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number of malicious browser extensions flooding the web. Malicious browser extensions will often appear to be legitimate as they seem to originate from vendor websites and come with glowing customer reviews. In the case of affiliate marketing, these malicious extensions are often used to redirect a user's browser to send fake clicks to websites that are supposedly part of legitimate affiliate marketing programs. Typically, users are completely unaware this is happening other than their browser performance slowing down. Websites end up paying for fake traffic numbers, and users are unwitting participants in these ad schemes.
750:
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damaging those merchants' reputations and tarnishing their affiliate marketing efforts. Many affiliates either terminated the use of such merchants or switched to a competitor's affiliate program. Eventually, affiliate networks were also forced by merchants and affiliates to take a stand and ban certain adware publishers from their network. The result was
340:. Tobin applied for a patent on tracking and affiliate marketing on January 22, 1996, and was issued U.S. Patent number 6,141,666 on Oct 31, 2000. Tobin also received Japanese Patent number 4021941 on Oct 5, 2007, and U.S. Patent number 7,505,913 on Mar 17, 2009, for affiliate marketing and tracking. In July 1998 PC Flowers and Gifts merged with
621:/sale methods require that referred visitors do more than visit the advertiser's website before the affiliate receives a commission. The advertiser must convert that visitor first. It is in the best interest of the affiliate to send the most closely targeted traffic to the advertiser as possible to increase the chance of a
655:(MLM). Multi-level refers to different levels of compensation offered by companies to different tiers of distributor. While MLM schemes are not inherently illegal, they become illegal when income from recruitment-fees and similar exceeds the sale of actual goods and services. In these situations, MLM schemes overlap with
1106:
advertisers began to adjust their affiliate program terms to prohibit their affiliates from bidding on those type of keywords. Some advertisers, however, did and still do embrace this behavior, going so far as to allow, or even encourage, affiliates to bid on any term, including the advertiser's trademarks.
1229:
on the website visitor's computer. In the United
Kingdom, the IAB Affiliate Council under chair Matt Bailey announced regulations that stated that "Affiliates must not use a mechanism whereby users are encouraged to click to interact with content where it is unclear or confusing what the outcome will
1201:
ruled that the presence of independent sales representatives may allow a state to require sales tax collections. New York determined that affiliates are such independent sales representatives. The New York law became known as "Amazon's law" and was quickly emulated by other states. While that was the
666:
Some advertisers offer multi-tier programs that distribute commission into a hierarchical referral network of sign-ups and sub-partners. In practical terms, publisher "A" signs up to the program with an advertiser and gets rewarded for the agreed activity conducted by a referred visitor. If publisher
632:
Affiliate marketing is also called "performance marketing", in reference to how sales employees are typically being compensated. Such employees are typically paid a commission for each sale they close, and sometimes are paid performance incentives for exceeding objectives. Affiliates are not employed
407:
website, viewed as a marketing toy in the early days of the
Internet, became an integrated part of the overall business plan and in some cases grew to a bigger business than the existing offline business. According to one report, the total sales amount generated through affiliate networks in 2006 was
966:
In the infancy of affiliate marketing, many
Internet users held negative opinions due to the tendency of affiliates to use spam to promote the programs in which they were enrolled. As affiliate marketing matured, many affiliate merchants have refined their terms and conditions to prohibit affiliates
636:
The phrase, "Affiliates are an extended sales force for your business", which is often used to explain affiliate marketing, is not completely accurate. The primary difference between the two is that affiliate marketers provide little if any influence on a possible prospect in the conversion process
1056:
Affiliates discussed the issues in
Internet forums and began to organize their efforts. They believed that the best way to address the problem was to discourage merchants from advertising via adware. Merchants that were either indifferent to or supportive of adware were exposed by affiliates, thus
359:
had the idea that music-oriented websites could review or list albums on their pages that their visitors might be interested in purchasing. These websites could also offer a link that would take visitors directly to CDNow to purchase the albums. The idea for remote purchasing originally arose from
1131:
Affiliate marketing currently lacks industry standards for training and certification. There are some training courses and seminars that result in certifications; however, the acceptance of such certifications is mostly due to the reputation of the individual or company issuing the certification.
