Knowledge

Adriano Olivetti

Source đź“ť

408:
demonstrated greater caution toward the regime. He then married Paola Levi, Gino's sister, in a civil ceremony. Paola, intolerant of the provincialism of Ivrea, convinced him to move his residence to Milan. This was one of the cultural turning points for Adriano because in Milan, he could meet the intelligentsia that later brought him closer to architecture, urban planning, psychology, and sociology. He still had problems with the regime when Gino Levi and Paola Levi's brother, Mario (who worked at Olivetti), was stopped at the Swiss border with a car full of Justice and Liberty pamphlets. He managed to escape, but the consequence was that Gino Levi and their father were arrested, remaining in the homeland's prisons for about two months.
157: 444:
one. However, these qualities did not prevent Bottai from being a staunch promoter of the Manifesto of Race and one of the most fanatical supporters of fascist racial laws. His connection with the regime was of short duration. In architecture, Mussolini's tastes changed: from rationalism, he shifted to a regime architecture intended to echo the splendors of Imperial Rome. In any case, the plan for the Aosta Valley had another exhibition in Rome, and newspapers covered it, as evidenced by a letter that Camillo wrote to Adriano.
497:, founded by him in the city of Turin in 1948. In 1950, he presented his vision of the primacy of Urban Planning and Planning in politics. Under the influence of business success and his communal ideals, in the fifties, Ivrea gathered an extraordinary number of intellectuals working (some within the company, some within the Community Movement) in different disciplinary fields, pursuing the project of a creative synthesis between technical-scientific culture and humanistic culture. 231: 33: 404:
driven by Adriano, which reached Savona, where Pertini awaited them. Together, they sailed to Corsica and then reached France and Paris. How Adriano Olivetti managed not to be involved in the fascist investigation that followed Turati's escape is unclear. Two hypotheses can be formulated: one related to the fortune or superficiality of the investigations, and the other (which can only be hypothesized) involving protections from the Turin "giodiani" circles.
1131: 416:
removed from the central political record in 1937 and requested—and obtained—a membership card from the National Fascist Party (PNF). Not only that; he was also received by Mussolini at Palazzo Venezia, where the entrepreneur from Ivrea presented his plan to Il Duce. In any case, the plan for the Aosta Valley received recognition and was exhibited in a show in Rome. Newspapers covered it, as evidenced by a letter that Camillo wrote to Adriano:
1358: 239:
non-differentiation between manual and intellectual work. During their time away from study, his children worked with and under the same conditions as his workers. The discipline and sobriety the older Olivetti imposed on his family induced rebellion in the younger Olivetti's adolescence manifested by a dislike of his father's workplace and by his studying at a
608:, Switzerland. A few kilometres after the border between the two countries, he had a neuronal bleeding that led to his death. An autopsy has not been delivered, leaving various hypothesis opened, including the one that sees the participation of some United States-based lobbies in Olivetti's death. After the declassification of documents elaborated by the 619:. He decreased the hours of work and increased salaries and fringe benefits. By 1957, Olivetti workers were the best paid of all in the metallurgical industry, and Olivetti workers showed the highest productivity. His corporatism also succeeded in having his workers accept a company union not tied to the powerful national metallurgical trade unions. 412:
Figini and Gino Pollini, who were at the forefront of architectural rationalism that was initially supported by Mussolini. The two architects corresponded to the great Le Corbusier, who, for a certain period, was also an admirer of Mussolini during those years defined as the years of consensus. Figini and Pollini joined the fascist party.
214:. In his company, apart from managers and technicians, he enrolled a large number of artists like writers and architects, following his interest in design and urban and building planning that were closely linked with his personal utopian vision. His participatory and enlightened corporate model was contrasted to the paternalism of 623:
organizational methods were sought and humanistic idealism spread during the cruel time of World War II, as well as during the difficult post-war years. While the utopia of Olivetti could not have easily survived, it helped induce the rapid reconversion of Italy's industry from war to peacetime production.
