemical Industry
1850:For cooling applications, a mixture with common
1350:, for example as found in lake beds in southern
270:
2540:"Sodium sulfate (WHO Food Additives Series 44)"
2502:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
2305:
2003:
1085:. At high temperatures, it can be converted to
706:
126:
119:
2006:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1889:Glauber's salt, the decahydrate, is used as a
968:Heptahydrate sodium sulfate, a very rare form.
4618:
2845:
2642:
2205:
2686:Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
2677:
2095:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2044:. London–Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences.
2493:
2341:
2249:
2004:Helmold Plessen (2000). "Sodium Sulfates".
1873:
1004:
4625:
4611:
2852:
2838:
2534:
2532:
2467:
2465:
2394:Suresh, Bala; Kazuteru Yokose (May 2006).
2274:
2199:
347:
233:
211:
2518:Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists
2240:
2182:
1081:Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most
313:
306:
2351:Journal of the American Chemical Society
2168:(7th ed.). Rahway, New Jersey, US:
2105:
2081:
2054:
1723:
1710:
1317:. The Na–O distances are about 240
1287:
1173:formed with common trivalent metals are
454:322.20 g/mol (decahydrate)
2529:
2479:
2462:
2441:"Statistical compendium Sodium sulfate"
2435:
2433:
2431:
2255:
2099:
1737:
1184:(unstable above 39 °C) and NaCr(SO
343:
6293:
4678:
2718:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2306:Linke, W. F.; A. Seidell (1965).
2280:
2138:(71st ed.). Ann Arbor, Michigan:
2048:
2036:
1275:
1216:which occurs naturally as the mineral
1039:
224:
5867:
4606:
2833:
2824:densities, molarities, and molalities
2623:
2514:
2499:
2030:
979:. It is also known as Glauber's salt.
392:Key: PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
375:Key: PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
191:
171:
2859:
2774:
2428:
2215:"The Crystal Structure of the Alums"
2156:
1445:
655:
645:
2759:. Thermaltake Technology Co., Ltd.
2698:10.1146/annurev.pa.23.040183.000511
2370:
1224:by reaction of sodium sulfate with
261:
13:
2220:Proceedings of the Royal Society A
2124:
1341:
1118:This reaction was employed in the
702:
45:
36:
14:
6337:
2812:
2134:Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
16:Chemical compound with formula Na
2525:from the original on 2016-08-07.
2473:The economics of sodium sulphate
2404:from the original on 2007-03-14.
2074:
2063:from the original on 2011-11-18.
1825:
1236:. Other double salts include 3Na
1122:, a defunct industrial route to
863:
2782:"MSDS Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous"
2763:from the original on 2016-03-12
2749:
2712:
2612:from the original on 2015-09-24
2592:
2581:from the original on 2015-09-24
2561:
2550:from the original on 2007-09-04
2508:
2451:from the original on 2007-03-07
2324:
2299:
2281:Mellor, Joseph William (1961).
2176:
1975:Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft
1841:
1706:
859:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
2447:, Minerals Information. 1997.
2310:(4th ed.). Van Nostrand.
2067:
1997:
1958:
1945:
1777:
1753:
1403:Nafine Chemical Industry Group
672:Occupational safety and health
488:1.464 g/cm (decahydrate)
1:
2260:. San Diego: Academic Press.
2187:The Chemistry of the Elements
2055:Westfall, Richard S. (1995).
1939:
1332:
1311:octahedral molecular geometry
928:, the decahydrate is a major
2487:The sodium sulphate business
1304:
1292:Temperature dependence of Na
1083:oxidizing or reducing agents
1028:), by reaction with potash (
961:, used as a drying agent in
530:42.7 g/100 mL (100 °C)
88:Glauber's salt (decahydrate)
7:
2638:Scientific & Technical.
2256:Garrett, Donald E. (2001).
1793:
1543:by sulfuric acid to obtain
944:for making highly alkaline
920:as well as several related
32:
10:
6342:
5869:
2183:Nechamkin, Howard (1968).
1818:, it does not corrode the
1814:). Unlike the alternative
983:
848:Sodium sulfate (data page)
4680:
4656:
4633:Compounds containing the
4266:
3585:
3357:
3166:
3081:
3027:
2918:
2874:
2867:
2826:of aqueous sodium sulfate
2801:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2544:World Health Organization
1983:10.1524/zkri.1932.81.1.92
1922:
853:
846:
841:
766:
669:
664:
628:
603:
421:
401:
359:
251:(acidity regulators, ...)
