1426:
1829:
897:
151:
4260:
694:
2449:
1308:
558:
4563:
124:
2488:
of the fossil site) that comprise eurypterids, but marine index fossils (fossils that indicate a marine environment and ecosystem) in many cases are not associated with eurypterids. In some cases, where the adelophthalmids are very rare, the fossils could have been deposited in a different place from
1909:
The cladogram below presents the inferred phylogenetic positions of most of the genera included in the three most derived superfamilies of the
Eurypterina suborder of eurypterids (Adelophthalmoidea, Pterygotioidea and the waeringopteroids), as inferred by O. Erik Tetlie and Markus Poschmann in 2008,
988:
of 2004 erected the superfamily
Adelophthalmoidea and the family Nanahughmilleridae. Adelophthalmoidea was diagnosed as eurypterids with parabolic carapaces, small reniform eyes, appendages of variable spinosity and a lanceolate telson, among others. This superfamily would be formally described two
1458:
Adelophthalmoidea was one of the most diverse taxonomically eurypterid clades, with about 40 species described. The sister group of
Adelophthalmoidea, Pterygotioidea, surpassed this amount with around 50 described species, becoming the most diverse superfamily to date. These sister-clades are the
1393:
and therefore of all the suborder
Eurypterina. The genus expanded the temporal range of the suborder by about 100 million years and turned its family to the longest lasting single family of eurypterids. Nevertheless, the eurypterids continued to exist represented by the stylonurids. The Russian
1214:. This is supported by the appearance of the basal pterygotioids, the sister group of the adelophthalmoids, in the Llandovery. However, the fossil record of Adelophthalmoidea is very poor in the Early Silurian and both species have disputed ages. The unequivocally oldest representative was
2618:, persisted. Some of the last occurrences of the adelophthalmids (end of the Carboniferous and Early Permian) seem to have had a kind of reversion in ecological preferences, inhabiting environments with a strong marine influence again, the especially tidally estuarine environments.
981:(he mentioned the now invalid Slimonioidea). Although a new genus for spineless species could be phylogenetically supported, moving it to Slimonidae based on the loss of a feature which seems to have been lost separately in the two groups is not in line with common practice.
1103:
The eurypterids as a group peaked in diversity during the
Silurian, of the approximately 250 valid species accounted for as of 2024, around 139 (≈56 %) were from the Silurian alone. Many eurypterid groups are first recorded from the Silurian, such as Pterygotioidea,
1845:
All adelophthalmids have a series of shared characteristics that make them different from the rest of eurypterids. However, some genera developed different features within
Adelophthalmidae that divide the family into several smaller clades and groupings. The genera
1854:
form a derived clade based on the presence of enlarged spines on at least one podomere in the appendage V (fifth limb), the presence of epimera in the postabdomen (body segments 8 to 12) and the large spatulae that has been associated with the genital operculum.
859:. These species shared a key characteristic, small intramarginal eyes of reniform form (bean-shaped), in contrast to the large ovoid eyes placed in the margin of the carapace present in the genotype and its allied forms. Kjellesvig-Waering designated
3177:
Lamsdell, James C.; Simonetto, Luca; Selden, Paul A. (2013-07-31). "First
Eurypterid from Italy: A new species of Adelophthalmus (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from the Upper Carboniferous of the Carnic Alps (Friuli, NE Italy)".
3782:
Tetlie, O. Erik; Braddy, Simon J.; Butler, Piers D.; Briggs, Derek E. G. (2004). "A New
Eurypterid (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia, With A Review of the Rhenopteridae".
3412:
1092:
534:) represents the only known genus of swimming eurypterids beyond the extinction of the rest of the group in the Late Devonian, extending the temporal range of the group by over a hundred million years.
1342:
into a global supercontinent was also an important factor. The pterygotoids were also successful swimmers, but they went extinct in the Middle
Devonian, long before the formation of Pangea. Although
1898:
were intramarginal, they were much closer to the margin than in its relatives, suggesting that the eyes gradually migrated towards the center of the carapace from the basal genera to the derived
989:
years later by Tetlie and Peter Van Roy. On the other hand, Nanahughmilleridae was described to contain the adelophthalmoids with no or reduced genital spatulae and the second to fifth pair of
640:(segments of the limbs) long and an eighth podomere coarsely serrated. The body had a midsection second order differentiation present (that is, with lateral "extensions" in the seventh body
920:
and suggested that this part of the body could have great phylogenetic importance in the future. Two years later, together with the
American paleontologist Kenneth Edward Caster, he raised
1408:(around 254-252 mya, Late Permian) stage, being the last known eurypterid. No eurypterids are known from fossil beds higher than the Permian, indicating that they probably died out in the
537:
Though the last swimming eurypterids and the final members of the traditionally more successful and numerous suborder Eurypterina, the adelophthalmids were not the last eurypterids. The
1906:
is an adelophthalmid at all or a sister taxon of Adelophthalmidae, but more fossils are required to either prove or disprove its phylogenetic position within the family or outside it.
1890:
were almost identical and were mainly differentiated by the eye position. In the latter, the eyes were almost marginal, but were separated from margin by the marginal rim. The eyes of
3686:
Kues, Barry S.; Kietzke, Kenneth K. (1981). "A Large Assemblage of a New Eurypterid from the Red Tanks Member, Madera Formation (Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian) of New Mexico".
1466:
below is simplified from 2007 study by O. Erik Tetlie, showcasing the position of Adelophthalmoidea within the suborder Eurypterina. Placement of Diploperculata follows Lamsdell
3551:
Poschmann, Markus (2006-01-01). "The Eurypterid Adelophthalmus Sievertsi (chelicerata: Eurypterida) from the Lower Devonian (emsian) Klerf Formation of Willwerath, Germany".
1009:. However, the clade has almost never been used in subsequent studies and lists of eurypterids, and instead, they classify the nanahughmillerids as part of Adelophthalmidae.