403:
political movement. Along with the Levi family, Adriano was among the protagonists of the daring escape: initially hosted by the Levis in their home in Turin, Turati then reached Ivrea. He stopped for the night at the home of Giuseppe Pero, an executive at Olivetti, and left the next morning in a car
238:
Olivetti's father, Camillo Olivetti, who was Jewish, believed that his children could get a better education at home. Olivetti's formative years were spent under the tutelage of his mother, daughter of the local Waldensian pastor, an educated and sober woman. As a socialist, his father emphasized the
622:
During the 1950s, the Community Movement succeeded politically in Ivrea, where Olivetti was elected mayor in 1956. The utopia at the factory and in Italy at large began withering away even before his death in 1960. Olivetti's era saw great changes in Italian business and in industrial relations. New
371:
and, after a study trip to the United States with Domenico Burzio (Technical Director of Olivetti), where he updated himself on organizational business practices, he joined his father's factory in 1926. At the request of Camillo, he gained initial work experience as a laborer. He became the director
415:
Certainly, Adriano was influenced by them; they would be the architects of the new Olivetti and, with Adriano, contributors to the plan for the Aosta Valley (of which Ivrea was part during those years). We do not know with how much conviction, but it is proven that Adriano Olivetti was definitively
290:
and created an Advertising Department at Olivetti that worked with artists and designers. The creation of an Organization Office followed one year later, when he became general manager, and the project for the first portable typewriter started. His success in business did not diminish his idealism.
282:
model and transformed the shop into a factory with departments and divisions. Possibly as a result of this reorganization, output per man-hour doubled within five years. Olivetti for the first time sold half of the typewriters used in Italy in 1933. He shared with his workers the productivity gains
443:
His political affiliations during that period were with Giuseppe Bottai, who always represented a dissenting voice within fascism. Prudent enough not to be expelled like Massimo Rocca, Bottai was still a free spirit representing the other side of fascism, the less totalitarian and more problematic
411:
During that time, Adriano mobilized and spent a lot of his money to defend his father-in-law and brother-in-law. This was the period when Camillo Olivetti's passport was temporarily withdrawn. However, relations with fascism improved in the thirties. It was mainly the meeting with architects Luigi
363:
We know that he also collaborated with "Tempi Nuovi," the Turin political weekly promoted by his father along with Donato Bachi (who became its director) and other progressives. With the newspaper's first critical and then more marked anti-fascist turn, there was also a political shift for Adriano
359:
In 1919, he collaborated with his father in the editing of "L'Azione Riformista," as evidenced by numerous references from his father, although we are unable to identify articles written by Adriano Olivetti as they were either anonymous or signed with a pseudonym. When, in 1920, Camillo decided to
553:
Meanwhile, Adriano had remarried in 1950 to Grazia Galletti, several years after divorcing Paola. At that time, he already had three children: Roberto (who would succeed him at the helm of the company), Lidia, and Anna. With Grazia, he had another daughter, Laura. In the same year, he joined the
447:
Then there was silence, with the war in Africa first, the Spanish Civil War, and then the Second World War. Adriano Olivetti's consensus weakened until it led him to open anti-fascism. Badoglio accused him of portraying Italy in a bad light with the USA. During the war years, he sought refuge in
342:
in the late 1950s. During this period, first calculators and then computers replaced the typewriter as a prime production focus. Olivetti shared his time between business pursuits and attempts to practice and spread the utopian ideal of community life. His belief was that people who respect each
407:
From 1931, the Aosta police (from whom the entrepreneur needed certification of Aryan race membership due to his father's Jewish origins) defined the young Olivetti as subversive. Adriano Olivetti was later appointed General Manager and, alongside assuming responsibilities in the Ivrea factory,
387:
regime with moments of active militancy. However, from articles in "Tempi Nuovi," at least until 1923, it is known that the editorial team had a relationship of mutual respect with Turin fascism led by Mario Gioda, who, although disappearing in 1924, left many followers in the Turin federation.