103:
74:
64:
59:
31:
2634:(3rd ed.). London:
2057:"Glauber, Johann Rudolf"
2014:10.1002/14356007.a24_355
1955:. Accessed Nov. 2, 2020.
1874:Small-scale applications
1458:production, either from
1024:production of soda ash (
951:
842:Supplementary data page
452:142.04 g/mol (anhydrous)
2106:Aftalion, Fred (1991).
2092:Encyclopædia Britannica
2059:. The Galileo Project.
2008:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
1870:slightly to 286 kJ/kg.
1762:for the manufacture of
1383:Searles Valley Minerals
571:Magnetic susceptibility
500:32.38 °C (decahydrate)
462:white crystalline solid
6326:Photographic chemicals
2719:Telkes, Maria (1953).
2663:10.1002/jps.2600700330
2242:10.1098/rspa.1935.0040
1734:
1721:
1301:
1091:carbothermal reduction
1005:
713:
577:−52.0·10 cm/mol
486:2.664 g/cm (anhydrous)
50:
41:
6311:Alchemical substances
2757:"IXoft Specification"
1770:of sodium sulfate to
1732:
1719:
1291:
1001:Johann Rudolf Glauber
712:
528:28.1 g/100 mL (25 °C)
98:(decahydrate mineral)
49:
40:
2515:Smook, Gary (2002).
2445:US Geological Survey
2443:. Reston, Virginia:
1908:(78.2 kJ/mol).
1810:(DDL) elaborated by
1808:diffuse double layer
1738:Commodity industries
1573:copper(II) hydroxide
695:(fire diamond)
599:1.394 (decahydrate)
538:44 g/100 mL (20 °C)
536:19.5 g/100 mL (0 °C)
526:4.76 g/100 mL (0 °C)
2364:10.1021/ja01542a003
2336:10.1021/ja01465a019
2233:1935RSPSA.148..664L
1616:magnesium carbonate
1614:, by precipitating
1401:, Jiangsu, China),
1300:solubility in water
1276:Physical properties
1040:Chemical properties
1030:potassium carbonate
517:Solubility in water
131: (decahydrate)
86:(anhydrous mineral)
28:
6321:E-number additives
2500:Butts, D. (1997).
1973:(1–6). Wiesbaden:
1748:laundry detergents
1735:
1722:
1608:sodium bicarbonate
1523:O → 4 HCl + 2 Na
1476:Hargreaves process
1302:
1226:potassium chloride
934:laundry detergents
910:inorganic compound
886:Infobox references
836:Sodium pyrosulfate
767:Related compounds
714:
318: (decahydrate
51:
42:
26:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6281:
4600:
4599:
4262:
4261:
2317:978-0-8412-0097-5
2292:978-0-582-46277-9
2267:978-0-12-276151-5
2117:978-0-8122-1297-6
1884:magnesium sulfate
1746:in powdered home
1730:
1717:
1697:organic compounds
1662:lithium carbonate
1658:sodium dichromate
1612:magnesium sulfate
1456:hydrochloric acid
1446:Chemical industry
1230:potassium sulfate
1194:potassium sulfate
1192:, in contrast to
977:chemical industry
975:, widely used by
963:organic synthesis
894:Chemical compound
892:
891:
832:Sodium persulfate
819:Related compounds
804:Potassium sulfate
755:Safety data sheet
611:Crystal structure
597:1.468 (anhydrous)
328:CompTox Dashboard
153:Interactive image
81:Sulfate of sodium
55:
54:
6333:
6301:Sodium compounds
4959:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4839:
4822:
4805:
4769:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4727:
4709:
4699:
4674:
4660:
4659:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4604:
4603:
3670:
3656:
3646:
3358:Oxypnictogenides
3167:Oxychalcogenides
2872:
2871:
2861:Sodium compounds
2854:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2820:surface tensions
2807:
2806:
2800:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2437:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2405:
2391:
2368:
2367:
2358:(9): 2042–2044.