512:, the Adelophthalmidae is the longest lasting single family of eurypterids. The survival of the group, and of swimming eurypterids (the suborder Eurypterina) beyond the Late
745:, who immediately recognized the eurypterid nature of the fossils by the great resemblance of the overall shape and form of the carapace and appendages with that of
822:
is controversial due to the poor illustrations given by Chernyshev and the fact that the only known fossil is presumed to be lost. The genus has been treated as an
1335:
1330:, 23 (69%) were from the Carboniferous alone, reaching its peak diversity in the Late Carboniferous and becoming the most common of all eurypterids of the Late
759:, nor in any other adelophthalmid. Since then, a total of 33 species have been described, some of which have been historically classified within other genera (
1859:
is placed as the sister taxon of this clade but more basal due to the increased spinosity of its appendage V and in the small size of the genital spatulae.
1079:, representing the oldest known record of the Adelophthalmidae, extending the stratigraphic record of the family some 10 million years older from the early
3484:
1068:
1054:(closest relative) of a clade formed by Adelophthalmoidea and Pterygotioidea. However, this can not be demonstrated until more fossil material is found.
1334:. This quick diversification may be due to their morphology, converting the adelophthalmids in one of the most able swimmers among the eurypterids. The
755:(meaning "no obvious eyes") and the entire superfamily. This feature is now assumed to be due to a preservational artifact and that was not present in
3492:
2536:
had a preference for habitats dominated by freshwater, unlike other more basal forms. This preference for freshwater habitats is stronger during the
1447:, in the Eurypterina suborder of eurypterids. The infraorder Diploperculata contains the four most derived superfamilies of eurypterine eurypterids;
730:
1365:
at the time. Although the formation of Pangea helped the genus to widespread, it also affected its environments. They began to disappear due to a
4641:
2512:
influence, although basal forms that inhabited completely marine deposits are known. This preference remained constant in Adelophthalmidae until
1318:
would rapidly diversify, already being present in Siberia and Gondwana (Australia) since the Devonian. In the Carboniferous, the distribution of
1459:
most derived in the Eurypterina and make up more than a third of all the species of eurypterids, with almost 100 species between both of them.
1046:) has been shown as almost identical, only differing between them by the position of the eyes. Due to the intramarginal position of the eyes,
973:-type and the presence of epimera (lateral "extensions" of the segment) in the seventh segment. Tollerton commented that some species of
830:, as well as completely ignored. The spinosity of its appendages may suggest the second option, but this is not entirely certain and the
3380:
942:. It differs essentially from other adelophthalmids by the specialization of its genital appendage, with characteristics reminiscent of
679:(limbs) and an increase in the size of the genital spatulae (a long, flat piece in the genital area) occurred. The even more primitive
3745:"A new Ordovician eurypterid (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) from southeast Turkey: Evidence for a cryptic Ordovician record of Eurypterida"
4628:
893:
lobes in a plate-like segment which contains the genital aperture called genital operculum), as well as in the intramarginal eyes.
4730:
2883:"The ventral anatomy of the Upper Carboniferous eurypterid Anthraconectes Meek and Worthen | The Palaeontological Association"
787:
eurypterid genus to date. However, many of these species are fragmentary and could represent synonyms of other species within
4720:
4339:
4329:
3851:
1409:
546:
2931:"A redescription of the Late Carboniferous eurypterids Adelophthalmus granosus von Meyer, 1853 and A. zadrai Přibyl, 1952"
2882:
1346:
also appeared in the Carboniferous, this genus is very little known and is usually ignored by the eurypterid researchers.
2633:
whose conquest of freshwater habitats was not as successful as in other animals such as the aforementioned bellinurids.
1910:
based on the results of a 2008 analysis specifically pertaining to the Adelophthalmoidea and a preceding 2004 analysis.
4291:
3724:
3618:
4306:
17:
2611:
is not found in these deposits, while others indicative of a connection with a marginal marine habitat, such as the
1289:. Of the 16 eurypterid families that had been alive at the beginning of the Devonian, only three persisted into the
1366:
751:. One of the main differences that Jordan and von Meyer noticed was the apparent lack of eyes, which gives name to
4550:
4334:
4276:
2807:"A reappraisal of Eurypterus dumonti Stainier, 1917 and its position within the Adelophthalmidae Tollerton, 1989"
2647:
1234:
epoch (around 433-427 mya). These fossils differ slightly in the proportions of the body with the fossils of its
3517:
2906:
4710:
4324:
4314:
4268:
3639:"Cope's Rule and Romer's theory: patterns of diversity and gigantism in eurypterids and Palaeozoic vertebrates"
3325:
Tollerton, V. P. (1989). "Morphology, taxonomy, and classification of the order Eurypterida Burmeister, 1843".
2831:
Tollerton, V. P. (1989). "Morphology, Taxonomy, and Classification of the Order Eurypterida Burmeister, 1843".
2725:"Cope's rule and Romer's theory: patterns of diversity and gigantism in eurypterids and Palaeozoic vertebrates"
1278:
4286:
4281:
150:
841:
In 1961, the American paleontologist Erik Norman Kjellesvig-Waering considered several species of the genus
4725:
4319:
4296:
2468:
The adelophthalmids as a whole inhabited environments situated near the coastal realm, with preferences in
1194:
In the Silurian, most of the adelophthalmid genera would appear, but all went extinct soon after or in the
3298:
Kjellesvig-Waering, Erik N.; Leutze, Willard P. (1966). "Eurypterids from the Silurian of West Virginia".
949:
In 1989, Victor P. Tollerton, Jr. described the family Adelophthalmidae along with many others, including
1872:
1894:
were completely marginal, a characteristic present in all the pterygotioid genera. Although the eyes of
1238:(in Germany) and have been compared with the latter ones, but the assignment of the Scottish fossils to
549:
or shortly before a few million years after the extinction of the adelophthalmids in the Early Permian.
