73:
2185:
2161:, changed the conduct of war through their ability to motivate the populace and gain access to the full resources of the state, thus unleashing war on a greater scale than had previously been seen in Europe. Clausewitz believed that moral forces in battle had a significant influence on its outcome. Clausewitz was well-educated and had strong interests in art, history, science, and education. He was a professional soldier who spent a considerable part of his life fighting against Napoleon. In his lifetime, he had experienced both the
3741:
2223:("Notes of Confession"), he presents a more existential interpretation of war by envisioning war as the highest form of self-assertion by a people. That corresponded in every respect with the spirit of the time when the French Revolution and the conflicts that arose from it had caused the evolution of conscript armies and guerrillas. The people's armies supported the idea that war is an existential struggle.
2468:
Napoleonic era. These developments resulted (though the evolution of war has not yet ended) in the atomic bombing of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, with all the forces and capabilities of the state devoted to destroying forces and capabilities of the enemy state (thus "total war"). Conversely, Clausewitz has also been seen as "The preeminent military and political strategist of limited war in modern times".
33:
2467:
The book has been blamed for the level of destruction involved in the First and the Second World Wars, but it seems rather that
Clausewitz (who did not actually use the term "total war") had merely foreseen the inevitable developments that started with the huge, patriotically motivated armies of the
3105:
Wir behaupten dagegen, der Krieg ist nichts als eine
Fortsetzung des politischen Verkehrs mit Einmischung anderer Mittel. Wir sagen Einmischung anderer Mittel, um damit zugleich zu behaupten, dass dieser politische Verkehr durch den Krieg selbst nicht aufhört, nicht in etwas ganz anderes verwandelt
2502:
Previous kinds of conflict were demoted to criminal activities without legitimacy and not worthy of the label "war". Van
Creveld argues that "Clausewitzian war" requires the state to act in conjunction with the people and the army, the state becoming a massive engine built to exert military force
2293:
and in this context elaborated: ", we claim that war is nothing more than a continuation of the political process by applying other means. By applying other means we simultaneously assert that the political process does not end with the conclusion of the war or is being transformed into something
2455:
The "dualism" of
Clausewitz's view of war (that wars can vary a great deal between the two "poles" that he proposed, based on the political objectives of the opposing sides and the context) seems to be simple enough, but few commentators have been willing to accept that crucial variability. They
2205:
Clausewitz argued that war theory cannot be a strict operational advice for generals. Instead, he wanted to highlight general principles that would result from the study of history and logical thinking. He contended that military campaigns could be planned only to a very small degree because
2210:, would quickly make any too-detailed planning in advance obsolete. Military leaders must be capable to make decisions under time pressure with incomplete information since in his opinion "three quarters of the things on which action is built in war" are concealed and distorted by the
2499:, and mediaeval warfare is effectively ignored in Clausewitz's theory. He alleges that Clausewitz does not address any form of intra/supra-state conflict, such as rebellion and revolution, because he could not theoretically account for warfare before the existence of the state.
3744:
2136:
His ten-volume collected works contain most of his larger historical and theoretical writings, though not his shorter articles and papers or his extensive correspondence with important political, military, intellectual and cultural leaders in the
2305:
War must never be seen as having any purpose in itself but should be seen as a political instrument: "War is not merely a political act, but a real political instrument, a continuation of the political process, an application by other
2811:" This comment is tempered by the comment that the "ill-effects of Clausewitz's teaching arose largely from his disciples' too shallow and too extreme interpretation of it," but it remains an influential criticism. Extracted from
2301:, the "general message" of the book was that "the conduct of war could not be reduced to universal principles dominated by political decisions and moral forces." These basic conclusions are essential to Clausewitz's theory:
2226:
During the following years, however, Clausewitz gradually abandoned this exalted view and concluded that the war served as a mere instrument: "Thus, war is an act of violence in order to force our will upon the enemy."
2132:
is an unfinished work. Clausewitz had set about revising his accumulated manuscripts in 1827, but did not live to finish the task. His wife edited his collected works and published them between 1832 and 1835.
2309:
The military objectives in war that support one's political objectives fall into two broad types: "war to achieve limited aims" and war to "disarm" the enemy: "to render politically helpless or militarily
2452:), thinkers, armies, and peoples. Modern military doctrine, organization, and norms are all still based on Napoleonic premises, but whether the premises are necessarily also "Clausewitzian" is debatable.
2357:
2429:
Clausewitz used a dialectical method to construct his argument, which led to frequent modern misinterpretation because he explores various often-opposed ideas before he came to conclusions.
2271:(such as propaganda, economic sanctions and political isolation). Thus, any resource of the human body and mind and all the moral and physical powers of a state might serve as
3648:
2503:
against an identical opponent. He supports that statement by pointing to the conventional armies in existence throughout the 20th century. However, revolutionaries like
2398:
simplicity: Everything is very simple in war, but the simplest thing is difficult. These difficulties accumulate. The strength of any strategy lies in its simplicity.
