1104:, the production of methamphetamine in North Korea is done by chemists and other underemployed scientists. Methamphetamine is often taken as a "medication" within North Korea, which has helped to fuel its spread. As the production and sale of opium declined in the mid-2000s, methamphetamine became more pervasive. To bring in much-needed cash, the international methamphetamine trade began, spreading first to China, and with the drug being made in state-run laboratories. However, Isaac Stone Fish admitted with regard to his report: "I have no idea what is actually happening inside North Korea".
44:
1720:
844:
3827:
987:, the country's illicit activities never developed into lucrative hard currency earners. Instead, these activities exposed the country to international condemnation in exchange for marginal gain. Lankov suggests that smuggling was never intended to earn currency for the regime, but was simply a means of survival for diplomats whose funding was cut.
1028:(KNIC) under sanctions and added that the KNIC had links to Room 39. The KNIC (which had offices in Hamburg, Germany and London, United Kingdom) was reported to have had assets of UK£787 million in 2014 and had been involved in scamming insurance markets and making investments in property and foreign exchange.
1543:
agreed to remove North Korea from the list after North Korea met their obligations to provide access to their nuclear program and the resumption of disabling of their nuclear facilities, but continued hostilities and the fear that North Korea could sell nuclear weapons to terrorist organisations have
1245:
quoted reports that mentioned the existence of "as many as 12" factories in North Korea capable of producing "billions of packs of counterfeit cigarettes annually." The factories appear to be owned and operated by the North Korean military. The major factories for cigarette production were reportedly
962:
Unlike criminal syndicates, the extensive nature of these illegal endeavors, and the claim that they are directed and sanctioned by the highest levels of government, has led to the nature of the North Korean state being defined as a form of "criminal sovereignty" by Paul Rexton Kan and Bruce
Bechtol.
1257:
In 1995, Taiwan stopped a ship and confiscated 20 containers of counterfeit cigarette packaging, which is enough to make 2 million cartons of popular
Japanese and British brands. In 2004, authorities in Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Singapore also impounded containers filled with counterfeit
1149:
was intercepted importing heroin into
Australia. The ship was suspected of being involved in smuggling almost 125 kilograms (276 lb) of heroin into Australia with an estimated street value of A$ 160 million. While four men who had landed pleaded guilty, the ship's four officers were acquitted on all
1177:, the North Korean government has counterfeited $ 50 and $ 100 United States banknotes using increasingly sophisticated techniques. In 1994, authorities in Hong Kong and Macao apprehended five North Korean diplomats and trade-mission members carrying around $ 430,000 in bills that turned out to be "
1005:
of North Korea's leader. Room 39 oversees many of the government's illegal activities (although the military also has its own illegal activity division) such as counterfeiting and drug production. In 2010, the department was reported to have had 17 overseas branches, 100 trading companies and banks
979:
The
British academic Hazel Smith has argued that the allegations have a weak foundation, being largely based on the claims of a few US officials and North Korean defectors. She has pointed out that there have been very few criminal convictions. She has queried the assumption that all the activities
966:
However, there are questions remaining about the level of government involvement in each of the criminal enterprises. Many commentators agree that the North Korean state has been behind counterfeiting currency, human trafficking, the arms trade, etc., but the level to which it has been involved in
1296:
While the North Korean government claims these are "contract workers", reports claim that they are actually subjected to forced labor, that their movements and communications are subjected to strict surveillance, and that workers sent overseas do not have a choice in the type of work they will be
1111:
being the most important transhipment point from North Korea. The production, storage, financing, and sale of the North Korea's methamphetamine trade reaches multiple countries from the
Philippines, the United States, Hong Kong, Thailand, western Africa and others. In 2010, five foreign nationals
1060:
It is alleged that North Korea's illegal drug trade dates back to the 1970s and includes the manufacturing, selling, and trafficking of illicit drugs, as well as counterfeit otherwise legal pharmaceuticals. Production began in the mountainous
Hamgyong and Ryanggang Provinces, particularly in the
1240:
Counterfeit cigarettes have been a lucrative item for the country. The trade is believed to have begun in the 1990s and greatly increased in 2002 after
Chinese authorities shut down many counterfeit operations in China, which then provided added incentive, knowledge, and capacity which could be
1618:
Hacking has also emerged as an important source of income for North Korea. Although all estimates are considered rough, it is understood that thousands of hackers rake in hundreds of millions of dollars each year. This would make hacking a bigger source of income than weapons sales and related
1124:
Between 1977 and 2003, more than twenty North Korean diplomats, agents, and trade officials have been implicated, detained, or arrested in drug-smuggling operations in more than a dozen countries. In 2004, two North Korean embassy employees were caught smuggling 150,000 tablets of
1091:"here were some complaints that during the famine we should be growing grain, not poppies, but the instruction from the central government was that if we grow poppies we can sell the product for 10 times as much to buy grain. ... The only way to earn hard currency is by drugs."
1181:" (also called "supernote") counterfeits. There have been two primary reasons for counterfeiting: the first is to wage economic warfare against the United States, and secondly, to help ease North Korea's domestic economic problems. According to a report by Balbina Hwang of
1338:
UN sanctions now ban all arms, including small arms and light weapons. North Korea has developed an extensive and complicated arms trade network in an attempt to circumvent sanctions and uses front companies and embassies to traffic weapons. In a 2014 UN report,
1335:, international sanctions have sought to limit or prevent North Korea from exporting various types of arms, materials, and technology. Prior to UN sanctions however, countries such as Japan and the United States took unilateral steps to curb such activities.
1707:
13551, which "targets North Korea’s importation and exportation of arms, importation of luxury goods, and other illicit activities, including money laundering, the counterfeiting of goods and currency, bulk cash smuggling, and narcotics trafficking."
2936:
1133:(the brand name for the synthetic stimulant fenethylline, or phenethylline), with an estimated street value of $ 7 million. The government of North Korea has only admitted that individuals undertook such acts, and not at the direction of the state.
1080:'s Foreign Relations Department, to conduct clandestine activities. The company also holds large tracts of land within the country for the sole purpose of growing opium and each year the company sent tens of thousands of dollars in hard currency to
1300:
It is estimated that there are thousands of North
Koreans working in logging, construction, and agriculture industries in Russia. These workers reportedly only receive two days of rest each year and face punishment if they fail to meet quotas.