1052:
often uses the same methods and technologies. Merchants initially were uninformed about adware, what impact it had, and how it could damage their brands. Affiliate marketers became aware of the issue much more quickly, especially because they noticed that adware often overwrites tracking cookies,
979:
is a plug-in that extends the functionality of a web browser. Some extensions are authored using web technologies such as HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. Most modern web browsers have a whole slew of third-party extensions available for download. In recent years, there has been a constant rise in the
1105:
agency, and realized that this space was already occupied by their affiliates. Although this situation alone created advertising channel conflicts and debates between advertisers and affiliates, the largest issue concerned affiliates bidding on advertisers names, brands, and trademarks. Several
1031:
Websites consisting mostly of affiliate links have previously held a negative reputation for underdelivering quality content. In 2005 there were active changes made by Google, where certain websites were labeled as "thin affiliates". Such websites were either removed from Google's index or were
692:
Some merchants run their own (in-house) affiliate programs using dedicated software, while others use third-party intermediaries to track traffic or sales that are referred from affiliates. There are two different types of affiliate management methods used by merchants: standalone software or
1053:
thus resulting in a decline of commissions. Affiliates not employing adware felt that it was stealing commission from them. Adware often has no valuable purpose and rarely provides any useful content to the user, who is typically unaware that such software is installed on his/her computer.
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on components of an affiliate program. The patent application was submitted in June 1997, which predates most affiliate programs, but not PC Flowers & Gifts.com (October 1994), AutoWeb.com (October 1995), Kbkids.com/BrainPlay.com (January 1996), EPage (April 1996), and several others.
910:
Relevant websites that attract the same target audiences as the advertiser but without competing with it are potential affiliate partners as well. Vendors or existing customers can also become recruits if doing so makes sense and does not violate any laws or regulations (such as with
697:, typically called affiliate networks. Payouts to affiliates or publishers can be made by the networks on behalf of the merchant, by the network, consolidated across all merchants where the publisher has a relationship with and earned commissions or directly by the merchant itself.
324:
in 1989, PC Flowers & Gifts remained on the service until 1996. By 1993, PC Flowers & Gifts had generated sales more than $ 6 million per year on the
Prodigy service. In 1998, PC Flowers and Gifts developed the business model of paying a commission on sales to the
597:
markets they are still prevalent in some more nascent industries. China is one example where
Affiliate Marketing does not overtly resemble the same model in the West. With many affiliates being paid a flat "Cost Per Day" with some networks offering Cost Per Click or CPM.
806:
Affiliate websites are often categorized by merchants (advertisers) and affiliate networks. There are currently no industry-wide standards for the categorization. The following types of websites are generic, yet are commonly understood and used by affiliate marketers.
1032:
relocated within the results page (i.e., moved from the top-most results to a lower position). To avoid this categorization, affiliate marketer webmasters must create quality content on their websites that distinguishes their work from the work of spammers or
637:
once that prospect is directed to the advertiser's website. The sales team of the advertiser, however, does have the control and influence up to the point where the prospect either a) signs the contract, or b) completes the purchase.
364:
in the fall of 1994. The management at Geffen wanted to sell its artists' CDs directly from its website but did not want to implement this capability itself. Geffen asked CDNow if it could design a program where CDNow would handle
667:"A" attracts publishers "B" and "C" to sign up for the same program using his sign-up code, all future activities performed by publishers "B" and "C" will result in additional commission (at a lower rate) for publisher "A".
412:
alone. The estimates were ÂŁ1.35 billion in sales in 2005. MarketingSherpa's research team estimated that, in 2006, affiliates worldwide earned US$ 6.5 billion in bounty and commissions from a variety of sources in
499:, for example—have impacted the affiliate marketing world as well. These platforms allow improved communication between merchants and affiliates. Web 2.0 platforms have also opened affiliate marketing channels to personal
386:
and purchase a book, the associate received a commission. Amazon was not the first merchant to offer an affiliate program, but its program was the first to become widely known and serve as a model for subsequent programs.
683:
Merchants favor affiliate marketing because in most cases it uses a "pay for performance" model, meaning that the merchant does not incur a marketing expense unless results are accrued (excluding any initial setup cost).
907:. These publishers could be potentially recruited, and there is also an increased chance that publishers in the network apply to the program on their own, without the need for recruitment efforts by the advertiser.
1202:
first time states successfully addressed the internet tax gap, since 2018 states have been free to assert sales tax jurisdiction over sales to their residents regardless of the presence of retailer affiliates.
633:
by the advertiser whose products or services they promote, but the compensation models applied to affiliate marketing are very similar to the ones used for people in the advertisers' internal sales department.
614:
because at this point the publisher has already earned his commission. This leaves the greater, and, in case of cost per mille, the full risk and loss (if the visitor cannot be converted) to the advertiser.
1101:, which is responsible for the widespread use and acceptance of pay per click as an advertising channel. An increasing number of merchants engaged in pay per click advertising, either directly or via a
2115:
452:
In 2006, the most active sectors for affiliate marketing were adult gambling, retail industries and file-sharing services. The three sectors expected to experience the greatest growth are the
1073:'s complete ban of software applications as a medium for affiliates to promote advertiser offers. Regardless of the progress made, adware continues to be an issue, as demonstrated by the
1135:
Education occurs most often in "real life" by becoming involved and learning the details as time progresses. Although there are several books on the topic, some so-called "how-to" or "
1132:
Affiliate marketing is not commonly taught in universities, and only a few college instructors work with
Internet marketers to introduce the subject to students majoring in marketing.
