1561:
1571:
1550:
1581:
201:, and all hosts are physical network nodes. However, some data-link-layer devices such as switches, bridges and wireless access points do not have an IP host address (except sometimes for administrative purposes), and are not considered to be Internet nodes or hosts, but are considered physical network nodes and LAN nodes.
325:
are called end nodes. Typically, within the cloud computing construct, the individual user or customer computer that connects into one well-managed cloud is called an end node. Since these computers are a part of the network yet unmanaged by the cloud's host, they present significant risks to the
449:
the basic algorithm is oblivious to the heterogeneity in the performance of nodes. To address these issues, Dynamo uses a variant of consistent hashing: instead of mapping a node to a single point in the circle, each node gets assigned to multiple points in the ring. To this end, Dynamo uses the
450:
concept of "virtual nodes". A virtual node looks like a single node in the system, but each node can be responsible for more than one virtual node. Effectively, when a new node is added to the system, it is assigned multiple positions (henceforth, "tokens") in the ring.
321:
Within a vast computer network, the individual computers on the periphery of the network, those that do not also connect other networks, and those that often connect transiently to one or more
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825:
60:
A physical network node is an electronic device that is attached to a network, and is capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting information over a
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1500:
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463:
263:
node. This can be defined as those homes or businesses within a specific geographic area that are served from a common fiber optic
267:. A fiber optic node is generally described in terms of the number of "homes passed" that are served by that specific fiber node.
1527:
1522:
1512:
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so that the system is not oblivious to the heterogeneity of the nodes. This issue is addressed with special algorithms, like
659:
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1517:
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1289:
1383:
1168:
716:
518:
1279:
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489:
1299:
330:. There are several means to remedy this problem but all require instilling trust in the end node computer.
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17:
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299:, nodes that actively route data for the other networked devices as well as themselves are called
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31:
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systems (CATV), this term has assumed a broader context and is generally associated with a
8:
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147:
100:
30:
This article is about a point within a telecommunications network. For other uses, see
1408:
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866:
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595:
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151:
27:
Device or point within a network capable of creating, receiving, or transmitting data
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1207:
1121:
976:
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911:
871:
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580:
565:
327:
256:
182:, that operates only below the data link layer does not require a network address.
179:
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896:
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322:
296:
159:
155:
1239:
1111:
1086:
1046:
1016:
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612:
431:"Dynamo: Amazon's Highly Available Key-value Store: 4.2 Partitioning Algorithm"
132:
128:
81:
77:
46:
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292:
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175:
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1116:
1026:
1011:
971:
931:
790:
124:
104:
73:
232:. In cellular communication, switching points and databases such as the
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689:
339:
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921:
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1006:
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220:
In the fixed telephone network, a node may be a public or private
1446:
1431:
649:
193:, many physical network nodes are host computers, also known as
1476:
1436:
758:
291:. A peer may sometimes serve as client, sometimes server. In a
64:. In data communication, a physical network node may either be
1461:
1398:
706:
120:
115:
In data communication, a physical network node may either be
69:
1403:
139:(DTE) such as a digital telephone handset, a printer or a
415:
154:(WAN), every LAN or WAN node that participates on the
88:(such as a digital telephone handset, a printer or a
53:, ‘knot’) is either a redistribution point or a
1597:
252:are not considered to be nodes in this context.
