641:
697:
403:
208:. Amongst the first families to settle in Jerusalem were; Ohana, and Zana, Mimeran, Turgeman, and Aifraga. The Aifraga brothers, who were bankers back in Fez, could not adapt to life in Israel; they bid their cousins, the Zane family, goodbye in 1918, and moved to France and subsequently to Canada as Morocco was no more an option since the initial departure from Morocco was seen as a sedition by most Moroccans Jews and non-Jews. The David, Zane, and Turgeman families lived in the Jewish Quarter whilst the rest of the families lived in
255:
1945. This was partially due to a lack of stressors to leave. Jews in
Morocco felt like they had political security and favorable economic opportunity. They did not want to move to British-controlled Israel-Palestine where the political landscape and economic conditions were more unstable. The British restricted Jewish immigration making the process difficult and providing further disincentive. Additionally, French Moroccan authorities worked to neutralize Zionist efforts when interest in Zionism was proliferating throughout Europe.
627:
431:
375:
501:
247:, and due to domestic strife in the 1950s, the next several decades saw waves of Moroccan Jewish emigration to Israel. Moroccan Jews emigrated for a variety of reasons. Some have emigrated to Israel for religious reasons, some feared persecution, and others left for better economic prospects than they faced in post-colonial Morocco. With every Arab–Israeli war, tensions between Muslim Arabs and Jews rose, sparking more Moroccan Jewish emigration. By the time of the
3470:
655:
2033:
613:
571:
732:
543:
669:
459:
361:
746:
683:
278:. From there, they were brought to transit camps. Only three ships were able to leave. The first two were held in Cyprus until Israeli independence and the last left with only 44 emigrants due to the activity being discovered by French Moroccan authorities. This resulted in the shutdown of this entire illegal emigration operation. A consequence of these activities was an increase in antisemitism in Morocco. A notable incident was a
445:
487:
529:
711:
557:
599:
473:
389:
3480:
417:
585:
157:
Jewish attendance in French schools. After the Second World War and the establishment of the state of Israel, Jewish
Zionist organizations encouraged many Jewish families to leave Morocco and they migrated to Israel legally, with the approval of the French rule at the time. Following the war, many young Moroccan Jews migrated to Israel in a bold move and joined "
515:
258:
In 1947–1948, interest in making Aliyah became clear in large segments of
Moroccan Jewry. One reason for this was dissatisfaction with the French government's treatment of Moroccan Jews. Specifically, there was a refusal to consider granting educated Jews French citizenship which led to a desire for
254:
Morocco once represented the largest Jewish community in the Muslim world. However beginning around the time of the establishment of the modern state of Israel, through the mid-1970s, almost 90% of
Moroccan Jews made Aliyah and emigrated to Israel. Jewish emigration from Morocco was uncommon before
156:
Before the establishment of the State of Israel, rising French influence in
Morocco at the beginning of the 20th century encouraged Moroccan Jews to enroll in French schools, receive a French education and integrate into French culture until 1940, when the Vichy laws came into effect and forbade
135:. The 2019 Israeli census counts 472,800 Jews born in Morocco or with a Moroccan-born father, although according to the World Federation of Moroccan Jewry, nearly one million Israeli Jews are Moroccan or of Moroccan descent, making them the second-largest community in the country.
300:
in 1961. Hassan agreed to accept a large per-capita bounty from the international Jewish community for each Jew who emigrated from
Morocco, and under this agreement Jews were allowed the freedom to emigrate. Between the years 1961–1967, around 120,000 Jews left Morocco. The
219:
Migration was carried out largely through
Tunisia, using small boats to travel from there to Israel. In the summer of 1911, a baby boy; Moshe Vezana, was born, a son to Simcha (Pircha) and David, aboard the ship on their way to Israel. Upon their arrival at
263:, failed had produced regions of mass poverty. Along with this, there was an emotional drive fueled by Zionism gaining popularity among Moroccan Jews. This was a result of greater clarity into the viability of a Jewish state in Palestine.
240:. The Maghreb Jewish community was small between the first and third migrations. Leading congregations in Jerusalem were primarily communities which had immigrated from Iraq, Iran, Bukhara and Yemen.