2807:, which molded European military thought in the era preceding the First World War, had been blended with and balanced by a knowledge of Sun Tzu's exposition on
2803:
stated that "Civilization might have been spared much of the damage suffered in the world wars of this century if the influence of
Clausewitz's monumental tome
3337:
3671:
3452:
2495:, states historian Martin van Creveld, who alleges that Clausewitz takes the state "almost for granted", as he rarely looks at anything before the 1648
2169:. The insights he gained from his political and military experiences, combined with a solid grasp of European history, provided the basis for his work.
2705:
2313:
All else being equal, the course of war will tend to favor the party with the stronger emotional and political motivations, especially the defender.
3482:
2281:
That quote in itself allows for the interpretation that the military will take over from politics as soon as war has begun (as, for example, the
3274:
3419:
2294:
entirely different, but that it continues to exist and proceed in its essence, regardless of the structure of the means it makes use of ."
3815:
2816:
1016:
3645:
2762:
1448:
20:
3089:
3371:"CLAUSEWITZ IN ENGLISH - The Reception of Clausewitz in Britain and America - Chapter 15. J.F.C. Fuller and Basil Liddell Hart"
3247:
2820:
3795:
3596:
3582:
3568:
3311:
3119:
3063:
3033:
3006:
2911:
2859:
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3549:
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wird, sondern daß er sich in seinem Wesen fortbesteht, wir auch seine Mittel gestaltet sein mögen, deren er sich bedient, .
1804:
72:
2733:
1999:
1777:
387:
2456:
insist that
Clausewitz "really" argued for one end of the scale or the other. Some prominent critics have interpreted
3216:
3176:
3150:
2577:
2554:
1453:
3344:
3800:
2685:
1531:
2278:
One of
Clausewitz's best-known quotes summarizes that idea: "War is the continuation of policy with other means."
3790:
3638:
3620:
2176:
figure prominently for having made very efficient use of the terrain, movement and the forces at their disposal.
1876:
1514:
1301:
121:
3810:
1640:
3666:
Kornberger, Martin, and Anders
Engberg-Pedersen. "Reading Clausewitz, reimagining the practice of strategy."
3456:
2057:
1504:
3205:
Handel, Michael I. (12 November 2012) . "Clausewitz in the Age of
Technology". In Handel, Michael I. (ed.).
3825:
3820:
3699:
2745:
2669:
2658:
2412:
1994:
693:
453:
3736:. (2006, 2019). English translation of 1874 by Colonel J.J. Graham. Originally published in 1874 and 1909.
2004:
1191:
988:
859:
397:
3494:
3230:
Frederick the Great and Napoleon, the models for Clausewitz' military genius, were very different from
2607:
2569:
2561:
1468:
3396:
3805:
3591:
Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
3577:
Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
3563:
Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
2162:
1578:
1086:
430:
304:
138:
3659:
Hughes, R. Gerald. "Clausewitz, still the Master of War?: On Strategy in the Twenty-first Century."
2080:
2029:
1896:
1443:
1136:
949:
797:
3426:
2538:, 1943). This is viewed by some modern scholars as the most accurate existing English translation.
3370:
2318:
2173:
1982:
1964:
1720:
1279:
1201:
1146:
1026:
739:
402:
281:
2383:
in "real war," the distinctive poles of a) limited war and b) war to "render the enemy helpless"
3609:
3589:
The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2.
2929:"Clausewitz und die Französische Revolution, Die methodische Grundlage des Werkes "Vom Kriege""
2928:
2722:
1849:
1824:
1546:
1458:
1331:
1206:
802:
779:
205:
104:
3023:
2663:
2471:
Clausewitz and his proponents have been severely criticized by other military theorists, like
2979:
2680:
2531:
2166:
1438:
1371:
1324:
973:
936:
899:
817:
769:
653:
463:
256:
160:
3612:" Describes the author's intent, and discusses interpretations and common misunderstandings.
2386:"war" belongs fundamentally to the social realm, rather than to the realms of art or science
3711:
3575:
Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1.
2821:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060628174003/http://www.kw.igs.net/~tacit/artofwar/suntzu.htm
2751:
2691:
2583:
1989. Michael Howard and Peter Paret, editors and translators. Princeton University Press.
2472:
2282:
1829:
1731:
1588:
1583:
1401:
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1101:
916:
774:
710:
564:
534:
111:
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3188:
8:
3729:
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2674:
2641:
2496:
2097:
1680:
1665:
1541:
1428:
1406:
1381:
1341:
1251:
1061:
961:
911:
678:
668:
633:
425:
415:
165:
89:
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2800:
2520:
1873. Graham, J.J. translator. Republished 1908 with extensive commentary and notes by
2480:
2476:
2113:
2014:
1869:
1789:
1710:
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1497:
1463:
1394:
1311:
1221:
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956:
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874:
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720:
673:
611:
586:
420:
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133:
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A wealth of historical examples is used to illustrate its various ideas. Napoleon and
2108:
in 1832. It is one of the most important treatises on political-military analysis and
2105:
3733:
3695:
3592:
3578:
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3212:
3172:
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3029:
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2855:
2727:
2630:
2612:
2584:
2573:
2550:
2445:
2419:
2317:
Some of the key ideas (not necessarily original to Clausewitz or even to his mentor,
2267:
such as by the defeat or the elimination of opposing armed forces or by non-military
2154:
2109:
2089:
2050:
1959:
1906:
1809:
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1742:
1715:
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1361:
1351:
1346:
1336:
1256:
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1216:
1186:
1076:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1021:
1011:
926:
879:
849:
688:
481:
458:
392:
2740:
2019:
3683:
Simpson, Emile. "Clausewitz's Theory of War and Victory in Contemporary Conflict."