1211:
press from the 1970s would be incapable of printing the supernotes, and the paper and ink would be extremely difficult for North Korea to produce. Furthermore, he says that the amounts of supernotes produced are too small to be economical.
1305:
1276:
North Korea is a "Tier 3" country (those who do not comply with human trafficking laws) as listed by the U.S. Department of State and has retained this ranking since 2007. The country is a source country of men, women, and children for
1185:, North Korea circulated $ 100 million in counterfeit currency in 2001. The revenues from this are estimated at between $ 15 million and $ 25 million annually. In 2013, the United States released its newly redesigned
391:
1598:
According to cybersecurity experts, North Korea maintains an army of hackers trained to disrupt enemy computer networks and steal both money and sensitive data. In the previous decade, it was blamed for numerous
1610:
in 2014, U.S. government officials stated that the North Korean government was "centrally involved" in the hacking. White House officials treated the situation as a "serious national security matter", and the
1856:
1651:
1408:
In 2012, the United
Nations reported that 445 North Korean-made graphite cylinders (which can be used to produce ballistic missiles) were seized from a Chinese freighter at the South Korean port of
1818:
385:
1579:. North Korea has admitted to abducting 13 Japanese citizens, and Japan lists 17 as having been abducted. There are also testimonies which list nine Europeans as being abducted by North Korea.
1193:
2027:
338:
381:
2786:
971:
in the 1990s is not clear as semi-private and private black markets have arisen since then and some high-ranking officials may only be engaged in illicit trade for personal benefit.
259:
222:
367:
2322:
1262:
cigarettes had been identified in 1,300 incidents across the United States. Revenues from counterfeit cigarettes are estimated at between $ 80 million and $ 160 million a year.
1490:
According to the United
Nations Panel of Experts in April 2019, North Korea had developed a number of techniques and a complex web of organisations to enable it to evade the
2627:
1631:
reported a North Korean hacking group had tried to steal at least $ 1.1 billion in a series of attacks on global banks from 2014–2018, as uncovered by cybersecurity company
255:
218:
3735:
1293:. Countries which have North Korean forced laborers include Poland, Malta, Russia, China, Mongolia, and other places in Central Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.
637:
625:
396:
169:
1582:
The purposes of abduction ranges from using the abductees as translators/teachers, to become wives, and to obtain identities for other clandestine operations. During the
2513:
332:
1140:, since 2001 drug trafficking operations by diplomats had ceased, with the focus then becoming the production of drugs to be smuggled by other criminal organizations.
2180:
2412:
287:
1390:
In 2009, three vessels were intercepted which were carrying North Korean weapons. Western and Israeli intelligence officials believed the weapons were destined for
1204:
2290:
1112:
were prosecuted as part of a conspiracy involving North Korea to smuggle 40 pounds of methamphetamine into the United States and to sell it for $ 30,000 a pound.
3489:
153:
328:
3073:
1189:. The primary purpose of the redesign was to fight against counterfeiting and prevent the recurrence of the "supernotes" which were produced by North Korea.
3365:
3269:
361:
1462:, though the real number is considered to be much higher. North Korean defectors have also reported smuggling of rhino horn and ivory from countries like
17:
1814:
1674:(August 2017). Were the international community to fully enforce UNSC 1874, it is estimated that North Korea would lose between $ 1.5 and $ 3.7 billion.
149:
128:
117:
1331:
North Korea has a known track record in proliferating nuclear and missile technology and in 2001, missile sales came to $ 560 million. Following its
881:
212:
3540:
3693:
506:
1507:
is one of the North's largest cargo ships and it was first detained by Indonesia in April 2018 but is now in the possession of the United States.
1494:, particularly with regard to coal and oil. The techniques included falsification of documents and covert ship-to-ship transfers of cargo at sea.
1328:, some 90% of arms exports from North Korea went to Iran, and between 1981 and 1989, North Korea earned an estimated $ 4 billion from arms sales.
1286:
3562:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
173:
163:
2986:
1879:
2382:
1655:
372:
121:
1497:
In May 2019, the United States announced it had seized a North Korean cargo vessel for carrying a coal shipment in defiance of sanctions. The
1638:
In 2019, the UN panel of experts on North Korea released a report stating that $ 2 billion USD were raised through cybercriminal operations.
1515:
As well as illegal money-making ventures, North Korea has been condemned for politically motivated criminal acts related to the long-running
1503:
208:
2790:
1228:
of a man with 4,000 counterfeit Viagra pills, and a 2005 report from Japan that North Korea was producing fake Viagra pills in factories in
2443:
1576:
315:
2964:
2266:
2214:
943:
755:
690:
159:
2549:
737:
733:
3876:
3650:
2761:
1416:
1196:
is the primary treaty whereby states agree to criminalize acts of currency counterfeiting. North Korea is not a party to the treaty.
1137:
827:
717:
516:
427:
1685:. The embargo and related sanctions have been extended to combat North Korea's various illicit activities and continued aggression.
1006:
under its control. By 2009, the office allegedly had upwards of $ 5 billion in assets, much of which was spread in banks throughout
1587:
560:
555:
550:
3027:
2631:
2602:
1986:
1375:
As of 2010, trade in banned small arms and ammunition was relatively insignificant. Reports include: imports totaling $ 45,500 by
1129:
in Egypt, and in that same year, embassy employees from Bulgaria were arrested in Turkey in possession of over 500,000 tablets of
3192:
3127:
1678:
1442:
and components for another 6,000. It was ordered and paid by a private Egyptian business, but it is believed that it was for the
600:
415:
144:
2157:
3380:
2654:
854:
2040:
1980:
1186:
1098:(known as "ice drug" in North Korea) use in the country surfaced in the late 1990s. According to Isaac Stone Fish writing in
1021:, which is suspected of being under control of Room 39, was reported to have defected to Russia taking $ 5 million with him.
874:
3243:
1232:, which were then sold in Hong Kong to customers of other Southeast-Asian countries (including China), and the Middle East.