248:(SGSN) are examples of nodes. Cellular network
461:
519:
1534:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1570:
526:
512:
166:it possesses. Examples are computers, a
14:
1598:
533:
306:Distributed systems may sometimes use
270:
507:
204:
1580:
405:
403:
110:
24:
185:If the network in question is the
25:
1622:
400:
326:entire cloud. This is called the
1579:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1548:
1169:Free-space optical communication
482:
465:Architecture from the top down
455:
423:
367:
13:
1:
462:David D. Clark (April 2009),
411:"Networking-a-complete-guide"
360:
228:or a computer providing some
99:distribution point such as a
1555:Telecommunication portal
1336:Telecommunications equipment
438:www.allthingsdistributed.com
355:Terminal (telecommunication)
170:with Ethernet interface and
164:network interface controller
117:data communication equipment
66:data communication equipment
7:
1072:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
333:
230:intelligent network service
39:telecommunications networks
10:
1627:
776:Telecommunications history
29:
1543:
1485:
1422:
1384:Public Switched Telephone
1344:
1308:
1265:
1206:
1196:telecommunication circuit
1157:Fiber-optic communication
1140:
902:Francis Blake (telephone)
849:
697:Optical telecommunication
541:
246:serving GPRS support node
242:gateway GPRS Support Node
162:, typically one for each
1295:Orbital angular-momentum
732:Satellite communications
571:Communications satellite
440:. All things distributed
174:. Equipment, such as an
1174:Molecular communication
997:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
826:Undersea telegraph line
561:Cable protection system
314:, as it is the case in
279:network, the nodes are
234:base station controller
137:data terminal equipment
86:data terminal equipment
1316:Communication protocol
1102:Charles Sumner Tainter
917:Walter Houser Brattain
862:Edwin Howard Armstrong
670:Information revolution
238:home location register
55:communication endpoint
50:
1290:Polarization-division
1022:Narinder Singh Kapany
987:Erna Schneider Hoover
907:Jagadish Chandra Bose
887:Alexander Graham Bell
618:online video platform
172:wireless access point
62:communication channel
32:Node (disambiguation)
1132:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1092:Almon Brown Strowger
1062:Charles Grafton Page
717:Prepaid mobile phone
645:Electrical telegraph
1606:Computer networking
1082:Johann Philipp Reis
841:Wireless revolution
803:The Telephone Cases
660:Hydraulic telegraph
350:Networking hardware
271:Distributed systems
226:remote concentrator
197:, identified by an
1280:Frequency-division
1257:Telephone exchange
1127:Charles Wheatstone
1057:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1032:Innocenzo Manzetti
967:Reginald Fessenden
702:Optical telegraphy
535:Telecommunications
312:consistent hashing
277:distributed system
222:telephone exchange
205:Telecommunications
148:local area network
146:If a network is a
101:distribution frame
1593:
1592:
1331:Store and forward
1326:Data transmission
1240:Network switching
1191:Transmission line
1037:Guglielmo Marconi
1002:Internet pioneers
867:Mohamed M. Atalla
836:Whistled language
152:wide area network
111:Computer networks
16:(Redirected from
1618:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1424:Notable networks
1414:Wireless network
1354:Cellular network
1346:Types of network
1321:Computer network
1208:Network topology
1122:Thomas A. Watson
977:Oliver Heaviside
962:Philo Farnsworth
937:Daniel Davis Jr.
912:Charles Bourseul
872:John Logie Baird
581:Data compression
576:Computer network
528:
521:
514:
505:
504:
498:
497:
492:. Archived from
486:
480:
479:
478:
477:
468:, archived from
459:
453:
452:
446:
445:
435:
427:
421:
420:
407:
398:
397:
395:
394:
385:. Archived from
371:
328:end node problem
257:cable television
217:
216:
212:
180:serial interface
119:(DCE) such as a
21:
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1625:
1621:
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1615:
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1547:
1539:
1481:
1418:
1340:
1304:
1261:
1210:
1202:
1143:
1136:
1042:Robert Metcalfe
897:Tim Berners-Lee
845:
665:Information Age
537:
532:
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501:
488:
487:
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429:
428:
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409:
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401:
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373:
372:
368:
363:
336:
316:Amazon's Dynamo
297:overlay network
273:
218:
214:
210:
208:
207:
160:network address
156:data link layer
113:
107:is not a node.
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1277:
1275:Space-division
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1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1112:Camille Tissot
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1087:Claude Shannon
1084:
1079:
1077:Tivadar Puskás
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1047:Antonio Meucci
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1017:Charles K. Kao
1014:
1009:
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992:Harold Hopkins
989:
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979:
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892:Emile Berliner
889:
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879:
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869:
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859:
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851:
847:
846:
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838:
833:
831:Videotelephony
828:
823:
822:
821:
816:
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783:
778:
773:
768:
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746:
745:
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734:
729:
727:Radiotelephone
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
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682:
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672:
667:
662:
657:
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625:
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615:
613:Internet video
605:
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568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
545:
539:
538:
531:
530:
523:
516:
508:
500:
499:
496:on 2011-01-29.
