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38:
169:
accuracy than the pulsed radar for the same outlay and radar altimeters that use frequency modulation are industry standard. The radar altimeter is used to measure height above ground level during landing in commercial and military aircraft. Radar altimeters are also a component of terrain avoidance warning systems, warning the pilot if the aircraft is flying too low, or if there is rising terrain ahead. Radar altimeter technology is also used in
99:
168:
measures altitude more directly, using the time taken for a radio signal to reflect from the surface back to the aircraft. Alternatively, Frequency
Modulated Continuous-wave radar can be used. The greater the frequency shift the further the distance travelled. This method can achieve much better
137:
for aircraft, which was considered more reliable and accurate than one that relied on air pressure when heavy fog or rain was present. The new altimeter used a series of high-pitched sounds like those made by a bat to measure the distance from the aircraft to the surface, which on return to the
420:
Albéri, Matteo; Baldoncini, Marica; Bottardi, Carlo; Chiarelli, Enrico; Fiorentini, Giovanni; Raptis, Kassandra Giulia
Cristina; Realini, Eugenio; Reguzzoni, Mirko; Rossi, Lorenzo; Sampietro, Daniele; Strati, Virginia; Mantovani, Fabio (16 August 2017).
124:, and skydivers use wrist-mounted versions for similar purposes. Hikers and mountain climbers use wrist-mounted or hand-held altimeters, in addition to other navigational tools such as a map, magnetic compass, or GPS receiver.
398:
241:
226:. In hiking and climbing, it is common to find that the altitude measured by GPS is off by as much as 400 feet (122 metres) depending on satellite orientation.
222:. In aircraft, altitude determined using autonomous GPS is not reliable enough to supersede the pressure altimeter without using some method of
761:
543:
377:
Nebylov, Prof. Alexander and Sharan Sukrit. "Comparative
Analysis Of Design Variants For Low Altitude Flight Parameters Measuring System".
490:
1338:
984:
423:"Accuracy of Flight Altitude Measured with Low-Cost GNSS, Radar and Barometer Sensors: Implications for Airborne Radiometric Surveys"
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After extensive research and experimentation, it has been shown that "phase radio-altimeters" are most suitable for
116:
is supplied with a nonlinear calibration so as to indicate altitude, the instrument is a type of altimeter called a
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Digital barometric pressure sensor for altitude measurement in consumer electronic applications
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Diagram showing the face of the "three-pointer" sensitive aircraft altimeter displaying an
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268:(Jason-2) are satellite missions that use altimeters to measure sea surface height
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921:
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816:
703:
215:
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aircraft was converted to feet shown on a gauge inside the aircraft cockpit.
120:
or barometric altimeter. A pressure altimeter is the altimeter found in most
1641:
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Instrument used to determine the height of an object above a certain point
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of an object above a fixed level. The measurement of altitude is called
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578:
521:
219:
113:
391:"How NASA Designed a Helicopter That Could Fly Autonomously on Mars"
45:
of 10,180 ft (3,100 m). Reference pressure of about 29.92
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In 1931, the US Army Air Corps and
General Electric tested a
304:, an accident attributed to a malfunctioning radio altimeter
184:, as compared to laser, isotropic or ultrasonic altimeters.
200:
112:. The greater the altitude, the lower the pressure. When a
46:
491:"Understanding the Accuracy of the GPS Elevation Reading"
160:
is seen on the top row of instruments, second from right
310:, an accident attributed to misreading of an altimeter
769:
316:, a gauge measuring the rate of change of altitude
199:on its record-setting flights over the terrain of
1704:
214:(GPS) receivers can also determine altitude by
203:by means of a downward-facing Lidar altimeter.
108:can be determined based on the measurement of
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537:
483:
341:(1st ed.). Reading: Osprey. p. 33.
177:to fly at very low height above the terrain.
206:
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379:17th IFAC Symposium for Automatic Control.
466:
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76:, the measurement of depth under water.
