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159:(IFQ) system, established owners have been given quotas, which they can fill at a more relaxed pace. In theory, it is intended to be safer, which was the main rationale for the change in the fishing rules. The transition to the quota system was also expected to increase the value of crab, by limiting the market of available crab. An influx of foreign crab negated some of these gains during the 2006 season.
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in 2007. Much of this foreign crab is reportedly caught and imported illegally and has led to a steady decline in the price of crab from $ 3.55 per pound in 2003 to $ 3.21 in 2004, $ 2.74 in 2005 and $ 2.30 in 2007 for
Aleutian golden king crab, and $ 5.15 per pound in 2003 to $ 4.70 in 2004 to $ 4.52 in 2005 and $ 4.24 in 2007 for Bristol Bay red king crab.
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and loggers, the next-most hazardous occupations. Alaskan crab fishing, though, is specifically even more dangerous, with over 300 fatalities per 100,000 per year. Over 80% of these deaths are caused by drowning or hypothermia. The fishermen are also susceptible to crippling injuries caused by working with heavy machinery and gear.
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The influx of crab from
Russian fisheries has also created economic problems for U.S. crabbers. The amount of crab imported from Russia has increased from around 21 million pounds (9.5 million kg) in 2004 to 37.5 million pounds (17 million kg) in 2005 to more than 56 million pounds (25.45 million kg)
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of crab, but by 1983, the total size of the catch had dropped to less than 10% of this size. Several theories for the precipitous drop in the crab population have been proposed, including overfishing, warmer waters, and increased fish predation. The slow harvest forced many fishermen to diversify and
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beginning in 2005. The show highlights interpersonal relationships and the dangers of king crab fishing, including freezing temperatures, turbulent seas, and raising full pots that can weigh well over a ton. Since the season is short—both because of regulations and the weather—fishermen often spend
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Statistically, Alaskan crab fishing remains the most dangerous job in the United States. In 2006, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics ranked commercial fishing as the occupation with the highest fatality rate, with 141.7 per 100,000 per year, almost 75% higher than the rate for pilots, flight engineers,
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Even the rocking of the boat can cause damage to the crabs, so boards are inserted in the holds to prevent excessive side-to-side movement. If a crab dies in the hold for any reason, it releases toxins that can kill other crabs. If the crew fails to remove the dead crabs, they can poison the entire
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The pot is then brought on board the boat and the crew sorts the catch. Any crabs not meeting the regulation requirements for size and sex are thrown back. The crabs are stored live in a holding tank until the boat reaches shore, where they are sold. If the weather becomes too cold, the live crabs
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The most popular crab-fishing time occurs between
October and January. The allocated time for a season continued to shrink – at one point a red crab season was only four days long. After 2005, each boat was given a quota based on their catch from previous years and how many crabs are available to
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The rationalization process put many crews out of work, as the owners of many small boats found their assigned quotas too small to meet operating expenses; during the first season run under the IFQ system, the fleet shrank from over 250 boats to around 89 mostly larger boats with high quotas.
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After the 2005 season, the
Alaskan crab industry transitioned from a derby-style season to a quota system. This transition is known as rationalization. Under the old derby style, a large number of crews competed with each other to catch crab during a restrictive time window. Under the new
237:, which is later used for retrieval. After allowing the pots to rest on the sea floor (typically one to two days for red and blue king crab, longer for golden king crab), the pots are hauled back to the surface using a hydraulic winch with a pulley on the end called a "block".
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catch. The fleet went from 251 boats down to 89, and that number has since dropped, as many boat owners have found that leasing their quota is more profitable than spending money to ready a boat for fishing. Currently, the seasons last from two to four weeks.
137:), is too small and rare to be commercially viable, though its meat is considered sweet and tasty. Specific size requirements must be met; only certain types of king crab are legal at different times of the year and only males can be kept.
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Alaskan crab fishing is very dangerous, and the fatality rate among the fishermen is about 80 times the fatality rate of the average worker. It is suggested that, on average, one crab fisherman dies weekly during the seasons.