575:
process to generate revenue for the publisher: A visitor must not only be made aware of the advertisement but must also click on the advertisement to visit the advertiser's website.
586:
programs are not considered in the statistic pertaining to the diminished use of cost per click, as it is uncertain if contextual advertising can be considered affiliate marketing.
369:. Geffen realized that CDNow could link directly from the artist on its website to Geffen's website, bypassing the CDNow home page and going directly to the artist's music page.
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make the advertising available on his or her website and display it to the page visitors in order to receive a commission. Pay per click requires one additional step in the
1699:
992:
have become more prominent, some affiliate marketers have shifted from sending e-mail spam to creating automatically generated web pages that often contain product
1504:
1854:
336:, which owned half of Prodigy. By 1995 PC Flowers & Gifts had launched a commercial version of the website and had 2,600 affiliate marketing partners on the
1146:
Outsourced
Program Management companies typically combine formal and informal training, providing much of their training through group collaboration and
2076:
1020:
algorithm update ("BigDaddy") in
February 2006—the final stage of Google's major update ("Jagger") that began in mid-summer 2005—specifically targeted
2239:
996:
provided by merchants. The goal of such web pages is to manipulate the relevancy or prominence of resources indexed by a search engine, also known as
2112:
1461:
918:
Almost any website could be recruited as an affiliate publisher, but high traffic websites are more likely interested in (for their sake) low-risk
1547:
1012:
is the biggest threat to organic search engines, whose goal is to provide quality search results for keywords or phrases entered by their users.
1389:
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web sites use a click-to-reveal format, which requires the web site user to click to reveal the voucher code. The action of clicking places the
1685:
887:
networks (i.e., top-tier affiliates) that expose offers from the advertiser with which they are affiliated with their own network of affiliates
610:/click, the publisher is not concerned about whether a visitor is a member of the audience that the advertiser tries to attract and is able to
1412:
728:
Some merchants are using outsourced (affiliate) program management (OPM) companies, which are themselves often run by affiliate managers and
247:
for the affiliate; this commission is usually a percentage of the price of the product being sold, but can also be a flat rate per referral.
1830:
203:
1908:
1719:
1743:
1574:
Mastering Your
Website: Insider's Guide to Fully Understanding Your Website, Search Engine Optimization and Building Your Brand Online
1767:
1024:
with great success. This update thus enabled Google to remove a large amount of mostly computer-generated duplicate content from its
1002:. Each page can be targeted to a different niche market through the use of specific keywords, with the result being a skewed form of
934:
Since the emergence of affiliate marketing, there has been little control over affiliate activity. Unscrupulous affiliates have used
305:
for referred business—predates affiliate marketing and the Internet. The translation of the revenue share principles to mainstream
2054:
1058:
464:
sectors. Soon after these sectors came the entertainment (particularly gaming) and Internet-related services (particularly
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1877:
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Loyalty websites, typically characterized by providing a reward or incentive system for purchases via points, miles,
793:
17:
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775:
578:
Cost per click was more common in the early days of affiliate marketing but has diminished in use over time due to
196:
61:
1888:
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760:
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and Performics in December 2002 to guide practices and adherence to ethical standards for online advertising.
1143:, which can quickly become out of date, or suggest strategies no longer endorsed or permitted by advertisers.
2268:
2136:
The Complete Guide to Affiliate Marketing on the Web: How to Use and Profit from Affiliate Marketing Programs
2093:
732:. OPM companies perform affiliate program management for the merchants as a service, similar to the role an
2258:
1965:
1093:
advertising when the first pay-per-click search engines emerged during the end of the 1990s. Later in 2000
694:
1363:
Olim, Jason; Olim, Matthew; and Kent, Peter (1999-01). "The CDNOW Story: Rags to Riches on the Internet",
1239:
1194:
345:
240:
189:
548:
Within more mature markets, less than one percent of traditional affiliate marketing programs today use
280:
Though the largest companies run their own affiliate networks (for example Amazon), most merchants join
2273:
1003:
629:). In the case a conversion is not fired the publisher won't receive any compensation for the traffic.
316:
The concept of affiliate marketing on the Internet was conceived of, put into practice and patented by
254:
56:
1551:
1457:
1150:. Such companies also try to send each marketing employee to the industry conference of their choice.
1385:
332:
In 1994, Tobin launched a beta version of PC Flowers & Gifts on the Internet in cooperation with
302:
1193:
sales to New York residents. New York was aware of Amazon affiliates operating within the state. In
2263:
1401:
Amazon Associates is one of the first online affiliate marketing programs and was launched in 1996.