3455:. Classics of Strategy and Diplomacy, Johns Hopkins University SAIS. Archived from
2940:
2508:
2437:
2145:
is formed by the first three volumes and represents his theoretical explorations.
2024:
1989:
1921:
1814:
1752:
1645:
1573:
1566:
1423:
1356:
1306:
1296:
1171:
1091:
1051:
1036:
998:
983:
854:
839:
792:
700:
658:
601:
596:
554:
377:
354:
246:
170:
99:
82:
19:
This article is about the treatise on military strategy. For the manga series, see
3652:
3301:
3206:
3053:
2996:
2901:
2849:
2542:
2432:
Modern perceptions of war are based on the concepts that Clausewitz put forth in
2361:
2101:
1834:
1819:
1737:
1693:
1635:
1291:
1286:
1176:
1166:
1081:
1056:
993:
834:
764:
754:
606:
591:
514:
486:
276:
271:
251:
94:
3338:"The influence of Clausewitz on Jomini's Précis de l'Art de la Guerre - p. 3/30"
2716:
2368:) - as exemplified particularly in Frederick the Great and in Napoleon Bonaparte
3762:
2903:
Carl Von Clausewitz's On War: A modern-day interpretation of a strategy classic
2795:
2711:
2635:
2546:
2441:
2263:
is pursued with the help of a strategy, that might be brought about by various
2235:
Clausewitz analyzed the conflicts of his time along the line of the categories
2153:
Clausewitz was among those intrigued by the manner in which the leaders of the
2009:
1757:
1181:
1141:
1119:
1106:
1096:
1066:
978:
931:
734:
725:
616:
569:
549:
539:
509:
476:
364:
321:
286:
261:
128:
61:
2944:
3784:
3231:
3168:, Book I, Chapter 1, 24., Carl von Clausewitz, translated by J.J. Graham, p.
2521:
2184:
1856:
1844:
1700:
1620:
1536:
1519:
1376:
1231:
1211:
889:
884:
864:
844:
759:
730:
705:
581:
559:
544:
519:
359:
266:
224:
219:
116:
24:
2345:
the relationship between political objectives and military objectives in war
2756:
2696:
2535:
2492:
2043:
1969:
1949:
1944:
1839:
1784:
1418:
1413:
1236:
1151:
894:
628:
529:
326:
210:
3775:
2380:
philosophical distinctions between "absolute or ideal war," and "real war"
2255:
of the conflict is therefore to defeat the opponent in order to exact the
2251:
of war is one's will to be enforced, which is determined by politics. The
3543:
Clausewitz in English: The Reception of Clausewitz in Britain and America
3397:"Clausewitz vs. The Scholar: Martin Van Creveld's Expanded Theory Of War"
2617:
2565:
2524:
2484:
2286:
1954:
1705:
1670:
1509:
1196:
1161:
869:
812:
715:
499:
200:
195:
3025:
Revisiting Prussia's Wars against Napoleon: History, Culture, and Memory
2449:
2436:, but they have been diversely interpreted by various leaders (such as
2402:
2212:
1911:
1881:
1603:
967:
3770:
3628:
War as paradox: Clausewitz and Hegel on fighting doctrines and ethics
3143:
A History of Military Thought: From the Enlightenment to the Cold War
2647:
2504:
2461:
2330:
1901:
1725:
1675:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1475:
1266:
1261:
1226:
663:
349:
316:
185:
3120:"Staatenkrieg und nicht-staatliche Kriege in Clausewitz, Vom Kriege"
2981:
The Basic Principles of Operational Art and Tactics: (a Soviet View)
3750:
2652:
2298:
2189:
2158:
1916:
1891:
1524:
1156:
1131:
744:
299:
241:
153:
2790:
2138:
2093:
1926:
1886:
1650:
1484:
1480:
822:
807:
683:
344:
339:
309:
228:
190:
2112:
ever written, and remains both controversial and influential on
2104:, between 1816 and 1830, and published posthumously by his wife
2165:'s (1792—1802) zeal and the conscripted armies employed by the
1433:
829:
646:
382:
904:
440:
435:
3248:"Oxford Essential Quotations, Karl von Clausewitz 1780–1831"
2192:'s military expedition to Italy, 1796. Map from Clausewitz:
32:
180:
175:
3617:
Rebooting Clausewitz: 'On War' in the Twenty-first Century
16:
19th-century theoretical treatise on war by von Clausewitz
2085:
53:
2977:
2348:
the asymmetrical relationship between attack and defense
3646:
Clausewitz’s Military Genius and the #Human Dimension.