3851:
3686:
2241:
1738:
1173:'s direction; however, the notes produced at the time were not of high quality. Since then, and within the jurisdiction of
1025:
277:
3462:
3866:
2004:
1586:
North Korea abducted an estimated 82,959 South Koreans, and in the post-war period South Korea claims that a further 489
1498:
282:
132:
1401:
In December 2009, Thailand intercepted a charter jet from Pyongyang carrying 35 tons of conventional weapons, including
968:
3718:
2571:
2420:
1846:
934:, and other areas. It is alleged many of these activities are undertaken at the direction and under the control of the
3222:
2742:
3802:
2846:
2490:
1925:
1242:
582:
577:
572:
308:
3830:
1471:
1271:
867:
710:
3077:
3886:
3679:
1704:
1647:
1612:
1203:
has described the evidence for the counterfeiting of superdollars as merely circumstantial. Gregory Elich of the
3435:
3355:
3145:
3856:
3408:
3164:
1332:
1001:
Room 39 (or Office 39) is the primary government organization that seeks ways to maintain the foreign currency
822:
668:
86:
3881:
3871:
3861:
2686:
1548:
1491:
657:
631:
617:
421:
3762:
1969:
Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency, Committee for Human Rights in North Korea
1324:
countries, exporting relatively inexpensive, technically unsophisticated, but reliable weapons. During the
1290:
745:
679:
302:
2910:
3780:
1528:
797:
491:
473:
357:
57:
3587:
2109:
2057:
3713:
3047:
2937:"A North Korean ship was seized off Egypt with a huge cache of weapons destined for a surprising buyer"
2134:
1758:
1077:
939:
903:
760:
111:
3566:
2469:
2083:
3757:
3588:"Treasury Designates Financial Institution Involved in Facilitating North Korea's Illicit Activities"
1743:
1439:
1121:
article, annual revenues from methamphetamine sales are estimated at $ 100 million to $ 200 million.
1084:
for his use. Unlike most companies, Ryugyong Corporation has no import or export quota restrictions.
807:
792:
3812:
3661:
2748:
802:
612:
536:
352:
321:
3514:
3284:
3218:
3008:
1748:
1402:
935:
34:
3613:
Chestnut, Sheena (2007). "Illicit Activity and Proliferation: North Korean Smuggling Networks".
2787:"Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children"
2717:
1115:
In 2001, income from illegal drugs amounted to between $ 500 million and $ 1 billion. In a 2013
3807:
3702:
3660:. Vol. 1. Washington: United States Department of State. 2017. p. 143. Archived from
1770:
1615:(FBI) formally stated that they had connected the North Korean government to the cyber-attack.
1208:
951:
479:
467:
3767:
3740:
2032:
1536:
1220:
There have been a few cases of North Korea being implicated in the production of counterfeit
750:
2553:
3413:
2135:"Treasury Designates Key Nodes of the Illicit Financing Network of North Korea's Office 39"
1775:
1454:
Over the past three decades, at least 18 North Korean diplomats have been caught smuggling
1380:
1259:
923:
773:
2882:"North Korea's Second Nuclear Test: Implications of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1874"
8:
3335:. National Association for the Rescue of Japanese Kidnapped by North Korea. December 2006
2941:
2816:
2353:
1427:
1182:
1088:
1037:
1967:
3723:
3638:
3385:
3360:
3169:
2576:
2474:
1851:
1753:
1725:
1607:
1258:
cigarettes. Official congressional testimony in 2006 revealed that North Korea-sourced
1225:
1073:
899:
848:
817:
3099:
1241:
relocated to North Korea. During a 2006 Congressional hearing, Peter A. Prahar of the
1107:
China officially admitted to the drug problem stemming from North Korea in 2004, with
3630:
3196:
3174:
2323:"Police search home of Chongryon leader over suspected North Korea mushroom shipment"
2298:
2188:
2036:
1976:
1921:
1887:
1325:
919:
907:
3642:
3246:. Japanese Government Headquarters for the Abduction Issue. May 2011. Archived from
2662:
1482:. Such illegal activity is considered low-risk but highly rewarding for the regime.
3772:
3728:
3622:
2537:
1693:
1620:
1556:
1207:
has argued that these allegations are unfounded. According to Elich, North Korea's
1144:
911:
1918:
Criminal Sovereignty: Understanding North Korea's Illicit International Activities
1627:, from which money is first stolen and subsequently laundered. On 8 October 2018,
3247:
2327:
1532:
1516:
1278:
1117:
1095:
768:
3490:"Inside the international sting operation to catch North Korean crypto hackers"
2354:"North Korea's Huge Role In Global Meth Trade Revealed In Insane Criminal Case"
1689:
1628:
1624:
1540:
1108:
1100:
915:
442:
343:
184:
3626:
1692:
section 311, $ 25 million of North Korea's cash was frozen in the Macau-based
3845:
3634:
3178:
2383:"The DPRK is capitalist when it wants to be: the story of Drugs Incorporated"
2302:
2192:
2110:"Kim Jong-un Estimated To Have Up To $ 5 Billion In Secret Overseas Accounts"
1891:
1443:
1200:
1045:
984:
501:
268:
246:
199:
3356:"North Korean Hackers Stole U.S.-South Korean Military Plans, Lawmaker Says"
2718:"Trafficking in Persons Report 2014: KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF"
2965:"UN report to shed new light on Egypt's role in North Korean weapons sales"
1700:
1600:
1552:
1475:
1282:
927:
723:
496:
3658:
International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Drug and Chemical Control
2881:
2514:"Report: North Korea ordered its foreign diplomats to become drug dealers"
1547:
In 2017, North Korea was relisted as a terrorist state in response to the
3671:
3409:"White House is treating Sony hack as 'serious national security matter'"
2628:"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency"
1780:
1321:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1081:
1062:
521:
511:
484:
452:
432:
241:
231:
194:
189:
179:
137:
96:
91:
3048:"North Korea's Kim orders stronger strike power; U.S. seizes cargo ship"
1017:
In August 2014, Yun Tae-hyong, a senior representative of North Korea's
43:
3751:
3244:"Individual Cases – 17 Abductees Identified by the Government of Japan"
2005:"Dangerous, isolated and primed for war? North Korean clichés debunked"
1880:"North Korean diplomats linked to lucrative rhino horn trade in Africa"
1815:"DPRK Briefing Book : Curtailing North Korea's Illicit Activities"
1682:
1583:
1479:
1455:
1194:
International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency
1126:
1002:
2028:
The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia
1915:
1696:, which the US Treasury said North Korea used for illicit activities.