512:
gained considerable importance in Italy in the fifties in the fields of economic, social, and political culture. The political initiative aimed to create a socio-technocratic movement of around thirty deputies capable of constituting the balance between the center (dominated by the
466:
the world's leading office products company, he combined an insatiable thirst for research and experimentation on how to harmonize industrial development with the assertion of human rights and participatory democracy, both inside and outside the factory.
436:, I noticed that your name has been omitted. I don't know if the article was written by you (in which case, I warn you not to be too modest) or by others who did not want to mention your name, in which case, I would like to know the reason (…)" 360:
suspend the publication of that Canavese weekly, which he considered too provincial and lacking real influence in politics, Adriano persuaded his father to transfer the publication to him "and his young friends," but it did not go beyond 1920.
277:
His visit to various plants in the United States, especially Remington, convinced Olivetti that productivity is a function of the organizational system. With the approval of father, he organized the production system at Olivetti on a
580:. His vote was significant for the vote of confidence in the Fanfani government. During his city administration, the fountain dedicated to his father, Camillo, was inaugurated on September 29, 1957. Also in 1957, the 478:
idea of the state, which, in his vision, was based on communities—territorial units that were culturally homogeneous and economically autonomous. He became a supporter of European federalism after meeting
323:
movements, was jailed, and at the end sought refuge in Switzerland. There, he was in close contact with the intellectual emigrees and he was able to further develop his socio-philosophy of the
335:
and to obtain a negotiated Italian retreat from the war assuming a mediation of the Holy See and making strong the support that he enjoyed with influential Italian political circles.
554:
Board of Directors of the National Institute of Urban Planning, which he had joined ten years earlier. In 1937, he had participated in a series of studies on a master plan for the
486:
In 1949, Olivetti converted to Catholicism "due to the conviction of its superior theology." Towards the end of the forties, he was for a period in analysis with Ernst Bernhard.
262:
regime, his father sent him to the United States to learn the roots of American industrial power. For the same reasons, he later went to England. Upon his return, he married
291:
In the 1930s, he developed an interest in architecture, as well as urban and community planning. He supervised a housing plan for the workers at Ivrea, a small city near
569:, offering above-average salaries and assistance to workers' families. The productivity at this facility surpassed that of the colleagues in the Ivrea factory. 561:
Urban planning was just one of Olivetti's many passions; he also delved into history, philosophy, literature, and art. He personally funded the revival of the
303:, patronizing workers at work and at home was in line with the corporative design of the regime. While Olivetti showed distaste for the regime, he joined the 666: 364:
Olivetti, influenced by the cultural environment of the Polytechnic and his friendship with the Levi family, especially with Gino Levi, his course mate.
69: 844: 780:
Mireno Berrettini, La Gran Bretagna e l'Antifascismo italiano. Diplomazia clandestina, Intelligence, Operazioni Speciali (1940–1943), Firenze, 2010
547:
Award, Adriano Olivetti was awarded the first "Gran Premio Nazionale," a prestigious recognition for his influence on Italian industry and design.
338:
During the immediate post-war years, the Olivetti empire expanded rapidly, only to be briefly on the verge of bankruptcy after the acquisition of
1430: 1425: 533: 1400: 693: 263: 1435: 462:
Upon his return from exile with the fall of the regime, he resumed leadership of the company. Alongside his managerial skills that made
199:
The Olivetti factory initially consisted of 30 workers and concentrated on electric measurement devices. By 1908, 25 years after
615:
In his enterprises, Olivetti's attempts at utopia may be translated in practice as actions of an enlightened boss or a form of
432:
regarding the plan for the Province of Aosta, and I hope that this work of yours can bring you much glory but few troubles. On
343:
other and their environment can avoid war and poverty. His utopian idea was similar to that preached by socialists, such as
156: 1410: 550:
In 1958, Olivetti was elected as a deputy representing "Community." His premature death marked the end of the movement.