1130:
228:
was celebrated. The boy, who was a son to a 'Mugrabi' family, was recorded at times as a
Tunisian native and, at other times, as an Israeli native. All other eight brothers were born in the
188:
to the smaller towns and villages surrounding the cities. The overcrowding, the decline in financial circumstances and the need to pray in secret caused some young families to emigrate to
3190:
200:. The first community to make the move were Fez Jews who were living near the main synagogue in Fez. About 60 to 80 young families migrated from 1908 to 1918, and settled mainly in
196:; which employed a more liberal policy for Jews. Rumors and letters which started arriving at synagogues told of Jews migrating to and settling in Israel, encouraging the
1123:
877:
1116:
1503:
1009:
Laskier, Michael M. (1989). "Jewish
Emigration from Morocco to Israel: Government Policies and the Position of International Jewish Organizations, 1949-56".
305:
in 1967 led to another wave of emigration of Jews from
Morocco, primarily to France, but also to Canada, the United States, Israel and other countries.
3509:
1478:
1078:
1292:
1433:
2021:
906:
857:
1999:
1098:
3514:
2161:
279:
3402:
2857:
330:, pressure was exerted on Morocco and a secret treaty was signed with King Hassan II and consequently a massive exodus of Jews from
3504:
3302:
2666:
1445:
3429:
3387:
1562:
2872:
1926:
2971:
2362:
640:
259:
more freedom and better representation in government. Additionally, many places where the current system, which included the
885:
1471:
151:
2641:
308:
Moroccan Jews in Israel enjoyed less upward mobility: 51 percent were blue-collar in 1961 and 54 percent as late as 1981.
3337:
2558:
2379:
1287:
881:
2563:
1317:
3483:
2946:
2656:
2340:
1322:
282:. On June 7, 1948 43 Jews were killed by local Muslims whose frustration was enhanced by French Moroccan officials.
260:
3307:
2491:
2212:
2185:
696:
2014:
1464:
1391:
646:
232:. It was a large family of Mughrabi; the largest living inside the walls of the Old City, until their escape to
2154:
1302:
1272:
1227:
1222:
764:
172:, which entailed French protection of Moroccan Jews, there was a mass escape of Jews from large cities such as
832:
3048:
3011:
2911:
2842:
2828:
2572:
2506:
2072:
1956:
1910:
1312:
1282:
1169:
984:
2941:
2098:
1307:
1267:
1237:
1232:
1184:
1108:
759:
3332:
3287:
3215:
2862:
2476:
2029:
1868:
1780:
1348:
1297:
326:("nut"), which held 44 illegal immigrants, drowned in the sea on its way to Israel. After the sinking of
244:
626:
3362:
3266:
3226:
2901:
2501:
2486:
2269:
2007:
402:
3473:
3113:
2966:
2961:
2147:
1814:
1567:
1194:
1164:
769:
374:
162:
3016:
2740:
2451:
2190:
1931:
1745:
1686:
1617:
1386:
1371:
1338:
1189:
1159:
1151:
84:
3449:
3241:
2896:
2567:
1767:
1674:
1669:
1644:
1639:
1622:
1572:
1363:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1212:
1174:
779:
774:
1703:
3367:
3162:
2921:
2397:
2345:
2335:
2323:
1878:
1696:
1659:
1654:
1634:
1627:
1557:
1487:
1407:
1353:
1247:
1242:
1204:
1179:
632:
139:
3419:
3344:
3251:
3167:
3152:
3106:
3101:
2976:
2616:
2543:
2538:
2409:
2252:
2199:
1900:
1718:
1589:
1540:
1381:
1376:
500:
237:
229:
96:
88:
966:
3377:
3157:
2956:
2706:
2078:
2063:
2048:
1649:
1545:
1513:
1277:
297:
570:
542:
430:
8:
3135:
3126:
3091:
2867:
2496:
2301:
2113:
2103:
2068:
1936:
1873:
1845:
1830:
1550:
654:
528:
267:
2284:
802:
in 2004. The World Federation of Moroccan Jewry estimated close to 1 million as of 2019.