3299:
2789: : For example, writing in his introduction to
3051:
2847:
2511:derived some inspiration from Clausewitzian ideas.
2392:"tactics" belongs primarily to the realm of science
3145:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 125.
2122:has been translated into English several times as
3117:
3782:
3776:Clausewitz Gesellschaft (Clausewitz Association)
3368:
3047:
3045:
2984:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 23–.
2933:Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte
2389:"strategy" belongs primarily to the realm of art
2325:include (in no particular order of importance):
3517:"Carl von Clausewitz, trans. James John Graham"
3476:
3474:
3633:Daase, Christopher, and James W. Davis (eds).
3450:
3335:
3021:
2926:
3483:"Fighting Doctrines and Revolutionary Ethics"
3293:
3042:
3028:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 132–.
2899:
2206:incalculable influences or events, so-called
2051:
3471:
3087:
2994:
2895:
2893:
2491:is a work rooted solely in the world of the
2372:
2342:the nature of the balance-of-power mechanism
3189:Frequently Asked Questions about Clausewitz
3015:
3417:
2289:). However, Clausewitz had postulated the
2230:
2058:
2044:
36:Title page of the original German edition
2971:
2890:
2817:UNESCO Collection of Representative Works
2339:the uses and abuses of historical studies
3487:Journal of Military and Security Studies
3420:"Clausewitz and the "New Wars" Scholars"
3394:
3300:Phillip S. Meilinger (29 January 2020).
2848:Carl von Clausewitz (2 September 2008).
2183:
1017:List of military strategies and concepts
31:
3480:
3390:
3388:
3343:. King's College London. Archived from
2988:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2763:The Influence of Sea Power upon History
2514:
21:Neo Gomanism Manifesto Special - On War
3783:
3204:
3095:. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 5
3052:Carl Von Clausewitz (1 October 2010).
2179:
2100:(1780–1831), written mostly after the
3680:(Aug 1951), Vol. 1 Issue 8, pp 24-32.
3453:"B. H. Liddell Hart, Strategy (1954)"
3272:
3245:
2968:(Aug 1951), Vol. 1 Issue 8, pp 24-32.
2395:the essential unpredictability of war
2079:
3643:Erfourth M. & Bazin, A. (2014).
3385:
3275:"Von Clausewitz on War: Six Lessons"
2874:
2834:
2200:
3756:
3676:LeMay, G.H.L. "Napoleonic Warfare"
3554:A guide to the reading of "On War."
3451:Bradley Potter (January 19, 2016).
3211:. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 77.
3140:
2964:G.H.L. LeMay, "Napoleonic Warfare"
13:
3630:(McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, 2016).
3602:
3234:(whom Clausewitz never mentions) .
2783:
2734:Tactica of Emperor Leo VI the Wise
2541:1968. Edited with introduction by
2425:the "culminating point of victory"
2336:the methods of "critical analysis"
14:
3837:
3816:Works about the theory of history
3705:
3561:Napoleon's 1796 Italian Campaign.
3195:, edited by Christopher Bassford.
3090:"Clausewitz' Theorie des Krieges"
2978:Vasiliĭ Efimovich Savkin (1974).
2900:Andrew Holmes (31 January 2010).
3739:
3619:(Oxford University Press, 2017)
3425:. Clausewitz Com. Archived from
3306:. University Press of Kentucky.
3022:Karen Hagemann (30 March 2015).
2686:Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus
71:
3534:
3509:
3444:
3411:
3362:
3329:
3320:
3266:
3239:
3198:
3181:
3159:
3134:
3111:
3081:
3072:
3725:- the 1873 English translation
3608:Bassford, Christopher, 2002. "
3208:Clausewitz and Modern Strategy
3055:On War - Volume I - Chapter II
2958:
2927:Werner Hahlweg (7 June 1975).
2920:
2868:
2854:. Princeton University Press.
2784:
1:
3692:Clausewitz: His Life and Work
3587:Clausewitz, Carl von (2021).
3573:Clausewitz, Carl von (2020).
3559:Clausewitz, Carl von (2018).
3540:Bassford, Christopher, 1994.
2827:
2479:in the mid-20th century, and
3796:Books published posthumously
3078:LeMay, "Napoleonic Warfare"
2746:Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
2670:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
7:
3749:public domain audiobook at
3694:(Oxford UP, 2014) 376 pp.
3556:Princeton University Press.
2998:Les armées révolutionnaires
2601:
2595:
2568:, editors and translators.
2411:strategic and operational "
2371:the "fascinating trinity" (
1515:Military–industrial complex
989:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
3842:
3716:- the 1832 German original
3545:. Oxford University Press.
2877:"CLAUSEWITZ AND HIS WORKS"
2608:List of military theorists
2570:Princeton University Press
2374:Wunderliche Dreifaltigkeit
2148:
18:
3610:Clausewitz and His Works.
