1086:
Cavalry, California
Volunteers; this post commands the water in that pass. Around this water the Indians have been in the habit of lying in ambush, and shooting the troops and travelers as they came to drink. In this way they have killed three of Lieutenant-Colonel Eyre's command, and in attempting to keep Captain Roberts' company, First Infantry, California Volunteers, away from the spring a fight ensued, in which Captain Roberts had two men killed and two wounded. Captain Roberts reports that the Indians lost ten killed. In this affair the men of Captain Roberts' company are reported as behaving with great gallantry.
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fire in earnest. The
Apaches held their positions until nightfall, when they fled, allowing the Union troops to reach the spring. After allowing his tired men to enjoy a meal, Roberts retreated to bring up Cremony's detachment. The next morning the Apaches returned, but they fled once the artillery opened fire on them.
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Roberts advanced with his howitzers and had them open fire. Their effectiveness was limited by the fact that they were 300–400 feet below the Apache defenses. Roberts moved his guns ahead to a better position, all the time under heavy fire. Once the guns were in effective range, the artillery opened
959:
After capturing
Confederate Arizona's western outpost, Carleton prepared to march east with his main body in July, intending to enter New Mexico through Apache Pass in southeast Arizona. To prepare for the advance of his main force, he sent a column ahead as he had on his march from Yuma to Tucson.
1051:
hid an Apache with his rifle, six-shooter and knife. At first the Union troops could barely see their attackers. After a few minutes of intense combat
Roberts ordered retreat, and his force withdrew to the mouth of Apache Pass. His men regrouped and unlimbered the mountain howitzers for an advance
1090:
According to Capt. Cremony, however, a prominent Apache who was present in the engagement had said that 63 warriors were killed by the artillery, while only three died from small-arms fire. Said the unnamed Apache, "We would have done well enough if you had not fired wagons at us." The howitzers,
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From the hostile attitude of the
Chiricahua, I found it indispensably necessary to establish a post in what is known as Apache Pass; it is known as Fort Bowie, and garrisoned by one hundred rank and file of the Fifth Infantry, California Volunteers, and thirteen rank and file of Company A, First
1002:
company, joined by three wagons, the howitzers and seven of
Cremony's best horsemen to serve as scouts and couriers. Capt. Cremony remained behind with 15 cavalrymen and ten of Roberts' infantrymen, including the detachment left as a garrison at the river, where an adobe stage station building
1106:
One day after the battle, on the New Mexico side of Apache Pass, the bodies of nine scalped white civilians were found. Carleton decided that it was necessary to establish a post at the pass to prevent settlers from being ambushed as they passed through it. On August 4 the first units of the
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had been able to use artillery against the
Indians in the Southwest. Roberts ordered his infantry to take the hills overlooking the pass, while he remained in the pass to direct the artillery support. The skirmishers moved forward, where they were able to take cover in an abandoned
1034:
at Apache Pass, which was now blocked to them by the well-armed
Chiricahua warriors. Low on water and realizing a retreat back to Tucson without water could cost him many men, Roberts chose to fight. The Apaches had thrown up defenses, which consisted of several
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station. The soldiers were now about 600 yards from the spring. Overlooking the spring were two hills, one on the east, the other on the south. The Apache riflemen behind the breastworks on the hills were delivering a deadly fire against the attackers.
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Roberts found the water at
Dragoon Springs was enough to support the entire force, and Cremony joined with him the next day. Together they advanced on the springs at Apache Pass in the same manner, leaving Cremony with the guard detachment.
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734:
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998:, 28 miles further east, could supply both companies with water or whether they would be forced to separate into smaller detachments. Capt. Roberts led the advance detachment with his
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At noon on July 15, Roberts' detachment had just entered Apache Pass. After traveling about two-thirds of the way through, his force was attacked by about 500 Apache warriors led by
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and
Confederate pickets, the Union forces advanced on Tucson in three columns. They arrived in Tucson on May 20, forcing the heavily outnumbered Confederate
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1270:
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148:
39:
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241:
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The 2500 men of the California Column traveled across the arid Southwest in staggered groups to allow water sources to replenish. In early 1862
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804:
83:
1489:
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The Union soldiers were not in a good situation. The infantrymen had walked dozens of miles across the hot Arizona desert, heading for the
1249:
630:
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Two of Capt. Roberts' men were killed and three wounded in the battle for the spring. According to a report Col. Carleton made to Col.