1420: 930: 528:, when there was an attempt to operate organically in urban terms. He became a promoter of a sociological study on the 768: 728: 642: 584:
of New York awarded Olivetti for his international business leadership. In 1959, he was appointed president of the
240: 1415: 581: 251: 137: 896: 670: 392:'s body in the demonstration he organized, together with his father, at the Giacosa theater in Ivrea in 1924. 816: 300: 744: 1395: 339: 328: 880: 609: 48: 1390: 1318: 902: 612:(CIA), it was discovered that Olivetti had been object of investigations by the CIA for several years. 377: 1361: 1405: 483:
during his exile in Switzerland, initiated by Olivetti in 1944 due to his anti-fascist activities.
332: 279: 1046: 518: 923: 790: 304: 244: 400: 509: 1385: 1380: 1282: 1071: 368: 395:
He participated in the liberation of Filippo Turati with Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri,
206:
Adriano Olivetti transformed shop-like operations into a modern factory. He supported the
172:(11 April 1901 – 27 February 1960) was an Italian engineer, entrepreneur, politician, and 8: 1290: 514: 428: 1296: 1139: 1021: 577: 494: 457: 324: 320: 211: 125: 887: 254:
in 1924, Olivetti joined the company for a short while. When he became undesirable to
1244: 1221: 1061: 1026: 916: 821: 724: 638: 544: 389: 388:
Adriano's anti-fascism had already been expressed immediately after the discovery of
354: 219: 295:, where the Olivetti plant is still located, and a zoning proposal for the adjacent 1238: 1111: 1076: 1066: 1036: 1011: 960: 480: 271: 255: 189: 1313: 1091: 996: 601: 529: 344: 259: 694:"Accadde oggi – Valletta, il capo della Fiat che avvicinò gli italiani all'auto" 1334: 1185: 1179: 1173: 1106: 1101: 1086: 1016: 576:, and two years later, he obtained two seats in Parliament by running with the 538: 396: 200: 972: 873: 1374: 1340: 1261: 1154: 1096: 1031: 1006: 991: 376:
in 1932, the year in which he launched the first portable typewriters called
267: 173: 176:. He was known worldwide during his lifetime as the Italian manufacturer of 1267: 1215: 1209: 1197: 1191: 1116: 1081: 1056: 555: 316: 312: 296: 287: 1203: 1041: 1001: 616: 524:
In the fifties, along with Guido Nadzo, he was one of the leaders of the
451: 348: 215: 230: 32: 1051: 505: 475: 193: 185: 181: 132: 196:
pastor and scholar. The Olivetti empire had been begun by his father.
501: 422: 588:-Casas Institute, tasked with overseeing post-war reconstruction in 1345: 939: 635:
Reimagining Democracy: On the Political Project of Adriano Olivetti
605: 566: 463: 373: 308: 177: 355:
From the Post-World War I period to the years of Fascist consensus
203:
in the United States, the company started to produce typewriters.
384: 274:, a marriage that produced three children but did not last long. 207: 845:"Adriano Olivetti e il suo profondo legame con la Valle d'Aosta" 565:
magazine. In 1953, he decided to open a calculator factory in
448:
Switzerland, where he maintained contact with the Resistance.
589: 585: 573: 525: 367:
In 1924, he earned a degree in chemical engineering from the
292: 114: 97: 399:
and others. By educational inclination, he was close to the
908: 891: 16:
Italian engineer, politician, and industrialist (1901–1960)
532:
and the subsequent realization of the La Martella village
420:"Mr. Adriano Olivetti Rome, I have seen your articles in 327:. He also had contacts with representatives of Britain's 882:
Adriano Olivetti biography (Adriano Olivetti Foundation)
188:, and computers. He was son of the founder of Olivetti, 283:
by increasing salaries, fringe benefits, and services.
