275:
353:
361:
287:
318:. Its main fortification hugs the northern slope of Monte Brasil, but includes 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) of redoubts, emplacements and garrisons around the flanks of the volcano, including the Fort of Zimbreiro, Fort of Santo António, Fort of São Diogo and Fort of Quebrada. Many of the road accesses to Pico do Facho, Pico das Cruzinhas and Pico do Zimbreiro, in addition to the caldera and coastal forts were opened during this period, giving access to most of the peninsula. On Pico do Facho, starting in this period and extending to the 20th century, was a house and
124:
117:
29:
520:). Migratory and marine birds are more common in the islands of the Azores, resulting in the identification of several species including approximately 37 nesting species on Monte Brasil annually (28 land and eight marine species). During the summer, and especially along the mount's southern coast there are large bands of nesting species of Cory's Shearwater (
267:. These chambers are not suitable for habitation but could be used as simple structures for Phoenician shrines. Such discovery would testify the presence of ancient cultures in Azores long before Portuguese. There are offered also other explanations, e.g. chambers were created in medieval times for the needs of military or agriculture.
456:
Due to great trans-Atlantic distances from the islands few natural mammals species exist on the islands of the Azores. Those animals that live on Monte Brasil, therefore were stowaways on ancient ships from Europe, introduced into the islands for game food or species that were blown out to sea: these
332:
At the beginning of the Second World War, structures were constructed on the summit of Monte Brasil to support coastal defences of the Azores, during a time when open warfare existed between the Allies and Axis. Buildings to garrison troops and munitions, including several artillery and anti-aircraft
270:
At the end of the 16th century (around 1590), Monte Brasil was occupied by an estate/farm owned by Manuel do Rego da
Silveira and several fortifications, including the Forts of São Benedito and Santo António (towards Angra) and the Fort of São Diogo (in the direction of the Bay of Fanal). The
228:
The formation of Monte Brasil was the result of various eruptions of the
Guilherme Moniz volcano, a large central volcano on the island of Terceira, this difficult to identify owing to subsequent eruptions and lava flows. Although this structure is eroded, there is considerable evidence of its
395:
cone resulting from a basaltic submarine eruption. The internal structure of this volcano, which is 205 metres (673 ft) in height above sea level (at Pico das
Cruzinhas), is marked by layers of basaltic pyroclasts of various thicknesses (between centimetres and metres thick) forming a
255:
An undated human presence on the mount includes artificial cavities located along the hill to provide shelter, but with little vestiges of formal use. Although those on Pico do
Zimbreiro are vacant, similar spaces on the roadways to the caldera and
308:"...what makes it very beautiful, the great high mount called Brasil, as I mentioned, it is all covered in pasture, some farming (which had been covered in trees)...encircled on all four sides, two small two large, this a caldera"
294:
From this point forward many of the rock deposits (boulders/rock) from the volcano's submarine eruptions were used in the construction of the forts and defences along the coast of the islands. Writing in his epic tome
384:. From its summit, on exceptionally clear days it is possible to view São Jorge and Pico, while towards the interior, apart from the various parishes that comprise the city of Angra, there are views of the
216:(named for the city) to its east, and the Bay of Fanal to its west, and was used as a defensive point during the history of Angra, resulting in the construction of various forts and redoubts, including the
453:). The introduction of new species on the island, the resulting deforestation of local areas for shelter and agriculture during settlement, meant that many endemic plants were overrun by exotic species.
322:
signalling post along with several military structures, including excavations in the ground (channels and rectangular depressions) representing complex installations associated with these activities.
260:
have bunks along the interior walls. Another grotto on the roadway that skirts the Fort of São Diogo indicates its use as place to collect and store water, including channels, taps and reservoir.
340:(on 20 April 2011), that included the classification of Monte Brasil for the protection of the marine environment. The Área Marinha Protegida de Gestão de Recursos do Monte Brasil (
274:
368:
With its imposing point over the city, there are several lookouts situated along its edges that provide panoramic views of the island, including: the Angra marina, the coasts of
271:
existence of reservoir and staircase, in addition to springs already identified in the 16th century cartography, reinforces the importance of Monte Brasil during this time.