4695:
4619:
4705:
4700:
3952:
3844:
2772:
2642:
2541:
1168:
2583:
that had a close connection with marginally marine habitats. For example, during the Moscovian, the
1451:, Adelophthalmoidea, Pterygotioidea and the waeringopteroids, united by the shared feature that the
1281:, following a major decline in diversity during the Early Devonian, eurypterids were rare in marine
4715:
2580:
3610:
2600:
1235:
1176:
4672:
4581:
4259:
2625:(able to adapt in different salinities) clade that inhabited stressful habitats with regard to
1151:). However, it is not possible to determine where the clade originated, probably in Baltica or
641:
1425:
610:
The adelophthalmids were small swimming eurypterids with a parabolic (approximately U-shaped)
4667:
4659:
4646:
3386:
3129:"Phylogeny and palaeoecology of the Adelophthalmoidea (Arthropoda; Chelicerata; Eurypterida)"
2493:, which is known from a single specimen that is in turn the only eurypterid of the zone, the
2485:
1828:
1282:
977:
that did not have spines in the appendages may be better placed in a new genus in the family
664:
3602:
3390:
3180:
Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy)
3055:
Lamsdell, James C.; McCoy, Victoria E.; Perron-Feller, Opal A.; Hopkins, Melanie J. (2020).
1452:
1429:
4566:
3837:
3792:
3756:
3560:
3501:
3424:
3334:
3140:
3018:
2984:
2840:
2686:
1370:
1159:). Although most of the representatives of Adelophthalmoidea have been found in Laurentia,
1050:
has been classified within Adelophthalmidae, but it has also been suggested that it is the
652:
2603:
and Early Permian, due to the southern uplift, the drainage began to go north towards the
8:
3603:
1300:
was rendered almost completely extinct, only surviving Adelophthalmoidea (represented by
1180:
1112:
and Adelophthalmoidea itself. The most primitive members of Adelophthalmoidea evolved in
624:
possibly representing an exception) and with intramarginal (occurring within the margin)
3796:
3760:
3564:
3505:
3428:
3338:
3236:
Kjellesvig-Waering, Erik N. (1961). "The Silurian Eurypterida of the Welsh Borderland".
3144:
3022:
2844:
2690:
1867:
are positioned as relatively more basal to this clade and form a group supported by two
1091:
3816:
3695:
3663:
3638:
3584:
3448:
3358:
3307:
3280:
3245:
3156:
3088:
3034:
2864:
2856:
2759:
2702:
2596:
2457:
1219:
819:
392:
145:
3535:
2806:
1455:(the structure that contains the genital appendage) is made up of two fused segments.
1016:
was recognized as a different and much more basal species, and therefore a new genus,
896:
4654:
4155:
4088:
4080:
3820:
3808:
3804:
3744:
3720:
3668:
3614:
3588:
3576:
3572:
3452:
3440:
3350:
3195:
3128:
3092:
3080:
2952:
2764:
2746:
2670:
2604:
2576:
2481:
1927:
1600:
1578:
1448:
1210:(around 444-433 mya), suggesting that the adelophthalmids first appeared around this
802:
Boris Isidorovich Chernyshev described a new genus known by one single specimen from
742:
591:. The adelophthalmids were relatively small compared to their relatives, such as the
479:
3362:
3160:
3038:
2868:
2724:
2706:
2524:
coexisted, a more obvious marine influence is observed in the sections dominated by
791:
or even species of other genera. It is possible that the large amount of species in
4495:
4191:
4183:
4163:
4134:
4050:
3999:
3800:
3764:
3658:
3650:
3568:
3509:
3432:
3342:
3187:
3148:
3070:
3026:
2942:
2848:
2754:
2738:
2694:
2139:
2115:
2082:
1882:
has been interpreted as the most basal adelophthalmid. The carapace of this genus,
1531:
1207:
873:
871:
as the type species of the new subgenus. At the same time, he erected a new genus,
811:
681:
615:
581:
542:
495:
490:
484:
435:
356:
348:
340:
1120:, also known as Euramerica). In fact, the most basal species of the clade so far (
4604:
4524:
4370:
4227:
4168:
4124:
4027:
4014:
3714:
3513:
3214:
3061:
2729:
2584:
2243:
1672:
1400:
1251:
1211:
1195:
1063:, a new genus and species, was described based on a single specimen found in the
1037:
1032:
966:
498:
39:
575:
ranged from 4 centimetres (1.6 inch) to 32 cm (12.6 in), the smallest
4440:
4398:
4356:
4219:
4146:
4106:
4098:
4022:
3057:"Air Breathing in an Exceptionally Preserved 340-Million-Year-Old Sea Scorpion"
2675:(Eurypterida, Chelicerata) from the Devonian of the South Minusinsk Depression"
2571:
in those epochs more than an ecological change in the whole genus. Most of the
2508:, have been conserved in non-marine brackish-estuarine habitats, with possible
2494:
2205:
2156:
1965:
1917:
1868:
1634:
1565:
1444:
1395:
1167:, parts of eastern North America) and Baltica (that is, Laurussia), the nearly
1144:
1133:
1117:
1027:
886:
823:
722:
629:
587:
563:
458:
426:
308:
281:
231:
136:
3413:"The first documentation of an Ordovician eurypterid (Chelicerata) from China"
3346:
3191:
3152:
3075:
3056:
3030:
2852:
2698:
2575:
species were confined to paralic (in shallow water near the coast) or lowland
4689:
4447:
4419:
4412:
4384:
4363:
4116:
4055:
4045:
4037:
3991:
3981:
3973:
3929:
3893:
3812:
3768:
3580:
3444:
3354:
3199:
2956:
2750:
2626:
2356:
2034:
1837:
1553:
1405:
1386:
1358:
1290:
1286:
1164:
1156:
1109:
1105:
1018:
698:
676:
656:
625:
599:
521:
431:
332:
81:
3411:
Wang, Han; Braddy, Simon J.; Botting, Joseph; Zhang, Yuandong (2023-05-10).
2607:, increasing the distance to the ocean (about 2,400 km, 1490 mi).
450:. Adelophthalmidae is the only family classified as part of the superfamily
4405:
4237:
4173:
4129:
4004:
3672:
3654:
3084:
2947:
2930:
2768:
2742:
2448:
2291:
2219:
1982:
1941:
1719:
1648:
1125:
1051:
1042:
908:
In 1964, Kjellesvig-Waering described the genital operculum of the species
848:
843:
831:
807:
784:
693:
620:
530:
372:
364:
272:
795:
will eventually provoke its separation into two or three separate genera.