1115:
822:
881:, or other features based on information that changes frequently, thus requiring continual updates
468:) sectors. Also several of the affiliate solution providers expect to see increased interest from
2170:
Singh, Surabhi (2017). "Affiliate Marketing and Customer Satisfaction". In Singh, Surabhi (ed.).
834:
771:
258:
95:
1435:
Gray, Daniel (1999-11-30). "The Complete Guide to Associate and Affiliate Programs on the Net".
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1025:
710:
611:
583:
572:
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446:
274:
142:
66:
1905:
1652:
1618:
950:, and other methods to drive traffic to their sponsors. Although many affiliate programs have
625:. The risk is absorbed by the affiliate who funnels their traffic to the campaign (normally a
1812:
1415:
and Shawn Collins, "Successful Affiliate Marketing for Merchants", from pages 12, 13 and 14.
903:
Affiliate networks that already have several advertisers typically also have a large pool of
864:
767:
652:
646:
1895:
in 2005. The authenticity of the document was neither acknowledged nor challenged by Google.
1716:
1525:
1118:. Guidelines affect celebrity endorsements, advertising language, and blogger compensation.
379:
or text links on their site for individual books, or link directly to the Amazon home page.
1740:
1074:
622:
469:
220:
147:
2078:
New York's "Amazon Law": An Important Tool for Collecting Taxes Owed on Internet Purchases
8:
1597:
1166:
1114:
Bloggers and other publishers may not be aware of disclosure guidelines set forth by the
1062:
725:, and other unethical methods that have given affiliate marketing a negative reputation.
670:
Two-tier programs exist in the minority of affiliate programs; most are simply one-tier.
557:
404:
306:
270:
128:
109:
1654:
Marketing communications : offline and online integration, engagement and analytics
2099:
2051:
1679:
874:
844:
729:
594:
244:
179:
86:
76:
47:
31:
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issues very similar to the click fraud issues modern search engines are facing today.
507:
allow publishers with lower levels of web traffic to place affiliate ads on websites.
224:
2212:
2202:
2185:
2175:
2158:
2139:
1658:
1624:
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1440:
1420:
1368:
1244:
976:
939:
935:
714:
496:
430:
366:
281:
266:
81:
1764:
375:(Amazon) launched its associate program in July 1996: Amazon associates could place
250:
Affiliate marketers may use a variety of methods to generate these sales, including
1999:
1301:
1198:
1182:
1102:
951:
878:
860:
829:
418:
317:
262:
114:
2041:, Issue: March/April 2007, Page 58, link to online version retrieved June 26, 2007
2034:
1526:
Affiliate Summit 2006 Wrap-Up Report -- Commissions to Reach $ 6.5 Billion in 2006
1480:
2119:
2058:
2018:
1969:
1912:
1892:
1881:
1858:
1795:
1771:
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884:
848:
718:
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529:
521:
442:
326:
321:
298:
170:
165:
71:
1963:
AdWare Class Action Lawsuit against - ValueClick, Commission Junction and beFree
958:, this marketing method has historically proven to attract abuse from spammers.
863:
list affiliates (i.e., owners of large opt-in -mail lists that typically employ
1929:
1305:
1291:
1098:
989:
923:
919:
656:
607:
553:
549:
537:
533:
409:
361:
337:
310:
251:
2174:. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference (imprint of IGI Global). p. 2.
2252:
2216:
2189:
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812:
722:
568:
119:
104:
1987:
1874:
1788:
854:
660:
626:
525:
453:
1945:
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309:
happened in November 1994, almost four years after the origination of the
2155:
Affiliate Marketing: How to Create Your $ 100,000+ a Year Online Business
2004:
1906:
Online Marketing Service Providers Announce Web Publisher Code of Conduct
1226:
943:
579:
561:
476:
232:
137:
1296:. 2010 International Conference on Education and Management Technology.
2162:
1885:
1190:
1078:
1070:
1033:
1021:
998:
904:
868:
590:
438:
383:
376:
372:
1741:
NEW FIRST: LinkShare- Lands' End Versus The Affiliate on Typosquatting
1081:
and its daughter company Commission Junction filed on April 20, 2007.
926:
deals rather than higher-risk cost per action or revenue share deals.