510:
344:) was established to protect the biodiversity of the fauna and marine habitats that included areas of submerse and semi-submersed grottos that exist along the cliffs.
516:
486:
325:
In the 19th century, the area around the Fort of São Diogo was improved and remodelled in order to support the construction of military batteries, during the
352:
315:
217:
477:
723:
73:
356:
A view of Monte Brasil from the flanks of the Santa Bárbara volcano, showing the built-up urban sprawl of the city of Angra do Heroísmo
333:
emplacements were established to protect the city from assumed submarine/naval attacks on Pico das
Cruzinhas and Pico do Facho.
753:
116:
314:
Between the 16th and 17th century, the construction of a system of fortified structures that would be the nucleus of the
373:
708:
França, Z.; Cruz, J.V; Nunes, J.C.; Forjaz, Vitor Hugo (2003), "Geologia dos Açores: uma perspectiva actual",
282:
enters the Porto de Pipas in Angra Bay: this would have been a common sight during the 15th and 16th centuries
59:
791:
411:
The island's temperate climate and Monte Brasil's micro-climate allows the growth of a rich vegetation and
66:
360:
385:
290:
The monument marking
Portuguese occupation of the Azores during the Age of Discoveries on Monte Brasil
777:(in Portuguese), Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Secretária Regional da Agricultura e Florestas
286:
734:
Ocorrências
Patrimonais Localizados no Espigão, Grota do Medo e no Monte Brasil, Angra do Heroísmo
381:
621:"Terceira Island as a "megalithic station". Factual description of some archaeological materials"
337:
263:
Some specialists have speculated that these cavities have been created by ancient cultures, e.g.
336:
In order safeguard the dynamic ecosystem of the region, the regional government established the
471:
33:
A view of Monte Brasil and the city of Angra do Heroísmo along the southern coast of
Terceira
380:
in the east, and to the west from the Bay of Fanal, towards Villa Maria until the parish of
522:
449:
732:
209:
149:
8:
740:(in Portuguese), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal: Vice-Presidência do Governo dos Açores
241:
165:
54:
717:
498:
534:
443:
620:
492:
465:
364:
The peninsula and volcanic tuff of Monte Brasil, as seen from the southeast coast
300:
201:
712:(in Portuguese), vol. 10, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal, pp. 11–140
528:
421:
785:
504:
459:
431:
416:
397:
377:
88:
75:
761:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, No.78, Diário da República, p. 2355
755:
Decreto
Legislativo Regional nº.11/2011/A: Cria o Parque Natural da Terceira
326:
213:
175:
437:
412:
369:
28:
400:
248:
426:
319:
264:
251:
deposits, including the
Castelinho, that range to 23000 years of age.
197:
234:
153:
136:
Location of the peninsula of Monte Brasil off the coast of Terceira
391:
Geologically, Monte Brasil is a 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide,
193:
205:
44:
388:(the highest point on the island), near the Serra do Morião.
392:
190:
342:
Protected Marine Resource Management Area of Monte Brasil
316:
Fortress of São Filippe/São João Baptista do Monte Brasil
237:
domes and basaltic eruptive centres around the interior;
490:) is the most notable, along with the Atlantic canary (
707:
514:) and the Azorean subspecies of Common blackbird (
783:
244:cones: Monte Brasil and the Cabras Islets; and
775:Reserva Florestal de Recreio do Monte Brasil
686:Diário da República (20 April 2011), p.2365
677:Diário da República (20 April 2011), p.2355
618:
212:. Monte Brasil is flanked by two bays: the
722:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
557:
555:
484:Of the sedentary bird species the hawk (
359:
351:
285:
273:
664:
662:
552:
784:
680:
671:
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656:
654:
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646:
644:
642:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
772:
532:), and the ubiquitous Caspian Gull (
229:influence, including, specifically:
123:
751:
730:
689:
639:
13:
582:
447:) and the common Azorean juniper (
14:
803:
508:), Atlantic European Goldfinch (
200:) connecting the south coast of
122:
115:
27:
475:) and the endemic Azorean bat (
630:
612:
579:França (1993) and (Self, 1973)
573:
564:
1:
541:
218:Fortress of São João Baptista
731:VPR, ed. (23 October 2013),
347:
7:
10:
808:
752:DRE, ed. (20 April 2011),
695:VPR (23 October 2013), p.7
609:VPR (23 October 2013), p.8
303:, while describing Angra:
299:, the humanist theologian
223:
208:, overlooking the city of
636:França et al (2003), p.77
561:França et al (2003), p.31
511:Carduelis carduelis parva
496:), common House Sparrow (
174:
164:
159:
152:, Central Group, Azores,
145:
109:
104:
65:
53:
43:
38:
26:
21:
406:
386:volcano of Santa Bárbara
49:168 m (551 ft)
517:Turdus merula azorensis
338:Nature Park of Terceira
258:Caminho das Belas-donas
487:Buteo buteo rothschild
365:
357:
291:
283:
220:overlooking the city.