668:
612:
514:
458:
360:
3409:
3292:
3058:
3021:
2981:
2916:
2631:
2123:
2108:
2088:
2058:
1966:
1888:
1852:
1840:
1599:
1594:
1495:
1026:
861:
2264:
1045:"IMMIGRANTS, BY PERIOD OF IMMIGRATION, COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND LAST COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE"
946:"IMMIGRANTS, BY PERIOD OF IMMIGRATION, COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND LAST COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE"
682:
138:
274,180 individuals are recorded to have emigrated from Morocco to Israel between the
3372:
3312:
3172:
3038:
2906:
2797:
2553:
2528:
2128:
2118:
2037:
1883:
710:
2577:
444:
3145:
2814:
2767:
2735:
2661:
2599:
2582:
2548:
2481:
2446:
2441:
2419:
2414:
2350:
2328:
2232:
2207:
2170:
1941:
1508:
1099:"Will Moroccan Jews in Israel vote Labour in 2019 elections? | Saad Guerraoui | AW"
1018:
584:
388:
291:
3070:
556:
486:
3096:
3028:
2951:
2833:
2809:
2777:
2772:
2723:
2696:
2686:
2592:
2471:
2291:
2274:
2237:
2227:
1951:
1946:
1809:
1804:
1790:
1775:
1579:
1535:
1523:
1143:
576:
548:
416:
266:
During this early period of immigration, much of it was facilitated illegally by
100:
92:
598:
472:
3439:
3424:
2936:
2926:
2884:
2852:
2847:
2787:
2691:
2636:
2626:
2587:
2429:
2424:
2313:
2222:
2053:
1961:
1708:
1681:
1518:
1428:
737:
716:
674:
506:
464:
422:
394:
366:
335:
248:
1044:
1022:
945:
251:
in 1973, the majority of Morocco's Jewish population had emigrated to Israel.
3498:
3140:
3065:
3001:
2931:
2792:
2782:
2762:
2750:
2718:
2513:
2434:
2367:
2296:
2257:
1795:
1083:
751:
702:
688:
660:
618:
380:
271:
197:
169:
128:
65:
1138:
338:. Some Jews came to Israel and some migrated to France and other countries.
3397:
3392:
3231:
2889:
2879:
2611:
2217:
1738:
1733:
1713:
1609:
1584:
1139:
274:
emissaries. Moroccan Jews were smuggled into Morocco through the border at
173:
3414:
3256:
3080:
3043:
3033:
3006:
2621:
2533:
2242:
2093:
1755:
1750:
1728:
1723:
1456:
590:
562:
520:
450:
408:
322:
302:
1785:
3382:
3053:
2993:
2711:
2318:
2306:
1893:
1835:
1030:
836:
799:
604:
534:
478:
436:
331:
225:
2651:
492:
201:
185:
45:
2802:
2755:
2701:
2518:
2402:
2372:
2355:
2139:
1528:
919:
205:
53:
2247:
3444:
3434:
2032:
1905:
233:
193:
116:
104:
57:
2728:
2646:
2604:
2279:
1438:
1423:
189:
177:
132:
78:
61:
3121:
2745:
923:
907:
Moroccan Jewry in Israel set to commemorate 60 years of aliya
858:
Moroccan Jewry in Israel set to commemorate 60 years of aliya
342:
275:
221:
181:
158:
49:
346:
285:
127:
are immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the
35:
472,800 (born in Morocco or with a Moroccan-born father)
727:
1068:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, 67
1066:Ethnicity, REligion, and Class in Israeli Society
3496:
311:
334:port was carried out under the supervision of
2155:
2015:
1472:
1124:
920:"נתון אחד ביום: רוב יהודי מרוקו חיים בישראל"
1990:from Christian Arabs in Israel, since 2014.
341:Politically, Moroccan Jews tend to support
2162:
2148:
2022:
2008:
1486:
1479:
1465:
1401:Non-Jewish groups (with Jewish minorities)
1131:
1117:
1071:
985:"The Aliyah of Moroccan Jewry (1954-1955)"
3510:Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
967:"Morocco film searches out Jews who left"
878:"Jews by country of origin and age, 2010"
280:pogrom in Oudjda and the surrounding area
1983:from Muslim Arabs in Israel, since 1957.