2345:
2339:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2137:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2038:Szydlo, Zbigniew
2034:
2028:
2027:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1962:
1956:
1949:
1812:Gouy and Chapman
1731:
1718:
1666:chelating agents
1652:
1601:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1537:sodium hydroxide
1531:
1506:
1468:Mannheim process
1422:
1411:
1323:residual entropy
1198:ammonium sulfate
1161:
1134:sodium bisulfate
1124:sodium carbonate
1114:
1077:
1073:→ 2 NaCl + BaSO
1026:sodium carbonate
1008:
876:
870:
867:
866:
824:Sodium bisulfate
808:Rubidium sulfate
785:Sodium tellurate
734:
727:
720:
705:
659:
649:
584:Refractive index
429:Chemical formula
352:
351:
336:
334:
317:
310:
274:
263:
245:
237:
226:
215:
195:
175:
155:
130:
123:
79:Disodium sulfate
33:
29:
25:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6284:
6283:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6214:
6210:
6202:
6198:
6190:
6186:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6149:
6145:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5991:
5989:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5917:
5913:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5811:
5792:
5788:
5783:
5781:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5757:
5753:
5748:
5746:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5711:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5679:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5640:
5638:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5606:
5604:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5576:
5572:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5539:
5531:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5507:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5454:
5450:
5445:
5443:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5419:
5411:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5392:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5368:
5364:
5352:
5348:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5309:
5305:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5260:
5244:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5214:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5190:
5188:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5144:
5142:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5111:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5088:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5060:
5058:
5050:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5024:
5016:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4987:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4901:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4864:
4860:
4852:
4847:
4845:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4652:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4631:
4601:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4550:
4546:
4537:
4533:
4525:
4521:
4512:
4508:
4499:
4495:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4368:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4323:
4319:
4310:
4306:
4292:
4288:
4279:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4197:
4193:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4165:
4161:
4153:
4149:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4125:
4121:
4113:
4109:
4101:
4097:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4057:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4005:
4001:
3993:
3989:
3981:
3977:
3969:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3823:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3782:
3769:
3751:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3686:
3678:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3565:
3557:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3533:
3529:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3440:
3436:
3428:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3325:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3189:
3181:
3177:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3113:
3105:
3097:
3077:
3072:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3038:
3023:
3018:
3004:
2990:
2976:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2914:
2890:
2863:
2858:
2815:
2810:
2794:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2717:
2713:
2682:
2678:
2647:
2643:
2628:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2521:. p. 143.
2513:
2509:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2439:
2438:
2429:
2417:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2392:
2371:
2346:
2342:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2254:
2250:
2227:(865): 664–80.
2204:
2200:
2181:
2177:
2170:Merck & Co.
2165:The Merck Index
2162:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2104:
2100:
2085:, ed. (1911). "
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2053:
2049:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2002:
1998:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1925:
1906:crystallisation
1876:
1866:O, is actually
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:sodium chloride
1844:
1828:
1820:stainless steel
1816:sodium chloride
1796:
1780:
1756:
1740:
1724:
1711:
1709:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1566:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1460:sodium chloride
1448:
1425:Dongpo District
1416:
1405:
1399:Hongze District
1395:Tianquan County
1391:Grupo Crimidesa
1387:Química del Rey
1344:
1342:Natural sources
1335:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1220:. Formation of
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1120:Leblanc process
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1042:
1034:Leblanc process
986:
954:
919:
915:
912:with formula Na
906:sulfate of soda
902:sodium sulphate
900:(also known as
895:
888:
883:
882:
881: ?)
872:
868:
864:
860:
834:
830:
826:
820:
812:Caesium sulfate
810:
806:
802:
800:Lithium sulfate
796:
783:
781:Sodium selenate
777:
739:
738:
737:
736:
729:
722:
715:
711:
703:
682:
638:
620:
613:
598:
594:
592:
574:
563:hydrogen iodide
552:
537:
535:
531:
529:
527:
525:
519:
499:
487:
463:
453:
441:
437:
431:
417:
414:
409:
408:
397:
394:
393:
390:
384:
383:
377:
376:
373:
367:
366:
355:
337:
330:
321:
293:
277:
264:
218:
198:
178:
158:
145:
134:
113:
99:
94:
89:
87:
82:
80:
78:
77:Sodium sulphate
70:
27:Sodium sulfate
24:
23:
19:
12:
11:
5:
6339:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6177:
6173:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5522:
5518:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5258:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5197:
5193:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5007:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4963:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4880:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4843:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4762:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4607:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2814:
2813:External links
2811:
2809:
2808:
2773:
2748:
2711:
2676:
2641:
2622:
2591:
2560:
2528:
2507:
2492:
2478:
2461:
2427:
2397:Sodium sulfate
2369:
2340:
2323:
2316:
2298:
2291:
2273:
2266:
2248:
2211:Beevers, C. A.