452:
Post-war era and involvement in the Community Movement
600:
On the 27 February 1960, Olivetti took a train from
440:(Letter found in the Olivetti historical archive) 1372: 723:. New York: New York Review Books. p. 155. 250:After graduation in chemical engineering at the 737: 192:, and Luisa Revel, the daughter of a prominent 924: 543:. In 1955, during the second edition of the 1129: 931: 917: 31: 905:– a film by Emanuele Piccardo on Olivetti 474:, considered the theoretical basis for a 718: 380:typewriters, and the president in 1938. 229: 632: 61:12 June 1958 â€“ 5 November 1959 1431:Polytechnic University of Turin alumni 1373: 975:(head of various divisions, 1956–1990) 795:Associazione Archivio Storico Olivetti 500:The movement, attempting to unite the 912: 817:"Compasso d'oro alla carriera (1955)" 315:, he participated in the underground 1426:Deputies of Legislature III of Italy 1357: 691: 331:. With these, he tried to avoid the 1401:20th-century Italian businesspeople 234:Olivetti in 1925 with his signature 13: 963:(founder and president, 1908–1938) 626: 491:The Political Order of Communities 472:The Political Order of Communities 243:school of subjects other than the 14: 1447: 867: 604:, in the north of Italy, towards 572:In 1956, he was elected mayor of 517:) and the left (dominated by the 1356: 888:Adriano Olivetti short biography 692:Giva, Giorgio (10 August 2020). 270:and a sister of his good friend 155: 37:Adriano Olivetti in Venice, 1957 1436:Compasso d'Oro Award recipients 582:National Management Association 351:, during the previous century. 252:Polytechnic University of Turin 138:Polytechnic University of Turin 837: 809: 791:"I 16 Compassi d'Oro Olivetti" 783: 774: 762: 712: 685: 659: 1: 652: 938: 508:wings under a single banner 470:In 1945, Olivetti published 340:Underwood Typewriter Company 329:Special Operations Executive 225: 7: 875:Adriano Olivetti Foundation 749:Fondazione Adriano Olivetti 610:Central Intelligence Agency 10: 1452: 1411:Italian chemical engineers 1319:Olivetti-Underwood Factory 797:(in Italian). 7 March 2022 719:Ginzburg, Natalia (2017). 455: 1421:Italian magazine founders 1354: 1327: 1306: 1281: 1254: 1231: 1164: 1147: 1138: 1127: 982: 953: 946: 890:on "History Computer" by 851:(in Italian). 15 May 2022 163: 151: 143: 131: 121: 104: 84: 79: 75: 65: 54: 46: 42: 30: 23: 771:The New York Times, 2019 633:Cadeddu, Davide (2012). 595: 333:Allied invasion of Italy 286:In 1931, he visited the 247:that his father wanted. 519:Italian Communist Party 489:The ideas advocated in 147:Engineer, industrialist 969:(president, 1938–1960) 667:"L'imprenditore rosso" 637:. New York: Springer. 438: 305:National Fascist Party 245:mechanical engineering 235: 418: 233: 1072:Pier Giorgio Perotto 383:Adriano opposed the 369:Polytechnic of Turin 1416:L'Espresso founders 1396:Italian Waldensians 1337:(acquired Olivetti) 515:Christian Democracy 434:Gazzetta del Popolo 429:Gazzetta del Popolo 401:Giustizia e LibertĂ  49:Chamber of Deputies 1022:Carlo De Benedetti 745:"Adriano Olivetti" 578:Community Movement 495:Community Movement 458:Community Movement 325:Community Movement 321:Italian resistance 236: 212:Community Movement 126:Community Movement 100:, Kingdom of Italy 1391:People from Ivrea 1368: 1367: 1277: 1276: 1125: 1124: 1062:Costantino Nivola 1027:Michele De Lucchi 822:ADI Design Museum 769:Utopia, Abandoned 390:Giacomo Matteotti 220:Vittorio Valletta 167: 166: 1443: 1362:Commons category 1360: 1359: 1145: 1144: 1133: 1132: 1112:Massimo Vignelli 1077:Giovanni Pintori 1067:Marcello Nizzoli 1037:Ignazio Gardella 1012:Natale Capellaro 967:Adriano Olivetti 961:Camillo Olivetti 951: 950: 933: 926: 919: 910: 909: 899: 861: 860: 858: 856: 841: 835: 834: 832: 