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Manufacturers/suppliers (or importers, if the manufacturers are outside the EU) must ensure that their products meet essential health and safety requirements and undergo appropriate conformity procedures. This usually involves testing and certification by a ‘third-party’ certification body (known as
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Certification ensures that the equipment or protective system is fit for its intended purpose and that adequate information is supplied with it to ensure that it can be used safely. There are four ATEX classifications to ensure that a specific piece of equipment or protective system is appropriate
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Regarding ATEX 99/92/EC Directive, the requirement is that
Employers must classify areas where potentially explosive atmospheres may occur, into zones. The classification given to a particular zone, and its size and location, depends on the likelihood of an explosive atmosphere occurring and its
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ICQC) but manufacturers/suppliers can ‘self-certify’ Category 3 equipment (technical dossier including drawings, hazard analysis and users manual in the local language) and
Category 2 non-electrical equipment. Still, for Category 2 the technical dossier must be lodged with a notified body. Once
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and the Ex marking are able to sell their equipment anywhere within the
European Union without any further requirements with respect to the risks covered being applied. The directive covers a large range of equipment, potentially including equipment used on fixed offshore platforms, in
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The regulations apply to all equipment intended for use in explosive atmospheres, whether electrical or mechanical, including protective systems. There are two categories of equipment: 'I' for mining and 'II' for surface industries. Manufacturers who apply its provisions and affix the
531:, an explosive atmosphere is defined as a mixture of dangerous substances under certain atmospheric conditions that are part of the air. They are in the form of gases or airborne particulates, in which, after ignition has occurred, combustion will spread to the entire mixture.
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In very broad terms, there are three preconditions for the directive to apply: the equipment must (a) have its own effective source of ignition, (b) be intended for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere (air mixtures), and (c) be under normal atmospheric conditions.
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Note: The ATEX 95 "equipment" Directive 94/9/EC, was withdrawn on 20 April 2016 when it was replaced by ATEX 114 Directive 2014/34/EU. ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU is mandatory for manufacturers as of 20 April 2016 as stated in article 44 of the
Directive.
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ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU was published on 29 March 2014, by the
European Parliament. It refers to the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
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Mechanically generated impact spark (For example, a hammer blow on a rusty steel surface compared to a hammer blow on a flint stone. The speed and impact angle (between surface and hammer) are important; a 90-degree blow on a surface is relatively
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certified, the equipment is marked by the ‘CE’ (meaning it complies with ATEX and all other relevant directives) and the ‘Ex’ symbol to identify it as approved under the ATEX directive. The technical dossier must be kept for a period of 10 years.
592:"Effective ignition source" is a term defined in the European ATEX directive as an event that, in combination with sufficient oxygen and fuel, can cause an explosion. Methane, hydrogen, and coal dust are good examples of possible fuels.
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The directive also covers components essential for the safe use and safety devices directly contributing to the safe use of the equipment in scope. These latter devices may be outside the potentially explosive environment.
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The aim of
Directive 2014/34/EU is to allow the free trade of ‘ATEX’ equipment and protective systems within the EU by removing the need for separate testing and documentation for each member state.
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is an effective ignition source. The combination of aluminum and rust is also notoriously dangerous. More than one red hot spark is often necessary in order to have an effective ignition source)
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The following zones are each defined as a place in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a mixture of air or dangerous substances in the form of gas, vapor, or mist...
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The ATEX 153 "workplace" Directive 1999/92/EC - Minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres.
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The ATEX Directive covers explosions from flammable gas/vapors and combustible dust/fibers (which, contrary to common belief, can lead to hazardous explosions).
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Electrostatic discharge (Static electricity can be generated by air sliding over a wing, or a non-conductive liquid flowing through a filter screen)
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Mechanically generated friction sparks (The combination of materials and speed determine the effectiveness of the ignition source. For example, 4.5
515:
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The ATEX 114 "equipment" Directive 2014/34/EU - Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
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Organizations in the EU must follow
Directives to protect employees from explosion risk in areas with an explosive atmosphere.
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Minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres
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Ultrasound (Any sound waves of higher frequency than what humans can hear; generally considered to be from ~20Hz to ~20kHz)
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These are defined as a place in which an explosive atmosphere is in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in the air...
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Adiabatic compression (When air is pushed through a narrow passage quickly, causing the passage's surface to heat up)
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Electrical switches (Toggling an electrical switch (particularly turning it off) can cause arcing inside the switch)
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Zone 22 – ...is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only.
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Exothermic reactions (A chemical reaction that expels heat from the involved substances, into the surrounding area)
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Zone 2 – ...is not likely to occur in normal operation, and if it does occur, will persist for a short period only.
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Community Mark affixed on ATEX certified equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
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Equipment and
Protective Systems Intended for Use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2016
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The aforementioned atmospheric conditions are temperatures of −20 to 40°C, and pressures of 0.8 to 1.1
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There are two ATEX Directives (one for the manufacturer and one for the user of the equipment):
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Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
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Michelis, J.: "Explosionsschutz im
Bergbau unter Tage", Verlag Glückauf Essen, 1998,
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The following are classifications for zones that can produce explosive atmospheres.
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Equipment in use before July 2003 is allowed to be used indefinitely provided a
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describing the minimum safety requirements for workplaces and equipment used in
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714:"ATEX Powder Explosions - ATEX study and risks analysis - PowderProcess.net"
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defines and classifies hazardous locations such as explosive atmospheres.
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Hot gasses (This can include a gas that just has hot particulates in it)
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Zone 20 – ...is present continuously, or for long periods or frequently.
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Zone 0 – ...is present continuously or for long periods or frequently.
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Open flames (This may range from a lit cigarette to welding activity)
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Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002
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Zone 21 – ...is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally.
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Zone 1 – ...is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally.
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The ATEX as an EU directive finds its US equivalent under the
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may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's
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EU ATEX Directive on workplaces with an explosive atmosphere
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Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations
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Some frequencies of electromagnetic waves (Light waves)
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atmospheres. The name is an initialization of the term
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and can be safely used in a particular application:
635:steel-steel friction with a force greater than 2
812:
774:Regulations 2016 (UK implementation of ATEX 114)
88:to make improvements to the overall structure.
846:Regulation of chemicals in the European Union
516:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
794:ATEX Guidelines (First edition – April 2016)
143:. There might be a discussion about this on
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
744:"Ignition Sources - ATEX article - ATEXdb"
236:Learn how and when to remove this message
218:Learn how and when to remove this message
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
104:Learn how and when to remove this message
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815:Categories
753:15 January
686:References
454:CE marking
403:Directives
347:Text with
334:1999/92/EC
332:Directive
271:Text with
258:2014/34/EU
256:Directive
250:CE marking
208:April 2014
135:to readers
41:improve it
702:. HSE UK.
626:harmless)
389:explosive
351:relevance
275:relevance
153:June 2013
94:June 2013
47:talk page
668:See also
483:Intertek
315:Replaces
319:94/9/EC
297:History
131:may be
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