2198:
2175:
2155:
2148:
2123:
2116:
2098:
2087:Glauber's Salt
2083:Chisholm, Hugh
2066:
2047:
2029:
2023:978-3527306732
2022:
1996:
1957:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1924:
1921:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1843:
1840:
1827:
1824:
1804:ionic strength
1795:
1792:
1779:
1776:
1772:sodium sulfide
1755:
1752:
1739:
1736:
1708:
1705:
1695:compounds and
1654:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:2 NaOH(aq) + H
1564:
1561:copper sulfate
1533:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1472:sulfur dioxide
1447:
1444:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1315:hydrogen bonds
1306:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1087:sodium sulfide
1079:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1041:
1038:
985:
982:
981:
980:
969:
966:
953:
950:
917:
913:
898:Sodium sulfate
893:
890:
889:
884:
862:
861:
857:standard state
854:
851:
850:
844:
843:
839:
838:
828:Sodium sulfite
821:
818:
815:
814:
797:
791:
788:
787:
778:
772:
769:
768:
764:
763:
758:
751:
750:
749:Non-flammable
747:
741:
740:
730:
723:
716:
701:
700:
699:
698:
696:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
676:
667:
666:
662:
661:
639:
634:
631:
630:
626:
625:
624:(decahydrate)
614:
609:
606:
605:
601:
600:
595:
590:
582:
579:
578:
575:
569:
566:
565:
546:
540:
539:
520:
515:
512:
511:
508:
502:
501:
496:
490:
489:
484:
478:
477:
474:
468:
467:
460:
456:
455:
450:
444:
443:
439:
435:
432:
427:
424:
423:
419:
418:
416:
415:
412:
404:
403:
402:
399:
398:
396:
395:
391:
388:
387:
385:
381:
380:
378:
374:
371:
370:
362:
361:
360:
357:
356:
354:
353:
340:
338:
326:
323:
322:
320:
319:
311:
303:
301:
295:
294:
292:
291:
287:
285:
279:
278:
276:
275:
267:
265:
257:
254:
253:
247:
239:
238:
228:
220:
219:
217:
216:
208:
206:
200:
199:
197:
196:
188:
186:
180:
179:
177:
176:
168:
166:
160:
159:
157:
156:
148:
146:
139:
136:
135:
133:
132:
124:
116:
114:
109:
106:
105:
101:
100:
76:
72:
71:
69:Sodium sulfate
68:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
52:
43:
21:
17:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6338:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6277:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6233:
6231:
6217:
6215:
6205:
6203:
6193:
6191:
6180:
6169:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6140:
6138:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6103:
6101:
6087:
6085:
6071:
6069:
6055:
6053:
6039:
6037:
6023:
6021:
6007:
6005:
5990:
5984:
5982:
5968:
5966:
5952:
5950:
5936:
5934:
5920:
5918:
5907:
5893:
5891:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5782:
5776:
5774:
5760:
5758:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5724:
5714:
5712:
5705:
5695:
5693:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5656:
5654:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5620:
5605:
5599:
5597:
5579:
5577:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5534:
5532:
5525:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5508:
5501:
5490:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5457:
5455:
5444:
5438:
5436:
5422:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5405:
5395:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5371:
5369:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5342:
5332:
5330:
5312:
5310:
5300:
5298:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5274:
5272:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5217:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5200:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5166:
5160:
5158:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5104:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5074:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5045:
5043:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5010:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4981:
4970:
4958:
4946:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4918:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4887:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4855:
4853:
4846:
4838:
4821:
4804:
4789:
4787:
4776:
4757:
4743:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4711:
4708:
4701:
4698:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4662:
4661:
4655:
4636:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4593:
4571:
4569:
4554:
4552:
4541:
4539:
4528:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4503:
4501:
4490:
4488:
4473:
4471:
4457:
4455:
4441:
4439:
4432:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4404:
4402:
4388:
4386:
4372:
4370:
4363:
4361:
4347:
4345:
4327:
4325:
4314:
4312:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4283:
4281:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4255:
4245:
4243:
4229:
4227:
4212:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4188:
4186:
4168:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4144:
4142:
4128:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4104:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4076:
4074:
4064:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4036:
4034:
4020:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3955:
3953:
3943:
3941:
3927:
3925:
3911:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3883:
3881:
3867:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3730:
3728:
3714:
3712:
3698:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3659:
3657:
3649:
3647:
3639:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3560:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3524:
3522:
3504:
3502:
3488:
3486:
3472:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3444:
3442:
3431:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3292:
3290:
3276:
3274:
3260:
3258:
3244:
3242:
3228:
3226:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3067:
3065:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:Pnictogenides
3026:
3020:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:Chalcogenides
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2825:
2821:
2818:Calculators:
2817:
2816:
2804:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2744:
2732:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2608:
2605:. p. 8.