1446:Historical Jewish population comparisons
1064:Eliezer Ben-Rafael and Stephen Sharot,
1008:
872:
870:
3497:
286:Emigration under Hassan II of Morocco
2143:
2003:
1460:
1112:
296:Policy changed with the accession of
81:(Main language for all generations);
3479:
2169:
867:
152:Migration of Moroccan Jews to Israel
40:Regions with significant populations
1037:
953:CBS, Statistical Abstract of Israel
882:Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
131:who now reside within the state of
13:
989:Ministry of Aliyah and Integration
833:"اليهود المغاربة وازدواجية الولاء"
14:
3526:
3515:Moroccan-Jewish culture in Israel
352:
3478:
3469:
3468:
2351:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2031:
744:
730:
709:
695:
681:
667:
653:
639:
625:
611:
597:
583:
569:
555:
541:
527:
513:
499:
485:
471:
457:
443:
429:
415:
401:
387:
373:
359:
161:" forces that were fighting the
3505:Israeli Jews by national origin
1091:
1058:
1002:
977:
647:David Levy (Israeli politician)
959:
938:
912:
900:
851:
825:
805:
792:
765:History of the Jews in Morocco
1:
1079:"Israel's "New Labour" party"
955:. Government of Israel. 2009.
818:
16:Jewish ethnic group in Israel
1142:by geographic origin in the
168:Prior to the signing of the
7:
1392:Peruvian Jews (B'nai Moshe)
723:
212:(English: "residence") and
142:in 1948 and the year 2016.
129:Moroccan Jewish communities
10:
3531:
3363:African diaspora religions
2487:Indigenous Black Canadians
289:
149:
145:
140:establishment of the state
3464:
3353:
3338:African Hebrew Israelites
3323:
3277:
3214:
3203:
3183:
3114:Afro-Asians in South Asia
3079:
2992:
2827:
2677:
2462:
2388:
2198:
2184:
2177:
2044:
1975:
1919:
1861:
1823:
1766:
1608:
1494:
1416:
1400:
1362:
1331:
1203:
1150:
1023:10.1080/00263208908700785
770:Arabic language in Israel
216:(English: "peace tent").
115:
110:
77:
72:
44:
39:
32:
27:
2380:Turks and Caicos Islands
1927:African-American Hebrews
1862:Other non-Semitic groups
785:
760:Israel–Morocco relations
1349:Peruvian Jews (Iquitos)
780:North African Sephardim
775:Jewish ethnic divisions
245:1947–1949 Palestine war
125:Moroccan Jews in Israel
23:Moroccan Jews in Israel
3368:Anti-African sentiment
1488:Demographics of Israel
1011:Middle Eastern Studies
633:Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit
3420:Civil rights movement
3308:Afro-Caribbean people
2617:Chestnut Ridge people
2539:African-American Jews
2341:Saint Kitts and Nevis
238:1948 Arab-Israeli War
230:Old City of Jerusalem
163:1948 Arab–Israeli War
97:Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
68:and many other places
3378:Atlantic slave trade
3066:United Arab Emirates
1496:Israelis by religion
1052:Government of Israel
909:, (August 25, 2019).
312:The disaster of the
298:Hassan II of Morocco
3267:Sierra Leone Creole
3118:India and Pakistan
2363:Trinidad and Tobago
2213:Antigua and Barbuda
1781:Madani and Fellahin
1364:Other Jewish groups
268:Mossad LeAliyah Bet
24:
3410:Black Lives Matter
3017:Ethiopian Israelis
2667:African immigrants
2642:Louisiana Redbones
2578:Chickasaw freedmen
2507:African immigrants
2275:Dominican Republic
1288:Saudi Arabian Jews
1185:South African Jews
1087:. 26 October 2017.
864:(August 25, 2019).