1186:
1140:
1066:
993:
816:
733:
472:
465:
434:
341:
778:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1154:
1017:
1009:
955:
894:) to display context-sensitive advertising for products on the site
706:
651:
Affiliate marketing overlaps with network marketing, also known as
500:
492:
422:
228:
1264:"Affiliate Marketer: Definition, Examples, and How to Get Started"
2172:
Driving Traffic and Customer Activity Through Affiliate Marketing
1620:
The advanced dictionary of marketing : putting theory to use
1045:
891:
488:
457:
1962:
815:
search engines to promote the advertisers' offers (i.e., search
2234:
2019:
FTC Publishes Final Guides Governing Endorsements, Testimonials
1222:
1170:
1094:
1049:
1013:
947:
840:
461:
426:
414:
403:
Affiliate marketing has grown quickly since its inception. The
391:
1293:
Affiliate internet marketing: Concept and application analysis
1153:
Other training resources used include online forums, weblogs,
705:
Uncontrolled affiliate programs aid rogue affiliates, who use
390:
In February 2000, Amazon announced that it had been granted a
877:
that list merchants by categories without providing coupons,
356:
352:
236:
532:(CPA), and the remaining programs use other methods such as
1297:
1139:" books instruct readers to manipulate holes in the Google
1036:
farms, which only contain links leading to merchant sites.
2196:
1778:, published by Montgomery Research Inc, Issue 12., Page 36
556:. However, these compensation methods are used heavily in
382:
When visitors clicked on the associate's website to go to
2197:
Goldschmidt, Simon; Junghagen, Sven; Harris, Uri (2003).
2113:
IAB affiliate council strengthens voucher code guidelines
1992:
Communications of the Association for Information Systems
1988:"Brand Names as Keywords in Sponsored Search Advertising"
333:
320:, the founder of PC Flowers & Gifts. Launched on the
1290:
Ivkovic, Miodrag; Milanov, Dusanka (November 2, 2010).
871:
list affiliates, which are typically more content-heavy
701:
Affiliate management and program management outsourcing
2157:. Reykjavik, Iceland: Hafsteinn Þórðarson. p. 6.
2138:. Ocala, FL: Atlantic Publishing Company. p. 17.
284:
which provide reporting tools and payment processing.
1974:
Law Firms of Nassiri & Jung LLP and Hagens Berman
1165:
A code of conduct was released by affiliate networks
528:(PPS) as a compensation method, nineteen percent use
673:
1976:, retrieved from CJClassAction.com on June 26, 2007
515:
479:in using affiliate marketing as part of their mix.
227:for each visit, signup or sale they generate for a
1986:Rosso, Mark; Jansen, Bernard (Jim) (August 2010).
601:
543:
1502:Affiliate Marketing Networks Buyer's Guide (2006)
2250:
2021:. Ftc.gov (2013-06-27). Retrieved on 2013-09-19.
1623:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 356.
1576:. New York: Searchen Networks Inc. p. 108.
30:For marketing to a specific interest group, see
1930:LinkShare's Anti-Predatory Advertising Addendum
1831:"3 ways websites get pwned -- and threaten you"
1828:
1089:Affiliates were among the earliest adopters of
970:
520:Eighty percent of affiliate programs today use
1550:. e-Consultancy. February 2007. Archived from
1542:
1540:
1538:
1289:
739:
1518:
1126:
1121:
589:While these models have diminished in mature
197:
2201:. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. p. 43.
1717:The Daily SearchCast News from June 27, 2006
1524:Anne Holland, publisher (January 11, 2006),
1468:
1429:
1069:'s Anti-Predatory Advertising Addendum, and
1985:
1955:
1535:
1357:
678:
503:, writers, and independent website owners.
2052:How Do Companies Train Affiliate Managers?
2044:
1805:
1684:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1571:
1176:
1157:, video seminars, and specialty websites.
1109:
929:
204:
190:
2068:
2029:
2027:
2003:
1868:
1709:
1590:
794:Learn how and when to remove this message
687:
2152:
2081:, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
1898:
1763:Jennifer D. Meacham (July/August 2006),
1733:
1692:
1612:
1610:
1494:
1386:"What is the Amazon Associates program?"
898:
857:websites, including product review sites
231:. This arrangement allows businesses to
2074:
1657:(Sixth ed.). London. p. 331.
1474:
1406:
510:
398:
14:
2251:
2033:Alexandra Wharton (March/April 2007),
2024:
1946:ShareASale Affiliate Service Agreement
1939:
1787:Marios Alexandrou (February 4, 2007),
1757:
640:
567:Cost per mille requires only that the
540:(CPM, cost per estimated 1000 views).