4613:
4502:
4479:
4377:
4071:
3964:
3902:
3884:
2561:
2065:
1518:
1497:
1477:
1297:
1140:
1059:
938:
541:
or the "walking eurypterids" were the last ones, surviving in the family
538:
501:) age and the last members, belonging to the long-lasting and widespread
465:
381:
324:
316:
218:
192:
56:
3436:
3263:
Kjellesvig-Waering, Erik N. (1964). "Eurypterida: Notes on the Subgenus
1902:. The position of its eyes has led some researchers to question whether
1875:); long narrow eyes and a complex termination of the genital appendage.
1307:
557:
123:
4633:
4468:
4454:
4433:
4426:
4391:
4232:
3920:
3911:
3860:
3699:
3311:
3284:
3249:
3009:(Eurypterida, Chelicerata) found in the Middle Devonian of Khakassia".
2860:
2622:
2615:
2599:, some 1,500 kilometres (930 miles) towards the south. During the Late
2592:
2537:
2498:
2339:
2315:
1441:
1378:
1354:
1277:). The eurypterids were one of the groups most heavily affected by the
1231:
1223:
1129:
1064:
978:
803:
747:
714:
595:
572:
509:
455:
439:
422:
205:
101:
66:
43:
4545:
4529:
4519:
3878:
2612:
2461:
1463:
1331:
1311:
Size comparison of the largest species of five adelophthalmid genera.
1247:
1188:
1152:
1113:
799:
604:
592:
447:
182:
162:
106:
50:
4575:
4598:
4488:
4461:
2477:
2267:
1832:
1696:
1294:
1243:
1227:
1184:
1160:
1080:
1072:
852:
734:
637:
611:
513:
476:
462:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
741:. The specimen would be described three years later by Jordan and
3485:"Distribution and dispersal history of Eurypterida (Chelicerata)"
3054:
2549:
1362:
1339:
1323:
1269:, presenting basal features such as the wide swimming leg (as in
1261:(around 393–408 mya, in Early Devonian), the earliest species of
1148:
1136:
990:
738:
675:, a gradual decrease in the spinosity (possessing spines) of the
603:, which easily exceeded 2 metres (6.5 feet), and was the largest
576:
443:
111:
86:
3215:"New representative of Merostomata from the Lower Carboniferous"
2814:
Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique
3872:
2630:
2591:
have been found), was connected or even part of a vast western
2557:
2473:
2469:
1382:
1373:
across the world, provoking a decrease in number of the genus.
1258:
985:
890:
710:
645:
472:
297:
172:
131:
3829:
2516:
appeared. In deposits of the Early Devonian of Germany, where
2907:
Ueber die Crustaceen der Steinkohlenformation von Saarbrücken
2544:
times (in the Late Carboniferous), times in which fossils of
1076:
969:
in the second to fifth pair of appendages, a swimming leg of
882:
660:
502:
3382:
Eurypterid phylogeny with remarks on the origin of arachnids
1022:, was named by Tetlie and Markus Poschmann. The carapace of
810:) and tentatively classified it as part of the Pterygotidae
516:
is entirely due to the survival, and subsequent success, of
494:, being known from deposits of Early Silurian (possibly the
3743:
Lamsdell, James; Hoşgör, Izzet; Selden, Paul (2013-01-31).
2553:
2509:
725:
Hermann Jordan collected the first specimen of the species
2567:
However, this could be related to the diversification of
3781:
3297:
3176:
826:
eurypterid, an adelophthalmid or a member of the genus
3410:
3005:
Shpinev, Evgeniy S. (2012). "New species of the genus
2985:"A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives"
881:
as the type species. Kjellesvig-Waering based its new
1871:(shared characteristics different from that of their
3742:
3126:
2504:
The first adelophthalmids, for example the Scottish
1242:
is not entirely certain. The first species lived in
2595:(a sunken zone) in whose drainage went towards the
3262:
3235:
1322:became approximately circumequatorial (around the
3712:
3493:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2982:
1841:, the basalmost adelophthalmid genus and species.
1349:During the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian,
4687:
3219:State University of Kiev, Geological Collections
3127:Erik Tetlie, O; Poschmann, Markus (2008-06-01).
2929:Tetlie, O. Erik; Dunlop, Jason A. (2005-11-01).
2668:
482:. With the earliest known members of the group,
3713:Bergstrom, Carl T.; Dugatkin, Lee Alan (2012).
1198:. The oldest representatives of the group were
1026:and other basal members of the closely related
936:. They also described a new genus and species,
3636:
3482:
2722:
2669:Shpinev, Evgeniy S.; Filimonov, A. N. (2018).
3845:
3637:Lamsdell, James C.; Braddy, Simon J. (2009).
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
2983:Dunlop, J. A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. (2018).
2804:
2723:Lamsdell, James C.; Braddy, Simon J. (2009).
1440:The adelophthamids are classified within the
1381:(around 290-284 mya, Early Permian) epoch of
2928:
1369:that caused alterations of depositional and
3685:
3852:
3838:
3609:. Oxford University Press. 1997. pp.
3459:
3212:
2480:. A marine influence is commonly found in
965:. This clade was based on the presence of
798:In 1948, the Ukrainian paleontologist and
705:, the first adelophthalmid ever described.
685:probably did not even possess the latter.
648:(the posteriormost division of the body).
471:Adelophthalmid eurypterids were small and
122:
3662:
3550:
3533:
3324:
3074:
2946:
2830:
2758:
454:, which in turn is classified within the
2489:the one they originated, exemplified by
2447:
1827:
1424:
1306:
1090:
895:
885:mainly on the presence of supplementary
692:
556:
3004:
1086:
993:(of the prosoma, "head") appendages of
644:) and with a lanceolate (lance-shaped)
14:
4688:
3738:
3736:
3632:
3630:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3122:
3050:
3048:
2905:Jordan, H. & von Meyer, H. 1854. "
1410:Permian–Triassic mass extinction event
1099:, one of the earliest adelophthalmids.
900:Reconstruction of the swimming leg of
688:
4580:
4579:
3833:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
2924:
2922:
2664:
2662:
2548:have been associated with freshwater
1823:
1420:
1326:). Out of the 33 species referred to
1293:, all of them non-marine groups. The
655:of the group varies depending on how
3605:Mass Extinctions and Their Aftermath
3172:
3170:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2718:
2716:
2621:Adelophthalmidae is considered as a
2497:of Australia, where more than 2,000
932:to the generic level under the name
3733:
3627:
3369:
3133:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
3045:
24:
3271:) from the Silurian of New York".