862:The Jerusalem Post
839:. 21 December 2005
83:Older generation:
22:
3492:
3491:
3460:
3459:
3373:Anti-Black racism
3313:British Jamaicans
3303:African Americans
3288:African Americans
3242:Americo-Liberians
3227:African Americans
3199:
3198:
3022:Sudanese refugees
2823:
2822:
2593:Seminole freedmen
2573:Cherokee freedmen
2554:Black Southerners
2529:African Americans
2477:African Americans
2137:
2136:
2038:Moroccan diaspora
1997:
1996:
1920:Foreign nationals
1869:African Americans
1454:
1453:
320:In 1961 the ship
224:port, the baby's
122:
121:
3522:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3212:
3211:
2600:Creoles of color
2583:Choctaw freedmen
2549:Black Mennonites
2482:Black Mennonites
2329:Jamaican Maroons
2285:Samaná Americans
2196:
2195:
2182:
2181:
2171:African diaspora
2164:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1986:Arameans have a
1563:Eastern Orthodox
1481:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1439:"Reverse Aliyah"
1133:
1126:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
981:
975:
974:
963:
957:
956:
950:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
916:
910:
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
884:. Archived from
874:
865:
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
829:
812:
809:
803:
796:
754:
749:
748:
747:
740:
735:
734:
733:
713:
699:
685:
671:
657:
643:
629:
615:
601:
587:
573:
559:
545:
531:
517:
503:
489:
475:
461:
447:
433:
419:
405:
391:
377:
363:
292:Operation Yachin
28:Total population
25:
21:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3456:
3430:Genetic history
3355:
3349:
3325:
3319:
3299:United Kingdom
3273:
3252:Afro-Brazilians
3207:
3205:
3195:
3179:
3084:
3075:
2988:
2831:
2819:
2679:
2673:
2544:Alabama Creoles
2464:
2458:
2390:
2384:
2189:
2173:
2168:
2138:
2133:
2040:
2030:
2028:
1998:
1993:
1971:
1915:
1857:
1819:
1805:Arab Christians
1762:
1604:
1490:
1485:
1455:
1450:
1434:Israelis abroad
1412:
1396:
1358:
1327:
1199:
1195:Venezuelan Jews
1165:Australian Jews
1146:
1144:Jewish diaspora
1137:
1107:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
983:
982:
978:
973:. 3 March 2013.
965:
964:
960:
948:
944:
943:
939:
929:
927:
918:
917:
913:
905:
901:
891:
889:
876:
875:
868:
856:
852:
842:
840:
831:
830:
826:
821:
816:
815:
810:
806:
797:
793:
788:
750:
745:
743:
736:
731:
729:
726:
719:
714:
705:
700:
691:
686:
677:
672:
663:
658:
649:
644:
635:
630:
621:
616:
607:
602:
593:
588:
579:
577:Moshe Bar-Asher
574:
565:
560:
551:
546:
537:
532:
523:
518:
509:
504:
495:
490:
481:
476:
467:
462:
453:
448:
439:
434:
425:
420:
411:
406:
397:
392:
383:
378:
369:
364:
355:
318:
294:
288:
154:
148:
105:Moroccan Ladino
101:Moroccan French
93:Moroccan Arabic
85:Moroccan Berber
82:
34:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3476:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3440:Pan-Africanism
3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:Creole peoples
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3220:
3218:
3209:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3141:Black Dutchmen
3133:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2957:United Kingdom
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2588:Creek freedmen
2585:
2580:
2575:
2561:
2559:Black Hispanic
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2525:United States
2523:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2430:Miskito people
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2240:
2238:Cayman Islands
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2193:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2129:Western Sahara
2126:
2121:
2119:United Kingdom
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1417:Related topics
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1408:Dutch Israelis
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1387:Pakistani Jews
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:Ethiopian Jews
1368:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Bulgarian Jews
1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1283:Jordanian Jews
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1190:Uruguayan Jews
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1160:Argentine Jews
1156:
1154:
1152:Ashkenazi Jews
1148:
1147:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1070:
1057:
1036:
1017:(3): 323–362.
1001:
976:
958:
937:
911:
899:
866:
850:
823:
822:
820:
817:
814:
813:
804:
790:
789:
787:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
755:
741:
738:Morocco portal
725:
722:
721:
720:
717:Ronit Elkabetz
715:
708:
706:
701:
694:
692:
687:
680:
678:
675:Shlomo Ben-Ami
673:
666:
664:
659:
652:
650:
645:
638:
636:
631:
624:
622:
617:
610:
608:
603:
596:
594:
589:
582:
580:
575:
568:
566:
561:
554:
552:
547:
540:
538:
533:
526:
524:
519:
512:
510:
507:Yael Abecassis
505:
498:
496:
491:
484:
482:
477:
470:
468:
465:Sharren Haskel
463:
456:
454:
449:
442:
440:
435:
428:
426:
423:Daniel Benlulu
421:
414:
412:
407:
400:
398:
395:Yossi Benayoun
393:
386:
384:
379:
372:
370:
367:Reuven Abergel
365:
358:
354:
353:Notable people
351:
336:General Oufkir
317:
310:
290:Main article:
287:
284:
249:Yom Kippur War
150:Main article:
147:
144:
120:
119:
113:
112:
108:
107:
75:
74:
70:
69:
42:
41:
37:
36:
30:
29:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3527:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3485:
3477:
3475:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:Sierra Leone
3262:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:Afro-American
3202:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:French Guiana
2739:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2657:Somali Bantus
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:Black Indians
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Affrilachians
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:New Brunswick
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:Miskito Sambu
2433:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Dougla people
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:Ganga-Longoba
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Latin America
2187:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:United States
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1989:
1988:status aparte
1985:
1982:
1981:status aparte
1979:Druze have a
1978:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:Other Semitic
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:Mountain Jews
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:Moroccan Jews
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:Sephardi Jews
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:Bahraini Jews
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Lebanese Jews
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Georgian Jews
1261:
1259:
1258:Mountain Jews
1256:
1254:
1253:Bukharan Jews
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:Egyptian Jews
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1228:Algerian Jews
1226:
1224:
1223:Tunisian Jews
1221:
1219:
1218:Moroccan Jews
1216:
1214:
1213:Yemenite Jews
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:Romanian Jews
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1084:The Economist
1080:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
990:
986:
980:
972:
968:
962:
954:
947:
941:
925:
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888:on 2011-11-13
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26:
3191:Saint Helena
3127:in Karnataka
3044:Saudi Arabia
2612:Brass Ankles
2253:Cape Verdean
2083:
1987:
1980:
1962:Doms (Gypsy)
1957:Palestinians
1776:Arab Muslims
1739:Bene Ephraim
1734:Bnei Menashe
1691:
1664:
1585:Samaritanism
1558:Christianity
1514:Conservative
1354:Turkish Jews
1343:
1313:Kuwaiti Jews
1293:Emirati Jews
1248:Iranian Jews
1243:Kurdish Jews
1217:
1205:Mizrahi Jews
1180:Russian Jews
1140:Israeli Jews
1093:
1082:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1051:
1039:
1014:
1010:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
988:
979:
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940:
928:. Retrieved
926:. April 2021
914:
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890:. Retrieved
886:the original
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841:. Retrieved
827:
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549:Ze'ev Revach
340:
327:
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307:
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265:
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198:Maghreb Jews
167:
155:
137:
124:
123:
89:Judeo-Berber