3001:. Yale University Press.
2945:10.1163/15700739-02703005
2728:Byzantine Emperor Maurice
2275:to achieve the set goal.
2163:French Revolutionary Army
1579:Loss-of-strength gradient
431:Combat information center
23:. For the 2008 film, see
3734:Project Gutenberg E-book
3732:by Carl von Clausewitz.
3635:Clausewitz on Small War
3279:Columbia Business School
2774:
2623:
2534:, translator (New York:
1897:Military science fiction
1382:Technology and equipment
798:List of military tactics
3801:Military strategy books
3771:The Clausewitz Homepage
3481:Cormier, Youri (2013).
3118:Andreas Herberg-Rothe.
2875:Bassford, Christopher.
2366:der kriegerische Genius
2319:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
2247:. He reasoned that the
2231:Purpose, goal and means
2188:An operational map for
1965:Wartime sexual violence
1721:Full-spectrum dominance
1532:Supply-chain management
3791:1832 non-fiction books
3668:Strategic Organization
3663:26.2 (2019): 287-296 .
3369:Christopher Bassford.
3058:. The Floating Press.
2819:), Samuel B. Griffith
2723:Strategikon of Maurice
2373:
2365:
2197:
1877:Awards and decorations
1850:Peace through strength
1825:Low-intensity conflict
1459:Conscientious objector
1332:Area of responsibility
41:
3811:German-language books
3281:. Columbia University
3193:ClausewitzStudies.org
2995:Richard Cobb (1987).
2939:(3). Brill: 240–251.
2681:Epitoma rei militaris
2532:O. J. Matthijs Jolles
2475:in the 19th century,
2187:
2077:German pronunciation:
464:Torpedo data computer
454:Ship gun fire-control
35:
3615:Coker, Christopher.
3336:Christoph Abegglen.
3326:Robert Osgood, 1979.
2752:The Utility of Force
2692:Infanterie Greift An
2515:English translations
2473:Antoine-Henri Jomini
2460:as an argument for "
2333:to military analysis
2331:dialectical approach
2283:German General Staff
2081:[fɔmˈkʁiːɡə]
1995:Military occupations
1830:Military engineering
1732:Unrestricted Warfare
1589:Force multiplication
482:Military manoeuvrers
40:, published in 1832.
3826:Carl von Clausewitz
3821:Works about warfare
3493:(1). Archived from
3273:Pietersen, Willie.
3187:This list is from "
2768:Alfred Thayer Mahan
2675:Gaius Julius Caesar
2664:Niccolò Machiavelli
2497:Peace of Westphalia
2291:primacy of politics
2180:Clausewitz's theory
2174:Frederick the Great
2098:Carl von Clausewitz
1681:Penal military unit
1666:Rules of engagement
1342:Command and control
962:Operations research
426:Director (military)
416:Fire-control system
166:Command and control
47:Part of a series on
3721:Online version of
3712:Online version of
3690:Stoker, Donald J.
3687:47.4 (2017): 7-18.
3651:2016-04-08 at the
3246:Ratcliffe, Susan.
3141:Gat, Azar (2001).
3088:Herfried Münkler.
2906:. Infinite Ideas.
2801:B. H. Liddell Hart
2481:Martin van Creveld
2477:B. H. Liddell Hart
2413:centres of gravity
2198:
2114:strategic thinking
1790:Counter-insurgency
1711:Command of the sea
1656:Jewish laws on war
1631:Geneva Conventions
1167:Divide and conquer
957:Military operation
922:Tactical objective
421:Fire-control radar
398:Electronic-warfare
42:
3597:978-0-7006-3034-9
3583:978-0-7006-3025-7
3569:978-0-7006-2676-2
3399:. Global Security
3313:978-0-8131-7891-2
3065:978-1-77541-926-6
3035:978-1-316-19397-6
3008:978-0-300-02728-0
2913:978-1-908189-61-5
2861:978-1-4008-3740-3
2631:Achtung - Panzer!
2613:Philosophy of war
2589:978-0-691-01854-6
2446:Dwight Eisenhower
2422:of the offensive"
2420:culminating point
2221:Bekenntnisschrift
2201:Definition of war
2155:French Revolution
2090:military strategy
2068:
2067:
1960:Horses in warfare
1907:Anti-war movement
1810:Gunboat diplomacy
1800:Disaster response
1748:Philosophy of war
1743:Principles of war
1716:Deterrence theory
1661:Right of conquest
1584:Lanchester's laws
1352:Principles of war
1042:Counter-offensive
1022:Military campaign
927:Target saturation
850:Counterinsurgency
459:Gun data computer
393:Close air support
355:Aircraft carriers
3833:
3806:Unfinished books
3743:
3742:
3626:Cormier, Youri.
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3497:on July 29, 2014
3478:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3432:on March 7, 2021
3431:
3424:
3418:Bart Schuurman.