3099:
2919:
2805:Tetlie, O.E.; van Roy, P. (2006).
2659:
984:Odd Erik Tetlie in an unpublished
713:to be uncovered were those of the
25:
4742:
3167:
2963:
2779:
2713:
1415:
547:Permian–Triassic extinction event
475:eurypterids that appeared in the
4562:
4561:
4258:
3805:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00390.x
3573:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00528.x
3389:. pp. 1–344. Archived from
1095:Type and only known specimen of
847:sufficiently different from the
149:
54:
4551:Timeline of eurypterid research
3859:
3775:
3706:
3679:
3595:
3544:
3527:
3404:
3318:
3291:
3256:
3229:
3206:
2648:Timeline of eurypterid research
2443:
636:-type, that is, with a seventh
571:The size of the adelophthalmid
4731:Prehistoric arthropod families
3537:The Habitat of the Eurypterida
2998:
2994:. Natural History Museum Bern.
2899:
2875:
2824:
1361:, a type of common and stable
1279:Late Devonian extinction event
1179:(western and central Europe),
552:
13:
1:
3213:Chernyshev, Boris I. (1948).
2653:
2552:and terrestrial organisms in
1155:(most of eastern continental
997:-type. This family contained
4721:Llandovery first appearances
3514:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.011
1230:, from the beginning of the
1218:, with fossils found in the
659:(evolutionary advanced) the
520:throughout the Devonian and
421:(the name deriving from the
291:Jordan & von Meyer, 1854
7:
2636:
2528:than in those dominated by
1878:At the base of the family,
851:to be separated into a new
10:
4747:
3534:O'Connell M. "Chapter I".
1389:, was the last species of
1204:Nanahughmilleria prominens
1124:) has been recovered from
1097:Nanahughmilleria prominens
1083:into the late Ordovician.
806:(at that time part of the
775:, all now synonymous with
628:. The swimming leg (sixth
588:Adelophthalmus khakassicus
585:and the largest one being
485:Nanahughmilleria prominens
4588:
4559:
4538:
4512:
4478:
4348:
4305:
4267:
4256:
4218:
4200:
4182:
4154:
4143:
4115:
4097:
4079:
4068:
4036:
4013:
3990:
3972:
3961:
3953:List of eurypterid genera
3945:
3938:
3867:
3379:Tetlie, Odd Erik (2004).
3347:10.1017/S0022336000041275
3153:10.1017/S1477201907002416
3076:10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.034
3031:10.1134/S0031030112050103
2853:10.1017/S0022336000041275
2699:10.1134/S0031030118130129
2643:List of eurypterid genera
2581:depositional environments
2353:
2336:
2329:
2312:
2305:
2288:
2281:
2264:
2257:
2240:
2233:
2216:
2209:
2153:
2136:
2129:
2112:
2105:
2079:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2031:
2024:
2014:
1979:
1962:
1955:
1938:
1931:
1921:
1717:
1710:
1693:
1686:
1669:
1662:
1645:
1638:
1620:
1613:
1598:
1591:
1576:
1569:
1551:
1544:
1529:
1522:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1434:Pittsfordipterus phelpsae
1401:Campylocephalus permianus
1357:environments adjacent to
709:The first adelophthalmid
398:
391:
303:
296:
278:
271:
146:Scientific classification
144:
137:Adelophthalmus mansfieldi
130:
121:
34:
3769:10.1016/j.gr.2012.04.006
2522:Adelophthalmus sievertsi
2518:Parahughmilleria hefteri
2506:Parahughmilleria hefteri
1430:Type A genital appendage
1175:was also present in the
1014:Nanahughmilleria patteni
582:Nanahughmilleria clarkei
3688:Journal of Paleontology
3483:O. Erik Tetlie (2007).
3417:Journal of Paleontology
3327:Journal of Paleontology
3300:Journal of Paleontology
3273:Journal of Paleontology
3238:Journal of Paleontology
3192:10.13130/2039-4942/6029
3011:Paleontological Journal
2833:Journal of Paleontology
2679:Paleontological Journal
1177:Rheno-Hercynian Terrane
838:may never be resolved.
703:Adelophthalmus granosus
663:was. In fact, from the
600:Jaekelopterus rhenaniae
508:, going extinct in the
282:Adelophthalmus granosus
3655:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0700
2948:10.1002/mmng.200410001
2743:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0700
2465:
1873:latest common ancestor
1842:
1437:
1353:lived in brackish and
1312:
1200:Parahughmilleria maria
1100:
939:Bassipterus virginicus
905:
706:
568:
491:Parahughmilleria maria
430:, meaning "no obvious
4711:Carboniferous animals
4668:Paleobiology Database
3387:University of Bristol
2773:Supplemental material
2532:. This suggests that
2476:, which have reduced
2454:Adelophthalmus imhofi
2451:
1838:Eysyslopterus patteni
1831:
1428:
1371:vegetational patterns
1310:
1122:Eysyslopterus patteni
1094:
1060:Archopterus anjiensis
899:
696:
564:Adelophthalmus irinae
560:
27:Family of eurypterids
2992:World Spider Catalog
1404:persisted until the
1187:part of the current
1087:Evolutionary history
671:to the more derived
407:Parahughmilleriidae
4726:Permian extinctions
3797:2004Palgy..47..801T
3761:2013GondR..23..354L
3565:2006Palgy..49...67P
3506:2007PPP...252..557T
3437:10.1017/jpa.2023.21
3429:2023JPal...97..606W
3339:1989JPal...63..642T
3145:2008JSPal...6..237T
3023:2012PalJ...46..470S
2845:1989JPal...63..642T
2691:2018PalJ...52.1553S
2456:, exhibited at the
1412:or shortly before.