3790:
3467:
1391:
1251:
1049:
1041:
1011:
931:
3146:"North Korea crisis could increase risk of larger attacks from ISIS"
3128:"Hamas thanks N. Korea for its support against 'Israeli occupation'"
2491:"Drug Trafficking from North Korea: Implications for Chinese Policy"
2291:"North Korea is losing a crucial source of income: Koreans in Japan"
1169:
Counterfeiting currency is alleged to have begun in the 1970s under
3785:
3310:
3195:. Japanese Government Internet TV. January 23, 2009. Archived from
3104:
2987:"Diplomats and Deceit: North Korea's Criminal Activities in Africa"
2087:
1733:
1467:
1446:. The value of this order and others is estimated at $ 23 million.
1431:
1356:
1352:
1229:
1130:
1072:
To provide a cover of legitimacy, the North Korean government uses
3165:"Trump Returns North Korea to List of State Sponsors of Terrorism"
3028:"How North Korea's sanctions evasion at sea has evolved over time"
3009:"North Korea said to be revitalising African wildlife trafficking"
3541:"North Korea Hackers Tried to Take $ 1.1 Billion in Bank Attacks"
3032:
2181:"UK freezes assets of North Korean company based in south London"
1632:
1531:
list for supplying groups with weapons and for their role in the
1360:
1348:
1344:
1174:
996:
3332:
3796:
1463:
1426:
In August 2016, US intelligence tracked a ship sailing under a
1384:
1376:
1221:
76:
3219:"North Korea rejects DNA link to Megumi Yokota abduction case"
3651:"Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea)"
2155:
1564:
1563:, and it backing Islamic terrorist organizations, especially
1459:
1435:
1409:
1395:
1340:
1247:
1066:
1007:
947:
65:
2911:"Front companies, embassies mask North Korean weapons trade"
1367:
were all suspected to have bought weapons from North Korea.
942:, with their proceeds going towards advancing the country's
1560:
1420:
1364:
2847:"North Korea's Weapons Trade: A Look At A Global Business"
3439:
3285:"North Korea's kidnap victims return home after 25 years"
1383:
in 2006, $ 364,400 by Ethiopia in 2005, and $ 121,400 by
1076:, like the Ryugyong Corporation under the control of the
3379:
Sanger, David E.; Perlroth, Nicole (December 17, 2014).
1603:
and other hacking attacks in South Korea and elsewhere.
2994:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
2158:"North Korean leader's money manager defects in Russia"
1434:, with a North Korean crew sailing from North Korea to
3515:"Kim Jong Un's cyber army raises cash for North Korea"
3461:
Weise, Elizabeth; Johnson, Kevin (December 19, 2014).
2603:"New $ 100 bill: why North Korea won't be very happy"
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2687:"- NORTH KOREA: ILLICIT ACTIVITY FUNDING THE REGIME"
2137:. U.S. Department of the Treasury. November 18, 2010
1715:
1215:
3563:"The Incredible Rise of North Korea's Hacking Army"
1916:Kan, Paul; Bechton, Bruce; Collins, Robert (2010).
3163:Shear, Michael D.; Sanger, David E. (2017-11-20).
2818:North Korea: The Foundations for Military Strength
2723:. U.S. Department of State. 2014. pp. 231–232
2240:
2213:
1619:military services. Targets include foreign banks,
3590:. U.S. Department of the Treasury. April 19, 2011
3512:
3372:
2703:
2156:Ju-min Park and James Pearson (August 29, 2014).
3843:
2879:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
1965:
1677:Since 1950, the United States has maintained an
1510:
1087:According to defector Yoon Yong-sol, during the
1052:on its soil to raise funds back to North Korea.
1042:General Association of Korean Residents in Japan
3308:
2789:. United Nations. April 9, 2014. Archived from
2351:
2267:"Pyongyang's 'nuclear spies' – DW – 04/03/2017"
1588:South Koreans have been abducted by North Korea
1250:, though defectors also mentioned a factory in
3378:
3076:. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from
2242:"Secrets of Kim's little house in the suburbs"
1577:North Korea abducted several Japanese citizens
1297:doing nor do they receive pay for their work.
3687:
3071:
2908:
2488:
2397:
2215:"Kim cooked up 'nuclear cash' in the suburbs"
1812:
875:
3513:White, Edward; Kang Buseong (18 June 2019).
3460:
3270:"Les captives étrangèresde la Corée du Nord"
2569:
2081:
2020:
2018:
1844:
1031:
896:illicit activities of the North Korean state
3463:"FBI confirms North Korea behind Sony hack"
3162:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2552:. News.com.au. 6 March 2006. Archived from
2444:"How North Korea got itself hooked on meth"
2376:
2374:
2107:
2031:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
1570:
1316:During the 1980s, North Korea emerged as a
1143:In 2003, the North Korean owned cargo ship
3826:
3701:
3694:
3680:
3333:"North Korean Abduction Victims Worldwide"
2904:
2902:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2600:
2511:
2467:
2441:
2347:
2345:
2055:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1641:
1304:North Korea is not a party to the 2000 UN
980:are directed by North Korea's government.
946:, funding the lifestyles of the country's
882:
868:
2984:
2565:
2563:
2413:"Inside North Korea's Crystal Meth Trade"
2015:
1417:North Korean cargo ship seizure in Panama
1235:
1138:Committee for Human Rights in North Korea
967:the drug trade after the collapse of the
3612:
3381:"U.S. Links North Korea to Sony Hacking"
3353:
2833:
2810:
2808:
2371:
1840:
1838:
1836:
944:nuclear and conventional arms production
3282:
3006:
2934:
2899:
2864:
2342:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1793:
1024:In 2015, the European Union placed the
14:
3844:
3538:
3272:. 21 April 2008 – via Le Figaro.
2655:"North Korea and the Supernote Enigma"
2596:
2594:
2560:
2411:Iasac Stone Fish (November 21, 2013).
2238:
2211:
2024:
1992:from the original on 3 September 2014.
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1544:called for the nation to be relisted.
1527:In 1988, North Korea was added to the
974:
27:Illegal activities done by North Korea
3675:
3406:
3368:from the original on 12 October 2017.
3025:
2980:
2978:
2962:
2805:
2681:
2679:
2652:
2380:
2178:
2002:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1877:
1833:
1821:from the original on 5 September 2014
900:manufacture and sale of illegal drugs
18:North Korea's illicit activities
3436:"FBI — Update on Sony Investigation"
3283:McCurry, Justin (October 16, 2002).