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3373:. Clausewitz Com
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3342:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3252:Oxford Reference
3243:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3225:
3202:
3196:
3185:
3179:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3122:. Clausewitz Com
3115:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3019:
3013:
3012:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2969:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2845:
2788:
2757:Sir Rupert Smith
2706:Maurice de Saxel
2509:Friedrich Engels
2376:
2360:
2083:
2078:
2060:
2053:
2046:
1815:Humanitarian aid
1753:Security dilemma
1574:Power projection
1357:Economy of force
1337:Chain of command
1052:Defence in depth
1037:Commerce raiding
855:Defeat in detail
171:Defense ministry
75:
66:
65:
56:
44:
43:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3781:
3780:
3759:
3740:
3708:
3653:Wayback Machine
3605:
3603:Further reading
3537:
3532:
3531:
3522:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3479:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3459:on May 14, 2020
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3303:Thoughts on War
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3244:
3240:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3203:
3199:
3186:
3182:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3020:
3016:
3009:
2993:
2989:
2976:
2972:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2898:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2846:
2835:
2830:
2809:The Art of War.
2777:
2772:
2626:
2604:
2598:
2543:Anatol Rapoport
2517:
2487:more recently.
2356:
2353:military genius
2351:the nature of "
2321:) discussed in
2233:
2203:
2182:
2151:
2106:Marie von Brühl
2102:Napoleonic wars
2084:) is a book on
2076:
2064:
2035:
2034:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1835:Multilateralism
1820:Law enforcement
1780:
1770:
1769:
1738:Just war theory
1696:
1686:
1685:
1636:Geneva Protocol
1606:
1596:
1595:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1327:
1317:
1316:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1202:Network-centric
1122:
1112:
1111:
1014:
1004:
1003:
952:
942:
941:
890:Rapid dominance
795:
785:
784:
740:Electromagnetic
649:
639:
638:
625:
578:
526:
502:
492:
491:
487:Combat training
468:
445:
411:Combat systems:
407:
369:
365:Auxiliary ships
331:
291:
233:
156:
146:
145:
85:
59:
58:
57:
52:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3839:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3758:
3757:External links
3755:
3754:
3753:
3737:
3727:
3718:
3707:
3706:External links
3704:
3703:
3702:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3664:
3661:War in History
3657:
3641:
3631:
3624:
3613:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3585:
3571:
3557:
3550:Bernard Brodie
3547:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3508:
3470:
3443:
3410:
3395:K. M. French.
3384:
3361:
3328:
3319:
3312:
3292:
3265:
3238:
3217:
3197:
3180:
3158:
3151:
3133:
3110:
3080:
3071:
3064:
3041:
3034:
3014:
3007:
2987:
2970:
2957:
2919:
2912:
2889:
2867:
2860:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2813:The Art of War
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2748:
2741:Truppenführung
2737:
2730:
2719:
2712:Storm of Steel
2708:
2699:
2688:
2677:
2666:
2659:The Art of War
2655:
2638:
2636:Heinz Guderian
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2562:Michael Howard
2558:
2547:Viking Penguin
2539:
2528:
2516:
2513:
2442:Vladimir Lenin
2427:
2426:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2369:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2232:
2229:
2202:
2199:
2181:
2178:
2150:
2147:
2139:Prussian state
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Military terms
1997:
1992:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1758:Tripwire force
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
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1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1280:Administrative
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:New generation
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1182:Fleet in being
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1120:Grand strategy
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:Scorched earth
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
979:Deep operation
976:
971:
964:
959:
953:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
908:
907:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
826:
825:
820:
815:
805:
796:
791:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
780:Unconventional
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
728:
726:Disinformation
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
697:
696:
691:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
650:
645:
644:
641:
640:
637:
636:
631:
624:
623:
622:
621:
620:
619:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
577:
576:
575:
574:
573:
572:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
525:
524:
523:
522:
517:
512:
503:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
484:
479:
477:Basic training
474:
467:
466:
461:
456:
451:
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
406:
405:
403:Reconnaissance
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
368:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
330:
329:
324:
322:Special forces
319:
314:
313:
312:
302:
297:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
232:
231:
222:
217:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
157:
152:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
142:
141:
136:
126:
125:
124:
119:
109:
108:
107:
100:Post-classical
97:
92:
86:
81:
80:
77:
76:
68:
67:
49:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3838:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3696:online review
3693:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3678:History Today
3675:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3642:
3640:
3639:online review