481:
454:
422:
399:
365:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
352:
347:
342:
335:
332:
272:
269:
206:
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195:Internet nodes
178:or modem with
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1300:Code-division
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:Time-division
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1246:
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1242:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:and switching
1209:
1205:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:optical fiber
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:Coaxial cable
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
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1120:
1118:
1115:
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1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:Radia Perlman
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
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1025:
1023:
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1018:
1015:
1013:
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1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
957:Lee de Forest
955:
953:
952:Thomas Edison
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:Donald Davies
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
927:Claude Chappe
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
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890:
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829:
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805:
804:
800:
798:
795:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
771:Smoke signals
769:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
750:
749:Semiconductor
747:
743:
740:
739:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
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708:
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700:
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691:
688:
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686:
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661:
658:
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641:
638:
636:
633:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
608:Digital media
606:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
546:
544:
540:
536:
529:
524:
522:
517:
515:
510:
509:
506:
495:
491:
485:
472:on 2021-08-13
471:
467:
466:
458:
451:
439:
432:
426:
418:
417:
412:
406:
404:
389:on 2009-02-13
388:
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353:
351:
348:
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338:
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331:
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309:
308:virtual nodes
304:
302:
298:
294:
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282:
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266:
262:
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253:
251:
250:base stations
247:
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196:
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141:host computer
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90:host computer
87:
83:
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71:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
18:Network nodes
1267:Multiplexing
1227:
1142:Transmission
1107:Nikola Tesla
1097:Henry Sutton
1052:Samuel Morse
982:Robert Hooke
947:Amos Dolbear
882:John Bardeen
801:
781:Telautograph
685:Mobile phone
640:Edholm's law
623:social media
556:Broadcasting
494:the original
490:"LPS-Public"
484:
474:, retrieved
470:the original
464:
457:
448:
442:. Retrieved
437:
425:
414:
391:. Retrieved
387:the original
378:
369:
320:
307:
305:
293:peer-to-peer
274:
254:
219:
194:
184:
176:Ethernet hub
158:must have a
145:
114:
94:
59:
42:
36:
1467:NPL network
1179:Radio waves
1117:Alfred Vail
1027:Hedy Lamarr
1012:Dawon Kahng
972:Elisha Gray
932:Yogen Dalal
857:Nasir Ahmed
791:Teleprinter
655:Heliographs
261:fiber optic
244:(GGSN) and
105:patch panel
68:(such as a
1600:Categories
1513:Antarctica
1472:Toasternet
1394:Television
877:Paul Baran
809:Television
793:(teletype)
786:Telegraphy
764:transistor
742:Phryctoria
712:Photophone
690:Smartphone
680:Mass media
476:2017-05-14
444:2011-03-17
393:2007-10-23
361:References
340:End system
301:supernodes
199:IP address
1497:Americas
1486:Locations
1457:Internet2
1218:Bandwidth
922:Vint Cerf
819:streaming
797:Telephone
737:Semaphore
628:streaming
383:Microsoft
345:Middlebox
168:DSL modem
150:(LAN) or
1565:Category
1452:Internet
1442:CYCLADES
1359:Ethernet
1309:Concepts
1233:terminal
1184:wireless
1007:Bob Kahn
850:Pioneers
675:Internet
566:Cable TV
334:See also
265:receiver
191:intranet
187:Internet
1611:Routing
1585:Commons
1575:Outline
1528:Oceania
1447:FidoNet
1432:ARPANET
1245:circuit
814:digital
543:History
379:Encarta
285:servers
281:clients
97:passive
1523:Europe
1493:Africa
1477:Usenet
1437:BITNET
1374:Mobile
1250:packet
759:MOSFET
754:device
551:Beacon
375:"Node"
323:clouds
209:": -->
189:or an
133:switch
129:bridge
82:switch
78:bridge
1506:South
1501:North
1462:JANET
1399:Telex
1389:Radio
1228:Nodes
1223:Links
1144:media
722:Radio
707:Pager
635:Drums
601:video
596:image
586:audio
434:(PDF)
289:peers
275:In a
135:; or
121:modem
84:) or
70:modem
51:nodus
47:Latin
1518:Asia
1404:UUCP
1364:ISDN
224:, a
211:edit
92:).
43:node
41:, a
1409:WAN
1379:NGN
1369:LAN
650:Fax
591:DCT
416:IBM
295:or
287:or
255:In
131:or
125:hub
103:or
80:or
74:hub
57:.
37:In
1602::
447:.
436:.
413:.
402:^
381:.
377:.
318:.
303:.
283:,
240:,
236:,
143:.
127:,
123:,
95:A
76:,
72:,
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1536:)
1532:(
527:e
520:t
513:v
419:.
396:.
215:]
45:(
34:.
20:)
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