2601:
2595:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2496:
2488:
2482:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2423:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:Lipson, Henry
2202:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2149:9780849304712
2145:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1934:Safety Phrase
1931:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1902:solar heating
1898:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1853:
1848:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1826:Food industry
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:Kraft process
1751:
1749:
1745:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:ascorbic acid
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1511:4 NaCl + 2 SO
1508:
1498:→ 2 HCl + Na
1487:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:sulfuric acid
1461:
1457:
1452:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1372:United States
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1327:absolute zero
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1273:
1263:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1199:
1195:
1183:
1172:
1168:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1006:sal mirabilis
1002:
999:
995:
991:
978:
974:
970:
967:
964:
960:
956:
955:
949:
947:
943:
939:
938:Kraft process
935:
931:
927:
923:
911:
907:
903:
899:
887:
880:
875:
858:
852:
849:
845:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
822:
817:
816:
813:
809:
805:
801:
798:
795:
790:
789:
786:
782:
779:
776:
771:
770:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
752:
748:
746:
743:
742:
735:
728:
721:
697:
694:
693:
689:
688:
684:
679:
678:
674:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
640:
637:
633:
632:
629:Pharmacology
627:
623:
618:
615:
612:
608:
607:
602:
596:
589:
585:
581:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
564:
560:
556:
551:
548:insoluble in
547:
545:
542:
541:
534:
533:heptahydrate:
524:
521:
518:
514:
513:
509:
507:
506:Boiling point
504:
503:
497:
495:
494:Melting point
492:
491:
485:
483:
480:
479:
475:
473:
470:
469:
466:
461:
458:
457:
451:
449:
446:
445:
433:
430:
426:
425:
420:
411:
410:
407:
400:
386:
379:
369:
368:
365:
358:
350:
346:
345:DTXSID1021291
342:
341:
339:
329:
325:
324:
316:
312:
309:
305:
304:
302:
300:
297:
296:
289:
288:
286:
284:
281:
280:
273:
269:
268:
266:
260:
256:
255:
252:
248:
246:
241:
240:
236:
232:
229:
227:
225:ECHA InfoCard
222:
221:
214:
210:
209:
207:
205:
202:
201:
194:
190:
189:
187:
185:
182:
181:
174:
170:
169:
167:
165:
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
147:
143:
138:
137:
129:
125:
122:
118:
117:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
97:
93:(decahydrate)
92:
91:Sal mirabilis
85:
73:
67:
63:
58:
48:
44:
39:
35:
34:
30:
4878:
3185:
2786:. Retrieved
2776:
2765:. Retrieved
2751:
2721:
2714:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2657:(3): 331–3.
2654:
2650:
2644:
2631:
2625:
2614:. Retrieved
2594:
2583:. Retrieved
2563:
2552:. Retrieved
2517:
2510:
2501:
2495:
2486:
2481:
2472:
2453:. Retrieved
2396:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2326:
2307:
2301:
2282:
2276:
2257:
2251:
2224:
2218:
2201:
2191:. New York:
2186:
2178:
2164:
2158:
2133:
2126:
2107:
2101:
2090:
2069:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2005:
1999:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1947:
1926:
1917:
1910:
1899:
1888:
1880:drying agent
1877:
1867:
1849:
1845:
1842:Heat storage
1835:
1829:
1797:
1788:fining agent
1781:
1757:
1741:
1707:Applications
1701:
1690:
1655:
1605:
1534:
1509:Hargreaves:
1480:
1479:
1453:
1449:
1433:
1380:
1352:Saskatchewan
1345:
1336:
1325:(entropy at
1308:
1279:
1264:) and NaF·Na
1218:aphthitalite
1167:double salts
1164:
1128:
1117:
1106:+ 2 C → Na
1080:
1043:
1019:
996:chemist and
987:
905:
901:
897:
896:
691:
681:Main hazards
670:
617:orthorhombic
587:
532:
522:
283:RTECS number
193:ChEMBL233406
104:Identifiers
90:
75:Other names
2739:|work=
2651:J Pharm Sci
2418:|work=
2193:McGraw-Hill
1930:Risk Phrase
1895:paracetamol
1778:Glassmaking
1754:Papermaking
1682:nitric acid
1588:(aq) → Na
1559:) by using
1541:neutralised
1462:(salt) and
1451:declining.