830: 813: 807: 806: 804: 802: 787: 781: 778: 772: 766: 760: 759: 757: 755: 741: 735: 734: 716: 710: 709: 707: 705: 689: 683: 682: 680: 678: 673:on 25 March 2013 669:. Archived from 663: 648: 542: 481:Altiero Spinelli 272:Natalia Ginzburg 266:, a daughter of 256:Benito Mussolini 190:Camillo Olivetti 170:Adriano Olivetti 159: 111: 108:27 February 1960 94: 92: 80:Personal details 59: 35: 25:Adriano Olivetti 21: 20: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1406:Olivetti people 1371: 1370: 1369: 1364: 1350: 1323: 1314:500 Park Avenue 1302: 1273: 1250: 1227: 1166: 1160: 1134: 1130: 1121: 1092:Ettore Sottsass 997:Getulio Alviani 984: 978: 942: 937: 897: 870: 865: 864: 854: 852: 843: 842: 838: 828: 826: 815: 814: 810: 800: 798: 789: 788: 784: 779: 775: 767: 763: 753: 751: 743: 742: 738: 731: 717: 713: 703: 701: 690: 686: 676: 674: 665: 664: 660: 655: 645: 629: 627:Further reading 602:Arona, Piedmont 598: 536: 530:Sassi di Matera 460: 454: 357: 345:Charles Fourier 260:Italian fascist 228: 122:Political party 113: 109: 96: 90: 88: 60: 55: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1449: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1366: 1365: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1335:Telecom Italia 1331: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1294: 1287: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1272: 1271: 1265: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1248: 1242: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1226: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1170: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1151: 1149: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1107:Lella Vignelli 1104: 1102:Grazia Varisco 1099: 1094: 1089: 1087:Piero Scaruffi 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1017:Gianni Colombo 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 988: 986: 980: 979: 977: 976: 970: 964: 957: 955: 948: 944: 943: 936: 935: 928: 921: 913: 907: 906: 894: 885: 878: 869: 868:External links 866: 863: 862: 836: 808: 782: 773: 761: 736: 729: 721:Family Lexicon 711: 684: 657: 656: 654: 651: 650: 649: 643: 628: 625: 597: 594: 545:Compasso d'Oro 493:supported the 456:Main article: 453: 450: 397:Sandro Pertini 356: 353: 227: 224: 210:system of the 165: 164: 161: 160: 153: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 135: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 112:(aged 58) 106: 102: 101: 86: 82: 81: 77: 76: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 52: 51: 47:Member of the 44: 43: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1448: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1376: 1363: 1353: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1341:Triumph-Adler 1339: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1262:Programma 101 1260: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1204:Prodest PC128 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1163: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1097:George Sowden 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1032:Egon Eiermann 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1007:Mario Bellini 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 992:Franco Albini 990: 989: 987: 985:and engineers 981: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 958: 956: 952: 949: 945: 941: 934: 929: 927: 922: 920: 915: 914: 911: 904: 900: 895: 893: 889: 886: 884: 883: 879: 877: 876: 872: 871: 850: 846: 840: 824: 823: 818: 812: 796: 792: 786: 777: 770: 765: 750: 746: 740: 732: 730:9781590178386 726: 722: 715: 699: 695: 688: 672: 668: 662: 658: 646: 644:9781461432586 640: 636: 631: 630: 624: 620: 618: 613: 611: 607: 