195:technology is used to help navigate the
151:
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36:
14:
1705:
551:
237:Acronyms and abbreviations in avionics
743:
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401:from the original on 19 February 2021
334:
84:
64:is an instrument used to measure the
714:Integrated standby instrument system
24:
187:
141:
128:
25:
1724:
517:
689:Air data inertial reference unit
266:Ocean Surface Topography Mission
90:This section is an excerpt from
72:, which is related to the term
1672:In-flight entertainment system
1369:Horizontal situation indicator
653:Horizontal situation indicator
612:Horizontal situation indicator
383:
371:
355:
328:
13:
1:
321:
49:(1013 hPa) is showing in the
1652:Environmental control system
302:Turkish Airlines Flight 1951
7:
229:
10:
1729:
1329:Course deviation indicator
1020:Electro-hydraulic actuator
658:Inertial navigation system
648:Course deviation indicator
308:United Airlines Flight 389
145:
89:
26:
1619:
1598:
1560:Conventional landing gear
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1427:
1262:
1128:
965:
781:
681:
635:
592:
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212:Global Positioning System
207:Global Positioning System
1344:Flight management system
338:A Dictionary of Aviation
335:Wragg, David W. (1973).
79:
27:Not to be confused with
1647:Emergency oxygen system
1409:Turn and slip indicator
1204:Leading-edge droop flap
1174:Drag-reducing aerospike
1149:Adaptive compliant wing
1144:Active Aeroelastic Wing
617:Turn and slip indicator
362:"Meter Gives Elevation"
171:terrain-following radar
1687:Passenger service unit
1488:Self-sealing fuel tank
1384:Multi-function display
719:Primary flight display
287:Primary flight display
182:ground effect vehicles
161:
156:The altimeter on this
103:
53:
1667:Ice protection system
1585:Tricycle landing gear
1575:Landing gear extender
792:Aft pressure bulkhead
155:
101:
40:
1632:Auxiliary power unit
1040:Flight control modes
668:Satellite navigation
397:. 17 February 2021.
197:helicopter Ingenuity
110:atmospheric pressure
1611:Escape crew capsule
1518:War emergency power
1389:Pitot–static system
1234:Variable-sweep wing
942:Vertical stabilizer
449:2017Senso..17.1889A
297:Satellite altimetry
1319:Attitude indicator
1299:Airspeed indicator
1294:Aircraft periscope
643:Aircraft periscope
602:Attitude indicator
574:Airspeed indicator
553:Flight instruments
247:Flight instruments
218:with four or more
162:
118:pressure altimeter
104:
92:Pressure altimeter
85:Pressure altimeter
54:
29:attitude indicator
1700:
1699:
1627:Aircraft lavatory
1364:Heading indicator
1309:Annunciator panel
1289:Air data computer
1199:Leading-edge cuff
737:
736:
607:Heading indicator
458:10.3390/s17081889
16:(Redirected from
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1682:Navigation light
1662:Hydraulic system
1637:Bleed air system
1565:Drogue parachute
1239:Vortex generator
857:Interplane strut
764:
757:
750:
741:
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663:Magnetic compass
622:Turn coordinator
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539:
532:
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510:
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501:on March 5, 2020
497:. Archived from
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1692:Ram air turbine
1657:Flight recorder
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1508:Thrust reversal
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1394:Radar altimeter
1359:Head-up display
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1154:Anti-shock body
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985:Artificial feel
967:Flight controls
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827:Fabric covering
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773:components and
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709:Head-up display
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366:Popular Science
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292:Radar altimeter
282:Pressure sensor
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188:Laser altimeter
175:combat aircraft
166:radar altimeter
150:
148:Radar altimeter
144:
142:Radar altimeter
135:sonic altimeter
131:
129:Sonic altimeter
126:
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51:Kollsman window
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1677:Landing lights
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1599:Escape systems
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682:Related topics
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1642:Deicing boot
1570:Landing gear
1513:Townend ring
1503:Thrust lever
1478:NACA cowling
1443:Autothrottle
1435:fuel systems
1433:devices and
1303:
1224:Stall strips
1194:Krueger flap
1164:Channel wing
1110:Wing warping
1100:Stick shaker
1095:Stick pusher
1015:Dual control
1000:Centre stick
867:Leading edge
837:Flying wires
797:Cabane strut
636:Navigational
568:
561:Pitot-static
503:. Retrieved
499:the original
494:
485:
430:
426:
415:
403:. Retrieved
394:
385:
378:
373:
368:, March 1931
365:
357:
337:
330:
272:Level sensor
252:Flight level
224:augmentation
210:
191:
179:
163:
134:
132:
69:
61:
57:
55:
50:
1590:Tundra tire
1473:Intake ramp
1404:Transponder
1189:Gurney flap
1130:Aerodynamic
1045:Fly-by-wire
927:Triple tail
433:(8): 1889.