2169:
2133:
1922:
1781:
1650:
1616:
1607:
1548:"Internet Statistics Compendium 2007"
983:
837:sites that offer charitable donations
1285:
1283:
1097:launched its pay per click service,
1084:
743:
219:is a marketing arrangement in which
2105:
360:conversations with the music label
27:Type of performance-based marketing
24:
1739:Wayne Porter (September 6, 2006),
1216:
1205:
1160:
25:
2285:
2224:
2075:Mazerov, Michael (24 July 2009),
1875:Spam Recognition Guide for Raters
1280:
942:, forced clicks (to get tracking
674:From the advertiser's perspective
1865:, retrieved on December 16, 2007
1850:Jim Hedger (September 6, 2006),
1813:Shady Web of Affiliate Marketing
1715:Danny Sullivan (June 27, 2006),
1479:. ClickZ Network. Archived from
1477:"History of Affiliate Marketing"
1392:from the original on 11 May 2011
1336:PC Week Article, January 9, 1995
1318:Chicago Tribune, October 4, 1995
748:
516:Predominant compensation methods
243:where the commission acts as an
62:Local search engine optimisation
2085:
2012:
1979:
1852:Being a Bigdaddy Jagger Meister
1844:
1822:
1811:Ryan Singel (October 2, 2005),
1644:
1565:
1450:
1345:Business Wire, January 24, 2000
811:Search affiliates that utilize
602:Performance/affiliate marketing
544:Diminished compensation methods
487:Websites and services based on
1915:(contains original CoC text),
1829:Roger A. Grimes (2016-07-26).
1700:Creating A Virtual Sales Force
1698:Tom Taulli (9 November 2005),
1378:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1256:
961:
497:interactive online communities
13:
1:
2199:Strategic Affiliate Marketing
2094:South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
1802:, retrieved November 11, 2007
1475:Collins, Shawn (2000-11-10).
1354:Business Wire, March 31, 1999
1250:
736:serves in offline marketing.
355:launched its BuyWeb program.
2127:
2111:IAB, Friday, 27 March 2009
971:Malicious browser extensions
890:Websites using adbars (e.g.
7:
1884:(Word document) supposedly
1754:, retrieved on May 17, 2007
1532:, retrieved on May 17, 2007
1240:Affiliate tracking software
1233:
1195:Quill Corp. v. North Dakota
954:that contain rules against
774:the claims made and adding
740:Types of affiliate websites
346:Federated Department Stores
241:performance-based marketing
10:
2290:
1306:10.1109/ICEMT.2010.5657647
1209:
1127:Certification and training
1122:Lack of industry standards
1004:search engine optimization
946:set on users' computers),
644:
482:
408:ÂŁ2.16 billion in the
287:
255:search engine optimization
57:Search engine optimization
29:
2065:, retrieved June 26, 2007
1952:, retrieved June 26, 2007
1936:, retrieved June 26, 2007
1919:, retrieved June 26, 2007
1604:, retrieved June 25, 2007
1596:CellarStone Inc. (2006),
1572:Colascione, John (2012).
1515:, retrieved June 25, 2007
1044:Although it differs from
1039:
292:
2153:Magnuson, Alain (2018).
2134:Brown, Bruce C. (2009).
2118:January 7, 2010, at the
2100:585 U.S. No. 17–494.
2035:Learning Outside the Box
1819:, retrieved May 17, 2007
1730:, retrieved May 17, 2007
1722:August 22, 2006, at the
1706:. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
1617:Dacko, Scott G. (2008).
1065:/beFree and Performics,
825:websites and directories
823:Price comparison service
730:network program managers
679:Advantages for merchants
1185:passed a law asserting
1177:Sales tax vulnerability
1110:Compensation disclosure
930:Past and current issues
847:websites that focus on
835:Cause Related Marketing
259:search engine marketing
96:Search engine marketing
1886:leaked out from Google
711:trademark infringement
688:Implementation options
584:Contextual advertising
447:contextual advertising
275:social media marketing
143:Contextual advertising
67:Social media marketing
2242:at the BOTW Directory
2102: (June 21, 2018).
1651:Smith, P. R. (2016).
1388:. amazon associates.
1327:The Sunsentinal, 1991
1181:In 2008 the state of
899:Publisher recruitment
865:e-mail drip marketing
653:multi-level marketing
647:multi-level marketing
2269:Business-to-business
2005:10.17705/1CAIS.02706
1439:, 30 November 1999.
1365:Top Floor Publishing
1300:. pp. 319–323.