472:Oryctolagus cuniculus
382:São Mateus da Calheta
363:
355:
289:
277:
189:is the remnants of a
60:Mountains of Portugal
523:Calonectris diomedea
450:Juniperus brevifolia
441:), African boxwood (
16:Mountain in Portugal
570:Nunes (2000a/2000b)
85: /
773:SRAF, ed. (1989),
463:), least weasels (
366:
358:
292:
284:
39:Highest point
792:Angra do Heroísmo
626:. Ancient wisdom.
619:Antonieta Costa.
499:Passer domesticus
478:Nyctalus azoreumi
297:Saudades da Terra
210:Angra do Heroísmo
184:
183:
150:Angra do Heroísmo
89:38.645°N 27.225°W
799:
778:
769:
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628:
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616:
610:
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580:
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535:Larus cachinnans
526:), Common Tern (
444:Myrsine africana
126:
125:
119:
100:
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31:
19:
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631:
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569:
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493:Serinus canaria
466:Mustela nivalis
409:
350:
301:Gaspar Frutuoso
226:
204:in the central
180:Azores Platform
141:
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94:38.645; -27.225
93:
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34:
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5:
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638:
629:
611:
581:
572:
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529:Sterna hirundo
502:), Rock Dove (
422:Laurus azorica
408:
405:
349:
346:
312:
311:
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182:
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50:
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36:
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24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
804:
793:
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736:
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729:
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719:
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505:Columba livia
501:
500:
495:
494:
489:
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480:
479:
474:
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467:
462:
461:
460:Rattus rattus
457:include rat (
454:
452:
451:
446:
445:
440:
439:
434:
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432:Erica azorica
428:
424:
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418:
417:Azores laurel
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70:
68:
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58:
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48:
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37:
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25:
20:
774:
763:, retrieved
754:
742:, retrieved
733:
709:
691:
682:
673:
632:
614:
575:
566:
533:
527:
521:
515:
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503:
497:
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485:
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476:
470:
464:
458:
455:
448:
442:
436:
430:
420:
415:, including
413:woody plants
410:
398:lithificated
390:
367:
341:
335:
331:
327:Liberal Wars
324:
313:
307:
296:
293:
279:
278:The caravel
269:
262:
257:
254:
233:a number of
227:
214:Bay of Angra
187:Monte Brasil
186:
185:
176:Volcanic arc
166:Type of rock
130:Monte Brasil
22:Monte Brasil
744:27 December
668:SRAF (1989)
469:), rabbit (
438:Myrica faya
370:Porto Judeu
265:Phoenicians
92: /
67:Coordinates
542:References
401:palagonite
374:Ribeirinha
249:ignimbrite
80:27°13′30″W
77:38°38′42″N
765:6 October
435:), Faya (
425:), local
348:Geography
320:semaphore
280:Vera Cruz
242:Surtseyan
198:peninsula
105:Geography
45:Elevation
786:Category
718:citation
710:Açoreana
247:several
235:trachyte
202:Terceira
154:Portugal
146:Location
702:Sources
427:heather
224:History
194:volcano
160:Geology
55:Listing
403:tuff.
378:islets
376:, the
206:Azores
170:Basalt
759:(PDF)
738:(PDF)
624:(PDF)
547:Notes
407:Biome
196:(and
767:2012
746:2013
724:link
393:tuff
372:and
240:two
191:tuff
538:).
481:).
788::
720:}}
716:{{
641:^
584:^
554:^
329:.
726:)
429:(
419:(
310:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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