603: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 570: 568: 564: 559: 557: 551: 548: 546: 540: 535: 531: 527: 522: 520: 516: 511: 507: 503: 498: 496: 492: 487: 484: 482: 477: 473: 468: 465: 459: 449: 445: 441: 437: 435: 431: 430: 425: 424: 417: 413: 409: 405: 402: 398: 393: 391: 386: 381: 379: 375: 370: 365: 361: 352: 350: 346: 341: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 307:and became a 306: 302: 301:Fascist Italy 298: 294: 289: 284: 281: 275: 273: 269: 268:Giuseppe Levi 265: 261: 257: 253: 248: 246: 242: 232: 223: 221: 217: 213: 209: 204: 202: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 174:industrialist 171: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 139: 136: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 117:, Switzerland 116: 107: 103: 99: 95:11 April 1901 87: 83: 78: 74: 71: 68: 64: 58: 53: 50: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 1328:Acquisitions 1268:Divisumma 18 1117:Marco Zanuso 1082:Carlo Scarpa 1057:Bruno Munari 1047:James Irvine 966: 881: 874: 853:. Retrieved 848: 839: 827:. Retrieved 825:(in Italian) 820: 811: 799:. Retrieved 794: 785: 776: 764: 752:. Retrieved 748: 739: 720: 714: 702:. Retrieved 700:(in Italian) 697: 687: 675:. Retrieved 671:the original 661: 634: 621: 614: 599: 571: 562: 560: 556:Aosta Valley 552: 549: 523: 499: 490: 488: 485: 471: 469: 461: 446: 442: 439: 433: 427: 421: 419: 414: 410: 406: 394: 382: 366: 362: 358: 337: 317:anti-fascist 313:World War II 297:Aosta Valley 288:Soviet Union 285: 276: 249: 237: 205: 198: 169: 168: 110:(1960-02-27) 66:Constituency 56: 18: 1386:1960 deaths 1381:1901 births 1283:Typewriters 1255:Calculators 1157:(1957–1964) 1155:Elea series 1042:Franca Helg 1002:Gae Aulenti 973:Franco Tatò 704:11 February 698:FIRSTonline 617:corporatism 563:Urbanistica 537: [ 534:La Martella 349:Robert Owen 241:polytechnic 216:Fiat S.p.A. 186:calculators 182:typewriters 1375:Categories 1291:Lettera 22 1148:Mainframes 1052:Louis Kahn 954:Executives 947:Key people 653:References 476:federalist 264:Paola Levi 194:Waldensian 144:Profession 133:Alma mater 91:1901-04-11 1307:Locations 1297:Valentine 1167:computers 1140:Computers 983:Designers 898:Lettera22 849:Aostasera 510:socialism 502:socialist 423:La Stampa 311:. During 280:Taylorian 226:Biography 201:Remington 152:Signature 57:In office 1346:Omnidata 1245:Quaderno 1222:Envision 1165:Personal 940:Olivetti 606:Lausanne 567:Pozzuoli 464:Olivetti 374:Olivetti 309:Catholic 178:Olivetti 1232:Laptops 903:YouTube 829:28 July 801:22 July 754:12 June 677:12 June 506:liberal 385:fascist 208:utopian 1299:(1969) 1293:(1949) 1270:(1972) 1264:(1965) 1247:(1992) 1241:(1983) 1224:(1995) 1218:(1986) 1212:(1986) 1206:(1985) 1200:(1983) 1194:(1982) 1188:(1975) 1182:(1975) 1176:(1975) 855:23 May 727:  641:  278:quasi- 180:brand 1186:P6066 1180:P6060 1174:P6040 596:Death 590:Italy 586:UNRRA 574:Ivrea 541:] 526:UNRRA 299:. In 293:Turin 115:Aigle 98:Ivrea 70:Turin 892:IEEE 857:2024 831:2024 803:2024 756:2013 725:ISBN 706:2023 679:2013 639:ISBN 504:and 426:and 347:and 319:and 105:Died 85:Born 1239:M10 1216:M19 1210:M28 1198:M24 1192:M20 901:on 521:). 378:MP1 372:of 258:'s 218:'s 1377:: 847:. 819:. 793:. 747:. 696:. 592:. 558:. 539:it 222:. 184:, 932:e 925:t 918:v 859:. 833:. 805:. 758:. 733:. 708:. 681:. 647:. 93:) 89:(

Index


Chamber of Deputies
Turin
Ivrea
Aigle
Community Movement
Alma mater
Polytechnic University of Turin

industrialist
Olivetti
typewriters
calculators
Camillo Olivetti
Waldensian
Remington
utopian
Community Movement
Fiat S.p.A.
Vittorio Valletta

polytechnic
mechanical engineering
Polytechnic University of Turin
Benito Mussolini
Italian fascist
Paola Levi
Giuseppe Levi
Natalia Ginzburg
Taylorian

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