19:Ethnic group
3450:Reparations
3415:Black power
3163:New Zealand
2994:Middle East
2947:Switzerland
2907:Netherlands
2622:Dominickers
2497:Nova Scotia
2415:El Salvador
2346:Saint Lucia
2336:Puerto Rico
2099:Netherlands
2054:Brazil/Peru
1901:Circassians
1756:Falash Mura
1751:Beta Israel
1729:Bene Israel
1382:Indian Jews
1377:French Jews
1323:Kazakh Jews
1318:Afghan Jews
1308:Qatari Jews
1268:Syrian Jews
1233:Libyan Jews
1170:Polish Jews
811:As of 2010.
591:Ninet Tayeb
563:Haim Revivo
521:Amir Peretz
451:Omri Casspi
409:Shlomo Amar
303:Six-Day War
192:or move to
3499:Categories
3383:Coromantee
2798:Paramaccan
2712:Quilombola
2652:Melungeons
2410:Costa Rica
2319:Coromantee
1911:Vietnamese
1894:Subbotniks
1836:Samaritans
1709:Romaniotes
1618:Ashkenazim
1573:Protestant
1298:Omani Jews
1278:Iraqi Jews
930:6 December
892:6 December
843:6 December
837:BBC Arabic
819:References
800:BBC Arabic
605:Zehava Ben
535:Miri Regev
479:Oshik Levi
437:Aryeh Deri
332:Casablanca
243:After the
226:Brit Milah
170:Fez Treaty
3204:Secondary
3168:Sri Lanka
3146:Mardijker
3136:Indonesia
3107:Hong Kong
3102:Guangzhou
3092:Australia
3039:Palestine
2967:Liverpool
2962:Cambridge
2815:Venezuela
2687:Argentina
2442:Nicaragua
2420:Guatemala
2200:Caribbean
2178:Geography
1937:Filipinos
1874:Armenians
1846:Maronites
1831:Assyrians
1746:Ethiopian
1687:Bulgarian
1682:Sephardim
1551:Ahmadiyya
493:Orly Levi
210:Mishkanot
202:Jerusalem
186:Marrakech
73:Languages
46:Jerusalem
3474:Category
3324:Asia and
3293:Haitians
3248:Nigeria
3238:Liberia
3208:diaspora
3184:Atlantic
3158:Malaysia
3059:Africans
2977:Scotland
2922:Portugal
2843:Abkhazia
2803:Saramaka
2778:Suriname
2768:Paraguay
2756:Saramaka
2724:Colombia
2702:Kalungas
2632:Garifuna
2568:Freedmen
2519:Mascogos
2452:Cimarrón
2425:Honduras
2403:Garifuna
2373:Merikins
2356:Garifuna
2270:Dominica
2228:Barbados
2208:Anguilla
2186:Americas
1967:Sudanese
1906:Bosniaks
1889:Russians
1853:Lebanese
1841:Arameans
1815:Lebanese
1704:Karaites
1692:Moroccan
1675:Yemenite
1665:Moroccan
1645:Georgian
1640:Bukharan
1635:Mizrahim
1623:Romanian
1600:Buddhism
1595:Hinduism
1568:Catholic
1529:Haymanot
1509:Rabbinic
994:14 April
971:Ynetnews
724:See also
206:Tiberias
111:Religion
54:Tel Aviv
3484:Commons
3445:Slavery
3435:Maroons
3354:Related
3326:Oceania
3284:France
3173:Kaffirs
3085:Oceania
2952:Ukraine
2927:Romania
2897:Ireland
2880:Germany
2863:Finland
2858:Denmark
2853:Belgium
2848:Austria
2810:Uruguay
2788:Matawai
2736:Ecuador
2707:Macombo
2692:Bolivia
2680:America
2502:Ontario
2465:America
2391:America
2389:Central
2314:Jamaica
2302:Marabou
2292:Grenada
2265:Curaçao
2233:Bermuda
2223:Bahamas
2079:Germany
2064:Denmark
2049:Belgium
1932:Chinese
1884:Indians
1791:Galilee
1786:Bedouin
1714:Italkim
1697:Turkish
1660:Kurdish
1655:Iranian
1628:Russian
1580:Druzism
1524:Karaite
1504:Judaism
1054:. 2009.
1031:4283316
236:due to
234:Katamon
194:Tunisia
146:History
117:Judaism
58:Netanya
33:900,000
3403:Yoruba
3356:topics
3333:Israel
3278:Europe
3223:Ghana
3216:Africa
3054:Turkey
3029:Jordan
3012:Israel
2972:London
2942:Sweden
2932:Russia
2917:Poland
2912:Norway
2890:Blacks
2885:Greece
2868:France
2834:Blacks
2829:Europe
2793:Ndyuka
2783:Kwinti
2763:Guyana
2751:Ndyuka
2729:Raizal
2697:Brazil
2662:Yoruba
2647:Lumbee
2627:Fulani
2605:Gullah
2514:Mexico
2472:Canada
2447:Panama
2398:Belize
2307:Marron
2280:Cocolo
2114:Sweden
2104:Norway
2084:Israel
2069:France
2059:Canada
1942:Greeks
1724:Cochin
1719:Indian
1519:Reform
1424:Aliyah
1029:
190:Israel
178:Meknes
133:Israel
79:Hebrew
62:Ashdod
3398:Tikar
3393:Kongo
3345:Japan
3232:Tabom
3153:Japan
3122:Siddi
3097:China
3071:Yemen
3049:Syria
2982:Wales
2937:Spain
2902:Italy
2873:Paris
2746:Aluku
2719:Chile
2678:South
2637:Igbos
2463:North
2324:Igbos
2297:Haiti
2248:Arará
2218:Aruba
2109:Spain
2089:Italy
2073:Paris
1952:Kurds
1947:Turks
1879:Dutch
1810:Druze
1796:Negev
1768:Arabs
1650:Iraqi
1590:Bahai
1541:Sunni
1536:Islam
1429:Sabra
1048:(PDF)
1027:JSTOR
949:(PDF)
924:Davar
786:Notes
343:Likud
276:Oujda
182:Rabat
159:Gahal
50:Haifa
3388:Igbo
3257:Saro
3081:Asia
3034:Oman
3007:Iraq
3002:Iran
2773:Peru
2243:Cuba
2094:Mali
1610:Jews
1546:Shia
996:2018
932:2022
894:2022
845:2022
347:Shas
328:Egoz
323:Egoz
316:ship
314:Egoz
270:and
222:Yafo
204:and
184:and
3083:and
1019:doi
345:or
261:AIU
174:Fez
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