301:. Since then, strict regulations have been enforced to responsibly manage the populations and allow them to rebound. The red and blue king crab populations have stayed relatively low in almost all areas except Southeast
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Deckhands are paid a percentage of the profits after the owner's share is taken into account. This can range from nothing to tens of thousands of dollars, depending on the size of the harvest. The so-called
73:) of crab. However, by 1983, the total size of the catch had dropped by up to 90% in some places. Several theories for the precipitous drop in the crab population have been proposed, including
77:, warmer waters, and increased fish predation. As a result, the current season is very short and in the 2010 season, only 24,000,000 pounds (11,000,000 kg) of red king crab were landed.
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live in depths between 100 and 400 fathoms (180–720 m, 600–2400 ft). The location of the pot is marked on the surface by a
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may freeze and burst. If they are left in the tank for too long, they can harm and possibly kill each other as they can be
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where the king crabs reside. The pots are dropped in a straight line (known as a "string") for easier retrieval.
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775:/ Pots of Gold; The Profit and the Sorrow / History of the Alaska King Crab Fishery / by John Sabella
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In 1980, at the peak of the king crab industry, Alaskan fisheries produced up to 200,000,000
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In 1980, at the peak of the king crab industry, Alaskan fisheries produced 200 million
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King crabs caught outside the United States are currently on the list of seafood that
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systems to lift the catch, and are able to withstand the freezing weather of the
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are between 12 and 75 m (39 and 246 ft) in length, are equipped with
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program lists king crab caught in the United States as a "good alternative".
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since 1983, forcing many fishermen to concentrate on the golden king crab.
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days at a time in very rough seas working long hours with little sleep.
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In Alaska, three species of king crab are caught commercially: the
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681:"Monterey Bay Aquarium: Seafood Watch Program - All Seafood List"
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is carried out during the fall in the waters off the coast of
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588:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from
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The 2006 triennial
Aleutian Islands golden king crab survey
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661:"Commercial Fisheries, Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
586:"Fatalities in the commercial fishing industry in Alaska"
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198:) and a ship may carry 150 to 300 pots. Fish, usually
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555:"National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries 2006"
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395:. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Archived from
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781:Nofima detailed "LH teina" king crab pot research
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530:"Alaska's Crab Fishery: Big Money Days are Gone"
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213:Red and blue king crab can be found between the
738:Norton Sound winter red king crab studies, 2006
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393:"Alaska King Crabs: Wildlife Notebook Series"
758:Norwegian-Americans in the King Crab Fishery
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1399:List of harvested aquatic animals by weight
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267:Occupational safety and health by industry
186:Fishermen use a box-shaped trap called a
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418:"National Marine Fisheries Landing Data"
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85:Types of commercially valuable king crab
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683:. Monterey Bay Aquarium. Archived from
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16:Commercial harvest of Alaskan king crab
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750:/ by Leslie J. Watson. Hosted by the
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27:Alaskan fisheries observer holding a
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506:. National Fisherman. Archived from
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317:-minded consumers should avoid; the
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767:/ by Øyvind Malmin. Hosted by the
567:from the original on 21 August 2008
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371:Alaska Department of Fish and Game
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740:/ by Joyce Soong. Hosted by the
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150:Rationalization: derby vs. quota
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638:. Menatrisk.org. Archived from
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560:. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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528:Carroll, Amy (December 2005).
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534:Alaska Fish and Wildlife News
448:, Retrieved on April 28, 2007
446:America’s most dangerous jobs
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1672:Commercial fishing in Alaska
769:Bergen Open Research Archive
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123:), and golden king crab (
40:Alaskan king crab fishing
1319:Individual fishing quota
875:Central African Republic
391:S. Forrest Blau (1997).