3120:
3007:Pilling, David (22 September 2017).
2985:Rademeyer, Julian (September 2017).
1739:Human experimentation in North Korea
1485:
1265:
278:Organization and Guidance Department
3407:Bacle, Ariana (December 18, 2014).
3311:"Why North Koreans Were Kidnappers"
3309:Brendan Koerner (August 27, 2003).
3193:"Abduction – An Unforgivable Crime"
2880:Mary Beth Nitkin (April 15, 2010).
2821:. Defense Intelligence Agency. 1991
2591:
2468:Stone Fish, Isaac (8 August 2011).
1934:
283:Propaganda and Agitation Department
24:
3606:
3354:Sang-hun, Choe (10 October 2017).
3221:. Associated Press. Archived from
3100:"N Korea taken off US terror list"
2975:
2744:Trafficking in Persons Report 2019
2676:
2489:Yong-an Zhang (December 3, 2010).
1904:
1654:and its weapons program including
25:
3898:
3746:Illicit activities of North Korea
3539:Onaran, Yalman (8 October 2018).
2352:Keegan Hamilton (April 4, 2014).
1813:Balbina Hwang (August 25, 2003).
1449:
1224:. These include a 2004 arrest in
1216:Counterfeit legal pharmaceuticals
1153:
1026:Korean National Insurance Company
983:According to North Korea scholar
3877:Foreign relations of North Korea
3825:
2935:Warrick, Joby (1 October 2017).
2909:James Pearson (March 11, 2014).
2887:. Congressional Research Service
2653:Elich, Gregory (14 April 2008).
2630:. United Nations. Archived from
2082:Kim Yong Hun (August 30, 2010).
1859:from the original on 27 May 2024
1718:
1472:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1272:Human trafficking in North Korea
842:
42:
3580:
3555:
3532:
3506:
3482:
3454:
3428:
3400:
3347:
3325:
3302:
3276:
3262:
3236:
3211:
3185:
3156:
3138:
3092:
3072:Vikaas Sharma (June 28, 2008).
3065:
3040:
3019:
3000:
2956:
2928:
2779:
2754:
2735:
2646:
2620:
2542:
2531:
2505:
2482:
2470:"The Black Hole of North Korea"
2461:
2435:
2315:
2283:
2259:
2232:
2205:
2172:
2149:
2127:
2101:
2084:"What Is the No.39 Department?"
1920:. Strategic Studies Institute.
1681:for their role in starting the
1652:resolutions against North Korea
1648:United Nations Security Council
1613:Federal Bureau of Investigation
2601:Mike Eckel (October 8, 2013).
2570:Stephen Mihm (July 23, 2006).
2442:Max Fisher (August 21, 2013).
2239:Gadher, Dispesh (2017-04-23).
2108:Adam Taylor (March 13, 2013).
2075:
2049:
2003:Smith, Hazel (27 April 2015).
1996:
1871:
1845:Stephen Mihm (July 23, 2006).
1379:in 2007, $ 3.1 million by the
1065:sanctioned the creation of an
902:, the manufacture and sale of
13:
1:
3074:"State Sponsors: North Korea"
2845:Foster Klug (July 17, 2013).
2768:(in Polish). 15 November 2015
2550:"Drug ship officers set free"
2512:Max Fisher (March 22, 2013).
2212:Gadher, Dipesh (2017-04-23).
2056:David Rose (August 5, 2009).
1786:
1511:Politically motivated actions
1311:
1055:
3026:Byrne, Leo (10 April 2019).
2963:Ryall, Julian (2018-03-04).
2538:Pong Su incident - Knowledge
2179:Booth, Robert (2017-04-23).
2058:"North Korea's Dollar Store"
1878:Ryall, Julian (2016-07-13).
1522:
1370:
1285:. Forced labor is used both
7:
3852:Human rights in North Korea
3781:Rason Special Economic Zone
1711:
1679:embargo against North Korea
1559:, close relationships with
1529:State Sponsors of Terrorism
1158:
957:
718:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
256:Central Auditing Commission
219:Central Military Commission
10:
3903:
3867:Illegal drug trade in Asia
1759:WannaCry ransomware attack
1593:
1438:was found carrying 24,000
1269:
1162:
994:
990:
969:Public Distribution System
904:counterfeit consumer goods
382:Central Public Prosecutors
3821:
3758:Kaesong Industrial Region
3709:
3627:10.1162/isec.2007.32.1.80
2607:Christian Science Monitor
2572:"No Ordinary Counterfeit"
2385:. New Focus International
2381:Staff (August 18, 2012).
1966:Greitens, Sheena (2014).
1847:"No Ordinary Counterfeit"
1744:Corruption in North Korea
1440:rocket-propelled grenades
1320:arms trader to primarily
1061:village of Yonsah, where
1032:Zainichi Koreans in Japan
303:Supreme People's Assembly
83:("military-first" policy)
2749:U.S. Department of State
1571:International abductions
601:Administrative divisions
416:State Affairs Commission
2493:. Brookings Institution
2025:Lankov, Andrei (2015).
1817:. Heritage Foundation.
1749:Bangladesh Bank robbery
1642:International responses
1575:Between 1977 and 1983,
1539:. In 2008 US President
1412:on their way to Syria.
1403:surface-to-air missiles
940:Workers' Party of Korea
936:North Korean government
920:counterfeiting currency
288:United Front Department
112:Workers' Party of Korea
35:Politics of North Korea
3887:Economy of North Korea
3831:North Korean companies
3703:Economy of North Korea
3615:International Security
2762:"Szabla dla dyktatora"
2659:Korea Policy Institute
1771:Economy of North Korea
1699:In 2010, US President
1501:said the 17,061-tonne
1236:Counterfeit cigarettes
1205:Korea Policy Institute
950:, and propping up the
849:North Korea portal
734:Diplomatic missions of
3857:Nuclear proliferation
1537:Korean Air Flight 858
1423:weapons) took place.
439:First Vice President
3882:Crime in North Korea
3872:Terrorism by country
3862:Political corruption
3414:Entertainment Weekly
3250:on September 6, 2018
3199:on December 16, 2018
2556:on 15 December 2007.