1417: [
1406: [
1354:. In 1990,
1283:calibration
1262:vanthoffite
1169:. The only
936:and in the
745:Flash point
675:(OHS/OSH):
619:(anhydrous)
553:soluble in
465:hygroscopic
459:Appearance
422:Properties
413:..S()(=O)=O
231:100.028.928
173:CHEBI:32149
6316:Desiccants
6295:Categories
3082:Oxyhalides
2788:2007-04-21
2767:2015-08-15
2692:: 87–101.
2616:2014-06-19
2585:2014-06-19
2554:2007-06-06
2455:2007-04-22
1977:: 92–101.
1940:References
1680:pigments,
1670:resorcinol
1596:(aq) + 2 H
1490:2 NaCl + H
1488:Mannheim:
1470:, or from
1440:glauberite
1436:thenardite
1348:mirabilite
1333:Production
1234:fertiliser
1157:⇌ 2 NaHSO
1022:industrial
1015:J. Kunckel
998:apothecary
973:mirabilite
959:thenardite
622:monoclinic
604:Structure
544:Solubility
523:anhydrous:
448:Molar mass
315:0YPR65R21J
308:36KCS0R750
204:ChemSpider
140:3D model (
111:CAS Number
96:Mirabilite
84:Thenardite
66:IUPAC name
2868:Inorganic
2741:ignored (
2731:cite book
2420:ignored (
2410:cite book
2140:CRC Press
1991:102107891
1936:applies.
1868:increased
1834:additive
1768:reduction
1764:wood pulp
1571:by using
1481:salt cake
1466:, in the
1305:Structure
1222:glaserite
1131:acid salt
940:of paper
930:commodity
908:) is the
761:ICSC 0952
685:Irritant
476:odorless
290:WE1650000
128:7727-73-3
121:7757-82-6
6306:Sulfates
2797:cite web
2761:Archived
2607:Archived
2576:Archived
2548:Archived
2546:. 2000.
2523:Archived
2449:Archived
2402:Archived
2213:(1935).
2142:. 1990.
2061:Archived
2040:(1994).
1891:laxative
1832:E number
1800:textiles
1794:Textiles
1366:), with
1110:S + 2 CO
1011:laxative
946:sulfides
922:hydrates
692:NFPA 704
665:Hazards
636:ATC code
573:(χ)
555:glycerol
249:E514(i)
244:E number
5870:
4637:group (
4635:sulfate
4268:Organic
3621:NaAl(SO
2875:Halides
2706:6347057
2671:7264905
2636:Longman
2229:Bibcode
1623:2 NaHCO
1545:sulfate
1474:in the
1429:Meishan
1175:NaAl(SO
1056:salts:
984:History
942:pulping
879:what is
877: (
794:cations
654: (
652:A12CA02
650:)
644: (
642:A06AD13
550:ethanol
482:Density
442:
259:PubChem
5334:MoO(SO
4809:[N
4744:esters
4398:(OH)CO
4298:HCOONa
4218:[Co(NO
4162:Fe(CN)
4150:Fe(CN)
4110:Zn(OH)
3799:NaHXeO
3633:NaAuCl
3586:Others
3334:NaHSeO
2822:, and
2704:
2669:
2314:
2289:
2264:
2146:
2114:
2079:
2020:
1989:
1923:Safety
1913:starch
1744:filler
1686:phenol
1684:, and
1678:silica
1639:+ MgCO
1627:+ MgSO
1376:Canada
1374:, and
1368:Russia
1364:tonnes
1356:Mexico
1069:+ BaCl
994:German
926:tonnes
874:verify
871:
792:Other
775:anions
773:Other
757:(SDS)
561:, and
406:SMILES
184:ChEMBL
60:Names
6207:Pu(SO
6195:Np(SO
6142:Th(SO
5910:Ce(SO
5785:Po(SO
5750:Pb(SO
5623:Os(SO
5569:WO(SO
5528:CsHSO
5447:Sn(SO
5361:Ru(SO
5302:Zr(SO
5257:RbHSO
5047:TiOSO
4929:(OAc)
4890:NaHSO
4842:NOHSO
4551:COONa
4538:COONa
4451:AlNaO
4324:COONa
4311:COONa
4231:NaNSi
4226:]
3841:NaTcO
3833:NaTcO
3828:NaSCN
3820:NaReO
3815:NaOCN
3807:NaMnO
3779:NaHCO
3766:NaCoO
3761:NaCNO
3748:NaBiO
3652:NaAsF
3642:NaSbF
3601:NaAlO
3593:NaAlH
3574:NaSbO
3206:NaHSO
3198:NaHSO
3139:NaBrO
3131:NaBrO
3123:NaBrO
3118:NaBrO
3110:NaClO
3102:NaClO
3094:NaClO
3089:NaClO
3010:NaHTe
2996:NaSeH
2610:(PDF)
2603:(PDF)
2579:(PDF)
2572:(PDF)
2172:1960.