1075:class action lawsuit
875:Shopping directories
734:advertising agencies
511:Compensation methods
470:business-to-business
399:Historic development
148:Behavioral targeting
2259:Affiliate marketing
2231:Affiliate marketing
1928:December 12, 2002,
1904:December 10, 2002,
1789:CPM vs. CPC vs. CPA
1704:Forbes.com Business
1167:Commission Junction
1063:Commission Junction
641:Multi-tier programs
558:display advertising
271:display advertising
217:Affiliate marketing
157:Affiliate marketing
129:Display advertising
110:Cost per impression
42:Part of a series on
2240:Affiliate Programs
2057:2007-09-29 at the
2050:March/April 2007,
1968:2007-07-04 at the
1911:2007-08-27 at the
1891:2011-05-13 at the
1880:2007-07-03 at the
1857:2007-12-23 at the
1794:2007-11-14 at the
1770:2007-01-23 at the
1746:2006-10-17 at the
1507:2006-12-14 at the
1189:jurisdiction over
984:Search engine spam
759:possibly contains
595:online advertising
351:In November 1994,
282:affiliate networks
239:. It is a form of
180:Mobile advertising
87:Native advertising
77:Referral marketing
48:Internet marketing
32:Affinity marketing
2274:Digital marketing
1728:WebmasterRadio.fm
1513:e-Consultancy.com
1437:McGraw-Hill Trade
1245:Affiliate network
1085:Trademark bidding
977:browser extension
940:false advertising
879:price comparisons
804:
803:
796:
761:original research
715:false advertising
367:order fulfillment
267:content marketing
214:
213:
82:Content marketing
18:Affiliate program
16:(Redirected from
2281:
2220:
2193:
2166:
2149:
2122:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2066:
2063:RevenueToday.com
2048:
2042:
2039:Revenue Magazine
2031:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
1983:
1977:
1961:April 20, 2007,
1959:
1953:
1943:
1937:
1926:
1920:
1902:
1896:
1872:
1866:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1826:
1820:
1809:
1803:
1785:
1779:
1776:Revenue Magazine
1761:
1755:
1737:
1731:
1713:
1707:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1614:
1605:
1598:Sales Commission
1594:
1588:
1587:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1516:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1433:
1427:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1367:, January 1999.
1361:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1260:
1199:US Supreme Court
1103:search marketing
952:terms of service
861:E-mail marketing
849:sales promotions
799:
792:
788:
785:
779:
776:inline citations
752:
751:
744:
419:personal finance
318:William J. Tobin
263:e-mail marketing
206:
199:
192:
115:Search analytics
39:
38:
21:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2264:Business models
2249:
2248:
2246:
2227:
2209:
2182:
2146:
2130:
2125:
2120:Wayback Machine
2110:
2106:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2073:
2069:
2059:Wayback Machine
2049:
2045:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2013:
1984:
1980:
1970:Wayback Machine
1960:
1956:
1944:
1940:
1927:
1923:
1913:Wayback Machine
1903:
1899:
1893:Wayback Machine
1882:Wayback Machine
1873:
1869:
1859:Wayback Machine
1849:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1810:
1806:
1796:Wayback Machine
1786:
1782:
1772:Wayback Machine
1765:Going Out Is In
1762:
1758:
1748:Wayback Machine
1738:
1734:
1724:Wayback Machine
1714:
1710:
1697:
1693:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1615:
1608:
1602:QCommission.com
1595:
1591:
1584:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1536:
1530:MarketingSherpa
1523:
1519:
1509:Wayback Machine
1499:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1434:
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1411:
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1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1288:
1281:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1236:
1219:
1217:Click to reveal
1214:
1212:Cookie stuffing
1208:
1206:Cookie stuffing
1179:
1163:
1161:Code of conduct
1129:
1124:
1112:
1087:
1059:Code of Conduct
1042:
986:
973:
967:from spamming.
964:
932:
922:or medium-risk
913:pyramid schemes
901:
885:Cost per action
800:
789:
783:
780:
765:
753:
749:
742:
719:cookie stuffing
703:
695:hosted services
690:
681:
676:
657:pyramid schemes
649:
643:
619:Cost per action
606:In the case of
604:
546:
530:cost per action
522:revenue sharing
518:
513:
485:
443:lead generation
441:, and forms of
401:
327:Prodigy Network
322:Prodigy Network
299:revenue sharing
297:The concept of
295:
290:
210:
171:Revenue sharing
166:Cost per action
72:Email marketing
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2287:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2226:
2225:External links
2223:
2222:
2221:
2207:
2194:
2180:
2167:
2150:
2144:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2104:
2084:
2067:
2043:
2023:
2011:
1978:
1954:
1950:ShareASale.com
1938:
1921:
1897:
1867:
1863:WebProNews.com
1843:
1833:. CSO from IDG
1821:
1804:
1800:All Things SEM
1780:
1756:
1732:
1708:
1691:
1663:
1643:
1629:
1606:
1589:
1583:978-1475155662
1582:
1564:
1534:
1517:
1500:October 2006,
1493:
1467:
1449:
1428:
1417:QUE Publishing
1405:
1377:
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1320:
1311:
1279:
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1252:
1249:
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1232:
1218:
1215:
1210:Main article:
1207:
1204:
1178:
1175:
1162:
1159:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1111:
1108:
1099:Google AdWords
1086:
1083:
1041:
1038:
990:search engines
985:
982:
972:
969:
963:
960:
931:
928:
924:cost per click
920:cost per mille
900:
897:
896:
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702:
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689:
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645:Main article:
642:
639:
608:cost per mille
603:
600:
554:cost per mille
550:cost per click