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980:
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Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation's Youngest Commonwealth Within a Land of Ancient Culture
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Nine civilians were killed before the battle just outside Apache Pass, prompting Colonel Carleton to build Fort Bowie.
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Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th ed
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provided shelter and a defensive position to guard the remaining wagons and animals.
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1099:. Mangas Coloradas himself was wounded in the action, having been shot in the
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1153:. The engagement was portrayed, somewhat inaccurately, in the 1952 film
1027:
claimed to have fought in this battle but this has not been confirmed).
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615:
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953:
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Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
1325:
Records of California men in the war of the rebellion 1861 to 1867
1240:. Vol. III. Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co. p. 236.
905:. It was one of the largest battles between the Americans and the
1138:, and he continued to campaign against the Apaches in that area.
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19:
This article is about the 1862 battle. For the 1952 film, see
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1277:. Phoenix, Arizona Territory. September 3, 1904. p. 4.
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made of stone. They had also surprised the invaders with an
1475:
Battles of the California Column of the American Civil War
1304:. – San Francisco: A. Roman & Company. – pp. 155–158.
1418:
National Park Service, Fort Bowie National Historic Site
1103:
when attempting to kill one of Roberts' cavalry scouts.
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just north of Tucson between a detachment of Carleton's
16:
1862 battle of the Apache Wars in Arizona, United States
1126:
was ordered to build a fort in Apache Pass, calling it
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1145:
Arizona and New Mexico during the American Civil War.
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on September 20, 1862, about 10 Apaches were killed.
1095:by the Apaches, who were unfamiliar with artillery
1510:19th-century military history of the United States
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1149:Today the battlefield and fort are preserved in
1134:. Carleton was placed in command of the Union's
1360:War on the Frontier: The Trans-Mississippi West
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728:
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1495:Battles of the American Civil War in Arizona
1115:. At the same time the last remnants of the
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979:, a 22-man cavalry escort from Company B,
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1480:Union victories of the American Civil War
1174:Bear Spring House, Guardhouse, and Spring
987:and 21 wagons plus 242 mules and horses.
981:2nd Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry
971:, accompanied by two 12-pounder mountain
1140:
944:. After a small engagement known as the
936:, which had recently been occupied by a
1355:
994:, it became necessary to learn whether
1462:
956:to withdraw to Texas without a fight.
1505:History of United States expansionism
716:
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1364:. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books.
1055:This was one of the first times the
1490:Battles involving the United States
1328:. Adjutant General's Office. 1890.
13:
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1500:Events in Cochise County, Arizona
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1379:Fort Bowie National Historic Site
1151:Fort Bowie National Historic Site
142:
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1397:Southwest Indians Coloring Book
1281:from the original on 2021-12-13
1252:from the original on 2021-12-13
1213:from the original on 2020-09-17
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1391:Apache Indian War and Warriors
1356:Josephy, Alvin M. Jr. (1986).
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1:
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1091:being on wheels, were called
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496:Battle of Ojo Caliente (1879)
1485:Battles involving the Apache
1298:Cremony, John Carey (1868).
1072:
7:
1193:Micheal Clodfelter (2017).
1162:
1130:in honor of their colonel,
10:
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1399:. – Dover Publications. –
1199:. McFarland. p. 268.
1107:California Column reached
990:After Roberts reached the
975:under the command of Sgt.
942:Company A, Arizona Rangers
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1156:The Battle at Apache Pass
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21:The Battle at Apache Pass
1271:"Death of J. D. Monihon"
1179:
1136:Department of New Mexico
1119:army withdrew to Texas.
521:Battle of Tres Castillos
1342:Cremony. – pp. 159–160.