689:History of research
618:plate of the head,
401:Nanahughmilleridae
4081:Onychopterelloidea
2597:Paleo-Tethys Ocean
2587:(where fossils of
2466:
2458:Senckenberg Museum
1843:
1824:Internal phylogeny
1438:
1421:External phylogeny
1313:
1250:water or in fully
1220:Kip Burn Formation
1171:(worldwide) genus
1132:) deposits of the
1101:
1069:Wenchang Formation
906:
834:classification of
707:
569:
561:Reconstruction of
4696:Adelophthalmoidea
4683:
4682:
4655:Open Tree of Life
4582:Taxon identifiers
4573:
4572:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4202:Adelophthalmoidea
4184:Waeringopteroidea
4156:Carcinosomatoidea
4089:Onychopterellidae
4064:
4063:
3749:Gondwana Research
3069:(21): 4316–4321.
2911:Palaeontographica
2685:(13): 1553–1560.
2671:"A New Record of
2605:Panthalassa Ocean
2501:have been found.
2440:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2368:
2367:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2094:
2093:
2021:Adelophthalmoidea
2003:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1928:Waeringopteroidea
1820:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1623:Adelophthalmoidea
1601:Waeringopteroidea
1579:Carcinosomatoidea
1508:
1507:
1453:genital operculum
1449:Carcinosomatoidea
855:, which he named
743:Hermann von Meyer
607:ever discovered.
452:Adelophthalmoidea
446:group of aquatic
416:
415:
410:
404:
267:
250:
245:Adelophthalmoidea
18:Adelophthalmoidea
16:(Redirected from
4738:
4706:Devonian animals
4701:Silurian animals
4676:
4675:
4663:
4662:
4650:
4649:
4637:
4636:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4620:Adelophthalmidae
4609:
4608:
4607:
4590:Adelophthalmidae
4577:
4576:
4565:
4564:
4539:Related articles
4496:Merostomichnites
4262:
4210:Adelophthalmidae
4192:Waeringopteridae
4164:Carcinosomatidae
4152:
4151:
4135:Strobilopteridae
4077:
4076:
4051:Hibbertopteridae
4000:Parastylonuridae
3970:
3969:
3943:
3942:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3666:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3608:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3516:. Archived from
3500:(3–4): 557–574.
3489:
3480:
3457:
3456:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3306:(5): 1109–1122.
3295:
3289:
3288:
3269:Nanahughmilleria
3260:
3254:
3253:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3124:
3097:
3096:
3078:
3052:
3043:
3042:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2980:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2926:
2917:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2811:
2802:
2777:
2776:
2762:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2666:
2526:Parahughmilleria
2332:
2331:
2308:
2307:
2284:
2283:
2260:
2259:
2236:
2235:
2212:
2211:
2140:Parahughmilleria
2132:
2131:
2116:Nanahughmilleria
2108:
2107:
2083:Pittsfordipterus
2058:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2027:
2026:
2017:
2016:
1958:
1957:
1934:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1865:Pittsfordipterus
1857:Nanahughmilleria
1848:Parahughmilleria
1713:
1712:
1689:
1688:
1665:
1664:
1641:
1640:
1616:
1615:
1594:
1593:
1572:
1571:
1547:
1546:
1532:Megalograptoidea
1525:
1524:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1275:Parahughmilleria
1271:Nanahughmilleria
1206:, both from the
1128:(around 427-423
1038:waeringopteroids
1007:Parahughmilleria
1003:Pittsfordipterus
955:Parahughmilleria
934:Pittsfordipterus
874:Parahughmilleria
865:Nanahughmilleria
857:Nanahughmilleria
682:Pittsfordipterus
669:Nanahughmilleria
543:Hibbertopteridae
419:Adelophthalmidae
408:
402:
357:Pittsfordipterus
349:Parahughmilleria
341:Nanahughmilleria
265:
262:Adelophthalmidae
260:
248:
243:
230:
217:
204:
154:
153:
126:
116:
53:
38:Temporal range:
35:Adelophthalmidae
32:
31:
21:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4716:Permian animals
4686:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4671:
4666:
4658:
4653:
4645:
4640:
4632:
4627:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4584:
4574:
4569:
4555:
4534:
4525:Chasmataspidida
4508:
4474:
4371:Campylocephalus
4344:
4301:
4263:
4242:
4228:Hughmilleriidae
4214:
4196:
4178:
4169:Megalograptidae
4145:
4139:
4125:Dolichopteridae
4111:
4099:Moselopteroidea
4093:
4070:
4060:
4046:Drepanopteridae
4032:
4028:Hardieopteridae
4015:Kokomopteroidea
4009:
3986:
3963:
3957:
3934:
3863:
3858:
3828:
3780:
3776:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3711:
3707:
3684:
3680:
3643:Biology Letters
3635:
3628:
3621:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3549:
3545:
3532:
3528:
3520:
3487:
3481:
3460:
3409:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3377:
3370:
3323:
3319:
3296:
3292:
3261:
3257:
3234:
3230:
3211:
3207:
3175:
3168:
3125:
3100:
3062:Current Biology
3053:
3046:
3003:
2999:
2987:
2981:
2964:
2927:
2920:
2904:
2900:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2829:
2825:
2809:
2803:
2780:
2730:Biology Letters
2721:
2714:
2667:
2660:
2656:
2639:
2585:Saar-Nahe Basin
2472:, estuaries or
2446:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2244:Herefordopterus
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2095:
2004:
1995:
1892:Herefordopterus
1884:Herefordopterus
1826:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1673:Herefordopterus
1509:
1423:
1418:
1367:climatic change
1252:marine habitats
1196:Middle Devonian
1089:
1033:Herefordopterus
999:Nanahughmileria
814:. It was named
773:Polyzosternites
691:
555:
292:
285:
266:Tollerton, 1989
264:
258:
249:Tollerton, 1989
247:
241:
228:
215:
202:
148:
117:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
49:455–283.5
48:
47:
40:Late Ordovician
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4744:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4664:
4651:
4638:
4625:
4610:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4571:
4570:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4513:Related groups
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4441:Onychopterella
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4399:Hibbertopterus
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4357:Adelophthalmus
4352:
4350:
4349:Notable genera
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4220:Pterygotioidea
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4149:
4147:Diploperculata
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4107:Moselopteridae
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4074:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4023:Kokomopteridae
4019:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3974:Rhenopteroidea
3967:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3923:
3914:
3905:
3896:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3834:
3827:
3826:
3791:(4): 801–809.
3774:
3755:(1): 354–366.
3732:
3726:978-0393913415
3725:
3705:
3694:(4): 709–729.