157:individual fishing quota
420:. 2012. Archived from
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480:"Discovery Channel's
319:Monterey Bay Aquarium
265:Further information:
167:Equipment and process
112:Paralithodes platypus
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1309:Fisheries management
367:Commercial Fisheries
126:Lithodes aequispinus
60:international waters
1467:Fishing tournaments
1329:Sustainable fishery
1162:Princess Alice Bank
217:and a depth of 100
109:), blue king crab (
54:are also caught in
1409:Commercial fishing
1381:History of fishing
1200:Peruvian anchoveta
1190:Alaskan king crabs
1167:Saya de Malha Bank
763:2011-07-24 at the
730:Crustaceans portal
611:"Crab-Fishing 101"
276:Population decline
117:St. Matthew Island
107:Kodiak Archipelago
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1462:Catch and release
1366:Artisanal fishing
1314:Fisheries science
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613:. Discovery.com.
348:Discovery Channel
309:Foreign fisheries
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1515:Spearfishing
1304:Fish farming
1221:Chatham Rise
1189:
1172:Soudan Banks
1147:Hawkins Bank
1137:Georges Bank
1122:Agulhas Bank
1070:Turkmenistan
689:. Retrieved
685:the original
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664:. Retrieved
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640:the original
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619:. Retrieved
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1500:Fishing net
1472:Fly fishing
1334:Overfishing
1289:Aquaculture
1274:topic areas
1209:Other areas
1142:Grand Banks
1132:Flemish Cap
1127:Dogger Bank
1055:Switzerland
1015:Philippines
995:New Zealand
960:South Korea
295:tanner crab
225:; 180
171:Commercial
99:Bristol Bay
97:, found in
75:overfishing
1677:King crabs
1666:Categories
1594:Fish ponds
1495:Fishfinder
1482:Techniques
1444:Recreation
1424:Processing
1404:By country
1182:By species
975:Madagascar
850:Bangladesh
827:By country
691:2008-04-17
666:2012-05-29
646:2007-04-28
621:2007-04-28
596:2007-04-28
571:2008-08-30
540:2007-06-06
514:2008-07-30
428:2012-05-29
403:2006-06-14
355:References
255:greenhorns
221:(600
181:Bering Sea
105:, and the
1587:Locations
1490:Fish trap
1414:Marketing
1371:Fisherman
1281:Fisheries
1268:Fisheries
1226:North Sea
935:Hong Kong
925:Greenland
840:Australia
820:by region
289:(such as
287:snow crab
208:sea floor
177:hydraulic
52:king crab
1650:Category
1622:Glossary
1525:Trolling
1520:Trawling
1429:Products
1391:Industry
1060:Thailand
1030:Scotland
1020:Portugal
1005:Pakistan
980:Maldives
930:Guernsey
915:Ethiopia
865:Cambodia
761:Archived
615:Archived
562:Archived
119:and the
46:and the
1638:Outline
1452:Angling
1434:Seafood
1419:Markets
1358:Fishing
1272:fishing
1085:Vanuatu
1040:Somalia
1035:Senegal
990:Myanmar
985:Morocco
910:England
900:Denmark
845:Bahrain
486:. 2006.
461:. 2000.
219:fathoms
204:codfish
200:herring
56:Russian
1578:Sinker
1535:Tackle
1216:Alaska
1075:Uganda
1065:Turkey
1025:Russia
950:Israel
895:Cyprus
870:Canada
860:Brunei
855:Bhutan
835:Angola
303:Alaska
291:opilio
285:catch
261:Danger
67:pounds
44:Alaska
1627:Index
1568:Lures
1095:Yemen
1090:Wales
1050:Sudan
1045:Spain
1010:Palau
970:Libya
955:Japan
940:India
920:Ghana
905:Egypt
890:China
885:Chile
565:(PDF)
558:(PDF)
369:from
342:is a
297:) or
1563:Line
1558:Hook
1548:Bait
1270:and
1000:Oman
965:Laos
945:Iran
880:Chad
293:and
235:buoy
58:and
25:NMFS
1573:Rod
321:'s
299:cod
229:).
202:or
188:pot
23:An
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282:lb
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