2423:on November 11, 2014
1776:Crime in North Korea
1672:UNSC Resolution 2371
1668:UNSC Resolution 2094
1660:UNSC Resolution 1695
1650:has passed multiple
1492:sanctions against it
1381:United Arab Emirates
1078:Korean Workers Party
952:North Korean economy
924:United States dollar
916:wildlife trafficking
774:Korean reunification
3719:Automotive industry
3442:. December 19, 2014
2942:The Washington Post
2634:on January 24, 2020
1688:In 2005, under the
1656:UNSC Resolution 825
1535:and the bombing of
1243:Department of State
1183:American University
1038:Japanese government
975:Critical assessment
697:(workers' district)
3803:Telecommunications
3724:Sungri Motor Plant
3386:The New York Times
3361:The New York Times
3170:The New York Times
3108:. October 11, 2008
2793:on October 1, 2014
2577:The New York Times
2475:The New York Times
1852:The New York Times
1754:Sony Pictures hack
1726:North Korea portal
1608:Sony Pictures hack
1555:, its role in the
1499:Justice Department
1226:Seoul, South Korea
1019:Korea Daesong Bank
813:Illicit activities
329:Standing Committee
3839:
3838:
3773:North Korean won
3132:timesofisrael.com
2042:978-0-19-939003-8
1982:978-0-9856480-2-2
1670:(March 2013) and
1621:microtransactions
1486:Evading sanctions
1333:2006 nuclear test
1266:Human trafficking
1136:According to the
908:human trafficking
892:
891:
828:Security Ministry
756:Visa requirements
711:Foreign relations
543:Recent elections
150:Central Committee
129:General Secretary
16:(Redirected from
3894:
3829:
3828:
3776:
3729:Pyeonghwa Motors
3696:
3689:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3655:
3646:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3565:. Archived from
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2877:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2842:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2758:
2752:
2751:(June 17, 2020).
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2714:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2661:. Archived from
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2598:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2546:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2419:. Archived from
2408:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2358:Business Insider
2349:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2247:The Sunday Times
2244:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2220:The Sunday Times
2217:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2114:Business Insider
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1974:
1963:
1932:
1931:
1913:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1842:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1810:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1694:Banco Delta Asia
1625:cryptocurrencies
1557:Syrian Civil War
1428:convenience flag
922:(especially the
912:arms trafficking
884:
877:
870:
847:
846:
845:
696:
685:
674:
663:
646:
643:
318:
82:
72:(state ideology)
71:
46:
30:
29:
21:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3817:
3774:
3763:Migrant workers
3705:
3700:
3664:
3653:
3649:
3609:
3607:Further reading
3604:
3603:
3593:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3572:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3519:Financial Times
3511:
3507:
3498:
3496:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3377:
3373:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3307:
3303:
3294:
3292:
3281:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3228:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3161:
3157:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3080:on May 23, 2013
3070:
3066:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3024:
3020:
3013:Financial Times
3005:
3001:
2989:
2983:
2976:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2851:Huffington Post
2843:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2741:"North Korea".
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2599:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2568:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2518:Washington Post
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2487:
2483:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2448:Washington Post
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2409:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2350:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2328:The Japan Times
2321:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2295:Washington Post
2289:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2251:
2249:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2210:
2206:
2197:
2195:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2023:
2016:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1972:
1964:
1935:
1928:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1894:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1843:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1794:
1789:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1705:Executive Order
1644:
1596:
1573:
1533:Rangoon bombing
1525:
1517:Korean conflict
1513:
1488:
1452:
1373:
1314:
1279:sex trafficking
1274:
1268:
1238:
1218:
1187:100 dollar bill
1167:
1161:
1156:
1118:Washington Post
1096:methamphetamine
1074:front companies
1058:
1034:
999:
993:
977:
960:
938:and the ruling
888:
859:
855:Other countries
843:
841:
836:
835:
834:
787:
779:
778:
769:Korean conflict
765:
746:Nationality law
742:
730:
713:
703:
702:
694:
683:
672:
661:
644:
641:
603:
593:
592:
587:
565:
549:Parliamentary:
539:
529:
528:
470:
460:
459:
449:Vice President
418:
408:
407:
314:
305:
295:
294:
114:
104:
103:
87:Eternal leaders
80:
69:
60:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3900:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:on 2017-05-04.
3647:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3579:
3554:
3531:
3505:
3481:
3453:
3427:
3399:
3371:
3346:
3324:
3301:
3275:
3261:
3235:
3210:
3184:
3155:
3137:
3119:
3091:
3064:
3039:
3018:
2999:
2974:
2955:
2927:
2898:
2863:
2832:
2804:
2778:
2753:
2734:
2702:
2675:
2645:
2619:
2590:
2559:
2541:
2530:
2504:
2481:
2460:
2434:
2417:Foreign Policy
2396:
2370:
2341:
2314:
2297:. 2021-12-01.
2282:
2258:
2231:
2204:
2171:
2148:
2126:
2100:
2074:
2048:
2041:
2014:
1995:
1981:
1933:
1926:
1903:
1870:
1832:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1713:
1710:
1690:US Patriot Act
1643:
1640:
1595:
1592:
1572:
1569:
1541:George W. Bush
1524:
1521:
1512:
1509:
1487:
1484:
1451:
1450:Wildlife trade
1448:
1372:
1369:
1313:
1310:
1270:Main article:
1267:
1264:
1260:Marlboro brand
1237:
1234:
1217:
1214:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1154:Counterfeiting
1152:
1109:Jilin Province
1101:Foreign Policy
1057:
1054:
1044:of conducting
1033:
1030:
1014:, and Europe.
995:Main article:
992:
989:
976:
973:
959:
956:
890:
889:
887:
886:
879:
872:
864:
861:
860:
858:
857:
851:
838:
837:
833:
832:
831:
830:
825:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
788:
786:Related topics
785:
784:
781:
780:
777:
776:
771:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
741:
740:
738:in North Korea
729:
728:
727:
726:
714:
709:
708:
705:
704:
701:
700:
699:
698:
687:
676:
675:(neighborhood)
665:
649:
648:
647:
634:
622:
621:
620:
618:Special cities
615:
604:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
589:
588:
586:
585:
580:
575:
568:
566:
564:
563:
558:
553:
546:
540:
535:
534:
531:
530:
527:
526:
525:
524:
519:
514:
509:
507:Kim Song-ryong
504:
499:
489:
488:
487:
471:
466:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
456:
455:
447:
446:
445:
443:Choe Ryong-hae
437:
436:
435:
419:
414:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
404:
403:
402:
401:
400:
399:
379:
378:
377:
376:
375:
350:
349:
348:
347:
346:
344:Choe Ryong-hae
326:
325:
324:
306:
301:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
291:
290:
285:
280:
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
253:
252:
251:
250:
249:
244:
238:Vice Chairman
236:
235:
234:
216:
206:
205:
204:
203:
202:
197:
192:
187:
185:Choe Ryong-hae
182:
147:
142:
141:
140:
133:Supreme Leader
115:
110:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
100:
99:
94:
84:
73:
61:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3899:
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3873:
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3754:
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3734:
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3725:
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3708:
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3692:
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3677:
3674:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3621:(1): 80–111.