3636:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:online review
3618:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3518:
3512:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3475:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3398:
3391:
3389:
3372:
3365:
3350:on 2007-09-26
3346:
3339:
3332:
3323:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3296:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3233:
3220:
3218:9781136285479
3214:
3210:
3209:
3201:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3177:956-8356-20-7
3174:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3154:
3152:0-19-924762-5
3148:
3144:
3137:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3091:
3084:
3075:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3048:
3046:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2967:
2966:History Today
2961:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2915:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2896:
2894:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2833:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:0-691-05657-9
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2555:0-14-044427-0
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2297:According to
2295:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2157:, especially
2156:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
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1887:Warrior caste
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1857:Show of force
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1641:Islamic rules
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974:Expeditionary
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845:Counterattack
843:
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770:Psychological
768:
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706:Combined arms
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545:Fortification
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360:Landing craft
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225:Standing army
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117:pike and shot
115:
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63:
55:
51:
50:
46:
45:
39:
34:
30:
26:
25:On War (film)
22:
3764:
3763:Mind Map of
3745:
3722:
3713:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3667:
3660:
3644:
3634:
3627:
3616:
3588:
3574:
3560:
3553:
3542:
3535:Bibliography
3521:. Retrieved
3511:
3499:. Retrieved
3495:the original
3490:
3486:
3461:. Retrieved
3457:the original
3446:
3434:. Retrieved
3427:the original
3413:
3401:. Retrieved
3375:. Retrieved
3364:
3352:. Retrieved
3345:the original
3331:
3322:
3302:
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3278:
3268:
3256:. Retrieved
3251:
3241:
3229:
3222:. Retrieved
3207:
3200:
3192:
3183:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3142:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3113:
3104:
3097:. Retrieved
3083:
3074:
3054:
3024:
3017:
2997:
2990:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2936:
2932:
2922:
2902:
2880:. Retrieved
2870:
2850:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2785:
2780:
2761:
2750:
2739:
2732:
2721:
2717:Ernst Jünger
2710:
2702:Mes Rêveries
2701:
2697:Erwin Rommel
2690:
2679:
2668:
2657:
2646:
2640:
2629:
2536:Random House
2501:
2493:nation state
2488:
2470:
2466:
2457:
2454:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2352:
2322:
2316:
2296:
2290:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2220:
2219:In his 1812
2218:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2193:
2171:
2167:French crown
2152:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2071:
2070:
2069:
1970:Fifth column
1950:War resister
1945:Women in war
1840:Peacekeeping
1785:Arms control
1730:
1419:Mobilization
1414:Conscription
1372:Intelligence
1325:Organization
966:
895:Encirclement
775:Radiological
711:Conventional
565:Subterranean
472:Development:
471:
448:
410:
372:
335:Naval units:
334:
327:Signal corps
294:
257:Intelligence
237:Specialties:
236:
161:Organization
112:Early modern
37:
29:
3656:The Bridge.
3285:December 7,
3258:December 7,
2766:by Admiral
2755:by General
2618:Realpolitik
2566:Peter Paret
2560:1976/1984.
2527:F.N. Maude.
2525:imperialist
2485:John Keegan
2287:World War I
2285:did during
1955:War studies
1778:Non-warfare
1706:Appeasement
1671:Martial law
1510:War economy
1449:Transgender
1402:Recruitment
1162:Containment
1047:Culminating
1027:Anti-access
950:Operational
870:Envelopment
813:Air assault
694:Air cavalry
654:Air defence
634:Information
535:Cold-region
500:Battlespace
449:Historical:
295:Land units:
201:Space force
196:Coast guard
129:Late modern
90:Prehistoric
3785:Categories
3714:Vom Kriege
3685:Parameters
3523:2013-10-30
3501:August 12,
2828:References
2796:Art of War
2450:Mao Zedong
2408:"friction"
2403:fog of war
2310:impotent."
2213:fog of war
2194:Vom Kriege
2120:Vom Kriege
2072:Vom Kriege
2015:War crimes
2005:Operations
1912:Foot drill
1882:Battle cry
1795:deterrence
1454:Harassment
1429:Specialism
1252:Technology
1247:Succession
1192:Liberation
1127:Asymmetric
1062:Empty fort
968:Blitzkrieg
937:Withdrawal
900:Investment
679:Camouflage
674:Biological
612:Underwater
587:Amphibious
506:Aerospace
373:Air units:
350:Submarines
139:fourth-gen
134:industrial
122:napoleonic
38:Vom Kriege
3463:April 30,
3436:April 30,
3403:April 30,
3377:April 30,
3354:April 30,
3224:23 August
3126:April 23,
3099:April 30,
2950:April 23,
2648:Hellenica
2522:Victorian
2505:Karl Marx
2462:total war
2358:‹See Tfd›
1902:War novel
1805:Grey-zone
1765:War games
1726:Overmatch
1676:War crime
1626:Desertion
1616:Ceasefire
1611:Armistice
1498:Logistics
1476:Mercenary
1464:Volunteer
1395:Personnel
1367:Engineers
1312:Sociology
1267:World war
1262:Total war
1242:Strategic
1232:Religious
1217:Political
1212:Perpetual
1187:Irregular
1102:Offensive
1077:Defensive
1072:Deception
1032:Attrition
880:Guerrilla
875:Formation
818:Airbridge
750:Loitering
664:Artillery
317:Artillery
252:Engineers
215:Irregular
186:Air force
3751:LibriVox
3730:"On War"
3670:(2019):
3649:Archived
3552:, 1976.