545:
542:
538:cost per mille
534:cost per click
517:
514:
512:
509:
505:Contextual ads
484:
481:
410:United Kingdom
400:
397:
362:Geffen Records
338:World Wide Web
311:World Wide Web
294:
291:
289:
286:
212:
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2187:
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2181:9781522526575
2177:
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2145:9781601381255
2141:
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2117:
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2064:
2061:(Web Extra),
2060:
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2015:
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2001:
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1934:LinkShare.com
1931:
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1681:
1666:
1664:9780749473419
1660:
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1647:
1632:
1630:9780199285990
1626:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1554:on 2005-03-10
1553:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1483:on 2007-10-12
1482:
1478:
1471:
1459:
1453:
1446:
1445:0-07-135310-0
1442:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1425:0-7897-2525-8
1422:
1419:, April 2001
1418:
1414:
1409:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1373:0-9661032-6-2
1370:
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1196:
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1172:
1168:
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1151:
1149:
1148:brainstorming
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:silver bullet
1133:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1096:
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1091:pay per click
1082:
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814:
813:pay per click
810:
809:
808:
798:
795:
787:
784:February 2014
777:
773:
769:
763:
762:
757:This section
755:
746:
745:
737:
735:
731:
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724:
723:typosquatting
720:
716:
712:
708:
698:
696:
685:
671:
668:
664:
662:
661:ponzi schemes
658:
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474:
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448:
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436:
432:
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424:
421:, gaming and
420:
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246:
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237:sales process
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120:Web analytics
118:
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105:Pay-per-click
103:
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2135:
2107:
2092:
2087:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2046:
2038:
2014:
1998:(1): 81–98.
1995:
1991:
1981:
1973:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1924:
1916:
1900:
1870:
1862:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1824:
1816:
1807:
1799:
1783:
1775:
1759:
1751:
1735:
1727:
1711:
1703:
1694:
1668:. Retrieved
1653:
1646:
1634:. Retrieved
1619:
1601:
1592:
1573:
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1552:the original
1529:
1520:
1512:
1496:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:the original
1470:
1452:
1436:
1431:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1394:. Retrieved
1380:
1364:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1292:
1271:. Retrieved
1268:Investopedia
1267:
1258:
1223:voucher code
1220:
1180:
1164:
1152:
1145:
1134:
1130:
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1088:
1055:
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1008:
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987:
974:
965:
933:
917:
909:
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855:niche market
853:Content and
805:
790:
781:
758:
727:
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691:
682:
669:
665:
650:
635:
631:
627:landing page
617:
605:
588:
577:
566:
547:
526:pay per sale
519:
486:
454:mobile phone
451:
402:
389:
381:
371:
350:
331:
315:
296:
279:
277:, and more.
249:
235:part of the
216:
215:
156:
36:
1413:Frank Fiore
962:E-mail spam
580:click fraud
562:paid search
477:advertisers
445:other than
138:Ad blocking
2253:Categories
2208:1843763907
2163:B07CJX9GVH
1837:2017-11-28
1558:2007-06-25
1511:, Page 6,
1487:2007-10-15
1458:US 6029141
1396:2011-04-20
1273:2022-09-25
1251:References
1191:Amazon.com
1079:ValueClick
1071:ShareASale
1022:spamdexing
999:spamdexing
994:data feeds
905:publishers
869:newsletter
768:improve it
623:conversion
591:e-commerce
573:conversion
449:programs.
439:publishing
405:e-commerce
373:Amazon.com
307:e-commerce
303:commission
273:, organic
225:commission
223:receive a
221:affiliates
2217:248974143
2190:982088904
2128:Citations
1817:Wired.com
1680:cite book
1670:3 October
1636:3 October
1187:sales tax
1141:algorithm
1067:LinkShare
830:cash back
817:arbitrage
772:verifying
569:publisher
536:(CPC) or
491:concepts—
473:marketers
466:broadband
435:education
342:Fingerhut
245:incentive
233:outsource
2116:Archived
2055:Archived
1966:Archived
1909:Archived
1889:Archived
1878:Archived
1855:Archived
1792:Archived
1768:Archived
1752:ReveNews
1744:Archived
1720:Archived
1505:Archived
1390:Archived
1234:See also
1183:New York
1155:podcasts
1077:against
1018:PageRank
707:spamming
501:bloggers
493:blogging
423:gambling
301:—paying
229:merchant
1046:spyware
944:cookies
892:AdSense
766:Please
612:convert
489:Web 2.0
483:Web 2.0
458:finance
431:telecom
288:History
257:, paid
252:organic
2235:Curlie
2215:
2205:
2188:
2178:
2161:
2142:
2098:,
1917:CJ.com
1661:
1627:
1580:
1463:
1443:
1423:
1371:
1227:cookie
1197:, the
1171:beFree
1095:Google
1050:adware
1040:Adware
1034:banner
1014:Google
948:adware
867:) and
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