3620:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3589:
3583:
3569:on 2021-12-19
3568:
3564:
3558:
3542:
3535:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3403:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3334:
3328:
3312:
3305:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3271:
3265:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3225:on 2013-06-22
3224:
3220:
3214:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3159:
3152:. 2017-08-11.
3151:
3147:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3079:
3075:
3068:
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3049:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2979:
2970:
2969:The Telegraph
2966:
2959:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2916:
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2905:
2903:
2883:
2876:
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2809:
2792:
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2767:
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2747:
2745:
2738:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2665:on 2019-08-31
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2595:
2579:
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2573:
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2492:
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2477:
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2414:
2407:
2405:
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2384:
2377:
2375:
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2330:
2329:
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2318:
2304:
2300:
2296:
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2262:
2248:
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2235:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2159:
2152:
2136:
2130:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2089:
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2078:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2030:
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2021:
2019:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1927:9781584874324
1923:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:The Telegraph
1881:
1874:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1820:
1816:
1809:
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1799:
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1766:
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1697:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:(June 2009),
1665:
1662:(July 2006),
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1601:cyber-attacks
1591:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
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1545:
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1493:
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1457:
1447:
1445:
1444:Egyptian Army
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
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1399:
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1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
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1334:
1329:
1327:
1326:Iran–Iraq War
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1263:
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1255:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:Andrei Lankov
1197:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1141:
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1134:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:illicit trade
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1004:
998:
988:
986:
985:Andrei Lankov
981:
972:
970:
964:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
885:
880:
878:
873:
871:
866:
865:
863:
862:
856:
853:
852:
850:
840:
839:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
819:
816:
814:
811:
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806:
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791:
790:
783:
782:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
762:
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757:
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749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
735:
732:
731:
725:
721:
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719:
716:
715:
712:
707:
706:
693:
692:
688:
682:
681:
677:
671:
670:
666:
660:
659:
655:
654:
653:
650:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
629:
628:
627:
623:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
606:
605:
602:
597:
596:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
570:
569:
567:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
548:
547:
545:
544:
542:
541:
538:
533:
532:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
502:Jon Hyon-chol
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
490:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
477:
476:
475:
469:
464:
463:
454:
451:
450:
448:
444:
441:
440:
438:
434:
431:
430:
429:
426:
425:
424:
423:
417:
412:
411:
398:
397:Kim Myong-gil
395:
394:
393:
390:
389:
387:
383:
380:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
365:
363:
359:
358:Central Court
356:
355:
354:
351:
345:
342:
341:
340:
337:
336:
334:
330:
327:
323:
320:
319:
317:
313:
312:
311:
310:
304:
299:
298:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
270:
269:Kim Jae-ryong
267:
266:
264:
263:
261:
257:
254:
248:
247:Ri Pyong-chol
245:
243:
240:
239:
237:
233:
230:
229:
227:
226:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
207:
201:
200:Ri Pyong-chol
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
175:
171:
168:
167:
165:
161:
158:
157:
155:
151:
148:
146:
143:
139:
136:
135:
134:
130:
127:
126:
125:
123:
119:
113:
108:
107:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
79:
78:
74:
68:
67:
63:
62:
59:
54:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
3795:
3750:
3745:
3736:Central Bank
3662:the original
3657:
3618:
3614:
3594:September 3,
3592:. Retrieved
3582:
3571:. Retrieved
3567:the original
3557:
3545:. Retrieved
3534:
3524:18 September
3522:. Retrieved
3518:
3508:
3497:. Retrieved
3493:
3484:
3474:December 19,
3472:. Retrieved
3466:
3456:
3446:December 22,
3444:. Retrieved
3430:
3420:December 18,
3418:. Retrieved
3412:
3402:
3392:December 17,
3390:. Retrieved
3384:
3374:
3359:
3349:
3339:September 4,
3337:. Retrieved
3327:
3317:September 4,
3315:. Retrieved
3304:
3293:. Retrieved
3289:The Guardian
3288:
3278:
3264:
3254:September 4,
3252:. Retrieved
3248:the original
3238:
3227:. Retrieved
3223:the original
3213:
3203:September 4,
3201:. Retrieved
3197:the original
3187:
3168:
3158:
3150:mirror.co.uk
3149:
3140:
3131:
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3103:
3094:
3084:September 4,
3082:. Retrieved
3078:the original
3067:
3056:. Retrieved
3054:. 2019-05-10
3051:
3042:
3031:
3021:
3012:
3002:
2993:
2968:
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2940:
2930:
2920:September 3,
2918:. Retrieved
2914:
2891:September 3,
2889:. Retrieved
2856:September 3,
2854:. Retrieved
2850:
2825:September 3,
2823:. Retrieved
2817:
2797:September 4,
2795:. Retrieved
2791:the original
2781:
2770:. Retrieved
2765:
2756:
2743:
2737:
2727:September 4,
2725:. Retrieved
2694:. Retrieved
2690:
2667:. Retrieved
2663:the original
2658:
2648:
2636:. Retrieved
2632:the original
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2606:
2581:. Retrieved
2575:
2554:the original
2544:
2533:
2523:September 3,
2521:. Retrieved
2517:
2507:
2497:September 3,
2495:. Retrieved
2484:
2473:
2463:
2453:September 3,
2451:. Retrieved
2447:
2437:
2427:September 3,
2425:. Retrieved
2421:the original
2416:
2387:. Retrieved
2361:. Retrieved
2357:
2333:. Retrieved
2331:. 2015-03-26
2326:
2317:
2306:. Retrieved
2294:
2285:
2274:. Retrieved
2270:
2261:
2250:. Retrieved
2246:
2234:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:
2207:
2196:. Retrieved
2185:The Guardian
2184:
2174:
2164:September 3,
2162:. Retrieved
2151:
2141:September 3,
2139:. Retrieved
2129:
2119:September 4,
2117:. Retrieved
2113:
2103:
2093:September 4,
2091:. Retrieved
2077:
2067:September 4,
2065:. Retrieved
2061:
2051:
2026:
2009:The Guardian
2008:
1998:
1968:
1917:
1895:. Retrieved
1883:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1850:
1823:. Retrieved
1764:
1763:
1701:Barack Obama
1698:
1687:
1676:
1658:(May 1993),
1645:
1637:
1617:
1605:
1597:
1581:
1574:
1553:Kim Jong-nam
1546:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1496:
1489:
1476:South Africa
1453:
1425:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1389:
1374:
1337:
1330:
1317:
1315:
1306:TIP Protocol
1303:
1299:
1295:
1283:forced labor
1275:
1256:
1239:
1219:
1198:
1191:
1168:
1145:
1142:
1135:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1071:
1059:
1040:accused the
1035:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1000:
982:
978:
965:
961:
928:Chinese yuan
895:
894:The alleged
893:
812:
798:Human rights
724:Choe Son-hui
695:
689:
684:
678:
673:
667:
662:
656:
651:
642:
636:
626:Second-level
624:
607:
497:Pak Jong-gun
492:Vice Premier
472:
420:
373:Kang Yun-sok
307:
116:
81:
75:
70:
64:
58:Constitution
3714:Agriculture
3543:. Bloomberg
3313:. Slate.com
2948:25 November
2766:Newsweek.pl
2691:www.gpo.gov
2062:Vanity Fair
1781:Mafia state
1504:Wise Honest
1415:In 2013, a
1322:Third World
1179:superdollar
1171:Kim Jong Il
1165:Superdollar
1094:Reports of
1082:Kim Jong Il
1063:Kim Il Sung
823:Enforcement
761:Visa policy
652:Third-level
608:First-level
522:Ju Chol-gyu
512:Ri Song-hak
485:Kim Tok-hun
453:Kim Tok-hun
433:Kim Jong Un
322:Pak In-chol
242:Ri Yong-gil
232:Kim Jong Un
209:Secretariat
195:Kim Tok-hun
190:Jo Yong-won
180:Kim Jong Un
138:Kim Jong Un
97:Kim Jong Il
92:Kim Il Sung
3846:Categories
3775:(currency)
3752:Jangmadang
3573:2021-12-19
3499:2023-04-09
3295:2006-05-01
3229:2006-05-01
3058:2019-05-10
2772:2020-02-12
2696:2018-03-27
2669:2019-08-31
2335:2024-01-26
2308:2024-01-26
2276:2024-01-26
2252:2017-04-23
2225:2017-04-23
2198:2017-04-23
1897:2018-03-27
1787:References
1683:Korean War
1606:After the
1584:Korean War
1480:Mozambique
1470:, and the
1456:rhino horn
1419:(carrying
1312:Arms trade
1291:externally
1287:internally
1163:See also:
1127:clonazepam
1056:Drug trade
1003:slush fund
808:Propaganda
803:Kim family
793:Censorship
722:Minister:
3813:Transport
3791:Sili Bank
3635:0162-2889
3547:9 October
3468:USA Today
3179:0362-4331
2389:April 26,
2303:0190-8286
2193:0261-3077
2160:. Reuters
1892:0307-1235
1664:UNSC 1874
1629:Bloomberg
1523:Terrorism
1392:Hezbollah
1387:in 2005.
1371:Incidents
1252:Pyongyang
1246:based in
1150:charges.
1050:espionage
1012:Hong Kong
932:terrorism
691:Rodonjagu
686:(village)
613:Provinces
537:Elections
474:14th term
428:President
422:14th term
368:President
353:Judiciary
309:14th term
265:Chairman
228:Chairman
170:Presidium
160:Politburo
3786:Ryonbong
3643:57559037
3366:Archived
3291:. London
3112:April 9,
3105:BBC News
2638:April 9,
2612:April 8,
2583:April 9,
2363:April 8,
2088:Daily NK
1987:Archived
1863:April 9,
1857:Archived
1825:April 8,
1819:Archived
1765:General:
1734:Kippumjo
1712:See also
1468:Ethiopia
1432:Cambodia
1357:Ethiopia
1353:Tanzania
1230:Chongjin
1209:intaglio
1199:Analyst
1159:Currency
1131:Captagon
958:Overview
898:include
751:Passport
645:(county)
392:Director
339:Chairman
316:Chairman
118:Congress
3808:Tourism
3052:Reuters
3033:NK News
2915:Reuters
1703:signed
1633:FireEye
1594:Hacking
1361:Somalia
1349:Eritrea
1345:Myanmar
1175:Room 39
1146:Pong Su
997:Room 39
991:Room 39
571:Local:
517:Pak Hun
480:Premier
468:Cabinet
3797:Songun
3768:Mining
3741:Energy
3641:
3633:
3177:
2815:"3A".
2301:
2271:dw.com
2191:
2039:
1979:
1924:
1890:
1623:, and
1549:murder
1464:Angola
1385:Mexico
1377:Brazil
1222:Viagra
1089:famine
1069:farm.
664:(town)
632:cities
77:Songun
3665:(PDF)
3654:(PDF)
3639:S2CID
2990:(PDF)
2885:(PDF)
2721:(PDF)
1990:(PDF)
1973:(PDF)
1565:Hamas
1460:ivory
1436:Egypt
1421:Cuban
1410:Busan
1396:Hamas
1341:Syria
1318:legal
1248:Rason
1067:opium
1008:Macau
948:elite
145:Rules
66:Juche
3631:ISSN
3596:2014
3549:2018
3526:2019
3476:2014
3448:2014
3422:2014
3394:2014
3341:2014
3319:2014
3256:2014
3205:2014
3175:ISSN
3114:2014
3086:2014
2950:2017
2922:2014
2893:2014
2858:2014
2827:2014
2799:2014
2729:2014
2640:2014
2614:2014
2585:2014
2525:2014
2499:2014
2455:2014
2429:2014
2391:2014
2365:2014
2299:ISSN
2189:ISSN
2166:2014
2143:2014
2121:2014
2095:2014
2069:2014
2037:ISBN
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