1987:S2CID
1784:glass
1631:→ Na
1569:rayon
1563:(CuSO
1519:+ 2 H
1421:]
1410:]
1360:Spain
1256:·MgSO
1248:, 3Na
1244:·CaSO
1171:alums
1046:ionic
990:Dutch
952:Forms
559:water
364:InChI
272:24436
213:22844
164:ChEBI
142:JSmol
6172:U(SO
5986:EuSO
5808:RaSO
5778:PoSO
5743:PbSO
5708:HgSO
5674:AuSO
5635:IrSO
5601:OsSO
5536:BaSO
5493:(IO)
5440:SnSO
5416:CdSO
5408:AgSO
5389:PdSO
5276:SrSO
5241:+SeO
5211:ZnSO
5185:CuSO
5162:NiSO
5139:CoSO
5116:FeSO
5108:MnSO
5085:CrSO
5077:VOSO
5021:CaSO
5013:KHSO
4973:(HSO
4898:MgSO
4817:]HSO
4761:(RO)
4748:ROSO
4704:BeSO
4365:NaCH
4251:PdCl
4174:Fe(C
4026:O(UO
4014:PtCl
4002:IrCl
3849:NaVO
3756:NaCN
3692:NaBO
3687:(CN)
3683:NaBH
3675:NaBH
3554:HAsO
3409:NaPO
3373:NaNO
3365:NaNO
3155:NaIO
3147:NaIO
3052:NaNH
2982:NaSH
2968:NaOD
2963:NaOH
2910:NaAt
2900:NaBr
2895:NaCl
2887:NaHF
2803:link
2743:help
2702:PMID
2667:PMID
2422:help
2312:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1862:·10H
1836:E514
1782:The
1693:iron
1643:+ CO
1610:and
1600:O(l)
1358:and
1232:, a
1196:and
472:Odor
299:UNII
6278:No
6275:Md
6272:Fm
6269:Es
6258:(SO
6250:Bk
6239:(SO
6223:(SO
6161:(SO
6153:Pa
6130:(SO
6122:**
6109:(SO
6093:(SO
6077:(SO
6061:(SO
6045:(SO
6029:(SO
6013:(SO
5997:(SO
5974:(SO
5958:(SO
5942:(SO
5926:(SO
5899:(SO
5883:(SO
5863:Og
5860:Ts
5857:Lv
5854:Mc
5851:Fl
5848:Nh
5845:Cn
5842:Rg
5839:Ds
5836:Mt
5833:Hs
5830:Bh
5827:Sg
5824:Db
5821:Rf
5818:Lr
5815:**
5804:Fr
5799:Rn
5796:At
5766:(SO
5731:(SO
5685:(SO
5662:(SO
5646:(SO
5612:(SO
5589:(SO
5565:Ta
5562:Hf
5551:(SO
5511:Xe
5504:+IO
5482:(SO
5474:Te
5463:(SO
5428:(SO
5377:(SO
5357:Tc
5349:(SO
5345:MoO
5322:(SO
5290:(SO
5251:Kr
5248:Br
5237:As
5234:Ge
5223:(SO
5173:(SO
5150:(SO
5127:(SO
5096:(SO
5066:(SO
5055:VSO
5035:(SO
4996:Ar
4992:+Cl
4984:+SO
4966:HSO
4962:HSO
4940:+PO
4936:Si
4910:(SO
4873:Ne
4861:OSO
4849:+NO
4830:OH)
4826:(NH
4792:(NH
4772:+CO
4737:+BO
4730:-BO
4683:He
4579:256
4575:164
4518:NaC
4459:NaC
4438:NO]
4422:NaC
4406:NaC
4390:NaC
4374:NaC
4369:COO
4357:NaO
4293:ONa
4280:ONa
4235:(CH
4206:SiF
4194:SiO
4070:TiO
4058:SiO
3990:MoO
3978:MnO
3949:GeO
3905:CrO
3791:XeO
3774:NaH
3666:TiF
3613:AlF
3566:AsO
3562:NaH
3542:AsO
3530:AsO
3425:HPO
3397:NaH
3346:TeO
3326:SeO
3314:SeO
3044:NaN
2934:NaO
2926:NaO
2905:NaI
2882:NaF
2694:doi
2659:doi
2360:doi
2332:doi
2237:doi
2225:148
2089:".