3678:
3649:(2): 265–269.
3626:
3620:978-0198549161
3619:
3594:
3543:
3526:
3523:on 2011-07-18.
3458:
3423:(3): 606–611.
3403:
3368:
3333:(5): 642–657.
3317:
3290:
3279:(2): 410–412.
3255:
3244:(4): 789–835.
3228:
3205:
3166:
3139:(2): 237–249.
3098:
3044:
3017:(5): 470–475.
3007:Adelophthalmus
2997:
2962:
2918:
2898:
2887:www.palass.org
2874:
2839:(5): 642–657.
2823:
2778:
2737:(2): 265–269.
2712:
2673:Adelophthalmus
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2609:Adelophthalmus
2593:subsiding area
2573:Adelophthalmus
2569:Adelophthalmus
2564:environment).
2560:(indicating a
2546:Adelophthalmus
2534:Adelophthalmus
2530:Adelophthalmus
2514:Adelophthalmus
2495:Gogo Formation
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2206:Pterygotioidea
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:Adelophthalmus
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1966:Waeringopterus
1961:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1920:
1918:Diploperculata
1912:
1900:Adelophthalmus
1869:synapomorphies
1852:Adelophthalmus
1825:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1635:Pterygotioidea
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1566:Diploperculata
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1445:Diploperculata
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Classification
1414:
1396:hibbertopterid
1391:Adelophthalmus
1359:coastal plains
1351:Adelophthalmus
1328:Adelophthalmus
1320:Adelophthalmus
1316:Adelophthalmus
1302:Adelophthalmus
1263:Adelophthalmus
1173:Adelophthalmus
1145:Eastern Europe
1134:paleocontinent
1118:supercontinent
1088:
1085:
1028:Pterygotioidea
975:Adelophthalmus
971:Adelophthalmus
951:Adelophthalmus
828:Adelophthalmus
820:classification
793:Adelophthalmus
789:Adelophthalmus
781:Adelophthalmus
777:Adelophthalmus
765:Glyptoscorpius
761:Anthraconectes
757:Adelophthalmus
753:Adelophthalmus
723:paleontologist
719:Adelophthalmus
690:
687:
673:Adelophthalmus
667:("primitive")
634:Adelophthalmus
554:
551:
528:(and possibly
526:Adelophthalmus
518:Adelophthalmus
506:Adelophthalmus
459:Diploperculata
427:Adelophthalmus
414:
413:
412:
411:
409:Plotnick, 1983
405:
396:
395:
389:
388:
387:
386:
377:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
309:Adelophthalmus
301:
300:
294:
293:
286:
276:
275:
269:
268:
256:
252:
251:
239:
235:
234:
232:Diploperculata
226:
222:
221:
213:
209:
208:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
142:
141:
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4743:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4674:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4568:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4448:Pentecopterus
4445:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4420:Megalograptus
4417:
4415:
4414:
4413:Jaekelopterus
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4385:Drepanopterus
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4364:Brachyopterus
4361:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4340:South America
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:North America
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4292:Carboniferous
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4269:Geochronology
4266:
4261:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4117:Eurypteroidea
4114:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4067:
4057:
4056:Mycteroptidae
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4038:Mycteropoidea
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3992:Stylonuroidea
3989:
3983:
3982:Rhenopteridae
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3930:Sclerophorata
3927:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3894:Euchelicerata
3891:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3850:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3785:Palaeontology
3778:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3737:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3631:
3622:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3553:Palaeontology
3547:
3539:
3538:
3530:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3393:on 2021-07-30
3392:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3373:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3051:
3049:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2935:Fossil Record
2932:
2925:
2923:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2629:and possibly
2628:
2627:paleosalinity
2624:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2601:Pennsylvanian
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2491:A. waterstoni
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:Jaekelopterus
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:Eysyslopterus
2029:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:Eysyslopterus
1901:
1897:
1896:Eysyslopterus
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1880:Eysyslopterus
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:Eurypteroidea
1549:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1406:Changhsingian
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1387:United States
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1291:Carboniferous
1288:
1287:Late Devonian
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:type locality
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:Great Britain
1162:
1158:
1157:North America
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:Stylonuroidea
1107:
1106:Mycteropoidea
1098:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:Eysyslopterus
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1024:Eysyslopterus
1021:
1020:
1019:Eysyslopterus
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
940:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
903:
898:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:indeterminate
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720:
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699:type specimen
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522:Carboniferous
519:
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510:Early Permian
507:
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337:
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333:Eysyslopterus
329:
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321:
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305:
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284:
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4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4238:Pterygotidae
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4201:
4174:Mixopteridae
4130:Eurypteridae
4005:Stylonuridae
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3916:
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3556:
3552:
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3518:the original
3497:
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3391:the original
3381:
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2354:
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2337:
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2292:Erettopterus
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2289:
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2242:
2241:
2220:Hughmilleria
2218:
2217:
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2114:
2113:
2081:
2080:
2064:
2063:
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2032:
2020:
1983:Grossopterus
1981:
1980:
1964:
1963:
1942:Orcanopterus
1940:
1939:
1908:
1903:
1899:
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1887:
1883:
1879:
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1720:Pterygotidae
1718:
1695:
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1649:Hughmilleria
1647:
1646:
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1467:
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1375:A. sellardsi
1374:
1350:
1348:
1344:Unionopterus
1343:
1336:amalgamation
1327:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1301:
1283:environments
1274:
1270:
1267:A. sievertsi
1266:
1262:
1256:
1239:
1215:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1172:
1169:cosmopolitan
1147:, precisely
1121:
1116:(an ancient
1102:
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1058:
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1052:sister taxon
1047:
1043:Orcanopterus
1041:
1031:
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1017:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1005:and perhaps
1002:
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983:
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963:Unionopterus
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901:
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868:
864:
860:
856:
849:type species
844:Hughmilleria
842:
840:
836:Unionopterus
835:
832:phylogenetic
827:
816:Unionopterus
815:
808:Soviet Union
797:
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788:
780:
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768:
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760:
756:
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529:
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483:
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417:
403:Tetlie, 2004
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373:Unionopterus
371:
365:Pruemopterus
363:
355:
347:
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
288:
280:
273:Type species
261:
244:
225:Infraorder:
135:
29:
4614:Wikispecies
4503:Palmichnium
4480:Ichnogenera
4378:Carcinosoma
4072:Eurypterina
3965:Stylonurina
3903:Prosomapoda
3885:Chelicerata
3883:Subphylum:
3861:Eurypterids
2941:(1): 3–12.