405:19 February
158:Piper PA-28
1713:Altimeters
1580:Oleo strut
1468:Inlet cone
1463:Gascolator
1429:Propulsion
1419:Yaw string
1414:Variometer
1270:instrument
1249:Wing fence
1184:Gouge flap
1159:Blown flap
1115:Yaw damper
1090:Stabilator
1075:Side-stick
1010:Dive brake
897:Stabilizer
872:Lift strut
862:Jury strut
729:Yaw string
594:Gyroscopic
584:Variometer
440:1802.00327
322:References
314:Variometer
257:Hypsometer
220:satellites
74:bathymetry
1555:Autobrake
1483:NACA duct
1458:Fuel tank
1448:Drop tank
1431:controls,
1314:Astrodome
1304:Altimeter
1169:Dog-tooth
1134:high-lift
1085:Spoileron
1070:Servo tab
1050:Gust lock
1005:Deceleron
990:Autopilot
947:Wing root
932:Twin tail
917:Tailplane
852:Hardpoint
822:Empennage
785:structure
579:Machmeter
569:Altimeter
505:March 14,
173:allowing
114:barometer
70:altimetry
58:altimeter
18:Altimetry
1707:Category
1523:Wet wing
1498:Throttle
1244:Vortilon
1105:Trim tab
1035:Flaperon
1025:Elevator
980:Airbrake
952:Wing tip
877:Longeron
847:Fuselage
783:Airframe
771:Aircraft
724:V speeds
477:28813023
399:Archived
230:See also
122:aircraft
106:Altitude
66:altitude
43:altitude
1533:Landing
1324:Compass
1272:systems
1264:Avionic
1254:Winglet
1137:devices
1080:Spoiler
975:Aileron
957:Wingbox
882:Nacelle
832:Fairing
775:systems
468:5579878
445:Bibcode
427:Sensors
262:Jason-1
1268:flight
1229:Strake
1060:Rudder
1030:Elevon
995:Canard
937:V-tail
912:T-tail
842:Former
802:Canopy
495:Garmin
475:
465:
345:
60:or an
1453:FADEC
1339:EICAS
1214:Slats
1055:HOTAS
907:Strut
435:arXiv
277:Lidar
193:Lidar
80:Types
1535:and
1399:TCAS
1379:ISIS
1334:EFIS
1279:ACAS
1266:and
1219:Slot
1179:Flap
1132:and
1120:Yoke
892:Spar
817:Dope
699:EFIS
694:ECAM
673:SIGI
507:2020
473:PMID
407:2021
343:ISBN
264:and
201:Mars
47:inHg
1374:INS
1354:GPS
1209:LEX
887:Rib
463:PMC
453:doi
56:An
1709::
493:.
471:.
461:.
451:.
443:.
431:17
429:.
425:.
393:.
364:,
164:A
763:e
756:t
749:v
545:e
538:t
531:v
509:.
479:.
455::
447::
437::
409:.
351:.
94:.
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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