1132:George Washington Bowie
1124:5th California Infantry
969:1st California Infantry
605:Guadalupe Canyon (1896)
93:Cochise County, Arizona
88:Arizona Territory (CSA)
1301:Life among the Apaches
1275:The Arizona Republican
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960:The column was led by
946:Battle of Picacho Pass
865:was fought in 1862 at
136:Commanders and leaders
1423:Battle of Apache Pass
1395:Copeland, Peter F. –
1313:Cremony. pp. 159–167.
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1052:against the Apaches.
863:Battle of Apache Pass
333:Bonneville Expedition
193:Casualties and losses
103:United States victory
29:Battle of Apache Pass
1232:McClintock, James H.
765:San Augustine Spring
479:Buffalo Hunters' War
1442: /
1169:New Mexico Campaign
1109:Mesilla, New Mexico
895:Confederate Arizona
889:as it marched from
835:2nd Dragoon Springs
830:1st Dragoon Springs
747:Confederate Arizona
600:Cherry Creek (1890)
595:Kelvin Grade (1889)
484:Yellow House Canyon
388:2nd Dragoon Springs
383:1st Dragoon Springs
289:Ojo Caliente Canyon
1446:32.157°N 109.453°W
1384:2012-07-17 at the
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1057:United States Army
885:volunteers of the
785:Gallinas Mountains
368:Gallinas Mountains
44:American Civil War
1470:Conflicts in 1862
1206:978-0-7864-7470-7
965:Thomas L. Roberts
926:James H. Carleton
897:and to reinforce
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1254:. Retrieved
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1111:, along the
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820:Picacho Pass
676:
667:Picacho Pass
573:Nacori Chico
553:Big Dry Wash
452:Burro Canyon
392:
279:Bell's Fight
210:
112:Belligerents
56:
34:Part of the
1520:Apache Wars
1449: /
1437:109°27′11″W
1117:Confederate
1037:breastworks
938:Confederate
911:Apache Wars
909:during the
893:to capture
867:Apache Pass
845:Apache Pass
840:2nd Mesilla
795:Pinos Altos
760:1st Mesilla
687:Pecos River
677:Apache Pass
578:Bear Valley
543:Fort Apache
472:Sunset Pass
467:Turret Peak
457:Tonto Basin
437:Yavapai War
430:Pipe Spring
393:Apache Pass
378:Pinos Altos
284:Cieneguilla
274:Wagon Mound
252:Apache Wars
80:Apache Pass
57:Apache Pass
36:Apache Wars
1464:Categories
1434:32°09′25″N
1350:References
1285:2019-03-15
1256:2019-03-15
1217:2021-01-31
1128:Fort Bowie
1113:Rio Grande
917:Background
907:Chiricahua
903:Union army
899:New Mexico
891:California
877:, between
805:Fort Thorn
692:Mount Gray
447:Wickenburg
442:Camp Grant
408:Mount Gray
1073:Aftermath
1047:tree and
973:howitzers
930:Fort Yuma
873:, in the
200:3 wounded
1382:Archived
1279:Archived
1250:Archived
1234:(1916).
1211:Archived
1163:See also
1045:mesquite
1025:Geronimo
1000:infantry
954:garrison
810:Valverde
203:9 killed
198:2 killed
187:warriors
171:infantry
164:Strength
75:Location
38:and the
1246:5398889
1097:tactics
1049:boulder
1021:Cochise
950:cavalry
940:force,
871:Arizona
790:Placito
398:Big Bug
373:Placito
176:cavalry
158:Cochise
42:of the
1403:
1368:
1333:p. 64.
1244:
1203:
1093:wagons
1041:ambush
1032:spring
1011:Battle
879:Apache
850:La Paz
825:Tucson
682:La Paz
672:Tucson
130:Apache
100:Result
1180:Notes
1101:chest
962:Capt.
883:Union
770:Tubac
403:Mowry
353:Tubac
185:~200
1401:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1242:OCLC
1201:ISBN
1122:The
1019:and
923:Col.
861:The
511:Alma
169:116
67:Date
932:to
901:'s
174:22
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