2616:xiphosurans
2589:A. granosus
2499:crustaceans
2066:Bassipterus
1861:Bassipterus
1519:Eurypterina
1498:Stylonurina
1478:Eurypterida
1338:(union) of
1298:Eurypterina
1183:and in the
1141:Scandinavia
959:Bassipterus
902:Bassipterus
769:Lepidoderma
727:A. granosus
573:eurypterids
553:Description
466:Eurypterina
440:eurypterids
382:Wiedopterus
325:Bassipterus
317:Archopterus
219:Eurypterina
206:Eurypterida
193:Chelicerata
189:Subphylum:
4690:Categories
4469:Stylonurus
4455:Pterygotus
4434:Mixopterus
4427:Megarachne
4392:Eurypterus
4277:Ordovician
4233:Slimonidae
4144:Infraorder
3921:Dekatriata
3912:Planaterga
3879:Arthropoda
3719:. Norton.
3397:2018-11-01
3225:: 119–130.
2892:2018-05-14
2654:References
2623:euryhaline
2562:coal swamp
2538:Bashkirian
2452:Fossil of
2340:Acutiramus
2316:Pterygotus
1442:infraorder
1379:Artinskian
1355:freshwater
1265:appeared,
1240:P. hefteri
1232:Wenlockian
1224:Lesmahagow
1216:P. hefteri
1208:Llandovery
1163:(Germany,
1065:Ordovician
1036:) and the
979:Slimonidae
944:Eurypterus
879:P. salteri
818:, and its
804:Kazakhstan
779:), making
748:Eurypterus
715:type genus
677:appendages
653:morphology
596:pterygotid
545:until the
496:Llandovery
456:infraorder
448:arthropods
423:type genus
212:Suborder:
183:Arthropoda
44:Artinskian
4605:Q21759233
4546:Metastoma
4530:Xiphosura
4520:Arachnida
4307:Geography
3871:Kingdom:
3821:140660207
3813:0031-0239
3716:Evolution
3589:128842510
3581:1475-4983
3453:258623960
3445:0022-3360
3355:0022-3360
3200:2039-4942
3093:221590821
2957:1860-1014
2751:1744-9561
2613:belinurid
2556:-bearing
2542:Moscovian
2462:Frankfurt
1464:cladogram
1377:from the
1332:Paleozoic
1248:estuarine
1189:Australia
1153:Laurentia
1126:Ludlovian
1114:Laurussia
1057:In 2023,
1012:In 2008,
869:norvegica
800:geologist
783:the most
632:) was of
605:arthropod
169:Kingdom:
163:Eukaryota
4599:Wikidata
4567:Category
4489:Arcuites
4462:Slimonia
4287:Devonian
4282:Silurian
4069:Suborder
3962:Suborder
3939:Taxonomy
3877:Phylum:
3873:Animalia
3673:19828493
3363:46953627
3161:59488956
3085:32916114
3039:84097923
2869:46953627
2820:: 79–90.
2769:19828493
2707:91741388
2637:See also
2550:bivalves
2486:sections
2482:horizons
2478:salinity
2268:Slimonia
1833:Carapace
1697:Slimonia
1398:species
1295:suborder
1244:brackish
1228:Scotland
1185:Gondwana
1161:Avalonia
1081:Silurian
1073:Zhejiang
991:prosomal
930:phelpsae
918:phelpsae
853:subgenus
735:Saarland
638:podomere
612:carapace
593:gigantic
514:Devonian
477:Silurian
473:swimming
463:suborder
434:") is a
393:Synonyms
255:Family:
179:Phylum:
173:Animalia
159:Domain:
4660:4704964
4634:4806330
4335:Oceania
4297:Permian
3793:Bibcode
3757:Bibcode
3700:1304420
3664:2865068
3561:Bibcode
3502:Bibcode
3425:Bibcode
3385:(PhD).
3335:Bibcode
3312:1301985
3285:1301566
3250:1301214
3141:Bibcode
3019:Bibcode
2916:: 1–15.
2861:1305624
2841:Bibcode
2760:2865068
2687:Bibcode
2470:lagoons
1363:habitat
1340:Pangaea
1324:Equator
1285:by the
1257:In the
1181:Siberia
1149:Estonia
1137:Baltica
877:, with
785:diverse
739:Germany
711:fossils
657:derived
642:segment
577:species
461:in the
444:extinct
287:Jordan
199:Order:
4673:212141
4647:101154
4325:Europe
4315:Africa
3946:Genera
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2631:oxygen
2577:basins
2558:strata
2474:deltas
1470:2013.
1468:et al.
1383:Kansas
1259:Emsian
1067:-aged
986:thesis
967:spines
891:distal
812:family
646:telson
616:dorsal
579:being
480:period
436:family
298:Genera
132:Fossil
4642:IRMNG
3926:Clade
3917:Clade
3908:Clade
3899:Clade
3890:Clade
3817:S2CID
3696:JSTOR
3585:S2CID
3521:(PDF)
3488:(PDF)
3449:S2CID
3359:S2CID
3308:JSTOR
3281:JSTOR
3246:JSTOR
3186:(2).
3157:S2CID
3089:S2CID
3035:S2CID
2988:(PDF)
2865:S2CID
2857:JSTOR
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2703:S2CID
2579:, in
2510:tidal
1212:epoch
1077:China
887:lobes
883:clade
665:basal
661:genus
614:(the
503:genus
499:epoch
442:, an
4629:GBIF
4320:Asia
3809:ISSN
3721:ISBN
3669:PMID
3615:ISBN
3577:ISSN
3441:ISSN
3351:ISSN
3196:ISSN
3081:PMID
2953:ISSN
2765:PMID
2747:ISSN
2554:coal
2540:and
2520:and
1886:and
1863:and
1850:and
1462:The
1273:and
1202:and
1143:and
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651:The
630:limb
626:eyes
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