2010:doi
1979:doi
1932:or
1647:+ H
1539:is
1515:+ O
1414:万胜镇
1208:·3K
1149:+ H
1089:by
1052:or
904:or
657:WHO
647:WHO
333:EPA
262:CID
6297::
6254:Cf
6235:Cm
6219:Am
6187:SO
6183:UO
6126:Ac
6105:Yb
6089:Tm
6073:Er
6057:Ho
6041:Dy
6025:Tb
6009:Gd
5993:Eu
5970:Sm
5954:Pm
5938:Nd
5922:Pr
5895:Ce
5879:La
5875:*
5762:Bi
5727:Tl
5720:SO
5716:Tl
5701:SO
5697:Hg
5681:Au
5658:Pt
5642:Ir
5608:Os
5581:Re
5547:Lu
5543:*
5521:SO
5517:Cs
5497:SO
5459:Sb
5424:In
5401:SO
5397:Ag
5373:Rh
5314:Nb
5268:SO
5264:Rb
5219:Ga
5203:SO
5196:SO
5192:Cu
5169:Ni
5146:Co
5123:Fe
5092:Cr
5031:Sc
5006:SO
4952:2−
4949:SO
4925:SO
4921:Al
4906:Al
4883:SO
4879:Na
4869:+F
4834:SO
4800:SO
4779:+C
4765:SO
4694:SO
4690:Li
4669:SO
4643:2−
4640:SO
4589:Na
4583:68
4568:Na
4562:35
4558:18
4549:33
4545:17
4536:31
4532:15
4513:Na
4500:Na
4487:Na
4483:NO
4449:16
4434:Na
4424:10
4412:23
4408:12
4382:CO
4329:Na
4276:CH
4247:Na
4214:Na
4202:Na
4190:Na
4170:Na
4158:Na
4146:Na
4140:28
4136:10
4130:Na
4122:VO
4118:Na
4106:Na
4098:WO
4094:Na
4078:Na
4066:Na
4054:Na
4038:Na
4022:Na
4010:Na
3998:Na
3986:Na
3974:Na
3966:Na
3961:He
3957:Na
3945:Na
3939:10
3933:Cr
3929:Na
3917:Cr
3913:Na
3901:Na
3885:Na
3869:Na
3861:CO
3857:Na
3787:Na
3742:13
3732:Na
3716:Na
3700:Na
3662:Na
3609:Na
3550:Na
3538:Na
3526:Na
3506:Na
3490:Na
3484:10
3474:Na
3466:PO
3462:Na
3450:PS
3446:Na
3437:PO
3433:Na
3421:Na
3401:PO
3381:Na
3342:Na
3322:Na
3310:Na
3294:Na
3278:Na
3262:Na
3246:Na
3230:Na
3214:Na
3190:SO
3186:Na
3178:SO
3174:Na
3073:As
3069:Na
3060:Na
3035:Na
3019:Po
3015:Na
3005:Te
3001:Na
2991:Se
2987:Na
2973:Na
2951:Na
2942:Na
2799:}}
2795:{{
2735::
2733:}}
2729:{{
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2690:23
2688:.
2665:.
2655:70
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2408:{{
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2223:.
2217:.
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1985:.
1971:81
1969:.
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1838:.
1688:.
1676:,
1672:,
1668:,
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1618:.
1592:SO
1584:SO
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1502:SO
1494:SO
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1423:,
1419:zh
1408:zh
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1319:pm
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1272:.
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1252:SO
1240:SO
1212:SO
1204:SO
1153:SO
1145:SO
1141:Na
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1098:Na
1065:SO
1061:Na
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438:SO
434:Na
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5530:4
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5480:2
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5469:3
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5465:4
5461:2
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5430:4
5426:2
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5410:4
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5225:4
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5213:4
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5125:2
5118:4
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3188:2
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3037:3
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2975:2
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1100:2
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733:0
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