3254:. Oxford
2882:12 April
2653:Xenophon
2642:Anabasis
2602:Concepts
2596:See also
2377:) of war
2299:Azar Gat
2208:friction
2190:Napoleon
2159:Napoleon
2110:strategy
2096:general
2094:Prussian
1917:War song
1892:War film
1525:Materiel
1444:Children
1424:Training
1362:Medicine
1347:Doctrine
1302:Training
1237:Resource
1222:Princely
1172:Economic
1157:Conquest
1152:Colonial
1147:Cold war
1132:Blockade
1012:Strategy
984:Maneuver
745:Infantry
701:Chemical
555:Mountain
515:Airborne
378:Fighters
345:Warships
300:Infantry
242:Rifleman
206:Reserves
154:Military
3700:excerpt
3698:; also
3637:(2015)
2791:Sun Tzu
2306:means."
2257:Purpose
2249:Purpose
2237:Purpose
2196:, 1857.
2149:History
2030:Writers
2025:Weapons
1990:Battles
1939:Related
1927:Wargame
1922:Uniform
1870:Culture
1651:Perfidy
1646:Justice
1567:Science
1552:Outpost
1505:History
1485:Warrior
1481:Soldier
1469:foreign
1407:counter
1307:Service
1257:Theater
1197:Limited
1177:Endemic
1092:Nuclear
860:Foxhole
835:Cavalry
823:Airdrop
808:Airlift
793:Tactics
765:Nuclear
755:Missile
684:Cavalry
669:Barrage
647:Weapons
607:Surface
388:Command
383:Bombers
340:Frogman
310:Cavalry
267:Medical
229:Militia
211:Regular
191:Marines
105:castles
95:Ancient
83:History
62:outline
3765:On War
3746:On War
3723:On War
3672:online
3595:
3581:
3567:
3519:. 1873
3310:
3232:Carnot
3215:
3175:
3166:On War
3149:
3062:
3032:
3005:
2910:
2858:
2851:On War
2805:On War
2587:
2576:
2553:
2530:1943.
2489:On War
2458:On War
2448:, and
2438:Moltke
2434:On War
2362:German
2323:On War
2259:. The
2143:On War
2130:On War
2125:On War
2010:Sieges
1694:Theory
1434:Morale
1292:Policy
1287:Branch
1067:Mosaic
1057:Fabian
999:Covert
932:Trench
917:Screen
840:Charge
830:Battle
803:Aerial
721:Denial
689:Horses
617:Seabed
570:Tunnel
550:Jungle
540:Desert
510:Aerial
277:Diving
272:Police
3430:(PDF)
3423:(PDF)
3348:(PDF)
3341:(PDF)
3093:(PDF)
2775:Notes
2624:Books
2418:the "
2401:the "
2273:Means
2269:Means
2265:Means
2245:Means
1983:Lists
1439:Women
1377:Ranks
1297:Staff
1227:Proxy
1142:Class
1097:Naval
1082:Depth
912:Swarm
905:Siege
885:Naval
865:Drone
760:Music
735:Robot
731:Drone
716:Cyber
659:Armor
629:Cyber
602:Green
597:Brown
560:Urban
520:Space
441:Radar
436:Sonar
305:Armor
287:Pilot
282:Comms
262:Recon
247:Staff
220:Ranks
3593:ISBN
3579:ISBN
3565:ISBN
3503:2014
3465:2020
3438:2020
3405:2020
3379:2020
3356:2020
3308:ISBN
3287:2021
3260:2021
3226:2024
3213:ISBN
3173:ISBN
3147:ISBN
3128:2020
3101:2020
3060:ISBN
3030:ISBN
3003:ISBN
2952:2020
2908:ISBN
2884:2022
2856:ISBN
2645:and
2585:ISBN
2574:ISBN
2564:and
2551:ISBN
2507:and
2483:and
2329:the
2261:Goal
2253:Goal
2243:and
2241:Goal
2088:and
2020:Wars
1537:Base
1087:Goal
994:Raid
592:Blue
530:Land
181:Navy
176:Army
3191:,"
2941:doi
2793:'s
2744:by
2726:by
2715:by
2704:by
2695:by
2684:by
2673:by
2662:by
2651:by
2634:by
2464:".
2355:" (
2092:by
2086:war
1604:Law
1547:FOB
1542:MOB
582:Sea
54:War
3787::
3491:15
3489:.
3485:.
3473:^
3387:^
3277:.
3250:.
3228:.
3170:18
3103:.
3044:^
2937:27
2935:.
2931:.
2892:^
2836:^
2799:,
2781:a.
2572:.
2549:.
2545:.
2444:,
2440:,
2364::
2239:,
2216:.
2141:.
2128:.
2116:.
1483:/
733:/
227:/
213:/
3623:.
3526:.
3505:.
3467:.
3440:.
3407:.
3381:.
3358:.
3316:.
3289:.
3262:.
3155:.
3130:.
3068:.
3038:.
3011:.
2954:.
2943::
2916:.
2886:.
2864:.
2823:.
2815:(
2591:.
2580:.
2557:.
2415:"
2405:"
2075:(
2059:e
2052:t
2045:v
64:)
60:(
27:.
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